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10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_easy_46 | Close
If you're cramming for a test or have an important date to remember, you might find this simple tip useful: close your eyes. | For questions about visual details, participants who closed their eyes at T2 were significantly more accurate (M = 0.83, SD = 0.16) than participants who kept their eyes open (M = 0.65, SD = 0.20), F(1, 44) = 11.39, p = .002, g 2 = .21. | Close
If you're cramming for a test or have an important date to remember, you might find this simple tip useful: close your eyes. The team found that when the participants closed their eyes, they were able to remember 23 percent more information than the people in the other groups. Having a good relationship with the interviewer also helped people answer more questions about the crime correctly, but if the person closed his or her eyes, the recall was effective regardless of the rapport the person felt with the interviewer. | There was a significant main effect of eye-closure at T2, F(1, 44) = 6.37, p = .02, g 2 = .12, which was qualified by a significant interaction between eye-closure during questioning and modality, F(1, 44) = 4.60, p = .04, g 2 = .09. For questions about visual details, participants who closed their eyes at T2 were significantly more accurate (M = 0.83, SD = 0.16) than participants who kept their eyes open (M = 0.65, SD = 0.20), F(1, 44) = 11.39, p = .002, g 2 = .21. For questions about auditory details, eye-closure had no significant effect on accuracy rate (F < 1). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_47 | The other evidence-based approach he recommends is taking something positive away. | Second, participants were all located in the southern US, which may limit generalizability to other regions of the country. | As a father himself, he knows this is difficult to adhere to, but he believes this can happen even in the most difficult situation. The other evidence-based approach he recommends is taking something positive away. All of this is in service of teaching children to be respectful without disrupting the vital positive elements of the caretaker-child relationship. | Future research would benefit by including corroborating reports (eg, by parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. Second, participants were all located in the southern US, which may limit generalizability to other regions of the country. This latter concern is tempered by the fact that prevalence of corporal punishment and dating violence in the current population was similar to nationally representative samples. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32755946603&p=1pl&v=1&x=0KWopEIxShdttKNVIWuAxg |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_easy_48 | In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. | Shenzhen City: prevalence estimate 21,420 out of 21,553 (participation rate = 99.4%) screening questionnaires were completed and returned to the study team from 45 schools (Fig. | This collaboration with colleagues in China is so valuable to help us understand what is universal and what is culture-specific in autism research." In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. | Thus, the overall prevalence estimate for autism in Jilin City (total population prevalence) was 108.0 per 10,000 (or 1 in 92) (95% CI 87.0, 135.0). Shenzhen City: prevalence estimate 21,420 out of 21,553 (participation rate = 99.4%) screening questionnaires were completed and returned to the study team from 45 schools (Fig. Of these, 11,878 (55.5%) were boys and 9312 (43.5%) were girls. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803735334&p=1pl&v=1&x=Olj8Q_8mSR67vcOaC9l--A |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_easy_49 | What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." | Limitations with respect to the outcome variables (ASD, hyperactivity disorder and asthma) also need consideration. | Regardless of background, the team explains, "circumcised boys were more likely than intact boys to develop ASD before age 10 years." What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." That number may be so low due to overwhelming beliefs that the practice equates to genital mutilation, while stateside it may be considered more comparable to dental braces. | The observed 80-83% increase in ASD risk among 0-to 4-year-old circumcised boys is therefore unlikely to be an overestimate. Limitations with respect to the outcome variables (ASD, hyperactivity disorder and asthma) also need consideration. To the extent outcomes were inaccurately or incompletely recorded in the national health registers, we might have missed some true cases, or wrongly included some irrelevant cases, as outcomes in the cohort. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/asd-and-circumcision-linked-thoughts-brain-development-factor-318144 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_easy_50 | Jianfeng Feng and Edmund Rolls, who headed up the study, stressed the significance of their conclusions to Sleep Review, with Rolls stating that the results are likely to have "implications for a deeper understanding of depression," as the evidence highlights "a key brain area that might be targeted in the search for treatments." | Given that the strengths of the functional connectivities were significantly associated with the PSQI score (β = 5.459 [95% CI, 3.10-7.95]; P =1.2×10 −4 ) and Depressive Problems score (β = 0.0025 [95% CI, 0.00-0.01]; P =6.4×10 −5 ), we assessed | The crossover here goes some way to proving that sleep and depression are affected by similar parts of our brains a and suggests it is this link that causes us to feel down and more susceptible to mental health problems when we suffer from a lack of sleep. Jianfeng Feng and Edmund Rolls, who headed up the study, stressed the significance of their conclusions to Sleep Review, with Rolls stating that the results are likely to have "implications for a deeper understanding of depression," as the evidence highlights "a key brain area that might be targeted in the search for treatments." So, whatever it is you're going through, remember you're not alone. | In the same 92 participants, other areas with high correlations (all with r values greater than 0.32 and corresponding P values less than .001) with the depressive problems score included the angular gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal cortex (eTable 3 in the Supplement). Given that the strengths of the functional connectivities were significantly associated with the PSQI score (β = 5.459 [95% CI, 3.10-7.95]; P =1.2×10 −4 ) and Depressive Problems score (β = 0.0025 [95% CI, 0.00-0.01]; P =6.4×10 −5 ), we assessed The association patterns between functional connectivities and sleep duration were very similar in both the HCP and the Biobank data sets ( Figure 3A) . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34713841918&p=1pl&v=1&x=L0FHu5xHlNT03mTOI2nB8Q |
10.1111/cdev.12370 | Psychology_easy_53 | "These results show that teens can use self-distancing strategies in much the same way as adults," White notes. | Finally, following prior research , we assessed the balance of adaptive versus maladaptive reflection by subtracting reconstrual from recounting such that higher scores reflected the predominance of recounting relative to reconstruing (M = 0.86, SD = 2.36). | Older youth who self-distanced became even less upset than younger adolescents who did so. "These results show that teens can use self-distancing strategies in much the same way as adults," White notes. "They also suggest that the teen years could be critical in developing this way to regulate emotions." | Therefore, this item was dropped from further analyses (analyses including this item are provided in Appendix S2) and a reconstrual composite was calculated by averaging the two remaining items (r = .20, p < .01, M = 4.01, SD = 1.55). Finally, following prior research , we assessed the balance of adaptive versus maladaptive reflection by subtracting reconstrual from recounting such that higher scores reflected the predominance of recounting relative to reconstruing (M = 0.86, SD = 2.36). As predicted, adolescents who engaged in greater levels of spontaneous self-distancing experienced less emotional distress when recalling an anger-inducing experience, r = À.43, p < .001. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150415092801.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3514 | Psychology_easy_55 | Given that about 1 million people die by suicide every year, that's a very encouraging prospect for suicide prevention." | Therefore, command hallucinations to harm oneself may simply reflect underlying suicidal thoughts (as opposed to inducing de novo suicidal thoughts). | Dr Ian Kelleher, RCSI Psychiatry Research Lecturer and study lead, commented: "Our research shows that if we can understand and treat the factors associated with these perceptual abnormalities, we could prevent at least a quarter of suicide attempts and deaths. Given that about 1 million people die by suicide every year, that's a very encouraging prospect for suicide prevention." "These findings show the need both for clinicians to pay particular attention to patients reporting experience of psychotic experience, and for greater funding for research into recognising a psychosis subtype of suicide," added Dr Kelleher. | However, the content of hallucinations, including the presence of command hallucinations to harm oneself, cannot be said to emerge at random; rather, hallucination content reflects factors present in the thought content of the affected individual. Therefore, command hallucinations to harm oneself may simply reflect underlying suicidal thoughts (as opposed to inducing de novo suicidal thoughts). 23 It could also be the case that distress associated with PEs increases the risk of suicidal behavior. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37828547572&p=1pl&v=1&x=0DCeKj2mrndVr_6QSdn9XA |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_56 | "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. | is an exception: they found that first births have a positive effect on parental happiness, but higher order births do not. | There was a 50 percent decrease in happiness during the birth of a second child, followed by a total slump by the time the third child is born. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. | Part of the stronger dip may also be due to a larger anticipation effect. is an exception: they found that first births have a positive effect on parental happiness, but higher order births do not. If a birth is a positive life event, the happiness response to having a child may be strongest when the event is first experienced. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_easy_57 | And with insomnia statistically affecting more women than men, this is especially great news for us. | These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified. | And with insomnia statistically affecting more women than men, this is especially great news for us. Results showed that 162 functional connectivity links in the brain were connected with our ability (or lack of) to get some shut-eye; of these, 39 were also linked to depressive problems a such as low self-esteem, low mood, and a lack of motivation. The crossover here goes some way to proving that sleep and depression are affected by similar parts of our brains a and suggests it is this link that causes us to feel down and more susceptible to mental health problems when we suffer from a lack of sleep. | Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant. These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified. Areas in which functional connectivity was associated with depressive problems and their effects on sleep quality included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34713841918&p=1pl&v=1&x=L0FHu5xHlNT03mTOI2nB8Q |
10.1007/s40519-017-0414-9 | Psychology_easy_58 | According to the researchers, the apparent prevalence of eating disorders seen in musicians "could be due to their increased levels of perfectionism", and the findings could help doctors to look for warning signs among a subset of patients. | Regarding general mental health, the DASS-21 showed that depression and stress were severe, anxiety was extremely severe and the perfectionism inventory composite score was 26.53. | According to the researchers, the apparent prevalence of eating disorders seen in musicians "could be due to their increased levels of perfectionism", and the findings could help doctors to look for warning signs among a subset of patients. Almost two-thirds of the participants were female, and the average age of the group was around 31 years of age. After analysing the questionnaire data, the researchers revealed almost one-third of the group (32.3%) reported having experienced an eating disorder, a higher proportion than the estimated 1.6 million adults thought to be affected in the UK. | The median BMI was within the normal range. Regarding general mental health, the DASS-21 showed that depression and stress were severe, anxiety was extremely severe and the perfectionism inventory composite score was 26.53. There was no significant difference on the EDE-QGS between musicians who perform different types of music, but music students, professionals, soloists and musicians travelling overseas had a higher percentage of pathological EDE-QGS. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/musicians-have-high-prevalence-of-eating-disorders-study-finds/ |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_59 | Unlike their less popular peers, these kids were actively seeking high school fame. | Early adolescents engaging in high levels of pseudomature behavior will continue to be preoccupied with social status in new social venues (i.e., romantic relationships) as development progresses into early adulthood. | The kids who ran their high schools at 13 tended to drink more, get into trouble more, have more sex, and importantly, sought out popularity. Unlike their less popular peers, these kids were actively seeking high school fame. And as the cohort got older, these mature behaviors got a forceful shove into full-blown recklessness. | 3. Early adolescents engaging in high levels of pseudomature behavior will continue to be preoccupied with social status in new social venues (i.e., romantic relationships) as development progresses into early adulthood. Early adolescent pseudomature behavior will predict higher levels of future problems with alcohol and substance use and serious deviant behavior, even after accounting for early signs of such behavior. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/cool-kids-grow-be-adult-burnouts-how-early-popularity-can-kill-childs-future-287922 |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_easy_60 | Cataracts meanwhile, most commonly caused by ageing, didn't seem to have the same relationship with Alzheimer's. | Discussion: Increased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk. | Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma were the three eye conditions that showed a strong link with Alzheimer's. Cataracts meanwhile, most commonly caused by ageing, didn't seem to have the same relationship with Alzheimer's. It's possible that this new correlation with eye diseases could give us more insight into the origins of Alzheimer's, perhaps joining up the dots for some of what's happening in the nervous system. | The recent and established hazard ratio were 1.46 (P 5 .01) and 0.87 (P 5 .19) for glaucoma, 1.20 (P 5 .12) and 1.50 (P , .001) for AMD, and 1.50 (P 5 .045) and 1.50 (P 5 .03) for DR. Discussion: Increased AD risk was found for recent glaucoma diagnoses, established AMD diagnoses, and both recent and established DR. People with certain ophthalmic conditions may have increased AD risk. Research regarding AD risk factors may lead to early detection and preventive measures based on better understanding neurodegenerative processes . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34771794923&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ca84A-gkCictgVqjQU3CrA |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_61 | The study's findings have broader implications beyond advertising, Smith said. | It is a unique process because consumers are not shown ads based solely on broad demographic or psychographic variables; nor are they presented with ads for the same products they have already viewed or clicked on (as is the case with retargeting; . | "If you're a person who goes out hiking occasionally and you see a behaviorally targeted ad for hiking boots that suggests you're rugged and outdoorsy, our results suggest you will feel more outdoorsy and then be more likely to buy that product," Reczek said. The study's findings have broader implications beyond advertising, Smith said. "We like to think we are quite certain of who we are, but this study suggests that's not quite the case," he said. | Importantly, these effects only hold when the label is plausibly connected to consumers' prior behavior (i.e., when the targeting is at least moderately accurate). It is a unique process because consumers are not shown ads based solely on broad demographic or psychographic variables; nor are they presented with ads for the same products they have already viewed or clicked on (as is the case with retargeting; . This research introduces the notion that behaviorally targeted advertisements act as implied social labels. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_62 | "These previously cool teens appeared less competent -- socially and otherwise -- than their less cool peers by the time they reached young adulthood," Allen said. | No moderating effects were found beyond what would be expected by chance, thus indicating that results described below did not reliably differ between males and females or between adolescents from high-versus low-income families. | By 22, the cool kids struggled to make friends. "These previously cool teens appeared less competent -- socially and otherwise -- than their less cool peers by the time they reached young adulthood," Allen said. Teens who become popular simply by hanging out with pretty people probably don't work as hard to develop meaningful relationships, according to the study. | Several variables of substantive interest in the study were related to both adolescent gender and income in the adolescent's family of origin; hence, these factors were considered as covariates in the analyses below. No moderating effects were found beyond what would be expected by chance, thus indicating that results described below did not reliably differ between males and females or between adolescents from high-versus low-income families. For descriptive purposes, Table 1 also presents simple correlations among all primary constructs examined in the study. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/being-popular-in-high-school-leads-to-problems-in-adulthood-2014-6 |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_63 | For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. | Another potential boundary condition that could be fruitfully explored is the degree to which consumers exhibit impression management in their online actions. | If an ad makes you feel sophisticated or environmentally conscious, you are more likely to engage in all kinds of behaviors related to that trait - not just buy the advertised product," Reczek said. For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. | For example, source credibility should only moderate the effect of social labels. Another potential boundary condition that could be fruitfully explored is the degree to which consumers exhibit impression management in their online actions. If consumers know in advance that their browsing or shopping choices are being monitored specifically for the delivery of an ad, they might strategically change their behaviors to receive different ads or might be unwilling to accept a label that has been generated from such inauthentic, impressionmanaged behaviors. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_64 | The study's results, reported in Scientific Reports, suggest a more accurate method to diagnose autism. | Similar accuracy (above 90%) was obtained when we chose 70% of the data as training data with the remaining data as test set (details in Methods). | The study's results, reported in Scientific Reports, suggest a more accurate method to diagnose autism. "We've found that every person has their own unique 'movement DNA,'" says senior author Jorge V. Jose, professor of physics at Indiana University Bloomington. "The use of movement as a 'biomarker' for autism could represent an important leap forward in detection and treatment of the disorder." | The data set classification accuracy is 95.45%. Similar accuracy (above 90%) was obtained when we chose 70% of the data as training data with the remaining data as test set (details in Methods). Figure 5C shows a clear separation between immature and mature TD individuals in the R-space. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_65 | Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. | We found an 'a posterior' agreement between the parameter values we determined from the data and a battery of clinical diagnosed neurodevelopment stages carried out by psychiatrists. | The volunteers who scored lower on the scale also exhibited more severe forms of autism. Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. The new motion data strengthens evidence for movement as a biomarker for autism. | The average training set accuracy (in 50 iterations) is 95.73% and the average test set accuracy is 97.86%. We found an 'a posterior' agreement between the parameter values we determined from the data and a battery of clinical diagnosed neurodevelopment stages carried out by psychiatrists. After doing our blind statistical analyses, we found a very close correlation between the psychiatric diagnoses and our results. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1038/nn.3635 | Psychology_easy_66 | Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. | 4) . | The approach will be useful for future studies elucidating other perceptual and cognitive processes," says Kriegeskorte, who was not part of the research team. Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. It could also shed light on processes that underlie conditions such as memory disorders or dyslexia, and could benefit patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases. | The 92 × 92 MEG decoding matrices contained complex high-dimensional structure that was difficult to visualize. 4) . The null hypothesis of no experimental effect differed throughout the paper depending on the analysis of interest: the MEG decoding time series was equal to 50% chance level; the within-subdivision minus between-subdivision portions of an MEG decoding matrix was equal to 0; the correlation of the MEG decoding matrices and fMRI (or monkey spiking activity) dissimilarity matrix was equal to 0. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127141758.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_easy_67 | Conversely, the same odours were considered unpleasant and inedible when associated with negative labels - even the food odours. | Further, geraniol was the only odor that was rated as pleasant when its ratings for positive and negative labels were collapsed together (although its negative label was neutral). | Specifically, participants described the odours as pleasant and edible (even those associated with non-food items) when associated with positive labels. Conversely, the same odours were considered unpleasant and inedible when associated with negative labels - even the food odours. "It shows that odour perception is not objective: it is affected by the cognitive interpretation that occurs when one looks at a label," says Manescu. | A possible explanation for this effect could be that the label "cheap perfume" is not truly negative or that it is less negative compared with other negative labels in the present study. Further, geraniol was the only odor that was rated as pleasant when its ratings for positive and negative labels were collapsed together (although its negative label was neutral). It is conceivable that the effect of labels on perceived intensity is less prominent for pleasant odors. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/eyes-vision/47601-smelling-with-our-eyes-descriptions-affect-odour-perception.html |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_easy_70 | "It is clear from our research that closing the eyes and building rapport help with witness recall. | Table 2 shows cued-recall performance. | However, participants who had built a rapport said that they felt more comfortable when they closed their eyes. "It is clear from our research that closing the eyes and building rapport help with witness recall. Although closing your eyes to remember seems to work whether or not rapport has been built beforehand, our results show that building rapport makes witnesses more at ease with closing their eyes. | Separate two-way ANOVAs on the number of visual and auditory incorrect new details, respectively, revealed no significant effects either (all Fs < 2.77; all ps > .10). Table 2 shows cued-recall performance. Eye-closure at T1 did not have a significant effect on cued-recall performance a week later, F(1, 44) = 2.62, p = .11, g 2 = .05. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Psychology_easy_71 | The overall effect is to bring the brain down from a state of over-stimulation to a normal, baseline stimulation level. | Only time, and clinical trials, will tell if this system truly represents a novel therapeutic target for mood and anxiety disorders. | This, in turn, helps improve focus and attention in those with ADHD. The overall effect is to bring the brain down from a state of over-stimulation to a normal, baseline stimulation level. It also has a high potential for abuse and misuse. | As such, the eCB system represents an ideal system for translational research since human studies generally corroborate animal studies. Animal studies can delve further into the mechanism and inform future clinical studies investigating the role of eCB signaling in treating psychiatric disorders. Only time, and clinical trials, will tell if this system truly represents a novel therapeutic target for mood and anxiety disorders. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_74 | "In this case, receiving a behaviorally targeted ad from a restaurant suggesting that you are a 'sophisticated' food consumer makes you think, 'I may be more sophisticated than I thought.' | noting that "a category label becomes an identity once the consumer has begun to incorporate it into his or her sense of who he or she is and has initiated the process to become that kind of person" (2012, 312) . | They were also more likely to say they would purchase the Groupon than those in the other two groups. "In this case, receiving a behaviorally targeted ad from a restaurant suggesting that you are a 'sophisticated' food consumer makes you think, 'I may be more sophisticated than I thought.' That in turn makes you more likely to buy a Groupon for the restaurant." | It is important to distinguish between the nature and the effects of an implied social label and the activation of an element of a consumer's identity. noting that "a category label becomes an identity once the consumer has begun to incorporate it into his or her sense of who he or she is and has initiated the process to become that kind of person" (2012, 312) . Advertisements can prime identities, such as when an ad featuring an image of the Great Wall of China makes a Chinese consumer's Chinese identity more salient . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_75 | Even so, Murphy and her colleagues found that voters, after seeing fake news stories, tended to form false memories about stories that particularly aligned with their political beliefs. | For instance, in a standard two-alternative forced-choice recognition test (e.g., ; four of the 40 Original Memory effect sizes came from such tests), de-biasing may be entirely sufficient to restore original memory performance, as discrediting the misleading detail automatically favours reporting the original detail. | This meant that voters were relatively well informed about both sides. Even so, Murphy and her colleagues found that voters, after seeing fake news stories, tended to form false memories about stories that particularly aligned with their political beliefs. Participants voting yes to repeal the ban on abortion, for instance, were more likely to recall the fabricated poster scandal about the opposing campaign. | The relative contributions probably depend on specific aspects of the studies, for instance on the type of memory test used. For instance, in a standard two-alternative forced-choice recognition test (e.g., ; four of the 40 Original Memory effect sizes came from such tests), de-biasing may be entirely sufficient to restore original memory performance, as discrediting the misleading detail automatically favours reporting the original detail. By contrast, in recall tests (accounting for ~ 40% of the Original Memory effect sizes) de-biasing in itself may not help very much unless access to -or discrimination of -original event details is otherwise facilitated or restored. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1038/nn.3635 | Psychology_easy_78 | Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. | In the meantime, the linkage between the time course of individual object coding in humans and coding of these same objects in monkey IT, although predictable by previous research, is shown here to our knowledge for the first time. | The approach will be useful for future studies elucidating other perceptual and cognitive processes," says Kriegeskorte, who was not part of the research team. Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. It could also shed light on processes that underlie conditions such as memory disorders or dyslexia, and could benefit patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases. | Future studies might compare the dynamics in human and monkey IT using monkey data resolved in time, thus potentially complementing spatial homologies with temporal ones. In the meantime, the linkage between the time course of individual object coding in humans and coding of these same objects in monkey IT, although predictable by previous research, is shown here to our knowledge for the first time. Progress in understanding how object recognition is implemented in the brain is likely to come from the combination of advances in data analyses suitable for different imaging techniques and comparison npg a r t I C l e S across species . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127141758.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_79 | One thing to note is that this was a relatively small study. | However, over the following years, pseudomature behavior was associated with a significant relative decline in levels of popularity. | Teens who become popular simply by hanging out with pretty people probably don't work as hard to develop meaningful relationships, according to the study. One thing to note is that this was a relatively small study. Though participants were from both urban and suburban areas, 184 kids can't be enough to be totally sure about widespread patterns. | Results, presented in Table 2 , based on a highly significant overall linear growth model, v 2 (3) = 249.5, p < .001, indicate that pseudomature behavior was associated with higher levels of popularity among peers at age 13, as predicted. However, over the following years, pseudomature behavior was associated with a significant relative decline in levels of popularity. This indicates that, as hypothesized, pseudomature behavior was indeed linked to higher status with peers early in adolescence, but that as development progresses and peers mature, this link steadily fades out, and was no longer present by age 15 (see Figure 1) . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/being-popular-in-high-school-leads-to-problems-in-adulthood-2014-6 |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_80 | While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them. | Study 2 sheds light on this process by measuring consumers' self-perceptions. | "The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said. While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them. "If you're a person who goes out hiking occasionally and you see a behaviorally targeted ad for hiking boots that suggests you're rugged and outdoorsy, our results suggest you will feel more outdoorsy and then be more likely to buy that product," Reczek said. | The data also show that the effects of behavioral targeting are not due to differences in liking for the advertisement because consumers liked the ad equally in all conditions. Study 2 sheds light on this process by measuring consumers' self-perceptions. Second, we increase the external validity of our work by manipulating awareness of whether the ad is behaviorally targeted using the industry-standard AdChoices icon. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Psychology_easy_81 | Naps do contribute to emotion processing at this young age." | Finally, we failed to replicate the original findings of Kinzler and Shutts 18 in which memory for negative stimuli was greater than memory for positive stimuli immediately after encoding. | "Our results are consistent with these observations of caregivers. Naps do contribute to emotion processing at this young age." To do this, they presented children ages approximately three to five years (34-64 months) with faces paired with mean or nice word descriptions, but they saw no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. | Nevertheless, we feel that these results indicate a need for further research into emotional memory consolidation across a nap and subsequent overnight sleep in preschool-aged chidren. Finally, we failed to replicate the original findings of Kinzler and Shutts 18 in which memory for negative stimuli was greater than memory for positive stimuli immediately after encoding. While on average the Kinzler and Shutts study demonstrated a negativity bias in emotional recognition memory, they did however report large individual differences in emotional bias (differences in accuracy of recognizing positive or negative stimuli). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Psychology_easy_82 | "This study demonstrates that napping is beneficial to memory processing," they point out. | However, emotional memories are unique in the neural basis of encoding as well as the sleep physiology underlying consolidation. | As in observations by others, "both a nap and subsequent overnight sleep was necessary to observe performance benefits." "This study demonstrates that napping is beneficial to memory processing," they point out. "Given the importance of socio-emotional learning in preschool naps averaging 70 minutes may support the curricular goals of early childhood education. | Naps in early childhood support declarative memory consolidation. However, emotional memories are unique in the neural basis of encoding as well as the sleep physiology underlying consolidation. There were no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000261 | Psychology_easy_83 | They found that there was a asignificant anticipatory cortisol response before competition,a although the spikes werenat as strong as those seen before other intense events, like skydiving. | This shared responsibility to the outcome and opportunities for social interaction reduces cognitive and somatic anxiety responses before sport competition in team sport athletes in comparison to individual athletes. | A spike in cortisol in athletesa saliva before competition, they wrote, would support the idea that apsychosocial stressorsa can have as strong a biological effect as actual danger. They found that there was a asignificant anticipatory cortisol response before competition,a although the spikes werenat as strong as those seen before other intense events, like skydiving. Also, notably, they only noticed statistically significant spikes in the saliva cortisol levels of male athletes, which the authors admit requires further investigation. | This cooperation offers opportunities for social interactions between athletes in preparation to and during competition. This shared responsibility to the outcome and opportunities for social interaction reduces cognitive and somatic anxiety responses before sport competition in team sport athletes in comparison to individual athletes. 7 43 In addition, providing verbal social support during psychosocial stress tasks reduces the cortisol response in comparison to not receiving this support. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474732617&p=1pl&v=1&x=pcdQFFmMveKF7UrJyJtzvg |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_84 | The new motion data strengthens evidence for movement as a biomarker for autism. | We will show below that it has an extraordinary individualized classification power in neurodevelopment. | Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. The new motion data strengthens evidence for movement as a biomarker for autism. Next, the researchers aim to conduct movement assessments on more people, including more research on the parents of children with autism to better understand the connection between lower parental scores on the movement assessment and their children's risk for autism. | This shows that the R-parameter very well characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. We will show below that it has an extraordinary individualized classification power in neurodevelopment. The R-parameter differentiates ASD and mature TD. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Psychology_easy_85 | It can help with focus, and concentration in the same way as Adderall. | For example, repeated treatment of mice with the MAGL inhibitor JZL-184, which increases brain 2-AG levels, prevents repeated restraint stress-induced anxiety measured in the novelty-induced hypophagia assay . | Of course, CBD is more than an Adderall alternative. It can help with focus, and concentration in the same way as Adderall. But, it also has a wide range of other health benefits and uses. | Based on the totality of data reviewed this far, strong evidence points to eCB signaling as a stress-buffering system, and that one contribution to behavioral dysregulation induced by stress is an AEA-deficient state. For example, repeated treatment of mice with the MAGL inhibitor JZL-184, which increases brain 2-AG levels, prevents repeated restraint stress-induced anxiety measured in the novelty-induced hypophagia assay . Furthermore, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FAAH prevents chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety in the elevated plus-maze , as well as CUS-induced anhedonia . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1111/cdep.12038 | Psychology_easy_86 | Of the countries included in the study, 30 have passed laws fully banning physical punishment of children, both in schools and in homes. | We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. | And, says Frank Elgar, the study's lead author and an associate professor at the Institute for Health and Social Policy at McGill University in Montreal, "The association appears to be fairly robust." Of the countries included in the study, 30 have passed laws fully banning physical punishment of children, both in schools and in homes. The rates of fighting among adolescents were substantially lower than the 20 countries with no bans in place: by 69 percent for adolescent males and 42 less for females. | We now have enough research to conclude that spanking is ineffective at best and harmful to children at worst. We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37496755330&p=1pl&v=1&x=D2_ff5Et7h_ldttAmZUuVw |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Psychology_easy_87 | Together, "these results suggest that sleep bouts can interact to benefit memory in early childhood," they conclude. | However, emotional memories are unique in the neural basis of encoding as well as the sleep physiology underlying consolidation. | Yet nap slow wave activity also predicted greater overnight improvement in memory. Together, "these results suggest that sleep bouts can interact to benefit memory in early childhood," they conclude. Overall, the authors report, "results of this study are consistent with those in procedural memory consolidation in preschool-aged children." | Naps in early childhood support declarative memory consolidation. However, emotional memories are unique in the neural basis of encoding as well as the sleep physiology underlying consolidation. There were no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_88 | "That the political orientation and cognitive-ability effects persisted... despite an explicit warning about possible fake news in the second part of the study suggests that these effects cannot simply be eliminated by encouraging stricter source monitoring," the authors conclude. | using post-warning vs. nowarning as a moderator) returned a highly significant moderator effect for both Original Memory, Q(1) 6 = 20.96, p < .001, and Misinformation Endorsement, Q(1) = 27.40, p < .001. | Devising strategies to prevent false voter memories may require implementing more sophisticated measures, perhaps in addition to issuing warnings about misinformation. "That the political orientation and cognitive-ability effects persisted... despite an explicit warning about possible fake news in the second part of the study suggests that these effects cannot simply be eliminated by encouraging stricter source monitoring," the authors conclude. In other political contexts, such as the 2020 U.S. presidential election, fake news may create similar effects in voters' recollections of campaign events. | better misled than control performance). using post-warning vs. nowarning as a moderator) returned a highly significant moderator effect for both Original Memory, Q(1) 6 = 20.96, p < .001, and Misinformation Endorsement, Q(1) = 27.40, p < .001. taking sample size into account; see As with most moderator analyses, one limitation of the preceding analyses is that they are essentially [82] | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1080/08870446.2013.818674 | Psychology_easy_90 | Smokers who plan carefully and -- again -- receive the right kind of support from their partners are more likely to stop for good. | At Tl , the average number of daily smoked cigarettes was 16.59 (SD=8.52, range 1-40) and at T2 on average 5.27 (SD=6.97, range 0-40), showing a significant reduction from T1 to T2 (F(l, 97)=195.67, p=.001). | Careful planning
The same is true of the coping strategies that the smoker plans to apply in difficult situations (for instance, taking a chewing gum or being reminded of one's wish to quit when spending an evening in the company of smokers and feeling an uncontrollable craving for a cigarette). Smokers who plan carefully and -- again -- receive the right kind of support from their partners are more likely to stop for good. When occurring on their own, self-efficacy, coping strategies and social support did not increase the chances of quitting. | This technique provides the range of the moderator within which the simple slope of the dependent variable on the predictor is significantly different from zero . At Tl , the average number of daily smoked cigarettes was 16.59 (SD=8.52, range 1-40) and at T2 on average 5.27 (SD=6.97, range 0-40), showing a significant reduction from T1 to T2 (F(l, 97)=195.67, p=.001). According to the measure of continuous abstinence, 34 (3 2.1%) participants did not smoke between their quit date and T2. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130724102602.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1111/lcrp.12013 | Psychology_easy_91 | That in itself is vital if we are to encourage witnesses to use this helpful technique during interviews," said Dr. Robert Nash, lead author of the study. | This main effect was qualified by a significant interaction between eye-closure during questioning and modality of encoded information, F(1, 44) = 7.24, p = .01, g 2 = .07. | Although closing your eyes to remember seems to work whether or not rapport has been built beforehand, our results show that building rapport makes witnesses more at ease with closing their eyes. That in itself is vital if we are to encourage witnesses to use this helpful technique during interviews," said Dr. Robert Nash, lead author of the study. Can this revelation help people remember other types of information in other circumstances? | Participants who closed their eyes during the second session, however, answered significantly more questions correctly (M = 9.21, SD = 1.93) than participants who kept their eyes open (M = 7.67, SD = 2.20), F(1, 44) = 6.77, p = .01, g 2 = .13. This main effect was qualified by a significant interaction between eye-closure during questioning and modality of encoded information, F(1, 44) = 7.24, p = .01, g 2 = .07. Simple effects analyses showed that eye-closure at T2 increased correct recall of visual details by 35.3% (from 4.38 to 5.92), F(1, 44) = 10.06, p = .003, g 2 = .19, but did not affect correct recall of auditory details (F < 1). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_93 | The researchers also discovered that having a baby at older age is more beneficial psychologically. | Women also have steeper drops between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of a larger initial gain. | Sociologists Mikko Myrskyla and Rachel Margolis found out that third child does not make subjective well-being greater. The researchers also discovered that having a baby at older age is more beneficial psychologically. Although many different explanations of this phenomenon were proposed, relatively little attention was paid to subjective well-being of parents. | In both Britain and Germany, women gain more in happiness in expectation (differences statistically significant in both data sets with p < .10) and right after the birth of a child (p < .05 in both data sets). Women also have steeper drops between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of a larger initial gain. In the long-run, there are no differences between men and women. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_easy_94 | The 23andMe test will tell consumers about 33 genetic variants that are associated with how well common drugs -- blood thinners like Plavix and Coumadin, for example -- work, but it's explicit that consumers should not change their medications based on these results. | Of the eight health care utilization measures assessed, several did not attain statistical significance, including inpatient visits. | The manufacturer, 23andMe, won FDA approval by being very careful not to overpromise what its test can do-- so careful that the approval highlights the limited usefulness of the test and how much we still don't know about this field of medicine. The 23andMe test will tell consumers about 33 genetic variants that are associated with how well common drugs -- blood thinners like Plavix and Coumadin, for example -- work, but it's explicit that consumers should not change their medications based on these results. The test is only supposed to provide some potentially useful information that people can discuss with their doctor. | In a 1-year, blinded, retrospective study, the number of outpatient health care visits, number of medical absence days, and number of disability claims were found to be significantly greater (p=0.015, p=0.04, and p=0.003, respectively) among patients treated with genotype-discordant medications (N=9; red bin) as compared with patients treated with genotype-concordant medications (N=39; green bin), equating to a total yearly savings of $5,174 . Of the eight health care utilization measures assessed, several did not attain statistical significance, including inpatient visits. Inclusion of patients with anxiety disorders and lack of a treatment-as-usual group were notable limitations. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_95 | Based on Reczek's findings, these sorts of ads could strengthen that young person's perception of themselves as a certain kind of gun owner. | Consumers in the behaviorally targeted and the demographically targeted condition felt equally that the ad was matched to personal information from earlier in the experimental session (to a significantly greater extent than participants in the control, nontargeted condition). | While the effectiveness of behaviorally targeted ads is great news for marketers, these findings bring up some troubling hypotheticals. Based on Reczek's findings, these sorts of ads could strengthen that young person's perception of themselves as a certain kind of gun owner. "If people don't see the trait implied by an ad as negative, our research suggests that they would see themselves as having the trait to a greater extent," she says. | The results from study 1 provide support for the hypothesis that behaviorally targeted advertisements can act as implied social labels, resulting in adjustments to behavior consistent with the label. Consumers in the behaviorally targeted and the demographically targeted condition felt equally that the ad was matched to personal information from earlier in the experimental session (to a significantly greater extent than participants in the control, nontargeted condition). However, participants in the behaviorally targeted condition recognized a label from the marketer as a result of this individual-level information matching to a greater extent than participants in the demographic targeting and nontargeting condition and demonstrated higher willingness to purchase the advertised product because of its consistency with this implied identity. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Psychology_easy_96 | Using CBD, therefore, reduces the need for stimulants like Adderall. | Thus, consistent with data obtained from animal studies, these data support the possibility that impaired eCB activity could be a predisposing factor for the development of stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions. | As a result, CBD helps restore balance, reducing the negative symptoms that ADHD sufferers experience, while also improving concentration. Using CBD, therefore, reduces the need for stimulants like Adderall. And, unlike Adderall, CBD also helps ADHD sufferers deal with other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders. | Accordingly, these pharmacological studies in humans demonstrate that disruption of eCB signaling is sufficient to promote anxiety, increase HPA axis activity, impair reward processes in the brain and enhance negative emotional memory biases, all of which are all hallmark signs of mood disorders. Thus, consistent with data obtained from animal studies, these data support the possibility that impaired eCB activity could be a predisposing factor for the development of stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions. Again, as was seen in the pharmacological studies in humans, the data generated to date are largely consistent with what has been found in preclinical studies. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_98 | The current study, however, finds that even when fabricated events are presented with a warning about their legitimacy, false memories are easily created. | For instance, with respect to warning specificity, one should expect warnings that mention only the possibility of misinformation, rather than positively assert its presence, to be less effective. | "High cognitive ability may allow individuals to overcome the biasing effect of political orientation and more effectively monitor the sources of their memories," the authors note. The current study, however, finds that even when fabricated events are presented with a warning about their legitimacy, false memories are easily created. Devising strategies to prevent false voter memories may require implementing more sophisticated measures, perhaps in addition to issuing warnings about misinformation. | Some of the moderators seem to make theoretical sense. For instance, with respect to warning specificity, one should expect warnings that mention only the possibility of misinformation, rather than positively assert its presence, to be less effective. Descriptively, this was indeed so (when outlying effect sizes were excluded), but the moderator effect did not reach significance. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_99 | When you're not consistent with your consequences, it makes it less likely that the child will change his or her behavior. | There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . | Whatever consequence you identify must be enforced every time. When you're not consistent with your consequences, it makes it less likely that the child will change his or her behavior. Reward your child with attention. | Nineteen percent of participants (n = 134) reported physical perpetration of dating violence, and more than one-half (68%) reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498, mean = 1.07, SD = 0.96). There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . More African Americans endorsed experiencing corporal punishment "always," relative to Hispanic participants, c 2 [1] = 3.96, P < .05, but this difference did not emerge between African American and white participants, c 2 [1] = 1.51, P = .22. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32818256385&p=1pl&v=1&x=0ZAEkx105k29I5f3n6_nlQ |
10.1177/0963662516629749 | Psychology_easy_100 | and the mind-boggling behaviours of birds (such as the manakins shown doing a shuffle dance), Our Planet will engage a whole new generation. | In an era where science is becoming increasingly contentious politically, curriculum reform that is designed to produce a more educated citizenry represents an area of common ground for virtually all actors in the policy making process. | So many of us working in conservation were drawn in through watching Sir David Attenborough's other films as children. and the mind-boggling behaviours of birds (such as the manakins shown doing a shuffle dance), Our Planet will engage a whole new generation. However feeling connected with nature does matter. | While it would be naïve to suggest that curriculum reform is a simple process, an approach to the lagging levels of public support for science that focuses on education enjoys at least one key advantage; it promises to be a largely bipartisan effort, at least relative to other approaches that might target values or employ persuasive messaging. In an era where science is becoming increasingly contentious politically, curriculum reform that is designed to produce a more educated citizenry represents an area of common ground for virtually all actors in the policy making process. debates over teaching evolution), Republicans and Democrats, the rich and the poor, scientists and lay audiences all understand the need for a scientifically literate and informed citizenry. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38943467568&p=1pl&v=1&x=9SwgtGU7Zgermm7GUNo8gA |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_easy_104 | What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." | showed that even the youngest infants had full capacity for conscious perception, although their ability to express such perceptions had not yet developed. | Regardless of background, the team explains, "circumcised boys were more likely than intact boys to develop ASD before age 10 years." What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." That number may be so low due to overwhelming beliefs that the practice equates to genital mutilation, while stateside it may be considered more comparable to dental braces. | Psychological problems were encountered in 4% of children aged < years at the time of operation, as compared with 0% among older children. showed that even the youngest infants had full capacity for conscious perception, although their ability to express such perceptions had not yet developed. , , 4 Regardless of surgical method, circumcision causes some level of pain and discomfort at the operation table and for several days after until wound healing has completed. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/asd-and-circumcision-linked-thoughts-brain-development-factor-318144 |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_easy_105 | "It shows that odour perception is not objective: it is affected by the cognitive interpretation that occurs when one looks at a label," says Manescu. | Its positive label yielded faster reaction times than the negative label, which is contrary to our expectations. | Conversely, the same odours were considered unpleasant and inedible when associated with negative labels -- even the food odours. "It shows that odour perception is not objective: it is affected by the cognitive interpretation that occurs when one looks at a label," says Manescu. "Moreover, this is the first time we have been able to influence the edibility perception of an odour, even though the positive and negative labels accompanying the odours showed non-food words," adds Frasnelli. | Although we observed a significant main effect of label, post hoc tests revealed an effect only for one of the odorants, parmesan cheese. Its positive label yielded faster reaction times than the negative label, which is contrary to our expectations. We consider several options to explain this effect. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_easy_108 | The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. | Of these links, 39 were also associated with the Depressive Problems scores. | The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. This research could lead to better sleep quality for people with depression, and opens up the possibility of new targeted treatments. In the brains of those living with depressive problems, they discovered a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with short-term memory), the precuneus (associated with the self), and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (associated with negative emotion). | A total of 162 functional connectivity links involving areas associated with sleep, such as the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, were identified. Of these links, 39 were also associated with the Depressive Problems scores. The brain areas with increased functional connectivity associated with both sleep and Depressive Problems scores included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, temporal cortex, and precuneus. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_easy_110 | Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr
aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. | Although participants of the HCP data set were not selected to have a psychiatric disorder and most are healthy control participants, the Depressive Problems raw score was a useful indicator of depression, in that 92 participants who reported having been diagnosed with a major depressive episode also had significantly higher scores on this measure. | They found that thereas functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions. Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr
aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. | We note that only 2 of the 123 items in the Adult Self Report questionnaire, which are used to calculate the Depressive Problems Score, are on the topic of sleep quality, and so these are unlikely to account for the correlations in this study. Although participants of the HCP data set were not selected to have a psychiatric disorder and most are healthy control participants, the Depressive Problems raw score was a useful indicator of depression, in that 92 participants who reported having been diagnosed with a major depressive episode also had significantly higher scores on this measure. This data set included 8718 participants. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34642343077&p=1pl&v=1&x=KFiPC90kn8JgzhaUX20nIg |
10.1093/chemse/bjt066 | Psychology_easy_111 | "Although descriptions appear to influence reaction time, this may be modulated by label fit and the edibility attributed to an odour or label," concludes Manescu. | People react faster to food odors compared with nonfood odors ). | "We were surprised by this result because we expected reaction times to increase when all four odours were associated with positive labels," says Manescu. In this study, however, cumin -- which was rated positively when presented with the label "Indian food" -- did not result in a slower reaction time, unlike parmesan cheese, which yield slower reaction times and was rated positively when presented with the "parmesan cheese" label. "Although descriptions appear to influence reaction time, this may be modulated by label fit and the edibility attributed to an odour or label," concludes Manescu. | However, edibility of the odorant could better explain our results. People react faster to food odors compared with nonfood odors ). This may explain why the positive label elicited a significantly faster reaction time than the negative one, as the latter was not associated with food. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/cdep.12038 | Psychology_easy_114 | "No school can be considered safe or supportive if its students are fearful of being physically punished." | But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one. | "No school can be considered safe or supportive if its students are fearful of being physically punished." She also noted that this practice should no longer be a part of American childrearing. The study found that spanking was associated with an increase in mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. | We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one. By using the euphemistic term spanking, parents feel justified in hitting their children while not acknowledging that they are, in fact, hitting. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.universityherald.com/articles/51514/20161124/education-secretary-schools-stop-use-corporal-punishment.htm |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_115 | By the time these "cool" kids turned 23, many of them were having problems with criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use -- significantly more than the other subjects in the study, who were not ranked in the "cool" category at the study's onset. | Early adolescent pseudomature behavior will predict lower levels of competence with peers in early adulthood, even after accounting for baseline levels of peer competence. | But over the course of the next two years, from the time they were age 13 to when they turned 15, these "cool" kids' social status drastically declined, as shown in the graph below: Allen et al. By the time these "cool" kids turned 23, many of them were having problems with criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use -- significantly more than the other subjects in the study, who were not ranked in the "cool" category at the study's onset. The researchers conclude with this scary notion:
"The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence." | 5. Early adolescent pseudomature behavior will predict lower levels of competence with peers in early adulthood, even after accounting for baseline levels of peer competence. Of all students eligible for participation, 63% agreed to participate either as target participants or as peers providing collateral information. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7 |
10.1073/pnas.1702671114 | Psychology_easy_117 | When the background noise ends, the sound pressure level dissipates, and so does the level of vocalization. | For the human and bird experiments ( , the vocalizations studied were about 150 ms long, which constrains the lower latency limit of the Lombard effect that can be measured. | "...the speed at which an echolocating bat responds to ambient noise is truly shocking: 10 times faster than we blink our eyes." When the background noise ends, the sound pressure level dissipates, and so does the level of vocalization. Even in terms of near-instantaneous brain reactions, they call this reflex "remarkably short." | First, the duration of the vocalizations under investigation sets the finest latency measurement resolution. For the human and bird experiments ( , the vocalizations studied were about 150 ms long, which constrains the lower latency limit of the Lombard effect that can be measured. For example, using the data from the 500-ms continuous noise experiment (experiment 1) we estimated the response latency for the Lombard effect to be between 25 and 75 ms because calls were 2.2 ± 0.7 dB more intense for the 75-ms call group statistically, but not for the 25-ms call group. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/bats-volume-lombard-effect-1452342-2/ |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_easy_118 | Even though 23andMe has been more successful than other companies in gaining FDA approval, that doesn't mean its test is useful or necessary. | With over 30 combinatorial pharmacogenetic tools on the market, evaluating the relative clinical value of each variant independently is not practical, and such an approach does not test the proprietary algorithmbased phenotyping that is unique to each combinatorial pharmacogenetic product. | The tests they researched also didn't agree on what medical recommendations to make when they detected that a patient had a particular gene variant. Even though 23andMe has been more successful than other companies in gaining FDA approval, that doesn't mean its test is useful or necessary. It's simply too early. | Furthermore, evaluating the level of evidence for each variant is a painstaking process, even with access to resources such as the PharmGKB knowledge base. With over 30 combinatorial pharmacogenetic tools on the market, evaluating the relative clinical value of each variant independently is not practical, and such an approach does not test the proprietary algorithmbased phenotyping that is unique to each combinatorial pharmacogenetic product. Although substantial ambiguity remains as to which are the most relevant candidates for further development , we can envision a day when even more comprehensive combinatorial pharmacogenetic tests and more elaborate algorithms are available to predict antidepressant efficacy and tolerability for any patient. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_easy_120 | "While music programs are often the first to be cut when the school budget is tight, these results highlight music's place in the high school curriculum," says Nina Kraus, senior study author and director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University. | A feature common to both music and JROTC training is synchronization to perceptual cues. | The gains were seen during group music classes included in the schools' curriculum, suggesting in-school training accelerates neurodevelopment. "While music programs are often the first to be cut when the school budget is tight, these results highlight music's place in the high school curriculum," says Nina Kraus, senior study author and director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University. "Although learning to play music does not teach skills that seem directly relevant to most careers, the results suggest that music may engender what educators refer to as 'learning to learn.'" | Thus, these seemingly different types of training may share a common characteristic capable of bolstering certain phonological skills. A feature common to both music and JROTC training is synchronization to perceptual cues. Given that both music training and JROTC training enhance phonological awareness and involve synchronization with perceptual cues, future work comparing music training to a passive control group could reveal a divergence not reported here. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/band-teenagers-brains-965992/ |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_121 | He is fundamentally opposed to telling people what not to do. | Given that parents provide a salient model for how adolescents and young adults behave in intimate relationships, corporal punishment may set the groundwork that physical force is an acceptable means of resolving Highest parental education was created based on either one of participant parents' highest education. | This abdication of the moral high ground is principled. He is fundamentally opposed to telling people what not to do. It's not just a Texas thing; it's proven not to work. | Social modeling may be particularly toxic when the child admires the perpetrator, and perceives the individual as competent and of high social status. Given that parents provide a salient model for how adolescents and young adults behave in intimate relationships, corporal punishment may set the groundwork that physical force is an acceptable means of resolving Highest parental education was created based on either one of participant parents' highest education. Due to item missingness, the sample sizes for sex, ethnicity, and highest parental education may not match. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32755946603&p=1pl&v=1&x=0KWopEIxShdttKNVIWuAxg |
10.1111/cdev.12370 | Psychology_easy_123 | They were also less likely to continue to blame the other person involved in the event (though not less likely to forgive him or her). | Continued maturation of the prefrontal cortex, an area critical to self-regulation (e.g., Casey et al., 2010; , as well as practice using these strategies ) could contribute to increased efficacy of spontaneous self-distancing across adolescence. | These youth were more likely to reconsider the events in meaningful and insightful ways, and less likely to simply replay the upsetting events in their minds. They were also less likely to continue to blame the other person involved in the event (though not less likely to forgive him or her). In turn, these new insights were associated with less emotional distress. | If self-distancing follows a similar developmental trajectory to other regulatory strategies, such as distraction or reappraisal, its use should increase from childhood through adolescence . Continued maturation of the prefrontal cortex, an area critical to self-regulation (e.g., Casey et al., 2010; , as well as practice using these strategies ) could contribute to increased efficacy of spontaneous self-distancing across adolescence. Together, these data suggest that spontaneous self-distancing could be widely implemented across adolescence, but that its efficacy might increase with age. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150415092801.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_125 | She doesn't do that kind of stuff as often," she said. | Future research would benefit by including corroborating reports (eg, by parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. | She doesn't do that kind of stuff as often," she said. Reaction online was mixed--some people agreed with Kelly, while others were horrified:
@kelly_clarkson spanking is disgusting, unacceptable and is a basically a form of physical violence and is abuse. You may have turned out "fine". | Thus, it is possible that participants may have, on the one hand, opted for more socially desirable responses, or on the other, inflated or misremembered actual events. Future research would benefit by including corroborating reports (eg, by parents) and/or a more comprehensive measure of corporal punishment. Second, participants were all located in the southern US, which may limit generalizability to other regions of the country. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33001285672&p=1pl&v=1&x=mY8JhuBWW01QmuVJVuzYBw |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_127 | Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. | This shows that the R-parameter very well characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. | The volunteers who scored lower on the scale also exhibited more severe forms of autism. Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. The new motion data strengthens evidence for movement as a biomarker for autism. | Of importance is that we have normalized R to be independent of the actual number of trials included in the experiments. This shows that the R-parameter very well characterizes the simulated speed profile's SNR, i.e. We will show below that it has an extraordinary individualized classification power in neurodevelopment. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1111/cdev.12370 | Psychology_easy_128 | In turn, these new insights were associated with less emotional distress. | Therefore, this item was dropped from further analyses (analyses including this item are provided in Appendix S2) and a reconstrual composite was calculated by averaging the two remaining items (r = .20, p < .01, M = 4.01, SD = 1.55). | They were also less likely to continue to blame the other person involved in the event, though not less likely to forgive him or her. In turn, these new insights were associated with less emotional distress. "In fact, they were dealing with them in a more adaptive way." | Post hoc inspection of adolescents' ratings on the third reconstrual item, regarding understanding, revealed that it was unexpectedly related to greater emotional reactivity (r = .19, p < .01), a pattern opposite to the first two reconstrual items (rs = À.06 and À.09, respectively) as well as previous research (e.g., . Therefore, this item was dropped from further analyses (analyses including this item are provided in Appendix S2) and a reconstrual composite was calculated by averaging the two remaining items (r = .20, p < .01, M = 4.01, SD = 1.55). Finally, following prior research , we assessed the balance of adaptive versus maladaptive reflection by subtracting reconstrual from recounting such that higher scores reflected the predominance of recounting relative to reconstruing (M = 0.86, SD = 2.36). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/teens-emotions-distance-903192/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_129 | The volunteers who scored lower on the scale also exhibited more severe forms of autism. | If R = 0, all the s-IPIs are distributed exponentially, suggesting total randomness in the s-Peaks' appearances. | In each case, the movement-based diagnoses corresponded to these qualitative-based assessments, which are rarely in complete agreement. The volunteers who scored lower on the scale also exhibited more severe forms of autism. Also, lower-than-average scores in several of the volunteers' parents, who did not have an autism diagnosis themselves, suggested that movement could possibly be used to assess a neurotypical parent's risk for children with autism, Jose says. | 3I , the non-exponential contributions in the s-IPIs distributions represent the systematic differences across different If R = 0, all the s-IPIs are distributed exponentially, suggesting total randomness in the s-Peaks' appearances. R increases as the non-exponential contributions increase. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1073/pnas.1702671114 | Psychology_easy_131 | It could also help point the way to assistive medical devices. | For the human and bird experiments ( , the vocalizations studied were about 150 ms long, which constrains the lower latency limit of the Lombard effect that can be measured. | The new information may lead to better understanding of and treatment for diseases, such as Parkinson's, where the Lombard effect may be amplified, researchers say. It could also help point the way to assistive medical devices. Unlike humans, whose vocalizations are comparatively long and slow, bats are ideal for such a sensorimotor study. | First, the duration of the vocalizations under investigation sets the finest latency measurement resolution. For the human and bird experiments ( , the vocalizations studied were about 150 ms long, which constrains the lower latency limit of the Lombard effect that can be measured. For example, using the data from the 500-ms continuous noise experiment (experiment 1) we estimated the response latency for the Lombard effect to be between 25 and 75 ms because calls were 2.2 ± 0.7 dB more intense for the 75-ms call group statistically, but not for the 25-ms call group. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/bats-volume-lombard-effect-1452342-2/ |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_easy_132 | It found that those who learned music experienced faster maturation in the brain's response to sound, and heightened sensitivity to details in sound. | Given that both music training and JROTC training enhance phonological awareness and involve synchronization with perceptual cues, future work comparing music training to a passive control group could reveal a divergence not reported here. | It's for these reasons that musical training improves teens' development. It found that those who learned music experienced faster maturation in the brain's response to sound, and heightened sensitivity to details in sound. While all students showed improvement in language skills necessary for reading, it was those who underwent musical training that performed the best three years later. | A feature common to both music and JROTC training is synchronization to perceptual cues. Given that both music training and JROTC training enhance phonological awareness and involve synchronization with perceptual cues, future work comparing music training to a passive control group could reveal a divergence not reported here. On the other hand, we found no gains in rapid naming or phonological memory, despite the fact that both reading and verbal memory have been associated with music training in other studies, suggesting either that the training studied here was not optimally designed to enhance these skills or that enhancing these skills requires a greater amount of training or training begun earlier in life. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/taking-music-class-high-school-improves-teen-language-skills-may-boost-academic-344674 |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_133 | "We really need to narrow the gap between what physicians observe in patients in the clinic and what we're learning about movement within the field of neuroscience." | The speed profile of the latter case is smoother, having the s-Peaks less random. | The assessments are also difficult to administer to very young children, or to people with impairments such as lack of verbal skills, potentially preventing early interventions for these groups. "We really need to narrow the gap between what physicians observe in patients in the clinic and what we're learning about movement within the field of neuroscience." A lower score indicated a greater risk for autism, with numbers under a certain threshold corresponding to previous diagnosis of autism. | The unbiased non-exponential contribution to s-IPI cannot distinguish, for example, one case with two small outlier intervals of equal length "t" from another outlier with a single interval of length "2t". The speed profile of the latter case is smoother, having the s-Peaks less random. Theoretically, R is proportional to the non-exponential ratio as well as the mean value of the non-exponential distributions (details given in the Supplementary Material). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_easy_134 | This is very true. | This could also include parent-child, sibling, and best-friend interactions, in comparison to the interactions between strangers. | The whole thing seems so nice -- to be able to think of this gesture first and foremost as emotionally empowering, rather than physically limiting. "Perhaps," Avins wrote of the Trumps-holding-hands incident, "it's time to acknowledge a new norm: Some of us just really don't want to hold hands." This is very true. | Therefore, future research should test the effect of touch and pain in both men and women as well as in homosexual and heterosexual participants. This could also include parent-child, sibling, and best-friend interactions, in comparison to the interactions between strangers. Second, this study used a single subjectively adjusted degree of heat pain. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33905342690&p=1pl&v=1&x=oCe4HgFpEBY4nR9WXUdauQ |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_135 | "We really need to narrow the gap between what physicians observe in patients in the clinic and what we're learning about movement within the field of neuroscience." | Similar accuracy (above 90%) was obtained when we chose 70% of the data as training data with the remaining data as test set (details in Methods). | The assessments are also difficult to administer to very young children, or to people with impairments such as lack of verbal skills, potentially preventing early interventions for these groups. "We really need to narrow the gap between what physicians observe in patients in the clinic and what we're learning about movement within the field of neuroscience." A lower score indicated a greater risk for autism, with numbers under a certain threshold corresponding to previous diagnosis of autism. | The data set classification accuracy is 95.45%. Similar accuracy (above 90%) was obtained when we chose 70% of the data as training data with the remaining data as test set (details in Methods). Figure 5C shows a clear separation between immature and mature TD individuals in the R-space. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_136 | When it ended, they were 23. | In fact, after accounting for pseudomature behavior, early adolescent levels of substance use became insignificant as predictors of future use, suggesting that to the extent that pseudomature behavior and substance use were correlated in early adolescence, it was pseudomature behavior that took on the primary role in statistically predicting future substance use -a striking degree of heterotypic continuity for a behavior that typically displays considerable homotypic continuity over time . | Allen and his team found evidence to suggest that this behavior might actually hurt social status in school. When it ended, they were 23. The average family range of annual income was $40,000 to $59,999 and about 58% of the subjects described themselves as Caucasian, 29% as African-American, 8% as mixed race and ethnicity, and 5% as being from other minority groups. | With respect to alcohol and marijuana use, early adolescent pseudomature behavior was actually a better predictor of future such substance use problems in adulthood than were even early adolescent levels of such use. In fact, after accounting for pseudomature behavior, early adolescent levels of substance use became insignificant as predictors of future use, suggesting that to the extent that pseudomature behavior and substance use were correlated in early adolescence, it was pseudomature behavior that took on the primary role in statistically predicting future substance use -a striking degree of heterotypic continuity for a behavior that typically displays considerable homotypic continuity over time . This finding indicates just how potentially important this social pathway toward future difficulties may be in identifying individuals at risk for long-term problems with alcohol and substance use. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7 |
10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856 | Psychology_easy_138 | Patients with the degenerative disease were at a 40 percent to 50 percent greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than those without these eye conditions in the study. | Using an alternate criterion for glaucoma diagnosis such as the use of glaucoma medications in addition to International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes may have produced different findings. | The eye even has the same type of tissues as the brain, the researchers said. Patients with the degenerative disease were at a 40 percent to 50 percent greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than those without these eye conditions in the study. "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." | The prevalence of glaucoma in our cohort was higher than that reported for the US population . Using an alternate criterion for glaucoma diagnosis such as the use of glaucoma medications in addition to International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, codes may have produced different findings. The AMD effect appears to be both recent and long-term, given highest risk with recent diagnosis and increasing trend with longer duration of AMD. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34761732564&p=1pl&v=1&x=Vhq6mvjHkQ2mz_7WovQGRw |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_140 | On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. | Although the overall FE versus OLS differences are not large, they still suggest that the FE model captures unobserved confounders that are not included in the OLS model. | This seemed to be true for the second child as well. On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. The happiness level of parents varied among different ages. | Such anticipation effects are not surprising because the process of childbearing from planning to birth may take years. Although the overall FE versus OLS differences are not large, they still suggest that the FE model captures unobserved confounders that are not included in the OLS model. Figure 1 shows two differences in happiness trajectories for women and men. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_142 | "The student who was popular and was running with the fast crowd isn't doing as great later on." | Although no measures of pubertal status were available in this study, by the ages of 13-15, the period during which pseudomature behavior was observed, the vast majority of teens are well into puberty. | Worse yet, findings revealed that many were also more likely to encounter issues with substance abuse. "The student who was popular and was running with the fast crowd isn't doing as great later on." By about 22, the cool group had a 45 percent higher rate of problems related to alcohol and substance abuse. | Second, one question that might be asked regarding these findings is how they relate to the pubertal status of early adolescents, which has been inconsistently linked to delinquent and romantic behavior . Although no measures of pubertal status were available in this study, by the ages of 13-15, the period during which pseudomature behavior was observed, the vast majority of teens are well into puberty. This fact, plus the lack of consistent links between pubertal timing and delinquent and romantic behavior in the existing literature, suggests that prior differences in pubertal timing are unlikely to account for the findings observed. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/15380/20140612/treatment-of-sleep-apnea-helps-improve-heart-health.htm |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_easy_143 | They probably had no idea that their poppy little ditty had a basis in scientific fact. | It is important to note that our findings of interpersonal coupling during touch can also be explained by the phenomenon of Huygens synchronization of two connected pendulum clocks 83 . | " " Holding hands can actually ease pain, helping to regulate responses to stress, while increasing trust and emotional well-being. They probably had no idea that their poppy little ditty had a basis in scientific fact. That's almost as many as the entire population of Texas. | Thus, future research should test the role of oxytocin in touch-related analgesia. It is important to note that our findings of interpersonal coupling during touch can also be explained by the phenomenon of Huygens synchronization of two connected pendulum clocks 83 . Nevertheless, the moderation effects of empathic accuracy and pain analgesia reduce the probability of this explanation. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/holding-hands-can-ease-pain.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1 |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_144 | By the time it dropped below 30%, she was "not having fun anymore." | Study 2 also provides evidence that behaviorally targeted ads have unique effects relative to an identity salience prime and demonstrates that the effects of behaviorally targeted ads on purchase intentions persist over time. | One 23-year-old told the researchers that when her phone's battery life fell to 50%, she began to feel anxious. By the time it dropped below 30%, she was "not having fun anymore." "Anything less than half full, however, induced feelings of profound anxiety and discomfort." | Study 2 demonstrates that the effects of behavioral targeting on purchase intentions are mediated by the recognition that the ad implies something about the consumer's identity and the subsequent adjustments in self-perceptions that result from recognizing this implied label. Study 2 also provides evidence that behaviorally targeted ads have unique effects relative to an identity salience prime and demonstrates that the effects of behaviorally targeted ads on purchase intentions persist over time. Study 3 shows that the serial mediation tested in study 2 holds not just for purchase intentions for the advertised product but also for other behaviors conceptually related to the label. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_easy_145 | For further information, please contact the cited source. | We found significant moderation of the effect of women's analgesia and touch on the cross-partner synchronization in velocity of respiration fluctuations (F (4,28000) = 26.59, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = −418367.9, ΔR 2 = 0.19). | For now, he has some advice for partners in the delivery room: Be ready and available to hold your partner's hand. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. | The corresponding contrasts were not significant in the condition without partner touch (Δζ nt(p) = 0.002, p = 0.56, men), (Δζ nt(p) = 0.001, p < 0.73, women) ( Fig. We found significant moderation of the effect of women's analgesia and touch on the cross-partner synchronization in velocity of respiration fluctuations (F (4,28000) = 26.59, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = −418367.9, ΔR 2 = 0.19). Higher levels of women's analgesia predicted increased coupling between female velocity and male acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.027, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.015, 0.039]) and increased associations between male velocity and female acceleration (Δζ t(p) = 0.068, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.042, 0.093]) in the touch condition. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39586310183&p=1pl&v=1&x=MLIK2XeMJ34Ijqm2aaBClw |
10.1073/pnas.1702671114 | Psychology_easy_146 | The new information may lead to better understanding of and treatment for diseases, such as Parkinson's, where the Lombard effect may be amplified, researchers say. | These findings can now be extended to models and measures of audiomotor integration in other animals, including humans. | "We resolved this question." The new information may lead to better understanding of and treatment for diseases, such as Parkinson's, where the Lombard effect may be amplified, researchers say. It could also help point the way to assistive medical devices. | We show that the Lombard effect operates by continuously integrating the sound pressure level of background noise through temporal summation to guide the extremely rapid vocal-motor adjustments. These findings can now be extended to models and measures of audiomotor integration in other animals, including humans. This is particularly true regarding the control of vocalizations, which are used by a wide range of animal species for communication. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/bats-volume-lombard-effect-1452342-2/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Psychology_easy_147 | This is very true. | Empathic accuracy and touch moderated the effect of synchronization in heart rate (F (4,13000) = 20.73, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = −265162.9, ΔR 2 = 0.24). | The whole thing seems so nice -- to be able to think of this gesture first and foremost as emotionally empowering, rather than physically limiting. "Perhaps," Avins wrote of the Trumps-holding-hands incident, "it's time to acknowledge a new norm: Some of us just really don't want to hold hands." This is very true. | The same pattern of moderation effects emerged in the heart rate analysis. Empathic accuracy and touch moderated the effect of synchronization in heart rate (F (4,13000) = 20.73, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = −265162.9, ΔR 2 = 0.24). High as opposed to low levels of empathic accuracy predicted greater coupling between female velocity and The corresponding contrasts were not significant in the condition without partner touch (Δζ nt(p) = 0.008, p = 0.28, males), (Δζ nt(p) = 0.008, p = 0.34, females). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33905342690&p=1pl&v=1&x=oCe4HgFpEBY4nR9WXUdauQ |
10.1080/09500693.2018.1540897 | Psychology_easy_150 | "European institutions had significantly higher grades than North American institutions, suggesting that perhaps the well-known progressive policies of European countries aimed at supporting working parents and promoting work-life balance have some influence on the retention and promotion of women in science," Dr. Beeler says. | Most of the excluded studies lacked information about the sampling and/or the assignment of the control group and intervention group. | Shutterstock
However, there were bright spots. "European institutions had significantly higher grades than North American institutions, suggesting that perhaps the well-known progressive policies of European countries aimed at supporting working parents and promoting work-life balance have some influence on the retention and promotion of women in science," Dr. Beeler says. The Report Card also showed that several STEM institutions had started programs like unconscious bias training to help female scientists flourish. | Only nine studies met the standards such that solid conclusions could be drawn about the effectiveness of the intervention. Most of the excluded studies lacked information about the sampling and/or the assignment of the control group and intervention group. For example, by purposeful choice of participants by teachers, or the choice of an existing group as a control group without controlling for group characteristics such as gender, ability and/or motivation, causing possibly unequal groups (internal threat of selection). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40221871852&p=1pl&v=1&x=YoxlwItGkxllKvqs__4klg |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_151 | By about 22, the cool group had a 45 percent higher rate of problems related to alcohol and substance abuse. | This full sample thus provides the best possible estimates of variances and covariances in measures of interest and was least likely to be biased by missing data. | "The student who was popular and was running with the fast crowd isn't doing as great later on." By about 22, the cool group had a 45 percent higher rate of problems related to alcohol and substance abuse. They were also more likely to have engaged in criminal workings. | Because these procedures have been found to yield the least biased estimates when all available data are used for longitudinal analyses (vs. listwise deletion of missing data; , the entire original sample of 184 was utilized for these analyses. This full sample thus provides the best possible estimates of variances and covariances in measures of interest and was least likely to be biased by missing data. Alternative longitudinal analyses using just those participants without missing data (i.e., listwise deletion) yielded results that were substantially identical to those reported in the following. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/15380/20140612/treatment-of-sleep-apnea-helps-improve-heart-health.htm |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_152 | This abdication of the moral high ground is principled. | Attaining a better understanding of antecedents of dating violence is critical for preventive strategies seeking to mitigate dating violence among youth. | Temple is less direct: "The point of us doing this research isn't to tell parents what to do," he said, conjuring a libertarian-friendly approach to science. This abdication of the moral high ground is principled. He is fundamentally opposed to telling people what not to do. | One factor that merits additional attention is the association between a youth's history of experiencing corporal punishment and perpetration of dating violence. Attaining a better understanding of antecedents of dating violence is critical for preventive strategies seeking to mitigate dating violence among youth. These factors cut across various domains including affective (eg, emotion dysregulation, psychiatric disorder), cognitive (eg, attitudes toward women, beliefs about violence), demographic (eg, age, race, sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status), interpersonal (eg, relationship satisfaction, problem solving skills), contextual (eg, availability of weapon, drug/alcohol use), as well as distal factors (eg, history of child abuse, exposure to family violence). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32755946603&p=1pl&v=1&x=0KWopEIxShdttKNVIWuAxg |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_153 | "We've found that every person has their own unique 'movement DNA,'" says senior author Jorge V. Jose, professor of physics at Indiana University Bloomington. | The R-parameter value for this case is 24.9, suggesting also an experimental minimum threshold for R. Notice that some subjects in the ASD group have R values below 30 for ages above 10, even for the 30-years old ASD subject. | The study's results, reported in Scientific Reports, suggest a more accurate method to diagnose autism. "We've found that every person has their own unique 'movement DNA,'" says senior author Jorge V. Jose, professor of physics at Indiana University Bloomington. "The use of movement as a 'biomarker' for autism could represent an important leap forward in detection and treatment of the disorder." | 2A) , with the corresponding s-IPI distribution close to an exponential (Fig. The R-parameter value for this case is 24.9, suggesting also an experimental minimum threshold for R. Notice that some subjects in the ASD group have R values below 30 for ages above 10, even for the 30-years old ASD subject. This remarkable result suggests a total absence of age-related neurodevelopmental milestones in these ASD cases. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1016/j.nicl.2013.09.001 | Psychology_easy_154 | That could allow the physician to get an early start on the treatment." | A total of 18 scans had sufficient artifact that they could not be used for the present study, leaving a total of 283 MRI scans at baseline (when all participants were cognitively normal) and 333 MRI scans obtained over time (controls = 269, preclinical AD = 64). | Also, the scans in our library may help a physician identify a change in the shape of a brain structure that occurs very early in the course of a disease, even before clinical symptoms appear. That could allow the physician to get an early start on the treatment." Mori points out that such a "biobank" has the potential to impact doctors' workflow dramatically. | Of the 51 participants with preclinical AD, 33 had repeat MRI scans (M = 2.94/subject). A total of 18 scans had sufficient artifact that they could not be used for the present study, leaving a total of 283 MRI scans at baseline (when all participants were cognitively normal) and 333 MRI scans obtained over time (controls = 269, preclinical AD = 64). approach defines the caudal extent relative to the lateral geniculate nucleus. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/children-s-brain-image-bank-could-become-a-google-tool-for-doctors |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_155 | The greater amount of fluctuation in the movement of the individuals with autism was possibly related to the level of "noise" naturally produced by random neuron firings in the brain, for which neurotypical individuals seem to develop stronger compensation methods. | The p-values for the correlation between R-parameter and ADI-R sum score were slightly above 0.05 (below 0.05 when we exclude the outlier subject). | A lower score indicated a greater risk for autism, with numbers under a certain threshold corresponding to previous diagnosis of autism. The greater amount of fluctuation in the movement of the individuals with autism was possibly related to the level of "noise" naturally produced by random neuron firings in the brain, for which neurotypical individuals seem to develop stronger compensation methods. In each case, the movement-based diagnoses corresponded to these qualitative-based assessments, which are rarely in complete agreement. | (2) Our R-parameter is modestly correlated (negative) with ASD severity level in the spectrum. The p-values for the correlation between R-parameter and ADI-R sum score were slightly above 0.05 (below 0.05 when we exclude the outlier subject). We didn't find, however, a direct correlation between our R parameter and the ADOS score. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_156 | Ja nos Estados Unidos mais de metade dos adultos opta por ter dois filhos e um terco tres. | If people see young parents with few resources having a difficult time and others with many resources having an easier time, this may send a message to postpone childbearing. | A maioria dos europeus adultos considera que a familia ideal e composta por dois filhos, nem mais nem menos. Ja nos Estados Unidos mais de metade dos adultos opta por ter dois filhos e um terco tres. Estes resultados podem estar a ser manipulados por aquilo a que se chama o 'numero normal' de filhos nas civilizacoes ocidentais. | Older parents may be more "ready" for parenthood or may have been anticipating it more intently . If people see young parents with few resources having a difficult time and others with many resources having an easier time, this may send a message to postpone childbearing. Even if intentions are high, postponement may contribute to lower quantum because of declining fecundity. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39223136203&p=1pl&v=1&x=xoHDe39xmXgtQulrl1DHEQ |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_157 | Participants voting yes to repeal the ban on abortion, for instance, were more likely to recall the fabricated poster scandal about the opposing campaign. | Most of the coded features are fairly unambiguous and easily verified in any case, leaving little room for error. | Even so, Murphy and her colleagues found that voters, after seeing fake news stories, tended to form false memories about stories that particularly aligned with their political beliefs. Participants voting yes to repeal the ban on abortion, for instance, were more likely to recall the fabricated poster scandal about the opposing campaign. "[T]hey are likely to 'remember' scandals that reflect poorly on the opposing candidate," Murphy told the Association for Psychological Science. | This post-warning studies landscape was fairly heterogeneous in terms of the general (i.e., not warning-related) study characteristics, but always within a typical range, and is in this sense reflects the breadth of misinformation research in general. Most of the coded features are fairly unambiguous and easily verified in any case, leaving little room for error. Because the odds ratios are more intuitive, however, we report all results as re-transformed into this format. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_158 | On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. | Qualitative information on work-family conflict, planning status of births, and instrumental support would be useful to further our understanding of the social mechanisms. | This seemed to be true for the second child as well. On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. The happiness level of parents varied among different ages. | A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth . Qualitative information on work-family conflict, planning status of births, and instrumental support would be useful to further our understanding of the social mechanisms. Second, social norms about childbearing have relaxed markedly over the study period, and when and how many children to have may be more of a decision than before. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_159 | The study's results, reported in Scientific Reports, suggest a more accurate method to diagnose autism. | From the convolution theorem, the Fourier transform of the filtered data equals the product of the Fourier transform of the raw data times the Fourier transform of the triangular function: | The study's results, reported in Scientific Reports, suggest a more accurate method to diagnose autism. "We've found that every person has their own unique 'movement DNA,'" says senior author Jorge V. Jose, professor of physics at Indiana University Bloomington. "The use of movement as a 'biomarker' for autism could represent an important leap forward in detection and treatment of the disorder." | The triangular function can be written as: From the convolution theorem, the Fourier transform of the filtered data equals the product of the Fourier transform of the raw data times the Fourier transform of the triangular function: Notice that the application of the smoothing algorithm to the velocity profiles is equivalent to the application to the raw positional readings directly. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_162 | "We suspect they may have then engaged in more and more extreme behaviors trying to gain peer approval," Allen said. | Two of the three behaviors in the pseudomature cluster examined in this study were not even considered deviant. | And as the cohort got older, these mature behaviors got a forceful shove into full-blown recklessness. "We suspect they may have then engaged in more and more extreme behaviors trying to gain peer approval," Allen said. In other words, "those who got approval for drinking at 13 had to get wasted multiple times and engage in more extreme acts to try, unsuccessfully, to gain approval in later years." | Importantly, the predictions to future problematic behaviors were not a reflection of simple continuities over time in levels of deviance. Two of the three behaviors in the pseudomature cluster examined in this study were not even considered deviant. More importantly, early adolescent pseudomature behavior had value in predicting future criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use problems over and above early adolescent markers of such problems. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/cool-kids-grow-be-adult-burnouts-how-early-popularity-can-kill-childs-future-287922 |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_163 | "In a sense, you become more like what the ads say you are. | Study 2 sheds light on this process by measuring consumers' self-perceptions. | It actually makes you feel more environmentally conscious and can change your behavior," said Rebecca Walker Reczek, co-author of the study and associate professor of marketing at The Ohio State University's Fisher College of Business. "In a sense, you become more like what the ads say you are. Study participants who were told that the ad was targeted to them because of their Internet browsing history were more likely than others to say that the ad suggested they had "sophisticated food preferences." | The data also show that the effects of behavioral targeting are not due to differences in liking for the advertisement because consumers liked the ad equally in all conditions. Study 2 sheds light on this process by measuring consumers' self-perceptions. Second, we increase the external validity of our work by manipulating awareness of whether the ad is behaviorally targeted using the industry-standard AdChoices icon. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_166 | This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. | Social norms and social policy may play some role in shaping parental wellbeing trajectories, but overall, the individual sociodemographic characteristics are more important than context. | "We find that the happiness gain around the time of childbirth attenuates with parity, being strongest for the first, lower for the second, and nonpositive for the third child," the sociologists report. This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby. | The resulting differences in poverty are not small: 40 % to 46 % of lone mothers in Britain are poor, compared with only 27 % to 30 % in Germany . Social norms and social policy may play some role in shaping parental wellbeing trajectories, but overall, the individual sociodemographic characteristics are more important than context. The happiness trajectories of parents were quite similar in the pooled cross-sectional OLS regressions and the fixed-effects regressions. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_167 | Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. | The FE results are qualitatively consistent with those obtained with the OLS model and similar in Germany and Britain as well as across the two happiness measures available in the BHPS. | The increase in parental happiness surrounding the birth of a third child is negligible. Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. | Age at first birth also shows a positive gradient with happiness. The FE results are qualitatively consistent with those obtained with the OLS model and similar in Germany and Britain as well as across the two happiness measures available in the BHPS. The main difference between the OLS and the FE models is that the happiness increase in the years preceding birth and in the year of birth is somewhat stronger in the FE specification, and the decrease in post-birth decline is not quite as strong in the FE specification. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_easy_168 | And if you were like most high school students, what you wanted was to be cool -- and more specifically, for other cool kids to notice you were cool. | To the extent that pseudomature behavior supplants other, more positive, and adaptive ways of interacting with peers, it may leave teens less socially skilled and less competent in peer relationships. | And if you were like most high school students, what you wanted was to be cool -- and more specifically, for other cool kids to notice you were cool. Well, it turns out whoever doled out that advice was, in fact, right. None of this is necessarily new information, not to parents at least, but Joseph Allen, the leader of the new study, believes learning how teenagers come to manifest certain behaviors and express them over a long timeline, is helpful for teaching kids a safer way to be cool. | As peers grow from adolescence into adulthood and gain real maturity along the way, they are less likely to find pseudomature behavior in others attractive. To the extent that pseudomature behavior supplants other, more positive, and adaptive ways of interacting with peers, it may leave teens less socially skilled and less competent in peer relationships. This perspective suggests that the observed link between pseudomature behavior and popularity will fade as adolescence progresses and that reliance upon pseudomature behavior early in adolescence might ultimately predict lower levels of competence in social relationships in the longer term, although neither of these premises has ever been empirically tested. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/cool-kids-grow-be-adult-burnouts-how-early-popularity-can-kill-childs-future-287922 |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_easy_170 | The doctor still isn't supposed to suggest changing medication until they have you genetically tested again by an independent lab. | Among 14 medications, sertraline was the most commonly prescribed antidepressant for both treatment groups (18.9% in the guided treatment group and 16.2% in the treatment-as-usual group), and no significant differences were observed between groups in medication choice. | To win approval, the company had to run a demographically representative study proving that 97 percent of users understand that the test is not a medical recommendation, says 23andMe chief legal and regulatory officer Kathy Hibbs. The doctor still isn't supposed to suggest changing medication until they have you genetically tested again by an independent lab. "It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they're probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done, since confirmatory testing is expected anyway even if you got 23andMe," says Boadie Dunlop, an Emory University psychiatrist who researchers biological markers that predict responses to drug treatments. | Furthermore, those in the treatment-as-usual group were more likely to take sick leave (4% in the guided treatment group compared with 15% in the treatment-as-usual group; p=0.027), whereas the duration of sick leave was longer (7.7 days compared with 4.3 days; p=0.014) for the treatment-as-usual group. Among 14 medications, sertraline was the most commonly prescribed antidepressant for both treatment groups (18.9% in the guided treatment group and 16.2% in the treatment-as-usual group), and no significant differences were observed between groups in medication choice. Unlike many antidepressants, desvenlafaxine is metabolized by UGT1A1 rather than by CYP450 enzymes. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_easy_171 | "One of the most striking things about this study was that people weren't aware they were making these big mistakes," says Julie Golomb, co-author of the study and an associate professor of psychology at Ohio State's Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences. | The model estimated a significant in- | Even though their guesses were often way off, many of the distracted folks indicated that they had high confidence in their choice. "One of the most striking things about this study was that people weren't aware they were making these big mistakes," says Julie Golomb, co-author of the study and an associate professor of psychology at Ohio State's Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Her study's findings imply that visual distractions -- like the ones caused by the flash of a "new message" alert or a news update -- might distort a person's memory of an event or interaction without that person realizing it. | There was no difference in willingness to purchase the Groupon between participants in the demographically targeted and nontargeted conditions (F(1, 185) ¼ .35, p ¼ .56) (figure 1). The model estimated a significant in- , .0046-.1719), indicating that behavioral targeting increases purchase intentions for the advertised product through the recognition of the implied social label. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_172 | In other political contexts, such as the 2020 U.S. presidential election, fake news may create similar effects in voters' recollections of campaign events. | , impaired memory performance for original event details and misinformation endorsement. | "That the political orientation and cognitive-ability effects persisted... despite an explicit warning about possible fake news in the second part of the study suggests that these effects cannot simply be eliminated by encouraging stricter source monitoring," the authors conclude. In other political contexts, such as the 2020 U.S. presidential election, fake news may create similar effects in voters' recollections of campaign events. It's a problem that psychological scientists may be uniquely qualified to work on." | This holds about equally for both core measures of the misinformation effect (cf. , impaired memory performance for original event details and misinformation endorsement. Further, with respect to original event memory, the benefits of post-warnings in terms of improving misled performance clearly outweigh any costs in terms of reduced 0 1 2 3 | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_easy_173 | The researchers also made the observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. | Psychological problems were encountered in 4% of children aged < years at the time of operation, as compared with 0% among older children. | They found that regardless of cultural background circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers also made the observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. Risk was particularly high for infantile autism before the age of five, at least in epidemiology. | Among children operated for a variety of conditions, Levy noted a strong association between the age at operation and the frequency and severity of emotional sequelae. Psychological problems were encountered in 4% of children aged < years at the time of operation, as compared with 0% among older children. showed that even the youngest infants had full capacity for conscious perception, although their ability to express such perceptions had not yet developed. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.science20.com/news_articles/circumcision_linked_to_autism_study-152121 |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_174 | This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. | Moreover, happiness increases before birth, suggesting that the trajectories may capture not only the effect of the birth but also the broader process of childbearing, which may include partnership formation and quality. | "We find that the happiness gain around the time of childbirth attenuates with parity, being strongest for the first, lower for the second, and nonpositive for the third child," the sociologists report. This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby. | Consistent with existing work, we find that happiness increases in the years around the birth of a first child and then decreases to before-child levels. Moreover, happiness increases before birth, suggesting that the trajectories may capture not only the effect of the birth but also the broader process of childbearing, which may include partnership formation and quality. Sociodemographic factors strongly modify this pattern. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Psychology_easy_175 | The manufacturer, 23andMe, won FDA approval by being very careful not to overpromise what its test can do-- so careful that the approval highlights the limited usefulness of the test and how much we still don't know about this field of medicine. | Repeated-measures analysis of change in clinical scores over time revealed a significantly greater reduction of symptoms in the GeneSight-guided treatment group than in the treatment-as-usual group after 8 weeks (on the QIDS-C, p,0.001; on the HAM-D, p,0.001; on the Patient Health Questionnaire, p,0.002). | The manufacturer, 23andMe, won FDA approval by being very careful not to overpromise what its test can do-- so careful that the approval highlights the limited usefulness of the test and how much we still don't know about this field of medicine. The 23andMe test will tell consumers about 33 genetic variants that are associated with how well common drugs -- blood thinners like Plavix and Coumadin, for example -- work, but it's explicit that consumers should not change their medications based on these results. The test is only supposed to provide some potentially useful information that people can discuss with their doctor. | However, the short duration of the study, the lack of blinding to mitigate placebo effects, and the modest size of the cohort (N=51) are important limitations. Repeated-measures analysis of change in clinical scores over time revealed a significantly greater reduction of symptoms in the GeneSight-guided treatment group than in the treatment-as-usual group after 8 weeks (on the QIDS-C, p,0.001; on the HAM-D, p,0.001; on the Patient Health Questionnaire, p,0.002). Furthermore, there were significant group differences in the proportion of participants meeting criteria for categorical response (44.4% of the GeneSightguided group, compared with 23.7% the treatment-as-usual group; response was defined as a reduction $50% in QIDS-C score from baseline to endpoint) and remission (26.4% of the guided group, compared with 12.9% of the treatment-as-usual group) at 8 weeks (p=0.03). | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Psychology_easy_178 | It found that those who learned music experienced faster maturation in the brain's response to sound, and heightened sensitivity to details in sound. | Our results support the notion that the adolescent brain remains receptive to training, underscoring the importance of enrichment during teenage years. | It's for these reasons that musical training improves teens' development. It found that those who learned music experienced faster maturation in the brain's response to sound, and heightened sensitivity to details in sound. While all students showed improvement in language skills necessary for reading, it was those who underwent musical training that performed the best three years later. | These changes seem to benefit literacy skills: both groups improved in phonological awareness relative to the general population, but the music training group improved more compared with the active controls. Our results support the notion that the adolescent brain remains receptive to training, underscoring the importance of enrichment during teenage years. Both types of training required investment of time and effort and emphasized the development of self-discipline, dedication, and determination; however, only the music training targeted auditory function. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/taking-music-class-high-school-improves-teen-language-skills-may-boost-academic-344674 |
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.03.005 | Psychology_easy_179 | The campaign, centering on an emotional debate between two parties with deeply held convictions, turned out to be an ideal opportunity to study the effects of fake news. | better scrutiny of the post-event information), enhanced remembering, or both. | The campaign, centering on an emotional debate between two parties with deeply held convictions, turned out to be an ideal opportunity to study the effects of fake news. "[T]hey are likely to 'remember' scandals that reflect poorly on the opposing candidate." This meant that voters were relatively well informed about both sides. | If a pre-warning resulted in a reduced misinformation effect, this could be due to enhanced attention (e.g. better scrutiny of the post-event information), enhanced remembering, or both. Similarly, post-warnings immediately after presentation of misinformation could still affect its encoding and certainly its rehearsal. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40067995115&p=1pl&v=1&x=GnYhPhnViURXym3lXBtkaw |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_easy_182 | Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. | Our findings open new research questions. | Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources. Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. Older parents have better financial and education status than younger parents and are also less stressed after the birth of their children. | One cannot infer from our results that the set of control variables used in our regressions would effectively control for selection in some other context. Our findings open new research questions. These might explain why women anticipate a first birth more than men, with stronger happiness increases prior to and around the birth and a larger drop afterward. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm |
10.1080/14635240.2015.1029641 | Psychology_easy_183 | The key takeaway from this research, Benden said, is that school districts that put standing desks in classrooms may be able to address two problems at the same time: academic performance and childhood obesity. | The increase in BMI may be a result of the increasing sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents . | Benden said he was not surprised at the results of the study, given that previous research has shown that physical activity, even at low levels, may have beneficial effects on cognitive ability. Simply put, we think better on our feet than in our seat." The key takeaway from this research, Benden said, is that school districts that put standing desks in classrooms may be able to address two problems at the same time: academic performance and childhood obesity. | In 2009 -2010, obesity rates were as high as 16.9%, and rates for overweight children and adolescents aged 2 -19 were 31.8% (body mass index (BMI) $ 95th percentile and BMI $ 85th percentile based on age and gender norms, respectively) q 2015 Institute of Health Promotion and Education *Corresponding author. The increase in BMI may be a result of the increasing sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents . Although, there has been stabilization in the rate of increase each year, standards set by Healthy People 2010 were not reached (Services USDoHaH 2000) . | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150424121118.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1038/s41598-017-18902-w | Psychology_easy_185 | The greater amount of fluctuation in the movement of the individuals with autism was possibly related to the level of "noise" naturally produced by random neuron firings in the brain, for which neurotypical individuals seem to develop stronger compensation methods. | It is, however, questionable whether the visually smooth movement outputs, especially the speed profiles, are perfectly smooth with no fluctuations at all at shorter time scales, away from naked eye observations. | A lower score indicated a greater risk for autism, with numbers under a certain threshold corresponding to previous diagnosis of autism. The greater amount of fluctuation in the movement of the individuals with autism was possibly related to the level of "noise" naturally produced by random neuron firings in the brain, for which neurotypical individuals seem to develop stronger compensation methods. In each case, the movement-based diagnoses corresponded to these qualitative-based assessments, which are rarely in complete agreement. | The nervous system seems to have developed strategies to compensate for the different sources of all internal noise present. It is, however, questionable whether the visually smooth movement outputs, especially the speed profiles, are perfectly smooth with no fluctuations at all at shorter time scales, away from naked eye observations. This smoothing algorithm successfully filtered out the spurious electronic noise while preserving the detailed movement physiological information in the output, in particular in the local speed fluctuations. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/autism-movement-test-1656982-2/ |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_easy_186 | As a psychologist, I find this to be a frequent topic of conversation and debate with parents. | Finally, corporal punishment was associated with future physical perpetration of dating violence, even after controlling for demographic variables (ie, sex, ethnicity, age, parental education), as well as a history of childhood physical abuse. | Differences in opinions on spanking also differ across ethnic groups and educational backgrounds. As a psychologist, I find this to be a frequent topic of conversation and debate with parents. My preference is to encourage positive behavioral management and decrease the use of punishment. | Fourth, parent education (as a proxy for socioeconomic status) was linked to teen dating violence-specifically, that participants with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to perpetrate teen dating violence. Finally, corporal punishment was associated with future physical perpetration of dating violence, even after controlling for demographic variables (ie, sex, ethnicity, age, parental education), as well as a history of childhood physical abuse. The finding that childhood corporal punishment was linked to perpetration of dating violence even after controlling for covariates underscores the importance of corporal punishment when considering partner violence etiology. | [1] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32818256385&p=1pl&v=1&x=0ZAEkx105k29I5f3n6_nlQ |