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[
"uksi_20200438_en.pdf"
] | What does "new account" mean according to the international tax compliance from 2020 ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"“new account” means a financial account maintained by a reporting financial institution opened on or after 13th May 2020"
]
] | 1 |
[
"uksi_20200438_en.pdf"
] | Under which conditions can the funds of a non-registered pension arrengements be obtained before the age of 55 ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"non-registered pension arrangements where the annual contributions are limited to £50,000 and funds contributed cannot be accessed before the age of 55 except in circumstances of serious ill health"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2538.pdf"
] | What metrics are good indicators of the coverage of gas molecules on carbon nanotubes ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"the bind- ing energy and scattering resistance of the molecules"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2648.pdf"
] | What is the source of inaccuracy of the MSA3 model at high ionic concentrations ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"At high concentration (about 1 mol l−1), the MSA3 overestimates the free energy"
]
] | 1 |
[
"uksi_20210582_en.pdf"
] | In the health regulation regarding coronavirus, what is considered a "device" ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"means an in vitro diagnostic medical device within the meaning given in regulation 2(1) of the Medical Devices Regulations 2002"
]
] | 1 |
[
"uksi_20210582_en.pdf"
] | Regarding the regulation of Enforcement of requirement to self-isolate concerning travel and coronavirus, who are considered an "authorised persons" ? | [
[
18
]
] | [
[
"For the purposes of this regulation, “authorised person” means— (a) a constable; (b) for the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) only, an immigration officer; or (c) a person designated by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this regulation."
]
] | 1 |
[
"uksi_20210582_en.pdf"
] | What is the expiracy date of the regulation regarding travel during the coronavirus pandemic made in 2021 ? | [
[
30
]
] | [
[
"These Regulations expire at the end of 16th May 2022."
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia2.pdf"
] | Who first suggested the notions of "hard" and "easy" problems regarding consciousness ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"The terms \"hard problem\" and \"easy problems\" were coined by the philosopher David Chalmers"
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia2.pdf"
] | What is David Chalmer's definition of "consciousness" ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"Chalmers uses Thomas Nagel's definition of consciousness: \"the feeling of what it is like to be something.\""
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia2.pdf"
] | What is the role of the PhilPapers organization ? | [
[
5
]
] | [
[
" PhilPapers is an organization that archives academic philosophy papers and periodically surveys professional philosophers about their views."
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.0510.pdf"
] | What explains mostly the physical behavior that occurs in region iii of thin films ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"The observed behaviour in region iii) can be reason- ably attributed to the decreasing relevance of the con- tribution to the total energy of the system coming from the competitive interactions among NNN planes as the film thickness decreases"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.0510.pdf"
] | Where are located the magnetic ions in the lattice of the studied layers ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"the magnetic ions are located on the sites of a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) lattice"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.0510.pdf"
] | What is the minimum number of spin layers in a film before a correct bulk is reached ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"For n > 16, n being the number of spin layers in the film, a correct bulk limit is reached"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_JWN_2014.pdf"
] | What the rough sales amount of the nordstrom.com website ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"$2 billion in nordstrom.com sales"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_JWN_2014.pdf"
] | How many employees did Nordstrom count in 2014 ? | [
[
16
]
] | [
[
"During 2014, we employed approximately 67,000 employees on a full- or part-time basis."
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_JWN_2014.pdf"
] | How many stores did Nordstrom posses at the end of 2014 ? | [
[
21
]
] | [
[
"Number of stores, end of year : 292"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2538.pdf"
] | What type of nanostructured material works notably well to build gas nanosensors ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"carbon nanotubes (CNT) [2] have been shown to work remarkably well as de- tectors of small gas molecules"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2538.pdf"
] | What seems to be a great technique to ensure vacancies are formed in carbon nanotubes (CNT) ? | [
[
3
]
] | [
[
"Furthermore, it has been shown that CNT vacan- cies, which are needed for the metallic doping, may be formed in a controlled way by irradiation by Ar ion"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HNI_2003.pdf"
] | How many employees did HON Industries count in 2003 ? | [
[
14
]
] | [
[
"Members (employees) at year-end : 8,926"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed8.pdf"
] | Did automating the writing of EM-to-IP handoffs notes using LLM lead to life-threatening outputs ? | [
[
7
]
] | [
[
"none of the incorrect output text elements reached life-threatening risk"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed8.pdf"
] | How did automating the writing of EM-to-IP handoffs notes using LLM affect the usefulness of these notes ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"LLM-generated EM-to-IP handoff notes were determined superior compared with physician-written summaries via conventional automated evaluation methods, but marginally inferior in usefulness"
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv5_ccby4license.pdf"
] | What company released MegatronLM ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"NVIDIA released the MegatronLM"
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv5_ccby4license.pdf"
] | What is the average emission of a human being per year in terms of CO2eq ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"the average human is responsible for an estimated 5t CO2e per year"
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv5_ccby4license.pdf"
] | How did the Black Lives Matter movement influence the writing of Wikipedia articles ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
" the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM) influenced Wikipedia article generation and editing such that, as the BLM movement grew, articles covering shootings of Black people in- creased in coverage and were generated with reduced latency"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2648.pdf"
] | Concerning electrolyte solutions, what assumption makes the primitive model (PM) regarding ions? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"simple phenomenological models such as the primitive model (PM), for which the ions are assimi- lated to charged hard spheres"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2648.pdf"
] | What is the principle of the liquid perturbation theory (LPT) ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"The principle of LPT is to describe the properties of a given system in terms of those of a well known reference system, with the differ- ence between them treated as a perturbation in the ref- erence potential"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HIG_2001.pdf"
] | By how much did the Hartford group's link to AARP website account concerning buisness made over the internet ? | [
[
15
]
] | [
[
"In 2001 the company’s link to AARP’s Web site accounted for much of the $55 million worth of auto business The Hartford generated over the Internet"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HIG_2001.pdf"
] | How many licensed intermediaries did Hartford group have in 2001 ? | [
[
22
]
] | [
[
"More than 153,000 licensed intermediaries"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HIG_2001.pdf"
] | When did the annual sherholder meeting of Hartford happen in 2002 ? | [
[
37
]
] | [
[
"Shareholders are cordially invited to attend The Hartford’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be held on Thursday, April 18, 2002 "
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed11.pdf"
] | Regarding climate change, to what corresponds the "average length of flood events ? | [
[
10
]
] | [
[
"The average length of flood events (number of days in which the cumulative daily rainfall excess is positive, compared to the 95th percentile of the baseline"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed11.pdf"
] | What is the projected situation of India regarding HCVI (Hunger and Climate Vulnerability Index)? | [
[
11
]
] | [
[
"India is projected to see increased HCVI by all ensemble members, due to a consistent increase in length of flood events projected in all members, outweighing the beneficial impact of decreased length of drought which is again projected in all members"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed11.pdf"
] | Regarding climate change simulation, what is JULES ? | [
[
6
]
] | [
[
"Impacts on freshwater were assessed with a version of the JULES land surface model [24,25], a coupled ecosystem–hydrology–surface exchange model which simulates land-atmosphere fluxes of water, energy and carbon in an internally consistent way"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed10.pdf"
] | Which of #climatechange and #globalwarming is the most used ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"A total of 6,662,478 tweets were retained, of which 5,774,747 contained #climatechange, and 887,731 contained #globalwarming"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed10.pdf"
] | Is the #climateaction hashtag more bound the #globalwarming of #climatechange ? | [
[
6
]
] | [
[
"In the #climatechange network, “climateaction” was ranked third place and “sustainability” was ranked fourth place, whereas they were ranked significantly lower, 17th and 22nd, respectxively, in the #globalwarming network"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed10.pdf"
] | What are two main reasons for one's low climate concern ? | [
[
12
]
] | [
[
"As invisible causes and disbelief in actions have long been regarded as two key reasons for low climate concern"
]
] | 1 |
[
"infographic3.pdf"
] | How many scholarly articles are published every year ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"over 3 million scholarly articles published per year"
]
] | 1 |
[
"infographic3.pdf"
] | For what reason a researcher's name is not a good tools to track back its works and affiliations ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"Many people have the same name Names may change through marriage or other circumstances Individuals use different alphabets, abbreviations, or naming conventions People use different versions of their name during their career"
]
] | 1 |
[
"infographic3.pdf"
] | What is an ORCID iD ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"ORCID iD is a 16-digit identifier that researchers can register for and use for free."
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2669.pdf"
] | What type of instability causes rims in ruptured polystyrene thin films to decay into small drops ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
" The rims may further decay into lines of small drops due to a Rayleigh-type instability"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2669.pdf"
] | Concerning the dewetting of nanoparticle solutions, how does the concentration of nanoparticle affect the main finger's width ? | [
[
11
]
] | [
[
"A quantitative analysis shows that the mean number of fingers depends only very weakly on the av- erage concentration of the nanoparticles ; only the mean finger width increases with increasing concentration"
]
] | 1 |
[
"1001.2669.pdf"
] | Which of ultrathin film or mesoscale hydrodynamics are best explained by kinetic Monte Carlo models ? | [
[
17
]
] | [
[
"lthough both the kinetic Monte Carlo model and the dynamical density functional theory are able to describe well the processes in the ultrathin film, they can not be employed to describe mesoscale hydrodynamics"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed9.pdf"
] | What is AgMERRA ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
" historical daily weather data (1986–2005) are from the AgMERRA dataset. AgMERRA is a post-processing of the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data. The dataset is proved to be suitable for agricultural modelling and features consistent, daily time-series data"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed9.pdf"
] | In 2018, what was the global proportion of maize grown in the US ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"According to statistics in 2018, the gross maize yield in the top 5 countries is almost 80% of the total maize yield of the whole world. The United States accounts for more than 32%"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed9.pdf"
] | What would be the price increase resulting from maize production changes due to 1.5°C and 2°C global temperature increase ? | [
[
9
]
] | [
[
"In response to production changes, the price of each commodity changes under both scenarios. At the global level, the market price for maize would increase by 0.7% and 3.4% under 1.5 °C scenario and 2.0 °C scenario, respectively"
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia1.pdf"
] | What is a formal fallacy ? | [
[
7
]
] | [
[
"For formal fallacies, the source of the error is found in the form of the argument"
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia1.pdf"
] | In early Chinese philosophy, what were the major influences regarding the philosophy of logic ? | [
[
17
]
] | [
[
"In Chinese philosophy, the School of Names and Mohism were particularly influential"
]
] | 1 |
[
"wikipedia1.pdf"
] | What is considered a deductively valid argument regarding logic ? | [
[
5
]
] | [
[
"A deductively valid argument is one whose premises guarantee the truth of its conclusion"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed8.pdf"
] | What was the mean correctness score for LLM-generated handoff notes ? | [
[
6
]
] | [
[
"Correctness 4.52"
]
] | 1 |
[
"legal1_opengouvernementlicense.pdf"
] | What are the improvements made to possible to the HadGEM3 and CMIP5 climate change models by UKCP18 ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"mprovements include better representation of the past climate, the inclusion of more cloud and aerosol processes and the ability to model important climate phenomena "
]
] | 1 |
[
"legal1_opengouvernementlicense.pdf"
] | Which causes of the rise of sea level will be considered by UKCP18 ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"Sea-level rise projections will extend to 2100 and will include contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, freshwater reservoirs, groundwater and thermal expansion"
]
] | 1 |
[
"legal1_opengouvernementlicense.pdf"
] | What perdiod is covered by the 12 km resolution projection data of the UKCP18 ? | [
[
3
]
] | [
[
"1981-2080"
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv4.pdf"
] | How many articles compose the Syntec French collective bargaining agreement ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"The Syntec French collective bargaining agree- ment comprises around 90 articles"
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv4.pdf"
] | In the context of research publication, what is HAL ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"Hyper Articles en Ligne (HAL) is a French open archive of scholarly documents from all academic fields."
]
] | 1 |
[
"arxiv4.pdf"
] | What is the effect of embedding dimension on embedding representation quality ? | [
[
5
]
] | [
[
"we observe a performance correla- tion with the embedding dimension and the model’s number of parameters, which are often correlated themselves"
]
] | 1 |
[
"EN-Draft FWC for services 0142.pdf"
] | What is the maximum amount covered by the FWC of the europeean chemical agency ? | [
[
5
]
] | [
[
"The maximum amount covering all purchases under this FWC, including all renewals and reimbursement of expenses is EUR 1 000 000 (one million)"
]
] | 1 |
[
"EN-Draft FWC for services 0142.pdf"
] | How can I get compensation if the european chemical agency terminates a contract we have ? | [
[
10
]
] | [
[
"If the FWC or a specific contract is terminated: a) neither party is entitled to compensation"
]
] | 1 |
[
"EN-Draft FWC for services 0142.pdf"
] | According to the european chemical agency contracts, what is considers a grave professional misconduct ? | [
[
13
]
] | [
[
"'Grave professional misconduct': a violation of applicable laws or regulations or ethical standards of the profession to which a contractor or a related person belongs, including any conduct leading to sexual or other exploitation or abuse, or any wrongful conduct of the contractor or a related person which has an impact on its professional credibility where such conduct denotes wrongful intent or gross negligence."
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_GLW_2002.pdf"
] | What or Corning's corporate values ? | [
[
11
]
] | [
[
"Quality, Integrity, Performance, Leadership, Innovation, Independence, and The Individual"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_GLW_2002.pdf"
] | As a Corning's investor, how can I get a summary of the annual meeting of shareholders ? | [
[
10
]
] | [
[
"A summary report of the proceedings at the annual meeting will be available without charge upon written request to Ms. Denise A. Hauselt, Secretary and Assistant General Counsel, Corning Incorporated, HQ-E2-10, Corning, NY 14831"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_GLW_2002.pdf"
] | How many employees did Corning company count at the end of 2002 ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"We are continuing to invest in our people — all 23,200 of them"
]
] | 1 |
[
"MSTeams_QuickStartGuide_EN_Final_4.18.22.pdf"
] | What is the shortcut to mute myself in MS teams ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"Use [Ctrl]+[Shift]+[M] for a shortcut to mute and unmute during meetings."
]
] | 1 |
[
"MSTeams_QuickStartGuide_EN_Final_4.18.22.pdf"
] | How can I make a channel visible to an invited member ? | [
[
3
]
] | [
[
"Channels can be: • Shared (visible to invited team members and external members of your organization who are not on the team)"
]
] | 1 |
[
"MSTeams_QuickStartGuide_EN_Final_4.18.22.pdf"
] | How can I notify a collegue mentionned in a chat message in Teams ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"Tag a teammate in a message by typing the @ symbol followed by their name. They will receive a special notification calling for their attention."
]
] | 1 |
[
"Botswana-constitution.pdf"
] | What are the 3 prerequisites to be elligible as president of Botswana ? | [
[
17
]
] | [
[
"A person shall be qualified for election as President if, and shall not be qualified unless, he or she- (a) is a citizen of Botswana by birth or descent; (b) has attained the age of 30 years; and (c) is qualified to be elected as a Member of the National Assembly"
]
] | 1 |
[
"Botswana-constitution.pdf"
] | What is the condition to be allowing to access the position of Director of public prosecution in Botswana ? | [
[
24
]
] | [
[
"A person shall not be qualified to be appointed to the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions unless he or she is qualified to be appointed to the Office of a Judge of the High Court"
]
] | 1 |
[
"Botswana-constitution.pdf"
] | What are considered "disciplined force" according to Botswana constitution ? | [
[
15
]
] | [
[
"\"disciplined force\" means- (a) a naval, military or air force; (b) a police force; or (c) a prison service"
]
] | 1 |
[
"serverless-core.pdf"
] | How much does AWS lambda charge when the function is not running ? | [
[
51
]
] | [
[
"there is no charge when your code is not running"
]
] | 1 |
[
"serverless-core.pdf"
] | What is the role of resource policies of lambda functions ? | [
[
59
]
] | [
[
"resource policy: Defines which events are authorized to invoke the function."
]
] | 1 |
[
"serverless-core.pdf"
] | Why can't I use SnapStart on my function tagged with $LATEST ? | [
[
62
]
] | [
[
" You can use SnapStart only on published function versions and aliases that point to versions. You can't use SnapStart on a function's unpublished version ($LATEST)"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_SHEN_2003.pdf"
] | At Shentel company, what determines an employees pension ? | [
[
21
]
] | [
[
"Pension benefits are based primarily on the employee's compensation and years of service"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_SHEN_2003.pdf"
] | At the end of 2003, how many available-for-sales investments did Shenandoah company count in its portfolio ? | [
[
52
]
] | [
[
"The Company’s available-for-sale portfolio at December 31, 2003 is made up of two investments"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_SHEN_2003.pdf"
] | What was the main reason of the decrease of customer base of the Shenandoah and Virginia 10 RSA partnership ? | [
[
50
]
] | [
[
"he decline was the result of competition with digital technologies and increased competition from national carriers in the area"
]
] | 1 |
[
"maiis-user-manual.pdf"
] | As a product manager, how can I reject an inventory in NAIIS ? | [
[
37
]
] | [
[
"Log in as PM. Click on “View Inventories Progress” under sub menu “Submission Management”. The “View Inventories Progress” screen appears. Select the appropriate inventory by clicking the Inventory name under column “Name” Press the “Reject” button "
]
] | 1 |
[
"maiis-user-manual.pdf"
] | What is the global warming potential of Perfluorohexane ? | [
[
47
]
] | [
[
"7,400"
]
] | 1 |
[
"maiis-user-manual.pdf"
] | How can I request access to NAIIS ? | [
[
4
]
] | [
[
"Requests for access to, inquiries on the use of the software, and comments on the design and functionalities of the application should be sent to the dedicated e-mail address [email protected]."
]
] | 1 |
[
"creative_common_ai.pdf"
] | What is the problem regarding the use of the Book3 dataset ? | [
[
1
]
] | [
[
"The Books3 dataset contains text from over 170,000 books,2 which are a mix of in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. It is believed to have been originally sourced from a website that was not authorized to distribute all of the works"
]
] | 1 |
[
"creative_common_ai.pdf"
] | In the United States, before which date is book out of copyright for sure ? | [
[
8
]
] | [
[
"In the United States, all books published or released before 1929 are in the public domain. While use of these books provides maximal certainty for the AI developer to train on"
]
] | 1 |
[
"creative_common_ai.pdf"
] | What of the main imporvement of the Pile v2 dataset in comparison to its first version ? | [
[
12
]
] | [
[
"Among other things, v2 would “have many more books than the original Pile had, for example, and more diverse representation of non-academic non-fiction domains.” At the same time, it would only seek to include public domain books and permissively licensed content"
]
] | 1 |
[
"news1.pdf"
] | Where will the 2024 AI + Energy summit take place ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"The AI + Energy Summit, scheduled for September 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C."
]
] | 1 |
[
"news1.pdf"
] | What is the United States SCSP ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"he Special Competitive Studies Project (SCSP), a nonprofit and nonpartisan initiative with a goal of making recommendations to strengthen America's long-term competitiveness in AI"
]
] | 1 |
[
"news1.pdf"
] | What are some example of uses AI by the US departement of energy ? | [
[
0
]
] | [
[
"The Department of Energy (DOE) already uses AI in several areas including advanced computing, emergency response, environmental modeling, climate forecasting, and materials research"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HNI_2003.pdf"
] | How can I contact Investor Relations of HON industries through email ? | [
[
62
]
] | [
[
"E-mail: [email protected]"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_HNI_2003.pdf"
] | What explains the decrease in net sales of HON industries in 2002 ? | [
[
33
]
] | [
[
"The decrease in 2002 was due to the decline in the office furniture market due to unstable economic conditions and the deletion of less profitable product lines in the hearth products segment"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_ATRI_2003.pdf"
] | What operations were discontinued in 1997 by Atrion Corp ? | [
[
16
]
] | [
[
"During 1997, the Company sold all of its natural gas operations. "
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_ATRI_2003.pdf"
] | How much share of Atrion's revenues did its major customer representin in 2003 ? | [
[
20
]
] | [
[
"The Company had one major customer which represented approximately $9.1 million (14.4 percent"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_ATRI_2003.pdf"
] | What was Atrion's gross profit in 2003 (in thousands) ? | [
[
9
]
] | [
[
"Gross Profit 22,239"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_EEFT_2000.pdf"
] | What the name of the first bridge buildt over Danube ? | [
[
15
]
] | [
[
"he Chain Bridge was the first bridge over the Danube"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_EEFT_2000.pdf"
] | What was the total amount of operating expenses of 2000 by Network Wordwide in 2000 ? | [
[
16
]
] | [
[
"Total operating expenses increased to $88.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2000"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NASDAQ_EEFT_2000.pdf"
] | What was the share of revenues of Netwrok Wordwide made in Poland and Hungary in 2000 ? | [
[
23
]
] | [
[
"In 2000, 30% of the Company’s revenues were generated in Poland and Hungary"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_AIT_2012.pdf"
] | Under which name was the Applied company initially fouded ? | [
[
5
]
] | [
[
"The Company was founded in 1923 by Joseph M. Bruening as The Ohio Ball Bearing Company"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_AIT_2012.pdf"
] | By how much does Applied company plan to contribute to its pension benefits between 2018 and 2022 ? | [
[
35
]
] | [
[
"2018 through 2022 15,200"
]
] | 1 |
[
"NYSE_AIT_2012.pdf"
] | What does Applied has to say regarding the potential creadit risk it could be exposed to ? | [
[
20
]
] | [
[
"The Company has a broad customer base representing many diverse industries primarily across North America. As such, the Company does not believe that a significant concentration of credit risk exists in its accounts receivable"
]
] | 1 |
[
"Protege5NewOWLPizzaTutorialV3.pdf"
] | To what system of logic do OWL ontologies belong to ? | [
[
6
]
] | [
[
"OWL ontologies are an implementation of Description Logic (DL) which is a decidable subset of First Order Logic"
]
] | 1 |
[
"Protege5NewOWLPizzaTutorialV3.pdf"
] | Concerning ontologies, what is an anonymous class ? | [
[
29
]
] | [
[
"They are created by the reasoner when you use class expressions. For example, if you define the range of a property to be PizzaTopping or PizzaBase then the reasoner will create an anonymous class representing the intersection of those two classes"
]
] | 1 |
[
"Protege5NewOWLPizzaTutorialV3.pdf"
] | When to use an enumerated class in OWL ontologies ? | [
[
45
]
] | [
[
"When a property has only a few possible values it can be useful to create a class to represent those values and to explicitly define the class by listing each possible value"
]
] | 1 |
[
"sg246915.pdf"
] | Howcan I specify to Content Manager OnDemand to store the data on the server on which the program runs ? | [
[
120
]
] | [
[
"Local: Content Manager OnDemand stores data in a primary storage node on the server on which the data loading program runs"
]
] | 1 |
[
"sg246915.pdf"
] | Does the XML indexer of Content Manager OnDemand support large objects ? | [
[
187
]
] | [
[
"No"
]
] | 1 |
[
"sg246915.pdf"
] | Considering storage efficiency, should I store my AFP documents as PDF to distribute them over the web ? | [
[
231
]
] | [
[
"If a requirement exists to present AFP documents in the Portable Document Format (PDF) format over the web, from a storage perspective, it is more efficient to store the documents in their native format and then convert them to PDF at retrieval tim"
]
] | 1 |
[
"uksi_20200438_en.pdf"
] | Where can I consult a summary of the impact of the International tax compliance regulations ? | [
[
2
]
] | [
[
"A Tax Information and Impact Note covering the International Tax Compliance Regulations 2015 was published on 18th March 2015 and is available on the HMRC website at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tax-administration-regulations-to-implement-the- uks-automatic-exchange-of-information-agreements"
]
] | 1 |
[
"pubmed12.pdf"
] | What was the muscle volume of the knee flexors of the 2024 word's strongest man ? | [
[
6
]
] | [
[
"Knee flexors 3,060 "
]
] | 1 |
End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
What is PIRE ?
PIRE stands for Pdf Information Retrieval Evaluation.
This dataset is composed of manually created queries and a corpus of PDF files. For each query, the relevant documents, pages, and text passages relevant to the queries have been labeled.
What is its purpose ?
This dataset can be used for evaluation of information retrieval strategies on PDF files. It was initially created in order to compare various PDF parsing and chunking tools for information retrieval in RAG applications.
How to use ?
data = datasets.load_dataset("Wikit/retrieval-pdf-acl2025")
Additionally, you may want to download the PDF files, available as a .zip archive in the files of this repo.
Cite
The work from which originated the creation of this dataset is currently under submission to a conference.
Details about dataset content and usage
Dataset schema and splits
The dataset is composed of two splits : chunks.single and chunks.multi:
- chunk.single: each query can be answered with only one passage of the PDF corpus
- chunk.multi: each query needs multiple passages, sometimes from different pages to be answers
Both splits have de same schema:
- query (str): the query
- source_file (list[str]): the list of files from which the relevant passages are.
- target_pages (list[list[int]]): for each source file, the list of pages from which the relevant passages are. NOTE: page numbers are 0-based ! (the first page of the PDF files is 0) !
- target_passages (list[list[str]]): for each source file, the list of passages (copy-pasted from the PDF file) that answer the query.
Example:
Considering a sample of the dataset which would be:
{
"query": "dummy query ?",
"source_file": ["doc_A.pdf", "doc_B.pdf"],
"target_pages": [[1], [2, 3]],
"taget_passages": [["passage"], ["other passage", "other other passage"]]
}
That means that "dummy query ?" would be answered by "passage" which is on page 1 of doc_A.pdf, by "other passage" which is on page 2 of doc_B.pdf and by "other other passage" which is on page 3 of doc_B.pdf
Usage of the dataset
The provided labeled queries allow to evaluate information retrieval from the parsed and chunked PDF file:
- By checking the source document and source page of a given chunk you can determine if it is likely to be the relevant chunk for the query.
- To confirm that the chunk contains the target text passage, you might want to compute a ROUGE score on unigram between the normalized chunk and target passage.
Regarding the confirmation that the chunk contains the target passage, this might do the trick:
import re
from unidecode import unidecode
def chunk_contains_passage(chunk_text: str, target_passage: str, rouge_threshold: float = .7) -> bool:
"""
Returns True if the text of a target passage is in the chunk.
(rouge_threshold value may be adjusted but values between 0.7 and 0.9 give pretty reliable results).
"""
chunk_text = unidecode(chunk_text.lower())
target_passage = unidecode(target_passage.lower())
target_passage_words = re.findall(r"\w+", target_passage)
rouge_score = [word for word in target_passage_words if word in chunk_text] / len(target_passage_words)
return rouge_score >= rouge_threshold
Licence
CC BY-SA
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