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10860 | 12396317 | [
{
"id": "10861",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of chloroquine , amodiaquine and chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine on the disposition kinetics of the hepatomegaly associated with acute , uncomplicated , Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children . The effects of chloroquine ( CQ ) , amodiaquine ( AQ ) and CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( a histamine H ( 1 ) antagonist that reverses CQ resistance in vitro and in vivo ) on the disposition of the enlarged liver associated with acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , Plasmodium falciparum malaria were evaluated . The subjects , 131 children aged 0.6-12 years who lived in an endemic area of Nigeria , were randomly allotted to the three treatment groups . The cumulative proportions of the children with complete resolution of their enlarged livers at 48 , 96 , 168 or 336 and 504 h after commencement of treatment were significantly higher in those treated with CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( CQCP ) than in the other two treatment groups ( with P-values of 0.02 , 0.001 , 0.00000 and 0.00002 , respectively ) . Among those with complete resolution , however , the times to resolution of 50 % ( HR50 ) or 90 % ( HR90 ) of the liver enlargement were similar in all the treatment groups . Complete resolution of the enlarged liver within 168 h was associated with a sensitive response to each treatment . Overall , in children with complete or partial resolution of their enlarged livers , the area produced by plotting liver size against time ( i.e . the area under the curve of hepatomegaly v. time , or AUC ( hp ) ) and the half-life of the hepatomegaly ( t ( 1/2hp ) ) were significantly lower in the CQCP group than in the other two groups . The volume of blood completely cleared of the 'hepatic pathological processes ' which led to the hepatomegaly ( CL ( Bhp ) ) and the fractional reduction of AUC ( hp ) at 48 and 96 h ( i.e . AUC ( hpFr148 ) and AUC ( hpFr96 ) ) were significantly higher in the CQCP group than in the other treatment groups . When the children with complete resolution of their liver enlargement were considered separately , t ( 1/2hp ) ( P=0.0008 ) but not AUC ( hp ) was found to be significantly lower , and AUC ( hpFr196 ) ( P=0.01 ) and CL ( Bhl ) ( P=0.002 ) were found to be significantly higher in the CQCP group than in the other groups . Among the children with only partial resolution of their enlarged livers , the indices of resolution and the kinetic parameters of disposition were similar in all three groups . The data indicate that the addition of chlorpheniramine to chloroquine had a beneficial effect on both the early and late stages of the resolution of the liver enlargement associated with acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , P. falciparum malaria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2708
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10862",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chloroquine , amodiaquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10863",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10864",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chloroquine ( CQ ) , amodiaquine ( AQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10865",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CQ plus chlorpheniramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10866",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( CQCP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
871,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10867",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CQCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10868",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CQCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10869",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CQCP"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
902
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10870",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chlorpheniramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10871",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chloroquine"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10872",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete resolution of their enlarged livers"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10873",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Complete resolution of the enlarged liver"
],
"offsets": [
[
1192,
1233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10874",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete or partial resolution"
],
"offsets": [
[
1335,
1365
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10875",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"area produced by plotting liver size against time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1397,
1446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10876",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"half-life of the hepatomegaly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1530,
1559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10877",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"volume of blood completely cleared of the 'hepatic pathological processes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1654,
1727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10878",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fractional reduction of AUC ( hp"
],
"offsets": [
[
1783,
1815
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10879",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AUC ( hp"
],
"offsets": [
[
1509,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10880",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AUC ( hpFr196 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2144,
2159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10881",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CL ( Bhl )"
],
"offsets": [
[
2175,
2185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10882",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"partial resolution of their enlarged livers"
],
"offsets": [
[
1347,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10883",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"indices of resolution and the kinetic parameters of disposition"
],
"offsets": [
[
2360,
2423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resolution of the liver enlargement"
],
"offsets": [
[
2595,
2630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10885",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Plasmodium falciparum malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10886",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10887",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"enlarged liver associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10888",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"131"
],
"offsets": [
[
536,
539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10889",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"0.6-12 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10890",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"liver enlargement"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10891",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , P. falciparum malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
2647,
2706
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
10892 | 12401759 | [
{
"id": "10893",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensive injection therapy in type 1 diabetes for patients with long-standing poor glycemic control . OBJECTIVE To assess in a randomized crossover trial the efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in improving glycemic control and health-related quality of life in type 1 diabetic patients with long-standing poor glycemic control . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 79 patients in 11 Dutch centers were randomized to 16 weeks of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion followed by 16 weeks intensive injection therapy or the reverse order . Glycemic control was assessed by HbA ( 1c ) , self-reported hypoglycemic events , and blood glucose memory meter read outs . Changes in quality of life were assessed by self-report questionnaires administered at baseline and 16 weeks . RESULTS As the drop-out rate after crossover was high ( 17 of 79 patients [ 22 % ] ) , we analyzed the trial as a parallel clinical trial , using data of the first half of the crossover phase only . At 16 weeks , mean HbA ( 1c ) was 0.84 % ( 95 % CI -1.31 to -0.36 ) lower in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion group compared with the insulin injection group ( P = 0.002 ) . Stability of blood glucose self-measurement values , expressed as SD of the nine-point blood glucose profiles , improved in the insulin pump group by 29.3 +/- 41.1 vs. 8.2 +/- 36.5 % in the injection group ( P = 0.039 ) . The number of mild hypoglycemic episodes per patient-week was 0.99 ( 95 % CI 0.11-1.87 ) higher in the insulin pump group ( P = 0.028 ) . Weight gain was similar in both groups . Scores on the Short-Form 36-Item subscales 'general health ' and 'mental health ' improved in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion group , compared with stable values in the injection group ( P = 0.048 and 0.050 , respectively ) . CONCLUSIONS Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion improves glycemic control and some aspects of health-related quality of life in patients with a history of long-term poor glycemic control ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2084
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10894",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10895",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10896",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intensive injection therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10897",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10898",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10899",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glycemic control"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10900",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"health-related quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
313,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10901",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10902",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean HbA ( 1c )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1079,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10903",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Stability of blood glucose self-measurement values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1251,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10904",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of mild hypoglycemic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10905",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Weight gain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1611,
1622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10906",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Scores on the Short-Form 36-Item subscales 'general health"
],
"offsets": [
[
1652,
1710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10907",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"' and"
],
"offsets": [
[
1711,
1716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10908",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"'mental health"
],
"offsets": [
[
1717,
1731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10909",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"'"
],
"offsets": [
[
1695,
1696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10910",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 1 diabetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
347,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10911",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"poor glycemic control"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10912",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"A total of 79 patients in 11 Dutch centers"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10913",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"poor glycemic control"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
10914 | 12402011 | [
{
"id": "10915",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Preliminary findings from a prospective , randomized trial of two palatal operations for sleep-disordered breathing . OBJECTIVES We compared the efficacy of 2 palatal surgical procedures in the treatment of patients with mild sleep-disordered breathing ( SDB ) . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a prospective , randomized , crossover surgical trial at a university hospital . METHODS Twenty patients with mild SDB for whom conservative treatment failed were identified and consecutively enrolled into an institutional review board-approved surgical protocol . They were randomly assigned to undergo either radiofrequency ablation of the palate ( RFAP ) for a planned 3-stage treatment or laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty ( LAUP ) , also for 3 stages of treatment , using a CO ( 2 ) laser . Parameters assessed included severity of SDB ( polysomnography ) , subjective and objective loudness of snoring ( visual analog scale and SNAP recording ) , sleepiness ( Epworth Sleepiness Scale ) , and anatomic changes ( upper airway endoscopy ) , as well as demographic factors . Patients not achieving satisfactory improvement in their condition were crossed over to the alternative surgical therapy for attempted salvage . RESULTS Seventeen of the enrolled patients have completed the protocol . Ten of these were randomized to the RFAP group , and 7 to the LAUP group . Six of the RFAP patients ( 60 % ) achieved a satisfactory resolution of their snoring , and 4 failed and were salvaged with LAUP . Six of the LAUP patients ( 86 % ) achieved a satisfactory resolution of their snoring , and 1 patient failed and was salvaged with nasal surgery . One patient who was initially cured had a relapse after 9 months and was successfully salvaged with RFA . CONCLUSION Prospective , randomized trials of surgery for SDB are possible . Preliminary findings from the current protocol reveal a slight advantage of LAUP over RFAP but with a greater degree of discomfort postoperatively ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1980
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10916",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"palatal operations"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10917",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"2 palatal surgical procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10918",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"radiofrequency ablation of the palate ( RFAP ) for a planned 3-stage treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10919",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty ( LAUP ) , also for 3 stages of treatment , using a CO ( 2 ) laser"
],
"offsets": [
[
694,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10920",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10921",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"alternative surgical therapy for attempted salvage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10922",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"RFAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10923",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LAUP"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10924",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"RFAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10925",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LAUP"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10926",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LAUP"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10927",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"nasal surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10928",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"RFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10929",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"LAUP"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
733
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10930",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"RFAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
656
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10931",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10932",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"severity of SDB"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10933",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subjective and objective loudness of snoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10934",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleepiness"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10935",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anatomic changes"
],
"offsets": [
[
999,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10936",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"snoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10937",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"snoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10938",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with mild sleep-disordered breathing ( SDB )"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10939",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
396
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10940",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with mild SDB for whom conservative treatment failed"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
10941 | 12406050 | [
{
"id": "10942",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Adherence to moderate-intensity exercise during breast cancer therapy . PURPOSE The aims of this pilot study were the following : 1 ) to examine patterns of adherence to a brisk walking program in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for newly diagnosed breast cancer using a prospective , randomized , controlled experimental design ; 2 ) to examine the influence of disease symptoms and treatment side effects on exercise levels ; and 3 ) to suggest methods that may improve future clinical trials of moderate-intensity exercise in similar populations . DESCRIPTION OF STUDY Fifty-two patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms : usual care or usual care plus exercise . Those assigned to the exercise group received a standardized , self-administered , home-based brisk walking intervention in addition to usual care . Each day subjects completed self-report diary forms that elicited information about activity levels , and the occurrence of symptoms and side effects during cancer treatment . RESULTS Analyses of self-reported daily activity levels revealed a diffusion of treatment effect . Fifty percent of the usual-care group reported maintaining or increasing their physical activity to a moderate-intensity level , while 33 % of the exercise group did not exercise at the prescribed levels . Analyses of self-reported disease symptoms and treatment side effects did not reveal clinically meaningful differences between the two groups . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of this study suggest that women who exercised regularly before receiving a breast cancer diagnosis attempted to maintain their exercise programs . Women who lead sedentary lifestyles may benefit from a structured exercise program that includes information and support related to exercise adherence strategies ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1867
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10943",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"moderate-intensity exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10944",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"brisk walking program"
],
"offsets": [
[
172,
193
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10945",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10946",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiation therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10947",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10948",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
707,
717
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10949",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10950",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standardized , self-administered , home-based brisk walking intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10951",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10952",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"structured exercise program"
],
"offsets": [
[
1759,
1786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10953",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maintaining or increasing their"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10954",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"physical activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1251,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10955",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"to a moderate-intensity level"
],
"offsets": [
[
1269,
1298
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10956",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"self-reported disease symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1390,
1420
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10957",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"treatment side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
433
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10958",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10959",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for newly diagnosed breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10960",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
599,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
10961 | 12407485 | [
{
"id": "10962",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Lamivudine 300 mg QD versus continued lamivudine 150 mg BID with stavudine and a protease inhibitor in suppressed patients . PURPOSE To compare the efficacy ( sustained virologic suppression ) and safety/tolerability of a switch to lamivudine 300 mg once daily ( QD ) versus continued lamivudine 150 mg twice daily ( BID ) in virologically suppressed patients ( HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mL for > or =3 months ) on stable ( > or =6 months ) therapy with lamivudine 150 mg BID plus stavudine and either indinavir or nelfinavir . METHOD Eighty-nine suppressed patients > or =18 years old with CD4 counts > 50 cells/mm ( 3 ) were enrolled in this phase II , open-label , multicenter , randomized , stratified ( by pretrial protease inhibitor [ PI ] ) , parallel-group clinical trial . Eighty-one patients received either lamivudine 300 mg QD ( n = 39 ) or 150 mg BID ( n = 42 ) with their pretrial stavudine/PI regimens for 24 weeks . RESULTS A high rate of virologic suppression was sustained with both regimens throughout the trial . At week 24 , intent-to-treat : exposed ( missing = failure ) analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the percentage of patients with HIV-1 RNA < 400 copies/mL ( 95 % [ QD ] vs. 90 % [ BID ] ) or < 50 copies/mL ( 82 % [ QD ] vs. 81 % [ BID ] ) or in the median change from baseline in CD4 counts ( +42 cells/mm ( 3 ) [ QD ] vs. +22 cells/mm ( 3 ) [ BID ] ) . Both regimens were well tolerated . No patient experienced virologic failure , clinical disease progression , or a drug-related serious adverse event during the trial . Self-reported medication adherence was high in both groups . CONCLUSION Patients who experience virologic suppression with a regimen of lamivudine 150 mg BID in combination with stavudine/PI can maintain that suppression by continuing their regimen or switching to lamivudine 300 mg QD and continuing the other components . Adverse event profiles were comparable among treatment regimens , and no new safety concerns were raised ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2007
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10963",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10964",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10965",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"stavudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10966",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"protease inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10967",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10968",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10969",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine 150 mg BID plus stavudine and either indinavir or nelfinavir"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10970",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pretrial protease inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10971",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10972",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pretrial stavudine/PI regimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
913
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10973",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10974",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination with stavudine/PI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1738,
1767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10975",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lamivudine"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10976",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of virologic suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
944,
973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10977",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentage of patients with HIV-1 RNA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1155,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10978",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD4 counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10979",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virologic failure , clinical disease progression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10980",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"drug-related serious adverse event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1523,
1557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10981",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Self-reported medication adherence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10982",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"virologic suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10983",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10984",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"suppressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10985",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"virologically suppressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
326,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10986",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"suppressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10987",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"CD4 counts > 50 cells/mm ( 3 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10988",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"virologic suppression"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
10989 | 12410073 | [
{
"id": "10990",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of porcine versus synthetic secretin for reducing symptoms of autism . OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a single dose of biologic and synthetic porcine secretin to placebo on a variety of autism symptoms . METHOD Eighty-five children with autism without other medical conditions and not taking other psychotropic medications participated ( ages between 3 and 12 years , mean IQ = 55 ) . Children were grouped into trios matched by age and communication level and then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups : biologic secretin ( 2 CU/kg ) , synthetic secretin ( 0.4 microg/kg ) , and placebo . Measures collected 1 week before and 4 weeks after infusion included autism symptoms , language skills , and problem behaviors , gathered from parents , teachers , and investigators , who were all blind to treatment . Two-factor , repeated-measures analyses of variance ( 3 treatment levels by 2 repeated measures , pre- and postinfusion ) were used to examine efficacy . RESULTS Direct observation measures did not show change over time related to secretin . Parent reports showed an overall reduction of symptom severity for all treatment groups , including the placebo group . One teacher-report measure showed decreases in autism symptoms in the placebo and synthetic secretin groups . CONCLUSIONS No evidence that either biologic or synthetic secretin provided amelioration of symptoms beyond placebo was observed . This held true when children with and without gastrointestinal problems were examined separately ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1583
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "10991",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10992",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"porcine"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10993",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10994",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"biologic"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10995",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic porcine secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10996",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10997",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"biologic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10998",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10999",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11000",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11001",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11002",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11003",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11004",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"biologic"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11005",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11006",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11007",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptoms of autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11008",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"autism symptoms , language skills , and problem behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
733,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11009",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"gathered from parents , teachers , and investigators"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11010",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom severity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1170,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11011",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11012",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11013",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighty-five children"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11014",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"ages between 3 and 12 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
398,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11015",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
283,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11016",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
1531,
1556
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11017 | 12418582 | [
{
"id": "11018",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of different inhaled combination therapies ( EDICT ) : a randomised , double-blind comparison of Seretide ( 50/250 microg bd Diskus vs. formoterol ( 12 microg bd ) and budesonide ( 800 microg bd ) given concurrently ( both via Turbuhaler ) in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy safety and cost of Seretide ( salmeterol/fluticasone propionate ( Salm/FP ) , 50/250 microg bd ) via Diskus with formoterol ( Form ; 12 microg bd ) and budesonide ( Bud ; 800 microg bd ) given concurrently ( Form+Bud ) via Turbuhaler in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma who were uncontrolled on existing corticosteroid therapy . The study used a randomised , double-blind , double-dummy , parallel-group design , consisting of a 2-week run-in period on current corticosteroid therapy ( 1000-1600 microg/day of BDP or equivalent ) and a 12-week treatment period . Symptomatic patients ( n = 428 ) with FEV1 of 50-85 % predicted and increased symptom scores or reliever use during run-in were randomly allocated to receive either Salm/FP ( 50/250 microg bd ) via a single Diskus inhaleror Form+Bud ( 12+800 microg bd ) via separate Turbuhalers . Clinic , diary card and asthma-related health-care resource utilisation data were collected . Improvement in mean morning peak expiratory flow ( PEFam was similar in the Salm/FP and Form+Bud groups . Both PEFam and mean evening PEF ( PEFpm ) increased by a clinically significant amount ( > 20 L/min ) from baseline in both treatment groups . The mean rate of exacerbations ( mild , moderate or severe ) was significantly lower in the Salm/FP group ( 0.472 ) compared with the Form+Bud group ( 0.735 ) ( ratio = 0.64 ; P < 0.001 ) , despite the three-fold lower microgram inhaled corticosteroid dose in the Salm/FP group . Patients in the Salm/FP group also experienced significantly fewer nocturnal symptoms , with a higher median percentage of symptom-free nights ( P = 0.04 ) , nights with a symptom score < 2 ( P = 0.03 ) , and nights with no awakenings ( P = 0.02 ) . Total asthma-related health-care costs were significantly lower in the Salm/FP group than the Form+Bud group ( P < 0.05 ) . Both treatments were well tolerated , with a similar low incidence of adverse events . This study showed that in symptomatic patients with moderate-to-severe asthma , Salm/FP ( 50/250 microg bd ) , administered in a single convenient device ( Diskus ) , was at least as effective as an approximately three-fold higher microgram corticosteroid dose of Bud ( 800 microg bd ) given concurrently with Form ( 12 microg bd ) in terms of improvement in PEFam , and superior at reducing exacerbations and nights with symptoms or night-time awakenings . Salm/FP was also the less costly treatment due primarily to lower hospitalisation and drug costs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2837
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11019",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"inhaled combination therapies ( EDICT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11020",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Seretide"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11021",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diskus"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11022",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"formoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11023",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11024",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Seretide ( salmeterol/fluticasone propionate ( Salm/FP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11025",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diskus with formoterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11026",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11027",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"current corticosteroid therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11028",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Salm/FP"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11029",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroid dose of Bud ( 800"
],
"offsets": [
[
2522,
2554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11030",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Salm/FP"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11031",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy safety and cost"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11032",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
994,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11033",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PEFam"
],
"offsets": [
[
1342,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11034",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean evening PEF ( PEFpm )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1412,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11035",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean rate of exacerbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1544,
1570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11036",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fewer nocturnal symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1881,
1905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11037",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom-free nights"
],
"offsets": [
[
1943,
1962
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11038",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nights with a symptom score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1978,
2005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11039",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nights with no awakenings"
],
"offsets": [
[
2029,
2054
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11040",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Total asthma-related health-care costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
2070,
2108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11041",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2215,
2229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11042",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"similar low incidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
2239,
2260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11043",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2264,
2280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11044",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reducing exacerbations and nights with symptoms or night-time awakenings ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2664,
2738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11045",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"less costly"
],
"offsets": [
[
2760,
2771
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11046",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lower hospitalisation and drug costs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2799,
2837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11047",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate-to-severe asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
268,
293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11048",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"n = 428"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11049",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with FEV1 of 50-85 % predicted and increased symptom scores or reliever use during run-in"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11050 | 12422941 | [
{
"id": "11051",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"An exploratory study : the use of paroxetine for methamphetamine craving . Methamphetamine abuse and dependence are growing problems nationally and worldwide . There are currently no effective pharmocologic treatments . Animal studies with SSRI 's suggest that serotonergic modulation alters methamphetamine 's behavioral effects . This exploratory study is a trial of the effects of the SSRI paroxetine versus placebo ( in a double blind design ) on craving and use in a population of methamphetamine users . Many subjects dropped out of the study , but those in active treatment who completed the eight week trial had a decrease in methamphetamine craving compared to the placebo treatment as measured by the OCDS modified for use in this population . Statistical analyses were not performed due to the low number of subjects . The preliminary data suggest that serotonergic agents may play a role in the effective treatment of methamphetamine abuse and dependence within the context of other effective behavioral interventions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1031
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11052",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paroxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11053",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methamphetamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11054",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methamphetamine 's"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11055",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"SSRI paroxetine"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
403
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11056",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methamphetamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11058",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methamphetamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11059",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methamphetamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11060",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"methamphetamine craving"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11061",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11062",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"methamphetamine craving"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11063",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"methamphetamine abuse and dependence"
],
"offsets": [
[
930,
966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11064",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"methamphetamine craving"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11065 | 12423984 | [
{
"id": "11066",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of nitazoxanide on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with cryptosporidiosis : a randomised controlled trial . BACKGROUND Cryptosporidiosis in children in developing countries causes persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition and is associated with increased mortality , but there is no effective treatment . We aimed to assess the effect of nitazoxanide-a new broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug-on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with diarrhoea due to Cryptosporidium parvum . METHODS Children with cryptosporidial diarrhoea who were admitted to the University Teaching Hospital , Lusaka , Zambia , between November , 2000 , and July , 2001 , and whose parents consented to their having an HIV test were randomly assigned nitazoxanide ( 100 mg twice daily orally for 3 days ) or placebo . The primary endpoint was clinical response on day 7 after the start of treatment . Secondary endpoints included parasitological response by day 10 and mortality at day 8 . Analysis was by intention to treat , with exclusion of patients subsequently found to be negative for C parvum or co-infected at baseline . The trial was stratified by HIV serology . FINDINGS 50 HIV-seropositive and 50 HIV-seronegative children were recruited for the study , four of whom were subsequently excluded . In HIV-seronegative children , diarrhoea resolved in 14 ( 56 % ) of 25 receiving nitazoxanide and 5 ( 23 % ) of 22 receiving placebo ( difference 33 % , 95 % CI 7-59 ; p=0.037 ) . C parvum was eradicated from stool in 13 ( 52 % ) of 25 receiving nitazoxanide and three ( 14 % ) of 22 receiving placebo ( 38 % , 95 % CI 14-63 ; p=0.007 ) . Four children ( 18 % ) of 22 in the placebo group had died by day 8 , compared with none of 25 in the nitazoxanide group ( -18 % , -34 to 2 ; p=0.041 ) . HIV-seropositive children did not benefit from nitazoxanide . Nitazoxanide was not significantly associated with adverse events in either stratum . INTERPRETATION A 3-day course of nitazoxanide significantly improved the resolution of diarrhoea , parasitological eradication , and mortality in HIV-seronegative , but not HIV-seropositive , children ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2145
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11067",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitazoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11068",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"nitazoxanide-a"
],
"offsets": [
[
353,
367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11069",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitazoxanide"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11070",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11071",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"morbidity and mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11072",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"morbidity and mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11073",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical response on day 7"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11074",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"parasitological response by day 10"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
958
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11075",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality at day 8"
],
"offsets": [
[
963,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11076",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diarrhoea"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11077",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C parvum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11078",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"died"
],
"offsets": [
[
1695,
1699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11079",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1908,
1922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11080",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"resolution of diarrhoea"
],
"offsets": [
[
2016,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11081",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
", parasitological eradication , and mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
2040,
2085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11082",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Zambian"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11083",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11084",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cryptosporidiosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11085",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Cryptosporidiosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11086",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11087",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"developing countries"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11088",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Zambian"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11089",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11090",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"diarrhoea due to Cryptosporidium parvum"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11091",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Children"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11092",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cryptosporidial diarrhoea"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11093",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"C parvum"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11094",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
1176,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11095",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
1176,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11096",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11097 | 12424317 | [
{
"id": "11098",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Global contour saliency and local colinear interactions . Our visual system can link components of contours and segregate contours from complex backgrounds based on geometric grouping rules . This is an important intermediate step in object recognition . The substrate for contour integration may be based on contextual interactions and intrinsic horizontal connections seen in primary visual cortex ( V1 ) . We examined the perceptual rules governing contour saliency to determine whether the spatial extents of contextual interactions and horizontal connections match those mediating saliency . To quantify these rules , we used stimuli composed of randomly oriented nonoverlapping line segments . Salient contours within this complex background were formed by colinear alignment of nearby segments . Contour detectability was measured using a 2-interval-forced-choice design . Contour detectability deteriorated with increasing spacing between contour elements and improved as the number of colinear line elements was increased . At short contour spacing , the detectability reached a plateau with alignment of a few line segments that together formed a contour subtending several visual degrees . At intermediate spacing , saliency built up progressively with a greater number of colinear lines , extending up to 30 degrees . When contour spacing was beyond a critical range ( about 2 degrees ) , however , the detectability dropped to chance levels , regardless of the number of colinear lines . Contour detectability was found to be a function not only of the relative spacing of contour elements with respect to the noise elements but also of the average density of the overall pattern . Furthermore , training significantly improved contour detection , increasing the critical spacing of line elements beyond which contours were no longer detectable . Our data suggest that global contour integration is based on mechanisms of limited spatial extent , comparable to the interactions observed in V1 . These interactions can cascade over larger distances provided the spacing of stimulus elements is kept within a limited range ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2135
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11099",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"stimuli composed of randomly oriented nonoverlapping line segments"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11100",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"2-interval-forced-choice design"
],
"offsets": [
[
846,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11101",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"object recognition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11102",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Contour detectability"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11103",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Contour detectability"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11104",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spacing"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11105",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"saliency"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11106",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"detectability"
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11107",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Contour detectability"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
824
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11108",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"contour detection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1741,
1758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11109",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"critical spacing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1776,
1792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11110",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"global contour integration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1882,
1908
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11111 | 12424783 | [
{
"id": "11112",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of two types of social support and education on adaptation to early-stage breast cancer . A Roy adaptation model-based support and education intervention for women with early-stage breast cancer was tested in a three-group , three-phase randomized clinical trial of a sample of 125 women . The experimental group received 13 months of combined individual telephone and in-person group support and education , Control Group 1 received 13 months of telephone-only individual support and education , and Control Group 2 received one-time mailed educational information . The experimental group and Control Group 1 reported less mood disturbance at the end of all three phases , less loneliness at the end of Phases II and III , and a higher-quality relationship with a significant other at the end of Phase II than did Control Group 2 . No group differences were found for cancer-related worry or well-being . The findings suggest that individual telephone support may provide an effective alternative to in-person support groups . Further study of telephone interventions is recommended using ethnically and economically heterogeneous samples ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1150
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11113",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"social support and education"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11114",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"A Roy adaptation model-based support and education intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11115",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"combined individual telephone and in-person group support and education"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11116",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"telephone-only individual support and education"
],
"offsets": [
[
455,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11117",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"one-time mailed educational information ."
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11118",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mood disturbance"
],
"offsets": [
[
633,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11119",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"less loneliness"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
698
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11120",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"higher-quality relationship with a significant other"
],
"offsets": [
[
739,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11121",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cancer-related worry or well-being"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11122",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"early-stage breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11123",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11124",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"early-stage breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11125",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"125"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11126",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11127 | 12426230 | [
{
"id": "11128",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Immunologic and hemodynamic effects of \" low-dose \" hydrocortisone in septic shock : a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study . Within the last few years , increasing evidence of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock evoked a reassessment of hydrocortisone therapy . To evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone on the balance between proinflammatory and antiinflammation , 40 patients with septic shock were randomized in a double-blind crossover study to receive either the first 100 mg of hydrocortisone as a loading dose and 10 mg per hour until Day 3 ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) , followed by the opposite medication until Day 6 . Hydrocortisone infusion induced an increase of mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance , and a decline of heart rate , cardiac index , and norepinephrine requirement . A reduction of plasma nitrite/nitrate indicated inhibition of nitric oxide formation and correlated with a reduction of vasopressor support . The inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 ) , endothelial ( soluble E-selectin ) and neutrophil activation ( expression of CD11b , CD64 ) , and antiinflammatory response ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10 ) were attenuated . In peripheral blood monocytes , human leukocyte antigen-DR expression was only slightly depressed , whereas in vitro phagocytosis and the monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12 increased . Hydrocortisone withdrawal induced hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects . In conclusion , hydrocortisone therapy restored hemodynamic stability and differentially modulated the immunologic response to stress in a way of antiinflammation rather than immunosuppression ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1743
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11129",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"\" low-dose \" hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11130",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11131",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11132",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11133",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11134",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
115,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11135",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11136",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11137",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11138",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean arterial pressure , systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11139",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
803
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11140",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac index"
],
"offsets": [
[
806,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11141",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"norepinephrine requirement"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11142",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma nitrite/nitrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
870,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11143",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nitric oxide formation"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11144",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction of vasopressor support"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
994
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11145",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory response ( interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1001,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11146",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial ( soluble E-selectin )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11147",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutrophil activation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiinflammatory response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11149",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II and interleukin-10"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11150",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"human leukocyte antigen-DR expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1307,
1344
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11151",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"in vitro phagocytosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11152",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"monocyte-activating cytokine interleukin-12"
],
"offsets": [
[
1413,
1456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11153",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hemodynamic and immunologic rebound effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1503,
1548
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11154",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamic stability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1597,
1618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11155",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"immunologic response to stress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1652,
1682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11156",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"septic shock :"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11157",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"adrenal insufficiency"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11158",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"septic shock"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11159",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"40"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11160",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"septic shock"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11161 | 12437457 | [
{
"id": "11162",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized , double-blind , vehicle-controlled study to assess 5 % imiquimod cream for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses . BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses ( AKs ) are precancerous epidermal lesions found most frequently on areas of the skin exposed to the sun . Several case studies published recently have indicated that 5 % imiquimod cream , currently licensed for the treatment of genital warts , may be an effective treatment for AK . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of imiquimod for the treatment of AK . DESIGN Patients in this randomized , double-blind , vehicle-controlled study applied 5 % imiquimod cream or vehicle to AK lesions 3 times per week for a maximum of 12 weeks or until lesions had resolved . In the event of an adverse reaction , application of imiquimod was reduced to 1 or 2 times per week . Rest periods were also allowed if necessary . SETTING A specialized outpatient dermatology clinic within a state-funded hospital in Germany . PATIENTS The study population was aged 45 to 85 years . Of 52 patients screened , 36 men and women with AK confirmed by histological diagnosis were enrolled . Patients were excluded from the study if they did not have a histological diagnosis for AK , if they were older than 85 years , or if they did not comply with the protocol . All patients had responded to a notice asking for volunteers . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The number and appearance of lesions were evaluated before , during , and after treatment . All adverse effects were recorded . RESULTS Lesions treated with 5 % imiquimod cream were clinically cleared in 21 ( 84 % ) of 25 patients and partially cleared in 2 ( 8 % ) . Clearance was histologically confirmed 2 weeks after the last application of imiquimod in all patients clinically diagnosed as lesion free . Only 10 % of patients treated with imiquimod were clinically diagnosed with recurrence 1 year after treatment . No reduction in the size or number of AK lesions was observed in vehicle-treated patients . Adverse effects reported by patients treated with imiquimod included erythema , edema , induration , vesicles , erosion , ulceration , excoriation , and scabbing . However , imiquimod was well tolerated since all patients completed the 12-week treatment . Only a few , mild adverse reactions to the vehicle cream were reported . CONCLUSION Application of 5 % imiquimod cream for 12 weeks is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AK ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2452
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11163",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11166",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11167",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11170",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11171",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"multiple actinic keratoses"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11172",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Actinic keratoses ( AKs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11173",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AK"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AK lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
660
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11175",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number and appearance of lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1402,
1434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11176",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1494,
1509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11177",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinically cleared"
],
"offsets": [
[
1580,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11178",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"partially cleared"
],
"offsets": [
[
1633,
1650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11179",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1666,
1675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11180",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reduction in the size or number of AK lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1922,
1967
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11181",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"erythema , edema , induration , vesicles , erosion , ulceration , excoriation , and scabbing"
],
"offsets": [
[
2080,
2172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11182",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2204,
2213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11183",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AK"
],
"offsets": [
[
166,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11184",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiple actinic keratoses"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11185",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"45 to 85"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11186",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"52"
],
"offsets": [
[
1039,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11187",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men and women"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11188 | 12440177 | [
{
"id": "11189",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Determinants of serum creatinine trajectory in acute contrast nephropathy . The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory of creatinine ( Cr ) rise and its determinants after exposure to radiocontrast media . Included were 98 subjects who underwent cardiac catheterization and were randomized to forced diuresis with i.v . crystalloid , furosemide , mannitol ( if pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was < 20 mmHg ) , and low dose dopamine versus intravenous crystalloid and matching placebos . Baseline and postcatheterization serum Cr levels were analyzed in a longitudinal fashion , allowing for differences in the time between blood draws , to determine the different critical trajectories of serum Cr . The mean age , baseline serum Cr , and Cr clearance ( CrCl ) were 69.3 +/- 10.8 years , 2.5 +/- 0.9 mg/dL , and 31.4 +/- 12.1 mL/min , respectively . The clinically driven postprocedural observation time was 5.5 +/- 5.1 days ( range 19 hours and one Cr value to 25.7 days and 18 values ) . The mean maximum Cr was 3.3 +/- 1.4 , range 1.7-8.7 mg/dL ) . Longitudinal models support baseline Cr clearance predictions for the change in Cr at 24 hours , time as the determinant of Cr trajectory , and requisite monitoring . For any given individual , a rise in Cr of < or = 0.5 mg/dL in the first 24 hours after contrast exposure predicted a favorable outcome . Baseline renal function is the major determinant of the rate of rise , height , and duration of Cr trajectory after contrast exposure . Length of observation and frequency of laboratory measures can be anticipated from these models ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1604
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11190",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diuresis with i.v . crystalloid , furosemide , mannitol ( if pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was < 20 mmHg ) ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11191",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"low dose dopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"crystalloid"
],
"offsets": [
[
330,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11193",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"matching placebos"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11194",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"creatinine ( Cr )"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11195",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum Cr levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11196",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean age"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11197",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline serum Cr"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11198",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cr clearance ( CrCl )"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
774
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11199",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinically driven postprocedural observation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
868,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11200",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean maximum Cr"
],
"offsets": [
[
1008,
1023
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11201",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cr clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11202",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cr"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11203",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Baseline renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1371,
1394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11204",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nephropathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11205",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"radiocontrast"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11206",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"98"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11207",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiac catheterization"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11208",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"baseline serum Cr"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
746
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11209",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Cr clearance"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11210",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"69.3 +/- 10.8 years ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
801
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11211 | 12443948 | [
{
"id": "11212",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Reactive balance adjustments to unexpected perturbations during human walking . The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of unexpected forward perturbations ( FP ) during gait on lower extremity joint mechanics and muscle Electromyographic ( EMG ) patterns in healthy adults . The muscles surrounding the hip were found to be most important in maintaining control of the trunk and preventing collapse in response to the FP . Distinct lower extremity joint moment and power patterns were observed in response to the FP but an overall positive moment of support ( M ( s ) ) was maintained . Therefore , reactive balance control was a synchronized effort of the lower extremity joints to prevent collapse during the FP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
738
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11213",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"unexpected perturbations"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11214",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"unexpected forward perturbations ( FP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11215",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"FP"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11216",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"FP"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11217",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower extremity joint mechanics"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11218",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle Electromyographic ( EMG ) patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11219",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maintaining control of the trunk and preventing collapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
365,
421
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11220",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Distinct lower extremity joint moment and power patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11221",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"moment of support ( M ( s ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11222",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reactive balance control"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11223",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
281,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11224",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
295
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11225 | 12447025 | [
{
"id": "11226",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Lofexidine in hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
73
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11227",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lofexidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11228",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperactive and impulsive"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11229",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11230",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11231 | 12452403 | [
{
"id": "11232",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Hypnosis treatment for severe irritable bowel syndrome : investigation of mechanism and effects on symptoms . Hypnosis improves irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) , but the mechanism is unknown . Possible physiological and psychological mechanisms were investigated in two studies . Patients with severe irritable bowel syndrome received seven biweekly hypnosis sessions and used hypnosis audiotapes at home . Rectal pain thresholds and smooth muscle tone were measured with a barostat before and after treatment in 18 patients ( study I ) , and treatment changes in heart rate , blood pressure , skin conductance , finger temperature , and forehead electromyographic activity were assessed in 24 patients ( study II ) . Somatization , anxiety , and depression were also measured . All central IBS symptoms improved substantially from treatment in both studies . Rectal pain thresholds , rectal smooth muscle tone , and autonomic functioning ( except sweat gland reactivity ) were unaffected by hypnosis treatment . However , somatization and psychological distress showed large decreases . In conclusion , hypnosis improves IBS symptoms through reductions in psychological distress and somatization . Improvements were unrelated to changes in the physiological parameters measured ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1281
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11233",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Hypnosis treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11234",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Hypnosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11235",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"biweekly hypnosis sessions and used hypnosis audiotapes"
],
"offsets": [
[
342,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11236",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"All central IBS symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11237",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Rectal pain thresholds"
],
"offsets": [
[
408,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11238",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rectal smooth muscle tone , and autonomic functioning ( except sweat gland reactivity )"
],
"offsets": [
[
886,
973
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11239",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"somatization and psychological distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11240",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychological distress and somatization"
],
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11241 | 12452980 | [
{
"id": "11242",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Investigation of the effect of FK506 ( tacrolimus ) and cyclosporin on gingival overgrowth following paediatric liver transplantation . INTRODUCTION Gingival overgrowth associated with immunosuppression following liver transplantation is a commonly recognized clinical problem . The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of gingival overgrowth in a group of children post liver transplantation and to compare gingival overgrowth in children receiving FK506 with those receiving cyclosporin . METHODS Seventy-nine children ( aged 15-196 months ) undergoing liver transplantation at Birmingham Children 's Hospital between October 1998 and October 2000 were studied . Gingival overgrowth was assessed in a blinded fashion and scored in a previously validated manner . Gingival overgrowth scores of the patients on each immunosuppressant drug were then compared . RESULTS Fifty-two patients were treated with cyclosporin and 27 treated with tacrolimus . Eighteen children were also receiving nifedipine ( also known to cause gingival overgrowth ) and were considered separately . Of the 41 children receiving cyclosporin alone , 26 exhibited gingival overgrowth compared to zero of 20 patients receiving tacrolimus alone . Those children treated with immunosuppression plus nifedipine developed gingival overgrowth , however , this was much less marked in the tacrolimus group . CONCLUSION Tacrolimus , unlike cyclosporin , is not associated with gingival overgrowth when used for immunosuppression following liver transplantation in children , and may be the drug of choice for children ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1599
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11243",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FK506 ( tacrolimus )"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11244",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11245",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FK506"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11246",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11247",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11248",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11249",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11250",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11251",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11252",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11253",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Tacrolimus"
],
"offsets": [
[
1400,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11254",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
56,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11255",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11256",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11257",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11258",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11259",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11260",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11261",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"paediatric"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11262",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"liver transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11263",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11264",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11265",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11266",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11267",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children ( aged 15-196 months )"
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
557
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11268",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Fifty-two patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11269",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11270",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"41"
],
"offsets": [
[
1097,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11271",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11272",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"26"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11273",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gingival overgrowth"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11274",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"zero of 20 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1184,
1203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11275",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11276",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
371,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11277 | 12456431 | [
{
"id": "11278",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gastroesophageal reflux and tracheal aspiration in the thoracotomy position : should ranitidine premedication be routine ? UNLABELLED Aspiration of gastric contents may contribute to pulmonary complications after thoracotomy . The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) and tracheal acid aspiration in patients undergoing thoracotomy in the lateral position is unknown . Ranitidine premedication reduces gastric volume , increases gastric pH , and may reduce GER . We used continuous intraluminal esophageal and tracheal pH monitoring probes to investigate the effect of ranitidine on the incidence of GER and tracheal aspiration in 80 adult patients undergoing thoracotomy . The study was placebo-controlled , randomized , and double-blinded . Patients at high risk of GER were excluded from the study . The incidence of acid GER in the placebo and ranitidine groups was 28.2 % and 2.5 % , respectively ( P = 0.006 ) . Multiple episodes of GER occurred in some patients in the placebo group only . The total number of episodes of GER in the placebo and ranitidine groups was 16 and 1 , respectively ( P = 0.002 ) . The incidence of tracheal acid aspiration in the placebo and ranitidine groups was 7.7 % and 2.5 % , respectively ( not significant ) . Patients undergoing thoracotomy are therefore at high risk of acid GER , which may lead to tracheal acid aspiration in an appreciable proportion . Premedication with ranitidine significantly reduces , but does not eliminate , the incidence of this potentially life-threatening complication . IMPLICATIONS Gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) and tracheal aspiration of acid may increase morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing thoracotomy . This randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study demonstrates frequent incidences of both acid GER and tracheal acid aspiration during surgery that are significantly reduced by premedication with ranitidine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1920
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11279",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11280",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11281",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11282",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11283",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11289",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"thoracotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11291",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"thoracotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11292",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ranitidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11294",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastroesophageal reflux ( GER )"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11295",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal acid aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11296",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11297",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11299",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of acid GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
815,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11300",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"episodes of GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
935,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11301",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total number of episodes of GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
1009,
1040
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11302",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of tracheal acid aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1126,
1163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11303",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of acid GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11304",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal acid aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11305",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Gastroesophageal reflux ( GER )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1563,
1594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal aspiration of acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1599,
1626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acid GER"
],
"offsets": [
[
828,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal acid aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11309",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients undergoing thoracotomy in the lateral position"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11310",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"80"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11311 | 12457629 | [
{
"id": "11312",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in lung tissue , bronchial washing , and plasma in patients given multiple oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg daily . The present study compares the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in plasma , lung tissue , and bronchial washing after oral administration of 500 mg ( standard dose ) versus 1000 mg daily for 3 days . Samples were taken during surgery for lung resection at various time points up to 204 h after the last drug dose , and azithromycin levels were analyzed by HPLC method . Azithromycin was widely distributed within the lower respiratory tract ; sustained concentrations of the drug were detectable at the last sampling time ( 204 h ) in lung tissue and bronchial washing , with long terminal half-lives of 132.86 and 74.32 h at 500 mg daily and 133.32 and 70.5 h at 1000 mg daily , respectively . Doubling the drug dose resulted in a remarkable increase in lung area under the curve ( AUC , 1318 hx microg g ( -1 ) vs 2502 hx microg g ( -1 ) ) and peak tissue concentration ( 9.13+/-0.53 microg g ( -1 ) vs 17.85+/-2.4 microg g ( -1 ) ) . In addition to this , enhanced azithromycin penetration from plasma into bronchial secretion and lung tissue was evidenced by the increase in the ratio of AUC ( bronchial washing ) versus AUC ( plasma ) ( 2.96 vs 5.27 at 500 and 1000 mg , respectively ) and AUC ( lung ) versus AUC ( plasma ) ( 64.35 vs 97.73 at 500 and 1000 mg , respectively ) . In conclusion , the exposure of lung and bronchial washing to azithromycin is increased by doubling the dose , which results in favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the drug in the lower respiratory tract ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1637
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11313",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11314",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11315",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11316",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11317",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11318",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azithromycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11319",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sustained concentrations of the drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11320",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lung area under the curve"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11321",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ratio of AUC ( bronchial washing ) versus AUC ( plasma )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1229,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11322",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AUC ( lung ) versus AUC ( plasma )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11323",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1569,
1592
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11324 | 12458862 | [
{
"id": "11325",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Prospective randomized trial of an anterior surface modified prolate intraocular lens . PURPOSE We compare the contrast sensitivity obtained with an anterior surface modified prolate intraocular lens with the contrast sensitivity obtained with a standard spherical intraocular lens . METHODS Patients presenting for cataract surgery in one eye were randomized to receive either the Tecnis Z9000 intraocular lens ( Pharmacia ) or the AMO AR40e Opti-Edge intraocular lens ( AMO ) . Sine wave grating contrast sensitivity testing under mesopic and photopic conditions served as the principal outcome measure . RESULTS The Tecnis Z9000 intraocular lens provided statistically significantly better contrast sensitivity at 1.5 and 3 cycles per degree under mesopic conditions and at 6 , 12 and 18 cycles per degree under photopic conditions . CONCLUSION The use of a modified prolate intraocular lens during cataract surgery has the potential to improve contrast sensitivity under both mesopic and photopic conditions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1013
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11326",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Tecnis Z9000 intraocular lens ( Pharmacia )"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11327",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"the AMO AR40e Opti-Edge intraocular lens"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11328",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11329",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11330",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"statistically significantly better contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
713
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11331",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"contrast sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11332",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Patients presenting for cataract surgery in one eye were randomized"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11333 | 12459663 | [
{
"id": "11334",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of acustimulation and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting . BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation ( acustimulation ) using the ReliefBand compared with ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) after outpatient laparoscopic surgery . METHODS After the authors obtained institutional review board approval and written informed consent , 268 outpatients were enrolled in this randomized , double-blind , placebo- and sham-controlled study . All patients received antiemetic prophylaxis with metoclopramide , 10 mg intravenously , or droperidol , 0.625 mg intravenously , after induction of anesthesia . A total of 90 patients developed PONV in the recovery units and were randomized to one of three treatment groups : ( 1 ) the ondansetron group received 4 mg intravenous ondansetron and a sham ReliefBand ; ( 2 ) the acustimulation group received 2 ml intravenous saline and a ReliefBand ; and ( 3 ) the combination group received 4 mg intravenous ondansetron and a ReliefBand . A rescue antiemetic ( 10 mg intravenous metoclopramide ) was administered only if the PONV symptoms persisted for 15 min or longer after initiating the treatment . A blinded observer recorded the recovery times , emetic symptoms , rescue antiemetics , maximum nausea scores , complete response to study treatment , and time to achieve discharge criteria . Postdischarge side effects , as well as patient satisfaction and quality of recovery scores , were assessed at 24 and 72 h after surgery . RESULTS The combination group had a significantly higher complete response rate than the acustimulation group ( 73 % vs.40 % , P < 0.01 ) . In addition , fewer patients ( 8 vs. 18 ) in the combination ( vs. acustimulation ) group experienced subsequent emetic events ( P < 0.03 ) . However , there were no significant differences between the three groups with respect to patient satisfaction and quality of recovery scores . CONCLUSIONS Acustimulation with the ReliefBand can be used as an alternative to ondansetron for the treatment of established PONV . However , the use of ondansetron ( 4 mg intravenously ) in combination with the ReliefBand device improved the complete response rate to the acustimulation therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2351
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11335",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"4 mg intravenous ondansetron and a sham ReliefBand"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
959
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11336",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"2 ml intravenous saline and a ReliefBand"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11337",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"4 mg intravenous ondansetron and a ReliefBand"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1131
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11338",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"rescue antiemetic ( 10 mg intravenous metoclopramide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1136,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11339",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"recovery times ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11340",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"emetic symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1347,
1362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11341",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11342",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rescue antiemetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1365,
1383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11343",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maximum nausea scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11345",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
", complete response to study treatment , and time to achieve discharge criteria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11346",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"complete response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1410,
1427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11347",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"subsequent"
],
"offsets": [
[
1871,
1881
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"emetic events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1882,
1895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11349",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient satisfaction and quality of recovery scores ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2000,
2053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11350",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"established postoperative nausea and vomiting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11351",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) after outpatient laparoscopic surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
282,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11352",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"268"
],
"offsets": [
[
492,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11353",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"90"
],
"offsets": [
[
768,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11354",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PONV"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11355",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"established PONV ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2167,
2185
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11356 | 12462350 | [
{
"id": "11357",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Secretin and sleep in children with autism . The objectives of this pilot study were 1 ) to examine possible effects of secretin infusions on sleep-wake state organization in children with autism , and 2 ) to assess the feasibility of home recordings using time-lapse videosomnography in children with autism . Participants were a subset of subjects from two double blind , placebo-control , multi-center clinical trials . One trial , the UC Irvine study , assessed the effects of porcine secretin vs. saline infusions on children 's behavior , language and IQ . The UC Davis trial assessed the effects of synthetic human secretin vs. saline infusions on behavior , language and gastrointestinal function . The sleep study enrolled some of the children from each of the two trials to observe possible secretin effects on sleep . To examine sleep , the UC Irvine trial used the Children 's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and daily sleep diaries , whereas the UC Davis study used home-recorded time-lapse videosomnography . Because of the small sample size , the results from both trials are preliminary . They suggest that secretin , porcine or synthetic , does not improve sleep-wake state organization dramatically ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1213
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11358",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11360",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"porcine secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
481,
497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11361",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"saline infusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11362",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"synthetic human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11363",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"saline infusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
518
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"secretin , porcine or synthetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1118,
1149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11365",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavior , language"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11366",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"IQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11367",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavior , language"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11368",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
679,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11369",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Children 's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and daily sleep diaries"
],
"offsets": [
[
877,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11370",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"home-recorded time-lapse videosomnography"
],
"offsets": [
[
974,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11371",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sleep-wake state organization"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11372 | 12463729 | [
{
"id": "11373",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments of galantamine and risperidone after the two drugs are administered alone and together . To explore the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile after coadministration of galantamine and risperidone , an open-label , randomized , single-center , two-way crossover drug-drug interaction study was conducted in 16 healthy elderly subjects , ages 60 years and older . The results showed that risperidone , when administered with galantamine , did not change the bioavailability of galantamine at steady state . In addition , systemic exposure of risperidone active moiety ( risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone ) , the most clinically relevant component of risperidone treatment , was not affected by galantamine coadministration , while systemic exposure was increased by approximately 10 % for risperidone and decreased by about 10 % for 9-hydroxyrisperidone ( active metabolite of risperidone ) . Galantamine and risperidone were both safe and well tolerated administered either alone or together . Thus , no dose adjustment for either risperidone orgalantamine is necessary when these two drugs are administered together in the dose range evaluated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1187
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11377",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11378",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11379",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11380",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11381",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11382",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11383",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11384",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11385",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11386",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"9-hydroxyrisperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
623,
643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11387",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11388",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
933,
944
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11389",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone orgalantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11390",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11391",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11392",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11393",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"assessments"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11394",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
494,
509
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11395",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"systemic exposure"
],
"offsets": [
[
557,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11396",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe and well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
971,
994
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11397 | 12478408 | [
{
"id": "11398",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized prospective controlled trial of oral ganciclovir versus oral valacyclovir for prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease after renal transplantation . Oral ganciclovir and valacyclovir reduce the incidence of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease after renal transplantation ( RTx ) . Our study was designed to compare the efficacy , costs , and safety of oral ganciclovir and valacyclovir in the prophylaxis of CMV disease over the first 6 months after RTx . A total of 38 patients was randomized to 3-month treatment with either oral ganciclovir ( 1 g t.i.d. , n=14 , GAN group ) or oral valacyclovir ( 2 g q.i.d. , n=12 , VAL group ) . A third group ( C , n=12 ) received no prophylaxis . The patients were monitored by CMV-nested PCR in whole blood . No differences were found between the groups in their demographic characteristics , immunosuppressive protocols , or donor and recipient CMV serology . Thirty-six out of 38 ( 94.7 % ) recipients were CMV-seropositive . Over the 6-month post-RTx period , there were 13 episodes of CMV disease in eight ( 66.7 % ) patients of the C group compared with none in the GAN and VAL groups ( P=0.0005 , GAN vs C ; P=0.001 , VAL vs C ) . The incidence of CMV viremia was 30.8 % , 50.0 % , and 91.7 % in the GAN , VAL , and C groups , respectively ( P=0.004 , GAN vs C ; P=0.07 , VAL vs C ; P=NS , GAN vs VAL ) . Treatment failure ( death , graft loss , CMV disease , or withdrawal from study ) occurred in 14.3 % , 0 % and 66.7 % in the GAN , VAL , and C groups , respectively ( P=0.014 , GAN vs C ; P=0.001 , VAL vs C ; P=NS , GAN vs VAL ) . The average CMV-associated costs per patient ( in 2001 euros ) were 2,449+/-1,178 , 2,485+/-581 , and 4,259+/-4,616 in the GAN , VAL , and C groups , respectively . Ganciclovir and valacyclovir were well tolerated , with ganciclovir having had to be withdrawn shortly in one patient only because of thrombocytopenia . In conclusion , oral ganciclovir and valacyclovir are equally safe and effective in the prophylaxis of CMV disease after RTx . Both are cost-effective and help reduce CMV-associated costs by some 40 % compared with patients without prophylaxis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2154
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11399",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11400",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valacyclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11401",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11402",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valacyclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11403",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11404",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"valacyclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11405",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral ganciclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11406",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral valacyclovir"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11407",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no prophylaxis"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cytomegalovirus disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11410",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
326,
334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11411",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11412",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11413",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CMV-seropositive ."
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11414",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CMV"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11415",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of CMV viremia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1190,
1214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11416",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1380,
1385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11417",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"graft loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11418",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CMV disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11419",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"withdrawal from study"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11420",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"average CMV-associated costs per patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
1595,
1635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11421",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1790,
1804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11422",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"equally safe and effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1963,
1989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11423",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
2045,
2059
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11424",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"CMV-associated costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1603,
1623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11425",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"renal transplantation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11426 | 12480867 | [
{
"id": "11427",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Galantamine may be effective in treating autistic disorder ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
60
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11428",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Galantamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11429",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11430 | 12482473 | [
{
"id": "11431",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Increased concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin due to antidepressant treatment with amitritpyline , but not paroxetine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
132
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11432",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amitritpyline"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paroxetine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11434",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"antidepressant treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11435",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"amitritpyline"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11436 | 12485538 | [
{
"id": "11437",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risperidone improves behavior in children with autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
55
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11438",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11439",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11440",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11441",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11442 | 12486433 | [
{
"id": "11443",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy with Inoue balloon technique and metallic commissurotomy : immediate and short-term follow-up results of a randomized study . BACKGROUND The Inoue balloon technique for mitral commissurotomy is well established and carried out worldwide . Metallic commissurotomy is reported to be a cheaper and effective alternative to balloon mitral commissurotomy . METHODS One hundred patients were randomized into 2 groups to undergo percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy ( PTMC ) by means of the Inoue balloon technique ( IBMC , n = 49 ) or metallic commissurotomy ( PMMC , n = 51 ) . Patients were crossed over to the other technique when the initial technique was a failure . Success of valvotomy , procedure-related complications , and follow-up events of the 2 techniques were compared . RESULTS Basal echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were similar in both groups . Procedural success was similar in both groups : 45 of 49 procedures ( 91.8 % ) in the IBMC group , compared with 46 of 51 procedures ( 90.18 % ) in the PMMC group ( P = 1.0 ) . Crossover was also comparable , with 1 occurring in the IBMC group , compared with 3 in the PMMC group . Complications such as cardiac tamponade and mitral regurgitation ( requiring or not requiring mitral valve replacement ) were similar in both groups , with 3 complications in the IBMC group , compared with 4 complications in the PMMC group ( P =.29 ) . After a follow-up period of approximately 4 months , both groups had similar event rates and comparable hemodynamic parameters ( P = not significant ) . CONCLUSIONS Both IBMC and PMMC are successful means of providing relief from severe mitral stenosis with a gain in valve area and reduction in transmitral gradient . Both techniques have similar procedural success , complication rates , and follow-up events ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1867
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11444",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"percutaneous transmitral commissurotomy ( PTMC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11445",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"means of the Inoue balloon technique ( IBMC"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11446",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"metallic commissurotomy ( PMMC"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11447",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
", n = 51 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11448",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11449",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Success of valvotomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11450",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"procedure-related complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11451",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"follow-up events"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11452",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Basal echocardiographic"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11453",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hemodynamic data"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11454",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"cardiac tamponade and mitral regurgitation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11455",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11456",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe mitral stenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1685,
1707
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11457 | 12492271 | [
{
"id": "11458",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Ankle cryotherapy facilitates soleus function . STUDY DESIGN A 2-factor ( group and time ) experimental design with repeated measures on time . OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of ankle cryotherapy on voluntary and resting motor function of the soleus over a 60-minute period . To determine if a relationship exists between changes in torque production and Hoffmann reflex ( H-reflex ) following ankle joint cryotherapy treatment . BACKGROUND Controversy surrounds the use of cryotherapy prior to activity and rehabilitation . While cooling muscle may have a deleterious effect on motor function , cooling the joint may enhance motor function around the joint . The H-reflex is a good resting measure of motoneuronal activity . However , its relationship to voluntary activity is unknown . METHODS AND MEASURES Thirty subjects were pretested ( baseline ) for normalized H-reflex ( defined as the ratio of maximum H-reflex [ Hmax ] to maximum direct motor response [ Mmax ] ) and peak plantar flexion torque . A crushed ice bag was placed over the ankle of 15 subjects for 30 minutes . H-reflex and torque measurements were collected immediately following the cryotherapy treatment at 30 , 60 , and 90 minutes . Surface temperatures were recorded from the ankle and electrode site with each measurement interval . RESULTS Both peak H-reflex and plantar flexion torque at 30 , 60 , and 90 minutes increased relative to baseline measurements . Each measurement was also greater than the corresponding control at 30 , 60 , and 90 minutes . A weak correlation ( r = 0.38 ; P = 0.036 ) existed between changes in H-reflex and plantar flexion torque at 30 minutes . CONCLUSIONS The soleus motoneuron pool is facilitated following a 30-minute crushed ice application to the ankle and over a 60-minute postcooling period . These data support the use of joint cooling prior to activity and rehabilitation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1899
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11459",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Ankle cryotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11460",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ankle cryotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11461",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ankle joint cryotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11462",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"A crushed ice bag was placed over the ankle"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1055
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11463",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"crushed ice application"
],
"offsets": [
[
1738,
1761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"soleus function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11465",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"voluntary and resting motor function of the soleus"
],
"offsets": [
[
204,
254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"torque production"
],
"offsets": [
[
338,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11467",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hoffmann reflex ( H-reflex )"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11468",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11469",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11470",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H-reflex"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11471",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H-reflex"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11472",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak plantar flexion torque ."
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11473",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H-reflex"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11474",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"torque measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1101,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11475",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Surface temperatures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11476",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak H-reflex"
],
"offsets": [
[
1329,
1342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11477",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plantar flexion torque"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11478",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H-reflex"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
386
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11479",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plantar flexion torque"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
1009
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11480",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"soleus"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11481",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Thirty subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
829
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11482 | 12496956 | [
{
"id": "11483",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oxytocin infusion reduces repetitive behaviors in adults with autistic and Asperger 's disorders . Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three core behavioral domains : repetitive behaviors , social deficits , and language abnormalities . There is evidence that abnormalities exist in peptide systems , particularly the oxytocin system , in autism spectrum patients . Furthermore , oxytocin and the closely related peptide vasopressin are known to play a role in social and repetitive behaviors . This study examined the impact of oxytocin on repetitive behaviors in 15 adults with autism or Asperger 's disorder via randomized double-blind oxytocin and placebo challenges . The primary outcome measure was an instrument rating six repetitive behaviors : need to know , repeating , ordering , need to tell/ask , self-injury , and touching . Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant reduction in repetitive behaviors following oxytocin infusion in comparison to placebo infusion . Repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders may be related to abnormalities in the oxytocin system , and may be partially ameliorated by synthetic oxytocin infusion ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1205
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11484",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oxytocin infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11485",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oxytocin"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11487",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
688,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11488",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11489",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11490",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11491",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"six repetitive behaviors : need to know , repeating , ordering , need to tell/ask , self-injury , and touching ."
],
"offsets": [
[
762,
874
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11492",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"repetitive behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11493",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Repetitive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11494",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11495",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic and Asperger 's disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11496",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism spectrum"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11497 | 12504399 | [
{
"id": "11498",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate for treatment of uncomplicated malaria : a longitudinal randomised trial . BACKGROUND New antimalarial treatments are urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa . Improved therapies should decrease failure rates in the short term , but their effect on incidence of subsequent episodes of malaria is little studied . We aimed to compare the short-term and long-term effectiveness of three antimalarial regimens in children from Kampala , Uganda . METHODS We randomly allocated healthy children aged 6 months to 5 years to receive 25 mg/kg sulfadoxine and 1.25 mg/kg pyrimethamine plus either placebo , 25 mg/kg amodiaquine , or 12 mg/kg artesunate . Participants were followed up for 1 year and received the same preassigned treatment for every new episode of uncomplicated malaria diagnosed during follow-up . Recrudescent and new infections were distinguished by comparison of polymorphisms in merozoite surface protein 2 ( MSP2 ) . Our primary endpoint was the total number of treatments for malaria per time at risk . Analyses were done per protocol . FINDINGS 183 ( 61 % ) of 316 participants were diagnosed with at least one episode of uncomplicated malaria . A total of 577 episodes of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with study drugs ; all regimens were safe and well tolerated . Clinical treatment failure after 14 days was significantly more frequent in the sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine group ( 38 of 215 , 18 % ) compared with either the sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine group ( two of 164 , 1 % ; p < 0.0001 ) or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus artesunate group ( one of 198 , 1 % ; p < 0.0001 ) . After 28 and 42 days , patients in the sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine group were significantly less likely to develop malaria than were those in the other groups . Overall , sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine reduced the rate of subsequent treatments for malaria by 54 % ( 95 % CI 36-66 , p < 0.0001 ) compared with sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine alone and by 37 % ( 12-54 , p=0.007 ) compared with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus artesunate . INTERPRETATION Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine could be used as an inexpensive regimen to decrease the rate of subsequent episodes of malaria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2314
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine alone or with amodiaquine or artesunate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
65
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11500",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"25 mg/kg sulfadoxine and 1.25 mg/kg pyrimethamine plus either"
],
"offsets": [
[
590,
651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11501",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
659
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11502",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
", 25 mg/kg amodiaquine , or 12 mg/kg artesunate ."
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
709
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11503",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uncomplicated malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11504",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"failure rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
272
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total number of treatments for malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1062
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11506",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
1347,
1351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11507",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1361,
1370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Clinical treatment failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1373,
1399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11509",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11510",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of subsequent treatments for malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
1942,
1983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"decrease the rate of subsequent episodes of malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
2261,
2312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11512",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"uncomplicated malaria"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11513",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
482
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11514",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"6 months to 5 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
559,
578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11515",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"316"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1144
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11516 | 12505565 | [
{
"id": "11517",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment effects of eptifibatide in planned coronary stent implantation in patients with chronic kidney disease ( ESPRIT Trial ) . The role of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy in patients with mild renal impairment is not well characterized . Our objective was to explore the associations of creatinine clearance ( CrCl ) with outcomes in a trial of eptifibatide therapy in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . We analyzed 48-hour and 30-day outcomes of patients enrolled in the Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet IIb/IIIa Receptor with Integrilin Therapy ( ESPRIT ) trial . Patients were randomly assigned to placebo or eptifibatide as an adjunct to stent implantation ( 1,755 with CrCl > or =60 ml/min and 289 with CrCl < 60 ml/min ) . CrCl was calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault formula , and the associations of CrCl with outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression models . Patients with CrCl < 60 ml/min were more likely to be older , women , hypertensive , and have a history of coronary artery bypass surgery , stroke , or peripheral vascular disease . The interaction of eptifibatide with CrCl had borderline significance for the 30-day outcome ( p = 0.109 ) . Treatment effect trended toward a greater magnitude in patients with lower CrCl ( 60 ml/min ) ( odds ratio 0.53 , confidence interval 0.34 to 0.83 ) compared with those with higher CrCl ( 90 ml/min ) ( odds ratio 0.68 , confidence interval 0.49 to 0.94 ) . An accompanying increase in bleeding risk also was not apparent with lower CrCl . The treatment effect of eptifibatide is realized regardless of renal function and trends toward being greater in patients with mild renal impairment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1721
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11518",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eptifibatide"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11519",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
144,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11520",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eptifibatide therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11521",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Integrilin Therapy ( ESPRIT ) trial"
],
"offsets": [
[
587,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11522",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11523",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eptifibatide"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eptifibatide"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11525",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"associations of creatinine clearance ( CrCl )"
],
"offsets": [
[
293,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11526",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CrCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11527",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the Cockcroft and Gault formula"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11528",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CrCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11529",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"logistic regression models"
],
"offsets": [
[
912,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11530",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"bleeding risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1517,
1530
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11531",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
231
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11532 | 12505733 | [
{
"id": "11533",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Is the orientation of the apical defibrillation paddle of importance during manual external defibrillation ? OBJECTIVE Transthoracic impedance ( TTI ) is a factor determining the magnitude of the transmyocardial current during external defibrillation . Minimising TTI increases the chances of successful defibrillation . Most external defibrillation paddles are rectangular in shape and can , therefore , be placed in a transverse or longitudinal orientation . The apical paddle is often placed in a transverse orientation . This may theoretically result in a higher TTI than a longitudinal orientation because of poorer contact at the lateral paddle edges . We compared TTI with the apical paddle in both a transverse and longitudinal orientation . MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty sequential anaesthetised patients were studied . A pair of defibrillator paddles were instrumented to measure paddle force . TTI was recorded pre-operatively at end-expiration with the apical paddle in both longitudinal and transverse orientations . The sternal paddle was placed in a longitudinal orientation for all measurements . RESULTS TTI decreased in both transverse and longitudinal orientations as paddle force increased . Transverse paddle orientation resulted in a significantly ( P < 0.01 ) higher TTI than longitudinal orientation at all paddle forces below 12 kg force . CONCLUSION The longitudinal orientation of a rectangular defibrillation paddle provides a lower TTI than orientation horizontally ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1495
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11534",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"manual external defibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11535",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"external defibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11536",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"defibrillator paddles"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11537",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Transverse paddle orientation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1211,
1240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11538",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Transthoracic impedance ( TTI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11539",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"paddle force ."
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11540",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TTI"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11541 | 12511152 | [
{
"id": "11542",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Trials and tribulations : current challenges in conducting clinical trials . Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for the evaluation of new therapies and surgical procedures and as such require strict attention to study design and statistical analysis . There are , however , multiple challenges in conducting a well-designed clinical trial . This article describes the difficulties encountered at a single institution participating in a multicenter drug study and reviews the challenges involved in developing a high-quality randomized controlled study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
569
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11543",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"clinical trials . Randomized controlled trials"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11544",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"a single institution participating in a multicenter drug study"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
474
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11545 | 12512598 | [
{
"id": "11546",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The efficacy of intramammary tilmicosin at drying-off , and other risk factors for the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry period . The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of an intramammary infusion , containing tilmicosin phosphate , to an infusion of a negative control intramammary placebo for preventing new intramammary infections ( IMI ) during the dry period . Cows were enrolled from 24 dairy herds from three geographical regions of Canada . Data from 248 cows and 938 bacteriologically negative quarters at drying-off are summarized . Overall , the rate of new IMI during the dry period was 16.7 % of quarters . The new infection rates for quarters that received intramammary tilmicosin compared with the intramammary placebo were 14.4 and 19.4 % , respectively . The majority of new IMI was caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci ( 49 % ) and environmental streptococcal organisms ( 26.8 % ) . The probability for quarters to develop new IMI in the dry period was significantly increased when cows had higher milk production before drying-off ( P = 0.04 ) , when cows had longer dry periods ( P = 0.02 ) , and when dry cows were housed in tie-stall barns ( P = 0.002 ) . Higher parity cows and those that had a linear score somatic cell count ( SCC ) above 4 on the last DHI test were also at increased risk for new IMI ( P < 0.10 ) . Administration of intramammary tilmicosin appears to be an efficacious therapy for prevention of new IMI ; however , there is currently no approved intramammary formulation of this product available . Use of blanket dry cow antibiotic therapy compared to selective dry cow therapy , as well as the importance of identifying risk factors and managing the environment of dry cows are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1781
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11547",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramammary tilmicosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11548",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramammary infusion , containing tilmicosin phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11549",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"infusion of a negative control intramammary placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramammary tilmicosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramammary placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramammary tilmicosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11553",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11554",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intramammary infections ( IMI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of new IMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new infection rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
683
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new IMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"new IMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
605,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"linear score somatic cell count ( SCC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1264,
1303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk for new IMI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1356,
1372
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11561",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prevention of new IMI ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
1471,
1494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11562",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Cows"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11563",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"248"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11564 | 125133 | [
{
"id": "11565",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Anabolic steroids in athelics : crossover double-blind trial on weightlifters . Thirteen experienced male weightlifters taking high-protein diets and regular exercise took part in a double-blind crossover trial of methandienone 10 or 25 mg/day to seeif the drug improved athletic performance . Their improvemments were significantly greater on methandienone than on placebo ; their body weights rose ( though this seemed to be associated with water retention ) ; and systolic blood pressure rose significantly . Methandienone caused many side effects , and three men had to withdraw because of them . All side effects disappeared after the drug was stopped . Anabolic steroids are effective only when given combination with exercise and high-protein diet . We deprecate their use in athletics but can suggest no way of stopping it ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
832
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11566",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anabolic steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methandienone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methandienone"
],
"offsets": [
[
214,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11569",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Methandienone"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anabolic steroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11572",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"athletic performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
271,
291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11573",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"greater"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11574",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"body weights rose"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11575",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systolic blood pressure rose"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
495
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11576",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11577",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11578",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11579",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11580 | 12531809 | [
{
"id": "11581",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone versus prednisone and daily oral versus weekly intravenous mercaptopurine for patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia : a report from the Children 's Cancer Group . Conventional therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) includes prednisone and oral 6-mercaptopurine . Prior observations suggested potential advantages for dexamethasone over prednisone and for intravenous ( IV ) over oral 6-mercaptopurine , which remain to be validated . We report the results of a randomized trial of more than 1000 subjects that examined the efficacy of dexamethasone and IV 6-mercaptopurine . Children with National Cancer Institute standard-risk ALL were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 factorial design to receive dexamethasone ( 6 mg/m ( 2 ) /d ) for 28 days in induction , plus taper , compared with prednisone ( 40 mg/m ( 2 ) /d ) . The second randomized assignment was for daily oral or weekly IV 6-mercaptopurine during consolidation . During maintenance , 5 days of the randomized steroid was given monthly , at the same dose , and all patients received daily oral 6-mercaptopurine . During delayed intensification , all patients received a dexamethasone dosage of 10 mg/m ( 2 ) /d for 21 days , with taper . Intrathecal ( IT ) methotrexate was the sole central nervous system-directed therapy . Patients randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone had a 6-year isolated central nervous system-relapse rate of 3.7 % +/- 0.8 % , compared with 7.1 % +/- 1.1 % for prednisone ( P =.01 ) . There was also a trend toward fewer isolated bone marrow relapses with dexamethasone . The 6-year event-free survival ( EFS ) was 85 % +/- 2 % for dexamethasone and 77 % +/- 2 % for prednisone ( P =.002 ) . EFS was similar with oral or IV 6-mercaptopurine ; however , patients assigned to IV 6-mercaptopurine had decreased survival after relapse ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1872
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11582",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11583",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11584",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11585",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Conventional therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11586",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11587",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
297,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11590",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous ( IV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
408,
426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11591",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11592",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11593",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11595",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11597",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11598",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Intrathecal ( IT ) methotrexate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1249,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11599",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11600",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11601",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11602",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11603",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prednisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11604",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral or IV 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1753,
1780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11605",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"IV 6-mercaptopurine"
],
"offsets": [
[
606,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11606",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11607",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"6-year isolated central nervous system-relapse rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1394,
1445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11608",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"isolated bone marrow relapses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1561,
1590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11609",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"6-year event-free survival ( EFS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1616,
1650
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11610",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival after relapse ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1848,
1872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11611",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia :"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11612",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11613 | 12538120 | [
{
"id": "11614",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Direct aortic cannulation in minimally invasive mitral-valve operations . The minimally invasive Port-Access ( Heartport , Redwood City , CA ) approach in mitral-valve operations originally required femoral arterial cannulation , which is considered a disadvantage , especially in patients with peripheral vessel disease . In this study 20 patients were prospectively randomized into 2 groups , to undergo either standard femoral ( group A ) or direct aortic cannulation ( group B ) . Pre- and postoperative data as well as markers for myocardial damage were assessed . Postoperatively , patients of group B showed lower levels of damage , indicating that direct aortic cannulation might provide better myocardial protection . Furthermore , the direct aortic cannulation technique may eliminate complications associated with the standard femoral artery cannulation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
866
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11615",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Direct aortic cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11616",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"minimally invasive Port-Access"
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11617",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"femoral arterial cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
199,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11618",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standard femoral"
],
"offsets": [
[
413,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11619",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"direct aortic cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11620",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"direct aortic cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11621",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"direct aortic cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11622",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"standard femoral artery cannulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
864
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"levels of damage"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11624",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
808
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11625",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mitral-valve operations"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11626",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
337,
339
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11627 | 12538218 | [
{
"id": "11628",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of the upper lip bite test ( a simple new technique ) with modified Mallampati classification in predicting difficulty in endotracheal intubation : a prospective blinded study . We explored the possibility that a simple and single test could replace the modified Mallampati score for either a difficult or an unaccomplished tracheal intubation in an impending hypoxic patient . Three hundred adult patients were enrolled in this study . They were subjected to the following assessments : 1 ) oropharyngeal class according to the modified Mallampati criteria ; 2 ) the new , upper lip bite criteria-class I = lower incisors can bite the upper lip above the vermilion line , class II = lower incisors can bite the upper lip below the vermilion line , and class III = lower incisors can not bite the upper lip ; and 3 ) laryngeal view grading according to Cormack 's criteria . The incidence of difficult intubation was 5.7 % . The upper lip bite test showed significantly higher specificity and accuracy than the modified Mallampati test ( P < 0.001 ) . Comparisons of sensitivity , positive and negative predictive values , between the two tests , however , did not reveal any significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) . In conclusion , the upper lip bite test is an acceptable option for predicting difficult intubation as a simple , single test ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1355
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11629",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"upper lip bite test ( a simple new technique ) with modified Mallampati classification"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11630",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"oropharyngeal class according to the modified Mallampati criteria ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11631",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"the new , upper lip bite criteria-class I = lower incisors can bite the upper lip above the vermilion line , class II = lower incisors can bite the upper lip below the vermilion line , and class III = lower incisors can not bite the upper lip ; and"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11632",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laryngeal view grading according to Cormack 's criteria ."
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11633",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"The upper lip bite test"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11634",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"modified Mallampati test"
],
"offsets": [
[
1024,
1048
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11635",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endotracheal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11636",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mallampati score"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11637",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11638",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"impending hypoxic"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11639",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cormack 's criteria"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
885
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11640",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of difficult intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11641",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"specificity"
],
"offsets": [
[
990,
1001
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11642",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1006,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mallampati test"
],
"offsets": [
[
1033,
1048
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11644",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"sensitivity , positive and negative predictive values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11645",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"endotracheal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11646",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypoxic"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
380
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11647",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11648",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
405,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11649",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"difficult intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
905,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11650 | 12541005 | [
{
"id": "11651",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A pilot randomised control trial of a parent training intervention for pre-school children with autism . Preliminary findings and methodological challenges . Few attempts have been made to conduct randomised control trials ( RCTs ) of interventions for pre-school children with autism . We report findings of a pilot RCT for a parent training intervention with a focus on the development of joint attention skills and joint action routines . Twenty-four children meeting ICD-10 criteria for childhood autism ( mean age = 23 months ) were identified using the CHAT screen and randomised to the parent training group or to local services only . A follow-up was conducted 12 months later ( mean age = 35 months ) . There was some evidence that the parent training group made more progress in language development than the local services group . However , the present pilot study was compromised by several factors : a reliance on parental report to measure language , non-matching of the groups on initial IQ , and a lack of systematic checking regarding the implementation of the parent training intervention . Furthermore , three parents in the local services group commenced intensive , home-based behavioural intervention during the course of the study . The difficulties encountered in the conduct of RCTs for pre-school children with autism are discussed . Methodological challenges and strategies for future well-designed RCTs for autism interventions are highlighted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1473
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11652",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent training intervention"
],
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[
38,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11653",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent training intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11654",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"parent training"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11655",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"local services"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
635
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11656",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"home-based behavioural intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1187,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11657",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"language development"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11658",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pre-school children with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11659",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pre-school children with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11660",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-four children"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11661",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"meeting ICD-10 criteria for childhood autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11662",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"( mean age = 23 months )"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11663 | 1254157 | [
{
"id": "11664",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The problems of prophylactic chemotherapy , the second-look operation and the maintenance of the remission in the treatment of ovarian cancer ( author 's transl ) ] . The results of the treatment of 1022 ovarian cancers were reviewed and the problems of prophylactic chemotherapy , a second look operation and the maintenance of the remission were studied . In ovarian cancers of stage 1 and stage 2 , a post-operative prophylactic chemotherapy is useful only in cases with tumor cells in the secretions of the pouch of Douglas or in the ascites and in cases where a sensitivity to the chemotherapy can be assumed . In about 50 % of primarily inoperable stage 3 ovarian cancers , the random treatment with cyclophosphamide ( Endoxan ) results in a clinical remission . A significant five year cure rate can only be obtained if the uterus and the adnexa are removed . Radical operation during the remission appears to be very important for survival of the patient . For the maintenance of the remission continuous chemotherapy for at least 2 years following treatment by operation and radiotherapy is necessary ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1113
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11665",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prophylactic chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11666",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"prophylactic chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11667",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"post-operative prophylactic chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11668",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide ( Endoxan )"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11669",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11670",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11671",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
750,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11672",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cure"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11673",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
800,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11674",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11675",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"1022 ovarian cancers"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11676",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ovarian cancers"
],
"offsets": [
[
206,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11677",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stage 1"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11678",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stage 2"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11679",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"inoperable stage 3 ovarian cancers"
],
"offsets": [
[
645,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11680 | 12546485 | [
{
"id": "11681",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of prelinguistic milieu teaching and parent responsivity education on dyads involving children with intellectual disabilities . This study tested the effect of a method of facilitating prelinguistic communication on parents ' responsivity and children 's communication and productive language development . The method involved Responsivity education for the parents and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching for the children ( RPMT ) . Thirty-nine prelinguistic toddlers with intellectual disabilities and their primary caregivers participated in this study . Parent-child pairs were randomly assigned to either the RPMT group or a control group . Communication and language were assessed at study entry and 6 , 9 , and 12 months later . RPMT facilitated parental responsivity in the posttreatment period . The effect of RPMT on growth rate of child-initiated comments ( i.e. , the most common type of initiating joint attention ) varied by pretreatment measures of that variable . The effect of RPMT on growth rate of child-initiated requests ( i.e. , the most common type of initiating behavior regulation ) varied by presence or absence of Down syndrome . Finally , the effect of RPMT on growth of productive language varied by pretreatment frequency of canonical vocal communication . Recommended alterations in PMT and implications for defining which nonspeaking children are appropriate for prelinguistic goals and treatment were discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1447
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11682",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"prelinguistic milieu teaching and parent responsivity education"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11683",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"facilitating prelinguistic communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11684",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Responsivity education for the parents"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11685",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching for the children ( RPMT ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
435
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11686",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RPMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11687",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
647
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11688",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RPMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11689",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RPMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11690",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RPMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11691",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"RPMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11692",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"PMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
428,
431
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11693",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"dyads involving children with intellectual disabilities ."
],
"offsets": [
[
78,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11694",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parents ' responsivity and children 's communication and productive language development ."
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11695",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Communication and language"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11696",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parental responsivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
776
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11697",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"growth rate of child-initiated comments"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11698",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"growth rate of child-initiated requests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1004,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11699",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"growth of productive language"
],
"offsets": [
[
1191,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11700",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"children with intellectual disabilities ."
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11701",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"parents and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching for the children ( RPMT ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
435
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11702 | 12551867 | [
{
"id": "11703",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Acute intravenous L-arginine infusion decreases endothelin-1 levels and improves endothelial function in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms : correlation with asymmetric dimethylarginine levels . BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) levels could be elevated and influence endothelin-1 and nitric oxide release and action in patients with cardiac syndrome X ( CSX ) . In addition , we evaluated whether an intravenous infusion of L-arginine would improve endothelial function in these subjects . METHODS AND RESULTS Nine patients with CSX and 14 control subjects underwent a continuous infusion of L-arginine ( 0.125 g/min ) or saline for 120 minutes . Sixty minutes after L-arginine or saline infusions , an intravenous insulin bolus ( 0.1 U/kg ) combined with a euglycemic clamp was performed . Basal ADMA and endothelin-1 levels were higher in patients with CSX than in controls . At the end of the first hour of infusion , compared with saline , L-arginine infusion increased basal forearm blood flow , nitrite and nitrate ( NOx ) , and forearm cGMP release and decreased endothelin-1 . After insulin bolus , during saline , insulin-induced NOx , endothelin-1 , and forearm cGMP release was almost abolished . Conversely , L-arginine restored a physiological profile of all endothelial variables compared with control subjects . In control subjects , compared with saline infusion , L-arginine infusion did not modify any parameter . ADMA levels were positively correlated with basal endothelin-1 levels and negatively correlated with insulin-induced incremental levels of NOx and forearm cGMP release . CONCLUSIONS Plasma ADMA levels are increased in patients with CSX , and they are correlated with increases in endothelin-1 and reductions in insulin-induced increments in plasma NOx and cGMP , effects that are reversed by intravenous L-arginine . These data suggest that increased ADMA levels play a role in the abnormal vascular reactivity that is observed in patients with CSX ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2056
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11704",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Acute intravenous L-arginine infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"asymmetric dimethylarginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
214
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11706",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"endothelin-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11707",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitric oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-arginine ( 0.125 g/min ) or saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
666,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"saline infusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
771
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11712",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11713",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"euglycemic clamp"
],
"offsets": [
[
832,
848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11714",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-arginine"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11716",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"saline infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11717",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-arginine infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11718",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1 levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11719",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial function"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dimethylarginine levels ."
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11721",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
308
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11722",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11723",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nitric oxide release and action"
],
"offsets": [
[
358,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11724",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelial function"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11725",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Basal ADMA"
],
"offsets": [
[
865,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11726",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1 levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11727",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"basal forearm blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1072
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11728",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nitrite and nitrate ( NOx )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1102
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11729",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"forearm cGMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11730",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11731",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin-induced NOx"
],
"offsets": [
[
1197,
1216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11732",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11733",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"forearm cGMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11734",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"endothelial variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
1346,
1367
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11735",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ADMA levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11736",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1 levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11737",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"levels of NOx"
],
"offsets": [
[
1635,
1648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11738",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"forearm cGMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1109,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11739",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma ADMA levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1688,
1706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11740",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11741",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NOx"
],
"offsets": [
[
1097,
1100
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11742",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cGMP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1117,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11743",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ADMA levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11744",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"angina pectoris"
],
"offsets": [
[
119,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11745",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"arteriograms"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
167
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11746",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiac syndrome X"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11747",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11748 | 1255322 | [
{
"id": "11749",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Variance in albumin loading in exchange transfusions . To assess the rationale of albumin priming prior to exchange transfusions , 42 hyperbilirubinemic infants who required exchange transfusions were randomly assigned to one of two groups . Group I consisted of 15 infants who were given intravenously 1 gm/kg of salt-poor human serum albumin one hour before the exchanges . Group II , which consisted of 27 infants , received simple exchanges . No statistical differences were found in variations in reserve albumin-binding capacity , bilirubin , albumin , or red cell bilirubin at pre and one-hour post albumin infusion in the primed infants . The amount of bilirubin removed per kilogram is directly correlated to plasma bilirubin concentration ( r=0.87 ) . No significant difference in efficiency on bilirubin removal was seen between the two groups . Beneficial effects of albumin therapy was apparent only in those infants with low RABC as determined by the sephadex gel filtration technique ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1000
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11750",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albumin"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11751",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenously 1 gm/kg of salt-poor human serum albumin"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11752",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amount of bilirubin removed per kilogram"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11753",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma bilirubin concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11754",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"efficiency on bilirubin removal"
],
"offsets": [
[
791,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11755",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"42 hyperbilirubinemic infants who required exchange transfusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
195
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11756",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"15 infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
263,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11757 | 12553591 | [
{
"id": "11758",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Lack of benefit of intravenous synthetic human secretin in the treatment of autism . The objective of this study was to determine if an intravenous infusion of synthetic human secretin improves language and behavioral symptoms in children with autism . Forty-two children with the diagnosis of autism were randomized to one of two groups in this double-blind cross-over trial . One group received 2 IU/kg of intravenous synthetic human secretin at the first visit , followed by an equal volume of intravenous saline placebo at week 6 . The other group received treatments in the reverse order . All children were evaluated at weeks 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 with standardized assessments of language , behavior , and autism symptomatology . There were no significant differences in the mean scores on any measure of language , behavior , or autism symptom severity after treatment with secretin compared to treatment with placebo . The results of this study do not support secretin as a treatment for autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1006
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11759",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous synthetic human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11760",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous infusion of synthetic human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11761",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"2 IU/kg of intravenous synthetic human secretin"
],
"offsets": [
[
397,
444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11762",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"intravenous saline placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11763",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"language"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11764",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11765",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"assessments of language , behavior , and autism symptomatology"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11766",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mean scores on any measure of language , behavior , or autism symptom severity"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
861
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11767",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11768",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11769",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11770",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
253,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11771",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11772",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11773 | 12559222 | [
{
"id": "11774",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intravenous levosimendan treatment is cost-effective compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure : an analysis based on the international LIDO trial . BACKGROUND Levosimendan , a novel calcium sensitiser , improves cardiac performance and symptoms without increasing oxygen consumption , and decreases the mortality of patients with low-output heart failure . AIMS To estimate the cost-effectiveness of intravenous treatment with levosimendan compared with dobutamine in patients with severe low-output heart failure . METHODS This economic evaluation was based on a European clinical trial ( LIDO ) , in which 203 patients with severe heart failure randomly received a 24 h infusion with either levosimendan or dobutamine . Survival and resource utilisation data were collected for 6 months ; survival was extrapolated assuming a mean additional lifetime of 3 years based on data from the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study trial . Costs were based on study drug usage and hospitalisation in the 6-month follow-up . A sensitivity analysis on dosage of drug and duration of survival was performed . RESULTS The mean survival over 6 months was 157+/-52 days in the levosimendan group and 139+/-64 days in the dobutamine group ( P < 0.01 ) . When extrapolated up to 3 years , the gain in life expectancy was estimated at 0.35 years ( discounted at 3 % ) . Levosimendan increased the mean cost per patient by 1108 , which was entirely due to the cost of the study drug . The incremental cost per life-year saved ( LYS ) was 3205 at the European level ; in the individual countries the cost per LYS ranged between 3091 and 3331 . The result was robust in the sensitivity analysis . CONCLUSIONS Although the patients in the levosimendan group were alive for more days and thus at risk of hospitalisation for longer , there was no increase in hospitalisation or hospitalisation costs with levosimendan treatment . The cost per LYS using levosimendan compares favourably with other cost-effectiveness analyses in cardiology ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2055
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11775",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11776",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11777",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11778",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11779",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11780",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11781",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11782",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11783",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dobutamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11784",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
178,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11785",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11786",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levosimendan"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11787",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dosage of drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11788",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"duration of survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11789",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mean survival over 6 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11790",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"gain in life expectancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1315,
1338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11791",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean cost per patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11792",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"incremental cost per life-year"
],
"offsets": [
[
1509,
1539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11793",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"risk of hospitalisation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1812,
1835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11794",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"hospitalisation or hospitalisation costs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1874,
1914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11795",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-effectiveness analyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
2012,
2039
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11796",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe low-output heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
81,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11797",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"203"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11798 | 12564610 | [
{
"id": "11799",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-term use of Viozan ( sibenadet HCl ) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : results of a 1-year study . Viozan ( sibenadet HCl , AR-C68397AA ) is a novel dual D2 dopamine receptor , beta2-adrenoceptor agonist that has been investigated for efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . The slowly progressive nature of this disease means that patients will require ongoing therapeutic management for many years , or even decades . With such long-term treatment , the safety profile of new agents will be of paramount importance . As part of the large-scale assessment of sibenadet , a 12-month safety study has been conducted . Following completion of a 2-week baseline period , 435 adults with stable , symptomatic , smoking-related COPD were randomized to receive either 500 microg sibenadet or placebo delivered via pressurized metered dose inhaler ( pMDI ) , three times daily for 52 weeks . Sibenadet therapy was generally well tolerated , with the only notable differences seen in the incidence of tremor and taste of treatment ( 16.9 % vs. 4.1 % and 14.5 % vs. 4.1 % in the sibenadet and placebo groups respectively ) . There were a total of 79 patients with serious adverse events ( SAEs ) , 43 ( 14.8 % ) in the sibenadet pMDI group and 36 ( 24.8 % ) in the placebo group . No clinically significant abnormal laboratory values or overall differences between treatment groups were noted . Similarly , there were no clinically significant differences between the two treatment groups for cardiac variables , or in vital signs . The secondary variables showed no notable differences with respect to lung function , exacerbations or health-related quality of life . Due to the effective beta2-agonist properties , patients in the sibenadet group did , however , report reduced rescue medication usage at all timepoints . While the results of this study show that , overall , sibenadet therapy was well tolerated , the lack of sustained benefit reported in large-scale clinical efficacy studies means that sibenadet development will not be continued ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2121
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11800",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viozan ( sibenadet HCl )"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11801",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Viozan"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11802",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibenadet HCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11803",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AR-C68397AA"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11804",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibenadet"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11805",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"500 microg sibenadet"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11806",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11807",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Sibenadet"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
971
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11808",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11809",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11810",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
994,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11811",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"notable differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1025,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of tremor and taste of treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1057,
1099
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11813",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"serious adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11814",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinically significant abnormal laboratory values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1352,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11815",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"overall differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1405,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11816",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"no clinically significant differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1486,
1523
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11817",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac variables , or in vital signs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1561,
1598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11818",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"no notable differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1632,
1654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11819",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lung function"
],
"offsets": [
[
1671,
1684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11820",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"exacerbations or health-related quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
1687,
1734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11821",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reduced rescue medication usage at all timepoints"
],
"offsets": [
[
1840,
1889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11822",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
994,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11823",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lack of sustained benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1989,
2014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11824",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"large-scale clinical efficacy studies"
],
"offsets": [
[
2027,
2064
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11825",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11826",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"435"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11827",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11828",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stable , symptomatic , smoking-related COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11829",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"79"
],
"offsets": [
[
1215,
1217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11830",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"serious adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1232,
1254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11831",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"SAEs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1257,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11832",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"43"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11833",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sibenadet pMDI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1287,
1301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11834",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11835",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
870
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11836 | 12564611 | [
{
"id": "11837",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Utilization of health care services by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . In order to identify healthcare resource use patterns associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , resource utilization ( RU ) data collection was integrated into a randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study of Viozan ( sibenadet HCl ) . This study enrolled patients with symptomatic , smoking-related COPD , randomized to receive sibenadet or placebo for a 52-week treatment period . A questionnaire establishing typical pre-trial , COPD-related RU was completed by each patient . Subsequent data were collected by means of an Interactive Voice Response System ( IVRS ) at 30-day intervals ( 14 time points ) during the study and in the follow-up period . The IVRS system facilitated data collection and minimized inconvenience to the patient . Compliance with the requirement to record details of the healthcare services during the year-long study was high . No overall trend for lower RU was associated with sibenadet therapy , which correlates with the lack of sustained clinical effect seen in studies conducted concurrently . These data do , however , provide valuable information on RU associated with COPD and insights into adjustments associated with changes in disease course . Physicians were seen to be the most common source of care for patients with COPD and more of the patients with severe COPD ( stage III ) than mild ( stage I ) were seen to utilize the most expensive resources ( e.g . inpatient hospital care ) . For those patients who experienced an exacerbation during the trial ( irrespective of treatment group ) , resource use was increased during the periods when an exacerbation was reported when compared with the periods before or after an exacerbation . The proportion of cases attending the physician doubled and with a trip to the Emergency Room ( ER ) increased approximately ninefold during the reporting period in which the exacerbation occurred compared with the previous month . This study has shown that use of an IVRS , even in elderly patients , is an effective means of gathering RU data over long periods . The study findings suggest that the advent of effective therapeutic interventions , particularly any with the ability to minimize exacerbations and limit disease progression , could impact on the health care services used and potentially reduce associated costs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2433
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11838",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11839",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sibenadet"
],
"offsets": [
[
341,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11840",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
304,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11841",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Interactive Voice Response System"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11842",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"healthcare resource use patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11843",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"questionnaire establishing typical pre-trial , COPD-related RU"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11844",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Interactive Voice Response System ( IVRS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
691
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11845",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"RU"
],
"offsets": [
[
235,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11846",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"inpatient hospital care"
],
"offsets": [
[
1526,
1549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11847",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"resource use"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11848",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"proportion of cases attending the physician doubled and with a trip to the Emergency Room ( ER )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1809,
1905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11849",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11850",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11851",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11852",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic , smoking-related COPD"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11853",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe COPD ( stage III )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1420,
1445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11854",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild ( stage I )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1451,
1467
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11855",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"elderly"
],
"offsets": [
[
2088,
2095
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11856 | 12567169 | [
{
"id": "11857",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Topical imiquimod 5 % cream as an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts in different patient populations . BACKGROUND Genital infection with human papillomavirus , the cause of genital warts , is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases . GOAL The aim of this analysis was to determine whether patients ' demographic variables affect the efficacy of imiquimod 5 % cream versus vehicle cream for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts . STUDY DESIGN Male and female immunocompetent patients applied imiquimod 5 % cream topically to external genital warts 3 times a week until wart clearance or for up to 16 weeks . RESULTS As previously published , the intent-to-treat ( ITT ) clearance rate was 50 % ( 54/109 ) in the imiquimod-treated group and 11 % ( 11/100 ) in the vehicle-treated group ( P < 0.0001 ) . The ITT clearance rate in the imiquimod-treated group was higher in females ( 72 % ) than in males ( 33 % ) . We have examined the clearance rates for subgroups based on variables of gender , baseline wart area , duration of current outbreak of warts , previous wart treatment , and tobacco use . For each of these subgroups , imiquimod was statistically more effective than vehicle in eradicating external genital and perianal warts . CONCLUSION Imiquimod 5 % cream is an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts and provides a significant benefit in comparison with vehicle cream , independent of gender , initial wart size , duration of current outbreak of warts , previous wart treatment , or tobacco use ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1585
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11858",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod 5 % cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11859",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod 5 % cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11860",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11861",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod 5 % cream topically"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
575
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11862",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11863",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11864",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11865",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"imiquimod"
],
"offsets": [
[
8,
17
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11866",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11867",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Imiquimod 5 % cream"
],
"offsets": [
[
1303,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11868",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"vehicle"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11869",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"genital and perianal"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11870",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intent-to-treat ( ITT ) clearance rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
738
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11871",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ITT clearance rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
878
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11872",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"variables of gender , baseline wart area , duration of current outbreak of warts , previous wart treatment , and tobacco use"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11873",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11874",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"eradicating external genital and perianal warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11875",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"external genital and perianal warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11876",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"wart treatment , or tobacco use"
],
"offsets": [
[
1552,
1583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11877",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"external genital and perianal warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11878",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"external genital and perianal warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11879",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Male"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11880",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11881",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"immunocompetent"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
528
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11882",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"wart"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11883",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11884",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"genital and perianal warts"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11885 | 12568856 | [
{
"id": "11886",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Carbon dioxide versus normal saline as a uterine distension medium for diagnostic vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in infertile patients : a prospective , randomized , multicenter study . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the satisfaction rate , efficacy , and complication rate of carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) ) versus normal saline as a uterine distension medium for outpatient diagnostic vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in infertile patients . DESIGN Prospective , randomized multicenter study . SETTING Hysteroscopy units in two university hospitals and in a private center . PATIENT ( S ) One hundred eighty-nine infertile women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy . INTERVENTION ( S ) Outpatient hysteroscopy was performed with CO ( 2 ) ( group A ) or normal saline ( group B ) and with endometrial biopsy when indicated . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) Quality of the visualization of the uterine cavity , procedure time , complications , patient discomfort , and satisfaction rate . RESULT ( S ) Significantly lower abdominal and shoulder tip pain and a lower incidence of vasovagal reactions were observed in group B in comparison with group A . A higher satisfaction rate and a lower operative time were obtained in the normal saline group in comparison with the CO ( 2 ) group . Moreover , group A required significantly more analgesics after the procedure than group B . CONCLUSION ( S ) Uterine distension with normal saline seems to have less adverse effects and is better tolerated by patients . Moreover , it allows operative procedures to be performed with the new bipolar instruments ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1570
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11887",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Carbon dioxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11888",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11889",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) )"
],
"offsets": [
[
263,
290
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11890",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11891",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CO ( 2 ) ( group A )"
],
"offsets": [
[
705,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11892",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"normal saline ( group B )"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11893",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"endometrial biopsy"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11894",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CO ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
280,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11895",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11896",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
227,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11897",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complication rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11898",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Quality of the visualization of the uterine cavity"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11899",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"procedure time"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11900",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11901",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"patient discomfort"
],
"offsets": [
[
913,
931
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11902",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11903",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"abdominal and shoulder tip pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
991,
1022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11904",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vasovagal reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1048,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11905",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"higher satisfaction rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11906",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"lower operative time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1155,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11907",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infertile"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11908",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred eighty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11909",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infertile"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11910",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
600,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11911 | 12569977 | [
{
"id": "11912",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Liposome-entrapped D. pteronyssinus vaccination in mild asthma patients : effect of 1-year double-blind , placebo-controlled trial on inflammation , bronchial hyperresponsiveness and immediate and late bronchial responses to the allergen . BACKGROUND Allergen vaccination is effective in mite-allergic asthma . Liposomes are immunological adjuvants that can act as allergen carriers . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunological and functional effects of a liposome-entrapped D. pteronyssinus vaccine on mite monosensitive , mild asthma patients . METHODS A double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 26 asthma patients who randomly received vaccination or placebo for 1 year . The levels of exposure to Der p 1 allergen were constant during the study . Allergen bronchial challenge was made at the beginning ( T0 ) and after 1 year of treatment ( T12 ) . The day before and 24 h after the allergen provocation , patients were challenged with methacholine ( Mth ) ( until FEV1 fell by 40 % ) and blood and sputum samples were obtained . Dose-response curves to Mth were evaluated in terms of Mth-PD20 ( dose of Mth that induced 20 % drop in FEV1 ) , slope ( Mth-DRS ) and level of plateau . Blood and sputum eosinophils and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) were measured . RESULTS Groups were comparable at the start of the trial . At TI2 , previous to the allergen challenge , the active group showed higher values of both FEV1 and Mth-PD20 and lower values of Mth-DRS . The number of patients presenting a level of plateau increased in the active group ( from two to four ) and decreased in the placebo group ( from two to one ) . At T12 , before the allergen challenge , serum ECP levels increased in the placebo group and blood eosinophils showed a trend towards lower numbers in the active one . The immediate response and the changes in Mth-DRS values , sputum eosinophils and serum ECP levels following the allergen challenge were attenuated in the active group . CONCLUSION Liposome-entrapped D. Pteronyssinus vaccination : ( i ) protects mild asthma patients from the worsening of asthma due to sustained mite exposure ; and ( ii ) reduces the functional and inflammatory changes induced by allergen bronchial provocation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2310
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11913",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Liposome-entrapped D. pteronyssinus vaccination"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11914",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11915",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"liposome-entrapped D. pteronyssinus vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11916",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11917",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methacholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
953,
965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11918",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood and sputum eosinophils and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11919",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1334
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11920",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"FEV1 and Mth-PD20"
],
"offsets": [
[
1502,
1519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11921",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Mth-DRS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1168,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11922",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of patients presenting a level of plateau"
],
"offsets": [
[
1554,
1602
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11923",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum ECP levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1752,
1768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11924",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mth-DRS values , sputum eosinophils and serum ECP levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1921,
1977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11925",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild asthma patients :"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11926",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mite monosensitive , mild asthma patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
500,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11927",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild asthma patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11928 | 12575712 | [
{
"id": "11929",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The results of a randomized study on the use of long-acting octreotide in hepatocellular carcinoma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
100
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11930",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"octreotide"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11931",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hepatocellular carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11932 | 12576246 | [
{
"id": "11933",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Low-dose mifepristone for uterine leiomyomata . OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of 5 and 10 mg of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma size and symptoms , and to measure side effects . METHODS Forty premenopausal women with large , symptomatic leiomyomata were randomized to receive either 5 or 10 mg of mifepristone daily for 6 months in an open-label study . Uterine volume was measured at bimonthly intervals by sonography . Serum concentrations of hemoglobin levels , follicle-stimulating hormone , and liver enzymes were obtained , and endometrial samples , symptoms , and menstrual bleeding were also assessed . RESULTS Nineteen of 20 subjects taking 5 mg and all 20 subjects taking 10 mg completed all 6 months of the study . Mean uterine volume shrank by 48 % ( P < .001 ) in the 5-mg group and 49 % ( P < .001 ) in the 10-mg group , a nonsignificant difference . Leiomyoma-related symptoms were comparably reduced in both groups . Amenorrhea occurred in 60-65 % of both groups . Hemoglobin levels increased by 2.5 g/dL in anemic subjects . The incidence of hot flashes increased significantly over baseline in the 10-mg group but not in the 5-mg group . Simple endometrial hyperplasia occurred in 28 % of all subjects , with no difference between groups . No atypical hyperplasia was noted . CONCLUSION Mifepristone in doses of 5 mg or 10 mg results in comparable leiomyoma regression , improvement in symptoms , and few side effects . Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of low-dose mifepristone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1536
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11934",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mifepristone"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mifepristone"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11936",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"receive either 5 or 10 mg of mifepristone daily for 6 months in an open-label study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
272,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11937",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Mifepristone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1309,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11938",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mifepristone"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11939",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"uterine leiomyoma size and symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11940",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean uterine volume shrank"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11941",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Leiomyoma-related symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11942",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Amenorrhea"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11943",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hemoglobin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
985,
1002
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11944",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hot flashes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1074
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11945",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Simple endometrial hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11946",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"atypical hyperplasia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1265,
1285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11947",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"leiomyoma regression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1370,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11948",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvement in symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1393,
1416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11949",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"few side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1423,
1439
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11950 | 12576957 | [
{
"id": "11951",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enteral nutrition with eicosapentaenoic acid , gamma-linolenic acid , and antioxidants reduces alveolar inflammatory mediators and protein influx in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome . OBJECTIVE Previously , we showed that acute respiratory distress syndrome patients fed an enteral diet containing eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid and elevated antioxidants ( EPA+GLA ; Oxepa ) had significantly reduced pulmonary inflammation , increased oxygenation , and improved clinical outcomes . In a subset of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients from this trial , we performed a preliminary examination of the potential mechanisms underlying these clinical improvements by retrospectively testing the hypothesis that enteral feeding with EPA+GLA could reduce alveolar-capillary membrane protein permeability and the production of interleukin ( IL ) -8 , IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and leukotriene B4 that are responsible , in part , for pulmonary inflammation . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial . SETTING Intensive Care Unit of the Ohio State University Medical Center . PATIENTS A total of 67 patients were enrolled who met defined criteria for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome . INTERVENTIONS A total of 43 of 67 evaluable patients randomly received either EPA+GLA or an isonitrogenous , isocaloric standard diet that was tube fed at a minimum caloric delivery of 75 % of basal energy expenditure times 1.33 for at least 4 to 7 days . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) was performed at baseline and study days 4 and 7 to obtain BAL fluid ( BALF ) for measurement of total protein , ceruloplasmin , and transferrin , total neutrophil count , IL-8 , IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and leukotriene B4 . Oxygenation , measured as Pao2/Fio2 , was assessed before BAL . Patients fed EPA+GLA had a significant reduction in BALF ceruloplasmin and IL-8 during the study as compared with patients fed the control diet . BALF levels of total protein , neutrophils , and leukotriene B4 tended to decrease in EPA+GLA patients over the course of the study as compared with control patients . BALF levels of IL-6 declined similarly during the study in both groups . A trend toward a reduction in BALF tumor necrosis factor-alpha was observed on study day 7 in the EPA+GLA group as compared with control patients . Significant improvements in oxygenation ( Pao2/Fio2 ) occurred in EPA+GLA patients on study day 4 as compared with controls . Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between BALF neutrophil counts and indices of alveolar-capillary membrane protein permeability , IL-8 , and leukotriene B4 . CONCLUSIONS This preliminary investigation showing a decrease in BALF levels of IL-8 and leukotriene B4 and the associated reduction of BALF neutrophils and alveolar membrane protein permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients fed EPA+GLA support , in part , the potential mechanisms underlying the previously described clinical improvements with this diet . Additional controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3188
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11952",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eicosapentaenoic acid , gamma-linolenic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11953",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11954",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"eicosapentaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11955",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gamma-linolenic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11956",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antioxidants"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11957",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isonitrogenous"
],
"offsets": [
[
1376,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11958",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"EPA+GLA"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11959",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1570,
1600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11960",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total protein"
],
"offsets": [
[
1698,
1711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11961",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ceruloplasmin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1714,
1727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11962",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"transferrin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1734,
1745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11963",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total neutrophil count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1748,
1770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-8"
],
"offsets": [
[
1773,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11965",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11966",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukotriene B4"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11967",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Oxygenation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1838,
1849
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11968",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BALF ceruloplasmin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1954,
1972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11969",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-8"
],
"offsets": [
[
1773,
1777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11970",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total protein"
],
"offsets": [
[
1698,
1711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11971",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutrophils"
],
"offsets": [
[
2079,
2090
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11972",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukotriene B4"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11973",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-6"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
888
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11974",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor necrosis factor-alpha"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11975",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oxygenation"
],
"offsets": [
[
469,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11976",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neutrophil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1754,
1764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11977",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukotriene"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11978",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11979",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute respiratory distress syndrome patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11980",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute respiratory distress syndrome patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
283
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
11981 | 12579266 | [
{
"id": "11982",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and its prognostic implications . The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 ( Skp2 ) positively regulates the G1-S transition by controlling the stability of several G1 regulators , such as the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 . However , the clinical significance of Skp2 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma ( LSCC ) remains unknown . In this study , a potential distribution of Skp2 in LSCC and its clinical implications was investigated by an immunohistochemical study . Overall , Skp2 overexpression was observed in 36.7 % ( 37 of 102 ) patients and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis ( p=0.002 ) and was inversely associated with p27kip1 expression ( p=0.026 ) . Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that Skp2 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival ( p=0.0051 and p=0.0002 , respectively ) . When Skp2 expression and p27kip1 expression were combined , patients with both Skp2 overexpression and reduced expression of p27kip1 revealed poorest disease-free and overall survival as compared to the other cases ( p=0.0017 and p < 0.0001 , respectively ) . Additionally , in early stage ( I , II ) cases , Skp2 expression was also revealed to possess a significant prognostic factor in overall survival ( p=0.0234 ) , but not in disease-free survival ( p=0.2055 ) . By multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model , tumor grade , tumor size , clinical stage and Skp2 expression were independent prognostic factors both in disease-free and overall survival . These findings indicated that Skp2 expression was closely associated with tumor progression and represented an independent marker for prognosis of LSCC ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1828
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "11983",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"S-phase kinase-associated protein"
],
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[
0,
33
]
],
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},
{
"id": "11984",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"S-phase kinase-associated protein"
],
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[
0,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11985",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Skp2"
],
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[
175,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11986",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"immunohistochemical study"
],
"offsets": [
[
554,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11987",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11988",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skp2 overexpression"
],
"offsets": [
[
592,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11989",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Survival analysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
797,
814
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11990",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"disease-free and overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
919,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11991",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skp2 expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1001,
1016
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11992",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"p27kip1 expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11993",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"expression of p27kip1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1107,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11994",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"poorest disease-free"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11995",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
936,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11996",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival ( p=0.0234 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1385,
1414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11997",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"disease-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1428,
1449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11998",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proportional hazards model , tumor grade , tumor size , clinical stage and Skp2 expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1504,
1594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11999",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"disease-free and overall survival ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1639,
1674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12000",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skp2 expression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1001,
1016
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12001",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12002",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"LSCC"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12003",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"37"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12004",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"102"
],
"offsets": [
[
643,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12005 | 12585724 | [
{
"id": "12006",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Double-blind , placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders . L-Carnosine , a dipeptide , can enhance frontal lobe function or be neuroprotective . It can also correlate with gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) -homocarnosine interaction , with possible anticonvulsive effects . We investigated 31 children with autistic spectrum disorders in an 8-week , double-blinded study to determine if 800 mg L-carnosine daily would result in observable changes versus placebo . Outcome measures were the Childhood Autism Rating Scale , the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale , the Expressive and Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary tests , and Clinical Global Impressions of Change . Children on placebo did not show statistically significant changes . After 8 weeks on L-carnosine , children showed statistically significant improvements on the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale ( total score and the Behavior , Socialization , and Communication subscales ) and the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary test ( all P < .05 ) . Improved trends were noted on other outcome measures . Although the mechanism of action of L-carnosine is not well understood , it may enhance neurologic function , perhaps in the enterorhinal or temporal cortex ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1274
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12007",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12008",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-carnosine supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12009",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-Carnosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12010",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dipeptide"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12011",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-carnosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12012",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12013",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12014",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-carnosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12015",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"L-carnosine"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Childhood Autism Rating Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12017",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
", the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale , the Expressive and Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary tests , and Clinical Global Impressions of Change"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12018",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Gilliam Autism Rating Scale ( total score and the Behavior , Socialization , and Communication subscales ) and the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary test"
],
"offsets": [
[
885,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12019",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12020",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic spectrum disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12021",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"31"
],
"offsets": [
[
348,
350
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12022 | 12585821 | [
{
"id": "12023",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The development and evaluation of a computer-based program to test and to teach the recognition of facial affect . Autism is a chronic pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the early onset of social and communicative impairments as well as restricted , ritualized , stereotypic behavior . The endophenotype of autism includes neuropsychological deficits , for instance a lack of \" Theory of Mind \" and problems recognizing facial affect . In this study , we report the development and evaluation of a computer-based program to teach and test the ability to identify basic facially expressed emotions . 10 adolescent or adult subjects with high-functioning autism or Asperger-syndrome were included in the investigation . A priori the facial affect recognition test had shown good psychometric properties in a normative sample ( internal consistency : rtt=.91-.95 ; retest reliability : rtt=.89-.92 ) . In a prepost design , one half of the sample was randomly assigned to receive computer treatment while the other half of the sample served as control group . The training was conducted for five weeks , consisting of two hours training a week . The trained individuals improved significantly on the affect recognition task , but not on any other measure . Results support the usefulness of the program to teach the detection of facial affect . However , the improvement found is limited to a circumscribed area of social-communicative function and generalization is not ensured ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1497
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12024",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"computer-based program"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12025",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"computer-based program"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12026",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"computer treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1015
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12027",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"facial affect ."
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12028",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"basic facially expressed emotions"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12029",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"affect recognition task"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1240
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12030",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"teach the detection of facial affect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1323,
1359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12031",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12032",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
621
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12033",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adolescent"
],
"offsets": [
[
622,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12034",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12035",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-functioning autism or Asperger-syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
656,
700
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12036 | 12590404 | [
{
"id": "12037",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine as effective as clomipramine against symptoms of severe depression : results from a multicentre , double-blind study . BACKGROUND Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) are better tolerated than tricyclic antidepressants , their efficacy in severe depression remains to be further elucidated . METHOD A double-blind , multicentre study was conducted in 86 severely depressed inpatients ( > or= 25 on the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale [ HAMD ] total score ) to compare the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine with that of clomipramine . Following placebo run-in , 86 patients were randomised to receive fluvoxamine or clomipramine ( 100-250 mg/day ) for 8 weeks . RESULTS Fluvoxamine and clomipramine both resulted in marked improvements ; there were no statistically significant differences between them on the 17-item HAMD total score , the clinical global impression severity of illness or global improvement items or the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale , at any visit . At the end of the study , 71 % in the fluvoxamine group and 69 % in the clomipramine group were responders ( > or= 50 % decrease in 17-item HAMD total score ) . However , fluvoxamine was better tolerated than clomipramine . Clomipramine was associated with a higher incidence of overall and treatment-related adverse events . In addition , the percentage of patients discontinued prematurely due to adverse events was more than twice as high with clomipramine than with fluvoxamine ( 24 % vs 11 % ) . CONCLUSION Fluvoxamine and clomipramine are equally effective in severe depression , but fluvoxamine has a better safety and tolerability profile ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1673
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12039",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12040",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12041",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clomipramine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12042",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
595
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12043",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluvoxamine or clomipramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
644,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12044",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"severe depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12045",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12046",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"17-item Hamilton depression rating scale [ HAMD ] total score )"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12047",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12048",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12049",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvements"
],
"offsets": [
[
766,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12050",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"17-item HAMD total score"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12051",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"clinical global impression severity of illness"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
930
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12052",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"global improvement items or the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
934,
1007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12053",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"17-item HAMD total score )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1157,
1183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12054",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12055",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12056",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"discontinued prematurely"
],
"offsets": [
[
1392,
1416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12057",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12058",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
528,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12059",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1651,
1663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12060",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12061",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"86"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12062",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12063",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"86"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
387
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12064 | 12591004 | [
{
"id": "12065",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Bioavailability of omega-3 essential fatty acids from perilla seed oil . Increased dietary intake of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids , eicosapentanoic acid and docosohexanoic acid , and their precursor , alpha-linolenic acid ( ALA ) , is associated with various health benefits . Enteric-coating ( Entrox ) , which improves stability of omega-3 capsules , has been shown to facilitate fish oil absorption after chronic treatment . To assess the effect of Entrox coating on the short-term bioavailability of ALA administered in the form of ALA-rich Perilla seed oil , 12 healthy subjects ( 6 males and 6 females ) received in a random order Entrox-coated and non-coated ALA formulations , each as a single 6g dose separated by a 3-week washout period . Measurements of plasma ALA concentrations from 0 to 24h showed no difference in ALA pharmacokinetics between the two formulations . However , significantly greater increases in plasma ALA levels from baseline to 24h were observed after ingestion of Entrox vs. non-coated product , suggesting a possible benefit of Entrox with long-term treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1096
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12066",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"omega-3 essential fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12067",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"perilla seed oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12068",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish oil omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12069",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"alpha-linolenic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
201,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12070",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ALA"
],
"offsets": [
[
224,
227
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12071",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Entrox-coated and non-coated ALA formulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12072",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12073",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"plasma ALA concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12074",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma ALA levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
926,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12075",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"omega-3 essential fatty acids from perilla seed oil ."
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12076",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"12 healthy subjects ( 6 males and 6 females )"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
609
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12077 | 12599844 | [
{
"id": "12078",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus in the LIFE-study ] . INTRODUCTION The most suitable antihypertensive drug to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes is unclear . In a prespecified analysis of the LIFE-study we compared the effects of losartan and atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1195 patients in the LIFE-study had diabetes at the time of the randomisation . The patients were randomised for double-blind treatment with losartan versus atenolol . The patients had ECG-verified left ventricular hypertrophy , mean age 67 years , blood pressure 177/96 mmHg after two weeks placebo run-in period . Patients were followed for at least four years ( mean 4.7 years ) . The primary composite endpoint was cardiovascular death , stroke or myocardial infarction . RESULTS Blood pressure was reduced to 146/79 and 148/79 in losartan-treated patients and atenolol-treated patients , respectively . The primary endpoint occurred in 103 patients assigned losartan ( n = 586 ) and 139 assigned atenolol ( n = 609 ) . Relative risk reduction 24 % ( p < 0.031 ) . Cardiovascular mortality was reduced by 37 % in favour of losartan ( p < 0.028 ) , and all cause mortality by 39 % ( p < 0.002 ) . DISCUSSION Losartan was very effective in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as compared to atenolol . These results will have a major impact on the choice of anti-hypertensive treatment for patients with hypertension and diabetes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1630
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12081",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12082",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12083",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12084",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12085",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12086",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1020,
1036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12087",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12088",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12089",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12090",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12091",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
1396,
1404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12092",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12093",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12094",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12095",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12096",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12097",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"cardiovascular death"
],
"offsets": [
[
904,
924
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12098",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", stroke or myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
958
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12099",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12100",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Relative risk reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1209,
1232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12101",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Cardiovascular mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
1254,
1278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12102",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12103",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12104",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12105",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"diabetes mellitus"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12106",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1195"
],
"offsets": [
[
485,
489
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12107",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"67"
],
"offsets": [
[
723,
725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12108",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
255,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12109 | 12602669 | [
{
"id": "12110",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized controlled trial evaluating the clinical benefit of montelukast for treating spring seasonal allergic rhinitis . BACKGROUND Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are mediated in part by cysteinyl leukotrienes . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical benefit of montelukast , a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist , administered once daily for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis . METHODS This multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo- and active-controlled study enrolled 1,214 healthy , nonsmoking outpatients aged 15 to 85 years with spring allergic rhinitis , positive skin test to a spring allergen , and predefined daytime nasal symptoms . After a 3- to 5-day placebo run-in period , patients were randomly assigned to treatment with montelukast 10 mg ( n = 522 ) , loratadine 10 mg ( n = 171 ) , or placebo ( n = 521 ) once daily at bedtime for 2 weeks . During the run-in and treatment periods , symptoms were evaluated in a daily diary using a 0 ( best ) to 3 ( worst ) scale . RESULTS Baseline characteristics of randomized patients were clinically similar in the three treatment groups . Montelukast was significantly more effective than placebo ( P = 0.003 ) in improving the daytime nasal symptoms score ( difference in least square means , -0.09 ; 95 % confidence interval , -0.16 , -0.03 ) averaged over 2 weeks of therapy . The treatment effect of montelukast was significantly greater ( P < 0.05 ) , relative to placebo , for all secondary endpoints , including nighttime symptoms and daytime eye symptoms , patient and physician global evaluations of allergic rhinitis , and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life . Loratadine , which served as a positive control , was significantly more effective than placebo for most endpoints , validating the study results . Both montelukast and loratadine were well tolerated . CONCLUSION Therapy with montelukast significantly improves assessments of symptom severity as well as quality-of-life parameters for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2022
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12111",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12113",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
449
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12114",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12115",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12116",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12117",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12118",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12119",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
448
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12120",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12121",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12122",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12123",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"loratadine"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12124",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"montelukast"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12125",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spring seasonal allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"seasonal allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12127",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12128",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"daytime nasal symptoms score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1202,
1230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12129",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nighttime symptoms and daytime eye symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12130",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"patient and physician global evaluations of allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1539,
1600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12131",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
1607,
1642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12132",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1830,
1844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12133",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptom severity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1921,
1937
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12134",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quality-of-life parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1949,
1975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12135",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"enrolled 1,214 healthy , nonsmoking outpatients aged 15 to 85 years with spring allergic rhinitis , positive skin test to a spring allergen , and predefined daytime nasal symptoms ."
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
659
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12136 | 12604982 | [
{
"id": "12137",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of oral Lactobacillus GG on enteric microflora in low-birth-weight neonates . BACKGROUND Colonization patterns , especially by anaerobic flora , may play an important role in neonatal gut function . Probiotics could affect disease risk either directly through colonization or indirectly by promoting changes in gut microbial ecology . METHODS To study the ability of Lactobacillus GG ( LGG ) to colonize the neonatal gut and modify its microbial ecology , a prospective , randomized study was performed in 71 preterm infants of less than 2000 g birth weight . Infants less than 1500 g ( 24 treated , 15 control ) received 10 ( 9 ) LGG orally twice daily for 21 days . Those infants weighing 1500 to 1999 g ( 23 treated , 9 control ) were treated for 8 days . Stools were collected before treatment and on day 7 to 8 ( and day 14 and 21 , in the infants weighing less than 1500 g ) for quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures . RESULTS Colonization with LGG occurred in 5 of 24 ( 21 % ) infants who weighed less than 1500 g versus 11 of 23 ( 47 % ) in larger infants . Colonization was limited to infants who were not on antibiotics within 7 days of treatment with LGG . There was a paucity of bacterial species at baseline , although larger infants had more bacterial species ( 1.59 +/- 0.13 ( SEM ) vs 1.11 +/- 0.12 ; P < 0.03 ) and higher mean log colony forming units ( CFU ) ( 8.79 +/- 0.43 vs 7.22 +/- 0.63 ; P < 0.05 ) compared with infants weighing less than 1500 g LGG . Treatment in infants weighing less than 1500 g resulted in a significant increase in species number by day 7 , with further increases by day 21 . This increase was mainly the result of increased Gram ( + ) and anaerobic species . No difference in species number was noted in controls . Mean log CFU of Gram ( - ) bacteria did not change in treated infants weighing less than 1500 g. However , Gram ( + ) mean log CFU showed a significant increase on day 21 ( 6.1 +/- 0.9 ) compared with day 0 ( 3.5 +/- 0.9 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant changes in species number or quantitative counts were noted after LGG treatment in the infants weighing 1500 to 1999 g LGG was well tolerated in all infants . CONCLUSION The neonatal response to a probiotic preparation is dependent on gestational and post-natal age and prior antibiotic exposure . Although LGG is a relatively poor colonizer in infants , especially those infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth , it does appear to affect neonatal intestinal colonization patterns ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2515
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12138",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral Lactobacillus GG"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12139",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lactobacillus GG ( LGG )"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12140",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"LGG"
],
"offsets": [
[
394,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12141",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1132,
1143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12142",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"enteric microflora"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12143",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disease risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12144",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"colonize the neonatal gut and modify its microbial ecology"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12145",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12146",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Colonization with LGG occurred"
],
"offsets": [
[
947,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12147",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Colonization"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bacterial species"
],
"offsets": [
[
1205,
1222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12149",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean log colony forming units ( CFU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12150",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increase in species number by day 7 , with further increases by day 21 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1564,
1636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12151",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increased Gram ( + ) and anaerobic species"
],
"offsets": [
[
1676,
1718
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12152",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"species number"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12153",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean log CFU of Gram ( - ) bacteria"
],
"offsets": [
[
1777,
1812
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12154",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Gram ( + ) mean log CFU"
],
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1907
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12155",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"species number or quantitative counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
2041,
2078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12156",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"LGG was well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2149,
2171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12157",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neonatal response to a probiotic preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
2204,
2248
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12158",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neonatal intestinal colonization patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
2472,
2513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12159",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"enteric microflora in low-birth-weight neonates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12160",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Infants less than 1500 g"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12161",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infants weighing less than 1500 g"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12162 | 12612897 | [
{
"id": "12163",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Gastrointestinal safety of NO-aspirin ( NCX-4016 ) in healthy human volunteers : a proof of concept endoscopic study . BACKGROUND AND AIMS NCX-4016 is a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of aspirin with antiplatelet activity . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NCX-4016 on gastrointestinal mucosa and platelet functions in healthy human volunteers . METHODS This was a parallel-group , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . Forty healthy subjects were randomly allocated to receive 7 days of treatment with NCX-4016 ( 400 and 800 mg twice daily ) , equimolar doses of aspirin ( 200 and 420 mg twice daily ) , or placebo . Upper endoscopies were performed before and at the end of the treatment period , and gastroduodenal lesions were graded using a predefined scoring system . Basal and posttreatment platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid ( AA ) and serum thromboxane ( TX ) B ( 2 ) and AA-stimulated platelet TXB ( 2 ) production were investigated . RESULTS Mucosal endoscopic injury score on day 7 was 0.63 +/- 0.16 in the placebo group and 11.0 +/- 3.0 and 16.1 +/- 1.6 in healthy volunteers treated with 200 and 420 mg aspirin twice daily ( P < 0.0001 vs. placebo ) . NCX-4016 was virtually devoid of gastric and duodenal toxicity , resulting in a total gastric and duodenal endoscopic score of 1.38 +/- 0.3 and 1.25 +/- 0.5 ( P < 0.0001 vs. aspirin , not significant vs. placebo ) . NCX-4016 inhibited AA-induced platelet aggregation as well as serum TXB ( 2 ) and platelet TXB ( 2 ) generation induced by AA to the same extent as aspirin ( not significant vs. aspirin ) . CONCLUSIONS In this study , we have proven the concept that addition of an NO-donating moiety to aspirin results in a new chemical entity that maintains cyclooxygenase-1 and platelet inhibitory activity while nearly avoiding gastrointestinal damage ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1869
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NO-aspirin ( NCX-4016 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12165",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NCX-4016"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12166",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NCX-4016"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12167",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NCX-4016 ( 400 and 800 mg twice daily )"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
571
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"equimolar doses of aspirin ( 200 and 420 mg twice daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
574,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12169",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12170",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12171",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Gastrointestinal safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12172",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiplatelet activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
203,
224
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12173",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet functions"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastroduodenal lesions"
],
"offsets": [
[
732,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12175",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"predefined scoring system"
],
"offsets": [
[
775,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12176",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Basal and posttreatment platelet aggregation"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
847
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12177",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mucosal endoscopic injury score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1000,
1031
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12178",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"gastric and duodenal toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12179",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AA-induced platelet aggregation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12180",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum TXB ( 2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1491,
1506
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12181",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelet TXB ( 2 ) generation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1511,
1540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12182",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gastrointestinal damage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1844,
1867
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12183",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy human"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12184",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy human"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
67
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12185",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Forty"
],
"offsets": [
[
449,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12186",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12187 | 12614193 | [
{
"id": "12188",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors or AT-1 antagonists - which is OPTIMAAL after acute myocardial infarction ? OPTIMAAL ( Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan ) is the first major study to compare an angiotensin II Type 1 antagonist losartan ( Cozaar trade mark , Merck ) with an ACE inhibitor captonpril ( Capoten trade mark , Elan ) after myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction . Patients were assigned to a target dose of losartan 50 mg/day and captopril 50 mg t.i.d. , as tolerated . The primary end point was all-cause mortality and there were 499 ( 18 % ) and 447 ( 16 % ) deaths in the losartan and captopril group , respectively ( p = 0.07 ) . However , there were significantly more cardiovascular deaths with losartan ( 420 , 15 % ) than with captopril ( 363 , 13 % ; p = 0.03 ) . Losartan was better tolerated than captopril with fewer patients discontinuing medication ( 17 versus 23 % for losartan and captopril , respectively ) . In conclusion , if tolerated , captopril should remain the preferred treatment for patients after complicated acute myocardial infarction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1138
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12189",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12190",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AT-1 antagonists"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12191",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin II Type 1 antagonist losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
226,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captonpril"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12193",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12194",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12195",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12196",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12197",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12198",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12200",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"losartan"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12201",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12202",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"captopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12203",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"all-cause mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12204",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12205",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12206",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12207",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"patients discontinuing medication"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
935
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12208",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12209",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12210",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"left ventricular dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
434
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12211 | 12614412 | [
{
"id": "12212",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Ambulatory phlebectomy versus compression sclerotherapy : results of a randomized controlled trial . BACKGROUND Although no randomized controlled trial has assessed the effects of either compression sclerotherapy or ambulatory phlebectomy , both techniques are used to treat varicose veins worldwide . We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare recurrence rates of varicose veins and complications after compression sclerotherapy and ambulatory phlebectomy . METHODS From September 1996 to October 1998 , we randomly allocated 49 legs to compression sclerotherapy and 49 legs to ambulatory phlebectomy . Our primary outcome parameters were as follows : recurrence rates at 1 and 2 years and complications related to therapy . Eighty-two patients were included , of whom 16 were included with both of their legs . The number of treated legs was therefore 98 , but two patients were lost to follow-up . RESULTS One year recurrence amounted to 1 out of 48 for phlebectomy and 12 out of 48 for compression sclerotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) ; at 2 years , six additional recurrences were found , but then solely for compression sclerotherapy ( P < 0.001 ) . Significant differences in complications occurring more in phlebectomy than in compression sclerotherapy therapy were blisters , teleangiectatic matting , scar formation , and bruising from bandaging . CONCLUSION Our results show that ambulatory phlebectomy is an effective therapy for varicose veins of the leg . Recurrence rates are significantly lower than for compression sclerotherapy therapy . If varicose veins persist 4 weeks after compression sclerotherapy , it can be argued that to reduce the risk of future recurrence ambulatory phlebectomy should be considered as the better treatment option ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1764
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12213",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12214",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12215",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12216",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12217",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12218",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12219",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12220",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12221",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12222",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12223",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12224",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12225",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12226",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12227",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"compression sclerotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12228",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"ambulatory phlebectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12229",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"One year recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12230",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1071,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12231",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"blisters , teleangiectatic matting , scar formation , and bruising from bandaging ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1276,
1359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12232",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"September 1996 to October 1998 , we randomly allocated 49 legs to compression sclerotherapy and 49 legs to ambulatory phlebectomy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
614
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12233",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Eighty-two patients were included , of whom 16 were included with both of their legs ."
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12234 | 12614707 | [
{
"id": "12235",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The role of choice in health education intervention trials : a review and case study . Although the randomized , controlled trial ( RCT ) is considered the gold standard in research for determining the efficacy of health education interventions , such trials may be vulnerable to \" preference effects \" ; that is , differential outcomes depending on whether an individual is randomized to his or her preferred treatment . In this study , we review theoretical and empirical literature regarding designs that account for such effects in medical research , and consider the appropriateness of these designs to health education research . To illustrate the application of a preference design to health education research , we present analyses using process data from a mixed RCT/preference trial comparing two formats ( Group or Self-Directed ) of the \" Women take PRIDE \" heart disease management program . Results indicate that being able to choose one 's program format did not significantly affect the decision to participate in the study . However , women who chose the Group format were over 4 times as likely to attend at least one class and were twice as likely to attend a greater number of classes than those who were randomized to the Group format . Several predictors of format preference were also identified , with important implications for targeting disease-management education to this population ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1412
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12236",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Group"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12237",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Self-Directed )"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
841
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12238",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Group format"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1084
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12239",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"randomized to the Group format ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12240",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"decision to participate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1003,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12241",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Women"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
856
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12242",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
870,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12243",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
1052,
1057
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12244 | 12616671 | [
{
"id": "12245",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments of concurrent administration of risperidone and donepezil . Treatment of Alzheimer 's disease sometimes uses combinations of drugs because dementia is frequently associated with behavioral symptoms . Risperidone and donepezil are both metabolized through cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 , raising the possibility of drug interactions with combination therapy . The objective of this study was to determine whether significant drug interactions occur with concomitant administration of donepezil and risperidone . In an open-label , three-way crossover study , 24 healthy men were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 mg of risperidone twice daily , 5 mg of donepezil once daily , or both drugs for 14 consecutive days , followed by a 21-day washout period . The treatment ratios of AUC and associated 90 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for risperidone active moiety , defined as risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone ( ratio = 110.2 % ; 90 % CI = 103.7-117.2 ) , and for donepezil ( ratio = 97.1 % ; 90 % CI = 90.0-103.6 ) were within the 80 % to 125 % of bioequivalence range . The treatment ratios of Cmax and associated 90 % CIs for risperidone active moiety ( ratio = 114.6 % ; 90 % CI = 107.0-122.8 ) and for donepezil ( ratio = 96.1 % ; 90 % CI = 90.0-102.6 ) were also within the bioequivalence range . Therefore , no significant pharmacokinetic differences occurred in either risperidone active moiety or donepezil when given alone or in combination . Adverse events ( predominantly headache , nervousness , and somnolence ) were minor and comparable for all treatment groups . The results indicate that no clinically meaningful drug interactions occurred between risperidone 1 mg daily and donepezil 5 mg daily at steady state , and therefore no dosage adjustment is required when both drugs are combined with the dosage regimen studied . Additional investigations are warranted to determine the potential for interactions in elderly patients with dementia who may eliminate risperidone and donepezil more slowly and thus be more vulnerable to clinical drug interactions than the young healthy subjects examined in this study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2166
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12246",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12247",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil ."
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12248",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12249",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12250",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12251",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone ."
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12252",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"risperidone"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
82
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12253",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"donepezil"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12254",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12255",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"drug interactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12256",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ratios of AUC"
],
"offsets": [
[
803,
816
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12257",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"treatment ratios of Cmax and associated 90 % CIs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12258",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1367,
1382
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12259",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Adverse events ( predominantly headache , nervousness , and somnolence )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1490,
1562
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12260",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinically meaningful drug interactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1645,
1684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12261",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
595,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12262",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12263",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
2119,
2124
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12264",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
598,
605
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12265 | 12618690 | [
{
"id": "12266",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Optimal therapy for advanced chronic venous insufficiency . INTRODUCTION While definitive therapy awaits level I evidence , controversy persists regarding the optimal operation for treatment of advanced chronic venous insufficiency ( CVI ) . We propose a pragmatic approach to the correction or amelioration of venous hypertension resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic venous reflux . We evaluated a strategy of balloon dissection , subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery ( SEPS ) with routine posterior deep compartment fasciotomy , including ligation and stripping of the superficial system , for use when reflux is documented at duplex ultrasound ( US ) scanning . METHODS This is a cooperative , multicenter , retrospective review of 832 patients stratified by CEAP classification . The series consisted of 300 patients with C4 CVI , 119 patients with C5 CVI , and 413 patients with C6 CVI . A subset of 92 patients with C4 disease were prospectively randomized , and ambulatory venous pressure ( AVP ) was determined preoperatively and postoperatively . All patients underwent duplex US scanning to document reflux in the deep , superficial , and perforating venous systems . Efficacy , safety , and durability were evaluated over follow-up of 1 to 9 years ( mean , 31/2 years ) . Uniformity was attempted by adoption of the senior author 's protocol and technique through on-site preceptorship in each surgeon 's operative theater . RESULTS This technique interrupted 3 to 14 ( mean , 7 ) incompetent perforating veins per patient . Of the 832 patients undergoing SEPS , 460 ( 55 % ) underwent saphenous vein ligation and stripping at the same operation . In 92 % ulcers healed or were significantly improved within 4 to 14 weeks . In 64 ( 8 % ) patients , ulcers failed to heal or there was no benefit from the operation . Thirty-two patients ( 4 % ) experienced recurrent ulceration or skin deterioration at 6 months-2 years ( mean , 15 mo ) . Repeat SEPS was successful in 25 of these 96 patients , and deep valve repair was successful in 4 patients . In the 92 randomized patients with C4 disease , 41 refused postoperative AVP , leaving 51 compliant patients . The SEPS group ( n = 25 ) had significantly reduced AVP ( P < .01 ) compared with the control group ( n = 26 ) . Complications in 825 patients were less than 3 % and consisted mostly of transient neurologic disorders ( eg , paradysthesia ) , but deep venous thrombosis occurred in 2 patients , with pulmonary embolus in 1 . No operative deaths occurred . Follow-up for 1 to 9 years ( mean , 31/2 years ) demonstrated durability . CONCLUSION The efficacy , safety , and durability of this operative protocol proved beneficial in our clinical experience with 832 patients during 9 years of follow-up . The SEPS subset of randomized patients with C4 disease experienced significant decrease in AVP , objectively supporting the effectiveness of reflux surgery in advanced CVI . Until definitive level I evidence is available , this operative technique is advocated as optimal therapy for CVI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3075
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12267",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"duplex US scanning"
],
"offsets": [
[
1096,
1114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12268",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"SEPS"
],
"offsets": [
[
488,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12269",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"saphenous vein ligation and stripping"
],
"offsets": [
[
1614,
1651
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12270",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Efficacy , safety , and durability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12271",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ulcers healed or were significantly improved"
],
"offsets": [
[
1684,
1728
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12272",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ulcers failed to heal"
],
"offsets": [
[
1777,
1798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12273",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrent ulceration or skin deterioration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1884,
1926
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12274",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"AVP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12275",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"transient neurologic disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
2372,
2402
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12276",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"deep venous thrombosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2432,
2454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12277",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
2523,
2529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12278",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"durability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12279",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"advanced chronic venous insufficiency ( CVI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
239
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12280",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"832 patients stratified by CEAP classification ."
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12281",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"92 patients with C4 disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
922,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12282 | 12629094 | [
{
"id": "12283",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Final height in girls with turner syndrome after long-term growth hormone treatment in three dosages and low dose estrogens . Although GH treatment for short stature in Turner syndrome is an accepted treatment in many countries , which GH dosage to use and which age to start puberty induction are issues of debate . This study shows final height ( FH ) in 60 girls with Turner syndrome treated in a randomized dose-response trial , combining GH treatment with low dose estrogens at a relatively young age . Girls were randomly assigned to group A ( 4 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ; approximately 0.045 mg/kg/d ) , group B ( first year , 4 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ; thereafter 6 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ) , or group C ( first year , 4 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ; second year , 6 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ; thereafter , 8 IU/m ( 2 ) .d ) . After a minimum of 4 yr of GH treatment , at a mean age of 12.7 +/- 0.7 yr , low dose micronized 17beta-estradiol was given orally . After a mean duration of GH treatment of 8.6 +/- 1.9 yr , FH was reached at a mean age of 15.8 +/- 0.9 yr. FH , expressed in centimeters or SD score , was 157.6 +/- 6.5 or -1.6 +/- 1.0 in group A , 162.9 +/- 6.1 or -0.7 +/- 1.0 in group B , and 163.6 +/- 6.0 or -0.6 +/- 1.0 in group C. The difference in FH in centimeters , corrected for height SD score and age at start of treatment , was significant between groups A and B [ regression coefficient , 4.1 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.4 , 6.9 ; P < 0.01 ] , and groups A and C ( coefficient , 5.0 ; 95 % CI , 2.3 , 7.7 ; P < 0.001 ) , but not between groups B and C ( coefficient , 0.9 ; 95 % CI , -1.8 , 3.6 ) . Fifty of the 60 girls ( 83 % ) had reached a normal FH ( FH SD score , more than -2 ) . After starting estrogen treatment , the decrease in height velocity ( HV ) changed significantly to a stable HV , without affecting bone maturation ( change in bone age/change in chronological age ) . The following variables contributed significantly to predicting FH SD score : GH dose , height SD score ( ref . normal girls ) , chronological age at start of treatment , and HV in the first year of GH treatment . GH treatment was well tolerated . In conclusion , GH treatment leads to a normalization of FH in most girls , even when puberty is induced at a normal pubertal age . The optimal GH dosage depends on height and age at the start of treatment and first year HV ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2349
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combining GH treatment with low dose estrogens"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"micronized 17beta-estradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
867,
894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"estrogen"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12292",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12293",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"GH"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12294",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Final height in girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12295",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"final height ( FH )"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
353
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12296",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of GH treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12297",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FH"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FH in centimeters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12299",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"normal FH"
],
"offsets": [
[
1632,
1641
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12300",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"decrease in height velocity ( HV ) changed significantly to a stable HV"
],
"offsets": [
[
1715,
1786
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12301",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone maturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1807,
1822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12302",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FH SD score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1644,
1655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12303",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"GH dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
1954,
1961
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12304",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"height SD score"
],
"offsets": [
[
1253,
1268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12305",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HV"
],
"offsets": [
[
1745,
1747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12306",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2107,
2121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FH"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12308",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12309",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"turner syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12310",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12311",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12312",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Turner syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12313",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"Girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12314",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty"
],
"offsets": [
[
1587,
1592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12315",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"60"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
359
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12316",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12317 | 12630606 | [
{
"id": "12318",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A preliminary study of the optimal anesthesia positioning for the morbidly obese patient . BACKGROUND Hypoxemia during the induction of general anesthesia for the morbidly obese patient is a major concern of anesthesiologists . The etiology of this pathophysiological problem is multifactorial , and patient positioning may be a contributing factor . The present study was designed to identify optimal patient positioning for the induction of general anesthesia that minimizes the risk of hypoxemia in these patients . METHODS 26 morbidly obese patients ( body mass index-BMI 56 +/- 3 ) were randomly assigned to one of three positions for induction of anesthesia : 1 ) 30 degrees Reverse Trendelenburg ; 2 ) Supine-Horizontal ; 3 ) 30 degrees Back Up Fowler . Mask ventilation , full neuromuscular paralysis and direct laryngoscopy were performed . Any airway difficulties were noted . After endotracheal tube placement , subjects were ventilated for 5 minutes with 1 % isoflurane in a mixture of 50 % oxygen/50 % air and then disconnected from the ventilation circuit . The time required for capillary oxygen saturation ( SaO2 ) , as measured by pulse oximeter , to decline from 100 % to 92 % was noted and identified as the safe apnea period ( SAP ) . Ventilation was then immediately re-established . The lowest SaO2 after resuming ventilation and the time from that nadir to an SaO2 of 97 % were also recorded . RESULTS BMI and hip-waist ratios of patients in groups 1 , 2 and 3 did not significantly differ . There were no differences in airway difficulties between the different groups . The SAP in groups 1 , 2 and 3 was 178 +/- 55 , 123 +/- 24 and 153 +/- 63 seconds , respectively . The SaO2 of patients in the reverse Trendelenburg position dropped the least and took the shortest time to recover to 97 % . CONCLUSIONS In morbidly obese patients , the 30 degrees Reverse Trendelenburg position provided the longest SAP when compared to the 30 degrees Back Up Fowler and Horizontal-Supine positions . Since on induction of general anesthesia morbidly obese patients may be difficult to mask ventilate and/or intubate , this extra time may preclude adverse sequelae resulting from hypoxemia . Therefore , Reverse Trendelenburg is recommended as the optimal position for induction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2290
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12319",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"anesthesia positioning"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12320",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"30 degrees Reverse Trendelenburg"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12321",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Supine-Horizontal"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12322",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"30 degrees Back Up Fowler"
],
"offsets": [
[
733,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12323",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Mask ventilation , full neuromuscular paralysis and direct laryngoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
761,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12324",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1 % isoflurane in a mixture of 50 % oxygen/50 % air"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
1018
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12325",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Reverse Trendelenburg"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12326",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Back Up Fowler"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
758
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12327",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Horizontal-Supine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1981,
1998
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12328",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Reverse Trendelenburg"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12329",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"airway difficulties"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12330",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time required for capillary oxygen saturation ( SaO2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1076,
1130
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12331",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"safe apnea period ( SAP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1252
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12332",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SaO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12333",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BMI and hip-waist ratios of patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1425,
1461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12334",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"airway difficulties"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12335",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1247,
1250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12336",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"SaO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1124,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12337",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"position"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12338",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time to recover"
],
"offsets": [
[
1792,
1807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12339",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"morbidly obese patient ."
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12340",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"general anesthesia for the morbidly obese patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12341 | 12635578 | [
{
"id": "12342",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of topical nasal fluticasone on objective sleep testing and the symptoms of rhinitis , sleep , and daytime somnolence in perennial allergic rhinitis . Recent data suggested that daytime somnolence in patients with allergic rhinitis was secondary to disrupted sleep caused by nasal congestion . Medications , which decreased congestion , would be expected to improve sleep and daytime somnolence . Previously , we showed that nasal steroids improved all three symptoms . Presently , we have not performed objective sleep testing to determine if there is a correlation between subjective improvement of congestion , sleep , and daytime somnolence . The objective of this 8-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was to determine if topical nasal fluticasone is effective at decreasing subjective congestion and daytime somnolence and improving sleep and if this improvement correlated with a change in overnight sleep testing ( polysomnography ) . We recruited 32 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and randomized them in a double-blinded , cross-over fashion , to receive placebo or fluticasone ( 50 micrograms a spray ) , 2 sprays each side everyday , using Balaam 's design . Questionnaires , quality of life instruments , daily diary , Epworth Sleepiness Scale , and an overnight sleep test with polysomnograms were used as tools . The last 2 weeks of each 4-week treatment period were summarized , scored , and compared by PROC MIXED in SAS . Correlations between arousals on sleep tests and subjective tests were performed . Fluticasone improved subjective sleep when compared with placebo ( p = 0.04 ) ; however , there was no difference in the apnea/hypopnea index in those that were treated . Daytime sleepiness and fatigue were decreased by > 10 % in the treated group ; however , this was not statistically significant . However , fluticasone used at approved doses improves subjective sleep in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis without a change in the apnea/hypopnea index ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2018
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12343",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12344",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
722
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12345",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12346",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
711
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12347",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"objective sleep testing"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12349",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptoms of rhinitis , sleep , and daytime somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12350",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disrupted sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
260,
275
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12351",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep and daytime somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12352",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improvement of congestion , sleep , and daytime somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
597,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12353",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subjective congestion"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12354",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"daytime somnolence"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12355",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"improving sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
851,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12356",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overnight sleep testing"
],
"offsets": [
[
919,
942
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12357",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"( polysomnography"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
960
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12358",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12359",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life instruments , daily diary"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12360",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Epworth Sleepiness Scale , and an overnight sleep test with polysomnograms"
],
"offsets": [
[
1264,
1338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12361",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep tests and subjective tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1505,
1537
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12362",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subjective sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12363",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"apnea/hypopnea index"
],
"offsets": [
[
1676,
1696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12364",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Daytime sleepiness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1726,
1744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12365",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1749,
1756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12366",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subjective sleep"
],
"offsets": [
[
1576,
1592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12367",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"perennial allergic rhinitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12368",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12369",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"32"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
980
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12370",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"perennial allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12371",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"perennial allergic rhinitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
159
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12372 | 12636954 | [
{
"id": "12373",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of peer counseling on smoking cessation and reduction . OBJECTIVE To evaluate a peer counseling intervention for pregnant smokers . METHODS One hundred forty-two pregnant , predominantly Hispanic women were assigned to a peer-led smoking cessation program or to usual care . RESULTS Compared with usual care , peer counseling reduced smoking ( -9.1 versus -4.5 cigarettes daily , P =.03 ) , but did not affect absolute quit rates ( 24 % versus 21 % ) at 36 weeks ' gestation . Infant birth weight negatively correlated with cigarettes smoked per day ( r = -0.29 , P < .01 ) and expired carbon monoxide ( r = -0.39 , ( P < .001 ) at delivery . Birth weight for infants born to women who quit smoking averaged 7.2 lb versus 6.8 and 6.3 lb for mothers smoking one to six and more than six cigarettes per day at delivery ( P < .01 ) . CONCLUSION Peer counseling reduced the number of cigarettes smoked daily but did not increase cigarette abstinence rates . Infant birth weight increases with both smoking cessation and smoking reduction , suggesting that peer counseling intervention programs may improve newborn health despite their failure to affect smoking cessation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1180
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12374",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"peer counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12375",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"peer counseling intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12376",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"peer-led smoking cessation program or to usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12377",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"usual care , peer counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12378",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Peer counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12379",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"peer counseling intervention programs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12380",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cessation"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12381",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"quit rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
431,
441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12382",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Infant birth weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12383",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Birth weight for infants born to women who quit smoking"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12384",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Peer counseling"
],
"offsets": [
[
854,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12385",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of cigarettes smoked daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12386",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"cigarette abstinence rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
963
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12387",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Infant birth weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12388",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"newborn health"
],
"offsets": [
[
1114,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12389",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pregnant smokers"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12390",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"One hundred forty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12391",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pregnant"
],
"offsets": [
[
125,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12392",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
208,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12393 | 12638099 | [
{
"id": "12394",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of 8 hours of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for the treatment of acute nonspecific low back pain ( LBP ) . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , parallel , single-blind ( investigator ) , placebo-controlled , multicenter clinical trial . SETTING Five community-based research facilities . PARTICIPANTS Two-hundred nineteen subjects , aged 18 to 55 years , with acute nonspecific LBP . INTERVENTION Subjects were stratified by baseline pain intensity and gender and randomized to one of the following groups : evaluation of efficacy ( heatwrap , n=95 ; oral placebo , n=96 ) and blinding ( oral ibuprofen , n=12 ; unheated back , wrap n=16 ) . All treatments were administered for 3 consecutive days with 2 days of follow-up . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary : day 1 mean pain relief ( 0- to 5-point verbal response scale ) . Secondary : muscle stiffness ( 101-point numeric rating scale ) , lateral trunk flexibility ( fingertip-floor distance ) , and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire over 3 days of treatment and 2 days of follow-up . RESULTS Heatwrap therapy was shown to provide significant therapeutic benefits when compared with placebo during both the treatment and follow-up period . On day 1 , the heatwrap group had greater pain relief ( 1.76+/-.10 vs 1.05+/-.11 , P < .001 ) , less muscle stiffness ( 43.1+/-1.21 vs 47.6+/-1.21 , P=.008 ) , and increased flexibility ( 18.6+/-.44 cm vs 16.5+/-.45 cm , P=.001 ) compared with placebo . Disability was also reduced in the heatwrap group ( 5.3 vs 7.4 , P=.0002 ) . Adverse events were mild and infrequent . CONCLUSION Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy was shown to be effective for the treatment of acute , nonspecific LBP ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1813
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12395",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"continuous low-level heatwrap therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
134,
171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12396",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12397",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"heatwrap , n=95 ; oral placebo , n=96 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12398",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"blinding ( oral ibuprofen , n=12 ; unheated back , wrap n=16"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
762
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12399",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Heatwrap therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1172,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12400",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12401",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"heatwrap"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12402",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12403",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"heatwrap"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12404",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"heatwrap therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12405",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief ( 0- to 5-point verbal response scale ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
946
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle stiffness"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"101-point numeric rating scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
978,
1008
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lateral trunk flexibility ( fingertip-floor distance )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1013,
1067
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12410",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"therapeutic benefits"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12411",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain relief"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12412",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"muscle stiffness"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12413",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"flexibility"
],
"offsets": [
[
1027,
1038
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12414",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Disability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1098
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12415",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1650,
1664
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12416",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute nonspecific low back pain ( LBP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12417",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two-hundred nineteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12418",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 18 to 55 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12419",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute nonspecific LBP"
],
"offsets": [
[
485,
506
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12420 | 12638834 | [
{
"id": "12421",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of 25-gauge Quincke and 24-gauge Gertie Marx needles for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section . OBJECTIVE To compare the insertion characteristics and rate of complications between 25-gauge Quincke and 24-gauge Gertie Marx needles . DESIGN Prospective , randomized study . SETTING University of Benin Teaching Hospital ; a university-affiliated tertiary centre . SUBJECTS Parturients ( ASA 1 and 2 ) scheduled for elective caesarean section . They were randomly assigned to receive spinal anaesthesia with either 25-gauge Quincke needle or 24-gauge Gertie Marx needle . The patients with abnormal spaces , coagulopathy , infection , pre-eclampsia/eclampsia or obesity were excluded . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The number of attempts at successful identification of the spinal space , intraoperative complications , incidence of postdural puncture headache ( PDPH ) , non-postdural puncture headache ( NPDPH ) and backache . RESULTS Sixty women were studied . The 24-gauge Gertie Marx needle resulted in more successful location of the spinal space on the second attempt ( P < 0.05 ) . Non-postdural puncture headache was seen in 43 % of the study population . PDPH was seen in 10 % of the Quincke group and none in the Gertie Marx group . There was no difference in the incidence of backache in both groups . CONCLUSION The ease of insertion and low incidence of PDPH with the Gertie Marx needle may encourage trainee anaesthetists to use this needle for caesarean section ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1485
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12422",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"25-gauge Quincke and 24-gauge Gertie Marx"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12423",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"25-gauge Quincke and 24-gauge Gertie Marx needles"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12424",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"spinal anaesthesia with either 25-gauge Quincke needle or 24-gauge Gertie Marx needle ."
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12425",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"number of attempts at successful identification of the spinal space"
],
"offsets": [
[
725,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12426",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"intraoperative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12427",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of postdural puncture headache ( PDPH )"
],
"offsets": [
[
826,
875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12428",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"non-postdural puncture headache ( NPDPH ) and backache"
],
"offsets": [
[
878,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12429",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"successful location of the spinal space"
],
"offsets": [
[
1019,
1058
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12430",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Non-postdural puncture headache"
],
"offsets": [
[
1096,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12431",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PDPH"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12432",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"backache"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12433",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PDPH"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
873
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12434",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section ."
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12435",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Parturients ( ASA 1 and 2 ) scheduled for elective caesarean section"
],
"offsets": [
[
387,
455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12436",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"abnormal spaces"
],
"offsets": [
[
603,
618
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12437",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coagulopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12438",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
636,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12439",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pre-eclampsia/eclampsia"
],
"offsets": [
[
648,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12440",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obesity"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12441",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixty"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
948
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12442",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
949,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12443 | 12642251 | [
{
"id": "12444",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for acute epicondylitis . A randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study . BACKGROUND A better treatment modality is needed to control the pain of medial or lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow ) . HYPOTHESIS Dermal iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate will be significantly more effective in controlling pain than a placebo in patients with medial or lateral elbow epicondylitis . STUDY DESIGN Randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study . METHODS On six occasions , 1 to 3 days apart within 15 days , 199 patients with elbow epicondylitis received 40 mA-minutes of either active or placebo treatment . RESULTS Dexamethasone produced a significant 23-mm improvement on the 100-mm patient visual analog scale ratings , compared with 14 mm for placebo at 2 days and 24 mm compared with 19 mm at 1 month . More patients treated with dexamethasone than those treated with placebo scored moderate or better on the investigator 's global improvement scale ( 52 % versus 33 % ) at 2 days , but the difference was not significant at 1 month ( 54 % versus 49 % ) . Investigator-rated pain and tenderness scores favored dexamethasone over placebo at 2 days . Patients completing six treatments in 10 days or less had better results than those treated over a longer period . CONCLUSIONS Iontophoresis treatment was well tolerated by most patients and was effective in reducing symptoms of epicondylitis at short-term follow-up ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1528
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12445",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Iontophoretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
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{
"id": "12446",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone sodium phosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12447",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12448",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"iontophoretic"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
302
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12449",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12450",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12451",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12452",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12453",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12454",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12455",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12456",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Iontophoresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1387,
1400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12457",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12458",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"medial or lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow )"
],
"offsets": [
[
220,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12459",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
216
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12460",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"100-mm patient visual analog scale ratings"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12461",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"investigator 's global improvement scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
1020,
1060
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12462",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"Investigator-rated pain and tenderness scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1167,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12463",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1420,
1429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptoms of epicondylitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1477,
1502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12465",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute epicondylitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12466",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pain of medial or lateral epicondylitis ( tennis elbow )"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
268
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12467",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"medial or lateral elbow epicondylitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12468",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"epicondylitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12469 | 12642847 | [
{
"id": "12470",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Acute and subchronic effects of levocetirizine and diphenhydramine on memory functioning , psychomotor performance , and mood . BACKGROUND Central nervous system adverse effects , such as sedation , often accompany the use of first-generation antihistamines . These effects might interfere with memory functioning and psychomotor performance . Levocetirizine was recently introduced as a new antihistamine said to be free from sedative effects . OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the effects of levocetirizine ( 5 mg ) , diphenhydramine ( 50 mg ) , and placebo on memory and psychomotor performance after acute ( day 1 ) and subchronic ( day 4 ) daily administration in 48 healthy volunteers ( 24 men and 24 women ) . METHODS This study was a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized clinical trial . Treatments were administrated on days 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 , 3 hours before the start of the laboratory test battery ( performed on days 1 and 4 ) , comprising a word-learning test , the Sternberg Memory Scanning Test , a tracking test ( easy and hard version ) , and a divided attention test ( tracking and memory scanning simultaneously ) . Statistical analyses were performed separately for days 1 and 4 by using analysis of variance . RESULTS On day 1 , diphenhydramine significantly impaired tracking performance ( easy : F ( 1,90 ) = 25.9 , P < .0001 ; hard : F ( 1,90 ) = 20.5 , P < .0001 ) and divided attention ( tracking : F ( 1,90 ) = 23.8 , P < .0001 ; memory scanning : F ( 1,90 ) = 22.0 , P < .0001 ) . Results on word-learning tests and Sternberg Memory Scanning Tests were not significantly impaired . On day 4 , the effects of diphenhydramine did not reach significance . In contrast , on both days 1 and 4 , levocetirizine did not significantly impair laboratory test performance . CONCLUSION The results show that memory , attention , and tracking performance are unaffected after acute and subchronic administration of levocetirizine ( 5 mg ) , whereas diphenhydramine ( 50 mg ) significantly affected divided attention and tracking after acute administration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2086
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12471",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12472",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diphenhydramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
358
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12474",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diphenhydramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12476",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"and placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
550,
561
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12477",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
759,
777
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12478",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"diphenhydramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12479",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diphenhydramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12480",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12481",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levocetirizine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12482",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diphenhydramine"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12483",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"memory functioning , psychomotor performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12484",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"mood"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12485",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"memory and psychomotor performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
599
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12486",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tracking performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1302,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"divided attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"memory scanning"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12489",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"word-learning tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1533,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12490",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Sternberg Memory Scanning Tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1557,
1588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12491",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"laboratory test performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1775,
1802
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12492",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"memory"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12493",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1083,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12494",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tracking performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1302,
1322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12495",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"divided attention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12496",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tracking"
],
"offsets": [
[
1027,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12497",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"48 healthy volunteers ( 24"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
697
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12498",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
698,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12499",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"and 24"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12500",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
709,
714
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12501",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
") ."
],
"offsets": [
[
715,
718
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12502 | 12644413 | [
{
"id": "12503",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Clonidine premedication improves metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients during ophthalmic surgery . BACKGROUND In stressful conditions , increasing blood glucose concentrations are closely related to an increase in catecholamines and cortisol release . Clonidine , a centrally acting alpha ( 2 ) -adrenoceptor agonist , has neuroendocrine effects , including inhibition of sympathoadrenal activity . We therefore evaluated the effect of clonidine on blood glucose control and insulin requirements during ophthalmic surgery when given as premedication in type 2 diabetic patients . METHODS After randomization , patients were premedicated with clonidine or flunitrazepam ( control ) . Patients were given insulin by continuous i.v . infusion to maintain blood glucose in the range 5.5-11.1 mmol litre ( -1 ) . Blood glucose concentrations were measured every 15 min during surgery , and hourly for 6 h after surgery . Plasma C-peptide and counter-regulatory hormones were also measured . RESULTS Glycaemia was significantly lower in the clonidine group ( P < 0.01 ) and the median amount of insulin administered was significantly reduced : clonidine group 9.0 ( interquartile range 5.1 ) units ; control 18.6 ( 10.2 ) units ; P < 0.01 ) . Plasma catecholamine concentrations were lower in patients given clonidine ( P < 0.05 ) but there was no difference in cortisol concentrations . CONCLUSION Premedication of type 2 diabetic patients with clonidine 90 min before surgery improves blood glucose control and decreases insulin requirements during ophthalmic surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1573
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12504",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12505",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12506",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12507",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"flunitrazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12508",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"insulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
490
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12509",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12510",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"clonidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12512",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood glucose control"
],
"offsets": [
[
457,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12513",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"insulin requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12514",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Blood glucose concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
816,
844
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12515",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma C-peptide and counter-regulatory hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
924,
972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12516",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Glycaemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1002,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12517",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"median amount of insulin administered"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12518",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma catecholamine concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1245,
1280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12519",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cortisol concentrations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1364,
1389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12520",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood glucose control"
],
"offsets": [
[
457,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12521",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 2 diabetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12522",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ophthalmic"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
96
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12523",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 2 diabetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12524",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type 2 diabetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12525 | 12651635 | [
{
"id": "12526",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Single-dose tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary surgery in patients treated with aspirin until surgery . UNLABELLED Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary artery bypass grafting . We evaluated the effects of a single dose of tranexamic acid given immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) in patients treated with aspirin until the day before surgery . The study was a prospective , randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled , parallel-group trial . Eighty patients were included and divided into two groups : one group received tranexamic acid 30 mg/kg , and one group received placebo ( 0.9 % NaCl ) as a bolus injection before CPB . Postoperative blood loss was recorded for 16 h. Transfusions of blood products were recorded for the whole hospital stay . Transfusions of packed red cells were given when the hematocrit value was less than 20 % during CPB and less than 25 % after surgery . The patients in the tranexamic acid group had significantly less postoperative bleeding compared with the patients in the placebo group ( mean [ SD ] ) ( 475 [ 274 ] mL versus 713 [ 243 ] mL ; P < 0.001 ) . An effective inhibition of fibrinolysis was found in patients receiving tranexamic acid . Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding in coronary artery bypass grafting patients treated with aspirin until the day before surgery . IMPLICATIONS Continuation of aspirin medication until the day before coronary artery bypass grafting may increase postoperative bleeding . The administration of a single dose of tranexamic acid ( 30 mg/kg ) immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass significantly reduced postoperative bleeding and inhibited fibrinolysis in these patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1738
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12528",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"coronary surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12531",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"coronary artery bypass grafting"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12532",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12533",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB )"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
345
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12534",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12535",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12536",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid 30 mg/kg ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
619
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12537",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Transfusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12539",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12540",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12541",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid . Tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1237,
1270
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12542",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"coronary artery bypass grafting"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12543",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12544",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"coronary artery bypass grafting"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12545",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tranexamic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12546",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12547",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12548",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Postoperative blood loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12549",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Transfusions of blood products"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12550",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hematocrit value"
],
"offsets": [
[
876,
892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12551",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12552",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inhibition of fibrinolysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1178,
1204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12553",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12554",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1512,
1536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12555",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"postoperative bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12556",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fibrinolysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1192,
1204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12557",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12558",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12559",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Eighty patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12560",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"The patients in the tranexamic acid group"
],
"offsets": [
[
958,
999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12561",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"the patients in the placebo group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1060,
1093
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12562 | 12651674 | [
{
"id": "12563",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Esmolol blunts the cerebral blood flow velocity increase during emergence from anesthesia in neurosurgical patients . UNLABELLED Cerebral hyperemia has been demonstrated during emergence from anesthesia in neurosurgical patients , but its mechanism is speculative . We performed this study to test the hypothesis that this could be attributed to sympathetic overactivity . Thirty neurosurgical patients were included in a prospective , randomized , double-blinded study comparing esmolol , a short-acting beta-blocker , and a placebo . Esmolol ( 0.3 mg. kg ( -1 ) . min ( -1 ) ) was infused from the end of anesthesia to 15 min after extubation . Cerebral blood flow velocity ( CBFV ) , mean arterial blood pressure , and heart rate were recorded before anesthesia , during anesthesia after surgery , at extubation , and 5-60 min after extubation . Cardiac output ( COe ) was estimated by using an esophageal Doppler from anesthesia to 60 min after extubation . CBFV , COe , and heart rate were significantly lower in the esmolol group . Mean arterial blood pressure was comparable between the groups . There was no correlation between CBFV and COe at any time point during the study . In conclusion , esmolol blunted the CBFV increase during emergence , confirming that sympathetic overactivity contributes to cerebral hyperemia during neurosurgical recovery . IMPLICATIONS Esmolol blunted the postoperative increase in cerebral blood flow velocity in neurosurgical patients . The origin of sympathetic hyperactivity and its potential deleterious consequences require further study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1584
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12564",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12565",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
480,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12566",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo ."
],
"offsets": [
[
526,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Esmolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12569",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"extubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12570",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cerebral blood flow velocity increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12571",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cerebral hyperemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12572",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cerebral blood flow velocity ( CBFV )"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12573",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean arterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
687,
715
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12574",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12575",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardiac output ( COe )"
],
"offsets": [
[
849,
871
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12576",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CBFV"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12577",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"COe"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12578",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
722,
732
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12579",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean arterial blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1038,
1066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12580",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CBFV"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12581",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"COe"
],
"offsets": [
[
866,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12582",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CBFV increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1222,
1235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12583",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cerebral hyperemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1311,
1329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12584",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cerebral blood flow velocity"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12585",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neurosurgical patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12586",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neurosurgical patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12587",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12588",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neurosurgical patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12589",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neurosurgical patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12590 | 12653872 | [
{
"id": "12591",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Multiple risk factor intervention reduces cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with echolucent plaques in the carotid artery . OBJECTIVE In a previously published randomized 6-year study we observed that multiple risk factor intervention reduced cardiovascular risk in high-risk hypertensive men , and that this effect was confined to patients with carotid artery plaques . Hypothetically , the underlying mechanism might have been a stabilization of echolucent , instable , rupture-prone plaques . The aim of the present study was to examine plaque characteristics by B-mode ultrasound in the previous intervention study , and also to investigate the relationship between plaque characteristics at baseline and cardiovascular events during the 6-year follow-up in the two randomization groups . METHODS High resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to characterize plaque echogenicity in four subgroups - dominantly echolucent , substantially echolucent , dominantly echogenic , and uniformly echogenic . RESULTS In the usual care group 17 of 32 ( 53 % ) patients with echolucent plaques at baseline suffered from a combined end-point ( any death or nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke ) during follow-up compared with seven of 28 ( 25 % ) patients in the intervention group ( P = 0.036 ) . The corresponding numbers in patients with echogenic plaques were n = 4/13 ( 31 % ) and n = 4/17 ( 24 % ) , respectively ( NS ) . In the usual care group 11 of 33 ( 33 % ) patients with no plaques suffered from a combined end-point during follow-up compared with 11 of 30 ( 37 % ) in the intervention group . CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the beneficial effect of the multiple risk intervention programme was confined to those patients with echolucent plaques . The data have to be confirmed with a large-scale trial ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1833
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12592",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Multiple risk factor intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12593",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"B-mode ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
577,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12594",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"High resolution B-mode ultrasound"
],
"offsets": [
[
812,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12595",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"usual care group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12596",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"usual care group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1042
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12597",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intervention group"
],
"offsets": [
[
1276,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12598",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"multiple risk intervention programme"
],
"offsets": [
[
1683,
1719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12599",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plaque characteristics"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12600",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plaque characteristics"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
573
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12601",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular events"
],
"offsets": [
[
720,
741
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"characterize plaque echogenicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
858,
890
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12603",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"echolucent plaques"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12604",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12605",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1205
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12606",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"echogenic plaques"
],
"offsets": [
[
1354,
1371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12607",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"beneficial effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1658,
1675
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12608",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-risk hypertensive men"
],
"offsets": [
[
277,
303
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12609 | 12653895 | [
{
"id": "12610",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized controlled trial to compare the dose of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma . BACKGROUND AND AIM Adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy has been shown to be useful to prevent recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) in some retrospective studies . Our aim was to compare the dose effect in the prevention of tumor recurrence . METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with curative resection of HCC ; they were given either one intra-arterial dose of cisplatin/lipiodol , or received four doses , once every 3 months . The rates of recurrence , disease-free and overall survival were compared . RESULTS During a median follow up of 818 days , 21 patients received one dose and 19 received four doses , with 10 ( 47.6 % ) and eight ( 42.1 % ) recurrences , respectively . The 1-year , 2-year and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 71 % , 54 % and 44 % for the one-dose group and 74 % , 60 % and 40 % for the four-dose group ( P = 0.78 ) . The respective overall survival rates were 85 % , 74 % , 55 % and 84 % , 71 % , 40 % ( P = 0.64 ) . The only prognostic factor was presence of vascular permeation . The side-effects were mild and tolerable . CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups . Adjuvant chemotherapy may not be useful ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1398
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12612",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"curative resection"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12613",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Adjuvant locoregional chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
147,
181
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12614",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cisplatin/lipiodol"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12615",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Adjuvant chemotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1357,
1378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12616",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rates of recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
635,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12617",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"disease-free"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
669
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12618",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
690
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12619",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"1-year , 2-year and 3-year disease-free survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12620",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"overall survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1070,
1092
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12621",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"presence of vascular permeation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1186,
1217
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12622",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1224,
1236
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12623",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
927,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12624",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hepatocellular carcinoma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12625",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with curative resection of HCC ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
471,
512
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12626",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"21"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
757
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12627",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"19"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12628 | 12654143 | [
{
"id": "12629",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of postural supports on neuromotor function in very preterm infants to term equivalent age . OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a postural support nappy and/or a postural support roll on neuromotor function in very preterm infants when nursed prone to term equivalent age . METHODS A randomized observer blind controlled trial of 123 very preterm infants was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the sole tertiary referral centre in Western Australia . Infants were stratified by gestational age ( < 29 weeks or 29-30 weeks ) , then randomized into one of three intervention groups : postural support nappy , postural support nappy and postural support roll , or disposable nappy and postural support roll . Interventions started when infants were stable and ceased when routine side-lying commenced . Measurements of shoulder and hip posture were performed pre-intervention , 5 weeks post-intervention and term postmenstrual age . RESULTS Infants nursed with a postural support roll and a postural support nappy demonstrated improved hip posture to term equivalent age compared with infants nursed with either a postural support roll only , or a postural support nappy only . Infants nursed with a postural support roll either with or without a postural support nappy demonstrated improved shoulder posture to term equivalent age . CONCLUSIONS Combined use of a postural support roll and a postural support nappy while very preterm infants are nursed prone improves hip posture up to term postmenstrual age . Use of a postural support roll improves shoulder posture up to term equivalent age ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1615
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12630",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural supports"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
27
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12631",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support nappy"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12632",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12633",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support nappy"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12634",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support nappy and postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12635",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"disposable nappy and postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
684,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12636",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support roll and a postural support nappy"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12637",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12638",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support nappy"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12639",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12640",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support nappy"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12641",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"postural support roll"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12642",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuromotor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"neuromotor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12644",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shoulder and hip posture"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12645",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hip posture"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12646",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shoulder posture"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12647",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hip posture"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12648",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"shoulder posture"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12649",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"very preterm"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12650",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12651",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neuromotor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12652",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"very preterm"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12653",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12654",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"123"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12655",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"very preterm"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12656",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12657",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12658",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"29 weeks or 29-30 weeks"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12659 | 12660676 | [
{
"id": "12660",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Sustained ventricular arrhythmias and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction : results from the GUSTO-III trial . BACKGROUND In many patients , ventricular arrhythmias will develop early after acute myocardial infarction . We studied the incidence , timing , and outcomes of such arrhythmias in the international Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA ( alteplase ) for Occluded Coronary Arteries ( GUSTO ) -III trial . METHODS We identified independent predictors of inhospital ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) and ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) and compared 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of patients who did ( n = 1121 ) and did not ( n = 13,921 ) have these arrhythmias during the index hospitalization . RESULTS Significant independent predictors of inhospital VF were higher Killip class , lower baseline systolic pressure , intravenous preenrollment lidocaine use , shorter time to thrombolysis , and beta-blocker use < 2 weeks before enrollment ; independent predictors of inhospital VT were lower baseline systolic pressure , intravenous lidocaine use before enrollment , higher Killip class , faster baseline heart rate , and advanced age . The 30-day mortality rate was 31 % in patients with VF , 24 % in those with VT , 44 % in those with both , and 6 % in those with neither ( P =.001 ) . The corresponding 1-year mortality rates were 34 % , 29 % , 49 % , and 9 % ( P =.001 ) . The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were higher for patients with late ( > 48 hours after enrollment ) versus early arrhythmias ( < or =48 hours after enrollment ) . CONCLUSIONS Despite thrombolysis , inhospital ventricular arrhythmias are associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality rates after acute myocardial infarction , particularly when occurring later during the initial hospitalization . Better therapies are needed to improve outcomes of these arrhythmias ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1893
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12661",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"We identified independent predictors of inhospital ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) and ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) and compared 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of patients who did ( n = 1121 ) and did not ( n = 13,921 ) have these arrhythmias during the index hospitalization ."
],
"offsets": [
[
452,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12662",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lidocaine use"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12663",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Killip class"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
819
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12664",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower baseline systolic pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
822,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12665",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"intravenous preenrollment lidocaine use"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
896
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thrombolysis"
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12667",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline systolic pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
828,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12668",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intravenous lidocaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1082
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12669",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1136,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12670",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"30-day mortality rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12671",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"1-year mortality rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12672",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"30-day and 1-year mortality rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12673",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12674",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with acute myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12675",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12676",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute myocardial infarction"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12677 | 12663340 | [
{
"id": "12678",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Dose-response characteristics during long-term inhalation of nitric oxide in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome : a prospective , randomized , controlled study . Inhaled nitric oxide ( NO ) improves systemic oxygenation ( PaO2/FIO2 ) in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) . However , individual response varies , and previous trials demonstrated no outcome benefit . This prospective , randomized study in 40 ARDS patients analyzed dose-response ( DR ) characteristics during long-term inhaled NO . Patients were randomized for conventional therapy ( control ) or continuous treatment with 10 parts per million ( ppm ) inhaled NO until weaning was initiated . We measured DR curves of PaO2/FIO2 versus the inhaled NO dose at regular intervals . Before treatment ( Day 0 ) , peak improvement in PaO2/FIO2 was achieved at 10 ppm for both control and NO-treated patients . After 4 days , the DR curve of the NO-treated patients was left shifted with a peak response at 1 ppm . At higher doses ( 10 and 100 ppm ) , oxygenation deteriorated , and the response to inhaled NO disappeared in several patients . This effect was not observed in the control group . There was no effect of inhaled NO on duration of mechanical ventilation or stay at the intensive care unit . In conclusion , long-term inhaled NO with constant doses of 10 ppm leads to enhanced sensitivity after several days and does do not allow reduction of ventilation parameters . Hence , previous trials on therapy with inhaled NO in ARDS should be carefully interpreted , as they used constant NO concentrations , which may have become overdoses leading to deterioration of oxygenation after several days ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1719
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12679",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitric oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitric oxide ( NO )"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12681",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NO"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12682",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"conventional therapy ( control )"
],
"offsets": [
[
580,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12683",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"continuous treatment with 10 parts per million ( ppm ) inhaled NO"
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NO"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NO-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12686",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NO-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
900,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12687",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dose-response ( DR ) characteristics"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12688",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"DR curves of PaO2/FIO2 versus the inhaled NO dose"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12689",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"PaO2/FIO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12690",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"DR curve of the NO-treated patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
976
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12691",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oxygenation deteriorated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1063,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12692",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mechanical ventilation or stay at the intensive care unit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1256,
1313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12693",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oxygenation"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12694",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe acute respiratory distress syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
133
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12695",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12696",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12697",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"40"
],
"offsets": [
[
458,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12698",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ARDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
321
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12699 | 12666946 | [
{
"id": "12700",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparative clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival metronidazole application in adult periodontitis ; 12-months results . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival application of 25 % metronidazole dental gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing ( SRP ) in the treatment of adult periodontitis . Eighty teeth in 18 patients were evaluated using a split mouth design . The test teeth received SRP and a 25 % metronidazole gel applied subgingivally on days 0 and 7 . The control teeth received SRP only . Clinical and microbiological examinations were carried out before treatment and on weeks 1 , 3 , 7 , 13 , 26 , 38 and 52 of the experimental period . Colony forming units of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia / Prevotella nigrescens were determined . Both treatments provided significant improvements in all the clinical and microbiological parameters ( P < 0.05 ) . However , none of the differences between the study groups were statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . As a conclusion , the present study does not provide evidence in favour of the routine use of adjunctive metronidazole dental gel in the treatment of adult periodontitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1239
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12701",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"metronidazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12702",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"metronidazole dental gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
280
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12703",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"scaling and root planing ( SRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12704",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"SRP"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12705",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"metronidazole gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12706",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"SRP only"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12707",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"clinical and microbiological parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12708",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"evidence in favour of the routine use of adjunctive metronidazole dental gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12709",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"adult periodontitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12710",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Eighty teeth in 18 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12711",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"adult periodontitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
372
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12712 | 12668582 | [
{
"id": "12713",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose oral or intravenous linezolid , an oxazolidinone antibiotic , in healthy volunteers . AIMS To determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of oral and intravenous linezolid , an oxazolidinone antibiotic , in healthy volunteers following single- and multiple-dose administration . METHODS In two randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , dose-escalating trials , subjects were exposed either to oral ( 375 , 500 or 625 mg ) or intravenous ( 500 or 625 mg ) linezolid or placebo twice daily . Serial blood and urine samples were obtained after the first- and multiple-dose administrations for up to 18 days . Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were used to describe the disposition of linezolid . RESULTS Plasma linezolid concentrations and area under the concentration-time curves increased proportionally with dose irrespective of the route of administration . Plasma linezolid concentrations remained above the MIC90 for susceptible target pathogens ( 4.0 mg/L ) for the majority of the 12 h dosing interval . Mean clearance , half-life and volume of distribution were similar irrespective of dose for both the oral and intravenous routes . Linezolid was well tolerated and the frequency of drug-related adverse events was similar between the linezolid and placebo groups . CONCLUSIONS Oral and intravenous linezolid exhibit linear pharmacokinetics , with concentrations remaining above the target MIC90 for most of the dosing interval . These results support a twice-daily schedule for linezolid and demonstrate the feasibility of converting from intravenous to oral dosing without a dose adjustment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1678
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12714",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12716",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12717",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12718",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12719",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid ."
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12720",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12721",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12722",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12723",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12724",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"linezolid"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12725",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Pharmacokinetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
16
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12726",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12727",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12728",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12729",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Serial blood and urine samples"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12730",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic analyses"
],
"offsets": [
[
692,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12731",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Plasma linezolid concentrations and area under the concentration-time curves"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
854
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12732",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Plasma linezolid concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
809
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12733",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Mean clearance , half-life and volume of distribution"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12734",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1236,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12735",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"frequency of drug-related adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1254,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12736",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"linear pharmacokinetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
1401,
1424
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12737",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"target MIC90"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1479
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12738 | 12676060 | [
{
"id": "12739",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced pitch sensitivity in individuals with autism : a signal detection analysis . Past research has shown a superiority of participants with high-functioning autism over comparison groups in memorizing picture-pitch associations and in detecting pitch changes in melodies . A subset of individuals with autism , known as \" musical savants , \" is also known to possess absolute pitch . This superiority might be due to an abnormally high sensitivity to fine-grained pitch differences in sounds . To test this hypothesis , psychoacoustic tasks were devised so as to use a signal detection methodology . Participants were all musically untrained and were divided into a group of 12 high-functioning individuals with autism and a group of 12 normally developing individuals . Their task was to judge the pitch of pure tones in a \" same-different \" discrimination task and in a \" high-low \" categorization task . In both tasks , the obtained psychometric functions revealed higher pitch sensitivity for subjects with autism , with a more pronounced advantage over control participants in the categorization task . These findings confirm that pitch processing is enhanced in \" high-functioning \" autism . Superior performance in pitch discrimination and categorization extends previous findings of enhanced visual performance to the auditory domain . Thus , and as predicted by the enhanced perceptual functioning model for peaks of ability in autism ( Mottron & Burack , 2001 ) , autistic individuals outperform typically developing population in a variety of low-level perceptual tasks ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1587
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12740",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"psychoacoustic tasks"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12741",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pitch of pure tones"
],
"offsets": [
[
804,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12742",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"higher pitch sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
973,
997
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12743",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"categorization task ."
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12744",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"pitch processing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1141,
1157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12745",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"pitch discrimination and categorization"
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12746",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"visual performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1305,
1323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12747",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-functioning autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12748",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"group of 12 high-functioning individuals with autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12749",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"group of 12 normally developing individuals"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
773
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12750 | 12680863 | [
{
"id": "12751",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A single nasal allergen challenge increases induced sputum inflammatory markers in non-asthmatic subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis : correlation with plasma interleukin-5 . BACKGROUND Seasonal allergic rhinitis ( SAR ) is a risk factor for asthma in affected individuals . Nasal allergic inflammation enhances bone-marrow eosinophil production , mainly via IL-5 , and rhinitis patients have increased airway inflammation during the pollen season . OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of nasal allergy on sputum inflammatory markers . METHODS In an open-labelled , randomized , placebo-controlled cross-over study with 16 non-asthmatic SAR patients ( median age 25 years , 56 % males ) , the effect of a single nasal allergen challenge performed out of season on induced sputum inflammatory parameters was evaluated . SAR patients were identified by history , skin-prick test and specific IgE . All patients had normal lung function/bronchial hyper-responsiveness out of season and a negative asthma/wheezing history . Sputum cells and supernatant levels of ECP , sICAM , IL-5 and IL-10 , and plasma levels of IL-5 and ECP , were measured before and 24 h after nasal allergen challenge . After a washout period of at least 4 weeks , the procedure was repeated with placebo challenge ( diluent ) . RESULTS Nasal allergen challenge led to an increase in sputum ECP ( pre = 60 +/- 12 , post = 212 +/- 63 micro g/L , P = 0.02 vs. placebo ) , and sICAM ( 4.8 +/- 2.7 to 6.5 +/- 2.9 ng/mL , P = 0.02 vs. placebo ) , whereas IL-10 decreased after provocation ( 44 +/- 11 to 29 +/- 6 pg/mL , P = 0.06 vs. placebo ) . Sputum IL-5 was undetectable in all patients . The absolute number of blood and sputum eosinophils did not change significantly after allergen or placebo challenge ( P > 0.07 , both comparisons ) . Plasma levels of IL-5 increased after allergen challenge ( 8.7 +/- 2.9 to 14.5 +/- 3.9 pg/mL , P = 0.001 ) , and the increase in plasma IL-5 was positively correlated with the rise in sputum ECP in a subgroup of 'responders ' ( n = 12 , r = 0.71 , P = 0.01 ) . CONCLUSIONS A single nasal allergen challenge in SAR patients increased markers of allergic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract , possibly via pronounced activation of inflammatory cells through circulating immediate-type reaction cytokines like IL-5 . These findings may provide additional explanatory data for the high susceptibility of SAR patients to incident asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2449
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12752",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single nasal allergen challenge"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12753",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12754",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single nasal allergen challenge"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12755",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single nasal allergen challenge"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12756",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum inflammatory markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12757",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum inflammatory markers"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
79
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12758",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum inflammatory"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12759",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sputum cells and supernatant levels of ECP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1020,
1062
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12760",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sICAM"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1070
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12761",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-5 and IL-10"
],
"offsets": [
[
1073,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12762",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma levels of IL-5 and ECP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1094,
1123
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12763",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum ECP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12764",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sICAM"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1070
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12765",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-10"
],
"offsets": [
[
1082,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12766",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sputum IL-5"
],
"offsets": [
[
1610,
1621
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12767",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood and sputum eosinophils"
],
"offsets": [
[
1680,
1708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12768",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma levels of IL-5"
],
"offsets": [
[
1808,
1829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12769",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sputum ECP"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12770",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"allergic inflammation"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12771",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"non-asthmatic subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis :"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12772",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"risk factor for asthma in affected individuals ."
],
"offsets": [
[
231,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12773",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12774",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"56 %"
],
"offsets": [
[
674,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12775 | 12687510 | [
{
"id": "12776",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Validation of a novel satisfaction questionnaire for patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving outpatient clinical nurse specialist care , inpatient care , or day patient team care . OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a questionnaire for measuring satisfaction with different forms of complex multidisciplinary care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . METHODS The satisfaction questionnaire ( score range 0-100 ) comprised 28 items covering 11 domains . Together with a visual analog scale ( VAS , range 0-100 ) on overall satisfaction , the questionnaire was applied in 210 RA patients who participated in a randomized trial comparing 3 types of multidisciplinary care . RESULTS The questionnaire was returned by 174 patients ( 83 % ) . The questionnaire and VAS scores in the total group were 75 ( SD 12 ) and 83 ( SD 20 ) , respectively . Reliability analysis showed Cronbach 's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.91 . Spearman 's correlation coefficient between the satisfaction questionnaire score and VAS score was 0.58 ( P < 0.01 ) . Mean total satisfaction questionnaire scores were 72 ( SD 9 ) , 76 ( SD 14 ) , and 78 ( SD 11 ) , in the nurse specialist , inpatient and day patient groups , respectively ( nurse specialist versus day patient , P = 0.004 ) . Significant differences between nurse specialist and day patients were seen in the following domains : waiting time during the treatment , autonomy , coordination , non-financial access , and quality of general information ( all P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Overall , patients were highly satisfied with the multidisciplinary care they received . Major differences regarding the organization of care were reflected in the results of the questionnaire scores . The satisfaction questionnaire appears to be a useful instrument for measuring satisfaction with complex multidisciplinary care in RA patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1878
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12777",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"satisfaction questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12778",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"satisfaction questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12779",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12780",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12781",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12782",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"visual analog scale ( VAS , range 0-100 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12783",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12784",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"questionnaire and VAS scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
784
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12785",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12786",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction questionnaire score and VAS score"
],
"offsets": [
[
982,
1028
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12787",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Mean total satisfaction questionnaire scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1053,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12788",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"waiting time during the treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1382,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12789",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"autonomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1426
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12790",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"coordination"
],
"offsets": [
[
1429,
1441
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12791",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"non-financial access"
],
"offsets": [
[
1444,
1464
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12792",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of general information"
],
"offsets": [
[
1471,
1501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12793",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction questionnaire"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12794",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"satisfaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12795",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"rheumatoid arthritis receiving outpatient clinical nurse specialist care , inpatient care , or day patient team care"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12796",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"210"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12797",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"174 patients ( 83 % )"
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
749
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12798 | 12704402 | [
{
"id": "12799",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of a high-protein , energy-restricted diet on weight loss and energy expenditure after weight stabilization in hyperinsulinemic subjects . OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of replacing some dietary carbohydrate with protein , during energy restriction , on weight loss , total energy expenditure ( TEE ) , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , respiratory quotient ( RQ ) , and the thermic effect of feeding ( TEF ) in subjects with hyperinsulinemia . DESIGN Parallel , clinical intervention study of 12 weeks energy restriction ( 6.5 MJ/day ) and 4 weeks energy balance ( 8.2 MJ/day ) in two groups of subjects randomly assigned to either a high-protein ( HP ) diet ( 27 % of energy ( % E ) as protein , 45 % E as carbohydrate ) or a lower-protein ( LP ) diet ( 16 % E as protein , 57 % E as carbohydrate ) . SUBJECTS A total of 36 obese nondiabetic volunteers with hyperinsulinemia ( 10 males/26 females , aged 34-65 y , BMI 28-43 kg/m ( 2 ) , fasting insulin 12-45 mU/l ) . MEASUREMENTS Body weight and composition , TEE , REE , and RQ were measured at baseline and at week 16 . In addition , the TEF to an HP or LP meal was determined for 3 h , at baseline and at week 16 . RESULTS After 16 weeks , weight loss was similar in response to each diet ; the overall decrease was 7.9+/-0.6 kg ( P < 0.001 ) , of which 6.8+/-0.5 kg was fat ( P < 0.001 ) . REE fell similarly with each diet ; the overall decrease was 719+/-106 kJ/day ( P < 0.001 ) . The TEF was 2 % greater after the HP than after the LP meal at baseline ( P < 0.01 ) and 0.8 % greater at week 16 ( P=0.35 ) . After 16 weeks , the TEF was not reduced in either dietary group . There was no change in TEE after 16 weeks . CONCLUSION In subjects with hyperinsulinemia an energy-restrictive diet containing an increased protein-to-carbohydrate ratio does not enhance weight loss or significantly affect energy expenditure . Caloric restriction , rather than the macronutrient composition of the diet , is the most important determinant of weight loss ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2021
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12800",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"high-protein , energy-restricted diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12801",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"energy restriction"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12802",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"energy balance"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12803",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"high-protein ( HP ) diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
673
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12804",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"lower-protein ( LP ) diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12805",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"HP"
],
"offsets": [
[
664,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12806",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"LP"
],
"offsets": [
[
758,
760
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12807",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight loss and energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12808",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight loss , total energy expenditure ( TEE ) , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , respiratory quotient ( RQ ) , and the thermic effect of feeding ( TEF )"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
422
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12809",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Body weight and composition , TEE , REE , and RQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12810",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12811",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"protein-to-carbohydrate ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
1789,
1818
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"weight loss or significantly affect energy expenditure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1836,
1892
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12813",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperinsulinemic subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12814",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperinsulinemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12815",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
839
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12816",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"obese"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
845
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12817",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperinsulinemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12818",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
893,
895
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12819",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males/26 females"
],
"offsets": [
[
896,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12820",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"34-65"
],
"offsets": [
[
920,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12821",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hyperinsulinemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12822 | 12709801 | [
{
"id": "12823",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults . In this multicentre , multinational , comparative , double-blind clinical trial , outpatients with both clinical signs and symptoms and radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive for 7 days either a twice-daily oral regimen of faropenem daloxate ( 300 mg ) or a twice daily oral regimen of cefuroxime axetil ( 250 mg ) . Among 452 patients considered valid for clinical efficacy , faropenem daloxate treatment was found to be statistically equivalent to cefuroxime axetil ( 89.0 % vs. 88.4 % -95 % CI=-5.2 % ; +6.4 % ) at the 7-16 days post-therapy assessment . At 28-35 days post-therapy , the continued clinical cure rate in the faropenem daloxate group was 92.6 % and that for the cefuroxime axetil group was 94.9 % ( 95 % CI : -6.8 % ; +1.2 % ) . A total of 148 organisms was obtained in 136 microbiologically valid patients ( 30.1 % ) . The predominant causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae ( 47.1 % ) , Haemophilus influenzae ( 30.1 % ) , Staphylococcus aureus ( 14.7 % ) and Moraxella catarrhalis ( 8.8 % ) . The bacteriological success rate at the 7-16 days post-therapy evaluation was similar in both treatment groups : 91.5 % and 90.8 % in the faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil groups , respectively ( 95 % CI=-9.2 % ; +9.5 % ) . Eradication or presumed eradication was detected for 97.3 % and 96.3 % of S. pneumoniae , 85.0 % and 90.5 % of H. influenzae , 88.9 % and 90.9 % of S. aureus and 100.0 % and 83.3 % of M. catarrhalis in faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil recipients , respectively . At least one drug-related event was reported by 9.5 % of the faropenem daloxate-treated patients and by 10.3 % of those who received cefuroxime axetil . The most frequently reported drug-related events were diarrhoea ( 2.2 % versus 2.9 % ) , nausea/vomiting ( 1.5 % vs. 0.7 % ) , abdominal pain ( 0.7 % vs 1.5 % ) and skin reactions ( 1.5 % vs. 1.1 % ) . Overall , faropenem daloxate was at least as effective clinically and bacteriologically as cefuroxime axetil and was well tolerated ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2201
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12824",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12825",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate ( 300 mg )"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12826",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12827",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12828",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12829",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate group"
],
"offsets": [
[
814,
838
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12830",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12831",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12832",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12833",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12834",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1774,
1800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12835",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12836",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"faropenem daloxate"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12837",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cefuroxime axetil"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12838",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12839",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12840",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinical cure rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
788,
806
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12841",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bacteriological success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1215,
1243
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12842",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Eradication or presumed eradication"
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12843",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"drug-related event"
],
"offsets": [
[
1726,
1744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12844",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"diarrhoea"
],
"offsets": [
[
1920,
1929
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12845",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nausea/vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
1955,
1970
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12846",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"abdominal pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
1993,
2007
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12847",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"skin reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
2031,
2045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12848",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"clinically and bacteriologically"
],
"offsets": [
[
2123,
2155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12849",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
2190,
2199
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12850",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12851",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults ."
],
"offsets": [
[
142,
150
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12852",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute sinusitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
312,
327
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12853",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"452"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
513
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12854 | 12713767 | [
{
"id": "12855",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of ezetimibe , a new cholesterol absorption inhibitor , on plasma lipids in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . AIMS This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe 10 mg/day in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . METHODS AND RESULTS Following dietary stabilization , a 2-12-week washout period , and a 4-week , single-blind , placebo lead-in period , 827 patients with baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) > or =3.36 mmol/l ( 130 mg/dl ) to < or =6.47 mmol/l ( 250 mg/dl ) and triglycerides < or =3.95 mmol/l ( 350 mg/dl ) were randomized 3:1 to receive ezetimibe 10 mg or placebo orally once daily in the morning for 12 weeks . The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage reduction in direct plasma LDL-C. Ezetimibe reduced direct LDL-C by a mean of 17.7 % from baseline to endpoint , compared with an increase of 0.8 % with placebo ( P < 0.01 ) . Response to ezetimibe was generally consistent across all subgroups analyzed . Ezetimibe also significantly improved levels of plasma total cholesterol , apolipoprotein B , high-density lipoprotein ( 2 ) -cholesterol and lipoprotein ( a ) , and elicited a trend toward lower triglyceride levels . Ezetimibe did not alter the serum concentrations of lipid-soluble vitamins or significantly affect baseline or stimulated cortisol production . Ezetimibe was well tolerated , with a safety profile similar to that of placebo . CONCLUSIONS Ezetimibe , which significantly reduces LDL-C and favorably affects other lipid variables , may provide a well tolerated and effective new option for lipid management in the future ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1686
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12856",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12857",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12858",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12859",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
167,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12860",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ezetimibe 10 mg or placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
673,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12861",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12862",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12863",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12864",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12865",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ezetimibe"
],
"offsets": [
[
827,
836
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12866",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma lipids"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12867",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentage reduction in direct plasma LDL-C."
],
"offsets": [
[
782,
826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12868",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"direct LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
857
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12869",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"levels of plasma total cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1086,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12870",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"apolipoprotein B"
],
"offsets": [
[
1123,
1139
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12871",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"high-density lipoprotein ( 2 ) -cholesterol and lipoprotein ( a )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1207
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12872",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"elicited a trend toward lower triglyceride levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12873",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"the serum concentrations of lipid-soluble vitamins or significantly affect baseline or stimulated cortisol production"
],
"offsets": [
[
1290,
1407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12874",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1424,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12875",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety profile"
],
"offsets": [
[
1448,
1462
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12876",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"LDL-C"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12877",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lipid variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
1578,
1593
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12878",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"well tolerated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1424,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12879",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with primary hypercholesterolemia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12880",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with primary hypercholesterolemia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
128
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12881 | 12718385 | [
{
"id": "12882",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A randomized trial comparing intravesical instillations of mitoxantrone and doxorubicin in patients with superficial bladder cancer . BACKGROUND This randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of intravesical mitoxantrone instillation with those of doxorubicin in superficial bladder cancer following transurethral resection . METHODS Sixty-three patients were randomized into mitoxantrone and doxorubicin groups . Most of the patients enrolled were elderly people ( mean age , 71 years ) . The instilled doses of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone were 30 and 14 mg , respectively . Disease recurrence and side effects were compared using Fisher 's exact test . The interval to recurrence was shown by Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves , and the log-rank test was used to compare the time to recurrence . RESULTS The median follow-up period was 36 months . Thirty-three patients received mitoxantrone , whereas 30 patients used doxorubicin . The recurrence rate in the doxorubicin group was 30 % ( 95 % CI : 19.8 % -38.8 % ) , while it was 27.3 % ( 95 % CI : 17.5 % -36.8 % ) in the mitoxantrone group . The median recurrence-free survival in the mitoxantrone group and in the doxorubicin group was 22 and 20 months , respectively ( p=0.580 ) . Higher recurrence rates were found for Grade III and multiple primary tumors . There was no significant difference in response rates ( p=0.784 ) . The incidence of side effects was 20 % in the doxorubicin group and 21.2 % in the mitoxantrone group . However , the difference was not significant ( p > 0.99 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the efficacy and side effects of mitoxantrone were similar to those of doxorubicin . Especially for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or aged patients with primary bladder tumors , mitoxantrone and doxorubicin may be the tolerable and effective intravesical agents ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1885
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12883",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12884",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12885",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravesical mitoxantrone instillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
225,
263
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12886",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12887",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12888",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12889",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12890",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12891",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12892",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12893",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12894",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12895",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12896",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12897",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12898",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12899",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12900",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12901",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"mitoxantrone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12902",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"doxorubicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
87
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12903",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12904",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12905",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Disease recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
625
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12906",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12907",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"interval to recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12908",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to recurrence"
],
"offsets": [
[
807,
825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12909",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"recurrence rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12910",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"median recurrence-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12911",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"recurrence rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1275,
1291
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12912",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"response rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1386,
1400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12913",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12914",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
204
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12915 | 12738312 | [
{
"id": "12916",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of the comet assay and the oxygen microelectrode for measuring tumor oxygenation in head-and-neck cancer patients . PURPOSE To compare the Eppendorf PO2 histograph and the alkaline comet assay as methods of measuring tumor hypoxia in patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas . MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of a larger clinical trial , 65 patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma nodal metastasis underwent tumor oxygenation measurements with Eppendorf PO2 histographs and comet assays , performed on fine-needle aspirates at 1 and 2 min after 5 Gy . Fifty-four patients had sufficient tumor cells for comet analysis at 1 min and 26 at both 1 and 2 min . Individual cells were examined for DNA single-strand breaks by alkaline gel electrophoresis , and the distribution of values was quantified using median tail moment ( MTM ) . Nonirradiated tumor cells from pretreatment fine-needle aspirates received 5 Gy in vitro to establish the oxygenated response . RESULTS There was a significant correlation between the 1- and 2-min MTM ( slope = 0.77 +/- 0.03 ) . There was no relationship between DNA damage in tumor cells irradiated in vitro and in vivo . No correlation was found between Eppendorf PO2 measurements and comet MTM . There was a statistically significant correlation between the treatment response in the node studied and comet MTMs , whereas no correlation was observed between treatment response and Eppendorf measurements . CONCLUSIONS Comet assays are reproducible , as shown by biopsies at 1 and 2 min . Intertumor variation in the MTM is not a result of intrinsic radiosensitivity but of tumor hypoxia . There was no correlation between Eppendorf PO2 measurements and comet MTM . Comet assays were better than Eppendorf in predicting treatment response as an end point for short-term outcome . Longer follow-up is needed to determine the role of the comet assay as a predictor for locoregional tumor control and survivals ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1975
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12917",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Eppendorf PO2 histograph"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12918",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"alkaline comet assay"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12919",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tumor oxygenation measurements with"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
476
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12920",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Eppendorf PO2 histographs"
],
"offsets": [
[
477,
502
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12921",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12922",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"comet assays"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12923",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
", performed on fine-needle aspirates at 1 and 2 min after 5 Gy"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
582
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12924",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"5 Gy in vitro"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
952
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12925",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor oxygenation"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12926",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tumor hypoxia"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12927",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"tumor oxygenation measurements with Eppendorf PO2 histographs and comet assays"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
519
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12928",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"DNA damage in tumor cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
1127,
1152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12929",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Eppendorf PO2 measurements and comet MTM"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12930",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"head-and-neck cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12931",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12932",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"65 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12933",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
259,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12934",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifty-four patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
585,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12935 | 12739123 | [
{
"id": "12936",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The utility of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women of reproductive age . AIM To see whether laparoscopy improves the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women of reproductive age , and to determine what the long-term sequelae are of not removing an appendix deemed at laparoscopy to be normal . METHOD The initial part of the study was undertaken during 1991-1992 . Female patients between 16 and 45 years were eligible for inclusion once a clinical decision had been made to perform an appendicectomy for suspected acute appendicitis . Following consent , patients were randomized into two groups . One group had open appendicectomy , as planned . The other group had laparoscopy , followed by open appendicectomy only if the appendix was seen to be inflamed or was not visualized . The end points for the study were the clinical outcomes of all patients , and the results of histology , where appropriate . An attempt was made to contact all patients at 10 years to determine whether they had had a subsequent appendicectomy , or had been diagnosed with another abdominal condition that might be relevant to the initial presentation in 1991-1992 . RESULTS Laparoscopic assessment was correct in all cases in which the appendix was visualized . Diagnostic accuracy was improved from 75 % to 97 % . Laparoscopy was associated with no added complications , no increase in hospital stay in patients who went on to appendicectomy , and a reduction in hospital stay for those who underwent laparoscopy alone . No patients developed a problem over the 10-year follow-up period from having a normal-looking appendix not removed at laparoscopy . CONCLUSION Laparoscopic assessment of the appendix is reliable , and to leave a normal-looking appendix at laparoscopy does not appear to cause any long-term problems ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1853
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12937",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laparoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12938",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"open appendicectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12939",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laparoscopy"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12940",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"open appendicectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12941",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"histology"
],
"offsets": [
[
923,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12942",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Diagnostic accuracy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1292,
1311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12943",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"no added complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1377,
1399
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12944",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"no increase in hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1402,
1430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12945",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"reduction in hospital stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1481,
1507
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12946 | 12742556 | [
{
"id": "12947",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Efficacy of second versus third generation oral contraceptives in the treatment of hirsutism . OBJECTIVE To compare second versus third generation combination oral contraceptives ( OCs ) in the treatment of hirsutism . METHODS Women with hirsutism , as defined by a minimum Ferriman-Gallwey score of 10 , were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive an OC containing either ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel or ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel for 9 months of treatment . Ferriman-Gallwey scores , androgen levels and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at baseline and every 3 months for the duration of the study . Hormones were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay . RESULTS Of the 47 women enrolled , 24 were randomized to ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel and 23 were randomized to ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel . Mean sex hormone-binding globulin increased significantly in subjects using the desogestrel-containing contraceptive compared with the levonorgestrel-containing contraceptive . Ten subjects completed the 9 months of treatment in the levonorgestrel group and 11 completed the study in the desogestrel group . Mean free testosterone and 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide decreased significantly in the group receiving ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel but not in the ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel group . Mean Ferriman-Gallwey scores decreased significantly in both treatment groups . Improvement in mean Ferriman-Gallwey score was 35.7 +/- 38.1 % ( p < 0.001 ) for the ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel arm and 33.4 +/- 27.3 % ( p < 0.001 ) for the ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel arm . There were no statistically significant differences found in the improvement of Ferriman-Gallwey scores between the two treatment arms , although the power to detect a difference was limited by the small sample size . CONCLUSIONS Treatment of hirsute women with third generation OCs containing desogestrel results in a significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin and decrease in free testosterone and 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide . Both second and third generation OCs were clinically effective in treating hirsutism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2148
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12948",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral contraceptives"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12949",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"third generation combination oral contraceptives ( OCs )"
],
"offsets": [
[
130,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12950",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12951",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12952",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12953",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel ."
],
"offsets": [
[
799,
833
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12954",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desogestrel-containing contraceptive"
],
"offsets": [
[
914,
950
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12955",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levonorgestrel-containing contraceptive ."
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
1010
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12956",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levonorgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12957",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12958",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12959",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12960",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
382,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12961",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12962",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"third generation"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12963",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"OCs"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12964",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desogestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
411
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12965",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"OCs"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12966",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ferriman-Gallwey scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12967",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"androgen levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12968",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sex hormone-binding globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12969",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12970",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean sex hormone-binding globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
834,
867
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12971",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean free testosterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1142,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12972",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12973",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean Ferriman-Gallwey scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
1336,
1364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12974",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ferriman-Gallwey score"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
296
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12975",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Ferriman-Gallwey scores"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
499
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12976",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sex hormone-binding globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12977",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"free testosterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1164
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12978",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1202
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
12979 | 12743142 | [
{
"id": "12980",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic versus prostate-only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant versus adjuvant combined androgen suppression : Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413 . PURPOSE This trial tested the hypothesis that combined androgen suppression ( CAS ) and whole-pelvic ( WP ) radiotherapy ( RT ) followed by a boost to the prostate improves progression-free survival ( PFS ) by 10 % compared with CAS and prostate-only ( PO ) RT . This trial also tested the hypothesis that neoadjuvant and concurrent hormonal therapy ( NCHT ) improves PFS compared with adjuvant hormonal therapy ( AHT ) by 10 % . MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligibility included localized prostate cancer with an elevated prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) < or = 100 ng/mL and an estimated risk of lymph node ( LN ) involvement of 15 % . Between April 1 , 1995 , and June 1 , 1999 , 1,323 patients were accrued . Patients were randomly assigned to WP + NCHT , PO + NCHT , WP + AHT , or PO + AHT . Failure for PFS was defined as the first occurrence of local , regional , or distant disease ; PSA failure ; or death for any cause . RESULTS With a median follow-up of 59.5 months , WP RT was associated with a 4-year PFS of 54 % compared with 47 % in patients treated with PO RT ( P =.022 ) . Patients treated with NCHT experienced a 4-year PFS of 52 % versus 49 % for AHT ( P =.56 ) . When comparing all four arms , there was a progression-free difference among WP RT + NCHT , PO RT + NCHT , WP RT + AHT , and PO RT + AHT ( 60 % v 44 % v 49 % v 50 % , respectively ; P =.008 ) . No survival advantage has yet been seen . CONCLUSION WP RT + NCHT improves PFS compared with PO RT and NCHT or PO RT and AHT , and compared with WP RT + AHT in patients with a risk of LN involvement of 15 % ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1757
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "12981",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"radiotherapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12982",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"neoadjuvant versus adjuvant combined androgen suppression : Radiation Therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
77,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12983",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"androgen suppression ( CAS ) and whole-pelvic ( WP ) radiotherapy ( RT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12984",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"neoadjuvant and concurrent hormonal therapy ( NCHT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12985",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"adjuvant hormonal therapy ( AHT )"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12986",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"NCHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12987",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"AHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12988",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"WP RT + NCHT , PO RT + NCHT , WP RT + AHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1432,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12989",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"PO RT + AHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1480,
1491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12990",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"WP RT + NCHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1432,
1444
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12991",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"PO RT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12992",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"NCHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
529,
533
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12993",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PO RT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1242,
1247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12994",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"AHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
591,
594
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12995",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"WP RT + AHT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1462,
1473
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12996",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"progression-free survival ( PFS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
350,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12997",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Failure for PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12998",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"local , regional , or distant disease ; PSA failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1023,
1074
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12999",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
1080,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13000",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"4-year PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13001",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"4-year PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
1179,
1189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13002",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"progression-free difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1398,
1425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13003",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival advantage"
],
"offsets": [
[
1552,
1570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13004",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"PFS"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13005",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Between April 1 , 1995 , and June 1 , 1999 , 1,323 patients were accrued ."
],
"offsets": [
[
809,
883
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13006 | 12748567 | [
{
"id": "13007",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Systematic approach to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly . OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effectiveness of a management approach that combines the canalith repositioning maneuver ( CRM ) and vestibular rehabilitation ( VR ) in the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo ( BPPV ) in elderly persons . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Forty-seven patients ( > /=70 years old ) with the diagnosis of unilateral posterior semicircular canal BPPV formed the study population . This study has 2 parts . In the first part , patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups : the CRM and avoidance ( no treatment ) . Patients were evaluated 1 month after the first visit . Those patients not responding to treatment were enrolled in the second part of the study , treated with an individualized combination of CRM and VR , and then reevaluated 3 months later . RESULTS Statistically significant improvement of vertigo and provoked nystagmus in 64 % of patients in the CRM group compared with the no-treatment group . After the addition of VR , 77 % of all patients improved . CONCLUSION A combination of CRM and VR improves BPPV in the elderly . SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that although CRM is more effective than no treatment , VR can be added to improve the results in the treatment of BPPV ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1312
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13008",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Systematic approach"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13009",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"canalith repositioning maneuver ( CRM ) and vestibular rehabilitation ( VR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13010",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"CRM and avoidance ( no treatment )"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13011",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"an individualized combination of CRM and VR"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13012",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vertigo"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"provoked nystagmus"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
949
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13014",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VR"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BPPV"
],
"offsets": [
[
297,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
13016 | 12769155 | [
{
"id": "13017",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Preservative-free ocular hydrating agents in symptomatic contact lens wearers : saline versus PVP solution . PURPOSE To compare two preservative-free hydrating agents , in multidose ( ABAK ) bottles , in contact lens wearers experiencing symptoms of ocular dryness . METHODS The endpoint of this 4-week multicenter , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group study comparing a 2 % polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ) solution with a 0.9 % NaCl solution was to assess ocular discomfort using a visual analog scale . A biomicroscopic examination and a test of tolerability on instillation were also performed , and adverse events were recorded . RESULTS Thirty-nine subjects were enrolled ( 23 PVP ; 16 NaCl ) . The average age was 30 ; subjects were predominantly female , and mostly wore frequent-replacement contact lenses . They were all exposed to environmental factors such as routine use of video monitors or air conditioning . The two groups were similar at baseline ( D0 ) . Both PVP and NaCl improved the comfort of contact lens wear ( P = 0.0003 ) , with no difference between them ( P = 0.25 ) . The mean daily duration of lens wear and the daily number of instillations to relieve discomfort ( 4.2 +/- 2.0 for PVP ABAK ; 4.6 +/- 1.9 for NaCl ABAK ) were comparable . However , PVP use led to more favorable evolution of fluorescein-staining corneal punctuations ( P = 0.028 ) . Safety was good , with minimal adverse events considered unrelated to the products . Lens wettability was excellent , and there were no clinically relevant deposits . Most subjects also found the ABAK bottles convenient . CONCLUSIONS Ocular hydration improves comfort in contact lens wearers . NaCl is an appropriate first-line treatment , but for subjects with fluorescein-staining punctuations , lubrication with PVP is preferable ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1817
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "13018",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Preservative-free ocular hydrating agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13019",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13020",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVP solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13021",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"preservative-free hydrating agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
166
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13022",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"2 % polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP ) solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13023",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"0.9 % NaCl solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13024",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVP"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13025",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NaCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13026",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVP"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13027",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NaCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13028",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVP"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13029",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"NaCl"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13030",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"PVP"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13031",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ocular dryness"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13032",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"comfort of contact lens wear"
],
"offsets": [
[
1007,
1035
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13033",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"fluorescein-staining corneal punctuations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13034",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13035",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
621
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13036",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Lens wettability"
],
"offsets": [
[
1468,
1484
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13037",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"symptomatic contact lens wearers"
],
"offsets": [
[
45,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13038",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"contact lens wearers"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13039",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ocular dryness"
],
"offsets": [
[
250,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13040",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirty-nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
646,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13041",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"23"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
685
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13042",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
692,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13043",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"30"
],
"offsets": [
[
724,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13044",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
757,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "13045",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"wore frequent-replacement contact lenses"
],
"offsets": [
[
777,
817
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |