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13046 | 12780755 | [
{
"id": "13047",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Short-term effects of prednisolone and dexamethasone on circulating concentrations of leptin and sex hormone-binding globulin in children being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia . OBJECTIVE Disturbances in body weight regulation are often encountered during glucocorticoid treatment and are associated with increased insulin resistance and truncal fat accumulation . Children were investigated who were receiving glucocorticoid treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( ALL ) . They were randomized to receive either prednisolone or dexamethasone as part of induction of remission . This randomization process provided a suitable opportunity to compare the effects of these two administered steroid on surrogate markers of adipocyte activity ( leptin ) and hyperinsulinaemia/insulin resistance ( SHBG ) . DESIGN AND PATIENTS Prospective study over 16 weeks of children randomized to receive prednisolone ( 40 mg/m2 ) or dexamethasone ( 6.5 mg/m2 ) as part of the MRC-ALL97/99 induction chemotherapy for ALL . Nineteen children ( 8 male , 11 female ) with a median age 5.9 years ( range 2.6-13 years ) were recruited into the study . Main outcome measures were body mass index ( BMI ) , serum leptin and sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG ) . RESULTS Glucocorticoid administration for 5 weeks resulted in significant ( P < 0.05 ) increases in BMI , leptin ( corrected for BMI ) and the leptin : SHBG ratio and lowering of SHBG . Dose for dose , dexamethasone was significantly more potent than prednisolone in altering these parameters . CONCLUSIONS Short-term glucocorticoid treatment has significant effects on BMI , leptin and SHBG . The leptin : SHBG ratio increase indicates that this may be a novel and sensitive biochemical marker of metabolic change . Our results suggest that glucocorticoid treatment regimens should be kept as short as possible to avoid possible detrimental effects associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1965
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13048",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13049",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13050",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glucocorticoid"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13051",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glucocorticoid"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13052",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13053",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13054",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13055",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13056",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"induction chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13058",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13059",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glucocorticoid"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13060",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"circulating concentrations of leptin and sex hormone-binding globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13061",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body mass index ( BMI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13062",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum leptin and sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1198,
1252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13063",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13064",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leptin ( corrected for BMI ) and the leptin : SHBG ratio and lowering of SHBG"
],
"offsets": [
[
1361,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13065",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13066",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13067",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Children"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13068",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( ALL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13069",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13070",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Nineteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1021,
1029
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13071",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13072",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13073",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
1043,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13074",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"11"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13075",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
1053,
1059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13076",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"5.9 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1089
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13077",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"2.6-13"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1104
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13078 | 12787235 | [
{
"id": "13079",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Changing Childbirth : a pilot project . OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of an adapted pilot Changing Childbirth initiative providing continuity of care by a group of known midwives with traditional maternity care . DESIGN Between-groups trial to compare levels of satisfaction and clinical outcomes for two groups of women , cared for either under this Changing Childbirth scheme or the traditional model of care . METHOD Of the 200 women who agreed to participate in the project , 100 were randomly allocated to the pilot scheme and 100 to the traditional care package . During the postpartum period , information was collected via a questionnaire about participants ' levels of satisfaction with a variety of aspects of care provided during the antenatal , delivery and postpartum periods . Data about clinical outcomes for the two groups were also obtained . RESULTS Women in the pilot group had significantly more continuity of care throughout each of the three periods , were generally more satisfied with their care , felt that they had more choice over a variety of aspects of care and experienced no compromise in clinical outcomes ( P = 0.05 or less in each case ) . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Many previous attempts to introduce the Changing Childbirth initiative have revealed significant problems , particularly with regard to the continuity of carer requirement . Taking account of local health care needs and existing provision , the present study adapted this concept to continuity of care . This did not apparently affect any of the guiding principles contained in the original document , and yet enhanced satisfaction . It would appear that the Changing Childbirth agenda can be adapted and integrated with local health care situations without sacrificing any of the overarching principles ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1809
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13080",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Changing Childbirth initiative providing continuity of care by a group of known midwives with traditional maternity care ."
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13081",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Changing Childbirth scheme or the traditional model of care"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13082",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"pilot scheme"
],
"offsets": [
[
519,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13083",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"traditional care package"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13084",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13085",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"continuity of care"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13086",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfied"
],
"offsets": [
[
998,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13087",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"more choice"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13088",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"variety of aspects of care"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13089",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"compromise"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13090 | 12790985 | [
{
"id": "13091",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Stapled mucosectomy for acute thrombosed circumferentially prolapsed piles : a prospective randomized comparison with conventional haemorrhoidectomy . OBJECTIVE Stapled mucosectomy has been developed as an alternative to conventional haemorrhoidectomy for the elective treatment of haemorrhoids , but has not been assessed in the emergency setting . The aim of this study was to compare this technique with a conventional procedure for acute thrombosed circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids . PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective randomized comparison of conventional Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy and stapled mucosectomy was carried out on 35 consecutive patients presenting with acute thrombosed circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids . Operative data , postoperative stay , pain assessment and persistent symptoms were compared at discharge and at 2 week and 6 week review . Additionally at 6 week review the time to return to work was recorded and an endoanal ultrasound was carried out . RESULTS Thirty patients were randomized and followed up for six weeks . Although postoperative stay and in-hospital analgesia were the same , patients from the stapled group reported significantly more pain at discharge . However , by 2 weeks the conventional group reported significantly higher pain scores particularly on passing stool . By this stage over half the stapled group patients reported no pain at all . More patients in the conventional group complained of persistent symptoms of pain , bleeding and discharge at 2 week and 6 week review with 20 % requiring readmission compared with none in the stapled group . The median return to work was significantly shorter for the stapled group ( 14 days vs 28 days , P < 0.05 ) . Although all patients claimed to be continent , two patients from each group had ultrasonic evidence of internal sphincter damage . CONCLUSION Stapled mucosectomy for acute thrombosed circumferential piles is feasible and may result in less pain , a more rapid resolution of symptoms and an earlier return to work compared with a conventional procedure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2086
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13092",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Stapled mucosectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13093",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional haemorrhoidectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13094",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13095",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"conventional Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy and stapled mucosectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13096",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endoanal ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13097",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"conventional group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1243,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13098",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Operative data"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13099",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13100",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13101",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"persistent symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
800,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13102",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"endoanal ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13103",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13104",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"in-hospital analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13105",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"higher pain scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1285,
1303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13106",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"no pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1396,
1403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13107",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"persistent symptoms of pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13108",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1497,
1505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13109",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"discharge"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
846
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13110",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median return to work was significantly shorter"
],
"offsets": [
[
1626,
1673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13111",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"internal sphincter damage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1836,
1861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13112",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"less pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1968,
1977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13113",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"35"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13114",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute thrombosed circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13115",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13116",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"stapled group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13117",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"conventional group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1243,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13118 | 12791549 | [
{
"id": "13119",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An exposure prevention rating method for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation . This article describes a new method for ( 1 ) systematically prioritizing needs for intervention on hazardous substance exposures in manufacturing work sites , and ( 2 ) evaluating intervention effectiveness . We developed a checklist containing six unique sets of yes/no variables organized in a 2 x 3 matrix of exposure potential versus protection ( two columns ) at the levels of materials , processes , and human interface ( three rows ) . The three levels correspond to a simplified hierarchy of controls . Each of the six sets of indicator variables was reduced to a high/moderate/low rating . Ratings from the matrix were then combined to generate a single overall exposure prevention rating for each area . Reflecting the hierarchy of controls , material factors were weighted highest , followed by process , and then human interface . The checklist was filled out by an industrial hygienist while conducting a walk-through inspection ( N = 131 manufacturing processes/areas in 17 large work sites ) . One area or process per manufacturing department was assessed and rated . Based on the resulting Exposure Prevention ratings , we concluded that exposures were well controlled in the majority of areas assessed ( 64 % with rating of 1 or 2 on a 6-point scale ) , that there is some room for improvement in 26 percent of areas ( rating of 3 or 4 ) , and that roughly 10 percent of the areas assessed are urgently in need of intervention ( rated as 5 or 6 ) . A second hygienist independently assessed a subset of areas to evaluate inter-rater reliability . The reliability of the overall exposure prevention ratings was excellent ( weighted kappa = 0.84 ) . The rating scheme has good discriminatory power and reliability and shows promise as a broadly applicable and inexpensive tool for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation . Validation studies are needed as a next step . This assessment method complements quantitative exposure assessment with an upstream prevention focus ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2110
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13120",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"exposure prevention rating method"
],
"offsets": [
[
3,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13121",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"checklist"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13122",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Exposure Prevention ratings"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13123",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"inter-rater reliability ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1641,
1666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13124",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reliability of the overall exposure prevention ratings"
],
"offsets": [
[
1671,
1725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13125",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"intervention on hazardous substance exposures in manufacturing work sites"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13126 | 12792318 | [
{
"id": "13127",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial of the canalith repositioning procedure . OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and complications of our adaptation of the canalith repositioning procedure ( CRP ) with the expectation treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo . STUDY DESIGN A randomized , controlled trial in the setting of a neurotological clinic in Thailand . METHODS Fifty-eight patients with posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups using a block of four . The treatment group was treated with the modified CRP technique until the nystagmus disappeared . A mastoid oscillator was not used , nor were any instructions given for patients after the maneuver . Both groups recorded the daily grading of symptoms and the amount of anti-vertiginous drugs ( cinnarizine ) taken . Objective and subjective assessments were made weekly until the nystagmus disappeared or until 4 weeks had passed since treatment began . RESULTS The rates of effectiveness of CRP treatment and the control treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were 75.9 % and 48.2 % , respectively . There was a significant difference in the treatment outcomes of the CRP and control groups ( P =.03 ) . The CRP group used significantly fewer drugs than the control group ( P =.001 ) . Complications in the CRP group , such as lateral canalithiasis and fainting , were observed in 13.8 % of the patients . CONCLUSIONS The CRP was more effective than the expectation treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo insofar as it provided faster recovery and required less dependence on medication . Complications of CRP were limited to 13.8 % of patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1690
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13128",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"canalith repositioning procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13129",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"canalith repositioning procedure ( CRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13130",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"modified CRP technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13131",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cinnarizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13132",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13133",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13134",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13135",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13136",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13137",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"CRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13138",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness and complications of our adaptation of the canalith repositioning procedure ( CRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13139",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"daily grading of symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13140",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amount of anti-vertiginous drugs ( cinnarizine ) taken"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13141",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Objective and subjective assessments"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13142",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nystagmus"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13143",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rates of effectiveness of CRP treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13144",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"used significantly fewer drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13145",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"lateral canalithiasis and fainting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1359,
1393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13146",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1579,
1587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13147",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"dependence on medication ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1606,
1632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1331
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13149 | 12793516 | [
{
"id": "13150",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Service variation in baseline variables and prediction of risk in a randomised controlled trial of psychological treatment in repeated parasuicide : the POPMACT Study . The treatment protocol and baseline characteristics of 480 subjects with a history of repeated parasuicide recruited in five centres to a randomised therapeutic trial of manual assisted cognitive-behaviour therapy ( MACT ) and treatment as usual ( TAU ) are described . Most patients had significant anxiety and depressive disturbance with 42 % having a personality disorder . Variation in service policies influenced recruitment , with earlier assessment centres seeing people with more frequent episodes of self-harm and greater parasuicide risk than later ones . Parasuicide risk was also significantly greater in those with their first parasuicide episode at an earlier age and in those with a more recent latest episode ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
895
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13151",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"psychological treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13152",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"manual assisted cognitive-behaviour therapy ( MACT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13153",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"treatment as usual ( TAU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13154",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13155",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depressive disturbance"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13156",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"episodes of self-harm"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13157",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parasuicide risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13158",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Parasuicide risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13159",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"480"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13160",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subjects with a history of repeated parasuicide"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13161",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Most patients had significant anxiety and depressive disturbance with 42 % having a personality disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13162 | 12804020 | [
{
"id": "13163",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety of an astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract : a randomized clinical trial . A growing body of scientific literature indicates that astaxanthin is a more powerful antioxidant than other carotenoids and vitamin E and may confer numerous health benefits . The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a human safety study with a Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract with high levels of astaxanthin . Thirty-five healthy adults age 35-69 years were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of 8 weeks ' duration . All participants took three gelcaps per day , one at each meal . Nineteen participants received gelcaps with an algal extract in safflower oil , containing 2 mg of astaxanthin each ( treatment ) ; 16 participants received gelcaps containing safflower oil only ( placebo ) . Blood pressure and blood chemistry tests , including a comprehensive metabolic panel and cell blood count , were conducted at the beginning of the trial and after 4 and 8 weeks of supplementation . No significant differences were detected between the treatment and the placebo groups after 8 weeks of supplementation with the algal extract in the parameters analyzed , except for serum calcium , total protein , and eosinophils ( P < .01 ) . Although the differences in these three parameters were statistically significant , they were very small and are of no clinical importance . These results reveal that 6 mg of astaxanthin per day from a H. pluvialis algal extract can be safely consumed by healthy adults ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1552
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract :"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"astaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13166",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract with high levels of astaxanthin ."
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13167",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gelcaps with an algal extract in safflower oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
661,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"astaxanthin"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13170",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"gelcaps containing safflower oil only ( placebo ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13171",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum calcium , total protein , and eosinophils"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13172",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safely"
],
"offsets": [
[
1517,
1523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13173",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Thirty-five healthy adults age 35-69 years were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of 8 weeks ' duration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13174 | 12810472 | [
{
"id": "13175",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of recurrent chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis . OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the long-term efficacy of intranasal furosemide , an inhibitor of the sodium chloride cotransporter channel at the basolateral surface of the respiratory epithelial cell , vs no therapeutic intervention vs intranasal mometasone furoate , a corticosteroid , in preventing relapses of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis . DESIGN Randomized prospective controlled study . Patients were examined every 6 months during follow-up ( range , 1-9 years ) . PATIENTS One hundred seventy patients with bilateral obstructive or minimally obstructive chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis . INTERVENTION All patients were surgically treated in the ENT Department , University of Siena Medical School . One month after surgery , group 1 patients ( n = 97 ) started treatment with intranasal furosemide , group 2 ( n = 40 ) received no therapeutic treatment , and group 3 ( n = 33 ) were treated with mometasone . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and instrumental evaluation of postoperative outcomes . RESULTS Seventeen ( 17.5 % ) of 97 patients in group 1 , 12 ( 30.0 % ) of 40 patients in group 2 , and 8 ( 24.2 % ) of 33 patients in group 3 experienced nasal polyposis relapses . We noted a prevalence of early-stage relapse in patients treated with furosemide or mometasone , whereas patients who did not receive any treatment experienced more severe grades of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis ( P < .005 ) . CONCLUSION Use of intranasal furosemide represents a valid therapeutic treatment in the prevention of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1704
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13176",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13177",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no therapeutic intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13178",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mometasone furoate , a corticosteroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13179",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intranasal furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13180",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"received no therapeutic treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13181",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mometasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13182",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13183",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mometasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
319,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13184",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"furosemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13185",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nasal polyposis relapses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1273,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13186",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"early-stage relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13187",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"grades of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1472,
1533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13188",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"recurrent chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13189",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"One hundred seventy patients with bilateral obstructive or minimally obstructive chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13190 | 12813449 | [
{
"id": "13191",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Recombinant human thrombopoietin augments mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells for autologous transplantation . This study assessed the ability of various schedules of recombinant human thrombopoietin ( rhTPO ) to enhance mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells ( PBPCs ) in 134 patients with cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBPC transplantation . Patients received the study drug on days 1 , 3 , and 5 before initiation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) 10 microg/kg/day on day 5 and pheresis starting on day 9 . Randomly assigned treatments on days 1 , 3 , and 5 were : group 1 ( n=27 ) placebo , placebo , rhTPO 1.5 microg/kg ; group 2 ( n=27 ) rhTPO 1.5 microg/kg , placebo , placebo ; groups 3 ( n=28 ) and 4 ( n=22 ) rhTPO 0.5 microg/kg on all 3 treatment days ; and group 5 ( n=30 ) placebo on all 3 treatment days . After high-dose chemotherapy and PBPC transplantation , groups 1 through 4 received rhTPO 1.5 microg/kg days 0 , +2 , +4 , and +6 with either G-CSF 5 microg/kg/day ( groups 1-3 ) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 250 microg/m ( 2 ) /day ( group 4 ) . Group 5 received placebo plus G-CSF 5 microg/kg/day . The addition of rhTPO to G-CSF increased median CD34+ cell yield/pheresis in cohorts in which rhTPO was started before day 5 , with higher yields in groups 2 ( 2.67 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ) and groups 3 and 4 ( 3.10 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ) than in group 1 ( 1.86 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ) or group 5 ( 1.65 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ) ( P=.006 across groups ) . Comparing rhTPO to placebo , higher percentages of patients achieved the minimum yield of CD34+ > or =2 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ( 92 % v 75 % ; P=.050 ) as well as the target yield of CD34+ > or =5 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg ( 73 % v 46 % ; P= .041 ) . rhTPO-treated patients required fewer phereses to achieve minimum ( P= .011 ) and target ( P= .015 ) CD34+ cell values . rhTPO given after transplantation did not speed platelet recovery . No neutralizing antibodies were observed . We conclude that rhTPO can safely enhance mobilization of PBPC , reduce the number of leukapheresis , and allow more patients to meet minimal cell yield requirements to receive high-dose chemotherapy with PBPC transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2229
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Recombinant human thrombopoietin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13193",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human thrombopoietin ( rhTPO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13194",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo , placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13195",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13196",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"high-dose chemotherapy and PBPC transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
894,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13197",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13198",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13200",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13201",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13202",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"rhTPO-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1770,
1783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13203",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13204",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rhTPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13205",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13206",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PBPC transplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13207",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood progenitor cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13208",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median CD34+ cell yield/pheresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1252,
1284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13209",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minimum yield of CD34+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1611,
1633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13210",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD34+ cell values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1871,
1888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13211",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1939,
1956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13212",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PBPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13213",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukapheresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2088,
2101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13214",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autologous transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13215",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"134"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13216",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
316,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13217 | 12814457 | [
{
"id": "13218",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A proof of concept study to evaluate putative benefits of montelukast in moderate persistent asthmatics . AIMS Whether chronic dosing with montelukast confers benefit in patients with moderate to severe asthma remains to be fully established . A proof of concept study was performed evaluating putative benefits with montelukast in moderate persistent asthmatics who were taken off inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) and switched to salmeterol . The latter was done to dissociate the effects of montelukast from ICS . METHODS Twenty moderate to severe persistent asthmatics completed a randomized double-blind crossover study . Subjects received montelukast 10 mg daily or placebo for 2 weeks each . This was preceded by a 2-week run-in when ICS were discontinued and salmeterol started , and used on a regular basis throughout the study . Measurements were made after run-in and after both randomized treatments . RESULTS There were no significant sequence effects for responses as to whether placebo or montelukast were given first or second . Methacholine PD20 values after run-in , first and second placebo were 63 micro g , 60 micro g and 64 micro g , respectively ( corresponding to 2 , 4 and 6 weeks of ICS washout , respectively ) . Lung function deteriorated pre vs post run-in , which was significant ( P < 0.05 ) for FEF25-75 % predicted . Montelukast conferred significant ( P < 0.05 ) improvements as change from post run-in compared with placebo in methacholine PD20 , FEV1 % predicted , FEF25-75 % predicted , diurnal peak expiratory flow , symptoms and salbutamol use . For the primary outcome of methacholine PD20 , this amounted to a 1.6-fold difference ( 95 % CI 1.1 , 2.5 ) . CONCLUSIONS In moderate persistent asthmatics switched from taking ICS to salmeterol alone , adding montelukast conferred significant benefits on all parameters of asthma control . Further studies are indicated to evaluate whether montelukast exhibits additive effects to ICS/long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist combination inhalers upon clinically important outcomes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2065
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13219",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13220",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13221",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13222",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13223",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13224",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast 10 mg daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13225",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ICS"
],
"offsets": [
[
408,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13226",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13227",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13229",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13230",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
677
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salmeterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13232",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13233",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13234",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"putative benefits"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13235",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sequence effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
946,
962
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13236",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Methacholine PD20 values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1043,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13237",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Lung function deteriorated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1238,
1264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13238",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1480,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13239",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEF25-75"
],
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13240",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diurnal peak expiratory flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1522,
1550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13241",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1553,
1561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13242",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"salbutamol use"
],
"offsets": [
[
1566,
1580
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13243",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate persistent asthmatics"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13244",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with moderate to severe asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13245",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13246",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate to severe persistent asthmatics"
],
"offsets": [
[
530,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13247 | 12816740 | [
{
"id": "13248",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Antiinflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor cilomilast ( Ariflo ) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Cilomilast ( Ariflo ) , a new oral phosphodiesterase-4 selective inhibitor , improves lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . We have evaluated its antiinflammatory effects in 59 patients with COPD randomized to receive cilomilast , 15 mg two times a day , or placebo for 12 weeks . Induced sputum differential cell counts were obtained at baseline and at five further visits . Interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase were measured in sputum supernatant . Bronchial biopsies obtained at baseline and at Week 10 were immunostained and counted for neutrophils , CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets , and CD68+ macrophages . Cells expressing the genes for interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were identified by in situ hybridization and quantified . Compared with placebo , analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) of the change from baseline showed that cilomilast did not alter any sputum endpoint or FEV1 . However , bronchial biopsies demonstrated that cilomilast treatment was associated with reductions in CD8+ ( p = 0.001 ; ANOVA ) and CD68+ cells ( p < 0.05 ; ANOVA ) . In addition , by Poisson analysis , comparison of cell counts analyzed as a ratio of active to placebo demonstrated reductions of CD8+ ( 48 % p < 0.01 ) and CD68+ ( 47 % p = 0.001 ) cells . This is the first demonstration of reduction by any agent of airway tissue inflammatory cells characteristic of COPD . Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors represent a promising new class of substances for use in antiinflammatory treatment of this disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1666
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13249",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor cilomilast ( Ariflo )"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13250",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cilomilast ( Ariflo )"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13251",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral phosphodiesterase-4 selective inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13252",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cilomilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13253",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
413,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13254",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cilomilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13255",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cilomilast"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13256",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
1534,
1564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13257",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Antiinflammatory effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13258",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lung function"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13259",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiinflammatory effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
301,
325
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13260",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Induced sputum differential cell counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13261",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
568
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13262",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutrophils , CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets , and CD68+ macrophages"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13263",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"genes for interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13264",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum endpoint or FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1031,
1054
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13265",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions in CD8+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1145,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13266",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD68+ cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13267",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions of CD8+"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13268",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD68+"
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13269",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"airway tissue inflammatory cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
1476,
1508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13270",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13271",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"59"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13272",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13273 | 1282182 | [
{
"id": "13274",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prevention of coronary spasm by nicorandil : comparison with nifedipine . The efficacy of nicorandil was compared with that of nifedipine in 13 patients with vasospastic angina enrolled in a randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . All patients had a coronary spasm during coronary arteriography , either spontaneously or ergometrine-induced . During two consecutive periods of 2 days , patients received active drugs or placebo in a randomized order . Each patient received single oral doses of 30 mg nicorandil , 10 mg nifedipine , and , on 2 days , a placebo . One hour after drug intake , patients underwent an ergometrine test with increasing doses of Methergin ( ergometrine ) ( 0.05 , 0.10 , 0.20 , and 0.40 mg every 5 min ) . After placebo , the tests always were positive , and the ECG changes occurred at the same +/- 1 dose of ergometrine in 10 cases , showing good reproducibility . After nicorandil , the tests were negative in nine patients and positive for a higher or lower dose of ergometrine in three and one patient , respectively ( p = 0.0034 vs. placebo ) . After nifedipine , the tests were negative in five patients and positive for a higher or the same dose of ergometrine in four and four patients , respectively ( p = 0.0039 vs. placebo ) . Nifedipine ( 10 mg ) and nicorandil ( 30 mg ) were equally effective in eight patients ; in the remaining five patients , nicorandil had better results ( p = 0.06 ) . Nicorandil ( 30 mg ) prevents ergometrine-induced coronary spasm . This compound may be beneficial in patients with vasospastic angina ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1581
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13275",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nicorandil :"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13276",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13277",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nicorandil"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13278",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13279",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13280",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"active drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
416,
428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13281",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13282",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nicorandil"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13283",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methergin ( ergometrine )"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
693
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ergometrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nicorandil"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ergometrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13292",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ergometrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13294",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13295",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nicorandil"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13296",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Nicorandil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1445,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13297",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ECG changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ergometrine-induced coronary spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1475,
1509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13299",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vasospastic angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13300",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13301",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
141,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13302",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vasospastic angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13303",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary spasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13304",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary arteriography"
],
"offsets": [
[
284,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13305",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vasospastic angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13306 | 12823122 | [
{
"id": "13307",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of asthma knowledge and quality of life in Hungarian asthmatics . BACKGROUND The objective was to develop an educational instrument , to assess its impact as an intervention instrument and to examine quality of life ( QoL ) . METHODS 119 asthmatics were randomized ( 64 in the intervention and 55 in the reference group ) . The education instrument was developed based on the EuroPharm-Forum Guidelines and its impact assessed by a self-developed questionnaire . Patients ' QoL , asthma knowledge was assessed twice , once before and after the education seminar , education was only provided for the intervention group . QoL was measured with the St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) . RESULTS We found significant differences in answers to the asthma questions , by 40 % improvement , but no changes in the control group . In inhaler-use technique , we could not find significant changes neither in the intervention nor in the control group . There were no significant differences between the results of the two visits neither with the VAS nor with the SGRQ on the QoL data . CONCLUSION The results indicate that asthmatics experience lower QoL . As the subjects were regularly controlled asthmatics they had better general knowledge and inhaler-use technique was expected . The results suggest that it is necessary to regularly refresh asthma knowledge , to assess patients ' self-management plans to achieve long-term effectiveness of asthma management ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1515
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13308",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational instrument"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13309",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"reference"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13310",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"education instrument"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13311",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"education seminar"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13312",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"QoL"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13313",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
705
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13314",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"visual analogue scale ( VAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13315",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"VAS"
],
"offsets": [
[
736,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13316",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"SGRQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13317",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"QoL data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13318",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"QoL"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13319",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthmatics"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13320",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"119"
],
"offsets": [
[
245,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13321 | 12823129 | [
{
"id": "13322",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The prevalence of IgE sensitization to formaldehyde in asthmatic children . BACKGROUND Formaldehyde ( FA ) is well documented as a cause of occupational asthma . Recently , attention has been paid to FA as an allergen and a pollutant that enhances allergic sensitization . We have investigated the prevalence of FA-specific IgE in asthmatic children and the correlation between IgE sensitization to FA and the severity of asthma . METHODS One hundred and fifty-five children were investigated , 122 of them asthmatic and 33 nonallergic . Specific IgE against FA was measured by CAP RAST . In addition , the patients answered a questionnaire , containing questions on clinical features of their asthma , their living conditions , and symptoms of mucosal irritation . RESULTS Of all the subjects assessed , FA-specific IgE was detected in only two asthmatics , and their IgE levels of FA were low ( 0.42 and 0.46 UA/ml ) . One of the two patients with FA-specific IgE had severe asthma and frequent symptoms of mucosal irritation , but the other had mild asthma and only rare symptoms of mucosal irritation . CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of IgE sensitization to FA appears very low in Japanese children , whether or not they have asthma . Therefore , it appears likely that FA is not one of the major allergens causing childhood asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1333
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13323",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Formaldehyde"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FA"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13325",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"CAP RAST"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13326",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13327",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"occupational asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13328",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"enhances allergic sensitization ."
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13329",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity of asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13330",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Specific IgE against FA"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13331",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FA-specific IgE"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13332",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"severe asthma and frequent symptoms of mucosal irritation"
],
"offsets": [
[
970,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13333",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"mild asthma and only rare symptoms of mucosal irritation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13334",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IgE sensitization"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13335",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthmatic"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13336",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthmatic"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13337 | 12824973 | [
{
"id": "13338",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized clinical trial of treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant anovulation with the use of oral contraceptive pill suppression and repeat clomiphene citrate treatment . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and endocrine response of oral contraceptive ovarian suppression followed by clomiphene citrate in patients who previously were clomiphene citrate resistant . STUDY DESIGN Forty-eight patients from a private tertiary infertility clinic were assigned randomly prospectively to either group 1 ( oral contraceptive/clomiphene citrate ) , which received continuous oral contraceptives followed by clomiphene citrate , or to group 2 ( control ) received no treatment in the cycle before clomiphene citrate treatment . On day 3 , 17 beta-estradiol , follicle-stimulating hormone , luteinizing hormone , and androgens were assayed before and after treatment . Follicle growth , ovulation , and pregnancy were evaluated . The Student t test and analysis of variance were used for statistical significance . RESULTS The oral contraceptive/clomiphene citrate group had a significantly higher percentage of patients who ovulated and of ovulatory cycles and pregnancies . Significantly lower levels of 17 beta-estradiol , luteinizing hormone , and androgen levels were seen in the oral contraceptive/clomiphene citrate group , with no significant changes in group 2 . CONCLUSION Suppression of the ovary with oral contraceptives results in excellent rates of ovulation and pregnancy in patients who previously were resistant to clomiphene citrate . The decreases in ovarian androgens , luteinizing hormone , and 17 beta-estradiol may be responsible for the improved response ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1713
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13339",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13340",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomiphene citrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13341",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomiphene citrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13342",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"group 2 ( control ) received"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13343",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no treatment in the cycle before clomiphene citrate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
698,
759
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13344",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomiphene citrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13345",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effectiveness"
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endocrine response"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13347",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"17 beta-estradiol , follicle-stimulating hormone , luteinizing hormone , and androgens"
],
"offsets": [
[
773,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Follicle growth , ovulation , and pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13349",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Student t test and analysis of variance"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
1006
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13350",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"percentage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13351",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ovulated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13352",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ovulatory cycles and pregnancies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1174,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13353",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"17 beta-estradiol , luteinizing hormone , and androgen levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1239,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13354",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients who previously were clomiphene citrate resistant ."
],
"offsets": [
[
348,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13355 | 12830748 | [
{
"id": "13356",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Clinic visit and waiting : patient education and satisfaction . Patients who were taught about their health problems while waiting in the clinic ( n = 104 ) were significantly more satisfied with the education received during that visit than the control group ( n = 101 ) . The longer patients waited in the clinic to see their providers , the less satisfied they were with the clinic visit ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
392
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13357",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient education"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13358",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Patients who were taught about their health problems while waiting in the clinic"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13359",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13360",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patient education"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13361",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13362",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfied with the education"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13363",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfied"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13364",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"health problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13365",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"104"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13366",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"101"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13367 | 12834936 | [
{
"id": "13368",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor . OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of tramadol and pethidine in labor . METHOD Fifty-nine full term parturients were randomly assigned to one of two groups in active labor . Group 1 received 100 mg pethidine ; group 2 , 100 mg tramadol , intramuscularly . Analgesic efficacy , maternal side effects , changes in the blood pressure , heart rate , and duration of labor were assessed . RESULT At 30 and 60 min after drug administration , pain relief was greater in the pethidine group than in tramadol group . The incidence of nausea and fatigue was higher in the tramadol group . Following drug administration the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the increase in heart rate were statistically significant in both groups . No significant difference was found between the groups when compared for duration of labor and Apgar scores . None of the neonates developed respiratory depression . CONCLUSION Pethidine seems to be a better alternative than tramadol in obstetric analgesia because of its superiority in analgesic efficacy and low incidence of maternal side effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1191
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pethidine versus tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13370",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13371",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pethidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pethidine ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
297,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13373",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pethidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13377",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pethidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tramadol"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13379",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgesic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13380",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13381",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Analgesic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13382",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"maternal side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13383",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes in the blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13384",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13385",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of labor"
],
"offsets": [
[
449,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13386",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13387",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea and fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13388",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13389",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13390",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of labor and Apgar scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
914,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13391",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13392",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgesic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13393",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"maternal side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13394",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pain relief during labor ."
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13395",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13396",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"active labor"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13397 | 12839657 | [
{
"id": "13398",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Long term observation in effects of potassium and calcium supplementation on arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure ] . OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of potassium and calcium supplementation in table salt on reduction of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure . METHODS A single blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out for two years in 220 adolescents with higher blood pressure , aged 18 - 22 years , who were randomly divided into supplementary group ( n = 110 ) and control group ( n = 110 ) . Each of the subjects in the supplementary group and their family members was given 10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt daily for 24 months . RESULTS Night urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased ( urinary Na ( + ) , P < 0.05 ; urinary K ( + ) , P < 0.01 ) and blood pressure lowered by 5.3 mm Hg/1.8 mm Hg in average from the baseline in the supplementary group two years after potassium and calcium supplementation , as compared with that in the control group increased by ( 1.3/1.7 ) mm Hg . CONCLUSIONS Adequate supplement of potassium and calcium in daily table salt intake was an effective way to prevent form hypertension and could promote their urinary sodium excretion and reduction of arterial blood pressure in adolescents with higher blood pressure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1415
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13399",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"potassium and calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13400",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"potassium and calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13401",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13402",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13403",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"potassium and calcium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13404",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplement of potassium and calcium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13405",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sodium metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sodium metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Night urinary sodium and potassium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
794,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13410",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure lowered"
],
"offsets": [
[
914,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13411",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"form hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
1264,
1281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13412",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1306,
1330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13413",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction of arterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13414",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"adolescents with higher blood pressure ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13415 | 12844138 | [
{
"id": "13416",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of 2 weeks of theophylline on glucose counterregulation in patients with type 1 diabetes and unawareness of hypoglycemia . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A single dose of theophylline improves hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetic patients . Prolonged theophylline use is , however , associated with emergence of tolerance . This study investigated whether prolonged use of theophylline retains efficacy for counterregulatory defects in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness . METHODS Experiments were performed with 12 subjects with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness . All subjects participated in a crossover study of 2 randomly scheduled 15-day study periods during which 250 mg theophylline twice daily or matching placebo was used . On the final day of each period , hyperinsulinemic ( 360 pmol x m ( -2 ) x min ( -1 ) ) hypoglycemic ( 5.0 , 3.5 , 2.5 mmol x L ( -1 ) ) glucose clamps were used to assess counterregulatory and cardiovascular responses . RESULTS Under normoglycemic conditions , there were no differences between theophylline and placebo . Under hypoglycemic conditions , theophylline enhanced responses of growth hormone , symptoms , heart rate , and pulse pressure ( all P < .05 ) , induced sweating at higher plasma glucose levels ( P =.039 ) , and reduced exogenous glucose requirements ( P =.018 ) . Hypoglycemia-induced responses of epinephrine , norepinephrine , and cortisol were not enhanced by theophylline . CONCLUSIONS Prolonged use of theophylline has a sustained effect on cardiovascular , metabolic , and symptom responses to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia unawareness . Whether these results translate into clinical benefit remains to be determined ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1758
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"250 mg theophylline twice daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
714,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13418",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"matching placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13419",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"counterregulatory and cardiovascular responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13420",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glucose counterregulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13421",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"counterregulatory defects"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13422",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"counterregulatory and cardiovascular responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13423",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"growth hormone , symptoms , heart rate , and pulse pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1167,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13424",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"induced sweating at higher plasma glucose levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1245,
1293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13425",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduced exogenous glucose requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13426",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular , metabolic , and symptom responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1547,
1597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13427",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 1 diabetic patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13428",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 1 diabetes"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13429",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypoglycemia unawareness"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13430",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12 subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
545,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13431",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13432 | 12844393 | [
{
"id": "13433",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of enterostatin intake on food intake and energy expenditure . Enterostatin ( ENT ) has been found to inhibit food intake and selectively inhibit fat intake in rats . Both peripheral and central mechanisms have been proposed . It also has been suggested that ENT may increase thermogenesis . The present study investigated the effects of oral ENT administration on food intake , energy expenditure and body weight in subjects with a preference for a high-fat diet . In a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized and crossover design , nine female and three male healthy subjects ( age 34 ( sd 11 ) years , BMI 24.5 ( sd 2.5 ) kg/m ( 2 ) ) with a preference for a high-fat diet ingested ENT ( 3 x 15 mg/d ) or placebo ( PLA ) while consuming a high-fat diet ad libitum for 4 d. Eight subjects ended each intervention with a 36 h stay in the respiration chamber , continuing the diet and treatment . Body-weight loss was significant ( ENT 0.8 ( se 0.3 ) kg , P < 0.05 ; PLA 1.3 ( se 0.3 ) kg , P < 0.001 ) , but not different between treatments . There was no difference between treatments in total energy intake ( ENT 37.1 ( se 2.6 ) , PLA 35.9 ( se 3.2 ) MJ ) , macronutrient composition , hunger , satiety and hedonic scores during the 4 d high-fat diet . Energy expenditure ( 24 h ) ( ENT 9.6 ( se 0.4 ) , PLA 9.5 ( se 0.4 ) MJ ) , sleeping and resting metabolic rate , diet-induced thermogenesis , activity-induced energy expenditure and 24 h RQ ( ENT 0.77 ( se 0.01 ) , PLA 0.77 ( se 0.01 ) ) were similar for both treatments . We conclude that oral ENT administration did not affect food intake , energy expenditure or body weight in subjects with a preference for a high-fat diet experiencing a negative energy and fat balance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1752
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enterostatin intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13435",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Enterostatin ( ENT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13436",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13437",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13438",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
498,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13439",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"high-fat diet ingested ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13440",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo ( PLA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
727,
742
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13441",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"consuming a high-fat diet ad libitum"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13442",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13443",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"PLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13444",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13445",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"PLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13446",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13447",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"PLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13448",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13449",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"PLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13450",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ENT"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13451",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"food intake and energy expenditure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13452",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"food intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13453",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Body-weight loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
916,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13456",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total energy intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13457",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"macronutrient composition , hunger , satiety and hedonic scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1180,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13458",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1275,
1293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13459",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleeping and resting metabolic rate , diet-induced thermogenesis , activity-induced energy expenditure and 24 h RQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13460",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"food intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13461",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13462",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13463",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fat intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13464",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"rats"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13465",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subjects with a preference for a high-fat diet ."
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13466",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13467",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13468",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"three"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13469",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13470",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"age 34 ( sd 11 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
599,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13471 | 12850861 | [
{
"id": "13472",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Alendronate daily , weekly in conventional tablets and weekly in enteric tablets : preliminary study on the effects in bone turnover markers and incidence of side effects . Bisphosphonates are now in the vanguard of osteoporosis treatment . Frequently , gastro-oesophageal symptoms are associated with these drugs . The objective of this study was to compare side effects and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women who had received alendronate daily or weekly in tablets with or without enteric coating . We conducted a randomised , double-blind , 3-month trial . The trial involved 75 volunteers , aged 45-58 with moderate to severe osteopenia ( T-score lower than -2 SD ) assessed by quantitative ultrasound . Women were assigned randomly to receive : ( a ) alendronate 10mg/day : ( b ) alendronate 70 mg once a week : or ( c ) enteric alendronate 70 mg per week . We recorded side effects , C-telopeptide , osteocalcin and urine hydroxyproline at the start of the study and at 3 months . After 3 months , pyrosis ( heartburn ) was noted by seven women in group A ( 28 % ) , three in group B ( 12 % ) and two in group C ( 8 % ) ; nausea : by one woman in group B ; and headache by one patient in each group . C-telopeptide ( A : 40.7 % ; B : 34.1 % and C : 38.5 % ) ; hydroxyproline ( A : 31.1 % ; B : 25.3 % and C : 31.5 % ) and osteocalcin ( A : 27.0 % ; B : 25.4 % and C : 25.1 % ) decreased similarly in the three groups . Weekly intake of alendronate , whether conventional or enteric-coated ; is associated with less heartburn and nausea . Enteric alendronate has a similar action to the conventional tablets on biochemical markers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1648
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Alendronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13474",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Bisphosphonates"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alendronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13476",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alendronate 10mg/day"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
787
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13477",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alendronate 70 mg once a week :"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13478",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enteric alendronate 70 mg per week"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13479",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alendronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13480",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Enteric alendronate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1555,
1574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13481",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone turnover markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13482",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13483",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13484",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C-telopeptide"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13485",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"osteocalcin"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
928
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13486",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urine hydroxyproline"
],
"offsets": [
[
933,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pyrosis ( heartburn )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13489",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13490",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C-telopeptide"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13491",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hydroxyproline"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13492",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"osteocalcin"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
928
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13493",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heartburn and nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1532,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13494",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"biochemical markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1627,
1646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13495",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postmenopausal women who had received alendronate daily or weekly in tablets with or without enteric coating ."
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13496",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"75 volunteers"
],
"offsets": [
[
590,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13497",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13498",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 45-58"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13499",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with moderate to severe osteopenia ( T-score lower than -2 SD ) assessed by quantitative ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13500 | 12855087 | [
{
"id": "13501",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Virtual reality intervention for older women with breast cancer . This study examined the effects of a virtual reality distraction intervention on chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in 16 women aged 50 and older . A cross-over design was used to answer the following research questions : ( 1 ) Is virtual reality an effective distraction intervention for reducing chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels in older women with breast cancer ? ( 2 ) Does virtual reality have a lasting effect ? Chemotherapy treatments are intensive and difficult to endure . One way to cope with chemotherapy-related symptom distress is through the use of distraction . For this study , a head-mounted display ( Sony PC Glasstron PLM - S700 ) was used to display encompassing images and block competing stimuli during chemotherapy infusions . The Symptom Distress Scale ( SDS ) , Revised Piper Fatigue Scale ( PFS ) , and the State Anxiety Inventory ( SAI ) were used to measure symptom distress . For two matched chemotherapy treatments , one pre-test and two post-test measures were employed . Participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment and received no distraction intervention ( control condition ) during an alternate chemotherapy treatment . Analysis using paired t-tests demonstrated a significant decrease in the SAI ( p = 0.10 ) scores immediately following chemotherapy treatments when participants used VR . No significant changes were found in SDS or PFS values . There was a consistent trend toward improved symptoms on all measures 48 h following completion of chemotherapy . Evaluation of the intervention indicated that women thought the head mounted device was easy to use , they experienced no cybersickness , and 100 % would use VR again ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1822
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13502",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Virtual reality intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13503",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"virtual reality distraction intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13504",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"virtual reality"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13505",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"a head-mounted display ( Sony PC Glasstron PLM - S700 ) was used to display encompassing images and block competing stimuli during chemotherapy infusions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13506",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13507",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no distraction intervention ( control condition )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Symptom Distress Scale ( SDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13510",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Revised Piper Fatigue Scale ( PFS ) ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13511",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"State Anxiety Inventory ( SAI"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13512",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"decrease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13513",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"SAI"
],
"offsets": [
[
947,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13514",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13515",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
908
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13516",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improved symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cybersickness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1776,
1789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13518",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"older"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13519",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13520",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13521",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13522",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13523",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"50 and older"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13524",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"older"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13525",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13526",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13527 | 1286738 | [
{
"id": "13528",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparative study of a new food supplement , ViviScal , with fish extract for the treatment of hereditary androgenic alopecia in young males . A controlled , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group study compared the effects of ViviScal ( a new food supplement incorporating special marine extracts and a silica compound ) with those of a fish extract in the treatment of young males with hereditary androgenic alopecia . The pretreatment histological diagnosis was alopecia with a mild to moderate perifollicular inflammation zone . The study consisted of 20 subjects who received two tablets of ViviScal once daily and 20 who received two tablets of fish extract once daily for 6 months . The mean patient age and mean duration and severity of baldness compared well between the two groups . Most patients had been treated with long-term topical 2 % minoxidil for 1 year or more prior to the study . At baseline and after 6 months ' treatment , a biopsy was taken for histological examination . A non-vellus hair count was performed at baseline and after 2 , 4 and 6 months . In the fish extract treatment group three patients withdrew from the study before the fourth month due to lack of therapeutic effect . After 6 months ' treatment , patients receiving ViviScal showed a mean increase in non-vellus hair of 38 % compared with a 2 % increase in the fish extract treatment group ( P < 0.0001 ) . In the ViviScal group , 19 ( 95 % ) subjects showed both clinical and histological cure , whereas none treated with fish extract showed any clinical or histological difference after 6 months ' treatment ( P < 0.0001 ) . In both groups , a minimal decrease in the erythemal index was observed . In conclusion , ViviScal appears to be the first highly active treatment for androgenic alopecia in young males ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1814
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ViviScal , with fish extract"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ViviScal ( a new food supplement incorporating special marine extracts and a silica compound )"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13531",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"fish extract"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13532",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"two tablets of ViviScal once daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
621
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13533",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"two tablets of fish extract once daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13534",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"minoxidil"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13535",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish extract"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13536",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ViviScal"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13537",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish extract"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ViviScal"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13539",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ViviScal"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13540",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"non-vellus hair count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13541",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lack of therapeutic effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1189,
1215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13542",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean increase in non-vellus hair"
],
"offsets": [
[
1284,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13543",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"both clinical and histological cure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1459,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13544",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"erythemal index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1670,
1685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13545",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hereditary androgenic alopecia"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13546",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13547",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13548",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13549",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13550",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"androgenic alopecia"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13551",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"alopecia"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13552",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13553",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
564
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13554",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"three"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1124
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13555 | 12872081 | [
{
"id": "13556",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A prospective randomized trial of two different endoscopic resection techniques for early stage cancer of the esophagus . BACKGROUND A variety of different endoscopic resection techniques for early stage cancer of the upper GI tract have been described that are more effective than strip biopsy . However , there is no report of a prospective randomized comparison of different techniques . METHODS In a prospective randomized study , 100 consecutive endoscopic resections were performed in 72 patients with early stage esophageal cancer . Fifty endoscopic resections were performed with a \" suck-and-ligate \" device without prior submucosa injection and 50 with the cap technique with prior submucosa injection of a dilute saline solution of epinephrine . The main assessment criteria were maximum diameter of the resection specimen and of the resection area , and the complication rate . RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the maximum diameters and calculated area of the resected specimens ( ligation group : 16.4 [ 4.0 ] x 11 [ 3.1 ] mm/185 [ 84 ] mm ( 2 ) vs. cap group : 15.5 [ 4.1 ] x 10.7 [ 2.7 ] mm/168 [ 83 ] mm ( 2 ) ) , or the maximum diameters and calculated area of the endoscopic resection ulcers after 24 hours ( ligation group : 20.6 [ 4.8 ] x 14.3 [ 4.5 ] mm/314 [ 160 ] mm ( 2 ) vs. cap group : 18.9 [ 5.1 ] x 12.9 [ 3.8 ] mm/260 [ 145 ] mm ( 2 ) ) . There was only a slight advantage ( greater diameter of resection specimens ) for the ligation group in patients who had prior endoscopic treatment . There was one minor episode of bleeding in each group ; there was no severe complication . In 41 of 72 patients ( 57 % ) , further endoscopic therapy after endoscopic resection was necessary because of residual neoplasia at the first follow-up endoscopy after resection ( 61 of 100 resection specimens [ 61 % ] had lateral margins that could not be evaluated because of coagulation artifact or contained malignancy but with the base of the lesion free of tumor ) . CONCLUSIONS The cap technique with submucosa injection and the ligation technique without submucosa injection are similar with respect to efficacy and safety for endoscopic resection of early stage esophageal cancers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2255
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13557",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic resection techniques"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13558",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endoscopic resection techniques"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13559",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endoscopic resections"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
472
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13560",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Fifty endoscopic resections"
],
"offsets": [
[
540,
567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13561",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"suck-and-ligate \" device without prior"
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13562",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"submucosa injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13563",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13564",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"the cap technique with prior submucosa injection of a dilute saline solution of epinephrine"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13565",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"cap technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13566",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ligation technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
2100,
2118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13567",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximum diameter of the resection specimen and of the resection area"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13568",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
870,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13569",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximum diameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
981,
998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13570",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"area of the resected specimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
1014,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13571",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximum diameters and calculated area of the endoscopic resection ulcers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13572",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1603,
1611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13573",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"residual neoplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1774,
1792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13574",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"72 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
491,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13575",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"early stage esophageal cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
537
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13576 | 12876177 | [
{
"id": "13577",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Children with autistic spectrum disorders . I : comparison of placebo and single dose of human synthetic secretin . AIMS To examine the effect of a single dose of human synthetic secretin ( HSS ) on behaviour and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) using an objective measure of communication and social reciprocity and standardised rating scales . METHODS Randomised , crossover , double blind , and placebo controlled trial of a single intravenous dose of human synthetic secretin ( HSS ) 2 CU/kg . The 62 subjects ( 3-8 years ) were assigned to group 1 ( saline placebo/HSS ) or group 2 ( HSS/saline placebo ) . Diagnosis was confirmed by ADI-R ( Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ) algorithm . Severity of symptoms was rated using the CARS ( Childhood Autism Rating Scale ) . Outcome measures included Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale ( CSBS ) , Ritvo Real-life Rating Scale , weekly Global Rating Scale ( GBRS ) by parents and teachers , and daily log of gastrointestinal symptoms . The communication subscale of the CSBS , specifying communication function , reciprocity , and social-affective signalling was videotaped and scored by a blinded , trained observer . RESULTS Sixty one children completed the study . After randomisation , there were no significant differences in gender , race , age , and parent and teacher GBRS and Ritvo Scale between the two groups . Compared with placebo , secretin treatment was not associated with significant improvement of CSBS standard scores from baseline to 2 or 4 weeks post-infusion . Five children showed clinical improvement in standard scores : two after HSS and three after placebo . There were no significant changes in gastrointestinal symptoms after HSS or saline placebo . CONCLUSIONS A single dose of intravenous human secretin is not effective in changing behaviour and communication in children with ASD when compared to placebo ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1930
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13578",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13579",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human synthetic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13580",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human synthetic secretin ( HSS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13581",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13582",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human synthetic secretin ( HSS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13583",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"( saline placebo/HSS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13584",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HSS/saline placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13585",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13586",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1437,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13587",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HSS"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13588",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HSS"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13590",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"saline placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13591",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1811,
1825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13592",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13593",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale ( CSBS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13594",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Ritvo Real-life Rating Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13595",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"weekly Global Rating Scale ( GBRS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13596",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"GBRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13597",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"CSBS standard scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1507,
1527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13598",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
999,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13599",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Children with autistic spectrum disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13600",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13601 | 12876178 | [
{
"id": "13602",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Children with autistic spectrum disorders . II : parents are unable to distinguish secretin from placebo under double-blind conditions . BACKGROUND Standardised measures of behaviour have failed to detect short term improvement in children with autism following treatment with secretin . However , it is possible that standardised measures are insensitive to dimensions of child behaviour that are nonetheless detectable by parents . AIM To determine the ability of parents of children with autism to guess , under double blind conditions , whether their child had received secretin or placebo . METHODS 2x2 crossover randomised blinded study , comparing the effect of synthetic human secretin 2 U/kg to placebo ( saline ) . Sixty two children with autism ( aged 43-103 months ) were randomly allocated to two groups : group 1 received placebo , followed six weeks later by secretin , and group 2 received secretin followed by placebo . At the conclusion of the study , parents were asked to guess their child 's group assignment . RESULTS Twenty seven families guessed their child 's group assignment correctly and 27 guessed incorrectly . In 48 instances , parents based their guess on perceived improvement ; in six cases , parents based their guess on perceived deterioration . Six families saw no difference after either infusion , and offered no guess . One family dropped out after the first infusion , and one family was lost to follow up after the second infusion . CONCLUSION In a controlled setting , parents of young children with autism are unable to distinguish the short term behavioural effects of secretin from placebo ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1637
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13603",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13604",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13605",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13606",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
693
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13607",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo ( saline )"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13608",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo , followed six weeks later by secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
882
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13609",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin followed by placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13610",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13611",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13612",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Standardised measures of behaviour"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13613",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"short term improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13614",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"ability of parents of children with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13615",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"deterioration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13616",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"short term behavioural effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1580,
1610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13617",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Children with autistic spectrum disorders ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13618",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"parents"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13619 | 12881389 | [
{
"id": "13620",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cisplatin , epirubicin , leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil ( PELF ) is more active than 5-fluorouracil , doxorubicin and methotrexate ( FAMTX ) in advanced gastric carcinoma . BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) , doxorubicin and methotrexate ( FAMTX ) and cisplatin , epirubicin , leucovorin and 5-FU ( PELF ) have both been reported to be superior to the combination 5-FU , doxorubicin and mitomycin C ( FAM ) in advanced gastric carcinoma . On the basis of the presence and dose intensity of the included agents , we hypothesised that PELF would be superior to FAMTX . PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred patients with untreated advanced gastric carcinoma were randomised to receive PELF or FAMTX for a maximum of six cycles or until disease progression . RESULTS The complete response ( CR ) rates to PELF and FAMTX were , respectively , 13 % [ 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) 6 % to 20 % ] and 2 % ( 95 % CI 0 % to 5 % ; P = 0.003 ) , and the objective response rates [ CR plus partial response ( PR ) rates ] 39 % ( 95 % CI 29 % to 49 % ) and 22 % ( 95 % CI 13 % to 30 % ; P = 0.009 ) , thus significantly favouring the PELF combination . The survival rates after 12 months ( 30.8 % versus 22.4 % ) and 24 months ( 15.7 % versus 9.5 % ) were also higher among patients receiving PELF , but these differences were not statistically significant . The toxicities were qualitatively different but quantitatively similar . Both regimens seem to be feasible provided that careful patient monitoring is assured . CONCLUSIONS PELF is significantly more active than FAMTX and deserves further research in the adjuvant setting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1617
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13621",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cisplatin , epirubicin , leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil ( PELF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13622",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5-fluorouracil , doxorubicin and methotrexate ( FAMTX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13623",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) , doxorubicin and methotrexate ( FAMTX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13624",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin , epirubicin , leucovorin and 5-FU ( PELF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13625",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FAMTX"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13626",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PELF"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13627",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FAMTX"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13628",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FAMTX"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13629",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PELF"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13630",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FAMTX"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13631",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete response ( CR ) rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
763,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13632",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"objective response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13633",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"partial response"
],
"offsets": [
[
976,
992
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13634",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13635",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1348,
1358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13636",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced gastric carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13637",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced gastric carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13638",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13639",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"untreated advanced gastric carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
650
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13640 | 12882611 | [
{
"id": "13641",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Phonophoresis versus topical application of ketoprofen : comparison between tissue and plasma levels . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last few decades , application of ultrasound has been attempted to enhance transdermal transport of several drugs , a method referred to as \" phonophoresis . \" The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of ultrasound on the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen in humans and to compare the concentrations found after continuous and pulsed application . SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with knee disorders requiring arthroscopy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups . Just before surgery , phonophoresis of a ketoprofen gel ( Fastum gel ) was given to group A using continuous ultrasound ( 1 MHz , 1.5 W/cm2 , for 5 minutes ) . Group B received the same treatment but with pulsed ultrasound ( 100 Hz , 20 % duty cycle ) . Group C received 5 minutes of sham ultrasound with the ketoprofen gel . The ultrasound head was moved over a 10-cm2 area using small , continuous , circular movements . Biopsies of adipose tissue and synovial tissue were taken during surgery to evaluate the local penetration of the drug . Blood samples also were collected to determine whether ketoprofen entered the systemic circulation . RESULTS The concentration of ketoprofen in plasma was negligible in all 3 groups . The concentration of ketoprofen in synovial tissue differed from that in fat tissue . A difference in concentration of ketoprofen in synovial tissue was found between group C and groups A and B . The concentration of ketoprofen in fat tissue and synovial tissue was consistently higher in group B than in group A . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study confirms that phonophoresis of ketoprofen allows the attainment of higher local concentrations , whereas systemic exposure is lower . The results indicate that , in contrast to sham phonopheresis , ultrasound can increase the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1967
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13642",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Phonophoresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13643",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ketoprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13644",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"phonophoresis of a ketoprofen gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13645",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuous ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13646",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pulsed ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13647",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"sham ultrasound with the ketoprofen gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13648",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"evaluate the local penetration of the drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13649",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"determine whether ketoprofen entered the systemic circulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1206,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13650",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of ketoprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1282,
1309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13651",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of ketoprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1282,
1309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13652",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of ketoprofen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1282,
1309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13653",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"concentration of ketoprofen in fat tissue and synovial tissue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1553,
1614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13654",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13655",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"knee disorders requiring arthroscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13656 | 12886239 | [
{
"id": "13657",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized comparison of interferon alpha and hydroxyurea with hydroxyurea monotherapy in chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML-study II ) : prolongation of survival by the combination of interferon alpha and hydroxyurea . The optimum treatment conditions of interferon ( IFN ) alpha therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) are still controversial . To evaluate the role of hydroxyurea ( HU ) for the outcome of IFN therapy , we conducted a randomized trial to compare the combination of IFN and HU vs HU monotherapy ( CML-study II ) . From February 1991 to December 1994 , 376 patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase were randomized . In all , 340 patients were Ph/BCR-ABL positive and evaluable . Randomization was unbalanced 1:2 in favor of the combination therapy , since study conditions were identical to the previous CML-study I and it had been planned in advance to add the HU patients of study I ( n=194 ) to the HU control group . Therefore , a total of 534 patients were evaluable ( 226 patients with IFN/HU and 308 patients with HU ) . Analyses were according to intention-to-treat . Median observation time of nontransplanted living patients was 7.6 years ( 7.9 years for IFN/HU and 7.3 years for HU ) . The risk profile ( new CML score ) was available for 532 patients : 200 patients ( 38 % ) were low , 239 patients ( 45 % ) intermediate , and 93 patients ( 17 % ) high risk . Complete hematologic response rates were higher in IFN/HU-treated patients ( 59 vs 32 % ) . Of 169 evaluable IFN/HU-treated patients ( 75 % ) , 104 patients ( 62 % ) achieved a cytogenetic response that was complete in 12 % ( n=21 ) , major in 14 % ( n=24 ) , and at least minimal in 35 % ( n=59 ) . Of the 534 patients , 105 ( 20 % ) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first chronic phase . In the low-risk group , 65 of 200 patients were transplanted ( 33 % ) , 30 ( 13 % ) in the intermediate-risk group , and nine ( 10 % ) in the high-risk group . Duration of chronic phase was 55 months for IFN/HU and 41 months for HU ( P < 0.0001 ) . Median survival was 64 months for IFN/HU and 53 months for HU-treated patients ( P=0.0063 ) . We conclude that IFN in combination with HU achieves a significant long-term survival advantage over HU monotherapy . In view of the data of CML-study I , these results suggest that IFN/HU is also superior to IFN alone . HU should be combined with IFN in IFN-based therapies and for comparisons with new therapies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2465
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13658",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interferon alpha and hydroxyurea"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13659",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interferon ( IFN ) alpha therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13660",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydroxyurea ( HU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13661",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IFN therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13662",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"compare the combination of IFN"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13663",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
1,
4
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13664",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HU"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13665",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HU monotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Complete hematologic response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1400,
1435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13667",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cytogenetic response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13668",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Duration of chronic phase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1967,
1992
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13669",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
2056,
2071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13670",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"376"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13671",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13672",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"340"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13673",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Ph/BCR-ABL"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13674",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"534 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
972,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13675",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"226 patients with IFN/HU"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13676",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"308 patients with HU"
],
"offsets": [
[
1031,
1051
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13677",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"534"
],
"offsets": [
[
972,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13678 | 1289508 | [
{
"id": "13679",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Left ventricular mass regression in elderly hypertensives . It is now recognized that left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) , often associated with hypertension , is itself a risk factor for coronary disease in the elderly . Although many agents are capable of controlling blood pressure , the ability of these agents to induce regression of left ventricular ( LV ) mass , and the effect of regression on diastolic relaxation and contractile indices in the elderly are less well known . Our study compared the ability of the calcium blocker , verapamil , and the beta-blocker , atenolol , to both control blood pressure ( BP ) and to induce regression of LV mass in older hypertensives . In addition , the influence of regression on resting diastolic filling and on cardiac output and ejection fraction during rest and mild upright bicycle exercise were determined . Forty-two hypertensives 60 years of age or above , without evidence of ischemic disease underwent 2-D echocardiographic evaluation of LV mass and gated blood pool scan determination of early diastolic filling , cardiac output and ejection fraction . They were then randomized to receive verapamil or atenolol during a four-week titration period so as to achieve a BP of less than 160/90 mm Hg . If BP was not controlled with either agent , chlorthalidone was added . Individuals whose BP was controlled continued on the protocol for six months . At that time , the echocardiographic and gated blood pool studies were repeated both on and after subsequent withdrawal of the study medications . Twenty-one patients were randomized to receive verapamil and 21 patients to receive atenolol . Blood pressure control was achieved with verapamil alone in 18 patients , but with atenolol alone in only 8 patients ( p < 0.01 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1821
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calcium blocker , verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
524,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13681",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"beta-blocker , atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13682",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"2-D echocardiographic evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
964,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13683",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"verapamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
542,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13686",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13687",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure ( BP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
604,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13688",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"regression of LV mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13689",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13690",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13691",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13692",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13693",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensives"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13694",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13695",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertensives"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13696",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"60 years of age or above"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13697",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"without evidence of ischemic disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13698 | 12895217 | [
{
"id": "13699",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pre-medication with pronase reduces artefacts during endoscopic ultrasonography . BACKGROUND Gastric mucus usually induces artefacts during endoscopic ultrasonography . AIM To investigate the effectiveness of pre-medication with the proteolytic enzyme , pronase , before endoscopic ultrasonography . METHODS Out-patients scheduled for endoscopic ultrasonography were randomly assigned to oral pre-medication with the anti-foam agent , dimethylpolysiloxane , alone ( treatment A ; n = 29 ) , with dimethylpolysiloxane plus sodium bicarbonate ( treatment B ; n = 29 ) or with dimethylpolysiloxane , sodium bicarbonate and pronase ( treatment C ; n = 29 ) . All drinks were given about 10 min before the start of the procedure . After insertion of the endoscope , endoscopists recorded visibility scores before the procedure , imaging scores at endoscopic ultrasonography and the numbers of high-echo spots in the gastric cavity and on the gastric wall surface after the procedure . RESULTS Pre-medication with pronase ( treatment C ) significantly reduced ( both at P < 0.05 ) the visibility score ( score 4 , 46 % ) in comparison with that obtained for pre-medication without pronase ( 10 % for both treatments A and B ) . Treatment with pronase significantly reduced ( both at P < 0.05 ) the endoscopic ultrasonography score in the gastric cavity ( score 4 , 34 % ) in comparison with that found for treatments A ( 7 % ) and B ( 0 % ) . It also significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ) the endoscopic ultrasonography score on the gastric wall surface ( score 4 , 14 % ) in comparison with that observed for treatment A ( 3 % ) . The numbers of high-echo spots in the gastric cavity and on the gastric wall surface were significantly less ( both at P < 0.001 ) for pre-medication with pronase ( treatment C ) than for pre-medication with treatments A and B . There were no complications associated with the solutions . CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with pronase reduced the artefacts during endoscopic ultrasonography ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2008
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13700",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13701",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ultrasonography"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13702",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"proteolytic enzyme"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13703",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13704",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic ultrasonography"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anti-foam agent"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13706",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dimethylpolysiloxane , alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13707",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dimethylpolysiloxane plus sodium bicarbonate"
],
"offsets": [
[
496,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13712",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pronase"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13713",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"artefacts"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13714",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"artefacts"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13715",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"visibility score"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13716",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the endoscopic ultrasonography score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1288,
1324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13717",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"endoscopic ultrasonography score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13718",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high-echo spots in the gastric cavity and on the gastric wall surface"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
957
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13719",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"no complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1863,
1879
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"artefacts"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13721 | 12900807 | [
{
"id": "13722",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of pentoxifylline administration on urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion in type 2 diabetic patients : a short-term , prospective , randomized study . BACKGROUND Tubulointerstitial injury is a major feature of diabetic nephropathy and an important predictor of renal dysfunction . In 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) , we prospectively analyzed urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase ( NAG ) , a marker of tubular renal damage ; the potential relationship with urinary protein excretion ; and effects of pentoxifylline ( PTF ) administration . METHODS Forty-five patients with type 2 DM initially were compared with 15 healthy controls matched for age and sex . After randomization , PTF ( 1,200 mg/d ) was administered for 4 months to 30 patients and results were compared with data from a control group ( n = 15 ) . RESULTS Proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion were significantly greater in patients with DM with respect to healthy controls . Before PTF administration , baseline parameters were similar in both groups of patients with DM . At the end of the study , urinary protein excretion and NAG-creatinine ratios decreased in the active group from 920 +/- 522 mg/d and 14.3 +/- 16.9 U/g to 803 +/- 523 mg/d ( P < 0.001 ) and 10.5 +/- 9.3 U/g ( P < 0.05 ) , respectively . Conversely , proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion did not change in the control group . Regression analysis showed that urinary NAG excretion was significantly associated with duration of DM ( r = 0.61 ; P < 0.001 ) and proteinuria ( r = 0.51 ; P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSION Urinary NAG excretion is elevated in patients with type 2 DM compared with healthy individuals and increases as nephropathy progresses . PTF administration is effective in reducing proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion in these patients . These findings suggest that PTF may have beneficial effects on tubulointerstitial damage in diabetic kidney disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1955
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13723",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentoxifylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13724",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentoxifylline ( PTF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13725",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PTF"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13726",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13727",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PTF"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13728",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PTF"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13729",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13730",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary protein excretion and NAG-creatinine ratios"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13731",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13732",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urinary NAG excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13733",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proteinuria"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13734",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Urinary NAG excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1599,
1620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13735",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13736",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 2 diabetic patients :"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13737",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM )"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13738 | 1291393 | [
{
"id": "13739",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An in vitro comparative analysis : scanning electron microscopy of dentin/restoration interfaces . One hundred maxillary premolar teeth were randomly allocated to ten groups . Each group was restored with one of ten different restorative techniques . The teeth were stored in deionized water for 7d prior to longitudinal sectioning in a mesio-distal plane . Following sectioning , ten specimens from each group were chosen at random from the 20 available sections . The sectioned surfaces were polished using 600-grit SiC abrasive paper and etched for 10 s with 50 % phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer produced by sectioning . Five tooth sections from the dentin bonding resin groups were allowed to dry at 20 degrees C for 24h . The glass ionomer-based groups were reimmersed in deionized water during this period . The remaining five sections from each group were replicated using an addition-cure vinyl polysiloxane impression material and an epoxy resin . A comparison was made of the sections and the replicas . All tooth specimens were sputter-coated with gold for 4 min and examined using a scanning electron microscope . Replicas were gold-coated for 3 min . Different tooth/restoration interfaces , associated with different materials , were observed . A marked difference between the replicas and tooth sections was observed for glass ionomer-based restorations but not for resin-based bonding systems . Representative samples of replicas and specimens are shown , and the significance of the observed differences is discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1545
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13740",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ten different restorative techniques"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13741",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"600-grit SiC abrasive paper"
],
"offsets": [
[
509,
536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13742",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"addition-cure vinyl polysiloxane impression material"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13743",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"epoxy resin"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13744",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"sputter-coated with gold"
],
"offsets": [
[
1049,
1073
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13745",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"glass ionomer-based restorations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13746",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"resin-based bonding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1391,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13747",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13748 | 12918532 | [
{
"id": "13749",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
82
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13750",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"magnesium sulfate and nimodipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13751",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prevention of eclampsia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13752",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prevention of eclampsia"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13753 | 12925182 | [
{
"id": "13754",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Reduction of isoflurane MAC by fentanyl or remifentanil in rats . OBJECTIVE The main objective of the study was to determine the effects of three different infusion rates of fentanyl and remifentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration ( MAC ) of isoflurane in the rat . A secondary objective was to assess the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the two opioid drugs . ANIMAL POPULATION Thirty-seven male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups . MATERIAL AND METHODS For all treatment groups anaesthesia was induced with 5 % isoflurane in oxygen using an induction chamber . A 14-gauge catheter was used for endotracheal intubation , and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen via a T-piece breathing system . A baseline determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane ( MACISO ) was made for each animal . Fentanyl ( 15 , 30 , 60 micro g kg-1 hour-1 ) or remifentanil ( 60 , 120 , 240 micro g kg-1 hour-1 ) were infused intravenously into a previously cannulated tail vein . Thirty minutes after the infusion started , a second MACISO ( MACISO+drug ) was determined . The carotid artery was cannulated to monitor the arterial pressure and to take samples for arterial gas measurements . Cardiovascular ( heart rate and arterial pressure ) and respiratory ( respiratory rate and presence/absence of apnoea ) effects after opioid infusion were also recorded . RESULTS Fentanyl ( 15 , 30 , 60 micro g kg-1 hour-1 ) and remifentanil ( 60 , 120 , 240 micro g kg-1 hour-1 ) similarly reduced isoflurane MAC in a dose-dependent fashion : by 10 % at lower doses , 25 % at medium doses and by 60 % at higher doses of both the drugs . Both opioids reduced the respiratory rate in a similar way for all doses tested . No episodes of apnoea were recorded in the remifentanil groups , while administration of fentanyl resulted in apnoea in three animals ( one at each dose level ) . The effects on the cardiovascular system were similar with both drugs . CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the intraoperative use of remifentanil in the rat reduces the MAC of isoflurane , and that this anaesthetic sparing effect is dose-dependent and similar to that produced by fentanyl at the doses tested . CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of remifentanil during inhalant anaesthesia in the rat can be considered an intravenous alternative to fentanyl , providing similar reduction in isoflurane requirements . Due to its rapid offset , it is recommended that alternative pain relief be instituted before it is discontinued ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2567
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13755",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13756",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13757",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13758",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13759",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane in oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
562,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13760",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13761",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13762",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13763",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13764",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13765",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13766",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"remifentanil"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13767",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13768",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1197,
1214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13769",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardiovascular ( heart rate and arterial pressure )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1267,
1318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13770",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory ( respiratory rate and presence/absence of apnoea ) effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13771",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13772",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
409,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13773 | 12928692 | [
{
"id": "13774",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of the effect of acetazolamide on cystoid macular oedema in patients with Behcet 's disease . AIM To study the effect of acetazolamide on cystoid macular oedema ( CMO ) in patients with Behcet 's disease . PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 67 eyes of 35 Behcet 's patients with chronic , but well-controlled uveitis , and CMO were randomised into a double-masked , crossover trial comparing the effect of acetazolamide vs placebo . The patients received an initial 4-week course of either 250 mg acetazolamide twice daily ( b.i.d . ) or placebo , followed by a 4-week washout period . They then received a 4-week course of the reverse study medication . An improvement in visual acuity and fundus fluorescein angiographic findings was assessed . RESULTS In total , 29 patients ( 55 eyes ) completed the trial and were available for analysis . Of the 29 , 16 men and 13 were women . The age range was 13-50 years ( mean 33.6 years ) . Patients on acetazolamide showed a slightly better improvement of angiographic signs ( at least by one grade improvement ) over that of placebo ( 12 vs five eyes ) . They also had less deterioration of angiographic signs over that of placebo ( three vs seven eyes ) . However , these findings were not statistically significant ( P=0.99 ) . Acetazolamide had no statistically significant effect ( P=0.53 ) on the improvement of visual acuity of patients over that of placebo ( 13 vs eight eyes ) , nor on the deterioration of visual acuity ( three vs 11 eyes ) . CONCLUSION Despite seemingly favourable results , the 4-week course of acetazolamide ( 250 mg b.i.d . ) has no statistically significant effect on the improvement of the visual acuity and the fluorescein angiographic findings in Behcet 's patients with CMO ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1764
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13775",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13776",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13777",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13778",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13779",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13780",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13781",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13782",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13783",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1284,
1297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13784",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13785",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13786",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13787",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fundus fluorescein angiographic findings"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13788",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"angiographic signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13789",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"deterioration of angiographic signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1128,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13790",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13791",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual acuity"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13792",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fluorescein angiographic findings"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13793",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cystoid macular oedema"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13794",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Behcet 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13795",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Behcet 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13796",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"67 eyes of 35 Behcet 's patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13797",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic , but well-controlled uveitis , and CMO"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13798",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
864,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13799",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13800",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13801",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13802",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"13-50 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
920
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13803",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"33.6"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13804",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Behcet 's"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13805 | 12932301 | [
{
"id": "13806",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Advice or exercise for chronic whiplash disorders ? Design of a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND Whiplash-associated disorder ( or \" whiplash \" ) is a common condition incurring considerable expense in social and economic terms . A lack of research on effective therapy for patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders prompted the design of the current study . The primary aim of this randomised controlled trial is to determine the effects of a physical activity program for people with chronic ( symptoms of > 3 months duration ) whiplash . A secondary aim is to determine if pain severity , level of disability and fear of movement/ ( re ) injury predict response to a physical activity program . METHODS/DESIGN This paper presents the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial examining the effects of advice and individualized sub-maximal exercise programs in the treatment of whiplash associated disorders . DISCUSSION This paper highlights the design , methods and operational aspects of a significant clinical trial in the area of whiplash and chronic pain ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1094
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13807",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"advice and"
],
"offsets": [
[
834,
844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13808",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"individualized sub-maximal exercise programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13809",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effects of a physical activity program for people with chronic ( symptoms of > 3 months duration ) whiplash"
],
"offsets": [
[
449,
556
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13810",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain severity , level of disability and fear of movement/ ( re ) injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13811",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effects of advice and individualized sub-maximal exercise programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13813 | 12951131 | [
{
"id": "13814",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Observational learning and the formation of classes of reading skills by individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities . We investigated whether individuals with developmental disabilities will demonstrate stimulus classes after observing another individual demonstrate the prerequisite conditional discriminations . In Experiment 1 , participants learned conditional discriminations among dictated words , pictures , and printed words . They also observed a model without disabilities demonstrate conditional discriminations among a different set of dictated words , pictures , and printed words . The classes assigned to each participant belonged to a larger superordinate category , as did the classes assigned to each model . The superordinate categories were different for participants and models . All participants subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training : They named pictures , read printed words , and matched pictures and words to one another . However , based on observing a model , none of the participants demonstrated full stimulus classes . In Experiment 2 , participants learned conditional discriminations among the stimuli in three sets , and observed a model 's training with the stimuli in three different sets . The classes assigned to each participant belonged to the same larger superordinate category as did those assigned to their respective model . All participants subsequently demonstrated full stimulus classes with the stimuli involved in direct training . They also demonstrated full classes with at least one of their model 's sets of training stimuli . When full stimulus classes did not occur from observing a model , participants named the model 's pictures , read the model 's printed words , or matched the model 's pictures and words . Stimulus class technology , coupled with the opportunity to observe another individual perform a skill , may be an economical and efficient means of teaching persons with developmental disabilities ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2040
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13815",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Observational learning"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13816",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"observing another individual demonstrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13817",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"learned conditional discriminations among dictated words , pictures , and printed words . They also observed a model without disabilities demonstrate conditional discriminations among a different set of dictated words , pictures , and printed words . The classes assigned to each participant belonged to a larger superordinate category , as did the classes assigned to each model ."
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13818",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"superordinate categories"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13819",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"conditional discriminations among the stimuli"
],
"offsets": [
[
1162,
1207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13820",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"observed a model 's training"
],
"offsets": [
[
1228,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13821",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Stimulus class technology"
],
"offsets": [
[
1841,
1866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13822",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"observe another individual perform"
],
"offsets": [
[
1901,
1935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13823",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"stimulus classes"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13824",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"stimulus classes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1104,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13825",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"full stimulus classes"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13826",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"full classes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13827",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13828",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"individuals with developmental disabilities"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13829",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"persons with developmental disabilities ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1999,
2040
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13830 | 12954577 | [
{
"id": "13831",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized , double-blind , multicenter trial comparing two doses of arzoxifene ( LY353381 ) in hormone-sensitive advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients . BACKGROUND This randomized , double-blind , phase II study assessed two doses of the selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene in women with advanced breast cancer . The primary end point was to choose the best of two doses of arzoxifene based on the response rate or the clinical benefit rate ( CBR ) . Pharmacokinetics and toxicities were also assessed . PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-two patients with advanced breast cancer received arzoxifene 20 or 50 mg/day . Tumor response was assessed using World Health Organization criteria . Toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria ( NCI-CTC ) system . Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using the NONMEM software program ( GloboMax , Hanover , MD , USA ) . RESULTS Response rates in the 20 mg arm were numerically higher than the 50-mg arm according to the investigator ( 40.5 % versus 36.4 % ) and the independent review panel ( 42.9 % versus 27.3 % ) . CBR was higher in the 20 mg arm according to the investigator ( 64.3 % versus 61.4 % ) and the independent review panel ( 59.5 % versus 47.7 % ) . Arzoxifene was well tolerated . There were no study drug-related deaths . Mean observed steady-state plasma concentrations of arzoxifene were 3.62 and 7.48 ng/ml for the 20 and 50 mg doses , respectively . CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in efficacy or safety between 20 and 50 mg of arzoxifene . Accordingly , arzoxifene 20 mg/day was selected for further study in patients with breast cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1679
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13832",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene ( LY353381 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13833",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13834",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13835",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene 20 or 50 mg/day"
],
"offsets": [
[
604,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13836",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"World Health Organization criteria"
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13837",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Toxicities were graded according to the"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13838",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria ( NCI-CTC ) system"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13839",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
1266,
1276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13840",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13841",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13842",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"arzoxifene"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13843",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"response rate or the clinical benefit rate ( CBR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13844",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
473,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13845",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
494,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13846",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Tumor response"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13847",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13848",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic data"
],
"offsets": [
[
816,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13849",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
929,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13850",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"CBR"
],
"offsets": [
[
465,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13851",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"drug-related deaths ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13852",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"steady-state plasma concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1354,
1388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13853",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1525,
1533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13854",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1537,
1543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13855",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hormone-sensitive advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13856",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13857",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with advanced breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13858",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ninety-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13859 | 12956656 | [
{
"id": "13860",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Investigation of erosion and abrasion on enamel and dentine : a model in situ using toothpastes of different abrasivity . BACKGROUND Studies in vitro suggest that abrasion and erosion may act synergistically to produce wear of enamel and dentine . Methods in situ are recently available to study separately erosion and abrasion of dental tissues . The aim of this study was to combine two in situ protocols to study the interplay between erosion and abrasion of enamel and dentine . METHOD The study was a single-blind , randomised , five-treatment cross-over design involving 15 healthy volunteers . During each 10-day study period , subjects wore from 0900 to 1700 h an upper removable acrylic appliance holding one polished enamel and one polished dentine specimen . The specimen treatment regimens were : 1 . Drinking water and brushing with toothpaste A . 2 . Drinking water and brushing with toothpaste B . 3 . Drinking orange juice . 4 . Drinking orange juice and brushing with toothpaste A . 5 . Drinking orange juice and brushing with toothpaste B . Drinking and brushing times were around 0900 , 1100 , 1300 and 1500 h. Drinks were consumed as 250 ml over 10 min and brushing ex vivo for 1 min to each specimen . Measurement of tissue loss was made on days 5 and 10 of each period using a profilometer . RESULTS All treatments produced increasing tissue loss over time , which was considerably greater for dentine than enamel . For enamel , the data at days 5 and 10 showed a significant effect for erosion ( i.e . orange juice was significantly more erosive than water ) , but no significant effect for abrasion ( i.e . no significant difference between the two toothpaste treatments ) . The combined orange juice and toothpaste effects were directional for synergy but did not reach significance . For dentine at day 10 , many specimens exceeded the 50 microm set limit of the profilometer and only day 5 data were considered . There were significant effects for erosion ( orange juice produced significantly more erosion than water ) and for abrasion ( paste A was significantly more abrasive to dentine than paste B ) . The synergy effect could not be examined for dentine due to the truncation effect as the set limit of the profilometer was exceeded . CONCLUSIONS Erosion increases the susceptibility of enamel to toothpaste abrasion . Dentine is considerably more susceptible than enamel to erosion and abrasion alone or combined . Dentine loss appears to correlate with toothpaste abrasivity ( RDA value ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2525
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13861",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"toothpastes"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13862",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13863",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"upper removable acrylic appliance holding one polished enamel"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13864",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"one polished dentine specimen"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13865",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Drinking water"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
827
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13866",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"brushing"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13867",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"toothpaste"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13868",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"orange juice"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13869",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"orange juice"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13870",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"brushing with toothpaste"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13871",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13872",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13873",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"enamel and dentine"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13874",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13875",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13876",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"wear of enamel and dentine"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13877",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13878",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13879",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dental tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
331,
345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13880",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13881",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13882",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"enamel"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13883",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dentine"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tissue loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1238,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13885",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tissue loss over time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1357,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13886",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13887",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13888",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13889",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13890",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"synergy effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
2138,
2152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13891",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"susceptibility of enamel"
],
"offsets": [
[
2302,
2326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13892",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"toothpaste abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
2330,
2349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13893",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erosion"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13894",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abrasion"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13895",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Dentine loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
2449,
2461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13896",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13897 | 12970516 | [
{
"id": "13898",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in vascular dementia : positive results of a 24-week , multicenter , international , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial . BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical observations suggest that patients with vascular dementia ( VaD ) may benefit from treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors . This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of donepezil for relieving symptoms of dementia in VaD . METHODS Patients ( n=603 ; mean age , 73.9 years ; 55.2 % men ) with probable ( 70.5 % ) or possible ( 29.5 % ) VaD , according to criteria of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) and the Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences ( AIREN ) , were randomized to 24 weeks of treatment with donepezil 5 mg/d ( n=198 ) , donepezil 10 mg/d ( 5 mg/d for first 28 days ; n=206 ) , or placebo ( n=199 ) . Analyses were based on the intent-to-treat population . RESULTS At week 24 , both donepezil groups showed significant improvement in cognition versus placebo on the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale ( mean change from baseline score effect size : donepezil 5 mg/d , -1.90 ; P=0.001 ; donepezil 10 mg/d , -2.33 ; P < 0.001 ) . Significant improvements in patients ' global function were seen versus placebo at week 24 ( observed cases ) , on the Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus version only for patients on donepezil 5 mg/d ( P=0.014 ) , and on the Sum of the Boxes of the Clinical Dementia Rating only for patients on 10 mg/d ( P=0.007 ) . Donepezil-treated patients showed significant benefits in activities of daily living over placebo on the Alzheimer 's Disease Functional Assessment and Change Scale ( mean change from baseline score effect size at week 24 : donepezil 5 mg/d , -1.31 , P=0.02 ; donepezil 10 mg/d , -1.31 , P=0.02 ) . Donepezil was well tolerated . Withdrawal rates due to adverse events were relatively low ( placebo , 11.1 % ; donepezil 5 mg/d , 11.1 % ; donepezil 10 mg/d , 21.8 % ; P=0.005 versus placebo ) . CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that donepezil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for VaD and show it may have an important place in the management of this condition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2261
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13899",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13900",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13901",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cholinesterase inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13902",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13903",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13904",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13905",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13906",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13907",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13908",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13909",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13910",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13911",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13912",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13913",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13914",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
356,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13915",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13916",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"improvement in cognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13917",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13918",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"patients ' global function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1278,
1304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13919",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus version"
],
"offsets": [
[
1369,
1431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13920",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sum of the Boxes of the Clinical Dementia Rating"
],
"offsets": [
[
1495,
1543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13921",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"activities of daily living"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13922",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Alzheimer 's Disease Functional Assessment and Change Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1692,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13923",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Withdrawal rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1917,
1933
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13924",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1941,
1955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13925",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vascular dementia"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13926",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age , 73.9 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
460,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13927",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13928 | 12971959 | [
{
"id": "13929",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cirrhosis and bleeding : the need for very early management . BACKGROUND/AIMS Retrospective studies suggest that the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and variceal hemorrhage has improved in more recent decades . In a prospective cohort study in which the choice of prophylactic therapy was left to each practitioner , we followed cirrhotic patients with medium/large varices to determine factors predictive of bleeding and death . METHODS Three hundred fourteen patients with grades 2 or 3 esophageal varices ( Child A and B/C : 218 and 96 ) were enrolled . One hundred seventy-three patients had no previous history of variceal bleeding . Only 245 patients ( 100 % of patients with prior variceal hemorrhage , 61 % of patients without prior hemorrhage ) were receiving some form of prophylactic therapy . The median follow-up was 18 months . RESULTS There were 76 bleeding events and 14 related deaths ( 18 % ) ; nine of these deaths occurred within 24 h of bleeding onset ( two at home , two during hospital transfer , and five in hospital , a mean of 2.5 h after onset ; six involved Child C patients ) . Twenty-five deaths were not due to bleeding but were closely related to cirrhosis . In a Cox model , the presence of tense ascites ( relative risk 3.4 , 95 % confidence interval , CI 2.5-5.9 ) and a prior history of hemorrhage ( relative risk 4.4 , 95 % CI 2.6-7.5 ) were independent predictors of variceal hemorrhage . In patients without a prior history of bleeding , bleeding risk was higher with more prolonged prothrombin time and lower when patients were receiving propranolol . CONCLUSIONS Despite the advent of effective drugs and endoscopic therapy for variceal bleeding , about a quarter of deaths occur very early after bleeding onset , confirming the need for rapid specific management ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1811
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13930",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prophylactic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13931",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prophylactic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13932",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1583,
1594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13933",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endoscopic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1651,
1669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13934",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding events"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
884
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13935",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"related deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13936",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13937",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13938",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"variceal hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13939",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding , bleeding risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1471,
1495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13940",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
906
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13941",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cirrhosis and variceal hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
144,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13942",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cirrhotic"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13943",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three hundred fourteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13944",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"245"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13945 | 12973849 | [
{
"id": "13946",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Outcome of children with centrally reviewed low-grade gliomas treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy on Children 's Cancer Group high-grade glioma study CCG-945 . BACKGROUND The objectives of the current study were to determine the outcome of children who were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the Children 's Cancer Group ( CCG ) high-grade glioma protocol ( CCG-945 ) who were diagnosed with low-grade gliomas on post hoc central pathologic review and to identify clinical and biologic features associated with prognosis . METHODS Between 1985 and 1991 , 250 children with institutionally classified high-grade gliomas were enrolled on CCG-945 . Patients older than 24 months with intracranial lesions were assigned randomly to receive either lomustine , vincristine , and prednisone ( control regimen ) or the 8-drugs-in-1-day regimen ( experimental regimen ) ; younger patients and those with primary spinal cord tumors were assigned nonrandomly to the experimental regimen . Central independent review by 5 neuropathologists led to a reclassification of low-grade glioma in 70 patients , who were the focus of the current study . RESULTS The study involved 42 males and 28 females ( median age , 7.7 years ) with a median follow-up of 10.4 years . At 5 years , the progression-free survival ( PFS ) rate was 63 % +/- 6 % , and the overall survival ( OS ) rate was 79 % +/- 5 % , compared with a PFS rate of 19 % +/- 3 % ( P < 0.0001 ) and an OS rate of 22 % +/- 3 % ( P < 0.0001 ) in the remainder of the cohort . Significantly poorer 5-year PFS was seen in children younger than 24 months , those with fibrillary astrocytoma , and those with posterior fossa tumors . Patients demonstrated a modest improvement in PFS but no improvement in OS compared with children with low-grade gliomas who were treated with contemporary chemotherapy-alone approaches . CONCLUSIONS The current report calls attention to the importance of central pathologic review in large multiinstitutional trials of children with gliomas and suggests that aggressive front-line combined chemoradiotherapy does not confer a survival advantage in this highly selected population of patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2196
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13947",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13948",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chemotherapy and radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13949",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lomustine , vincristine , and prednisone ( control regimen )"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13950",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"the 8-drugs-in-1-day regimen ( experimental regimen )"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13951",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical and biologic features"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13952",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"progression-free survival ( PFS ) rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1299,
1337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13953",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival ( OS ) rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1365,
1393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13954",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"PFS rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1429,
1437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13955",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"OS rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1476,
1483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13956",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1569,
1579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13957",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1327,
1330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13958",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"OS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1384,
1386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13959",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival advantage"
],
"offsets": [
[
2129,
2147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13960",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13961",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low-grade gliomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13962",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13963",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13964",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13965",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13966",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-grade glioma"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13967",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low-grade gliomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13968",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"central pathologic review"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13969",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"250"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13970",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13971",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-grade gliomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13972",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"24 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13973",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"intracranial lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13974",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"younger"
],
"offsets": [
[
894,
901
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13975",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary spinal cord tumors"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13976",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"low-grade glioma"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13977",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"70"
],
"offsets": [
[
1108,
1110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13978",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"42"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13979",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13980",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"28"
],
"offsets": [
[
1204,
1206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13981",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"females"
],
"offsets": [
[
1207,
1214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13982",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"7.7 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1230,
1239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13983",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"10.4 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
1269,
1279
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13984 | 12974687 | [
{
"id": "13985",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Abrasive wear on eroded root dentine after different periods of exposure to saliva in situ . The effect of salivary exposure time on the abrasive wear of acid-eroded dentine was evaluated in situ . One-hundred and twenty bovine root dentine slabs were randomly assigned into six groups ( A-F ) and placed in intraoral palatal devices , which were worn by 10 volunteers for 4 d. On the first day , no erosive/abrasive procedures were carried out . On the following 3 d , erosive challenges were performed extraorally , two times per day , by immersing the device for 90 s in a soft drink . Subsequently , the group A specimens were immediately brushed ( 40 strokes ) , and the others were brushed after the following times : B , 20 min ; C , 40 min ; and D , 60 min . Group E specimens were only acid-eroded and those of group F were only brushed . Dentine wear was measured with a profilometer . anova and Dunnett 's test showed that groups A-D did not differ statistically from the control group E but differed from the control group F. The lowest mean value was found for group F. Regression analysis was unable to show salivary effect on dentine wear reduction . The data suggest that the exposure time of saliva of up to 60 min has no effect on reducing the eroded dentine wear by toothbrushing ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1300
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13986",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"saliva"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13987",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"salivary"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13988",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"erosive challenges"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13989",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"salivary"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13990",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Abrasive wear"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13991",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"abrasive wear"
],
"offsets": [
[
137,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13992",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Dentine wear"
],
"offsets": [
[
848,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13993",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dentine wear reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13994",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"eroded dentine wear"
],
"offsets": [
[
1262,
1281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13995",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"eroded root dentine"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13996",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acid-eroded dentine"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13997",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One-hundred and twenty bovine root dentine slabs"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
246
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13998",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
355,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13999 | 1300984 | [
{
"id": "14000",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell cytotoxicity in chronic hemodialysis patients . The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHu-EPO ) treatment . We investigated subpopulations of T lymphocytes , NK cell number and cytotoxic activity in 14 chronic uremic patients on regular hemodialysis treatment . We observed a significantly decreased absolute lymphocyte number and percentage of CD3 cells . Relative numbers of CD16 cells were significantly elevated , but NK cell cytotoxic activity was within a normal range . Nine patients with chronic renal anemia on maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in rHu-EPO treatment trial . The treatment was continued till the hematocrit level reached 30 % . Each of the patients had corrected anemia and well-being . After 12 weeks of the treatment we observed in these patients decreases in CD3 , CD4 , CD8 and CD16 cell numbers and elevation of CD4/CD8 ratio . Cytotoxic activity of NK cells did not change significantly . Presented results indicate that chronic hemodialysis patients have significantly diminished lymphocyte number . rHu EPO treatment affects the T lymphocyte subsets inducing a deep decrease of CD8 and CD16 cell percentage leading to normalisation of the CD4/CD8 ratio ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1235
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14001",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHu-EPO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14002",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"regular hemodialysis treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
273,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14003",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rHu-EPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14004",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rHu EPO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14005",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T lymphocytes"
],
"offsets": [
[
186,
199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14006",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NK cell number"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14007",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cytotoxic activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14008",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absolute lymphocyte number"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14009",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentage of CD3 cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14010",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD16 cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14011",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NK cell cytotoxic activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14012",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hematocrit level"
],
"offsets": [
[
669,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD3 , CD4 , CD8 and CD16 cell numbers"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD4/CD8 ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cytotoxic activity of NK cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
906,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14017",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lymphocyte number"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14018",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD8 and CD16 cell percentage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14019",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD4/CD8 ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14020",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hemodialysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14021",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"14"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14022",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic uremic patients on regular hemodialysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14023",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14024",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal anemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14025 | 1302807 | [
{
"id": "14026",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Shorter treatment for vaginal candidosis : comparison between single-dose oral fluconazole and three-day treatment with local miconazole . Fluconazole is an effective , simple and safe , although slightly expensive , agent for the treatment of vaginal candidosis . Single-dose fluconazole ( 150 mg ) administered orally in capsule form was compared with three-day local treatment with miconazole pessaries in the treatment of vaginal candidosis in a randomized study in Finland . Cure rates were good ( > 80 % ) in randomized patient groups assessed both clinically and by the results of yeast cultures . Oral administration was preferred to local therapy by patients in both the miconazole and fluconazole groups . For the time being , fluconazole is not recommended for use during pregnancy or lactation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
807
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14027",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14028",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14029",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14030",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Single-dose fluconazole ( 150 mg ) administered orally in capsule form"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14031",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole pessaries"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14032",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"miconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
126,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14033",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14034",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14035",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cure rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
480,
490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14036",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vaginal candidosis :"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14037",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vaginal candidosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14038",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vaginal candidosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14039 | 1307461 | [
{
"id": "14040",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Myocardial ischemia with stable angina pectoris : clinico-ergometric evaluation after the use of diltiazem ] . PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of diltiazem versus placebo in patients with stable angina . METHODS Eight-seven angina pectoris patients , mean age of 57 +/- 9 , 82 white and 79 male were evaluated in a randomized , double-blind trial of two groups of patients diltiazem and placebo , 3 to 4 tablets a day ( diltiazem 180 to 240 mg daily ) . The patients were evaluated after laboratory tests and clinical-ergometric examinations . A coronary arteriography was performed on study entry . RESULTS The average of anginal attacks , number of weekly sublingual nitrate , heart rate , systolic and diastolic pressure at rest and at the end of diltiazem period were significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) regarding same periods on placebo . The percentage of depression for ST-segment was lower for diltiazem when compared with placebo ( p < 0.05 ) and the percentage of patients that reach higher stages in the ergometric test was significantly better for diltiazem . Heart rate and systolic plus diastolic pressures after exercise did not differ in both groups . CONCLUSION Diltiazem reduced the clinical and electrocardiographical aspects and raises the effort tolerance during the ergometric test in patients with stable angina ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1336
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14043",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14044",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14045",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14046",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14047",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14048",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14049",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14050",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14051",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14052",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"average of anginal attacks"
],
"offsets": [
[
615,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14053",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"number of weekly sublingual nitrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14054",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14055",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic and diastolic pressure at rest and at the end of diltiazem period"
],
"offsets": [
[
695,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14056",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"depression for ST-segment"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14057",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14058",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic plus diastolic pressures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14059",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stable angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14060",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eight-seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14061",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"angina pectoris"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14062",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"mean age of 57 +/- 9"
],
"offsets": [
[
254,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14063",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"82 white"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14064",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"79 male"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14065 | 130920 | [
{
"id": "14066",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A controlled clinical trial of a muscle relaxant analgesic combination in the treatment of acute lumbago ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
106
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14067",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"muscle relaxant analgesic combination"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14068",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"analgesic"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14069",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute lumbago"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14070 | 1319876 | [
{
"id": "14071",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine . A number of quinolone antibacterial agents , particularly enoxacin , pefloxacin , pipemidic acid and ciprofloxacin , are known to decrease the clearance of methylxanthines . The effects of temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine were therefore compared in a 3-way crossover study in 12 healthy young volunteers . Each volunteer received 183mg once-daily doses of caffeine in conjunction with twice-daily placebo , temafloxacin 600mg and ciprofloxacin 750mg in 3 separate phases according to a randomised sequence . A doubling of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( 77.8 vs 31.8 mg/L.h ) and terminal-phase half-life ( 9.7 vs 4.5h ) of caffeine were observed in the presence of ciprofloxacin . The magnitude of the reduction in the intrinsic clearance of caffeine produced by ciprofloxacin was greater than that described in the literature for ciprofloxacin and theophylline . This may partly be explained by intertrial differences in dosage and study design . Coadministration of temafloxacin did not have any effect on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine , confirming results of other studies suggesting that this agent does not affect methylxanthine clearance . Accordingly , it appears that restriction of caffeine intake during temafloxacin therapy is not necessary ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1392
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14072",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"temafloxacin"
],
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[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14073",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14074",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
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[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14075",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"temafloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14076",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14077",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"183mg once-daily doses of caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14078",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"temafloxacin 600mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin 750mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14081",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14082",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14083",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ciprofloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14084",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14085",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"temafloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14086",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"temafloxacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14087",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"area under the plasma concentration-time curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14088",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"terminal-phase half-life"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14089",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"magnitude of the reduction in the intrinsic clearance of caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
821,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14090",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetics of caffeine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14091",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"methylxanthine clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14092",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14093",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14094",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14095 | 1326339 | [
{
"id": "14096",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The use of adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( 4-9 ) analog ORG 2766 in autistic children : effects on the organization of behavior . In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial , 14 autistic children were treated with the neuropeptide ORG 2766 , a synthetic analog of adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) ( 4-9 ) . ORG 2766 treatment ( 20 mg per day during 4 weeks ) was associated with an increased amount and an improved quality of the social interaction of the autistic children with a familiar experimenter . These changes in interaction were clinically relevant . Following treatment with ORG 2766 gaze and smile behaviors of child and experimenter showed stronger temporal contingencies . Further , after ORG 2766 , stereotypies were temporally disconnected from verbal initiatives . The data supported the notion of a stimulating effect of ORG 2766 on social interaction . The implications of these findings for the endogenous opioid theory of autism are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
979
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14097",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( 4-9 ) analog ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14098",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"neuropeptide ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
227,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14099",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ORG 2766 treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14100",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14101",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14102",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14103",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"gaze and smile behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
609,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14104",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"stronger temporal contingencies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
667,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14105",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"verbal initiatives ."
],
"offsets": [
[
775,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14106",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic children :"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14107",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"14 autistic children"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14108 | 1326734 | [
{
"id": "14109",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized phase II trial of high-dose 4'-epi-doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide versus high-dose 4'-epi-doxorubicin + cisplatin in previously untreated patients with extensive small cell lung cancer . One hundred and eleven previously untreated patients with extensive small cell lung cancer were included in a prospective randomized study with the aim to assess the efficacy and tolerance of high-dose epirubicin ( 120 mg/m2 ) in combination with either cyclophosphamide ( 800 mg/m2 ; arm 1 ) or cisplatin ( 60 mg/m2 ; arm 2 ) . Ninety-six patients were evaluable for response and toxicity and additional 12 patients for toxicity only . The overall response rate ( CR+PR ) in arm 1 and 2 were 61.4 ( 27/44 ) and 67.3 % ( 35/52 ) , respectively . The mean duration of remission was 4.4 months ( arm 1 ) and 4.9 months ( arm 2 ) . The mean survival time was 6.6 months in arm 1 and 7.7 months in arm 2. WHO grade 4 toxicity was encountered in 25.5 and 15.8 % of patients in arm 1 and 2 , respectively . One case of cardiotoxicity resulting in the patient 's death was observed in arm 1 . Both combinations showed considerable antitumor activity . Toxicity was acceptable ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1168
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14110",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"4'-epi-doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14111",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"4'-epi-doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14113",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14114",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"high-dose epirubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14115",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14116",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14117",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14118",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14119",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14120",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14121",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14122",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"overall response rate ( CR+PR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14123",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean duration of remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14124",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mean survival time"
],
"offsets": [
[
831,
849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14125",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"WHO grade 4 toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
899,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14126",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"cardiotoxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1025
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14127",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1054,
1059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14128",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antitumor activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1122,
1140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14129",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1143,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14130",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"extensive small cell lung cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14131",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred and eleven"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14132",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"extensive small cell lung cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
163,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14133",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Ninety-six patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
527,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14134",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14135 | 1331023 | [
{
"id": "14136",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( 4-9 ) analog ORG 2766 benefits autistic children : report on a second controlled clinical trial . In a second controlled crossover trial , 20 autistic children received 40 mg/day of the neuropeptide ORG 2766 , a synthetic analog of ACTH ( 4-9 ) , for 8 weeks . Parents ' checklist ratings ( ABC ) as well as clinicians ' ratings ( CGI ) pointed to significant improvements after the course of treatment ; improvements were clearest on the ABC social withdrawal subscale . The analysis of individual target symptoms and the parents ' treatment preferences substantiated the beneficial effects of ORG 2766 . In an ethologically analyzed playroom session , ORG 2766 treatment was associated with an improvement in the children 's play behavior and a significant increase in the social interaction between child and experimenter . Gaze coordination between child and experimenter also was improved ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
930
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14137",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( 4-9 ) analog ORG 2766"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14138",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"40 mg/day of the neuropeptide ORG 2766 , a synthetic analog of ACTH ( 4-9 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14139",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ORG 2766 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14140",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Parents ' checklist ratings ( ABC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14141",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinicians ' ratings ( CGI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14142",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ABC social withdrawal subscale ."
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14143",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"children 's play behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14144",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social interaction between child and experimenter . Gaze coordination"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
879
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14145 | 1334639 | [
{
"id": "14146",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Role of memory B-cell responses in serum and mucosal fluids of swine for protective immunity against pseudorabies virus . We examined primary and memory isotype-specific antibody responses directed against pseudorabies virus in serum and mucosal fluids of pigs with and without passively acquired maternal antibody , and we studied the relationship between these responses and protection against virus challenge . Pigs were inoculated intranasally with the virulent NIA-3 strain or the avirulent Bartha strain , or they were inoculated IM with an inactivated vaccine containing the Phylaxia strain . Ten weeks later , all pigs were challenge-exposed intranasally with strain NIA-3 . Only pigs that were without passively acquired antibody at the time they were inoculated with virulent virus appeared to have complete protective immunity against challenge exposure , as evidenced by lack of clinical signs of pseudorabies and lack of virus excretion . In contrast , pigs inoculated with strain Bartha or with the inactivated vaccine developed fever , had a period of growth arrest , and excreted virus after challenge exposure . In pigs without passively acquired antibody , intranasal inoculation with strains NIA-3 or Bartha was followed by primary IgM and IgA responses in serum and in oropharyngeal fluid as well as primary IgG1 and IgG2 responses in serum . Intramuscular inoculation with the inactivated vaccine induced primary serum IgM , IgG1 , and IgG2 responses , but no mucosal responses . Challenge exposure of pigs that had been inoculated with the Bartha strain or the inactivated vaccine was followed by clear memory responses in serum and in oropharyngeal fluid . In contrast , challenge exposure of pigs that had been inoculated by the virulent NIA-3 strain was not followed by memory responses . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1849
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14147",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"virulent"
],
"offsets": [
[
457,
465
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14148",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NIA-3 strain"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14149",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"avirulent Bartha strain"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14150",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IM with an inactivated vaccine containing the Phylaxia strain"
],
"offsets": [
[
536,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14151",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"challenge-exposed"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14152",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intranasally with strain NIA-3"
],
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[
650,
680
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14153",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete protective immunity"
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14154",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical signs of pseudorabies"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14155",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virus excretion"
],
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[
934,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14156",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fever"
],
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[
1043,
1048
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14157",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"period of growth arrest"
],
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[
1057,
1080
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14158",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"excreted virus"
],
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[
1087,
1101
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14159",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"IgM and IgA responses"
],
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[
1251,
1272
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14160",
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"serum"
],
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[
35,
40
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14161",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"oropharyngeal fluid"
],
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[
1289,
1308
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14162",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
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"primary serum IgM , IgG1 , and IgG2 responses"
],
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[
1426,
1471
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14163",
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"mucosal responses"
],
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[
1481,
1498
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14164",
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"memory responses"
],
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[
1625,
1641
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14165",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
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"with and without passively acquired maternal antibody"
],
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[
261,
314
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14166",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Pigs"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14167 | 1337070 | [
{
"id": "14168",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Erythema migrans : comparison of treatment with azithromycin , doxycycline and phenoxymethylpenicillin . Azithromycin , doxycycline and phenoxymethylpenicillin were compared in a prospective , randomized study of 64 patients with typical erythema migrans . Twenty patients were treated with oral azithromycin , 250 mg bd for two days followed by 250 mg od for eight days , 21 patients were given phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 million IU tds for 14 days and 23 patients received doxycycline , 100 mg bd for 14 days . All patients were followed up for 24 months . There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the persistence of cutaneous lesions after starting treatment ; the mean durations were 10.5 days in the penicillin group , 8.8 days in the doxycycline group and 8.6 days in the azithromycin group . There were statistically significant differences in terms of the resolution of associated local and/or systemic symptoms . The response time was shortest in patients treated with azithromycin . Two patients who received phenoxymethylpenicillin and two given doxycycline subsequently developed major manifestations of Lyme borreliosis ; these did not occur in patients receiving azithromycin . Although azithromycin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of erythema migrans , further studies will be needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1403
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"azithromycin"
],
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48,
60
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14170",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"doxycycline"
],
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[
63,
74
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14171",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"phenoxymethylpenicillin"
],
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79,
102
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14172",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"Azithromycin"
],
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[
105,
117
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14173",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"doxycycline"
],
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[
63,
74
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14174",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"phenoxymethylpenicillin"
],
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[
79,
102
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14175",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"oral azithromycin"
],
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[
291,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14176",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"phenoxymethylpenicillin"
],
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[
79,
102
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14177",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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"doxycycline"
],
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[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14178",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"penicillin"
],
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[
92,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14179",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxycycline"
],
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[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14180",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
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[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14181",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
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[
48,
60
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14182",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"phenoxymethylpenicillin"
],
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[
79,
102
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14183",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxycycline"
],
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[
63,
74
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14184",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
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[
48,
60
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14185",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
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[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14186",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cutaneous lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14187",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean durations"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14188",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resolution of associated local and/or systemic symptoms ."
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14189",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response time"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
970
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14190",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Lyme borreliosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14191",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Erythema migrans"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14192",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"64"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14193",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"erythema migrans"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14194 | 1342306 | [
{
"id": "14195",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term anticoagulant treatment after acute myocardial infarction . The Warfarin Re-Infarction Study . High levels of fibrinogen and clotting factor VII are associated with an increased risk for subsequent death and cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy individuals . Furthermore , pathoanatomic studies and coronary angiography have confirmed a relationship between coronary thrombus formation and acute Q-wave infarction . Effective antithrombotic agents may prevent or limit thrombus formation and events related to thrombosis . The Warfarin Re-Infarction Study ( WARIS ) studied the effect of warfarin in survivors of acute myocardial infarction . Patients aged 75 years or less were randomized in a double-blind , placebo-controlled study to test whether long-term treatment with warfarin reduces the risk of death , reinfarction , and thromboembolic morbidity . A total of 1918 patients were screened for participation ; 1214 were recruited . The mean follow-up was 37 months . Analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis , 123 ( 20 % ) in the placebo group died , versus 94 ( 15 % ) in the warfarin group , a risk reduction of 24 % ( P = 0.026 ) . Considering patients on treatment or within 28 days after discontinuing the test medication , 92 in the placebo group died , as compared with 60 of the warfarin-treated patients , a risk reduction of 35 % ( P = 0.005 ) . Relapsing myocardial infarction ( fatal and nonfatal ) was reduced by 43 % ( P = 0.0001 ) . The incidence of cerebrovascular attacks was lower in the warfarin group ( 16 patients ) than the placebo group ( 41 patients ) , a highly significant reduction of 61 % ( P = 0.0003 ) . Serious bleeding occurred in 11 patients taking warfarin , an incidence of 0.6 % per year . In conclusion , long-term anticoagulant therapy may be recommended after acute myocardial infarction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1853
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14196",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"anticoagulant treatment"
],
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[
10,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
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[
606,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14198",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
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[
728,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
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[
606,
614
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14200",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
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[
728,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14201",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
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[
606,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14202",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin-treated"
],
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[
1312,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14203",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
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[
606,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14204",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14205",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14206",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14207",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"subsequent death"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14208",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14209",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thrombus formation"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14210",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"events related to thrombosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14211",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
188,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14212",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death , reinfarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
843
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14213",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thromboembolic morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
874
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14214",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14215",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14216",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14217",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"risk reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Relapsing myocardial infarction ( fatal and nonfatal )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1381,
1435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14219",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of cerebrovascular attacks"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14220",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Serious bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1659,
1675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14221",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14222",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1918"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14223",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1214"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
940
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14224 | 1342906 | [
{
"id": "14225",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Topical anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of allergic pollinosic conjunctivitis : a comparative double-blind study . Anti-inflammatory drugs , i.e . glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs ( nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ) , are often included in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis . The present study compares the clinical efficacy and safety of topical hydrocortisone , acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ) and piroxicam compared to placebo . The trial , designed as a double-blind , randomized and parallel-group treatment , was carried out in a group of 40 patients suffering from seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to Parietaria pollen , during the pollen season ( June-July , 1990 ) . Patients received hydrocortisone 0.1 % solution , ASA 1 % solution , piroxicam 0.5 % solution or placebo as eye drops , all one drop in each eye q.i.d . for 14 days . The symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at the end of treatment by the clinician and by patients on a diary card . The hydrocortisone group showed a rapid and significant improvement during the first week of treatment , while ASA and piroxicam reduced symptomatology during the second week of treatment ; this difference was statistically significant . At the end of the trial , the active drugs were comparable with regard to clinical efficacy . A statistically significant difference was observed between the active drugs and placebo , while no statistically significant difference was observed among the three drugs . No serious side-effects were observed . The results demonstrate the clinical efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis ; they also suggest the use of NSAIDs in long-term treatment , as their efficacy has been shown to be closely comparable to that of steroids , while avoiding the well-known side-effects of the latter in prolonged treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1885
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14226",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Topical anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14227",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14228",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14229",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14230",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"piroxicam"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14232",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14233",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone 0.1 % solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14234",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ASA 1 % solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14235",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"piroxicam 0.5 % solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14236",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14237",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14238",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptomatology"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14239",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical efficacy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1295,
1314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14240",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"serious side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1492,
1512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14241",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"allergic pollinosic conjunctivitis :"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14242",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"allergic conjunctivitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14243 | 1350581 | [
{
"id": "14244",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Amisulpride versus bromocriptine in infantile autism : a controlled crossover comparative study of two drugs with opposite effects on dopaminergic function . An alteration of dopaminergic ( DA ) function much more complex than simple hyperactivity has been evoked in infantile autism . We therefore compared the clinical efficacy of a DA antagonist ( amisulpride ) and a DA agonist ( bromocriptine ) in a randomized , double-blind , crossover trial in 9 children with autism , likely severely mentally retarded . Amisulpride acts preferentially on specific autistic symptoms whereas bromocriptine acts more on motor hyperactivity and attention symptoms . These findings raise the specificity of these two drugs which appear to act preferentially on some target symptoms and are consistent with some clinical and pharmacological observations showing a sedative effect with low doses of DA agonists and a stimulant effect with low doses of DA antagonists such as the benzamides ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
977
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14245",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amisulpride"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14246",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bromocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14247",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DA antagonist ( amisulpride )"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14248",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DA agonist ( bromocriptine )"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14249",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amisulpride"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14250",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bromocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14251",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DA agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
885,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14252",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DA antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14253",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"benzamides"
],
"offsets": [
[
965,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14254",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dopaminergic ( DA ) function"
],
"offsets": [
[
175,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14255",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14256",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor hyperactivity and attention symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14257",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sedative effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14258",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stimulant effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
903,
919
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14259",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infantile autism :"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14260",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infantile autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14261",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"9"
],
"offsets": [
[
452,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14262",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14263",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14264",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mentally retarded"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14265 | 1358607 | [
{
"id": "14266",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oral ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting . The effect of three times daily oral ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting was investigated in two randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multi-centre studies . The first study compared ondansetron 1 , 8 and 16 mg to placebo , and the second study compared 8 mg ondansetron to placebo . Both studies included ASA Class I-III female patients about to undergo major abdominal gynaecological surgery or vaginal hysterectomy . In the first study , the 8 and 16 mg ondansetron groups had a significantly lower incidence of nausea and vomiting in the 0-24 h period following recovery from anaesthesia than the placebo group . Ondansetron 8 mg three times daily was also significantly better than placebo in the second study . Side-effects mainly consisted of constipation , headache , and asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes . The incidence of side-effects was similar in ondansetron- and placebo-treated patients . There appeared to be no clinically important benefit of the 16 mg three times daily ondansetron regimen over the 8 mg three times daily dose , therefore 8 mg three times daily is recommended as the optimal oral dose in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1292
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14267",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14268",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14269",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron 1 , 8 and 16 mg"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14270",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14271",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"8 mg ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14272",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"8 and 16 mg ondansetron groups"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14274",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14275",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
726,
737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14276",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
5,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14277",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14278",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14279",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14280",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14281",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"constipation , headache , and asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes"
],
"offsets": [
[
859,
928
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14282",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14283",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinically important benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1044,
1072
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14284",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14285",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASA Class I-III"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14286",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14287",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients about to undergo major abdominal gynaecological surgery or vaginal hysterectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14288 | 1359258 | [
{
"id": "14289",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions . An association between raised renin levels and myocardial infarction has been reported . We studied the effects of enalapril , an angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor , on the development of myocardial infarction and unstable angina in 6797 patients with ejection fractions < or = 0.35 enrolled into the two Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction ( SOLVD ) trials . Patients were randomly assigned to placebo ( n = 3401 ) or enalapril ( n = 3396 ) at doses of 2.5-20 mg per day in two concurrent double-blind trials with the same protocol . Patients with heart failure entered the treatment trial ( n = 2569 ) and those without heart failure entered the prevention trial ( n = 4228 ) . Follow-up averaged 40 months . In each trial there were significant reductions in the number of patients developing myocardial infarction ( treatment trial : 158 placebo vs 127 enalapril , p < 0.02 ; prevention trial : 204 vs 161 p < 0.01 ) or unstable angina ( 240 vs 187 p < 0.001 ; 355 vs 312 , p < 0.05 ) . Combined , there were 362 placebo group patients with myocardial infarction compared with 288 in the enalapril group ( risk reduction 23 % , 95 % CI 11-34 % ; p < 0.001 ) . 595 placebo group patients developed unstable angina compared with 499 in the enalapril group ( risk reduction 20 % , 95 % CI 9-29 % , p < 0.001 ) . There was also a reduction in cardiac deaths ( 711 placebo , 615 enalapril ; p < 0.003 ) , so that the reduction in the combined endpoint of deaths , myocardial infarction , and unstable angina was highly significant ( 20 % risk reduction , 95 % CI 14-26 % ; p < 0.0001 ) . Enalapril treatment significantly reduced myocardial infarction , unstable angina , and cardiac mortality in patients with low ejection fractions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1859
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14292",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14294",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14295",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14296",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14297",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14298",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14299",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14300",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14301",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14302",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"Enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
1712,
1721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14303",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"unstable angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14304",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in cardiac deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1455,
1482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14305",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1476,
1482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"unstable angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14309",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"unstable angina"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14310",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"cardiac mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
1800,
1817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14311",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with low ejection fractions"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14312",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"6797"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14313",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with ejection fractions < or = 0.35 enrolled into the two Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction ( SOLVD ) trials"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14314",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2569"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14315",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4228"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14316",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"362"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14317",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"595"
],
"offsets": [
[
1289,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14318 | 1359322 | [
{
"id": "14319",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Amphotericin versus pentamidine in antimony-unresponsive kala-azar . We compared the efficacy of amphotericin B and pentamidine isethionate in a prospective randomised trial in 120 uncomplicated and parasitologically confirmed cases of antimony-unresponsive kala-azar . Doses were twenty intramuscular injections of pentamidine 4 mg/kg on alternate days or fourteen definitive doses of amphotericin 0.5 mg/kg infused in 5 % dextrose on alternate days . 48 ( 80 % ) patients given pentamidine showed initial cure and 46 ( 77 % ) showed definitive cure compared with 60 ( 100 % ) and 59 ( 98 % ) cases , respectively , on amphotericin ( p < 0.001 ) . Amphotericin also brought about quicker abatement of fever and more complete spleen regression ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
745
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14320",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14321",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14322",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amphotericin B"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14323",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine isethionate"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14325",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14326",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14327",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14328",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Amphotericin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14329",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"initial cure"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14330",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"definitive cure"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14331",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"abatement of fever"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14332",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complete spleen regression"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14333",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"antimony-unresponsive kala-azar"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14334",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"120"
],
"offsets": [
[
177,
180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14335",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"antimony-unresponsive kala-azar"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14336 | 1359809 | [
{
"id": "14337",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dexmedetomidine infusion for maintenance of anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy . The usefulness of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion for maintenance of anesthesia was studied in patients anesthetized with thiopental , fentanyl , nitrous oxide , and oxygen . Isoflurane was added as needed . The study was conducted in two parts , the first of which was an open dose-response study that comprised 14 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy . After a suitable infusion regimen of dexmedetomidine was determined according to hemodynamic criteria , 20 patients were included in a double-blind , randomized placebo-controlled trial ( 10 receiving dexmedetomidine , 10 saline solution ) . Dexmedetomidine was administered as a two-step infusion to rapidly achieve a steady-state plasma concentration . The infusion was started with an initial dose given over 10 min before the induction of anesthesia ; at induction the maintenance rate was begun and continued until closure of the abdominal fascia . The infusion regimens of dexmedetomidine tested in the dose-response study ranged from 120 ng.kg-1 x min-1 , followed by 6 ng.kg-1 x min-1 , to 270 + 13.5 ng.kg-1 x min-1 . In the second part of the study , an initial infusion of 170 ng.kg-1 x min-1 was chosen , followed by 10 ng.kg-1 x min-1 for maintenance . Anesthesia was induced with thiopental ( 4.0 mg/kg ) and maintained with isoflurane in 70 % nitrous oxide and oxygen . Isoflurane was administered according to predetermined hemodynamic criteria . Dexmedetomidine infusion did not completely abolish the need for isoflurane but diminished its requirement by > 90 % ( P = 0.02 ) . The heart rate response to endotracheal intubation was significantly blunted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1739
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14338",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexmedetomidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14339",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexmedetomidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14340",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexmedetomidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14341",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14342",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexmedetomidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14343",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"saline solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14344",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
")"
],
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[
704,
705
]
],
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},
{
"id": "14345",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexmedetomidine"
],
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[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14346",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexmedetomidine"
],
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[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14347",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexmedetomidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14348",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Dexmedetomidine infusion did not completely abolish the need for isoflurane but diminished its requirement by > 90 % ( P = 0.02 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1529,
1658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14349",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate response to endotracheal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1665,
1711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14350",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"was significantly blunted"
],
"offsets": [
[
1712,
1737
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14351",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abdominal hysterectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
100
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14352 | 1370735 | [
{
"id": "14353",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Different aprotinin applications influencing hemostatic changes in orthotopic liver transplantation . The effect of different aprotinin applications on hemostatic changes and blood product requirements in orthotopic liver transplantation was investigated in a prospective , open , and randomized study . From November 1989 to June 1990 , 13 patients received aprotinin as a bolus of 0.5 Mill . Kallikrein inactivator units ( KIU ) on three occasions in the course of an OLT , whereas 10 other patients were treated with continuous aprotinin infusion of 0.1-0.4 Mill . KIU/hr . Before and after reperfusion of the graft liver , signs of hyperfibrinolysis , measured by thrombelastography , were significantly lower in the infusion group . Tissue-type plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) activity increased during the anhepatic phase but to a significantly lesser extent in the infusion group . Blood product requirements during OLT were tendentiously higher in the bolus group but not significantly so . However , the use of packed red blood cells was significantly lower in the postoperative period , whereas there was no significant difference in fresh frozen plasma requirements between the two groups . All 23 patients have survived , and only one woman of each group required retransplantation due to severe host-versus-graft reactions . Furthermore , we investigated the perfusate of the graft liver in both groups and detected signs of a decreased t-PA release in the infusion group . Our results demonstrate an advantage of aprotinin given as continuous infusion over bolus application in OLT ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1596
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14354",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Different aprotinin applications"
],
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[
0,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14355",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aprotinin applications"
],
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[
10,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14356",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aprotinin"
],
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[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14357",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bolus of 0.5 Mill"
],
"offsets": [
[
374,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14358",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"continuous aprotinin infusion of 0.1-0.4 Mill"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aprotinin"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14360",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"graft liver , signs of hyperfibrinolysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14361",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Tissue-type plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14362",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood product requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14363",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"packed red blood cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14364",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"plasma requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14365",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survived"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14366",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"retransplantation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1275,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14367",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"host-versus-graft reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14368",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"t-PA release"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14369",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"orthotopic liver transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14370",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14371",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"23"
],
"offsets": [
[
1205,
1207
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14372 | 1376306 | [
{
"id": "14373",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Induction chemotherapy in head and neck cancer : results of a phase III trial . Between December 1982 and October 1986 , 131 patients with stage II-III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or oral cavity were randomized to induction chemotherapy , consisting of bleomycin ( 10 mg/m2/day in continuous infusion from day 1 to day 5 ) , methotrexate ( 120 mg/m2 on day 2 ) followed by folinic acid , 5-fluorouracil ( 5 FU ) ( 600 mg/m2 on day 2 ) , and cisplatin ( 120 mg/m2 on day 4 ) every 4 weeks for a total of three cycles followed by definitive locoregional treatment versus locoregional treatment alone . The modalities of definitive treatment ( radiotherapy +/- surgery ) were chosen prior to randomization . A total of 116 patients were evaluable . Of 55 patients in the chemotherapy arm , four ( 7 % ) had a complete response ( CR ) and 23 ( 42 % ) a partial response ( PR ) following the induction regimen . At the completion of locoregional treatment , 76 % ( 42 of 55 ) of patients in the experimental group were in CR compared to 89 % ( 54 of 61 ) in the control group . There was no difference in survival , cause-specific survival , and pattern of relapse between both groups . The median survival was 22 months in the chemotherapy group and 29 months in the control group . Responders to chemotherapy did not fare better than nonresponders . Chemotherapy-related toxicities were few and most of them related to cisplatin which was reduced to 100 mg/m2 for 35 patients . There were no treatment-related deaths and , in the experimental arm of the trial , no increased morbidity from locoregional treatment . This induction regimen does not offer any advantages over standard treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1707
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Induction chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"induction chemotherapy , consisting of bleomycin ( 10 mg/m2/day in continuous infusion from day 1 to day 5 ) , methotrexate ( 120 mg/m2 on day 2 ) followed by folinic acid , 5-fluorouracil ( 5 FU ) ( 600 mg/m2 on day 2 ) , and cisplatin ( 120 mg/m2 on day 4 ) every 4 weeks"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14376",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"locoregional treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14377",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14378",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14379",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14380",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14381",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"cause-specific survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1128,
1151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14382",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pattern of relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14383",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14384",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Chemotherapy-related toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1364,
1395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14385",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1524,
1530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14386",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1589,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14387",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"head and neck cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14388",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stage II-III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx or oral cavity"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14389",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"116 patients were evaluable"
],
"offsets": [
[
733,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14390 | 1378689 | [
{
"id": "14391",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Iloprost in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures . The inhibition of platelet aggregation during cardiopulmonary bypass and effects on post-operative placebo-controlled study of 145 patients . Significant preservation of platelet numbers and function were shown without significant haemodynamic problems , but no effect on cerebral deficits could be found . The use of iloprost in patients with severe thrombocytopenia seems justified , but the clinical benefits from its use in routine cardiopulmonary bypass remain to be shown ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
527
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14392",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Iloprost"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14393",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14394",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"iloprost"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14395",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiopulmonary bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14396",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14397",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"145"
],
"offsets": [
[
175,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14398",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe thrombocytopenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14399 | 1390473 | [
{
"id": "14400",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cone biopsy : has endocervical sampling a role ? OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity , specificity and predictive value of endocervical sampling in women with abnormal cervical smears . DESIGN A randomized study of two methods of endocervical sampling . SETTING Colposcopy clinic at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary . SUBJECTS 100 women with abnormal cervical smears selected for cone biopsy according to current colposcopy criteria . INTERVENTIONS 53 women were randomized to have endocervical sampling with the Kevorkian curette and 47 to have sampling with the Medscand endocervical brush . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cytology and histology results from endocervical sampling compared with cone biopsy histology . RESULTS The overall sensitivity of endocervical sampling was 56 % , with a false negative rate of 44 % and a negative predictive value of 26 % . CONCLUSIONS Endocervical sampling should not influence management when colposcopy is unsatisfactory ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
955
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14401",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14402",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14403",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14404",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling with the Kevorkian curette"
],
"offsets": [
[
479,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14405",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"sampling with the Medscand endocervical brush"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14406",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14407",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14408",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14409",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Cytology and histology results from endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
613,
670
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14410",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cone biopsy histology"
],
"offsets": [
[
685,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14411",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sensitivity of endocervical sampling"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14412",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"false negative rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14413",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"negative predictive value"
],
"offsets": [
[
818,
843
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14414",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14415",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abnormal cervical smears ."
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14416",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"100"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14417",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14418",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abnormal cervical smears"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
188
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14419 | 1391736 | [
{
"id": "14420",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of peptic ulcer disease with furazolidone . Furazolidone ( FZ ) has been used in China as a treatment of peptic ulcer disease for about 20 years . Clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has good short-term and long-term effects on both human and animal ulcers . The ulcer healing rate is related to the dosage and course of treatment . The healing rate of a high dose , 2 week course is about 70-75 % and the relapse rate after 3 years is 9.5 % . The adverse reactions to FZ are not severe , and are well tolerated in most patients . However the mutagenic studies of several biological systems indicate that it has a mutagenic effect , but the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals remain questionable , because FZ has been biotransformed into other metabolites . The mechanisms of FZ in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease are not fully understood , perhaps partly due to the monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) inhibitory reaction and partly to the antibacterial activity to Helicobacter pylori ( HP ) . The long-term effects of FZ are still not clear ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1087
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14421",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"furazolidone . Furazolidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14422",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peptic ulcer disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14423",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peptic"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14424",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"animal ulcers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14425",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ulcer healing"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14426",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14427",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mutagenic"
],
"offsets": [
[
567,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14428",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"carcinogenic"
],
"offsets": [
[
679,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14429",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) inhibitory reaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
919,
964
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14430",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antibacterial activity to Helicobacter pylori"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14431",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peptic ulcer disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14432",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peptic ulcer disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14433",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"human"
],
"offsets": [
[
257,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14434",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"animal ulcers"
],
"offsets": [
[
267,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14435",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peptic ulcer disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14436 | 1394200 | [
{
"id": "14437",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Perioperative immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin 2 in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer . Major surgery impairs the cellular immune response . We have therefore studied the immunological effects of low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 given to patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer to determine whether this agent has potential in perioperative adjuvant immunotherapy . Patients were randomly allocated to control ( n = 13 ) or treatment groups ( n = 12 ) . Immunological studies of both lymphocyte function and subset number were performed preoperatively and on Days 1 , 4 , 7 , and 10 . Treatment with recombinant interleukin 2 prevented the postoperative fall in both natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity , clearly demonstrated in the control group . The treatment group also showed in vivo T-cell activation with an initial lymphopenia followed by a rebound lymphocytosis and upregulation of the subset markers CD25 ( interleukin 2 receptor ) and CD45RO ( T-memory cells ) . These combined effects may have important consequences in controlling metastatic dissemination of tumor during the vulnerable perioperative period ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1189
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14438",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant interleukin 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14439",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low-dose recombinant interleukin 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14440",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14441",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant interleukin 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14442",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lymphocyte function"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14443",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
705,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14444",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vivo T-cell activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14445",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rebound lymphocytosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
916,
937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14446",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"upregulation of the subset markers CD25 ( interleukin 2 receptor )"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14447",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD45RO ( T-memory cells )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1013,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14448",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14449 | 1396108 | [
{
"id": "14450",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Buprenorphine alone and in combination with naloxone in non-dependent humans . This study evaluated the effects of concurrent naloxone on the opioid agonist effects of buprenorphine , a mixed agonist-antagonist marketed as an analgesic and under development as a treatment for drug abuse . In a residential laboratory seven non-physically-dependent opioid abuser volunteers received intramuscular buprenorphine ( 0.4 mg or 0.8 mg/70 kg ) alone and in combination with naloxone ( 0.4 mg or 0.8 mg/70 kg ) versus placebo . Buprenorphine produced dose-related opioid agonist effects on physiological and subjective measures . Concurrent naloxone attenuated the opioid agonist effects of buprenorphine . Thus , a combination product of buprenorphine and naloxone may have lower abuse liability than buprenorphine alone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
816
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14451",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"naloxone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14452",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"buprenorphine"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14453",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
511,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"physiological and subjective measures"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
620
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14455",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the opioid agonist effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14456",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"abuse liability"
],
"offsets": [
[
774,
789
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14457",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
318,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14458",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"opioid abuser"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14459 | 1408861 | [
{
"id": "14460",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial of a health care program for first-time adolescent mothers and their infants . To test the effectiveness of a special health care program for adolescent mothers ( 17 years old or younger ) and their infants , 243 mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to one of two groups . All of the mothers were unwed , on Medicaid , and black . The control group received routine well-baby care . The experimental group received routine care and services that included rigorous follow-up , discussions with the mother about her plans for return to school and use of family planning methods , and extra health teaching . The dropout rate in the experimental group ( 60 % ) was significantly less after 18 months than the control group ( 82 % ) . In spite of the high dropout rate , 91 % of the mothers were located for the 18 month follow-up interview . The repeat pregnancy rate in the experimental group was 12 % after 18 months , and 28 % in the control group . There was no significant difference in the percentage returning to school . After 12 months , the infants in the experimental group were more likely to be fully immunized ( 33 % ) than the infants in the control group ( 18 % ) . Mothers in the special care program who continued to attend clinic used the emergency room less than the mothers who continued to attend in the control group . These results suggest that a comprehensive health care program is one way to bring about better outcomes for both adolescent mothers and their infants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1516
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14461",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"health care program for first-time adolescent mothers and their infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14462",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"special health care program"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14463",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"control group received routine well-baby care"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14464",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"routine care and services that included rigorous follow-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14465",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"discussions with the mother about her plans for return to school and use of family planning methods"
],
"offsets": [
[
501,
600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14466",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"extra health teaching"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14467",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"special care program"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14468",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"comprehensive health care program"
],
"offsets": [
[
1393,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14469",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"repeat pregnancy rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
868,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14470",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"percentage returning to school"
],
"offsets": [
[
1018,
1048
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14471",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fully immunized"
],
"offsets": [
[
1130,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14472",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"used the emergency room less"
],
"offsets": [
[
1271,
1299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14473",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"first-time"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14474",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescent"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14475",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"and their"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14476",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14477",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescent"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14478",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"mothers"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14479",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"( 17 years old or younger ) and their infants ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14480",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"243"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14481",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"were randomly assigned"
],
"offsets": [
[
252,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14482 | 1409770 | [
{
"id": "14483",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The cumulative dose response effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on blood pressure , plasma lipid profile and diet pattern in mild to moderate essential hypertensive black patients . In this study eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) were given in a cumulative manner , every 6 weeks , starting with 10 mg , then 100 mg , 1000 mg and 10,000 mg EPA daily to mild to moderate essential hypertensive black patients . The corresponding DHA doses were 3 , 33 , 333 and 3333 mg. A control group was given olive oil as placebo for the entire 24 weeks . The placebo group had lower diastolic and systolic blood pressures after 24 weeks than the EPA and DHA group . No effect was seen on plasma triglycerides , cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase at any stage of the trial . In the EPA group plasma free-EPA increased significantly from 1000 mg onwards and plasma free-arachidonic acid ( AA ) decreased after 1000 mg EPA . No other plasma free essential fatty acid changed during the trial , although the HDL : cholesterol increased slightly but non-significantly with an increase in EPA and DHA . No significant changes in diet pattern or body mass was observed . It is therefore concluded that EPA and DHA supplementation had no beneficial effects in mild to moderate essential hypertensive black patients except for a lowering of plasma AA ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1404
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14484",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eicosapentaenoic"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14485",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14487",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
247,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14488",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14489",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14490",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"olive oil as placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
541,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14491",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14492",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14493",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14494",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14495",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14496",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DHA supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1264,
1283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14500",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure , plasma lipid profile and diet pattern"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14501",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower diastolic and systolic blood pressures"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14502",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma triglycerides , cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
806
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14503",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma free-EPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
867
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14504",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma free-arachidonic acid ( AA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma free essential fatty acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14506",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HDL : cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EPA and DHA"
],
"offsets": [
[
679,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diet pattern or body mass"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lowering of plasma AA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1381,
1402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14510",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild to moderate essential hypertensive black patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14511 | 1410028 | [
{
"id": "14512",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The radial forearm flap : a biomechanical study of donor-site morbidity utilizing sheep tibia . The use of vascularized bone grafts to reconstruct extremity and mandibular defects is now commonplace in reconstructive surgery . Fibula , scapula , iliac crest , rib , and metatarsal as well as the radial forearm osseocutaneous flaps have all been utilized for this purpose . Troublesome spiral fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures associated with the use of the distal radius as a vascularized bone-graft donor site . This study was proposed to investigate the effect of donor-site bone loss on the strength of the radius under torsional ( rotational ) loading . Previous clinical series and experimental studies have not examined this aspect of distal radius loading after harvesting the bone graft . Fifty pairs of sheep tibiae were utilized in the experiment . Five pairs were used in a pilot study and 45 pairs were used in the main experiment . Five pairs of human radii were used for the control in the pilot study . The pilot study attempted to make a comparison between the human radius and the sheep tibia for experimental purposes . For the biomechanical study of donor-site defects , four study groups were examined with random assignment and matched pairs . The control group ( group 1 ) had no alteration to the bone . Each test condition included five matched pairs of sheep tibiae . Experiment 1 compared the difference in the depth of the osteotomy defect . In doing this , one-third of the total length of the bone was removed in each of the following specimens to include ( 1a ) 30 percent of the cross-sectional area of the total bone , ( 1b ) 37 percent of the cross-sectional area of the total bone , and ( 1c ) 50 percent of the cross-sectional area of the total bone . In experiment 2 , the osteotomy shape was varied . Instead of the ends of the cuts being squared , the ends were beveled or rounded . Experiment 3 compared different lengths of bone removed in the osteotomy defect and included the following : In experiment 3a the diameter of the sheep tibia was measured at the incisura fibularis . This dimension was one diameter of bone , and a one-diameter length of bone was removed . In experiment 3b , a two-diameter length of bone was removed . In experiment 3c , a three-diameter length of bone was removed . In experiment 3d , a four-diameter length of bone was removed . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2465
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14513",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"vascularized bone grafts"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14514",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"no alteration to the bone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1327,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14515",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"one-third of the total length of the bone was removed"
],
"offsets": [
[
1513,
1566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14516",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"osteotomy shape"
],
"offsets": [
[
1837,
1852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14517",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"osteotomy defect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1478,
1496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14518",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"osteotomy shape"
],
"offsets": [
[
1837,
1852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14519",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
830
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14520",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Five"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
891
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14521",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"45"
],
"offsets": [
[
929,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14522",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Five"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
891
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14523 | 1411449 | [
{
"id": "14524",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Physical performance and sedation : comparative study of the effects of a benzodiazepine ( temazepam ) and of a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic ( zolpidem ) ] . It is well-known that many athletes experience some form of precompetition stress that may result in insomnia during the night before their competition . Yet , sleep withdrawal even if only partial , has a negative influence on performance , particularly when the type of exercise requires good psychomotor performance The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the intake of a hypnotic drug would have negative effects on physical performance capacity . The authors have compared the effects of oral temazepam , a medium half-life benzodiazepine vs oral zolpidem , a short half-life non-benzodiazepine drug , vs placebo . A randomized double-blind trial was used to assess endurance , resistance , strength and coordination in 26 athletes . The results did not show any differences between the three groups , neither in physical performance characteristic nor in coordination . It is concluded that as regards the performance capacity , there is no risk for stressed athletes to use sleep inducers the night before their competition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1211
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"benzodiazepine ( temazepam )"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14526",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic ( zolpidem )"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral temazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
686
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14528",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"medium half-life benzodiazepine"
],
"offsets": [
[
691,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral zolpidem"
],
"offsets": [
[
726,
739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"a short half-life non-benzodiazepine drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14531",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14532",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"endurance"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14533",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14534",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14535",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
318
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14536",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"strength"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14537",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14538",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"coordination"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14539",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"physical performance characteristic nor in coordination"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14540",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"26 athletes"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14541",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
1135,
1143
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14542 | 1412152 | [
{
"id": "14543",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Desmopressin has no beneficial effect on excessive postoperative bleeding or blood product requirements associated with cardiopulmonary bypass . Cardiopulmonary bypass during open-heart surgery is sometimes associated with excessive perioperative bleeding . Following a non-randomized study suggesting that desmopressin acetate ( desmopressin ) reduced blood product requirements in these patients , we conducted a double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized trial of desmopressin ( 0.3 micrograms/kg , i. v. ) in 92 patients with overt bleeding and a prolonged bleeding time . Mean blood loss during the first 24 h post-treatment was similar in the desmopressin and placebo groups ( 582 vs 465 ml , respectively ; p = 0.15 ) . Red-cell ( p = 0.76 ) , fresh frozen plasma ( r = 0.66 ) and platelet unit ( p = 0.74 ) requirements were also similar . The haemostatic effect of desmopressin has been attributed to the release of von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) and a reduced bleeding time . In our study , vWF and factor VIII : C levels increased while the bleeding time decreased significantly at 90 min and 24 h in both groups and , although vWF and factor VIII : C levels were slightly higher in desmopressin-treated patients at 90 min , the difference was not significant . Thrombin-antithrombin III complex , fibrinogen degradation product and tissue plasminogen activator levels , reflecting activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems , respectively , decreased uniformly in both groups . We conclude that desmopressin is not useful in reducing blood loss or blood product requirements in patients with excessive immediate postoperative bleeding ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1661
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14544",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14545",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin acetate ( desmopressin )"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14546",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14547",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14548",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desmopressin"
],
"offsets": [
[
307,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14549",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14550",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14551",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"perioperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14552",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14553",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding time"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14554",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vWF and factor VIII : C levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleeding time"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vWF and factor VIII : C levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Thrombin-antithrombin III complex"
],
"offsets": [
[
1274,
1307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14558",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fibrinogen degradation product"
],
"offsets": [
[
1310,
1340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14560",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14561",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tissue plasminogen activator levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1345,
1380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14562",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems"
],
"offsets": [
[
1394,
1448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14563",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood loss or blood product requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1559,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14564",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14565",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"blood product requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14566",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiopulmonary bypass"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14567",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"92"
],
"offsets": [
[
515,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14568",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"overt bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14569",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prolonged bleeding time"
],
"offsets": [
[
553,
576
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14570 | 1415973 | [
{
"id": "14571",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Isoflurane and propofol for long-term sedation in the intensive care unit . A crossover study . Propofol and isoflurane have been reported recently to offer better sedation than alternative agents in patients who require long-term ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit . This is the first report of a direct comparison between propofol and isoflurane . Twenty-four patients predicted to require artificial ventilation for at least 48 h were entered into a randomised crossover study to monitor sedation quality and time to recovery from sedation . There were no significant differences between the two agents in either end-point , with over 95 % optimal sedation achieved by the use of each drug . Few adverse events were noted . Technological advances in the administration of volatile agents as long-term sedatives in the Intensive Care Unit may facilitate their more widespread use ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
887
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14576",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14577",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sedation quality"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14578",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to recovery from sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
546
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14579",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"optimal sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14580",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14581",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"who require long-term ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14582",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14583",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"require artificial ventilation for at least 48 h"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14584 | 1420057 | [
{
"id": "14585",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prevention of acute postoperative pressure rises in glaucoma patients undergoing cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant . Acute elevations in intraocular pressure ( IOP ) commonly follow extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implant in glaucoma patients . Thirty six patients with glaucoma undergoing cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation received one of three treatments . Group 1 : 500 mg of Diamox Sustets ( acetazolamide ) 1 hour preoperatively ( 10 patients ) ; Group 2 : peroperative intracameral Miochol ( acetylcholine ) ( 11 patients ) ; Group 3 : the above treatments combined ( 15 patients ) . IOPs were measured at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 24 hours postoperatively . The average of the maximum pressure rises above the preoperative level over the 24 hour period was greatest for the group receiving acetazolamide only at 8.9 mm Hg ; for the acetylcholine group the average maximum rise was 6.3 mm Hg ; while the combined treatment group showed a decrease of 0.7 mm Hg . IOP rises of > 6 mm Hg were seen in 7 % of patients ( one of 15 ) in the combined treatment group , 45 % ( five of 11 ) of the acetylcholine group , and 70 % ( seven of 10 ) of the acetazolamide group . IOP rises of > 10 mm Hg were seen in 7 % of the combined treatment group , in 18 % of the acetylcholine only group , and in 50 % of the acetazolamide only group . A pressure rise > 20 mm Hg was seen in one patient receiving acetazolamide only and one patient receiving acetylcholine only . The difference between the acetylcholine group and the combined group for rises > 6 mm Hg was significant using the chi 2 test while the acetazolamide group showed a significant difference for rises > 6 and 10 mm Hg compared with the combined group . All acute pressure rises were recorded before or at 9 hours following operation except in the combined treatment patient where the rise occurred at 24 hours . To prevent the acute IOP rises seen following cataract surgery with lens implant in glaucoma patients we recommend combined ocular hypotensive therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2072
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14586",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diamox Sustets ( acetazolamide )"
],
"offsets": [
[
438,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14587",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"peroperative intracameral Miochol ( acetylcholine )"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14588",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"treatments combined"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14590",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14591",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14592",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14593",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14595",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14597",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14598",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"acetazolamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14599",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combined treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14600",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraocular pressure ( IOP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
159,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14601",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IOPs"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"average of the maximum pressure rises"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14603",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IOP rises"
],
"offsets": [
[
1017,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14604",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IOP rises"
],
"offsets": [
[
1017,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14605",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pressure rise > 20 mm Hg"
],
"offsets": [
[
1385,
1409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14606",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rises > 6 mm Hg"
],
"offsets": [
[
1584,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14607",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rises > 6"
],
"offsets": [
[
1584,
1593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14608",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute pressure rises"
],
"offsets": [
[
1765,
1785
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14609",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute IOP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1935,
1944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14610",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"glaucoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14611",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"posterior chamber lens implant"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14612",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty six"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14613 | 1423955 | [
{
"id": "14614",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous diltiazem in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter . BACKGROUND Diltiazem , a calcium channel blocker , has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients in atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter . However , there have been no pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of diltiazem in these patients . METHODS AND RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous diltiazem were determined in 32 patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter ( mean +/- SD age , 66 +/- 7 years ; mean baseline heart rate , 131 +/- 10 beats per minute ) after 20 mg or 20 mg followed by 25-mg bolus doses and a 10 and 15 mg/hr infusion for 24 hours . After the 10 and 15 mg/hr infusions of diltiazem , mean +/- SD elimination half-life was 6.8 +/- 1.8 and 6.9 +/- 1.5 hours , volume of distribution was 411 +/- 151.8 and 299 +/- 70.8 I , and systemic clearance was 42 +/- 12.4 and 31 +/- 8.3 l/hr , respectively . Percentages of the plasma concentrations of the principal metabolites desacetyldiltiazem and N-desmethyldiltiazem to diltiazem were < 15 % and < 10 % , respectively . Thirty of 32 patients maintained response throughout the 24-hour infusion of diltiazem . Using a sigmoidal Emax pharmacodynamic model , a strong relation ( mean +/- SD r2 , 0.78 +/- 0.2 ) was observed between plasma diltiazem concentration and percent heart rate reduction . Mean +/- SD Emax ( maximum percent reduction in heart rate from baseline ) and EC50 ( plasma diltiazem concentration that achieves half Emax ) were 52 +/- 17 % and 110 +/- 84 ng/ml , respectively . The model predicts that mean plasma diltiazem concentration of 79 , 172 , and 294 ng/ml are required to produce a 20 % , 30 % , and 40 % reduction in heart rate , respectively . A relation between plasma diltiazem concentration and percent change in systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) or diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) from baseline was not observed ( mean +/- SD r2 , SBP/DBP : 0.35 +/- 0.24/0.36 +/- 0.2 ) . There were no untoward side effects observed . CONCLUSIONS First , the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter is nonlinear with an apparent dose-dependent decrease in systemic clearance with increasing infusion rate . Second , using a sigmoidal Emax model , there is a strong relation between plasma diltiazem concentration and percent heart rate reduction . Third , the plasma concentrations of the principal metabolites desacetyldiltiazem and N-desmethyldiltiazem are low and are not expected to contribute significantly to the pharmacodynamics of intravenous diltiazem in these patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2690
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14615",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14616",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14617",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14618",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14619",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14620",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Percentages of the plasma concentrations of the principal metabolites desacetyldiltiazem and N-desmethyldiltiazem to diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14621",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma diltiazem concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1380,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percent heart rate reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1415,
1443
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"EC50"
],
"offsets": [
[
1525,
1529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma diltiazem concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1380,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14625",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14626",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic blood pressure ( SBP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1894,
1925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14627",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic blood pressure ( DBP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1929,
1961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14628",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14629",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients in atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter ."
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
286
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14630 | 1426893 | [
{
"id": "14631",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Interferon alfa in acute posttransfusion hepatitis C : a randomized , controlled trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
88
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14632",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Interferon alfa"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14633",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute posttransfusion hepatitis C :"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14634 | 1440804 | [
{
"id": "14635",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The relationship between the response of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to mefloquine in African children and its sensitivity in vitro . The clinical efficacy of two doses of mefloquine ( 15 and 25 mg/kg body weight ) was evaluated in 85 children suffering from acute symptomatic falciparum malaria . The cure rate on day 28 was 100 % in both groups . There was no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) in the mean parasite and fever clearance times in both groups ( 48.5 +/- 14.6 and 32.0 +/- 12.7 h respectively for the 25 mg/kg group and 49.0 +/- 15.1 and 30.0 +/- 13.3 h respectively for the 15 mg/kg group ) . There was also no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) in these values between children with hyperparasitaemia ( 53.6 +/- 11.1 and 36.0 +/- 17.0 h respectively ) and those without hyperparasitaemia ( 49.1 +/- 13.6 and 31.8 +/- 14.6 h respectively ) . Recurrence of parasitaemia was observed after day 30 in 2 patients in the 15 mg/kg group and in 1 patient in the 25 mg/kg group . In vitro , 3 of 21 isolates showed reduced susceptibility to mefloquine , with minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC ) > 67 nM/litre . The MIC and 50 % , 90 % and 99 % inhibitory concentrations were 200.8 , 6.27 , 31.7 and 119.6 nM/litre respectively . Four of 22 isolates were resistant to chloroquine ( MIC > 108 nM/litre ) . Isolates that showed low sensitivity to mefloquine in vitro were sensitive to chloroquine in vitro , and the 4 that were resistant to chloroquine were sensitive to mefloquine . Irrespective of MIC and dose of mefloquine , parasitaemia cleared in all subjects in 96 h or less . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1634
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14636",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefloquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14637",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefloquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14638",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefloquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14639",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chloroquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1285,
1296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14640",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mefloquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14641",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cure rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14642",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean parasite and fever clearance times"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Recurrence of parasitaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14644",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"susceptibility to mefloquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1035,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14645",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"inhibitory concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14646",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"resistant"
],
"offsets": [
[
1272,
1281
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14647",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14648",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"85"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14649",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14650",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute symptomatic falciparum malaria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14651 | 1444609 | [
{
"id": "14652",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Mitoxantrone ( MTX ) versus mitomycin C ( MMC ) in the ablative treatment of Ta , T1 superficial bladder tumors . Phase III , randomized prospective study ] . A prospective randomized study was conducted to determine the ablation capacity of mitoxantrone in Ta-T1 superficial bladder tumors versus mitomycin C , a drug whose intravesical ablation properties are well-known . Fifty-seven patients comprised the study . The tumor was not completely resected when the patient underwent TUR . This residual tumor was used as control . The patients were treated with either 20 mg Mitoxantrone or 40 mg mitomycin C weekly for 8 weeks and two other instillations every 15 days in 50 ml saline solution . Response to therapy was evaluated between the 4th and 8th week and classified as complete response ( CR ) , defined as no gross and microscopic evidence of residual tumor , or no response ( NR ) or therapeutic failure . CR was observed in 77.7 % of the patients treated with mitomycin C and in 50 % in those that had been treated with Mitoxantrone . Treatment was discontinued because of side effects in 15 % of the patients treated with mitomycin C and in 63.4 % of those who received Mitoxantrone . We can conclude from the results of the present study that Mitoxantrone is a useful agent for ablation therapy of superficial bladder tumors , although the high incidence of severe side effects warrants its limited use and at high dilutions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1442
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14653",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"[ Mitoxantrone ( MTX ) versus mitomycin C ( MMC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14654",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14655",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitomycin C"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14656",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14657",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitomycin C"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14658",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitomycin C"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14659",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14660",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitomycin C"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14661",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14662",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14663",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ablation capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14664",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Response to therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
699,
718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14665",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"complete response ( CR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gross and microscopic evidence of residual tumor"
],
"offsets": [
[
821,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14667",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"no response ( NR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
875,
893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14668",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
916
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14669",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14670",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1087,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14671",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Ta , T1 superficial bladder tumors"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14672",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14673 | 1444872 | [
{
"id": "14674",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Unstable angina : comparison of the effects of diltiazem and propranolol ] . PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of diltiazem and propranolol in patients with unstable angina . METHODS Fifty-six patients with unstable angina , mean age of 55.4 +/- 8.5 , 41 men and 15 women , were evaluated in a randomized , double-blind study of two groups of patients treated with diltiazem or propranolol at total daily doses of 180 mg and 120 mg respectively during the first 48 hours . After that the total daily doses was adjusted to 240 mg and 160 mg , respectively , until the 7th day . The first 48 hours , four times daily , clinical evaluation , CKMB data , ECG were obtained and two times daily until 7th day . A coronary arteriography was done on study entry . RESULTS A significative reduction of angina crisis number , duration , intensity and the number of sublingual nitrates doses were observed equally in both groups . The SAP , DAP , HR and RR did not show statistical differences between groups . Individual groups analysis showed significative reductions of SAP , DAP and HR in propranolol group . The CKMB data , ECG alterations and coronary arteriography characteristics were similar . CONCLUSION Both drugs were effective for the unstable angina treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1264
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14675",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14676",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14677",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14678",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14679",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diltiazem"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14681",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"coronary arteriography"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14682",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14683",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical evaluation"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14684",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"CKMB data"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14685",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ECG"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14686",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction of angina crisis number , duration , intensity"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14687",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"number of sublingual nitrates doses"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14688",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SAP , DAP , HR and RR"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14689",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SAP , DAP and HR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1062,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14690",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"CKMB data"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14691",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ECG alterations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1118,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14692",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary arteriography"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14693 | 1445476 | [
{
"id": "14694",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Controlled study on the therapeutic efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine in patients with congestive heart failure . A double-blind phase II study of propionyl-L-carnitine ( CAS 17298-37-2 ) versus placebo was carried out on a group of 60 patients with mild to moderate ( II and III NYHA class ) congestive heart failure . The group was made up of men and women aged between 48 and 73 years in chronic treatment with digitalis and diuretics for at least 3 months and who still displayed symptoms . Thirty of these patients were chosen randomly and for 180 days , 500 mg of propionyl-L-carnitine was orally administered , 3 times a day in addition to their usual treatment . At basal conditions and after 30 , 90 and 180 days the maximum exercise time was evaluated using an exercise tolerance test performed on an ergometer bicycle and the left ventricular ejection fraction was tested by means of bidimensional echocardiography . After one month of treatment , the patients treated with propionyl-L-carnitine , compared to the control group , showed significant increases in the values of both tests , increases which became even more evident after 90 and 180 days . At the stated times the increases in the maximum exercise time were 16.4 % , 22.9 % , and 25.9 % , respectively . The ventricular ejection fraction increased by 8.4 % , 11.6 % and 13.6 % , respectively . On the basis of these results , having studied the particular mechanism of action of propionyl-L-carnitine the authors conclude that it represents a drug of undoubted therapeutic interest in patients with congestive heart failure , in whom it could be efficaciously administered along with a standard pharmacological therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1695
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14695",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"500 mg of propionyl-L-carnitine"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14696",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise tolerance test"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14697",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"bidimensional echocardiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14698",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14699",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum exercise time"
],
"offsets": [
[
726,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14700",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"exercise tolerance test"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
794
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14701",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14702",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bidimensional echocardiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14703",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"values of both tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14704",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum exercise time"
],
"offsets": [
[
726,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14705",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ventricular ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
842,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14706",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficaciously"
],
"offsets": [
[
1621,
1634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14707",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"congestive heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14708",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14709",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14710",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate ( II and III NYHA class ) congestive heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14711",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14712",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14713",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"between 48 and 73 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14714",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14715",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"congestive heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14716 | 1448121 | [
{
"id": "14717",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 021 . BACKGROUND Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) continues to be the most common index diagnosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , but it is not clear which of several available agents is the most effective in preventing a recurrence of PCP . METHODS We conducted a comparative , open-label trial in 310 adults with AIDS who had recently recovered from an initial episode of PCP and had no treatment-limiting toxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine . All the patients were treated with zidovudine and were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim once daily or 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine administered every four weeks by jet nebulizer . The participants were followed for a median of 17.4 months . RESULTS In the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group ( n = 154 ) there were 14 recurrences of PCP , as compared with 36 recurrences ( including 1 extrapulmonary recurrence ) in the aerosolized-pentamidine group ( n = 156 ) . The estimated recurrence rates at 18 months were 11.4 percent with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 27.6 percent with pentamidine ( P < 0.001 ) . The risk of a recurrence ( adjusted for initial CD4 cell count ) was 3.25 times higher in the pentamidine group ( P < 0.001 , 95 percent confidence interval , 1.72 to 6.16 ) . There were no significant differences between the groups in survival or in hematologic or hepatic toxicity . Crossovers from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to aerosolized pentamidine were more common than the reverse ( 27 vs. 4 percent ) , partly because of the study protocols for the management of leukopenia . There were 19 serious bacterial infections in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group and 38 in the pentamidine group . The time to a first bacterial infection was significantly greater for those assigned to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( P = 0.017 ) . CONCLUSIONS In patients with AIDS who are receiving zidovudine , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is more effective than aerosolized pentamidine in conventional doses for the prevention of recurrent pneumocystis infection ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2367
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14718",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14719",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14720",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14721",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14722",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14723",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim"
],
"offsets": [
[
823,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14724",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
924
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14725",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"jet nebulizer"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14726",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14727",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14728",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14729",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14730",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14731",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14732",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"zidovudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14733",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14734",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14735",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preventing a recurrence of PCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14736",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrences of PCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1112,
1130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14737",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrence rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1272,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14738",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14739",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1641,
1649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14740",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hematologic or hepatic toxicity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1656,
1689
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14741",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bacterial infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
1915,
1935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14742",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to a first bacterial infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
2017,
2052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14743",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prevention of recurrent pneumocystis infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
2319,
2365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14744",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acquired immunodeficiency syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14745",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"310"
],
"offsets": [
[
559,
562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14746",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14747",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14748",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"recently recovered from an initial episode of PCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14749",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"no treatment-limiting toxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
646,
729
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14750",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
201
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14751 | 1449552 | [
{
"id": "14752",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oestrogen replacement after oophorectomy : comparison of patches and implants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
79
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14753",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oestrogen replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14754",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"patches"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14755",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"implants"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14756",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Oestrogen replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14757",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"oophorectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14758 | 14506591 | [
{
"id": "14759",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Biodistribution of three photosensitizers in dogs with spontaneous tumors . Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) has been considered a potential method for tumor eradication . The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of PDT as an alternative treatment approach . Photosensitizers , such as porfimer sodium , tin ethyl etiopurpurin , and aluminum chlorophthalocyanine , were administered i.v . to dogs , and tissue samples were harvested 24 to 300 hours later . The uptake of the photosensitizers in tumor ( fibrosarcoma ) and adjacent normal tissue biopsies was quantified by tissue solubilization technique and fluorimetry . In addition , the pharmacokinetics and selectivity of the photosensitizers were addressed by two-phase exponential function and specific uptake ratio , respectively . Porfimer sodium exhibited a longer elimination half-life ( 175.3 hr ) , slower clearance ( 0.0028 L/kg/hr ) , and a larger area under the curve ( 1075 microg/g/hr ) in tumors than did tin ethyl etiopurpurin or aluminum chlorophthalocyanine . As a result , porfimer sodium showed a good selectivity in tumors located in muscle and skin . The study provided clinical information for determination of the efficacy of different PDT alternatives ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1240
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14760",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tin ethyl etiopurpurin"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
335
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14761",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aluminum chlorophthalocyanine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14762",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"longer elimination half-life"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14763",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"slower clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
870,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14764",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"larger area under the curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
914,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14765",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"good selectivity in tumors located in muscle and skin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14766",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14767",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"dogs with spontaneous tumors ."
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14768 | 1451242 | [
{
"id": "14769",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A prospective , placebo-controlled , randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase and angioplasty versus lone angioplasty therapy of acute myocardial infarction . BACKGROUND The value of routine administration of intravenous thrombolytic agents during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) therapy of acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) has not been determined . Therefore , we prospectively randomized 122 patients with evolving MI to PTCA therapy with or without adjunctive intravenous streptokinase therapy . METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with ECG ST segment elevation who presented within 4 hours of symptom onset , had no contraindication to thrombolytic therapy , and were not in cardiogenic shock were enrolled . They were treated immediately with intravenous heparin ( 10,000 units ) and oral aspirin ( 325 mg ) and randomized to treatment with placebo or streptokinase ( 1.5 M units ) administered intravenously over 30 minutes . Patients then were taken immediately to the catheterization laboratory , and those with suitable coronary anatomy underwent immediate PTCA . Subsequent clinical course , serial radionuclide ventriculography , and 6-month repeat angiography were analyzed . A total of 106 patients were treated with PTCA . Use of PTCA was similar for placebo ( 92 % ) and streptokinase ( 83 % ) groups . Angioplasty was successful in 95 % of patients , with no difference in placebo ( 93 % ) and streptokinase ( 98 % ) groups . Serial radionuclide ventriculography demonstrated no difference in 24-hour ( 52 +/- 12 % versus 50 +/- 12 % ) or 6-week ( 51 +/- 12 % versus 51 +/- 13 % ) ejection fraction values for placebo and streptokinase groups , respectively . Contrast ventriculography demonstrated improvement in immediate ( 54 +/- 12 % ) versus 6-month ( 60 +/- 15 % , p < 0.05 ) values for the overall group . No differences in 6-month values were present ( 58 +/- 15 % versus 62 +/- 15 % , p = NS ) for placebo and streptokinase groups , respectively . Coronary angiography was performed in 75 % of the 90 patients eligible for restudy . Arterial patency was 87 % at 6 months , and coronary restenosis was present in 38 % of patients . No differences in chronic patency or restenosis were detected for the two treatment groups . Although adjunctive intravenous streptokinase therapy did not improve outcome , it did complicate the hospital course . Hospitalization was longer ( 9.3 +/- 5.0 versus 7.7 +/- 4.4 days , p = 0.046 ) and more costly ( $ 25,191 +/- 15,368 versus $ 19,643 +/- 7,250 , p < 0.02 ) . Transfusion rate was higher ( 39 % versus 8 % , p = 0.0001 ) and need for emergency coronary bypass surgery was greater ( 10.3 % versus 1.6 % , p = 0.03 ) for the streptokinase-treated patients . CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive intravenous streptokinase therapy does not enhance early preservation of ventricular function , improve arterial patency rates , or lower restenosis rates after PTCA therapy of acute MI . Hospital course is longer , more expensive , and more complicated . For these reasons , PTCA therapy of acute MI should not be routinely performed with adjunctive intravenous streptokinase therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3156
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14770",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14771",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14772",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"angioplasty versus lone angioplasty therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14773",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thrombolytic agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14774",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14775",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTCA therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14776",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intravenous streptokinase therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
494,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14777",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"thrombolytic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14778",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14779",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14780",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14781",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14782",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"PTCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14783",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14784",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14785",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14786",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14787",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14788",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Coronary angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1997,
2017
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14789",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14790",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14791",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"streptokinase therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14792",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ejection fraction values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1621,
1645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14793",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Contrast ventriculography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1700,
1725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14794",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"6-month values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1871,
1885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14795",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Coronary angiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
1997,
2017
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14796",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Arterial patency"
],
"offsets": [
[
2082,
2098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14797",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary restenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2126,
2145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"chronic patency or restenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2198,
2227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14799",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
2393,
2408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14800",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costly"
],
"offsets": [
[
2481,
2487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14801",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Transfusion rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2551,
2567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14802",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ventricular function"
],
"offsets": [
[
2843,
2863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14803",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"evolving MI to PTCA therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
466
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14804",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ECG ST segment elevation"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14805",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"treated with PTCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1241,
1258
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14806 | 14514742 | [
{
"id": "14807",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Improved acidosis correction and recovery of mesothelial cell mass with neutral-pH bicarbonate dialysis solution among children undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis . Acid-base balance and peritoneal membrane longevity are of utmost relevance for pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) . PD fluids with neutral pH and reduced glucose degradation product contents are considered more biocompatible , because they preserve peritoneal cell functions in vitro . To investigate the clinical effects of a novel PD fluid buffered with 34 mM pure bicarbonate at neutral pH , a randomized , prospective , crossover comparison with conventional , acidic , 35 mM lactate PD fluid was performed for two consecutive 12-wk periods with 28 children ( age , 6 mo to 15 yr ) undergoing automated PD ( APD ) . Blood bicarbonate levels and arterial pH were significantly higher after 3 mo of bicarbonate PD ( 24.6 +/- 2.3 mM and 7.43 +/- 0.06 , respectively ) , compared with lactate PD ( 22.8 +/- 3.9 mM and 7.38 +/- 0.05 , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . This effect was reversible among patients who returned from bicarbonate to lactate fluid . Low initial pH and young patient age independently predicted increased blood pH during bicarbonate APD . Peritoneal equilibration tests revealed subtle changes in solute transport , with a less steep creatinine equilibration curve during bicarbonate dialysis , suggesting reduced peritoneal vasodilation . The peritoneal release of carcinogen antigen-125 increased twofold during bicarbonate APD ( 29 +/- 15 versus 15 +/- 8 U/ml per 4 h , P < 0.01 ) , which is consistent with recovery of the mesothelial cell layer . This effect was fully reversed when the patients returned to lactate fluid . Effluent carcinogen antigen-125 levels were inversely correlated with peritoneal glucose exposure during lactate but not bicarbonate APD , indicating improved in vivo mesothelial cell tolerance of high-dose glucose with the neutral-pH PD fluid with reduced glucose degradation product content . Among children undergoing APD , neutral-pH , bicarbonate-buffered PD fluid provides more effective correction of metabolic acidosis and better preservation of peritoneal cell mass than do conventional , acidic , lactate-based fluids ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2271
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14808",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"neutral-pH bicarbonate dialysis solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14809",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"automated peritoneal dialysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14810",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"peritoneal dialysis ( PD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14811",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"novel PD fluid buffered with 34 mM pure bicarbonate at neutral pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14812",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conventional , acidic , 35 mM lactate PD fluid"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14813",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"automated PD ( APD )"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14814",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bicarbonate PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
909
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14815",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lactate PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14816",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"neutral-pH PD fluid with reduced glucose degradation product content"
],
"offsets": [
[
1966,
2034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14817",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"APD , neutral-pH , bicarbonate-buffered PD fluid"
],
"offsets": [
[
2063,
2111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14818",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"conventional , acidic , lactate-based fluids"
],
"offsets": [
[
2225,
2269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14819",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14820",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood bicarbonate levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14821",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14822",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"higher"
],
"offsets": [
[
874,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14823",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bicarbonate PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
895,
909
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14824",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lactate PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14825",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"initial pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
1151,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14826",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pH"
],
"offsets": [
[
1218,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14827",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bicarbonate APD"
],
"offsets": [
[
1234,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14828",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subtle changes in solute transport"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14829",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"steep creatinine equilibration curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1377
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14830",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peritoneal release of carcinogen antigen-125 increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
1457,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14831",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Effluent carcinogen antigen-125 levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1742,
1780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14832",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14833",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"automated peritoneal dialysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14834",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"pediatric"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14835",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peritoneal dialysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14836",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14837",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"28"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14838",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14839",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"6 mo to 15 yr"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14840",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"automated PD"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14841",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"APD"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14842",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14843",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"APD"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14844 | 14519754 | [
{
"id": "14845",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial . The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial was a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to test whether selenium as selenized yeast ( 200 microg daily ) could prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer among 1312 patients from the Eastern United States who had previously had this disease . Results from September 15 , 1983 , through December 31 , 1993 , showed no association between treatment and the incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin . This report summarizes the entire blinded treatment period , which ended on January 31 , 1996 . The association between treatment and time to first nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis and between treatment and time to multiple skin tumors overall and within subgroups , defined by baseline characteristics , was evaluated . Although results through the entire blinded period continued to show that selenium supplementation was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of basal cell carcinoma ( hazard ratio [ HR ] = 1.09 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.94 to 1.26 ) , selenium supplementation was associated with statistically significantly elevated risk of squamous cell carcinoma ( HR = 1.25 , 95 % CI = 1.03 to 1.51 ) and of total nonmelanoma skin cancer ( HR = 1.17 , 95 % CI = 1.02 to 1.34 ) . Results from the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial conducted among individuals at high risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer continue to demonstrate that selenium supplementation is ineffective at preventing basal cell carcinoma and that it increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma and total nonmelanoma skin cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1727
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14846",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Selenium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14847",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"secondary prevention"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14848",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14849",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selenium as selenized yeast"
],
"offsets": [
[
237,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14850",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selenium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14851",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selenium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14852",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selenium supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14853",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14854",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to first nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14855",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to multiple skin tumors"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14856",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of basal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14857",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"elevated risk of squamous cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
1248,
1288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14858",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total nonmelanoma skin cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1335,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14859",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14860",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"squamous cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14861",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total nonmelanoma skin cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1696,
1727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14862",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nonmelanoma skin cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14863",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nonmelanoma skin cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14864",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1312"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14865",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Eastern United States"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14866",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"previously had this disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14867 | 14520769 | [
{
"id": "14868",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Analgesic efficacy of low-dose diclofenac versus paracetamol and placebo in postoperative dental pain . AIMS To compare the efficacy and safety of diclofenac-K ( 12.5 mg ) vs paracetamol ( 500 mg ) and placebo given in a flexible dosage regimen to treat pain resulting from extraction of impacted third molar teeth . METHODS This was a 2-day , double-blind , double-dummy , randomized , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study of diclofenac-K ( 12.5 mg ) tablets vs paracetamol ( 500 mg ) tablets and placebo in patients with moderate or severe pain within 8 hours of extraction of impacted third molars . RESULTS After the first 2-tablet dose , patients took on average 2.5 additional tablets of diclofenac-K or 2.4 tablets of paracetamol , almost all as 1-tablet doses . Most placebo patients discontinued by taking rescue medication ( ibuprofen 200 mg ) on the first day . Pain relief after the initial dose of diclofenac-K ( 2 x 12.5 mg ) was superior to placebo ( P < .01 for all efficacy outcomes ) and comparable to paracetamol ( 2 x 500 mg ) . About 30 % of patients in each active treatment group took rescue medication during the study , compared to 78 % on placebo . About 70 % in each active treatment group considered the overall pain relief to be \" some , \" \" a lot , \" or \" complete \" compared to only 15 % on placebo . The incidence of adverse events in each active treatment group was low and comparable between the treatments . CONCLUSION An initial double-dose of diclofenac-K ( 2 x 12.5 mg ) or paracetamol ( 2 x 500 mg ) adequately relieved the most intense postoperative pain , and the flexible multiple dose regimen ( 1 or 2 tablets ) maintained adequate pain relief thereafter . Most patients needed only 1-tablet doses following the initial 2-tablet dose ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1783
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14869",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14870",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14871",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14872",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac-K"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14873",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14874",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14875",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
404,
422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14876",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac-K ( 12.5 mg ) tablets vs paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14877",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac-K"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14879",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14880",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14881",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac-K"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14882",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14883",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14884",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14885",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14886",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diclofenac-K"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14887",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paracetamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14888",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14889",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"overall pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14890",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14891",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1581,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14892",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
1245,
1256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14893",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postoperative dental pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14894",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14895",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"extraction of impacted third molar teeth"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14896",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate or severe pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14897",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"extraction of impacted third molars"
],
"offsets": [
[
570,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14898",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1581,
1599
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14899 | 14521638 | [
{
"id": "14900",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized controlled trial of education and feedback for implementation of guidelines for acute low back pain . OBJECTIVE The effect of clinical guidelines on resource utilization for complex conditions with substantial barriers to clinician behavior change has not been well studied . We report the impact of a multifaceted guideline implementation intervention on primary care clinician utilization of radiologic and specialty services for the care of acute low back pain . DESIGN Physician groups were randomized to receive guideline education and individual feedback , supporting patient education materials , both , or neither . The impact on guideline adherence and resource utilization was evaluated during the 12-month period before and after implementation . PARTICIPANTS Fourteen physician groups with 120 primary care physician and associate practitioners from 2 group model HMO practices . INTERVENTIONS Guideline implementation utilized an education/audit/feedback model with local peer opinion leaders . The patient education component included written and videotaped materials on the care of low back pain . MAIN RESULTS The clinician intervention was associated with an absolute increase in guideline-consistent behavior of 5.4 % in the intervention group versus a decline of 2.7 % in the control group ( P =.04 ) . The patient education intervention produced no significant change in guideline-consistent behavior , but was poorly adopted . Patient characteristics including duration of pain , prior history of low back pain , and number of visits during the illness episode were strong predictors of service utilization and guideline-consistent behavior . CONCLUSIONS Implementation of an education and feedback-supported acute low back pain care guideline for primary care clinicians was associated with an increase in guideline-consistent behavior . Patient education materials did not enhance guideline effectiveness . Implementation barriers could limit the utility of this approach in usual care settings ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2030
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14901",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"multifaceted guideline implementation intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14902",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"guideline education and individual feedback , supporting patient education materials , both"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14903",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"neither"
],
"offsets": [
[
625,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14904",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Guideline implementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14905",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"patient education component included written and videotaped materials on the care of low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1023,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14906",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"clinician intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14907",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"guideline-consistent behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
1208,
1237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14908",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"guideline-consistent behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
1208,
1237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14909",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"duration of pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14910",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"prior history of low back pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1512,
1542
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14911",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fourteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
782,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14912",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"120"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14913",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
721
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14914 | 14550686 | [
{
"id": "14915",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Safety of injectable opioid maintenance treatment for heroin dependence . BACKGROUND There is a growing debate about injectable opioid treatment programs in many Western countries . This is the first placebo-controlled study of the safety of injectable opioids in a controlled treatment setting . METHODS Twenty-five opioid-dependent patients on intravenous ( IV ) heroin or IV methadone maintenance treatment were randomly assigned to either their individual prescribed IV maintenance dose or placebo . Acute drug effects were recorded , focusing on electrocardiography , respiratory movements , arterial blood oxygen saturation , and electroencephalography ( EEG ) . RESULTS After heroin injection , marked respiratory depression progressing to a Cheyne-Stokes pattern occurred . Peripheral arterial blood oxygenation decreased to 78.9 +/- 8.7 % ( mean +/- SD ) ranging from 52 % -90 % . During hypoxia , 7 of the 16 subjects experienced intermittent and somewhat severe bradycardia . Five subjects exhibited paroxysmal EEG patterns . After methadone injection , respiratory depression was less pronounced than after heroin injection . No relevant bradycardia was noted . CONCLUSIONS Opioid doses commonly prescribed in IV opioid treatment induce marked respiratory and circulatory depression , as well as occasionally irregular paroxysmal EEG activity . Further studies are needed to optimize the clinical practice of IV opioid treatment to prevent serious complications . Moreover , the extent of the observed effects raises questions about the appropriateness of IV opioid treatment in the present form ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1609
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14916",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"injectable opioid maintenance treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14917",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"injectable opioid treatment programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14918",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14919",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"injectable opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14920",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous ( IV ) heroin"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14921",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV methadone maintenance treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14922",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"individual prescribed IV maintenance dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
449,
490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14923",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14924",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"heroin injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14925",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methadone injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1043,
1062
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14926",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"heroin injection"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14927",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Opioid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14928",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV opioid treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14929",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV opioid treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14930",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV opioid treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14931",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Acute drug effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14932",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"electrocardiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14933",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory movements"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14934",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial blood oxygen saturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14935",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"electroencephalography ( EEG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14936",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14937",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cheyne-Stokes pattern"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14938",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peripheral arterial blood oxygenation"
],
"offsets": [
[
782,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14939",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypoxia"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14940",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bradycardia"
],
"offsets": [
[
973,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14941",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"paroxysmal EEG patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14942",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14943",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bradycardia"
],
"offsets": [
[
973,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14944",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory and circulatory depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14945",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"irregular paroxysmal EEG activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1321,
1354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14946",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heroin dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14947",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-five"
],
"offsets": [
[
305,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14948",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"opioid-dependent patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14949",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16 subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
916,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14950 | 14567804 | [
{
"id": "14951",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"GnRH agonist treatment before total laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uteri . STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether uterine shrinkage induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) agonists in women with a large uterus ( > 14 wks ) may facilitate total laparoscopic hysterectomy . DESIGN Randomized , prospective study ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . SETTING University-affiliated hospital . PATIENTS Sixty-two women with symptomatic uterine myomas ( size 16-20 wks ) . INTERVENTIONS Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Before surgery , women were assigned , at a ratio of 1:1 by random selection , to receive injections of triptorelin depot 11.25 mg 3 months before surgery ( group A ) or no treatment ( group B ) . Uterine volume , mean operating time , uterine weight , drop in hemoglobin , intraoperative complications , conversions to laparotomy , and hospital stay were recorded . Triptorelin decreased uterine volume , calculated by ultrasonography , by 26.5 % in group A , whereas the volume remained unchanged in group B . Statistical differences were found between groups concerning uterine weight , operating time , and drop in hemoglobin level . Three patients in group B were converted to laparotomy because of uterine size . CONCLUSION In women with a large uterus , a 3-month preoperative course of GnRH may facilitate laparoscopic hysterectomy , decreasing uterine size , operating time , and blood loss ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1485
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14952",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GnRH agonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14953",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) agonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14954",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14955",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"triptorelin depot"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
705
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14956",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GnRH"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14957",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Uterine volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
781,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14958",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean operating time"
],
"offsets": [
[
798,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14959",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uterine weight , drop in hemoglobin"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14960",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"intraoperative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14961",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"conversions to laparotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14962",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14963",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uterine volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
973,
987
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uterine weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14965",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operating time"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14966",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"drop in hemoglobin level ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14967",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14968",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"large uterus ( > 14 wks )"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14969",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
416,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14970",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14971",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic uterine myomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
437,
463
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14972",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14973",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"large uterus"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
14974 | 1457432 | [
{
"id": "14975",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion of transplanted human hearts : a randomized , double-blind clinical trial . Standard methods of myocardial preservation for heart transplantation have generally provided good results . Preservation times beyond 3 hours , however , have been associated with decreased survival . Leukocyte-mediated reperfusion injury is partly responsible for decreased graft function after prolonged graft ischemia . Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion has been shown experimentally to improve cardiac function after cold ischemic arrest . To determine the efficacy and safety of leukocyte-depleted reperfusion , 20 patients were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind clinical trial to be treated with either warm whole blood reperfusion ( group I ; n = 9 ) or warm leukocyte-depleted blood reperfusion ( group II ; n = 11 ) . Reperfusion with leukocyte-depleted blood or whole blood was carried out for 10 minutes , with enriched cardioplegic solution added for the first 3 minutes of reperfusion . The mean donor and recipient age and the ischemic time ( 142 versus 153 minutes ) were not significantly different between the two groups . Coronary sinus release of creatinine phosphokinase-MB 5 minutes after reperfusion was significantly less in group II ( 1.65 EU/min ) than in group I ( 3.83 units/min ; p = 0.05 ) . Thromboxane B2 release was also significantly less ( p = 0.05 ) in group II ( 33.6 pg/min ) than in group I ( 67.0 pg/min ) . All hearts functioned adequately in both groups . The duration of inotropic support was shorter in group II than in group I , but the difference was not statistically significant . Postoperative hemodynamics , rejection episodes , and infectious complications were also not significantly different between groups in a mean follow-up of 9 months . Mean ejection fraction 1 month after operation was 65 % in both groups . One early death occurred at 66 days secondary to infection ; two late deaths occurred in group II , both from rejection . Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion is safe and easily applied in the operating room . Furthermore , leukocyte-depleted reperfusion decreases biochemical evidence of reperfusion injury . Although not influencing postoperative cardiac function when the ischemic time is short , less than 3 hours , leukocyte-depleted reperfusion may prevent significant reperfusion injury and improve posttransplantation graft function when ischemic times are long . Safe extension of the ischemic time would expand the donor pool and allow for better crossmatching ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2544
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "14976",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14977",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14978",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"leukocyte-depleted reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14979",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"warm whole blood reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14980",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"warm leukocyte-depleted blood reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14981",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Reperfusion with leukocyte-depleted blood"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
879
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14982",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"whole blood"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14983",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14984",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14985",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"graft function"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14986",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac function"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14987",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14988",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemic time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1052,
1065
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14989",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Coronary sinus release of creatinine phosphokinase-MB 5 minutes after reperfusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
1151,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14990",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Thromboxane B2 release"
],
"offsets": [
[
1332,
1354
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14991",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hearts functioned"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14992",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of inotropic support"
],
"offsets": [
[
1512,
1541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14993",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Postoperative hemodynamics , rejection episodes , and infectious complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1639,
1717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14994",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean ejection fraction 1 month after operation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1805,
1851
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14995",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1888,
1893
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14996",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1948,
1954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14997",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14998",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"biochemical evidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
2137,
2157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14999",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac function"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15000",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reperfusion injury"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15001",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"posttransplantation graft function"
],
"offsets": [
[
2378,
2412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15002",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemic times"
],
"offsets": [
[
2418,
2432
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15003",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Leukocyte-depleted reperfusion of transplanted human hearts :"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15004 | 1457622 | [
{
"id": "15005",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"EEG mapping and psychopharmacological studies with denbufylline in SDAT and MID . Computed tomography ( CT ) , electroencephalograms ( EEG ) , clinical and psychometric data were obtained in 96 mildly to moderately demented patients ( 72 women , 24 men ) , aged 61-96 years ( mean 82 ) , diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria . Patients were off drugs for at least 2 weeks and subdiagnosed according to the modified Marshall-Hachinski ischemic score and CT in 45 senile dementia of the Alzheimer type ( SDAT ) and 51 multiinfarct dementia ( MID ) patients . Evaluations were carried out before and 12 weeks after treatment with either 100 mg denbufylline BID or placebo and included EEG mapping , the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric ( SCAG ) score/factors , the Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) , the Digit Symbol Substitution Test ( DSST ) , the Trail-Making Test ( TMT ) and the Digit Span Test ( DS ) . Descriptive data analysis including confirmatory statements found delta/theta activity enhanced , alpha and beta activity reduced , total power augmented , and the centroid slowed down over various brain regions in patients as compared with controls . The two subtypes of dementia could be differentiated in some conventional EEG variables but mostly by means of power asymmetry indices . Denbufylline induced a statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in both SDAT and MID patients , whereas after placebo this was not the case in CGI , the TMT , and the DS , with interdrug differences being significant in all primary target variables such as the CGI , MMS , SCAG , and DSST . Thus , both the degenerative and vascular type of dementia exhibited a therapeutic benefit that could be objectified at the neurophysiological level by EEG mapping in an improvement of vigilance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1812
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15006",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denbufylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15007",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denbufylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15008",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15009",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Denbufylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1304,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15010",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15011",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"delta/theta activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
981,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15012",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"alpha and beta activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1013,
1036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total power"
],
"offsets": [
[
1047,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"centroid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15015",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvement in both SDAT and MID"
],
"offsets": [
[
1377,
1409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15016",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SDAT"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15017",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"MID"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15018",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"96"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15019",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"demented"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15020",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"72"
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15021",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15022",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15023",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
217,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15024",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 61-96 years ( mean 82 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
257,
285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15025",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"45"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15026",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"senile dementia"
],
"offsets": [
[
465,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15027",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Alzheimer type"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15028",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SDAT"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15029",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"51"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15030",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiinfarct dementia"
],
"offsets": [
[
519,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15031",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"MID"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15032 | 14576501 | [
{
"id": "15033",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prophylaxis with meropenem of septic complications in acute pancreatitis : a randomized , controlled trial versus imipenem . OBJECTIVES Prophylactic antibiotics are helpful in decreasing the incidence of septic complications in acute pancreatitis . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of meropenem , a new carbapenem antibiotic , with that of imipenem , which is the standard prophylactic treatment in patients with severe acute pancreatitis . METHODS One hundred seventy-six patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were prospectively randomized to prophylactic treatment with 0.5 g meropenem t.i.d . intravenously or 0.5 g imipenem q.i.d . intravenously . The occurrence of infection of pancreatic necrosis , rate of extrapancreatic infections , systemic and local complications , need for surgery , mortality rate , and length of hospitalization were recorded for each group . When a septic complication of pancreatic necrosis was suspected , fine needle aspiration with cultures of the sample was performed . Surgery was performed in cases of verified infected necrosis . CONCLUSION No difference was observed between patients treated with meropenem and those treated with imipenem in terms of incidence of pancreatic infection ( 11.4 % versus 13.6 % ) and extrapancreatic infections ( 21.6 % versus 23.9 % ) and clinical outcome . Meropenem is as effective as imipenem in preventing septic complications of patients with severe acute pancreatitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1465
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15034",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"meropenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15035",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imipenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15036",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"meropenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15037",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"new carbapenem antibiotic"
],
"offsets": [
[
316,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imipenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15039",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"prophylactic treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15040",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"prophylactic treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"0.5 g meropenem t.i.d"
],
"offsets": [
[
590,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15042",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imipenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15043",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"meropenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15044",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imipenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15045",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Meropenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
1348,
1357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15046",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imipenem"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15047",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"septic complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15048",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"septic complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15049",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"occurrence of infection of pancreatic necrosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15050",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of extrapancreatic infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15051",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"systemic and local complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15052",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"need for surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15053",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
828
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15054",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"length of hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15055",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"septic complication"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15056",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of pancreatic infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1210,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15057",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"extrapancreatic infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15058",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical outcome"
],
"offsets": [
[
1329,
1345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15059",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"septic complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15060",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe acute pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15061",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred seventy-six"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15062",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"necrotizing pancreatitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15063 | 14578078 | [
{
"id": "15064",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"More is not necessarily better : Examining the nature of the temporal reference memory component in timing . Three experiments compared the timing performance of humans on a modified temporal generalization task with 1 , 3 , or 5 presentations of the standard duration . In all three experiments subjects received presentations of a standard duration at the beginning of a trial block and then had to judge whether each of a number of comparison stimuli was or was not the standard . The duration of the standard changed between blocks . The three experiments varied the experimental design ( between or within subjects ) , task difficulty ( how closely the comparison stimuli were spaced around the standards ) , and presence or absence of feedback on performance accuracy . Number of presentations of the standard never affected the proportion of identifications of the standard when it was presented , nor other features of the temporal generalization gradients observed . The implications for the operation of reference memories within the scalar timing system were explored via models that made different assumptions about how the individual presentations of the standard were stored and used ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1199
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15065",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"experiments"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15066",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"presentations of the standard duration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15067",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"standard duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15068",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"presence or absence of feedback"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
749
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15069",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"presentations of the standard"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15070",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
260,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15071",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"task difficulty"
],
"offsets": [
[
624,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15072",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"presence or absence of feedback on performance accuracy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15073",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"proportion of identifications of the standard"
],
"offsets": [
[
835,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15074",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"individual presentations of the standard were stored and used ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1136,
1199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15075",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"1"
],
"offsets": [
[
217,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15076",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"3"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15077",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"5"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15078 | 14589718 | [
{
"id": "15079",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Fake bad test response bias effects on the test of variables of attention . This study investigated the effects of faking bad ( FB ) on the Test of Variables of Attention ( TOVA ) using subjects randomly placed into two groups . Subjects in Group 1 took the TOVA under normal conditions ( NC ) first ; they were then requested to subtly fake bad . Group 2 subjects took the TOVA under the same fake bad instructions first , then took the test under normal conditions the second time . An analysis of the effects of test order yielded non-significant differences for basic TOVA variables across all four quarters , both halves and the total score . An analysis for group mean differences between the NC and the FB instructions yielded significant differences across the basic TOVA variables across the four quarters , two halves and total score . The FB group had excessive amounts of omission and commission errors , a greater response time mean ( i.e. , slower to respond ) and had greater variance around their mean response time . The study affirms that the professional using the TOVA needs to carefully eliminate a fake bad test-taking bias when subjects produce excessive test results ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1192
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15080",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"faking bad ( FB ) on the Test of Variables of Attention ( TOVA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15081",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"TOVA under normal conditions ( NC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15082",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"subtly fake bad ."
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15083",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"TOVA under the same fake bad instructions first , then took the test under normal conditions the second time ."
],
"offsets": [
[
374,
484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15084",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"test of variables of attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15085",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"TOVA variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
572,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15086",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"basic TOVA variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15087",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"amounts of omission and commission errors"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15088",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"response time mean"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
945
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15089",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"variance around their mean response time"
],
"offsets": [
[
991,
1031
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15090",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Fake bad test response bias effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15091",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"variables of attention ."
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15092",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"faking bad ( FB )"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15093",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Test of Variables of Attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15094 | 1459383 | [
{
"id": "15095",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of treatment of urinary incontinence in general practice . A total of 110 women who had reported urinary incontinence to their general practitioners were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group . Treatment consisted of pelvic floor exercises in the case of stress incontinence and bladder training in the case of urge incontinence . The results were measured after 3 and 12 months by a research assistant on the basis of a constructed severity scale , an incontinence diary , and a comparison by the patients themselves of their previous and current conditions . After 3 months the control group were given the same treatment . After a further 3 and 12 months , they were assessed in exactly the same way as the treatment group . After 3 months about 60 % of the patients were either dry or only mildly incontinent ; the mean number of wet episodes had gone down from 20 to 7 , and 74 % of the women felt improved or cured . These results were later corroborated by the control group . After 12 months this successful outcome was improved slightly further . It may be concluded that the majority of women with incontinence can be successfully treated by the general practitioner . The effect of this treatment continues after one year ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1258
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15096",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pelvic floor exercises"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15097",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"bladder training"
],
"offsets": [
[
303,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15098",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dry or only mildly incontinent ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15099",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean number of wet episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15100",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improved or cured ."
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15101",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1165,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15102",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15103 | 14596755 | [
{
"id": "15104",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Including a 'no active intervention ' arm in surgical trials is possible : evidence from the CLasP randomised trial . OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of including a 'no active intervention ' arm ( called 'conservative management ' ) in a randomised controlled trial comparing treatments ( including surgery ) for men with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic enlargement . METHODS Outcomes 7.5 months after randomisation were acceptability of randomisation , overall acceptability of and satisfaction with conservative management , impact on quality of life , perceived need for further treatment and treatment failure ( defined a priori ) . RESULTS In total , 177 ( out of 755 ) patients refused randomisation , including 31 % who did not want surgery and 22 % who wanted surgery . Most men randomised to conservative management were willing to undertake it as part of a trial but at the end of the trial they were divided between those who wanted to continue with it and those who expected surgery . At follow-up , 39 % of conservative management patients requested surgery , and interference of symptoms with life and an unsuccessful outcome were more commonly reported in this arm . There were no appreciable differences between treatment groups in terms of treatment failures . CONCLUSIONS Including a 'no active intervention ' arm did not appear to have a detrimental effect on patient recruitment or the completion of this trial in the short-term ; overall , conservative management was successfully completed by the majority of patients during the trial period , suggesting that researchers need not avoid including a no-intervention arm in surgical trials as long as they take care with its presentation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1735
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15105",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"a 'no active intervention ' arm ( called 'conservative management ' )"
],
"offsets": [
[
164,
233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15106",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"surgery )"
],
"offsets": [
[
300,
309
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15107",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"'no active intervention ' arm"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15108",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"acceptability of randomisation , overall acceptability of and satisfaction with conservative management"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15109",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life , perceived need for further treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15110",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"treatment failure ( defined a priori ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
662
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15111",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"interference of symptoms with life"
],
"offsets": [
[
1103,
1137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15112",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"unsuccessful outcome"
],
"offsets": [
[
1145,
1165
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15113",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"treatment failures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1283,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15114",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patient recruitment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1405,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15115",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15116",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"benign prostatic enlargement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15117",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"177"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15118",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"755"
],
"offsets": [
[
695,
698
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15119 | 14599236 | [
{
"id": "15120",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory : a complementary-learning-systems approach . The authors present a computational neural-network model of how the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex ( MTLC ) contribute to recognition memory . The hippocampal component contributes by recalling studied details . The MTLC component can not support recall , but one can extract a scalar familiarity signal from MTLC that tracks how well a test item matches studied items . The authors present simulations that establish key differences in the operating characteristics of the hippocampal-recall and MTLC-familiarity signals and identify several manipulations ( e.g. , target-lure similarity , interference ) that differentially affect the 2 signals . They also use the model to address the stochastic relationship between recall and familiarity and the effects of partial versus complete hippocampal lesions on recognition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
954
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15121",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hippocampal and neocortical"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15122",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hippocampal"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15123",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"simulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15124",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"recognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15125",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"recognition memory ."
],
"offsets": [
[
254,
274
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15126",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hippocampal-recall"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
624
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15127",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"MTLC-familiarity signals"
],
"offsets": [
[
629,
653
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15128",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"recognition"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15129",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hippocampal and neocortical contributions"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15130",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"recognition memory"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
15131 | 14605954 | [
{
"id": "15132",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Micronized flavonoids in pain control after hemorrhoidectomy : a prospective randomized controlled study . PURPOSE We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study to evaluate the effect of micronized flavonoid fractions ( MFF ) on pain after hemorrhoidectomy . METHODS The subjects were 112 consecutive patients randomly assigned either to receive MFF ( group 1 ) for 1 week or not to receive MFF , as a control ( group 2 ) , after hemorrhoidectomy , The severity of pain and the number of intramuscular analgesic injections required were recorded for the first 3 days , then 1 week after hemorrhoidectomy . The number of days that intramuscular analgesic injections were required , hospital stay , and patient satisfaction were also assessed . RESULTS On postoperative day ( POD ) 1 , there were no significant differences between the parameters of the two groups , but on PODs 2 and 3 , both the pain score ( P = 0.033 and P = 0.011 , respectively ) and the number of patients who required intramuscular analgesic injections were significantly less in group 1 ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.007 , respectively ) . Moreover , the hospital stay was shorter and patient satisfaction was superior in group 1 ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.001 , respectively ) . After 1 week , the pain score and number of intramuscular analgesic injections given were significantly less in group 1 ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.021 ) . CONCLUSION Using MFF after hemorrhoidectomy reduced the severity of pain and intramuscular analgesic requirement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1513
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "15133",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Micronized flavonoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15134",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronized flavonoid fractions ( MFF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15135",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MFF"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15136",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MFF"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15137",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"The severity of pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15138",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"the number of intramuscular analgesic injections required were recorded for the first 3 days , then 1 week after hemorrhoidectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15139",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MFF"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15140",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain control"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15141",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15142",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"severity of pain and the number of intramuscular analgesic injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15143",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of days that"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15144",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"intramuscular analgesic injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15145",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"were required"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15146",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15147",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
710,
730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15148",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15149",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"intramuscular analgesic injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15150",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15151",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
710,
730
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15152",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15153",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"intramuscular analgesic injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15154",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"severity of pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15155",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"intramuscular analgesic requirement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1476,
1511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15156",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"after hemorrhoidectomy :"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |