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[ "History (from Greek , \"historia\", meaning \"inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation\") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians.", "Economics (, ) is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term \"economics\" comes from the Ancient Greek from (', pronounced \"eekos\", \"house\") and (', \"custom\" or \"law\"), hence \"rules of the house (hold for good management)\". 'Political economy' was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested \"economics\" as a shorter term for \"economic science\" to establish itself as a separate discipline outside of political science and other social sciences.", "Patriarcha, or The Natural Power of Kings is a 1680 book by the English philosopher Robert Filmer.", "Jacqueline Jones ( born June 17 , 1948 ) , is an American historian . She holds the Walter Prescott Webb Chair in History and Ideas and is Mastin Gentry White Professor of Southern History at the University of Texas at Austin . She is an expert in American social history in addition to writing on economics ( including feminist economics ) , race , and class .", "Feminist economics is the critical study of economics including its methodology, epistemology, history and empirical research, attempting to overcome androcentric (male and patriarchal) biases. It focuses on topics of particular relevance to women, such as care work or occupational segregation (exclusion of women and minorities from certain fields); deficiencies of economic models, such as disregarding intra-household bargaining; new forms of data collection and measurement such as the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), and more gender-aware theories such as the capabilities approach. Feminist economics ultimately seeks to produce a more gender inclusive economics.", "Social history, often called the new social history, is a field of history that looks at the lived experience of the past. In its \"golden age\" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments in Britain, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, while the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%. In the history departments of British and Irish universities in 2014, of the 3410 faculty members reporting, 878 (26%) identified themselves with social history while political history came next with 841 (25%)." ]

[ "ancient greek", "english", "greek", "irish" ]

[ "Homaranismo (the term in Esperanto, usually rendered as \"humanitism\" in English) is a philosophy developed by L. L. Zamenhof. Based largely on the teachings of Hillel the Elder, Zamenhof originally called it Hillelism. He sought to reform Judaism, because he hoped that without the strange dress code and purity requirements, it would no longer be the victim of antisemitic propaganda. The basis of Hillelism is the sentence known as the Golden Rule: \"One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself\".", "Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof (), usually credited as L. L. Zamenhof, was a Polish-Jewish medical doctor, inventor, and writer. He is most widely known for creating Esperanto, the most successful constructed language in the world. He grew up fascinated by the idea of a world without war and believed that this could happen with the help of a new international auxiliary language, which he first developed in 1873 while still in school.", "Lidia Zamenhof ( Esperanto : Lidja ; 1904 -- 1942 ) was a Polish writer , publisher , translator and the youngest daughter of L. L. Zamenhof , the creator of Esperanto , an international auxiliary language . She was born on 29 January 1904 in Warsaw , then in partitioned Poland . She was an active promoter of Esperanto as well as of Homaranismo , a form of religious humanism first defined by her father . Around 1925 she became a member of the Bahá'í Faith . In late 1937 she went to the United States to teach that religion as well as Esperanto . In December 1938 she returned to Poland , where she continued to teach and translated many Bahá'í writings . The exact date in which she was murdered is unclear . In the The Central Database of Shoah Victims ' Names , three conflicting testimonies are given for her exact date of her death : July 5 , October , and September 5 in 1942 . Hence , her exact murder date was in the latter part of 1942 . She was murdered at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust in Poland .", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .", "Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky." ]

[ "include", "ludwik lejzer zamenhof", "reform" ]

[ "Län (Swedish) and lääni (Finnish) refer to the administrative divisions used in Sweden and previously in Finland. The provinces of Finland were abolished on January 1, 2010.", "A cable-stayed bridge has one or more \"towers\" (or \"pylons\"), from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern suspension bridge, where the cables supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges, and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range where cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier if the span were lengthened, while suspension bridge cabling would not be more economical if the span were shortened.", "Uddevalla is a town and the seat of Uddevalla Municipality in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. In 2010, it had a population of 31,212.", "A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 19th century. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world.", "Västergötland, also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature, is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (\"landskap\" in Swedish), situated in the southwest of Sweden.", "Västra Götaland County is a county or \"län\" on the western coast of Sweden. ", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "The Uddevalla Bridge ( Swedish : Uddevallabron ) is a cable - stayed bridge crossing Sunninge sound near Uddevalla in the province of Bohuslän on the west coast of Sweden . The bridge was constructed as part of the rerouting of the European route E06 outside Uddevalla , which reduced traffic congestion in the city and shortened traveling distance by 12.8 km ( 8.0 mi ) .", "A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over , and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework.", "Götaland (also \"Gothia\", \"Gothland\", \"Gothenland\", \"Gautland\" or \"Geatland\") is one of three lands of Sweden and comprises ten provinces. Geographically it is located in the south of Sweden, bounded to the north by Svealand, with the deep woods of Tiveden, Tylöskog and Kolmården marking the border. ", "Dalsland is a Swedish traditional province, or \"landskap\", situated in Götaland in southern Sweden. Lying to the west of Lake Vänern, it is bordered by Värmland to the north, Västergötland to the southeast, Bohuslän to the west, and Norway to the northwest. ", "Bohuslän is a Swedish province in Götaland, on the northernmost part of the country's west coast. It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast, Västergötland to the southeast, the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea to the west, and the county of Østfold, in Norway, to the north.", "Østfold is a county in southeastern Norway, bordering Akershus and southwestern Sweden (Västra Götaland County and Värmland), while Buskerud and Vestfold are on the other side of Oslofjord. The county's administrative seat is Sarpsborg.", "The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or \"shelf\") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .", "Uddevalla Municipality is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Uddevalla.", "The Skagerrak is a strait running between the southeast coast of Norway, the southwest coast of Sweden, and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea." ]

[ "cable", "denmark", "european union", "finland", "germany", "netherlands", "north", "norway", "of", "road", "scandinavia", "south", "southwest", "sweden", "uddevalla municipality", "union", "vestfold", "västergötland", "västra götaland county", "west", "østfold" ]

[ "William I , or in German Wilhelm I ( full name : William Frederick Louis , German : Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig , 22 March 1797 -- 9 March 1888 ) , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia ( 2 January 1861 -- 9 March 1888 ) and the first German Emperor ( 18 January 1871 -- 9 March 1888 ) , as well as the first Head of State of a united Germany . Under the leadership of William and his Minister President Otto von Bismarck , Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire . Despite his long support of Otto von Bismarck as Minister President , however , William held strong reservations about some of Bismarck 's more reactionary policies , including his anti-Catholicism and tough handling of subordinates . Contrary to the aggressive , domineering Bismarck , William was described as polite , gentlemanly , and while a staunch conservative , more open to certain classical liberal ideas than his grandson Wilhelm II.", "The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in the German language as the ' and also referred to as the Four Powers, was a military occupation governing body of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany and Austria after the end of World War II in Europe. The members were the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom; France was later added with a vote, but had no duties. The organization was based in Berlin-Schöneberg. The Council was convened to determine several plans for post-War Europe, including how to change borders and transfer populations in Eastern Europe and Germany.", "Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and centred on the region of Prussia. For centuries, the House of ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin, shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 191819. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republicthe Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945. Prussia existed \"\" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.", "A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word \"republic\" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word \"republic\" in their names.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.", "A president is the leader of a country or a division or part of a country, typically a republic, a democracy, or a dictatorship. The title \"president\" is sometimes used by extension for leaders of other groups, including corporate entities and social groups.", "In politics, a figurehead is a person who holds \"de jure\" (in name or by law) an important title or office (often supremely powerful), yet \"de facto\" (in reality) executes little actual power. The metaphor derives from the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship. Commonly cited figureheads include Queen Elizabeth II, who is Queen of sixteen Commonwealth realms and head of the Commonwealth, but has no power over the nations in which she is not head of state and does not exercise power in her own realms on her own initiative. Other figureheads are the Emperor of Japan, the King of Sweden, or presidents in majority of parliamentary republics, such as the President of India, President of Israel, President of Bangladesh, President of Greece, President of Germany, President of Pakistan (starting in 2010), and President of China (without CPC General Secretary and Chairman of CMC posts).", "German nationalism is the nationalist idea that Germans are a nation and promotes the unity of Germans into a nation state. The earliest origins of German nationalism began with the birth of Romantic nationalism during the Napoleonic Wars when Pan-Germanism started to rise. Advocacy of a German nation began to become an important political force in response to the invasion of German territories by France under Napoleon. After the rise and fall of Nazi Germany during World War II, German nationalism has been generally viewed in the country as taboo. However, during the Cold War, German nationalism arose that supported the reunification of East and West Germany that was achieved in 1990.", "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France (194044) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (194446). In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the 18th President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, primarily led and financed by the United Kingdom. The wars resulted from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars, which had raged on for years before concluding with the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. The resumption of hostilities the following year paved the way for more than a decade of constant warfare often categorized into five conflicts: the War of the Third Coalition (1805), the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-7), the War of the Fifth Coalition (1809), the War of the Sixth Coalition (1813), and the War of the Seventh Coalition (1815). The Napoleonic Wars had profound consequences for global and European history, leading to the spread of nationalism and liberalism, the rise of the British Empire as the world's premier power, the independence movements in Latin America and the collapse of the Spanish Empire, the fundamental reorganization of German and Italian territories into larger states, and the establishment of radically new methods in warfare. ", "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. She is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.", "The Free State of Prussia was a German state formed after the abolition of the Kingdom of Prussia in the aftermath of the First World War. It was the major state of the German Reich during the time of the Weimar Republic, comprising almost (62.5%) of its territory and population. \"Free state\" is another German term for \"republic\" that was coined in contrast to the Latin word, which was associated with the enemy France in the minds of many Germans of that time.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. In developing the current Constitution of France (1958), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody \"the spirit of the nation\" (\"\"). In some countries, typically those with parliamentary governments, the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom). In other countries, the head of state is also the head of government, such as in the U.S., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who, in practice, oversees the executive branch.", "The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked a French attack in order to draw the southern German statesBaden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadtinto an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.", "The Holy Roman Emperor (historically \"\" \"Emperor of the Romans\") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. From an autocracy in Carolingian times the title evolved into an elected monarchy chosen by the Prince-electors. Until the Reformation the Emperor elect (\"imperator electus\") was required to be crowned by the Pope before assuming the imperial title.", "The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War. Unofficially, the \"de facto\" transition of most of the German-speaking populations into a federated organization of states had been developing for some time through alliances formal and informal between princely rulersbut in fits and starts; self-interests of the various parties hampered the process over nearly a century of autocratic experimentation, beginning in the era of the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (1806), and the subsequent rise of German nationalism.", "A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. Of the 193 UN member states, 165 of them are governed as unitary states.", "The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg (\"), it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe.", "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815  30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s, he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states, significantly and deliberately excluding Austria, into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck who \"remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers.\"", "Anti-Catholicism is hostility towards or opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy and adherents.", "The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.27 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history of Western civilisation. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments.", "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as \"Germania\", thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state.", "Head of government is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. The term \"head of government\" is often differentiated from the term \"head of state\", (e.g. as in article 7 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, article 1 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents and the United Nations protocol list), as they may be separate positions, individuals, and/or roles depending on the country.", "The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of Germany's Imperial government with a republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the establishment in August 1919 of a republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic.", "The German Empire (officially ') was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918, when Germany became a federal republic (the Weimar Republic).", "Kaiser is the German word for \"emperor\". Like the Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Roman emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the \"gens\" (clan) \"Julia\", to which Gaius Julius Caesar, the forebear of the first imperial family, belonged. Although the British monarchs styled \"Emperor of India\" were also called \"Kaisar-i-Hind\" in Hindi and Urdu, this word, although ultimately sharing the same Latin origin, is derived from the (\"kaisar\"), not the German \"Kaiser\".", "Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was still \"Deutsches Reich\"; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany.\nA national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the \"Deutsches Reich\" was written, and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries both left- and right-wing); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. The people of Germany blamed the Weimar Republic rather than their wartime leaders for the country's defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles. However, the Weimar Republic government successfully reformed the currency, unified tax policies, and organized the railway system. Weimar Germany eliminated most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles; it never completely met its disarmament requirements, and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the republic, but continued to dispute the Eastern border.", "Nationalism is a complex, multidimensional concept involving a shared communal identification with one's nation. It is a political ideology oriented towards gaining and maintaining self-governance, or full sovereignty, over a territory of historical significance to the group (such as its homeland). Nationalism therefore holds that a nation should govern itself, free from unwanted outside interference, and is linked to the concept of self-determination. Nationalism is further oriented towards developing and maintaining a national identity based on shared characteristics such as culture, language, religion, political goals and/or a belief in a common ancestry. Nationalism therefore seeks to preserve the nation's culture. It often also involves a sense of pride in the nation's achievements, and is closely linked to the concept of patriotism. In these terms, nationalism can be positive or negative.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "The duchy has been held by various countries, including France from 1803 to 1805 and from 1810 to 1814, Prussia from 1805 to 1806, and Westphalia from 1806 to 1810. The kings of Denmark, members of the House of Oldenburg, held the Duchy of Lauenburg from 1814 to 1864, when the territory came under Prussian control in 1864 as a result of the Second Schleswig War, though it was not immediately annexed to Prussia. In 1865, the estates of Saxe-Lauenburg offered rule of the duchy to King William I of Prussia, who accepted the same year, ruling it in personal union until the estates upon decided the merger of their state with Prussia as of July 1, 1876. After the death of the last ruling duke, William I (who after 1870 was also German emperor), in 1888, the now purely honorific title was granted to Otto von Bismarck after his dismissal as Chancellor of Germany in 1890.", "The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR \" ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.", "The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire. A specifically chosen term, it was used between the 18 January 1871 proclamation of King of Prussia and President of the North German Confederation Wilhelm I as \"\"Deutscher Kaiser\"\" and the official abdication of Wilhelm II on 28 November 1918. The Holy Roman Emperor is sometimes also called \"German Emperor\" when the historical context is clear, as derived from the Holy Roman Empire's official post-1512 title of \"Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.\"", "A nation state is a type of state that joins the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation, from which it aims to derive its political legitimacy to rule and potentially its status as a sovereign state.\nA state is specifically a political and geopolitical entity, whilst a nation is a cultural and ethnic one. The term \"nation state\" implies that the two coincide, in that a state has chosen to adopt and endorse a specific cultural group as associated with it." ]

[ "advocacy", "army", "canada", "chancellor", "clergy", "commercial", "duke", "emperor", "general", "guide", "head of state", "historian", "king", "leader", "major", "member", "military", "monarch", "mountain", "nobility", "official", "president", "prince", "religion", "religious", "revolutionary", "ruler", "secretary", "sovereign", "soviet union", "statesman", "ukraine", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Sobrarbe is one of the comarcas of Aragon, Spain. It is located in the northern part of the province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain. Many of its people speak the Aragonese language locally known as \"fabla\".", "Ramiro I (bef. 1007 8 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death. Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona by his mistress Sancha de Aybar. Ramiro was reputed to have been adopted by his father's wife Muniadona after he was the only of his father's children to come to her aid when needed, although there is no surviving record of these events and the story is probably apocryphal.", "Gonzalo Sánchez ( c. 1020 -- 26 June 1043 ) was ruler of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza , two small Pyrenean counties . He was the son of King Sancho III of Navarre and his wife , Mayor of Castile . Before 1035 , Sancho decreed that Gonzalo should rule Sobrarbe and Ribagorza . He succeeded to these domains after his father 's death in that year and ruled them as vassal of his brother García Sánchez III until his death . Gonzalo is thought to have been ineffectual and unpopular , with vassals defecting to his brother , Ramiro I of Aragon , during his own life , and one failing to name him in a list of rulers of Ribagorza written within a decade of his death . The Historia silense ( c. 1115 ) does not mention Gonzalo in its version of the division of Sancho III 's realm . It even records that Ramiro was given the `` remote '' region of Aragon on account of his illegitimacy , despite that Gonzalo 's division was more remote and his legitimacy unquestioned . The anonymous Chronica naierensis ( c. 1200 ) , basing its account entirely on the Silense , likewise knows nothing of Gonzalo and blames Ramiro 's position on his bastardy . An independent source , though influenced by popular legends and ballads , the Liber regum ( c. 1200 ) shows no awareness of Gonzalo . According to a document of 14 April 1035 preserved in San Juan de la Peña recording Sancho 's grant of Aragon to Ramiro , the castle of Loarre and monastery of San Emeterio with their dependent villages were detached from that province and given to Gonzalo . Gonzalo subsequently confirms many charters alongside his brother and they often appear together in dating clauses . With the title of king , Gonzalo appears beside all his brothers and the `` emperor '' Vermudo III of León in the carta de arras of Ramiro ( 22 August 1036 ) . In 1037 Gonzalo was reunited with his brothers García and Ramiro -- and the churchmen Sancho , Bishop of Pamplona ; Paterno , a Cluniac reformer ; and Abbot Blasco of San Juan de la Peña -- to confirm a donation of Jimeno Garcés , Ramiro 's godfather , to the monastery of Leire . In this document García uses the title princeps ( prince ) to indicate his superiority , but Ramiro and Gonzalo use the title regulus ( petty king ) and are referred to as in Aragone ( ( ruling ) in Aragon ) . This meeting probably took place either in Pamplona or in Leire , but neither the day or month is preserved in the records . The use of a royal title in the presence of his elder brother García is evidence that Gonzalo did not usurp it . The three brothers and Ferdinand were all at Anzánigo ( Andizaniku ) in 1037 or perhaps 1043 , after Ferdinand had succeeded to the Kingdom of León . A late source , the Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña , reports his assassination by one of his own knights , Ramonat de Uasconya ( possibly a Gascon named Ramonet ) , who threw him from the bridge over the Esera at Montclús , near Lascorz . He was interred at San Victorián . On his death , García awarded his counties to Ramiro , which initiated several centuries of Aragonese expansionism . Gonzalo 's death on 26 June appears in the necrology of San Victorián , but the year has been subject to much debate . Among the early modern historians , Zurita places it in 1035 and José de Moret in 1042 or 1043 . The Chronicle places it in 1037 , but there is disputed charter of September 1039 confirmed by Gonzalo . As Ramiro confirmed the rights of Bishops of Urgell in Ribagorza in September 1040 , it would appear that Gonzalo was dead by then . Pérez de Urbel thus places it between December 1039 and September 1040 and casts doubt on the dates of several documents mentioning Gonzalo after 1040 ( a donation of Blasquita from 1041 , a charter of Ramiro 's from 1042 , and a donation of Ramiro to Atón Garcés in 1043 ) . Accepting these , Ubieto Arteta places Gonzalo 's assassination in 1046 . Nelson gives reason to believe that it was 1043 .", "Sancho Garcés III (Basque: \"Antso III.a Gartzez\"; c. 990 18 October 1035), also known as Sancho III of Pamplona and nicknamed \"the Great\", was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 1004 until his death in 1035. He also ruled by marriage the counties of Castile, Álava and Monzón, which later expanded with the acquisition of the County of Cea in 1030 and the counties of Sobrarbe (1015) and Ribagoza (1018). He would later intervene in the Kingdom of León, taking the capital city.", "Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla." ]

[ "count", "father", "king", "mistress", "sovereign" ]

[ "Tychy (former ) is a city in Silesia, Poland, approximately south of Katowice. Situated on the southern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial district, the city borders Katowice to the north, Mikoów to the west, Bieru to the east and Kobiór to the south. The Gostynia river, a tributary of the Vistula, flows through Tychy.", "Lesser Poland (Polish: \"Maopolska\", Latin: \"Polonia Minor\") is a historical region (\"dzielnica\") of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.", "The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains).", "Silesia (or ; Silesian German: \"Schläsing\" Silesian: \"lnsk\" ) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is about , and its population about 8,000,000. Silesia is located along the Oder river. It consists of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych, commonly known as FSO, was a Polish automobile manufacturer, located in Warsaw. The company ceased to exist in March 2011. By November 2011 the former assembly buildings were dismantled and the factory test track was sold for other use.", "The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.", "The Fabryka Samochodów Maolitraowych, commonly known as FSM, was a Polish automobile factory born from an agreement between the FSO and Fiat in the 1970s for the construction of a new model, the Polski Fiat 126p, Polish version of Fiat 126. For the project a new manufacturing plant was opened in Tychy. The factory also produced until the beginning of the 1980s the FSO Syrena a model of another Polish factory FSO. The FSM brand was active between 1972 and 1991, when it was privatised and Fiat Group took control of it.", "Bielsko-Biaa is a city in Southern Poland with the population of approx. 174,000 (December 2013). The city is a centre of the approx. 325,000 large and is a major industrial (particularly automotive), transport and touristic hub. Neighbouring the Beskid Mountains to the south, Bielsko-Biaa is composed of two former cities on opposite banks of the Biaa River, Silesian Bielsko and Lesser Poland's Biaa, merged in 1951.", "Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .", "The Syrena was a Polish automobile model first exhibited at the Pozna Trade Fair in 1955 and manufactured from 1957 to 1972 by the Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych ( FSO ) in Warsaw and from 1972 to 1983 by Fabryka Samochodów Maolitraowych ( FSM ) in Bielsko - Biaa . 177,234 were made by FSO and 344,077 by FSM , a total of 521,311 . During its remarkably long production run it underwent only minor modifications . The Syrena was produced in various models : 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , while the most popular model was the 105 . All were 2 - door sedans with two - stroke engines , initially of two cylinders . In 1965 the Syrena received a larger 3 cylinder engine . From 1968 a prototype model named laminat was produced . A van called Syrena Bosto and a pick - up R20 were also produced . A coupe Syrena Sport and a hatchback Syrena 110 ( in 1966 ) remained prototypes only . A Siren is a mermaid who , according to the legend , protects the river Wisa and the Polish capital city , Warsaw . She is featured on the city 's coat of arms . Also a diminutive name Syrenka ( little siren ) is commonly used for the car in Poland ." ]

[ "agreement", "agriculture", "area", "automobile", "automobile manufacturer", "bay", "brand", "capital", "city", "company", "country", "dzielnica", "economic union", "exclave", "factory", "fair", "force", "limited", "manufacturing", "march", "market", "mediterranean sea", "member", "metropolitan", "model", "mountain", "oblast", "plain", "plant", "population", "production", "range", "region", "republic", "river", "sea", "state", "track", "trade fair", "transport", "two", "union", "unitary state" ]

[ "BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927). The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of musical genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs and interests. It also oversees online audio content.", "The BBC Home Service was a British national radio station that broadcast from 1939 until 1967, when it became the current BBC Radio 4.", "Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.", "A radio station is a set of equipment necessary to carry on communication via radio waves. Generally, it is a receiver or transmitter, an antenna, and some smaller additional equipment necessary to operate them. Radio stations play a vital role in communication technology as they are heavily relied on to transfer data and information across the world.", "Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian, or simply a stand-up. In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine, or act. Some stand-up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to \"enhance\" their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres. Outside of live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.", "Political satire is a significant part of satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where such arguments are expressly forbidden.", "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.", "Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC, in Portland Place and Langham Place, London. The first radio broadcast was made on 15 March 1932, and the building was officially opened two months later, on 15 May. The main building is in Art Deco style, with a facing of Portland stone over a steel frame. It is a Grade II* listed building and includes the BBC Radio Theatre, where music and speech programmes are recorded in front of a studio audience, and lobby that was used as a location for filming the 1998 BBC television series \"In the Red\".", "Herman Northrop Frye (July 14, 1912 January 23, 1991) was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century.", "A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.", "Omar Raza ( born 5 December 1988 ) is a Scottish actor . He is best known for his role as Sanjay Majhu in the BBC Radio 4 comedy Fags , Mags and Bags , which began airing in 2007 .", "Irony, in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case. Irony may be divided into categories such as verbal, dramatic, and situational.\nVerbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one's meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.", "London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it \"Londinium\". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, \"London\" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.", "Fags, Mags and Bags is a Scottish radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Its first series was nominated for a Sony Radio Award.", "In a modern sense, comedy (from the , \"kmidía\") refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, and stand-up comedy. The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece. In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict. Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a \"Society of Youth\" and a \"Society of the Old\". A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes. In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.", "Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program (\"TV show\"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.", "BBC Radio 4 is a radio station owned and operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history. It replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. The station controller is Gwyneth Williams; and the station is part of BBC Radio and the \"BBC Radio\" department. The station is broadcast from the BBC's headquarters at Broadcasting House, London.", "Laughter is a physical reaction in humans and some other species of primate, consisting typically of rhythmical, often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system. It is a response to certain external or internal stimuli. Laughter can arise from such activities as being tickled, or from humorous stories or thoughts. Most commonly, it is considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states, such as joy, mirth, happiness, relief, etc. On some occasions, however, it may be caused by contrary emotional states such as embarrassment, apology, or confusion such as nervous laughter or courtesy laugh. Age, gender, education, language, and culture are all factors as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation." ]

[ "advertising", "broadcaster", "comedian", "computer", "entertainment", "literary", "literary theorist", "major", "primate", "public service", "radio", "science", "social criticism", "television", "united kingdom" ]

[ "The Hong Kong Football Association Limited, often abbreviated to the HKFA, is the governing body of association football in Hong Kong. Its current chairman is Brian Leung Hung-Tak and its Chief Executive Officer is Mark Sutcliffe.", "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.", "The 2003 Lunar New Year Cup ( aka Carlsberg Cup ) was a football tournament held in Hong Kong over the first and fourth day of the Chinese New Year holiday ( 1 February 2003 and 4 February 2003 ) .", "The Pearl River Delta (PRD), also known as Zhujiang Delta or Zhusanjiao, is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most densely urbanised regions in the world and is an economic hub of China. This region is often considered an emerging megacity. The PRD is a megalopolis, with future development into a single mega metropolitan area, yet itself is at the southern end of a larger megalopolis running along the southern coast of China, which include metropolises such as Chaoshan, Zhangzhou-Xiamen, Quanzhou-Putian, and Fuzhou. The nine largest cities of PRD had a combined population of 57.15 million at the end of 2013, comprising 53.69% of the provincial population. According to the World Bank Group, the PRD has become the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.", "The Lunar New Year Cup, previously known as the Carlsberg Challenge or the Carlsberg Cup, is an annual football tournament organised in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Football Association (HKFA) since 1908. It is usually held on the first and the fourth day of the Chinese New Year as a part of the new year celebrations. The tournament was called the Carlsberg Cup from 1986 to1989, from 1993 to 2006 as Carlsberg was the major sponsor of the event." ]

[ "association football", "football", "running" ]

[ "Nutcracker Fantasy marks as the first stop-motion project by Sanrio, followed by \"Hello Kitty's Stump Village\" 37 years later. The film's overall animation style is reminiscent of the early Rankin-Bass Film Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. A remastered version of the film was announced by Sanrio, with an advanced screening at the 27th Tokyo International Film Festival in October 29, 2014 and released formally in theaters in November 29, 2014 as part of \"Hello Kitty\"'s 40th anniversary.", "Besides selling character goods, Sanrio takes part in movie production and publishing. They own the rights to both the Peanuts and Mr. Men characters in Japan. Their animatronics branch, called Kokoro Company, Ltd. (\"Kokoro\" being Japanese for \"heart\"), is best known for the Actroid android. They participate in the fast food industry, running a franchise of KFC in Saitama.", "Shintaro Tsuji ( Tsuji Shintar , born 1927 ) is the founder of Sanrio Co. , Ltd. . Tsuji founded Sanrio , the Tokyo - based character - branded merchandise company , in 1960 . He has also served as producer for the anime movies Sanrio made from 1977 to 1985 , and is also a storywriter . Some of his stories include Nutcracker Fantasy ( Kurumiwari Ningyo aka The Nutcracker , his adaptation of E.T.A. Hoffmann 's `` The Nutcracker and the Mouse King '' ) , The Sea Prince and the Fire Child ( Sirius no Densetsu aka The Legend of Sirius ) , and A Journey Through Fairyland ( Yosei Florence aka Florence the Fairy ) , all of which have been made into animated movies by Sanrio . Tsuji has also created a few Sanrio characters himself , including the Little Twin Stars .", "Summary.\nA gentle and talented boy named Michael played beautiful music on his oboe, and his greatest love was to play for and tend to the flowers in the greenhouse at the school of music where he attended. Unfortunately, his gardening made him constantly late for orchestra practice and resulted in his dismissal from the school. When Michael fell asleep that same night, he was awakened by a dainty Flower Fairy named Florence, who would take him on an enchanted journey to a land where flowers came alive, treble notes were mischievous, and adventure beckoned. There, he would soon come to realize that his love of flowers and desire to become a great musician could go hand-in-hand and help him to become focused in life and discover himself." ]

[ "florence", "japan" ]

[ "The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth that took place towards the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of the sovereign Poland for 123 years. The partitions were conducted by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures.", "Napoleon Bonaparte (\"Napoléon Bonaparte\"; , born \"\"Napoleone di Buonaparte\"\"; 15 August 1769 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.", "Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.", "Nesvizh (, Niasviž ) is a city in Belarus. It is the administrative center of the Nesvizh District (\"rajon\") of Minsk Province and location of the Nesvizh Castle World Heritage Site. Its 2009 population is 14,300.", "The Ottoman Empire ('; Modern Turkish: ' or '), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey, was an empire founded at the end of the thirteenth century in northwestern Anatolia in the vicinity of Bilecik and Söüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans the Ottoman Beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.", "The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden's territorial control of much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries, a time when Sweden was one of the great European powers. The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, who ascended the throne in 1611, and the end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War. In Swedish history, the period is referred to as \"stormaktstiden\", literally meaning \"the Great Power era\".", "The PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. The union was formalized by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de-facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King \"jure uxoris\" Wadysaw II Jagieo of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the nation's size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.", "Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "Niasvizh Castle or Nesvizh Castle (, ) is a residential castle of the Radziwi family in Nesvizh, Belarus. It is above sea level.", "Yosef Dov Soloveitchik ( b. 1820 in Nesvizh , Minsk Governorate , Russian Empire ; d.1892 in Brest - Litovsk , Grodno Governorate , Russian Empire ) was the author of Beis Halevi , by which name he is better known among Talmudic scholars . He was the great - grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin .", "The Minsk Governorate or Government of Minsk was a governorate (\"guberniya\") of the Russian Empire. The seat was in Minsk. It was created in 1793 from the land acquired in the partitions of Poland, and lasted until 1921.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "The Grodno Governorate, (, ) was a governorate (\"guberniya\") of the Russian Empire.", "Minsk (; is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Nyamiha rivers. It is the administrative centre of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). As the national capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk raion (district). In 2013, it had a population of 2,002,600." ]

[ "austria", "belarus", "british", "earth", "france", "grand duchy of lithuania", "ottoman empire", "poland", "russia", "russian empire", "slovakia", "sweden", "turkey", "ukraine" ]

[ "Comhairle nan Eilean Siar is the local government council for \"Na h-Eileanan Siar\" council area of Scotland, comprising the Outer Hebrides.", "Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.", "The Outer Hebrides, also known as the Western Isles (Scottish Gaelic: ' or ' ), \"Innse Gall\" (\"islands of the strangers\") or the Long Isle or Long Island (Gaelic: \"An t-Eilean Fada\"), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. The islands are geographically coextensive with Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. They form part of the Hebrides, separated from the Scottish mainland and from the Inner Hebrides by the waters of the Minch, the Little Minch and the Sea of the Hebrides. Scottish Gaelic is the predominant spoken language, although in a few areas English speakers form a majority.", "The Sea of the Hebrides is a portion of the North Atlantic Ocean, located off the coast of western Scotland, separating the mainland and the northern Inner Hebrides islands (to the east) from the southern Outer Hebrides islands (to the west). To the north, the Sea of the Hebrides joins The Minch.", "Lewis (, also Isle of Lewis) is the northern part of Lewis and Harris, the largest island of the Western Isles or Outer Hebrides (an archipelago in Scotland). The total area of Lewis is .", "Barvas (Scottish Gaelic: \"Barabhas\" or \"Barbhas\") is a settlement, community and civil parish on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland.", "An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word \"archipelago\" is derived from the Greek \"- arkhi-\" (\"chief\") and \" pélagos\" (\"sea\") through the Italian \"arcipelago\". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek \"*\" and Latin \"archipelagus\") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.", "Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides make up the largest island in Scotland. The island is the third largest in the British Isles, after Great Britain and Ireland.", "The Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: \"Innse Gall\"; Old Norse: \"Suðreyjar\") comprise a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland. There are two main groups: the Inner and Outer Hebrides. These islands have a long history of occupation dating back to the Mesolithic, and the culture of the residents has been affected by the successive influences of Celtic, Norse, and English-speaking peoples. This diversity is reflected in the names given to the islands, which are derived from the languages that have been spoken there in historic and perhaps prehistoric times.", "Skigersta is a village to the south east of Ness on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Skigersta is situated within the parish of Barvas. There is a quay built in 1901 and a shingle beach. Skigersta was a location for fish curing in the 19th century with the ruins of the curing bothies still visible next to the river and a man-made channel in the shoreline allowing easier access for the boats. The area of Skigersta near the shore is called 'Lachamore'.", "Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to as Gaelic (\" ), is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish.", "Eorodale ( Scottish Gaelic : Eòradal ) is a settlement in the community of Ness , on Lewis , in the Outer Hebrides , Scotland . Eorodale is within the parish of Barvas , and is situated on the B8015 between Lionel and Skigersta .", "The Inner Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: \"Na h-Eileanan a-staigh\", \"the inner isles\") is an archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides. Together these two island chains form the Hebrides, which experience a mild oceanic climate. The Inner Hebrides comprise 35 inhabited islands as well as 44 uninhabited islands with an area greater than . The main commercial activities are tourism, crofting, fishing and whisky distilling. In modern times the Inner Hebrides have formed part of two separate local government jurisdictions, one to the north and the other to the south. Together, the islands have an area of about , and had a population of 18,948 in 2011. The population density is therefore about 4.6 per km (12 per square mile)." ]

[ "addition", "archipelago", "area", "century", "chain", "channel", "civil parish", "cluster", "collection", "council", "country", "england", "group", "island", "language", "local government", "member", "name", "occupation", "ocean", "parish", "part", "river", "scottish", "sea", "settlement", "tradition", "two", "village", "whisky" ]

[ "The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (abbreviated ARMM) is an autonomous region of the Philippines, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that consists of five predominantly Muslim provinces: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. It is the only region that has its own government. The region's \"de facto\" seat of government is Cotabato City, although this self-governing city is outside of its jurisdiction.", "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.", "The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea east and northeast of the Philippines occupying an estimated surface area of 5 million km² (2 million mi²). of the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by the Philippine archipelago (Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao) on the southwest; Halmahera, Morotai, Palau, Yap, and Ulithi (of the Carolines) on the southeast; the Marianas, including Guam, Saipan, and Tinian, on the east; the Bonin and Iwo Jima on the northeast; the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kysh on the north; the Ryukyu Islands on the northwest; and Taiwan in the west.", "Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines and the 15th largest in the world. Located in the northern region of the archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as well as Quezon City, the country's most populous. With a population of 52.99 million , it is the fourth most populous island in the world (after Java, Honshu, and Great Britain), containing about 53% of the country's total population.", "Quezon City ( also known as QC) is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it to replace Manila as the national capital for 28 years from 1948 to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province, which was also named after the president. It is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area and most populated local government unit in the country.", "Manila (or ), officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines.", "Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.", "Tawi-Tawi (Chavacano: \"Provincia de Tawi-Tawi\") is an island province in the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The capital of Tawi-Tawi is Bongao, per Batas Pambansa Blg. 24 enacted on April 4, 1979.", "Mindanao is the second largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country (the other two being Luzon and the Visayas), consisting of the island of Mindanao and smaller outlying islands. Davao City is the largest city in Mindanao. As of the 2010 census, the island's population itself is 20,281,545 people, while the Mindanao island group has 21,968,174 inhabitants. Davao City is the most populous in Mindanao as 1,632,991 population, and the 2nd is Zamboanga City as 861,799 population, the 3rd is Cagayan de Oro City as 675,950 population, and followed by General Santos City as 594,446 population as of 2015 census.", "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:", "Metropolitan Manila, commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila, is the capital region of the Philippines, is the seat of government, the 2nd most populous and the most densely populated region of the country. The National Capital Region (NCR) is composed of Manila, the capital city of the country, Quezon City, the country's most populous city, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, including the only remaining municipality of Pateros.", "The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around . The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping sailing through its waters and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed.", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "A Muslim is someone who follows or practises Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran (Koran), their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (\"sunnah \") as recorded in traditional accounts (\"hadith\"). \"Muslim\" is an Arabic word meaning \"one who submits (to God)\".", "The Celebes Sea of the western Pacific Ocean is bordered on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea and Mindanao Island of the Philippines, on the east by the Sangihe Islands chain, on the south by Sulawesi's Minahassa Peninsula, and on the west by Kalimantan in Indonesia. It extends 420 miles (675 km) north-south by 520 miles (837 km) east-west and has a total surface area of , to a maximum depth of . The sea opens southwest through the Makassar Strait into the Java Sea.", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "The Visayas or the Visayan Islands (Visayan: \"Kabisay-an\", ), is one of the three principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. It consists of several islands, primarily surrounding the Visayan Sea, although the Visayas are considered the northeast extremity of the entire Sulu Sea. Its inhabitants are predominantly the Visayan people.", "Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.", "Panglima Sugala ( formerly known as Balimbing ) is a third income class municipality in the province of Tawi - Tawi , Philippines . It is the capital municipality of Tawi - Tawi . According to the 2010 census , it has a population of 38,704 people . The municipality was renamed from Balimbing to Panglima Sugala as per Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 7 , enacted on July 4 , 1991 , and approved by the Regional Governor on September 9 , 1991 .", "An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46 (approximately 24%) of the 193 UN member states are island countries.", "Palau (historically Belau or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 250 islands, forming the western chain of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia, and has an area of . The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located on the nearby island of Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia.", "Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people." ]

[ "as", "asia", "australia", "beijing", "bongao", "cagayan de oro", "celebes sea", "chongqing", "cotabato city", "davao city", "east", "general santos", "guangzhou", "hong kong", "indonesia", "isabela", "isabela city", "island", "java sea", "leyte", "major", "makassar strait", "makati", "malaysia", "manila", "metro manila", "most", "national capital region", "navotas", "north", "northern region", "northwest", "pacific ocean", "palau", "pasig", "putrajaya", "quezon city", "south", "southwest", "sulu sea", "sur", "taiwan", "tianjin", "vietnam" ]

[ "The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scientific method as \"a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses\". Experiments need to be designed to test hypotheses. The most important part of the scientific method is the experiment.", "The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term \"Ivy League\" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.", "Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.", "A planetary nebula, often abbreviated as PN or plural PNe, is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. The word \"nebula\" is Latin for mist or cloud, and the term \"planetary nebula\" is a misnomer that originated in the 1780s with astronomer William Herschel because when viewed through his telescope, these objects resemble the rounded shapes of planets. Herschel's name for these objects was popularly adopted and has not been changed. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years.", "Human science is the study and interpretation of the experiences, activities, constructs, and artifacts associated with human beings. The study of the human sciences attempts to expand and enlighten the human being's knowledge of their existence, its interrelationship with other species and systems, and the development of artifacts to perpetuate the human expression and thought. It is the study of human phenomena. The study of the human experience is historical and current in nature. It requires the evaluation and interpretation of the historic human experience and the analysis of current human activity to gain an understanding of human phenomena and to project the outlines of human evolution. Human science is the objective, informed critique of human existence and how it relates to reality.", "An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various colors. The most common source of ionization is high-energy photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them.", "Pedagogy is the discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education; it thus concerns the study of how best to teach. Spanning a broad range of practice, its aims range from furthering liberal education (the general development of human potential) to the narrower specifics of vocational education (the imparting and acquisition of specific skills).", "Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. It in turn has many branches, each of which is considered a \"social science\". The main social sciences include economics, political science, human geography, demography, and sociology. In a wider sense, social science also includes some fields in the humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, history, and linguistics. The term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the field of sociology, the original 'science of society', established in the 19th century. A more detailed list of sub-disciplines within the social sciences can be found at Outline of social science.", "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.", "Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community. The learners may be children, college students, or adults within the general public; the field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.", "Eric J. Chaisson is an American astrophysicist best known for his research , teaching , and writing on the interdisciplinary science of cosmic evolution , a large public - domain web site for which can be accessed here . ( Closely related subjects include epic of evolution , big history , and astrobiology ) . He is also noted for his telescopic observations of interstellar clouds and emission nebulae of the Milky Way Galaxy , his empirical attempt to unify complexity science utilizing the technical concept of energy rate density , and his global leadership in improving science education nationally and internationally . He conducts research at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and teaches natural science at Harvard University .", "A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate \"real world\" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. " ]

[ "academic", "astronomer", "faculty", "jurisprudence", "major", "pedagogy", "research", "science" ]

[ "Homes Under the Hammer is a British factual renovation and auction series that originally screened on BBC One as part of the BBC's morning television schedule, the series has been running since May 2003. It is presented by Lucy Alexander (20032017), Martin Roberts (2003), and Dion Dublin (2015), with Marc Woodward and Jasmine Birtles alternating presenting duties with Alexander and Roberts during series three (2005). The series is the BBC's most successful show in the 10.00am slot, regularly attaining a 30% market share for new episodes.", "BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service, and was the world's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution. It was renamed BBC TV in 1960, using this name until the launch of sister channel BBC2 in 1964, whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1, with the current spelling adopted in 1997.", "Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news operation based in Britain. Originally a 24-hour television news channel in the UK, Sky News now provides rolling news on television, online, and on a range of mobile devices. Sky News emphasises breaking news. John Ryley is the Head of \"Sky News\", a role he has held since June 2006.", "A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a small computing device, typically, small enough to hold and operate in the hand and having an operating system capable of running mobile apps. These may provide a diverse range of functions. Typically, the device will have a display screen with a small numeric or alphanumeric keyboard or a touchscreen providing a virtual keyboard and buttons (icons) on-screen. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or near field communication (NFC). Integrated cameras, digital media players, mobile phone and GPS capabilities are common. Power is typically provided by a lithium battery. ", "The Royal Television Society, or RTS, is a British-based educational charity for the discussion, and analysis of television in all its forms, past, present and future. It is the oldest television society in the world. It currently has thirteen regional and national centres in the UK, as well as a branch in the Republic of Ireland.", "Independent Television News (ITN) is a British-based news and content provider. It is made up of three divisions: ITN News, ITN Source and ITN Productions. ITN is based in London, with bureaux and offices in Beijing, Brussels, Jerusalem, Johannesburg, New York, Paris, Sydney and Washington DC.", "The National Television Awards (often shortened to NTAs or The Let's Arse-Lick Ant & Dec Awards) is a British television awards ceremony, broadcast by the ITV network and initiated in 1995. The National Television Awards are the most prominent ceremony for which the results are voted on by the general public.", "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.", "BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online news coverage. The service maintains 50 foreign news bureaux with more than 250 correspondents around the world. James Harding has been Director of News and Current Affairs since April 2013.", "Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK-wide TV channel for the first time.", "Lucy Katherine Alexander (born 27 February 1971) is an English television presenter.", "Channel 4 News is the main news programme on British television broadcaster Channel 4. It is produced by ITN, and has been in operation since Channel 4's launch in November 1982.", "The Wright Stuff is a British television chat show, hosted by Matthew Wright, and airing on Channel 5 each weekday morning from 9:15 to 11:15am. The series characterises itself as \"Britain's brightest daytime show\", which \"gives ordinary people the chance to talk and comment on everything such as news to the social, emotional and even sexual issues back at home\", as well as featuring \"showbiz stars and media commentators\". \"The Wright Stuff\" has been nominated as \"Best Daytime Programme\" at both the Royal Television Society and the National Television Awards.", "The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television (ITV and Channel 4 and limited satellite television regulation cable television was the responsibility of the Cable Authority) and commercial and independent radio broadcasts. The IBA came into being when the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 gave the Independent Television Authority responsibility for organising the new Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations. Independent Television Commission formally replaced the IBA on 1 January 1991 in regulatory terms, however the Authority itself was not officially dissolved until 2003.", "Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material.", "Jasmine Birtles ( born 1962 ) is an internationally recognised finance expert , financial and business commentator , journalist , TV presenter and radio presenter , author and humourist . Her consumer website Moneymagpie focuses on making and saving money . She is a familiar voice on radio and television , making regular appearances on Good Morning Britain , BBC Breakfast , BBC News , This Morning , The Wright Stuff , Channel 4 News , Channel 5 News and Sky News . She has presented numerous TV programmes including Homes Under the Hammer , STV 's Spend Spend Spend as well as First Time Buyers and Doctor Dosh for UKTV Style .", "Channel Four Television Corporation (informally Channel Four) is a publicly owned media company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its original and principal activity is the British national television network Channel 4. ", "Simulcast, a portmanteau of simultaneous broadcast, is the broadcasting of programs or events across more than one medium, or more than one service on the same medium, at exactly the same time. For example, Absolute Radio is simulcast on both AM and on satellite radio, and the BBC's Prom concerts were formerly simulcast on both BBC Radio 3 and BBC Television. Another application is the transmission of the original-language soundtrack of movies or TV series over local or Internet radio, with the television broadcast having been dubbed into a local language.", "BBC Breakfast is a national British morning television news programme simulcast on BBC One and BBC News. It is presented live from MediaCityUK and contains a mixture of breaking news, news, sport, weather, business and feature items. The programme is broadcast seven days a week, every week of the year, including weekends and public holidays.", "Breaking news, interchangeably termed latebreaking news and also known as a special report or special coverage or news bulletin, is a current issue that broadcasters feel warrants the interruption of scheduled programming and/or current news in order to report its details. Its use is also assigned to the most significant story of the moment or a story that is being covered live. It could be a story that is simply of wide interest to viewers and has little impact otherwise. Many times, breaking news is used after the news organization has already reported on the story. When a story has not been reported on previously, the graphic and phrase \"Just In\" is sometimes used instead." ]

[ "author", "broadcaster", "commercial", "computer", "doctor", "entertainment", "expert", "journalist", "multimedia", "programming", "public service", "radio", "television", "television presenter", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Brennania is a genus of fly in family Tabanidae . It contains the following species : Brennania belkini ( Philip , 1966 ) Brennania hera ( Osten Sacken , 1877 )", "True flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek \"di\" = two, and \"ptera\" = wings. Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings being reduced to club-like balancing organs known as halteres. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described.", "Insects (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], \"cut into sections\") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.", "In dipterous insects, halteres (singular halter or haltere) are minute dumbbell-shaped organs that have been modified from hindwings to provide a means of encoding body rotations during flight. Halteres are rapidly oscillated simultaneously with the wings, allowing them to experience forces resulting from body rotations. If the body of the insect rotates about one of its three axes (yaw, pitch or roll), the rotation exerts a force on the vibrating halteres this is known as the Coriolis effect (see below). The insect detects this force with sensory organs called campaniform sensilla and chordotonal organs located at the base of the halteres and uses this information to interpret and correct its position in space. Halteres act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles, as well as those responsible for stabilizing the head. This is what allows flies to perform their fast acrobatic maneuvers." ]

[ "diptera", "insects", "thorax" ]

[ "The Rio Grande (or or simply Río Bravo) is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Colorado River). The Rio Grande begins in south-central Colorado in the United States and flows to the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way, it forms part of the MexicoUnited States border. According to the International Boundary and Water Commission, its total length was in the late 1980s, though course shifts occasionally result in length changes. Depending on how it is measured, the Rio Grande is the fourth- or fifth-longest river system in North America.", "The Municipality of Nuevo Laredo is located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas . Its municipal seat is Nuevo Laredo . The municipality contains more than 60 localities which the most important ones are Nuevo Laredo , El Campanario y Oradel , and Álvarez , the last two being suburbs of the city of Nuevo Laredo . By population , the municipality is the third largest in the state of Tamaulipas ( behind Reynosa and Matamoros respectively ) . The Nuevo Laredo municipality is the northernmost in Tamaulipas , lying at the extreme northwestern tip of its narrow strip of land along the Río Grande . The city of Nuevo Laredo contains approximately 97.5 % of the total population of the municipality .", "Mexico City, officially City of Mexico (, ; abbreviated as \"CDMX\"), is the capital and most populous city of the United Mexican States. As an \"alpha\" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (\"Valle de México\"), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of . The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs).", "A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French \"conté\" or \"cunté\" denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount. The modern French is \"comté\", and its equivalents in other languages are \"contea\", \"contado\", \"comtat\", \"condado\", \"Grafschaft\", \"graafschap\", \"Gau\", etc. (cf. \"conte\", \"comte\", \"conde\", \"Graf\").", "An administrative division, unit, entity, area or region, also referred to as a subnational entity, constituent unit, or country subdivision, is a portion of a country or other region delineated for the purpose of administration. Administrative divisions are granted a certain degree of autonomy and are usually required to manage themselves through their own local governments. Countries are divided up into these smaller units to make managing their land and the affairs of their people easier. For example, a country may be divided into provinces, which, in turn, are divided into counties, which, in turn, may be divided in whole or in part into municipalities; and so on.", "Laredo is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. According to the 2010 census, the city population was 236,091, making it the tenth-most populous city in the state of Texas and third-most populated on the MexicoUnited States border, after San Diego, California, and El Paso, Texas. Its metropolitan area is the 178th-largest in the \nU.S. and includes all of Webb County, with a population of 250,304. Laredo is also part of the cross-border Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 636,516.", "The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces. The current President is Enrique Peña Nieto, who took office on December 1, 2012.", "Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.", "Ciudad Victoria, is the capital city of the Mexican state of \nTamaulipas. It is located in the western-central region of the state. Ciudad Victoria is also the municipal seat of the surrounding Victoria Municipality, which covers an area of 1,638 km² (632.4 sq mi). According to the 2010 INEGI population count, the city had 305,155 inhabitants, and the Victoria Municipality had a population of 321,953. The city and the municipality both rank fourth in population size in the state, behind Reynosa, Matamoros, and Nuevo Laredo.", "Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico.", "Nuevo Laredo is a city located in the Municipality of Nuevo Laredo in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. The city lies on the banks of the Rio Grande, across from the United States city of Laredo, Texas. The 2010 census population of the city was 373,725. Nuevo Laredo is part of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area with a total population of 636,516. The municipality has an area of 1,334.02 km² (515.07 sq mi). Both the city and the municipality rank as the third largest in the state.", "A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.", "Guadalupe Victoria (29 September 1786 21 March 1843), born José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, was a Mexican general and political leader who fought for independence against the Spanish Empire in the Mexican War of Independence. He was a deputy in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies for Durango and a member of the Supreme Executive Power following the downfall of the First Mexican Empire. After the adoption of the Constitution of 1824, Victoria was elected as the first President of the United Mexican States.", "A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term \"municipality\" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French \"municipalité\" and Latin \"municipalis\"." ]

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[ "The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch. Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012. Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013. Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.", "Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development the process and related disciplines of creating video games. A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines, such as programming, design, art, testing, etc. Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support. Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games.", "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.", "The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated as PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4, 2000 in Japan, October 26, 2000 in North America, November 24, 2000 in Europe, and November 17, 2000 in Australia. It competed with Sega's Dreamcast, Microsoft's Xbox, and Nintendo's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles.", "A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.", "A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of humancomputer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.", "The is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27, 1998 in Japan, September 9, 1999 in North America, and October 14, 1999 in Europe. It was the first in the sixth generation of video game consoles, preceding Sony's PlayStation 2, Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox. The Dreamcast was Sega's final home console, marking the end of the company's 18 years in the console market.", "An electronic game is a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video game is the most common form today, and for this reason the terms are often mistakenly used synonymously. Other common forms of electronic game include such products as handheld electronic games, standalone systems (e.g. pinball, slot machines, or electro-mechanical arcade games), and exclusively non-visual products (e.g. audio games).", "SuperVillain Studios is an American video game development company that develops for the Wii, Nintendo DS, Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Portable.", "The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "Roberta Williams (born February 16, 1953) is an American video game designer, writer, and a co-founder of Sierra On-Line (later known as Sierra Entertainment), who developed her first game while living in Simi Valley, California. She is most famous for her pioneering work in the field of graphic adventure games with titles such as \"Mystery House\", the \"King's Quest\" series, and \"Phantasmagoria\". She is married to Ken Williams and retired from her career in 1999. Roberta Williams is one of the most influential PC game designers of the 1980s and 1990s, and has been credited with creating the graphic adventure genre.", "The Atari 2600 (or Atari VCS before 1982) is a home video game console by Atari, Inc. Released on September 11, 1977, it is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and ROM cartridges containing game code, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F video game console in 1976. This format contrasts with the older model of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware, which could only play the games that were physically built into the unit.", "A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that they have either developed internally or have had developed by a video game developer. As with book publishers or publishers of DVD movies, video game publishers are responsible for their product's manufacturing and marketing, including market research and all aspects of advertising.", "Fox Interactive was a video game publisher and developer mainly concerned with titles based on 20th Century Fox properties, such as \"The Simpsons\", \"Family Guy\", \"Futurama\", the \"Alien\" and \"Predator 2\", and \"\"\n, \"Predator\" film franchises, \"Independence Day\", \"Charmed\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"The X-Files\", \"24\", the first two \"Ice Age\" films, the \"Die Hard\" series of films and others made by 20th Century Fox. They have also been involved with original titles, including \"\".", "The (abbreviated as GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed, manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001, in North America on June 11, 2001, in Australia and Europe on June 22, 2001, and in the People's Republic of China on June 8, 2004 (excluding Hong Kong). Nintendo's competitors in the handheld market at the time were the Neo Geo Pocket Color, WonderSwan, GP32, Tapwave Zodiac, and the N-Gage. Despite the competitors' best efforts, Nintendo maintained a majority market share with the Game Boy Advance.\nAs of June 30, 2010, the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide. Its successor, the Nintendo DS, was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software.", "The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.", "The Electronic Entertainment Expo, commonly known as E3, is an annual trade fair for the video game industry presented by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA). It is used by many video game publishers and accessory manufacturers to introduce and advertise upcoming games and game-related merchandise. Unlike Gamescom and other video-game trade fairs open to the public, E3 is an industry-only event; individuals who wish to attend are required by the ESA to verify a professional connection to the video-game industry.", "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.", "The PAL region (PAL being short for Phase Alternating Line) is a television publication territory that covers most of Asia, Africa, Europe, South America and Oceania. It is so named because of the PAL television standard traditionally used in those regions, as opposed to the NTSC standard traditionally used in Japan and nearly all of North America.", "A Platform game (or platformer) is a video game which involves guiding an avatar to jump between suspended platforms and/or over obstacles to advance the game. The player controls the jumps to avoid letting the avatar fall from platforms or miss necessary jumps. The most common unifying element of games of this genre is the jump button, but now there are other alternative like swiping in touchscreen. \"Jumping\", in this genre, may include swinging from extendable arms, as in \"Ristar\" or \"Bionic Commando\", or bouncing from springboards or trampolines, as in \"Alpha Waves\". These mechanics, even in the context of other genres, are commonly called \"platforming\", a verbification of \"platform\". Games where jumping is automated completely, such as 3D games in \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, fall outside of the genre.", "Activision Publishing, Inc., also known as Activision, is an American video game publisher. It was founded on October 1, 1979 and was the world's first independent developer and distributor of video games for gaming consoles. Its first products were cartridges for the Atari 2600 video console system published from July 1980 for the US market and from August 1981 for the international market (UK). ", "The is an 8-bit handheld video game device with interchangeable cartridges developed and manufactured by Nintendo, which was first released in Japan on , in North America on and in Europe on . It is the first handheld console in the Game Boy line and was created by Satoru Okada and Nintendo Research & Development 1. This same team, led by Gunpei Yokoi at the time, is credited with designing the Game & Watch series as well as several popular games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Redesigned versions were released in 1996 and 1998 in the form of Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Light (Japan only), respectively.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "A touchscreen is an important source of input device and output device normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can give input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus and/or one or more fingers. Some touchscreens use ordinary or specially coated gloves to work while others use a special stylus/pen only. The user can use the touchscreen to react to what is displayed and to control how it is displayed; for example, zooming to increase the text size.", "In the history of video games, the sixth-generation era (sometimes referred to as the 128-bit era; see \"Bits and system power\" below) refers to the computer and video games, video game consoles, and video game handhelds available at the turn of the 21st century which was from 1998 to 2008. Platforms of the sixth generation include the Sega Dreamcast, Sony PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and Microsoft Xbox. This era began on November 27, 1998 with the Japanese release of the Dreamcast, and it was joined by the PlayStation 2 in March 2000 and the GameCube and Xbox in 2001. The Dreamcast was discontinued in 2001, the GameCube in 2007, Xbox in 2009 and PlayStation 2 in 2013. Though the seventh generation of consoles started in November 2005 with the launch of the Xbox 360, the sixth generation did not end until January 2013, when Sony announced that the PlayStation 2 had been discontinued worldwide.", "Games designed to take advantage of Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection offered Internet play integrated into the game. When promoting this service, Nintendo emphasized the simplicity and speed of starting an online game. For example, in \"Mario Kart DS\", an online game was initiated by selecting the online multiplayer option from the main menu, then choosing whether to play with friends, or to play with other gamers (either in the local region or worldwide) at about the same skill level. After a selection was made, the game started searching for an available player.", "Crash : Mind over Mutant is a platform video game published by Activision in North America and by Sierra Entertainment internationally and developed by Vancouver - based Radical Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable ( ported by Virtuos ) , Wii and Xbox 360 . The Nintendo DS version of the game was developed by TOSE . It was released in North America on October 7 , 2008 and was later released in Europe and Australia on October 31 . It is the second game in the series not to have a Japanese release , after Crash of the Titans . Crash : Mind over Mutant is the fifteenth and final installment in the Crash Bandicoot video game series , the seventh in the main franchise , and is the second title in accordance to the mutant series ' chronology . The game 's story centers on the arrival of a popular technological device ( a parody of devices such as the iPhone and BlackBerry ) that puts whoever uses it under the control of the device 's creators Doctor Neo Cortex and Doctor Nitrus Brio , who serve as the stories ' primary antagonists . Crash Bandicoot - protagonist of the series and only one unaffected by the device besides his spirit ally Aku Aku - must free his friends from the control of the device and put an end to Doctor Cortex 's plot . The title received a generally mixed response , with reviews varying from version to version . The Wii and PlayStation 2 versions were met with generally positive reviews , while the Xbox 360 version received a mediocre critical response . Much of the game 's praise went to the humorous cutscenes and dialogue , while the unadjustable camera and extensive use of backtracking was sharply criticised . The Nintendo DS version was received negatively for its dull and repetitive gameplay .", "A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual or tactile form (the latter used for example in tactile electronic displays for blind people). When the input information is supplied has an electrical signal, the display is called an \"electronic display\".", "The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for \"Developers' System\" or \"Dual Screen\", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.", "Wi-Fi or WiFi is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. \"Wi-Fi\" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term \"Wi-Fi Certified\" to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing.", "A handheld game console is a small, portable self-contained video game console with a built-in screen, game controls, and speakers. Handheld game consoles are smaller than home video game consoles and contain the console, screen, speakers, and controls in one unit, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place.", "Radical Entertainment is a video game developer based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1991 and previously developed games for game publishers such as Microsoft and Fox Interactive. It is an entirely owned subsidiary of Activision Blizzard after being acquired by Vivendi Games in 2005. The studio, being the oldest gaming studio in British Columbia, is often referred to as the backbone of the gaming industry in Vancouver.", "Sierra Entertainment (previously Sierra On-Line, commonly referred to as Sierra) is an American publisher founded in 1979 as On-Line Systems by Ken and Roberta Williams. Based in Oakhurst, California and later in Fresno, California, the division is now owned by Activision, a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard.", "The , released in February 2003, is an upgraded version of Nintendo's Game Boy Advance. The \"SP\" in the name stands for \"Special\". The SP is accompanied by the Nintendo DS (released in November 2004) and the Game Boy Micro (released in September 2005).", "The is a home video game console released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14, 2001; in North America on November 18, 2001; in Europe on May 3, 2002; and in Australia on May 17, 2002. The sixth-generation console is the successor to the Nintendo 64 and competed with Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox.", "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.", "The concept of video games as a form of art is a controversial topic within the entertainment industry. Though video games have been afforded legal protection as creative works by the Supreme Court of the United States, the philosophical proposition that video games are works of art remains in question, even when considering the contribution of expressive elements such as graphics, storytelling and music. Even art games, games purposely designed to be a work of creative expression, have been challenged as works of art by some critics.", "California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.", "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. The Xbox 360 competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).", "Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972, currently by Atari Interactive, a subsidiary of the French publisher Atari, SA (ASA). The original Atari, Inc. founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney was a pioneer in arcade games, home video game consoles, and home computers. The company's products, such as \"Pong\" and the Atari 2600, helped define the electronic entertainment industry from the 1970s to the mid-1980s.", "Crash of the Titans is a platform game published by Sierra Entertainment and developed by Vancouver-based Radical Entertainment for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable (ported by SuperVillain Studios), Wii and Xbox 360. The Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS versions of the game were developed by Amaze Entertainment. The game was first released in North America on October 3, 2007, in Europe on October 12, 2007 and in Australia on October 25, 2007. It is the first game in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" series not to have a Japanese release.", "Vivendi Games, formerly known as Vivendi Universal Games or VU Games, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Vivendi responsible for video game developers inherited after acquiring Havas and Universal Studios.", "Amaze Entertainment was a video game developer from the United States that developed over 100 games in its ten-year history (selling nearly 40 million units), for several video game platforms, with headquarters located in Kirkland, Washington. Amaze was founded by serial entrepreneur Dan Elenbaas and his business partners Todd Gilbertsen and David Mann. Amazes primary focus was licensed games based on movie franchises, comic series, and original titles for established video game franchises. Amaze grew to become one of the world's largest independent video game developers, with nearly 300 employees in four studios. Amaze was acquired by Foundation 9 Entertainment on November 14, 2006.", "IMAGE (from Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration), or Explorer 78, was a NASA MIDEX mission that studied the global response of the Earth's magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind. It was launched March 25, 2000 by a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg AFB and ceased operations in December 2005.", "Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.", "Activision Blizzard, Inc. is an American interactive gaming and entertainment company. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California and founded in 2008 through the merger of Vivendi Games and Activision, the company is traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol , and since 2015 has been one of the stocks that make up the S&P 500. Activision Blizzard currently includes five business units: Activision, Blizzard Entertainment, Major League Gaming, Activision Blizzard Studios, and King Digital Entertainment." ]

[ "animal", "comic", "country", "design", "electro", "entertainment", "family", "game", "genre", "history", "image", "information", "japanese", "march", "marketing", "music", "mystery", "online game", "phantasmagoria", "pinball", "platform game", "play", "psychology", "research", "technology", "television", "urban", "video", "western" ]

[ "Taipei, officially known as Taipei City, is the capital city and a special municipality of the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan). Sitting at the northern tip of the island, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City. It is about southwest of the northern port city Keelung. Most of the city is located on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed bounded by the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. Since 1949, Taipei has been the capital of the ROC after losing the mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.", "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "Cantopop (a contraction of \"Cantonese pop music\") or HK-pop (short for \"Hong Kong pop music\") is a genre of Cantonese music made primarily in Hong Kong, and also used to refer to the cultural context of its production and consumption. Originating in the 1970s, Cantopop reached its height of popularity in the 1980s and 1990s before its slow decline in the 2000s. The term \"Cantopop\" itself was coined in 1978 after \"Cantorock\", a term first used in 1974. During its height, Cantopop had spread to China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "The 18th Golden Melody Awards for the Popular Music Category was held on 16 June 2007 at Taipei Arena in Taipei, Taiwan. It was themed \"\"Mii\"\", which stood for \"\"Music is international\"\".", "Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or \"folk\" music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings. Traditional music forms such as early blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller, local audiences.", "The Taipei Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. Built in 2005, the large multi-purpose stadium that can accommodate major international sport events such as ice skating, ice hockey, gymnastics, handball, basketball, tennis, badminton, table tennis, indoor soccer, boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo and wrestling.", "Mandopop refers to Mandarin popular music. The English term was coined around 1980 soon after \"Cantopop\" became a popular term for describing popular songs in Cantonese; \"Mandopop\" was used to describe Mandarin-language popular songs of that time, some of which were versions of Cantopop songs sung by the same singers with different lyrics to suit the different rhyme and tonal patterns of Mandarin. It is now used as a general term to describe popular songs performed in Mandarin.", "Tsai Min - you ( born 12 November 1986 ) , better known as Evan Yo , is a Taiwanese Mandopop singer - songwriter . He was signed by his management company at 14 and has been signed by Sony Music Taiwan since 2006 . He has released four albums and was nominated for Best New Artist in 2007 at the 18th Golden Melody Awards , Taiwan . Tsai graduated from the Music Department of National Taiwan Normal University . He majored in the violin .", "Cantonese, or Standard Cantonese, is a variant of Yue Chinese spoken in the vicinity of Guangzhou (known historically as Canton) in southeastern China. It is the traditional prestige dialect of Yue." ]

[ "china", "golden", "guangzhou", "hong kong", "indonesia", "industry", "japan", "korea", "of", "philippines", "singapore", "south korea", "taipei", "taiwan" ]

[ "A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. The word originates from the Latin \"loco\" \"from a place\", ablative of \"locus\", \"place\" + Medieval Latin \"motivus\", \"causing motion\", and is a shortened form of the term \"locomotive engine\", first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines.", "A railcar, in British English and Australian English, is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term \"railcar\" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach (carriage, car), with a driver's cab at one or both ends. Some railways, e.g., the Great Western Railway, used the term Railmotor. If it is able to pull a full train, it is rather called a motor coach or a motor car.", "A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that usually runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers. Motive power is provided by a separate locomotive or individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Although historically steam propulsion dominated, the most common modern forms are diesel and electric locomotives, the latter supplied by overhead wires or additional rails. Other energy sources include horses, engine or water-driven rope or wire winch, gravity, pneumatics, batteries, and gas turbines. Train tracks usually consist of two running rails, sometimes supplemented by additional rails such as electric conducting rails and rack rails, with a limited number of monorails and maglev guideways in the mix. The word 'train' comes from the Old French \"trahiner\", from the Latin \"trahere\" 'pull, draw'.", "Multiple units (MU) are self-propelled train carriages capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still being controlled from one driving cab. Often these are passenger trainsets consisting of more than one carriage. Single self-propelling carriages (also called railcars, rail motor coaches or railbuses) are multiple units if capable of operating with other units.", "An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. Most EMUs are used for passenger trains, but some have been built or converted for specialised non-passenger roles, such as carrying mail or luggage, or in departmental use, for example as de-icing trains. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages, but electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs.", "The DB Class 472/473 is a three - car electric multiple unit train for the Hamburg S - Bahn . They were built to service the new lines through the city tunnel ( opened 1975 ) , to Harburg ( opened 1983 ) and to Neugraben ( opened 1984 ) . The livery was beige blue at first , but it was changed to verkehrsrot ( traffic - red ) in 1997 . The Class 473 is the centre carriage of the Class 472 , it differs from the predecessor ( 470 and 471 ) centre carriages in its own electric motors and they have three door pairs instead of four . In 2012 , there are 52 units left in total of 62 built .", "The Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV) is a company coordinating public transport in and around Hamburg, Germany. Its main objectives are to provide a unified fare system, requiring only a single ticket for journeys with transfers between different operating companies, and to facilitate and speed up travel by harmonising the individual companies' schedules. At its inception in 1965, HVV was the first organisation of this kind worldwide.", "Electricity is a physical phenomenon associated with the presence of electric charge. Although initially considered a phenomenon separate to magnetism, since the development of Maxwell's Equations both are recognized as part of a single phenomenon:electromagnetism. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. In addition, electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies.", "The Metropolregion Hamburg (German for Hamburg Metropolitan Region) is the compilation of eight districts in the German federal state of Lower Saxony, six districts in Schleswig-Holstein, two districts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the city-state of Hamburg in northern Germany. It covers an area of ca , and is home to more than 5.1 million inhabitants.", "A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as an electric locomotive or electric roadway vehicle. ", "The Hamburg S-Bahn is rapid mass transit railway network in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together, the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the surrounding area. The network has operated since 1907 as an electric rapid transit system, under the direction of the state railway, and is member of Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV), \"Hamburg's transport association\". There are six lines, serving 68 stations, on of route. On an average working day the S-Bahn transports about 590,000 passengers; in 2010 about 221 million people used the S-Bahn.", "The Hamburg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system serving the cities of Hamburg, Norderstedt and Ahrensburg in Germany. Although technically an underground, most of the system's track length is above ground. The network is interconnected with the city's S-Bahn system, which also has underground sections. It is operated by Hamburger Hochbahn within the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV). It was opened in February 1912, and comprises four lines serving 91 stations, with a route length of in 2012." ]

[ "being", "british english", "charge", "city", "company", "coupling", "day", "driving", "electric motor", "electric multiple unit", "electricity", "engine", "gas", "german", "germany", "home", "latin", "length", "locomotive", "mass", "member", "motion", "mu", "network", "number", "part", "phenomenon", "physical phenomenon", "propulsion", "public", "rail", "railcar", "rapid transit", "reference", "series", "single", "speed", "track", "train", "type", "vehicle", "western", "word" ]

[ "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "Naxos (also known as - \"Chora\") is a city and a former municipality on the island of Naxos, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Naxos and Lesser Cyclades, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has 12,726 inhabitants, and the community 7,374 inhabitants (2011 census). The Naxos municipal unit covers an area of . It is located on the west side of Naxos Island in the Cyclades island group in the Aegean. It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture. It shares the island of Naxos with the municipal unit of Drymalia.", "The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.", "Drymalia is a former municipality on the island of Naxos, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Naxos and Lesser Cyclades, of which it is a municipal unit. With a land area of , it comprises about 70 percent of the island, in the eastern, northern, and southern parts. Its population was 5,244 at the 2011 census. The seat of the municipality was in Chalkeio (pop. 408), located at the center of the island. The largest town is Filoti, with a population of 1,477 inhabitants. Other large towns are Aperathos, Koronos, Damarionas, and Koronis. The municipal unit shares the island with the municipal unit of Naxos (city), which comprises about 30 percent of the island of Naxos, at its western end.", "Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas (\"\" ), is a country in southeastern Europe. \nGreece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term \"continent\" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.", "Mesi ( Greek : ) is a mountain village on the island Naxos , Greece . It is part of the municipal unit Drymalia . Its name is probably due to its location in the middle between Komiaki and the northeastern coast of Naxos . In ancient times Mesi depended on the community of Skado . In 1955 it had roughly 180 residents . At the 2001 census it numbered 116 residents .", "Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is (\"Symprotévousa\"), literally \"the co-capital\", a reference to its historical status as the (\"Symvasilévousa\") or \"co-reigning\" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople." ]

[ "arctic ocean", "athens", "atlantic ocean", "belgium", "cyprus", "estonia", "eurasia", "europe", "germany", "greece", "naxos island", "portugal" ]

[ "Arizona (O'odham: \"Al onak\" [ai onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.", "Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word \"mishigamaa\", meaning \"large water\" or \"large lake\". Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area (the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River). Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.", "In United States politics and government, the term presidential nominee has two different meanings:", "Huckabee is a TV political commentary program on Fox News hosted by former Republican Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee. It premiered September 27, 2008, at 8 PM EDT.", "Michael Dale \"Mike\" Huckabee (born August 24, 1955) is an American politician, Christian minister, author, musician, and commentator who served as the 44th Governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007. He was a candidate in the United States Republican presidential primaries in both 2008 and 2016. He won the 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses and finished second in delegate count and third in both popular vote and number of states won, behind nominee John McCain and Mitt Romney.", "Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United StatesCanada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state.", "The 2008 Michigan Republican primary took place on January 15 , 2008 . Mitt Romney came in first with 39 percent of the vote , followed by John McCain with 30 percent and Mike Huckabee in third - place with 16 percent . The victory was widely viewed as critical for the Romney campaign , as a loss in Michigan , where his father was governor , would have resulted in a loss of momentum after two losses already in New Hampshire and Iowa . National delegates determined : 30 out of 60 In accordance with Republican National Committee rules , Michigan was stripped of half its delegates for holding primary contests before February 5 , 2008 .", "Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.", "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is an American politican who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee for the 2008 United States presidential election.", "The Great Lakes (also called the Laurentian Great Lakes, or the Great Lakes of North America) are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the CanadaUnited States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or MichiganHuron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is . Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as \"inland seas\". Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The southern half of the Great Lakes is bordered by the Great Lakes Megalopolis.", "Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "The President of the United States (POTUS) is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces." ]

[ "12", "armed forces", "august", "border", "candidate", "capital", "city", "commentary", "continent", "count", "county", "derivation", "drainage", "drainage basin", "election", "executive branch", "fox", "fresh water", "geography", "government", "governor", "head", "head of state", "kin", "lake", "march", "name", "news", "number", "party", "phoenix", "politics", "presidential election", "river", "river delta", "sea", "series", "state", "system", "two", "volume" ]

[ "Bogislaw X of Pomerania, \"the Great\", (3 June 1454 5 October 1523) was Duke of Pomerania from 1474 until his death in 1523.", "Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.", "Pomerania is a region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.", "Central Europe lies between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The concept of Central Europe is based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. Central Europe is going through a phase of \"strategic awakening\", with initiatives such as the CEI, Centrope or V4. While the region's economy shows high disparities with regard to income, all Central European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Barnim XI ( 1501 -- 1573 ; by some accounts Barnim IX ) , son of Bogislaw X , Duke of Pomerania , became duke on his father 's death in 1523 .", "The Baltic Sea ( ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "baltic sea", "belarus", "berlin", "central", "cologne", "czech republic", "germany", "gulf of finland", "kraków", "lithuania", "most", "munich", "ocean", "poland", "pomerania", "sea", "stuttgart", "szczecin", "ukraine", "warsaw", "wrocław" ]

[ "Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music. \"Traditional folk music\" has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.", "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.", "Progressive rock (shortened as \"prog\"; sometimes \"art rock\", \"classical rock\" or \"symphonic rock\") is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Initially termed \"progressive pop\", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk or classical music. Additional elements contributed to its \"progressive\" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of \"art\", and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.", "The V Shows is a live album/DVD recorded at the London Astoria by rock band Mostly Autumn. It was recorded on the tour supporting their 2003 release \"Passengers\". The DVD for this show was also included in their 2005 DVD release \"Pink Floyd Revisited\". Also, this is the first Mostly Autumn release to feature drummer Andrew Jennings.", "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their use of philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in the history of popular music.", "Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with pianos and keyboards.", "Psychedelic music (sometimes psychedelia) covers a range of popular music styles and genres influenced by the 1960s psychedelic culture, a subculture of people who used psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline and DMT to experience visual and auditory hallucinations, synesthesia and altered states of consciousness. Psychedelic music attempted to replicate the hallucinogenic experience of using these drugs or enhance the experience of using them. Psychedelic music emerged during the mid-1960s among folk rock and blues rock bands in the United States and Britain.", "The London Astoria was a music venue, located at 157 Charing Cross Road, in London, England. It had been leased and run by Festival Republic since 2000. It was closed on 15 January 2009 and has since been demolished. The venue is still seen today as an iconic music establishment, as it helped to launch the careers of many British rock bands and also played a part in the UK success of many international acts. It was also a famous venue in Britain's LGBT scene, for holding London's biggest gay new year parties along with G-A-Y.", "Mostly Autumn are an English rock band. The group formed in 1995 and have built their reputation through constant touring, never signing to a major label. They produce music heavily influenced by 1970s progressive rock. According to the BBC, Mostly Autumn \"fuse the music of Genesis and Pink Floyd with Celtic themes, hard rock and strong, emotional melodies\". They have also been compared with other progressive bands such as Jethro Tull and Camel, blended with traditional folk music. Later albums also include more contemporary influences.", "Pink Floyd Revisited is a live DVD recorded by rock band Mostly Autumn in 2004 . This was a recording of a one - off concert at the Civic Hall in Stratford - Upon - Avon where they played a whole set of Pink Floyd covers . It was only available for a limited period of time and has become quite sought after by Mostly Autumn fans . The V Shows DVD was also included in the same box making it a double DVD set ." ]

[ "activity", "art", "band", "broadcaster", "broadcasting", "broadcasting house", "century", "classical music", "concert", "contract", "corporation", "cross", "custom", "dvd", "england", "feature", "genre", "group", "hall", "history", "live album", "lyrics", "music", "musical", "people", "period", "pop", "public", "range", "road", "rock", "sector", "service", "stage", "studio", "style", "subculture", "term", "time", "year" ]

[ "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:", "In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative, elected body of government. Generally a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government (\"i.e.\", hearings, inquiries).", "Mohammad Hatta ( listen ; 12 August 1902 -- 14 March 1980 ) was Indonesia 's first vice president , later also serving as the country 's prime minister . Known as `` The Proclamator '' , he and a number of Indonesians , including the first president of Indonesia , Sukarno , fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch . Hatta was born in Fort De Kock , West Sumatra , Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) . Despite his efforts to gain Indonesian independence , he studied in the Netherlands from 1921 until 1932 . Moreover , after his early education , he studied in Dutch schools in the Dutch East Indies . Mohammad Hatta is often remembered as Bung Hatta ( `` bung '' derives from `` abang '' , an affectionate title meaning `` older brother , '' used to address close male acquaintances or father figures ) .", "Sumatra is a large island in western Indonesia that is part of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island that is entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are shared between Indonesia and other countries) and the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km (including adjacent islands such as the Riau Islands and Bangka Belitung Islands).", "Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 847,176 within the city proper, 1,343,647 in the urban area, and 2,431,000 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.", "Holland is a region and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. The name \"Holland\" is also frequently used to informally refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. This usage is commonly accepted in other countries, and not entirely uncommon among the Dutch themselves, though some in the Netherlands and particularly in other regions of the country may find it undesirable, misleading or insulting.", "A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.", "The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or \"shelf\") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .", "A nation (from Latin: \"natio\", \"people, tribe, kin, genus, class, flock\") is a large group or collective of people with common characteristics attributed to them including language, traditions, \"mores\" (customs), \"habitus\" (habits), and ethnicity. By comparison, a nation is more impersonal, abstract, and overtly political than an ethnic group. It is a cultural-political community that has become conscious of its autonomy, unity, and particular interests.", "The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies; ) was a Dutch colony. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.", "Padang (Jawi: ) is the capital of the province of West Sumatra in Indonesia. It is the largest city on the western coast of Sumatra. Before Indonesia's independence, Padang was one of the major cities in the Dutch East Indies. It has an area of and the population of 1,000,096 in 2014.", "Sukarno (6 June 1901  21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967.", "Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over the territory. The opposite of independence is a dependent territory. Independence does not necessarily mean freedom.", "A Muslim is someone who follows or practises Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran (Koran), their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (\"sunnah \") as recorded in traditional accounts (\"hadith\"). \"Muslim\" is an Arabic word meaning \"one who submits (to God)\".", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ; Sundanese: ) is an island of Indonesia. With a population of over 141 million (the island itself) or 145 million (the administrative region) Census released in December 2015, Java is home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the most populous island on Earth. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally.", "The United East Indian Company (or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie in modern spelling; VOC), referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. It is often considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world, and it was the first company to issue stock. The largest and most valuable corporation in history, it possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies.", "Western Europe, also West Europe, is the region comprising the western part of the European continent. There may be differences between the geopolitical and purely geographic definitions of the term.", "An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46 (approximately 24%) of the 193 UN member states are island countries.", "West Sumatra (abbreviated to Sumbar, Jawi: , Minangkabau: Sumatera Baraik) is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island of Sumatra. The latest official estimate for January 2014 shows a population of 5,098,790. West Sumatra is sub-divided into 12 regencies and seven cities. It has relatively more cities than other provinces in Indonesia, except Java province. Its capital is Padang.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Oceania (or ), also known as Oceanica, is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Southeast Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago.", "Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.", "The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.", "The Netherlands is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name \"Holland\" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.", "Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50, is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number of protons. It has two main allotropes: at room temperature, the stable allotrope is -tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey -tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air.", "Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.", "Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, located in South Holland, within the RhineMeuseScheldt river delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte river by people settled around it for safety. In 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre. Nowadays it is home to Europe's largest port and has a population of 633,471 (city proper), ranking second in the Netherlands. The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1.4 million people and the Rotterdam The Hague Metropolitan Area makes for the 168th most populous urban area in the world. Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7,100,000." ]

[ "america", "an", "are", "asia", "berlin", "france", "french", "grey", "home", "i .", "india", "june", "lies", "many", "may", "muhammad", "muslim", "urban" ]

[ "The Midland Football Alliance was an English association football league for semi-professional teams. It covered Leicestershire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire and also southern parts of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. The league consisted of a single division which sat at Step 5 of the National League System, or the ninth level of the overall English football league system.", "The Midland Football Combination was an English football league covering parts of the West Midlands. It comprised five divisions, a Premier Division, Divisions One and Two and two Reserves Divisions. The league was one of three official feeder leagues to the Midland Football Alliance.", "Gareth Richard Sheldon ( born 31 January 1980 in Birmingham , England ) is a professional footballer , currently playing for Midland Football Combination Division Two side Polesworth , where he plays as a striker ." ]

[ "association football", "football" ]

[ "The President of the French Republic, is the executive head of state of the French Fifth Republic. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the first minister and cabinets has over time differed with the various French constitutions.", "The Citroën DS is a front-engine, front-wheel-drive executive car manufactured and marketed by the French company Citroën from 1955 to 1975 in sedan, wagon/estate and convertible body configurations. Italian sculptor and industrial designer Flaminio Bertoni and the French aeronautical engineer André Lefèbvre styled and engineered the car. Paul Magès developed the hydropneumatic self-levelling suspension.", "Citroën is a major French automobile manufacturer, part of the PSA Peugeot Citroën group since 1976. It was founded in 1919 by French industrialist André-Gustave Citroën (18781935).", "Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France (194044) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (194446). In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the 18th President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.", "A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm, designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine, typically at a rate of 300 to 1800 rounds per minute. Fully automatic firearms are generally categorized as submachine guns, assault rifles, battle rifles, automatic shotguns, machine guns, or autocannons. Machine guns with multiple rotating barrels are referred to as \"rotary machine guns\".", "The word bullet is a firearm term. A bullet is a projectile expelled from the barrel of a firearm. The term is from Middle French and originated as the diminutive of the word boulle (boullet) which means \"small ball.\" Bullets are made of a variety of materials. They are available singly as they would be used in muzzle loading and cap and ball firearms, as part of a paper cartridge, and much more commonly as a component of metallic cartridges. Bullets are made in a large numbers of styles and constructions depending on how they will be used. Many bullets have specialized functions, such as hunting, target shooting, training, defense, and warfare. ", "Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry (19 October 1927  11 March 1963) was a French Air Force lieutenant-colonel and military air weaponry engineer. He was the creator of the Nord SS.10/SS.11 missiles. He attempted to\nassassinate French President Charles de Gaulle on 22 August 1962, following de Gaulle's decision to accept Algerian independence. The attack made international headlines. Bastien-Thiry was the last person to be executed by firing squad in France.", "The French Air Force (, literally \"air army\") is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the \"Service Aéronautique\", a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1934. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air Force varies depending on source, however sources from the French Ministry of Defence give a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. The French Air Force has 233 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 125 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. As of early 2016, the French Air Force employs a total of 42,607 regular personnel. The reserve element of the air force consisted of 5,187 personnel of the Operational Reserve.", "Flaminio Bertoni (Masnago, Italy, 10 January 1903 Paris, France, 7 February 1964) was an Italian automobile designer from the years preceding World War II until his death in 1964. Before his work in industrial design, Bertoni was a sculptor.", "André Lefebvre (19 August 1894 4 May 1964) was a French automobile engineer.", "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: \"France Libre\" and \"Forces françaises libres\") were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. It was set up in London in June 1940 and also organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.", "The Provisional Government of the French Republic (\"gouvernement provisoire de la République française\" or GPRF) was an interim government of Free France between 1944 and 1946 following the liberation of continental France after the operations \"Overlord\" and \"Dragoon\", and lasted until the establishment of the French Fourth Republic. Its establishment marked the official restoration and re-establishment of a provisional French Republic assuring continuity with the defunct French Third Republic.", "Yvonne de Gaulle ( born Yvonne Charlotte Anne Marie Vendroux ; 22 May 1900 -- 8 November 1979 ) was the wife of Charles de Gaulle . She was sometimes known as `` Tante Yvonne '' ( `` Aunt Yvonne '' ) . They were married on April 7 , 1921 . She is known for the quote , `` The presidency is temporary -- but the family is permanent . '' She and her husband narrowly escaped an assassination attempt on August 22 , 1962 , when their Citroën DS was targeted by machine gun fire arranged by Jean Bastien - Thiry at the Petit - Clamart . Like her husband , Yvonne de Gaulle was a conservative Catholic , and campaigned against prostitution , the sale of pornography in newsstands and the televised display of nudity and sex , for which she earned the nickname `` Tante ( '' Auntie `` ) Yvonne . '' Later she unsuccessfully tried to persuade de Gaulle to outlaw miniskirts in France . The couple had three children : Philippe ( b. 1921 ) , Élisabeth ( 1924 - 2013 ) , and Anne ( 1928 -- 1948 ) , who was born with Down syndrome . Yvonne de Gaulle set up a charity , ' La fondation Anne - de - Gaulle ' , to help children with disabilities ." ]

[ "french", "italian" ]

[ "The phrase territorial police force varies in precise meaning according to the country to which it is related, generally distinguishing a force whose area of responsibility is defined by sub-national boundaries from others which deal with the entire country or a restricted range of crime.", "A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge. However, in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the term \"molecule\" is often used less strictly, also being applied to polyatomic ions.", "A police officer, also known as a policewoman, policeman, police agent is a warranted law employee of a police force. In the United States, \"officer\" usually is the formal name of the lowest police rank. In many other countries, \"officer\" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank, and the lowest rank is often \"constable\". In some nations the use of the rank \"officer\" is legally reserved for military personnel. Police officers are generally charged with the apprehension of criminals and the prevention and detection of crime, protection and assistance of the general public, and the maintenance of public order. Police officers may be sworn to an oath, and have the power to arrest people and detain them for a limited time, along with other duties and powers.\nSome police officers may also be trained in special duties, such as counter-terrorism, surveillance, child protection, VIP protection, civil law enforcement, and investigation techniques into major crime including fraud, rape, murder, and drug trafficking. Although many police officers wear a corresponding uniform, some police officers are plain-clothed in order to dissimulate as ordinary citizens.", "Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), they are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.", "A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.", "Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of monomers, which are nucleotides made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is a simple ribose, the polymer is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the sugar is derived from ribose as deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).", "A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers). They are typically composed of thousands of atoms or more. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and polyphenols) and large non-polymeric molecules (such as lipids and macrocycles). Synthetic macromolecules include common plastics and synthetic fibres as well as experimental materials such as carbon nanotubes.", "James Mackay QPM retired as Deputy Chief Constable of Tayside Police in 2001 . He has had considerable experience of criminal investigation and major inquiries . He is especially interested in forensic science and has served on national committees particularly in the field of DNA in police investigation .", "Tayside Police was a territorial police force covering the Scottish council areas of Angus, City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross (the former Tayside region) until 1 April 2013, at which point it was subsumed into Police Scotland. The total area covered by the force was with a population of 388,000. The force operated from 27 police stations and has an establishment of 1078 police officers, 151 special constables and 594 support staff, as of February 2008. Tayside Police was Scotland's fourth-largest police force.", "Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, or potential artificial life as \"living\". Biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved.", "Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome." ]

[ "agent", "carbon", "major", "physics", "police", "police officer", "science" ]

[ "A spelling reform is a deliberate, often officially sanctioned or mandated change to spelling rules of a language. Proposals for such reform are also common and many languages have undergone such reforms. Recent high-profile examples are the German orthography reform of 1996 and the on-off Portuguese spelling reform of 1990, which is still being ratified by the different countries.", "`` Symphony in Slang '' is a 1951 cartoon short directed by Tex Avery , written by Rich Hogan and released with the movie No Questions Asked by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer . Minimalist and abstract in style ( many of the `` gags '' are created either with single , still frames or limited animation ) , it tells the story of a man John Brown , who finds himself at the Pearly Gates explaining the story of his life to a bewildered Saint Peter and Noah Webster using slang of that era . The majority of the short is made up of sight gags based on Peter and Webster 's imagined , literal understandings of such phrases as `` I was born with a silver spoon in my mouth '' and `` Outside it was raining cats and dogs . ''", "The pearly gates is an informal name for the gateway to Heaven according to some Christian denominations. It is inspired by the description of the New Jerusalem in : \"The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each gate being made from a single pearl.\"", "Noah Webster, Jr. (October 16, 1758 May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the \"Father of American Scholarship and Education\". His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. According to Ellis (1979), he gave Americans \"a secular catechism to the nation-state.\"", "For centuries, there has been a movement to reform the spelling of English. It seeks to change English spelling so that it is more consistent, matches pronunciation better, and follows the alphabetic principle.", "In the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible, New Jerusalem (\"Jehovah-shammah\", or \"[where] YHWH [is] there\") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, the Third Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, which would be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, during the Messianic era. The prophecy is recorded by Ezekiel as having been received on Yom Kippur of the year 3372 of the Hebrew calendar. It will be inhabited by people to live eternally in spirit form, created by God as a gift to mankind. Not everyone will reside in New Jerusalem, as most will possibly stay on Earth." ]

[ "english", "german", "hebrew", "portuguese" ]

[ "Semiconductors are crystalline or amorphous solids with distinct electrical characteristics. They are of high electrical resistance   higher than typical resistance materials, but still of much lower resistance than insulators. Their resistance decreases as their temperature increases, which is behavior opposite to that of a metal. Finally, their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by the deliberate, controlled introduction of impurities (\"doping\") into the crystal structure, which lowers its resistance but also permits the creation of semiconductor junctions between differently-doped regions of the extrinsic semiconductor crystal. The behavior of charge carriers which include electrons, ions and electron holes at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and all modern electronics.", "Jean - Claude Simon ( born 1948 ) is a researcher in the field of semiconductor optical amplifiers . Since 1998 he was permanent professor at ENSSAT / University of Rennes1 . Director of FOTON , research department in Optics and Optoelectronics for Telecom , affiliated to CNRS .", "An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has been \"doped\", that is, into which a doping agent has been introduced, giving it different electrical properties than the intrinsic (pure) semiconductor. This doping involves adding dopant atoms to an intrinsic semiconductor, which changes the electron and hole carrier concentrations of the semiconductor at thermal equilibrium, the temperature at which two adjacent substances exchange no heat energy. Dominant carrier concentrations in an extrinsic semiconductor classify it as either an n-type or p-type semiconductor. The electrical properties of extrinsic semiconductors make them essential components of many electronic devices.", "In physics, chemistry, and electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice. Since in a normal atom or crystal lattice the negative charge of the electrons is balanced by the positive charge of the atomic nuclei, the absence of an electron leaves a net positive charge at the hole's location. Holes in a semiconductor crystal lattice can move through the lattice as electrons can, and act similarly to positively-charged particles. They play an important role in the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits. However they are not actually particles, but rather quasiparticles; they are different from the positron, which is the antiparticle of the electron. (See also Dirac Sea.)", "In physics, a charge carrier is a particle free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors. Examples are electrons, ions and holes. In a conducting medium, an electric field can exert force on these free particles, causing a net motion of the particles through the medium; this is what constitutes an electric current. In different conducting media, different particles serve to carry charge:", "Modern Electronics was a hobbyist magazine published from October 1984 to March 1991. It became \"Computer Craft\" in April 1991 and the name changed again to \"MicroComputer Journal\" in January 1994. Modern Electronics, Inc. was owned by CQ Communications, Inc, the publishers of \"CQ Amateur Radio\".", "In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a pn junction connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of crystals' rectifying abilities was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used.", "In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous (from the Greek \"a\", without, \"morphé\", shape, form) or non-crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. In some older books, the term has been used synonymously with glass. Nowadays, \"Glassy solid\" or \"Amorphous solid\" is considered to be the overarching concept, and glass the more special case: A glass is an amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition. Polymers are often amorphous. Other types of amorphous solids include gels, thin films, and nanostructured materials such as glass." ]

[ "agent", "computer", "conducting", "physicist", "physics", "radio", "science" ]

[ "The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection, using the mobility of the United States Navy, by Congressional mandate, to deliver rapidly, combined-arms task forces on land, at sea, and in the air. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking military officer in the U.S. armed forces, is a Marine Corps general.", "The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage. The U.S. Navy has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on active duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 aircraft in active service .", "The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean, and surrounded by the North American mainland to the west, and the Delmarva Peninsula to the east. It is the largest such body in the contiguous United States. The northern bay is within Maryland, the southern portion within Virginia, and is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bay's drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus all of the District of Columbia.", "Alexander Montgomery Thackara ( 1848 -- 1937 ) , addressed as `` Mont '' in family correspondence , was born in Philadelphia in 1848 . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1869 . He served at sea in European and Far Eastern areas . He met Eleanor Sherman , the daughter of William Tecumseh Sherman ( Commanding General of the United States Army from 1869 -- 1883 ) , in 1879 . They were married on May 5 , 1880 at General Sherman 's home in Washington D. C. . The couple had four children : Alexander Montgomery ( `` Lex '' ) , William Tecumseh Sherman ( `` Sherman '' ) , Elizabeth , and Eleanor . Thackara left the service in 1881 to enter his father 's business in Philadelphia . He `` was appointed by President William McKinley to serve as a U.S. Consul at Le Havre , France in 1897 . He also served as Consul General in Berlin from 1905 to 1913 , and President Woodrow Wilson appointed him to be Consul General in Paris in 1913 , '' where he served until 1924 . Eleanor played a leading role in the Red Cross in Paris during the First World War . She died in Paris in 1915 and Alexander M. Thackara died in 1937 from bronchial pneumonia in the American Hospital of Paris , located in Neuilly - sur - Seine , France , where he had lived for several years after his retirement . Many pieces of correspondence between A.M. Thackara and family are housed in the Special Collections of Falvey Memorial Library at Villanova University as part of the Sherman - Thackara Collection .", "The Philadelphia Naval Asylum is a complex of buildings in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built in 1827 as a hospital, it later housed the Philadelphia Naval School, served as a home for retired sailors for the United States Navy from 1834 to 1976, and was ultimately redeveloped as luxury condominiums. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.", "The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. Established on 10 October 1845, under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, it is the second oldest of the United States' five service academies, and educates officers for commissioning primarily into the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County, east of Washington, D.C. and southeast of Baltimore. The entire campus is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum, in Philadelphia, that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.", "George Bancroft (October 3, 1800 January 17, 1891) was an American historian and statesman who was prominent in promoting secondary education both in his home state, at the national and international level. During his tenure as U.S. Secretary of the Navy, he established the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1845. He was a senior American diplomat in Europe. Among his best-known writings is the magisterial series, \"History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent\".", "Fort Severn, in present-day Annapolis, Maryland, was built in 1808 on the same site as an earlier American Revolutionary War fort of 1776. Although intended to guard Annapolis harbor from British attack, it never saw action during the War of 1812. The United States Naval Academy acquired Fort Severn and two other military bases from the United States Army on 19 October 1845. The Academy used the structure for classrooms until its demolition in 1909.", "Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the fifth-most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 1,567,442 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area, . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.", "The Northeastern United States, also referred to as the American Northeast or simply the Northeast, is a geographical region of the United States of America bordered to the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Southern United States, and to the west by the Midwestern United States. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics. The Census Bureau-defined region has a total area of with of that being land mass. Though lacking a unified cultural identity, the Northeastern region is the nation's most economically developed, densely populated, and culturally diverse region. Of the nation's four census regions, the Northeast is the second most urban, with 85 percent of its population residing in urban areas, led by the West with 90 percent." ]

[ "army", "canada", "diplomat", "general", "historian", "major", "military", "officer", "revolutionary", "secretary", "statesman", "united states marine corps", "united states navy", "united states of america" ]

[ "Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into Cisticolidae and the kinglets into Regulidae. In the past ten years they have been the subject of much research and many species are now placed into other families, including the Acrocephalidae, Cettiidae, Phylloscopidae, and Megaluridae. In addition some species have been moved into existing families or have not yet had their placement fully resolved. A smaller family of warblers, together with some babblers formerly placed in the family Timaliidae and the parrotbills, are retained in a much smaller family Sylviidae.", "Scepomycter is a genus of threatened birds in the Cisticolidae family . The two species are endemic to highland forests in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania . They are small , mainly grey birds with a reddish - orange head .", "A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. A notable feature of passerines compared to other orders of Aves is the arrangement of their toes, three pointing forward and one back, which facilitates perching. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders, with over 5,000 identified species. It has roughly twice as many species as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia. It contains more than 110 families, the second-most of any order of tetrapods (after Squamata, the scaled reptiles).\nThe passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas, cuckoo-finches, and the cowbirds. Most passerines are omnivorous, while the shrikes are carnivorous.", "The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, in the south-central part of Zambia. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest, the core economic hubs of the country.", "Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.\nThe term \"southern Africa\" or \"Southern Africa\", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power.", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo , also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, East Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named, and is sometimes still called Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 80 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world.", "Malawi (or ; or [maláwi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Malawi is over with an estimated population of 16,777,547 (July 2013 est.). Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed \"The Warm Heart of Africa\".", "The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world by area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest freshwater lake by volume and depth. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either Lake Baikal or the North American Great Lakes, and constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water.", "The Cisticolidae family of small passerine birds is a group of about 110 warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are often included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae.", "Uganda (or ), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania." ]

[ "area", "bird", "cisticolidae", "namibia", "ostrich", "passeriformes", "phylloscopidae", "squamata", "sylviidae", "victoria" ]

[ "Colin Andrew Firth, (born 10 September 1960) is an English actor. His films have grossed more than $3 billion from 42 releases worldwide. Firth has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup. Firth's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in \"The King's Speech\", a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards.", "Charles Julian Humphrey Mitchell FRSL (born 1 May 1935), is an English playwright, screenwriter and occasional novelist. He is best known as the writer of the play and film \"Another Country\", and as a screenwriter for TV, producing many original plays and series episodes, including at least ten for \"Inspector Morse\".", "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895  6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.", "My Best Friend's Wedding is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by P.J. Hogan, starring Julia Roberts.", "Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.", "Another Country is a 1984 British romantic historical drama written by Julian Mitchell , adapted from his play of the same name . Directed by Marek Kanievska , the film stars Rupert Everett and Colin Firth . Another Country is loosely based on the life of the spy and double agent Guy Burgess , Guy Bennett in the film . It explores his homosexuality and exposure to Marxism , while examining the hypocrisy and snobbery of the English public school system .", "The King's Speech is a 2010 British biographical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "Rupert James Hector Everett (born 29 May 1959) is an English actor and writer. He first came to public attention in 1981, when he was cast in Julian Mitchell's play and subsequent film \"Another Country\" (1984) as an openly gay pupil at an English public school in the 1930s; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination. He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for \"An Ideal Husband\" (1999).", "A Different Loyalty is a 2004 drama film inspired by the story of British traitor Kim Philby's love affair and marriage to Eleanor Brewer in Beirut and his eventual defection to the Soviet Union. The story takes place in the 1960s and stars Sharon Stone and Rupert Everett. In the film, the characters have fictitious names. The film was entered into the 26th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Marek Kanievska (born 30 November 1952) is a British film director.\nHis films have won various awards at the Cannes Film Festival and the Florence Film Festival.\nHis 2004 film \"A Different Loyalty\" was entered into the 26th Moscow International Film Festival." ]

[ "comedy", "comedy film", "country", "drama", "drama film", "india", "james", "march", "play", "romantic", "television", "various" ]

[ "John Francis Anthony \"Jaco\" Pastorius III (December 1, 1951  September 21, 1987) was an American jazz musician, composer, big band leader and electric bass player. He is best known for his work with Weather Report from 1976 to 1981, as well as work with artists including Joni Mitchell, Pat Metheny, and his own solo projects.", "Jazz-funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat (groove), electrified sounds and an early prevalence of analog synthesizers. The integration of funk, soul, and R&B music and styles into jazz resulted in the creation of a genre whose spectrum is quite wide and ranges from strong jazz improvisation to soul, funk or disco with jazz arrangements, jazz riffs, and jazz solos, and sometimes soul vocals.", "Avi Bortnick ( born January 7 , 1963 ) is a guitarist who became more widely known after his association with jazz guitarist John Scofield . Bortnick joined Scofield 's jam - oriented band in 2000 , and played rhythm guitar and samples on three records : Überjam , Up All Night and Überjam Deux . Born in Israel , Bortnick was raised in St. Louis , Missouri , where he attended racially integrated public schools and was immersed in the sounds of late 1970s funk , rock and soul . After moving to California in 1983 , Bortnick began to play with various African and Caribbean bands . Later , as a graduate student at the University of Florida in Gainesville , Bortnick started the band `` What It Is '' , which became popular in the South East touring circuit , though the band was never signed to a major label . Bortnick became known as a strong rhythm guitar player , and came to John Scofield 's attention when putting a band together to support his Verve release , Bump . A five - month tour extended to 4 years . In 2003 , Avi released his solo CD Clean Slate with 12 original songs . Since 2003 , Bortnick resides in New York City , playing with various bands , including Cornpone , Suite ( with members of Verve recording artists The Brazilian Girls ) and Ghost Train Orchestra .", "Rhythm guitar is a technique and role that performs a combination of two functions: to provide all or part of the rhythmic pulse in conjunction with singers or other instruments; and to provide all or part of the harmony, i.e. the chords, where a chord is a group of notes played together. Therefore, the basic technique of rhythm guitar is to hold down a series of chords with the fretting hand while strumming rhythmically with the other hand. More developed rhythm techniques include arpeggios, damping, riffs, chord solos, and complex strums.", "African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans. Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans prior to the American Civil War.", "Überjam is an album by The John Scofield Band which was released on January 29, 2002 on Verve Records. Many unique musical styles are performed throughout \"Überjam\", including jazz fusion, jazz-funk, drum and bass, and acid jazz.\nIt was produced by John Scofield and Jason Olaine and recorded and mixed by Joe Ferla, executive producer was Susan Scofield.", "West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo.", "Joe Henderson (April 24, 1937 June 30, 2001) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. In a career spanning more than 40 years Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent labels, including Blue Note.", "Pat Martino (born August 25, 1944) is an Italian-American jazz guitarist and composer within the post-bop, fusion, mainstream jazz and soul jazz idioms. He is noted for his mathematical approach to the instrument (he has released textbooks such as \"Linear Expressions \") and advanced knowledge of music and jazz theory. Technically highly proficient, he plays with a brisk but loose picking style.", "Mavis Staples (born July 10, 1939) is an American rhythm and blues and gospel singer, actress, and civil rights activist. She has recorded and performed with her family's band The Staple Singers, and also as a solo artist.", "George Duke (January 12, 1946 August 5, 2013) was an American musician, known as a keyboard pioneer, composer, singer and producer in both jazz and popular mainstream musical genres. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album \"The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio\". He was known primarily for thirty-odd solo albums, of which 'A Brazilian Love Affair' from 1980 was his most popular, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians, particularly Frank Zappa.", "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two \"de facto\" independent states with limited or no recognition.", "Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th century music. With his ever-changing directions in music, Davis was at the forefront of a number of major stylistic developments in jazz over his five-decade career.", "Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at  rpm. Vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc (CD) and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl.", "Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on complex chord progressions. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.", "William Richard \"Bill\" Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American guitarist, composer and arranger.", "Improvisation is broad term referring to the process of devising an atypical method of solving a problem due to lack of time or resources. In a technical context, this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for, or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion. Improvisation, within the context of performing arts, is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines.", "Rhythm (from Greek , \"rhythmos\", \"any regular recurring motion, symmetry\" ) generally means a \"movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions\" . This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds (as with the riff in a rock music song); to several minutes or hours, or, at the most extreme, even over many years.", "Acid jazz, also known as club jazz, is a musical genre that combines elements of jazz, soul, funk and disco. Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s in the rare groove movement and spread to the US, Japan, Eastern Europe and Brazil. Major acts included Brand New Heavies, Incognito, Us3 and Jamiroquai from the UK and Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the US. The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz-funk, neo soul or jazz rap.", "John Scofield (born December 26, 1951, Dayton, Ohio, United States), often referred to as \"Sco\", is an American jazz-rock guitarist and composer, who has played and collaborated with Miles Davis, Dave Liebman, Joe Henderson, Charles Mingus, Joey DeFrancesco, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, Bill Frisell, Pat Martino, Mavis Staples, Phil Lesh, Billy Cobham, Medeski Martin & Wood, George Duke, Jaco Pastorius, John Mayer, Robert Glasper, and Gov't Mule. At ease in the bebop idiom, Scofield is also well versed in jazz fusion, funk, blues, soul, and rock.", "Philip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940) is a musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he played bass guitar throughout their 30-year career.", "William Emanuel \"Billy\" Cobham (born May 16, 1944) is a Panamanian American jazz drummer, composer and bandleader, who came to prominence in the late 1960s and early 1970s with trumpeter Miles Davis and then with Mahavishnu Orchestra, and on countless CTI releases. According to AllMusic's reviewer, Cobham is \"generally acclaimed as fusion's greatest drummer\". He has an influential style that combines explosive power and exacting precision. He was inducted into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1987, and the \"Classic Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2013.", "Gov't Mule (pronounced Government Mule) is an American southern rock jam band, formed in 1994 as a side project of The Allman Brothers Band by guitarist Warren Haynes and bassist Allen Woody. Fans often refer to Gov't Mule simply as \"Mule\".", "David Liebman (born September 4, 1946) is an American saxophonist and flautist.", "Patrick Bruce \"Pat\" Metheny (; born August 12, 1954) is an American jazz guitarist and composer.", "The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb and/or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Robert Glasper (born April 5, 1978, in Houston, Texas) is an American keyboard player and record producer. His 2012 album \"Black Radio\" won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 55th Grammy Awards.", "Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as \"one of America's original art forms\".", "In music, harmony considers the process by which the composition of individual sounds, or superpositions of sounds, is analysed by hearing. Usually, this means simultaneously occurring frequencies, pitches (tones, notes), or chords. The study of harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions and the principles of connection that govern them. Harmony is often said to refer to the \"vertical\" aspect of music, as distinguished from melodic line, or the \"horizontal\" aspect. Counterpoint, which refers to the relationship between melodic lines, and polyphony, which refers to the simultaneous sounding of separate independent voices, are thus sometimes distinguished from harmony.", "Herbert Jeffrey \"Herbie\" Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actor. Starting his career with Donald Byrd, he shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet where Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound. He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace synthesizers and funk music. Hancock's music is often melodic and accessible; he has had many songs \"cross over\" and achieved success among pop audiences.", "Ragtime also spelled rag-time or rag time is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918. Its cardinal trait is its syncopated, or \"ragged\", rhythm. The genre has its origins in African-American communities like St. Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano. Ernest Hogan (18651909) was a pioneer of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music. The composition was called \"LA Pas Ma LA\" and it was released in 1895. Hogan has also been credited for coining the term \"ragtime\". The term is actually derived from his hometown \"Shake Rag\" in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Ben Harney, who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public. His first ragtime composition \"You've been a good old wagon but you done broke\" helped popularize the musical genre. The composition was published in 1895 but released in 1896. Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms coming from African music. The ragtime composer Scott Joplin (\"ca.\" 18681917) became famous through the publication of the \"Maple Leaf Rag\" (1899) and a string of ragtime hits such as \"The Entertainer\" (1902), although he was later forgotten by all but a small, dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s. For at least 12 years after its publication, \"Maple Leaf Rag\" heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, harmonic progressions or metric patterns.", "John Clayton Mayer (born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and raised in nearby Fairfield. He attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook. Together, they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters. After their split, Mayer continued to play local clubsrefining his skills and gaining a following. After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival, he was signed to Aware Records, and then Columbia Records, which released his first EP, \"Inside Wants Out\". His following two full-length albums\"Room for Squares\" (2001) and \"Heavier Things\" (2003)did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single \"Your Body Is a Wonderland\".", "Charlie Mingus (April 22, 1922 January 5, 1979) was an American jazz double bassist, composer and bandleader. His compositions retained the hot and soulful feel of hard bop, drawing heavily from black gospel music and blues, while sometimes containing elements of Third Stream, free jazz, and classical music. He once cited Duke Ellington and church as his main influences.", "New Orleans (or ) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New OrleansMetairieKenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New OrleansMetairieBogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502." ]

[ "actor", "actress", "artist", "band", "bandleader", "bassist", "cardinal", "composer", "construction", "cook", "drummer", "duke", "fashion", "flautist", "general", "guitarist", "jazz musician", "keyboardist", "major", "member", "military", "mule", "musician", "pianist", "pioneer", "prior", "professor", "r", "radio", "record producer", "saint", "sales", "saxophonist", "singer", "songwriter", "sovereign", "speaker", "tenor", "trumpeter" ]

[ "The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (also JBNHS) is a natural history journal published several times a year by the Bombay Natural History Society. First published in January 1886, and published with only a few interruptions since, the JBNHS is one of the best-known journals in the fields of natural history, conservation, and biodiversity research.", "The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body. It generally meets each year and is chaired by a Moderator elected at the start of the Assembly.", "Summerston is a residential area of Glasgow, Scotland. It has a riding school run by UK charity Riding for the Disabled. The area is also home to John Paul Academy, one of Glasgow's 11 Roman Catholic secondary schools. The 4th Glasgow Scout Beaver Colony and Cub Scout Pack are based in Caldercuilt Primary School at 101 Invershiel Road. It is also home to Summerston Childcare which is the most popular Family Learning and Out of School centre in Summerston having had a waiting list for their classes since their opening in 1995.", "The River Clyde is a river, that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the eighth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the second-longest in Scotland. Flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire. In the early medieval Cumbric language it was known as \"Clud\" or \"Clut\", and was central to the Kingdom of Strathclyde (\"Teyrnas Ystrad Clut\").", "The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the governor as the constitutional head. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.", "Karnataka (IPA:) is a state in south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed \"Karnataka\" in 1973. The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the seventh largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada, one of the classical languages of India, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.", "The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free.", "Uttara Kannada (also known as North Canara) is a district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belgaum District to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shimoga District and Udupi District to the south and the Arabian Sea to the west. The city of Karwar is the administrative headquarters of the district and developing city. Sirsi, Dandeli and Bhatkal are the other major developing towns of the district.\nThe district has 2 agroclimatic divisions namely", "James Davidson FZS ( 1849 - 1925 ) was a naturalist in India . He was born at Maryhill near Glasgow and studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh Universities . He served in the Bombay Presidency after entering the Indian Civil Services and retired in 1897 . During this time , he wrote extensively about the birds of the regions of present - day Uttara Kannada , Satara and Belgaum , corresponding with Allan Octavian Hume , to whom he gave his bird collection . He wrote numerous notes to Stray Feathers , the Journal started by Hume as well as to the journal of the Bombay Natural History Society .", "Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (6 June 1829 31 July 1912) was a member of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, a political party that was later to lead in the Indian independence movement. A notable ornithologist, Hume has been called \"the Father of Indian Ornithology\" and, by those who found him dogmatic, \"the Pope of Indian ornithology.\"", "Yemen ('), officially known as the Republic of Yemen ('), is an Arab country in Western Asia, occupying South Arabia, the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen is the second-largest country in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 km (203,850 sq mi). The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the east-northeast. Although Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a, the city has been under rebel control since February 2015. Because of this, Yemen's capital has been temporarily relocated to the port city of Aden, on the southern coast. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands; the largest of these is Socotra.", "Kannada ('), also known as Canarese or Kanarese , is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in India, mainly in the state of Karnataka, and by linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Goa. The language has roughly 40 million native speakers who are called Kannadigas, and a total of 50.8 million speakers according to a 2001 census. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka.", "The Bombay Presidency, also known as Bombay and Sind from 1843 to 1936 and the Bombay Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. Headquartered in the city of Bombay, at its greatest extent, the presidency included the Konkan, Nashik and Pune divisions of the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, Ahmadabad, Anand, Bharuch, Gandhinagar, Kheda, Panchmahal and Surat districts of the present-day state of Gujarat, Bagalkot, Belagavi, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri and Uttara Kannada districts of the present-day state of Karnataka, the Sindh province of present-day Pakistan and the Aden colony, which presently forms part of Yemen.", "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.", "Pune (; spelt \"Poona\" during British rule) is the the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ninth most populous city in the country. Situated above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river, Pune is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire established by Shivaji Maharaj. In the 18th century, Pune was the political centre of the Indian subcontinent, as the seat of the Peshwas who were the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire.", "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.", "The National Library of Scotland is the legal deposit library of Scotland and is one of the country's National Collections. Its main base is in Edinburgh city centre. The headquarters is on George IV Bridge, between the Old Town and the university quarter. There is also a more modern building (1980s) in a residential area on the south side of the town centre, on Causewayside. This was built to accommodate some of the specialist collections (e.g., map library, science library) and to provide large-scale extra storage.", "Biodiversity, a contraction of \"biological diversity,\" generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be greater near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future.", "A burgh was an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganization in 1975 the title of \"royal burgh\" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.", "The Bombay Natural History Society, founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the \"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society\". Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it. The society is commonly known by its initials, BNHS. BNHS is the partner of BirdLife International in India. It has been designated as a 'Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation' by the Department of Science and Technology.", "Shivamogga district is a district in the Karnataka state of India. A major part of Shimoga district lies in the Malnad region of the Western Ghats. Shivamogga city is its administrative centre. Jog Falls is a major tourist attraction. As of 2011 Shimoga district has a population of 1,755,512. There are seven taluks: Bhadravathi, Hosanagara, Sagara, Shimoga, Shikaripura, Soraba and Thirthahalli.", "Belgaum (officially known as Belagavi, and earlier known \"Venugrama\" or the \"Bamboo Village\",) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belgaum division and Belgaum district. The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka, hence a second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012.", "A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of its respective government; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place.", "Maryhill is an area of the City of Glasgow in Scotland. Maryhill is a former burgh. Maryhill stretches over along Maryhill Road. Several sub-districts belong to the Maryhill district, such as Acre, Dawsholm Park, Firhill, Gairbraid, Gilshochill, Maryhill Park, North Kelvinside, Queen's Cross, St George's Cross, Cadder (Glasgow), Summerston, Woodside and Wyndford.", "Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.", "Bhatkal also known as 'Batecala' in some Portuguese historical texts, is a port town in Uttara Kannada District of South Indian state of Karnataka. The town of Bhatkal lies on NH-66 running between Mumbai and Kochi and is one of the major railway stations along the Konkan Railway line running between Mumbai and Mangaluru. The closest airport is Mangaluru International Airport. Bhatkal is also called by some Nawayath Muslims as Al- Nawayah (place of nawayaths).", "Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, it is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh, 492,680 for the local authority area, and 1,339,380 for the city region as of 2014 (Edinburgh lies at the heart of the proposed Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region). Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London.", "The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress), is one of two major political parties in India; the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party." ]

[ "bank", "diversity", "general", "governor", "king", "major", "member", "minister", "moderator", "official", "ornithologist", "rebel", "research", "science", "scout", "sovereign", "united kingdom" ]

[ "The USA Cycling Professional Tour is a professional road bicycle racing series organized by USA Cycling.", "Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. Persons engaged in cycling are referred to as \"cyclists\", \"bikers\", or less commonly, as \"bicyclists\". Apart from two-wheeled bicycles, \"cycling\" also includes the riding of unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, recumbent and similar human-powered vehicles (HPVs).", "California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.", "Nevada (Spanish for \"snowy\"; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las VegasParadise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the \"Silver State\" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the \"Battle Born State\", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words \"Battle Born\" also appear on the state flag); as the \"Sage-brush State\", for the native plant of the same name; and as the \"Sage-hen State\". Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.", "The 2009 Amgen Tour of California was the 4th running of an annual cycling race contained within the state of California . The event was staged February 14 -- 22 and began with a prologue in the state capital of Sacramento . The event was held as part of the schedule of both the UCI America Tour and USA Cycling Professional Tour . The race was won by Levi Leipheimer for the third consecutive year .", "The Tour of California (officially known as the Amgen Tour of California for sponsorship purposes) is an annual professional cycling stage race on the UCI America Tour and USA Cycling Professional Tour. It was first held in 2006. The eight-day race covers 650700 miles (1,0451,126 km) through the U.S. state of California. A typical edition might begin in Nevada City, travel through the redwoods, wine country and the Pacific Coast, and finish in a southern California city such as Escondido. The 2009 race crossed the Central Valley from Merced to Fresno, with an excursion through the Sierra Nevada foothills, before crossing over to the coast. The tour is sponsored by Amgen, a large California-based biotech company.", "Los Angeles (Spanish for \"The Angels\"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over ." ]

[ "cycling", "road bicycle racing", "spanish" ]

[ "Brenda Song (born March 27, 1988) is an American actress, model, spokesperson, and taekwondo practitioner. Song started in show business as a child fashion model. Her early television work included roles in the television shows \"Fudge\" (1995) and \"100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd\" (1999). After many commercials and television roles in the late 1990s, Song won a Young Artist Award for her performance in \"The Ultimate Christmas Present\" (2000). In 2002, Song signed a contract with Disney Channel and starred in the 2002 Disney Channel Original Movie \"Get a Clue\" and then made significant contributions to the channel, including \"Stuck in the Suburbs\" (2004) and many other productions. In 2005, Song began playing the lead female role of London Tipton in the \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". The character is noted as one of Disney's longest continuous characters.", "Max Giorgio Choa Minghella (born 16 September 1985) is an English actor and screenwriter. He has appeared in several American films, making his debut in \"Bee Season\" (2005) before starring in \"Art School Confidential\" (2006), \"The Social Network\" (2010) and \"The Internship\" (2013).", "Rashida Leah Jones (born February 25, 1976) is an American actress, comic book author, producer, singer, and screenwriter. She is known for playing Ann Perkins on NBC's comedy \"Parks and Recreation\", Louisa Fenn on Fox's \"Boston Public\", and Karen Filippelli on \"The Office\". She has had film roles in \"I Love You, Man\" (2009), \"Our Idiot Brother\" (2011), \"The Social Network\" (2010), \"The Muppets\" (2011), and \"Celeste and Jesse Forever\" (2012), for which she wrote the screenplay. She now plays the lead role in the TBS comedy series \"Angie Tribeca\", and wrote the screenplay for \"Toy Story 4\".", "David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American director and producer, notably for films, television series, and music videos. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for the romantic fantasy drama \"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\" (2008) and the drama \"The Social Network\" (2010). For the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and the BAFTA Award for Best Direction.", "Sean Parker (born December 3, 1979) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist who cofounded the file-sharing computer service Napster and served as the first president of the social networking website Facebook. He also cofounded Plaxo, Causes, Airtime, and Brigade, an online platform for civic engagement. He is the founder and chairman of the Parker Foundation, which focuses on life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement. On the \"Forbes\" 2016 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of US$2.4 billion.", "Jesse Adam Eisenberg (born October 5, 1983) is an American actor, author and playwright. He made his television debut with the short-lived comedy-drama series \"Get Real\" (19992000). Following his first leading role in the comedy-drama film \"Roger Dodger\" (2002), he appeared in the drama film \"The Emperor's Club\" (2002), the psychological thriller \"The Village\" (2004), the comedy-drama \"The Squid and the Whale\" (2005) and the drama \"The Education of Charlie Banks\" (2007). In 2006, Eisenberg won the Vail Film Festival Rising Star Award for his role in \"The Living Wake\".", "Eduardo Luiz Saverin (born 19 March 1982) is a Brazilian Internet entrepreneur, economist and angel investor. Saverin is one of the co-founders of Facebook. , he owns 53 million Facebook shares (approximately 0.4% of all outstanding shares) and has a net worth of $7.2 billion, according to \"Forbes\". He has also invested in early-stage startups such as Qwiki and Jumio.", "Andrew Russell Garfield (born 20 August 1983) is an American-British actor. Born in Los Angeles and raised in Epsom, Surrey, Garfield began his career on the UK stage and in television productions. He made his feature-film debut in the 2007 ensemble drama \"Lions for Lambs\". Garfield first came to international attention in 2010 with supporting roles in the drama films \"The Social Network\", for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for his portrayal of Eduardo Saverin, and \"Never Let Me Go\", for which he received a Saturn Award and another BAFTA nomination.", "Aaron Benjamin Sorkin (born June 9, 1961) is an American screenwriter, producer, and playwright. His works include the Broadway plays \"A Few Good Men\" and \"The Farnsworth Invention\"; the television series \"Sports Night\", \"The West Wing\", \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\" and \"The Newsroom\"; and the films \"A Few Good Men\", \"The American President\", \"Charlie Wilson's War\", \"The Social Network\", \"Moneyball\" and \"Steve Jobs\".", "Shelby Young ( born April 8 , 1992 ) is an American actress best known for her roles in The Social Network , American Horror Story , and Nightlight .", "Ben Mezrich (born February 7, 1969) is an American author from Princeton, New Jersey, United States.", "Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (born May 14, 1984) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He is the chairman, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Facebook. His net worth is estimated to be US $53.6 billion as of 2017, ranking him the 5th richest person in the world.", "Armand Douglas \"Armie\" Hammer (born August 28, 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of the Winklevoss twins in the film \"The Social Network\" (2010), Prince Andrew Alcott in \"Mirror Mirror\" (2012) and the title character in the 2013 adventure film \"The Lone Ranger\" (2013). He took over David McCallum's role of Illya Kuryakin in \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\" (2015), and stars as Oliver in the 2017 romance drama \"Call Me By Your Name\". For his portrayal of Clyde Tolson in \"J. Edgar\" (2011), he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award.", "Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981)\nis an American singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. Born in Memphis, Tennessee, he appeared on the television shows \"Star Search\" and \"The All-New Mickey Mouse Club\" as a child. In the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. During their hiatus, Timberlake released his debut solo album, the R&B-focused \"Justified\" (2002), which yielded the successful singles \"Cry Me a River\" and \"Rock Your Body\", and earned his first two Grammy Awards.", "Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (known professionally as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, and formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jack's best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later. Its name is derived from \"Columbia\", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo. In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant. In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.", "The Social Network is a 2010 American drama film directed by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin. Adapted from Ben Mezrich's 2009 book \"The Accidental Billionaires: The Founding of Facebook, A Tale of Sex, Money, Genius, and Betrayal\", the film portrays the founding of social networking website Facebook and the resulting lawsuits. It stars Jesse Eisenberg as founder Mark Zuckerberg, along with Andrew Garfield as Eduardo Saverin and Justin Timberlake as Sean Parker, the other principals involved in the website's creation. Armie Hammer, Max Minghella, Josh Pence, Brenda Song, and Rashida Jones also star. Neither Zuckerberg nor any other Facebook staff were involved with the project, although Saverin was a consultant for Mezrich's book. The film was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on October 1, 2010." ]

[ "actor", "actress", "angel investor", "artist", "author", "book", "chief executive officer", "comic book", "computer", "director", "economist", "entertainment", "entrepreneur", "fashion", "film distributor", "founder", "investor", "member", "model", "philanthropist", "platform", "playwright", "president", "prince", "producer", "programmer", "sales", "screenwriter", "singer", "songwriter", "spokesperson", "television" ]

[ "Botswana , officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens refer to themselves as \"Batswana\" (singular: \"Motswana\"). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections.", "The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) is the governing party in Botswana. Its chairman is the current Vice President of the Republic of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. The previous party chairs include, among others, Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Daniel Kwelagobe, Samson Guma Moyo, and Lieutenant General Ian Khama. ", "Quett Ketumile Joni Masire , GCMG ( born 23 July 1925 in Kanye , Botswana ) was the second President of Botswana for the Botswana Democratic Party from 1980 to 1998 . He stepped down and was succeeded by the then Vice-President of Botswana , Festus Mogae , who became the third President of Botswana . Prior to this , he was a leading figure in the independence movement and then the new government , and played a crucial role in facilitating and protecting Botswana 's steady financial growth and development .", "The President of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Botswana Defence Force, according to the Constitution of Botswana.", "Lieutenant General Dr Seretse Khama Ian Khama (or Ian a Serêtsê; born 27 February 1953) is a Botswana politician who has been the President of Botswana since 2008. After serving as Commander of the Botswana Defence Force, he entered politics and served as Vice-President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008, then succeeded Festus Mogae as President on 1 April 2008. He won a full term in the 2009 election and was re-elected in October 2014.", "Festus Gontebanye Mogae (born 21 August 1939) is a Motswana politician who served as President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008. He succeeded Quett Masire as President in 1998 and was reelected in October 2004; after ten years in office, he stepped down in 2008 and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Ian Khama.", "Representative democracy (also indirect democracy, representative republic, or psephocracy) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies are types of representative democracies; for example, the United Kingdom is a crowned republic, Ireland is a parliamentary republic, and the United States is a federal republic.", "A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).", "A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state. In exchange for this, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of their relationship. Therefore, a protectorate remains an autonomous part of a sovereign state. They are different from colonies as they have local rulers and people ruling over the territory and experience rare cases of immigration of settlers from the country it has suzerainty of. However, a state which remains under the protection of another state but still retains independence is known as a protected state and is different from protectorates.", "The Vice-President of Botswana is the second-highest executive official in the Government of Botswana." ]

[ "democratic party", "general", "lieutenant", "official", "politician", "president", "prior", "sovereign", "united kingdom", "vice president" ]

[ "Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde is the debut album of American hip hop group The Pharcyde, released on November 24, 1992 through Delicious Vinyl Records. The album was produced by former group member J-Swift, and features only one guest appearance, provided by little known Los Angeles rapper Bucwheed (known then as \"Buckwheat\" from The Wascals). In the years after its release, \"Bizarre Ride\" has been hailed by music critics and alternative hip hop fans, as a classic hip hop album along with Souls of Mischief's \"93 'til Infinity\", and has appeared in numerous publications' \"best albums\" lists.", "Labcabincalifornia is the second album by The Pharcyde , released in 1995 , three years after their debut Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde . The album 's production was handled by The Pharcyde themselves and Jay Dee , with additional help from Diamond D and M - Walk . The first single was `` Drop '' . The video for `` Drop '' was directed by Spike Jonze , and used footage of the group performing the song backwards , replayed backwards , giving it a surreal quality . The backwards theme of the video is also a reference to the song itself , which features a backwards sample . `` Drop '' was a hit , as was the follow - up single `` Runnin ' , '' which peaked at # 55 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Overall , this album is a more mellow and introspective affair than their debut and features more somber themes such as dealing with fame and success , drug abuse , and broken down relationships . Album sales compared to Bizarre Ride did not fare as well ; the group was not able to reach Gold status .", "The Pharcyde is an American alternative hip hop group, formed in 1989, from South Central Los Angeles. The original four members of the group are Imani (Emandu Wilcox), Slimkid3 (Trevant Hardson), Bootie Brown (Romye Robinson), and Fatlip (Derrick Stewart). DJ Mark Luv was the group's first disc jockey (DJ), followed by producer J-Swift and then J Dilla. The group is perhaps best known for the hit singles \"Drop\", \"Passin' Me By\" and \"Runnin'\", as well as their first album, \"Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde\" (1992). The group continues to tour and record, both collaboratively and in solo projectsthe most recent being Hardson's collaborative EP with the award-winning DJ Nu-Mark (of Jurassic 5) released in 2014 on Delicious Vinyl.", "The Diggin' in the Crates Crew, also known as D.I.T.C., is an American hip hop collective formed in 1990 in New York City. The collective's name derives from the art of seeking out records to sample for production. The collective is composed of Big L, Lord Finesse, Diamond D, O.C., Fat Joe, Buckwild, Showbiz, and A.G.. Its members have achieved substantial and consistent recognition in underground rap circles, having often collaborated with undiscovered talents and underground artists alongside the most commercial of rappers.", "93 'til Infinity is the debut album by Souls of Mischief. The group consists of four members (A-Plus, Opio, Phesto, and Tajai) and is a subgroup of the Oakland, California hip-hop collective Hieroglyphics. The album was released on September 28, 1993", "Delicious Vinyl is an American independent record label founded by Matt Dike and Michael Ross in 1987 and based in Los Angeles. The label is distributed by Concord Bicycle Music.", "Diamond D (born Joseph Kirkland; April 5, 1970) is a hip hop producer and MC from the Bronx, New York City, and one of the founding members of the Diggin' in the Crates Crew.", "Mark Potsic, better known by his stage name DJ Nu-Mark, is an American hip hop producer and DJ. In 1995 he was the DJ for West Coast Hip Hop group Mannish and produced the track Speaker Time on their one and only classic album Audio Sedative. He is a member of Jurassic 5, as well as the owner of Hot Plate Records. He has collaborated with and produced for a variety of artists across different genres, including J-Live, Aloe Blacc, Charles Bradley, and Bumpy Knuckles, among others.", "A disc jockey (abbreviated DJ, D.J. or deejay) is a person who mixes recorded music as it is playing. Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to gramophone records, but now \"DJ\" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any sources, including cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files on a CDJ or laptop. DJs typically perform for a live or broadcast audience, but DJs also create mixes that are recorded for later sale and distribution.", "Jurassic 5 is an American alternative hip hop group formed in 1993 by members of two previous groups (Rebels of Rhythm and Unity Committee): rappers Charles Stewart (Chali 2na), Dante Givens (Akil), Courtenay Henderson (Soup aka Fullee Love/ Zaakir), Marc Stuart (Marc 7); and disc jockeys Mark Potsic (DJ Nu-Mark) and Lucas Macfadden (Cut Chemist). \nThe six piece crew that was formed, came out of the Los Angeles venue Good Life.\nThe group broke up in 2007,\nshortly after releasing their fourth LP \"Feedback\", citing \"musical differences,\" but returned to the stage in 2013 and released a new track in 2014. The members have continued to release music, the most recent of which is Nu-Mark's 2014 EP with Pharcyde member Slimkid3 (released on Delicious Vinyl).", "Alternative hip hop (also known as alternative rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music that encompasses the wide range of styles of hip hop that have not become identified as mainstream. AllMusic defines it as follows: \"Alternative rap refers to hip hop groups that tend not to conform to any of the traditional forms of rap, such as gangsta, bass, hardcore, pop, and party rap. Instead, they blur genres drawing equally from funk and rock, as well as jazz, soul, reggae, country, electronic, and even folk.\"", "\"Passin' Me By\" is a song by American hip-hop group The Pharcyde, released in March 1993 through Delicious Vinyl Records. The song was the second single released from the group's 1992 debut \"Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde\". The song, produced by J-Swift, utilizes samples from \"Summer in the City\" by Quincy Jones, \"125th Street Congress\" by Weather Report and \"Are You Experienced?\" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience. \"Passin' Me By\" was in turn sampled by Joe for his number 1 single \"Stutter\". A popular line from the song, \"\"My dear my dear my dear you do not know me but I know you very well now let me tell you\",\" was also repeated in the same manner in \"Stutter\" with the only difference between the lines being that the words \"\"about the feelings I have for you\"\" were changed to \"\"that I caught you\"\" in \"Stutter.\"", "Souls of Mischief is a hip hop group from Oakland, California, that is also part of the hip hop collective Hieroglyphics. The Souls of Mischief formed in 1991 and is composed of rappers A-Plus, Opio, Phesto, and Tajai.", "J-Swift is an Afro-Cuban Spanish American music producer responsible for songs with groups on the Delicious Vinyl Label. He has produced the hip hop groups The Pharcyde and The Wascals.", "Trevant \"Tre\" Hardson best known by his stage name Slimkid3 (Slim Kid Tre; sometimes stylized as SlimKid3), is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Los Angeles, California. He is a founding member of The Pharcyde.", "The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U.S. state of New York. It is geographically south of Westchester County; north and east of the island and borough of Manhattan to the south and west across the Harlem River; and north of the borough of Queens, across the East River. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one that has the majority of its area on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of and a population of 1,455,444 in 2015, has the fourth-largest land area, the fourth-highest population, and the third-highest population density. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York and the third most densely populated county in the United States." ]

[ "1995", "album", "delicious vinyl", "diggin ' in the crates crew", "digital", "funk", "hieroglyphics", "independent record label", "island", "pop", "record" ]

[ "The Turco-Mongol or Turko-Mongol tradition was a cultural synthesis that arose during the early 14th century, among the ruling elites of Mongol Empire successor states such as the Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde. These elites adopted Turkic languages and different religions such as Buddhism and Islam, while retaining Mongol political and legal institutions. Many later Central Asian states drew heavily on this tradition, including the Timurid Empire, the Kazakh Khanate, the Khanate of Kazan, the Nogai Khanate, the Crimean Khanate, and the Mughal Empire.", "Zb - un - Nis ( Persian : ) * ( 15 February 1638 -- 26 May 1702 ) was an Imperial Princess of the Mughal Empire as the eldest child of Emperor Aurangzeb and his Empress consort Dilras Banu Begum . She was also a poet , who wrote under the pen name `` Makhfi '' ( , `` Hidden One '' ) . Imprisoned by her father in the last 20 years of her life at Salimgarh Fort , Delhi , Princess Zeb - un - Nissa is remembered as a poet , and her writings were collected posthumously as Diwan - i - Makhfi .", "Salimgarh Fort (literally \"Salims Fort\") was built in 1546 AD, in Delhi, in a former island of the Yamuna River, by Salim Shah Suri, son of Sher Shah Suri. There was a pause in Mughal rule when in 1540 AD Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal Emperor Humayun (and ousted him from Delhi) and established the Sur dynasty rule in Delhi. Sur dynasty rule lasted till 1555 AD when Humayun regained his kingdom by defeating Sikander Suri, the last ruler of the dynasty. During the Mughal period, in later years, while building the Red Fort and Shahjahanbad, several Mughal rulers including Emperor Shahjahan who is credited with completing Shahjahanabad in 1639 AD had camped at this fort. It is said that Humayun had camped at this fort for three days before launching his successful attack for recapturing Delhi.", "Sher Shah Suri (148622 May 1545) was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun.", "The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire, self-designated as Gurkani (\"Grkniyn\", meaning \"son-in-law\"), was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. The dynasty, though ethnically Turco-Mongol, was Persianate in terms of culture." ]

[ "mughal empire", "sur", "timurid empire" ]

[ "Yellowjacket is the common name in North America for predatory wasps of the genera \"Vespula\" and \"Dolichovespula\". Members of these genera are known simply as \"wasps\" in other English-speaking countries. Most of these are black and yellow like the eastern yellowjacket \"Vespula maculifrons\" and the Saxon wasp \"Dolichovespula saxonica\"; some are black and white like the bald-faced hornet, \"Dolichovespula maculata\". Others may have the abdomen background color red instead of black. They can be identified by their distinctive markings, their occurrence only in colonies, and a characteristic, rapid, side-to-side flight pattern prior to landing. All females are capable of stinging. Yellowjackets are in fact important predators of pest insects.", "The eastern yellow jacket or eastern yellowjacket (\"Vespula maculifrons\") is a wasp found in eastern North America. Although most of their nests are subterranean, they are often considered a pest due to their nesting in recreational areas and buildings. This yellow jacket is a social insect, living in colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals. Along with their subfamily, Vespinae, this species demonstrates supportive parental care for offspring, separation of reproductive and sterile castes, and overlapping generations. They aggressively defend their hives from threats and are known to inflict painful stings.", "North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. North is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west.", "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.", "Vespula is a small genus of social wasps , widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere . Along with members of their sister genus Dolichovespula , they are collectively known by the common name yellowjackets ( or yellow jackets ) in North America . The Vespula genus has a higher male paternity compared to Dolichovespula norwegica wasps.Vespula species have a shorter oculomalar space ( shown in the figure below right ) and a more pronounced tendency to nest underground than Dolichovespula .", "The invariable plane of a planetary system, also called Laplace's invariable plane, is the plane passing through its barycenter (center of mass) perpendicular to its angular momentum vector. In the Solar System, about 98% of this effect is contributed by the orbital angular momenta of the four jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). The invariable plane is within 0.5° of the orbital plane of Jupiter, and may be regarded as the weighted average of all planetary orbital and rotational planes.", "In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.", "A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.", "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".", "Generally speaking, a calendar year begins on the New Year's Day of the given calendar system and ends on the day before the following New Year's Day, and thus consists of a whole number of days. A calendar year can also start on any other named day of the calendar, and end on the day before this named day in the following year. To reconcile the calendar year with the astronomical cycle (which has a fractional number of days) certain years contain extra days.", "In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, or, equivalently, the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane. It differs from orbital inclination.", "Dolichovespula is a small genus of social wasps distributed widely throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The yellow and black members of the genus are known by the common name yellowjackets in North America, such as \"Dolichovespula norwegica\", along with members of their sister genus \"Vespula\". In a study on the nesting biology of \"Dolichovespula,\" \"D. maculata\" was found to have the largest population count at 771.", "Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates, between autumn and spring. Winter is caused by the axis of the Earth in that hemisphere being oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and some use a definition based on weather. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. In many regions, winter is associated with snow and freezing temperatures. The moment of winter solstice is when the sun's elevation with respect to the North or South Pole is at its most negative value (that is, the sun is at its farthest below the horizon as measured from the pole), meaning this day will have the shortest day and the longest night. The earliest sunset and latest sunrise dates outside the polar regions differ from the date of the winter solstice, however, and these depend on latitude, due to the variation in the solar day throughout the year caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit (see earliest and latest sunrise and sunset).", "The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's North pole.\nDue to the Earth's axial tilt, winter in the Northern Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March Equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer lasts from the June solstice (typically June 21 UTC) through to the September equinox (typically September 23 UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year.", "Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just \"binomial\"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus \"Homo\" and within this genus to the species \"Homo sapiens\". The \"formal\" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work \"Species Plantarum\" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book \"Pinax theatri botanici\" (English, \"Illustrated exposition of plants\") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.", "A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant. The Apocrita have a common evolutionary ancestor and form a clade; wasps as a group do not form a clade, but are paraphyletic with respect to bees and ants.", "A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water." ]

[ "animal", "area", "areas", "axis", "cardinal", "dolichovespula", "extra", "homo", "hornet", "hymenoptera", "insects", "planes", "vespinae", "vespula" ]

[ "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.\nTaiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.", "The Wii Shop Channel is an online shop for the Wii video game console that allows users to download Virtual Console games, WiiWare games, and additional channels. Downloading may require redeeming Wii Points. The channel launched with Wii on November 19, 2006. Available software is currently organized into three sections: Virtual Console, WiiWare, and Wii Channels.", "The is an 8-bit handheld video game device with interchangeable cartridges developed and manufactured by Nintendo, which was first released in Japan on , in North America on and in Europe on . It is the first handheld console in the Game Boy line and was created by Satoru Okada and Nintendo Research & Development 1. This same team, led by Gunpei Yokoi at the time, is credited with designing the Game & Watch series as well as several popular games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Redesigned versions were released in 1996 and 1998 in the form of Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Light (Japan only), respectively.", "The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for \"Developers' System\" or \"Dual Screen\", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.", "Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the \"Democratic People's Republic of Korea\") and South Korea (officially the \"Republic of Korea\"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "Endless Ocean (Forever Blue in Japan) is a video game for the Wii. It is published by Nintendo and was developed by Arika. It was released on August 2, 2007, in Japan, November 9, 2007, in Europe and January 21, 2008 in North America after it had been planned for an October 2007 release.", "WiiWare is a service that allows Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo. These games and applications can only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section. Once the user has downloaded the game or application, it will appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel. WiiWare is a companion to the Virtual Console, which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games.", "Dr. Mario Express , known in Japan and PAL regions as A Little Bit of ... Dr. Mario ( Dr . MARIO Chotto Dr. Mario ) , is a Mario action puzzle video game published by Nintendo . The game was released exclusively as a DSiWare title for the Nintendo DSi platform . Dr. Mario Express was first released as a launch title for the DSiWare service in Japan on December 24 , 2008 , and was released in both North America and PAL regions in 2009 . The game was developed by Arika , which had also created Dr. Mario Online Rx for WiiWare . Dr. Mario Express features the general gameplay of earlier Dr. Mario puzzle games , which focus on eliminating colored viruses from the playing field by matching them with colored capsules . Dr. Mario Express received generally positive reviews , but was criticized for offering fewer playable game modes than earlier Dr. Mario titles .", ", sometimes abbreviated as VC, is a specialized section of the Wii Shop Channel and Nintendo eShop online services that allows players to purchase and download retro games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home gaming consoles and the Nintendo 3DS portable gaming console. Reggie Fils-Aime has stated that a Virtual Console service will also be featured on Nintendo Switch.", "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.", "The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "The (known internally as the System Menu) is the graphical shell of the Wii game console, as part of the Wii system software. It has four pages, each with a 4:3 grid, and each displaying the current time and date. Available applications, known as \"channels\", are displayed and can be navigated using the pointer capability of the Wii Remote. The grid is customizable; users can move channels (except for the Disc Channel) amongst the menu's 47 customizable slots by pressing and holding the A and B button while hovering over the channel the user wants to move. By pressing the plus and minus buttons on the Wii Remote users can scroll across accessing empty slots.", "Arika is well known for the \"\" series and \"Cardcaptor Sakura\" series. A recent notable game by the developer is \"Endless Ocean\", a scuba diving game for the Wii.", "Dr. Mario Online Rx, released in Japan as and in Europe and Australia as Dr. Mario & Germ Buster, is a puzzle video game starring Dr. Mario. It was one of the WiiWare launch games in Japan, Europe, and Australia, and was released on March 25, 2008 (Japan) and May 20, 2008 (Europe/Australia). It was released in North America on May 26, 2008. It costs 1000 Wii Points and takes up 103 Blocks.", "The (abbreviated as GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed, manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001, in North America on June 11, 2001, in Australia and Europe on June 22, 2001, and in the People's Republic of China on June 8, 2004 (excluding Hong Kong). Nintendo's competitors in the handheld market at the time were the Neo Geo Pocket Color, WonderSwan, GP32, Tapwave Zodiac, and the N-Gage. Despite the competitors' best efforts, Nintendo maintained a majority market share with the Game Boy Advance.\nAs of June 30, 2010, the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide. Its successor, the Nintendo DS, was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software.", "The is a dual-screen handheld game console released by Nintendo. The console launched in Japan on November 1, 2008, and worldwide beginning in April 2009. It is the third iteration of the Nintendo DS, and its primary market rival is Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP). The fourth iteration, entitled Nintendo DSi XL, is a larger model that launched in Japan on November 21, 2009, and worldwide beginning in March 2010. Development of the DSi began in late 2006, and the handheld was unveiled during an October 2008 Nintendo conference in Tokyo. Consumer demand convinced Nintendo to produce a slimmer handheld with larger screens than the DS Lite. Consequently, Nintendo removed the Game Boy Advance (GBA) cartridge slot to improve portability without sacrificing durability." ]

[ "bit", "download", "game boy advance", "japan", "nintendo 3ds", "nintendo ds", "wii", "wiiware" ]

[ "The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People's Republic of China. The PLA consists of five professional service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Rocket Force and the Strategic Support Force.", "Xi Jinping (, ; born 15 June 1953) is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. As Xi holds the top offices of the party and the military, in addition to being the head of state through the office of the president, he is sometimes referred to as China's \"Paramount Leader\" and recognized by the party as its leadership \"core\". As General Secretary, Xi holds an ex-officio seat on the Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision-making body.", "Li Dazhao (October 29, 1888 April 28, 1927) was a Chinese intellectual who co-founded the Communist Party of China with Chen Duxiu in 1921.", "A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. In developing the current Constitution of France (1958), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody \"the spirit of the nation\" (\"\"). In some countries, typically those with parliamentary governments, the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom). In other countries, the head of state is also the head of government, such as in the U.S., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who, in practice, oversees the executive branch.", "The Vice President of the People's Republic of China, formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, or abbreviated \"Guóji Fùzhxí\" , literally State Vice-chairman) is a senior ceremonial position in the government of the People's Republic of China.", "Li Yuanchao (born 20 November 1950) is the Vice President of the People's Republic of China. He is also a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and Honorary President of the Red Cross Society of China. He was a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China and head of its Organization Department between 2007 and 2012. From 2002 to 2007, Li served as the Communist Party of China Secretary of Jiangsu, the top leader of an area of significant economic development. He is considered a figure of China's fifth generation of leadership. He is married to Gao Jianjin and has a son named Li Haijin.", "The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China, and forces loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC). The war began in August 1927, with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's Northern Expedition, and essentially ended when major hostilities ceased in 1950. It can generally be divided into two stages; the first being from 1927 to 1937, and the second being from 1946 to 1950 with the Second Sino-Japanese War separating them. The war was a major turning point in modern Chinese history, with the CPC gaining control of almost the entirety of Mainland China, establishing the People's Republic of China (PRC) to replace the KMT's Republic of China (ROC). It also caused a lasting political and military standoff between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, with the ROC in Taiwan and the PRC in mainland China both officially claiming to be the legitimate government of all of China.", "Chen Duxiu (October 8, 1879 May 27, 1942) was a Chinese revolutionary socialist, educator, philosopher, and author, who co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (with Li Dazhao) in 1921, serving from 1921 to 1927 as its first General Secretary. Chen was a leading figure in the anti-imperial Xinhai Revolution and the May Fourth Movement for Science and Democracy. Politically, he advocated the Trotskyist theory of Marxism.", "Jiangsu, formerly romanized as Kiangsu, is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China, one of the leading provinces in manufacturing electronics and apparel items, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.", "The Foreign Affairs Leading ( Small ) Group ( FALG or FALSG ) ( simplified Chinese : ; traditional Chinese : ; pinyin : Zhngyng Wàishì Gngzuò Lngdo Xioz ) is a ad hoc supra - ministerial policy coordination and consultation body of the Communist Party of China that exercises general oversight on matters related to foreign affairs . It is currently chaired by Party General Secretary and President Xi Jinping , who is assisted by Vice President Li Yuanchao , and its membership includes officials of minister - rank and above . The FALG became much more important in the 1990s as the PRC leadership became much more institutionalized and less focused on factional and informal politics . Since 1993 the leader of the group had also served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and President of the People 's Republic of China . The main execution body of the FALG is the Foreign Affairs Office .", "A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. The party agrees on some proposed policies and programmes, with a view to promoting the collective good or furthering their supporters' interests.", "The Kuomintang (or ; KMT), often translated as the Nationalist Party of China or Chinese Nationalist Party, also spelled as Guomindang (GMD) by its Pinyin transliteration, is a major political party in the Republic of China, currently the second-largest in the country.", "The Bharatiya Janata Party (translation: Indian People's Party; BJP) is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress. , it is the country's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies, and it is the world's largest party in terms of primary membership. The BJP is a right-wing party, with close ideological and organisational links to the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.", "The Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee is a body serving the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and its Standing Committee. The Secretariat is mainly responsible for carrying out routine operations of the Politburo and the coordination of organizations and stakeholders to achieve tasks as set out by the Politburo. It is empowered by the Politburo to make routine day-to-day decisions on issues of concern in accordance to the decisions of the Politburo, but it must consult the Politburo on substantive matters.", "The Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China formally Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, formerly known as Central Bureau () before 1927, is a group of 25 people who oversee the Communist Party of China. Unlike politburos (political bureaus) of other Communist parties, power within the politburo is centralized in the Politburo Standing Committee. The Politburo is nominally elected by the Central Committee.", "In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader (, \"Zuìgo lngdo rén\") of the Communist Party of China and the State is an informal term that refers to the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China.", "Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau; however, it usually includes Hainan. The term \"mainland China\", which avoids calling the area simply \"China\" and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as \"the\" \"China\", was coined by the Kuomintang (KMT) after receiving control of Taiwan from Japan after World War II. By 1949, the KMT-led Republic of China (ROC) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of Taiwan where the KMT pledged to \"retake the Mainland\". The KMT considers both sides of the Taiwan Strait (including Taiwan), as (one) \"China\" and one country, whereas Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) considers only mainland China as \"China\" and Taiwan (ROC) as \"Taiwan\" and maintains that they are different countries.", "The Red Cross Society of China is the national Red Cross Society in the People's Republic of China.", "The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CPC is the sole governing party of China, although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that comprise the United Front; these parties, however, hold no real power or independence from the CPC. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 the CPC had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, thus leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The CPC is currently the world's second largest political party with a membership of 88.76 million as of 2016 (while the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party appears to have remained the largest with a membership of 110 million as of the previous year, 2015). It also controls the world's largest armed force, the People's Liberation Army. " ]

[ "area", "armed forces", "chinese", "collective", "committee", "communist party", "concern", "constitution", "country", "cross", "day", "department", "electronics", "executive branch", "good", "government", "group", "head", "history", "india", "island", "june", "jurisdiction", "may", "member", "military", "nation", "november", "october", "organization", "parliament", "part", "party", "people", "persona", "politburo", "political party", "position", "province", "public", "queen", "republic", "revolutionary", "river", "rocket", "service", "society", "spirit", "state", "term", "theory", "transliteration", "two", "vice", "war", "wing" ]

[ "Verona Park is a park located in Verona , as part of the Essex County Park System , New Jersey . Verona Park is a 54.32 - acre ( 219,800 m2 ) park with a lake bordered by Lakeside and Bloomfield Avenues in the southern part of Verona . This is the fifth largest park within the system . Once an old swamp , the lake was first formed in 1814 when Doctor Gone ( or Bohn ) dammed the Peckman River for a grist mill. Later this lake surrounded by weeping willow trees and winding paths became an ideal location for family activities . Even before it became a county park , the public -- including residents outside Verona -- flocked there by way of the Bloomfield Avenue trolley , to bathe and picnic and enjoy some commercial amusements . The first land acquisitions for the park were made in 1920 . Demand for acquisition of this desirable tract had been increasing for some time , but action was delayed due to economic conditions caused by the war . To acquire part of this land owned by the Erie Railroad Company , an agreement was made allowing the RR to retain a right - of - way across the park by means of a bridge . Sketches showed a bridge with a series of high arches that spanned the lake and roadway . Fortunately , this bridge never materialized . Instead , the existing arched pedestrian bridge over the lake presents a quaint architectural highlight . The landscape plans prepared by the Olmsted Brothers were approved the same year Verona Park was acquired . Actual development did not start until several years later due to court proceedings concerning condemnation of some of the land . There was no inconvenience to the public during the delay because the park was already being used for boating , bathing , skating , picnics , and band concerts .", "New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern United States and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest U.S. state by per capita income as of 2014.", "The Essex County Park System, is the name given to the parks department located within Essex County, New Jersey, United States of America. The Essex County Park System is in charge of the upkeep and preservation of the parks, reservations and a number of other facilities, including golf courses and trails." ]

[ "atlantic ocean", "jersey", "united states of america" ]

[ "Ben Rhydding is a village in Wharfedale, West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Ilkley urban area and civil parish.", "The Local Government Act 1972 (c 70) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is an administrative parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish.", "A non-metropolitan county, or colloquially, shire county, is a county-level entity in England that is not a metropolitan county. The counties typically have populations of 300,000 to 1.4 million. The term \"shire county\" is, however, an unofficial usage. Many of the non-metropolitan counties bear historic names and most end in the suffix \"-shire\" such as Wiltshire or Staffordshire. Of the remainder, some counties had the -shire ending and have lost it over time; such as Devon and Somerset. \"Shire county\" is, strictly, a dual-language tautology since the French-derived \"county\" means the same as the older Anglo-Saxon word \"shire\".", "A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government.", "Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.", "The City of Bradford is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 528,155, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom after London, Birmingham and Manchester.", "Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. Historically in Yorkshire's West Riding, the history of Leeds can be traced to the 5th century when the name referred to a wooded area of the Kingdom of Elmet. The name has been applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the appellation of a small manorial borough in the 13th century, through several incarnations, to being the name attached to the present metropolitan borough. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a major centre for the production and trading of wool.", "North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan county (or shire county) and larger ceremonial county in England. It is located primarily in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber but partly in the region of North East England.", "The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, West Riding (abbreviated: \"County of York (W.R.)\") (the area under the control of West Riding County Council), was based closely on the historic boundaries. The lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York.", "North East England is one of the nine regions of England that are classified at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It covers Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and the Tees Valley. The region is home to three large conurbations: Teesside, Wearside, and Tyneside, the latter of which is the largest of the three and the eighth most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom. There are only three cities in the region; Newcastle upon Tyne is the largest city in the region with a population of just under 280,000, followed by Sunderland, both of which are located in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. The city of Durham is the county town of County Durham. Other large settlements in the region include Darlington; Gateshead; Hartlepool; Middlesbrough; South Shields; Stockton-on-Tees; Alnwick and Washington.", "Bradford is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, in the foothills of the Pennines west of Leeds, and northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.", "York is a historic walled city at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The municipality is the traditional county town of Yorkshire to which it gives its name. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events in England throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.", "West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in England. It is an inland and in relative terms upland county having eastward-draining valleys while taking in moors of the Pennines and has a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.", "Old English or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French, and Old English developed into the next historical form of English, known as Middle English.", "Yorkshire (or ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire.", "Yorkshire and the Humber is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It comprises most of Yorkshire (South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire including Hull, the shire county of North Yorkshire and the City of York), North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. It does not include Middlesbrough or Redcar and Cleveland (which are in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire but not in the shire county). The population in 2011 was 5,284,000.", "The Yorkshire Dales is an upland area of the Pennines in Northern England in the historic county of Yorkshire, most of it in the Yorkshire Dales National Park created in 1954. ", "A parish is a church territorial unit constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates, and who operates from a parish church. Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor (its association with the parish church remaining paramount).", "The Pennines , also known as the Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills, are a range of mountains and hills in Northern England separating North West England from Yorkshire and North East England.", "Northern England, or North of England, also known as the North or the North Country, is the northern part of England and one the country's three principal cultural areas, along with the Midlands and Southern England. Geographically, the area roughly spans from the River Trent and River Dee to the Scottish border in the north.", "The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level administrative division of England. There are six metropolitan counties, which each cover large urban areas, typically with populations of 1.2 to 2.8 million. They were created in 1972 and are each divided into several metropolitan districts or boroughs.", "The River Wharfe is a river in Yorkshire, England. For much of its length it is the county boundary between West Yorkshire and North Yorkshire. The name Wharfe derives from the Old English \"weorf\" or the Old Norse \"hverfr\" meaning winding river.", "A spa town is a resort town based around a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons visited spas to \"take the waters\" for their purported health benefits. The word \"spa\" is derived from the name of Spa, such a town in Belgium. ", "Middleton is a hamlet and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire , England . It is on the border with West Yorkshire and 1 mile north of the town centre of Ilkley , West Yorkshire and is continuous with the Middleton suburb of the town ( the area lying north of the River Wharfe ) . Westville House School is the school closest , being on the outskirts of Ilkley .", "Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford. Approximately north of Bradford and 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Leeds, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales.", "Wharfedale is one of the Yorkshire Dales in England. It is the upper valley of the River Wharfe. Towns and villages in Wharfedale (downstream, from west to east) include Buckden, Kettlewell, Conistone, Grassington, Hebden, Bolton Abbey, Addingham, Ilkley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Otley, Pool-in-Wharfedale, Arthington, Collingham and Wetherby. Beyond Wetherby, the valley opens out and becomes part of the Vale of York." ]

[ "abbey", "area", "association", "borough", "century", "chain", "channel", "charter", "city", "conquest", "conurbation", "council", "county", "county council", "county town", "destination", "diocese", "district", "division", "england", "geographical", "government", "island", "jurisdiction", "language", "local authority", "metropolitan", "metropolitan borough", "metropolitan county", "military", "mineral", "name", "nine", "official", "parish", "parish church", "part", "priest", "production", "range", "resort", "resort town", "riding", "river", "scottish", "settlement", "single", "size", "spa town", "spring", "suffix", "term", "territory", "the city", "three", "unitary authority", "valley", "village" ]

[ "Garri (also known as gari, garry, gali, \"cassava flakes\" or occasionally tapioca) is a popular West African food made from cassava tubers. The spelling 'garri' is mainly used in Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Benin, Togo and 'gari' in Ghana. In some sub-Saharan regions of Africa, it is referred to as 'gali'.", "Coconut milk is the liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut. It should not be confused with coconut water. The opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are attributed to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. Coconut milk is a popular food ingredient used in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and northern South America.", "Tapioca is a starch extracted from cassava root (\"Manihot esculenta\"). This species is native to the North Region of Brazil, but spread throughout the South American continent. The plant was carried by Portuguese and Spanish explorers to most of the West Indies, and continents of Africa and Asia, including the Philippines and Taiwan. It is now cultivated worldwide.", "The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.", "Colocasia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to southeastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions. Common names include tarul, karkala ko ganu, elephant-ear, taro, cocoyam, dasheen, chembu, champadhumpa, shavige gadde, and eddoe. Elephant-ear and cocoyam are also used for some other large-leaved genera in the Araceae, notably \"Xanthosoma\" and \"Caladium\". The generic name is derived from the ancient Greek word \"kolokasion\", which in the Greek botanist Dioscorides (1st century AD) meant the edible roots of both \"Colocasia esculenta\" and \"Nelumbo nucifera\". It is thought that the edible roots of \"Colocasia esculenta\" have been cultivated in Asia for more than ten thousand years. The species \"Colocasia esculenta\" is an invasive species in wetlands along the American Gulf coast, where it threatens to displace native wetland plants.", "Buntil is a traditional Javanese dish of grated coconut meat mixed with teri ( anchovies ) and spices , wrapped in papaya , cassava , or taro ( or other similar aroids ) leaves , then boiled in coconut milk and spices . It is a favourite dish in Java , and other than cooked homemade , it is also sold in warungs , restaurants or street side foodstalls , especially traditional temporary market during Ramadhan , prior of breaking the fast .", "The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 510 m tall. One species, \"Vasconcellea horovitziana\" is a liana and the three species of the genus \"Jarilla\" are herbs. Many species bear edible fruit and are source of papain .", "The papaya (or ) (from Carib via Spanish), papaw, or pawpaw is the plant Carica papaya, one of the 22 accepted species in the genus \"Carica\" of the family Caricaceae.", "Manihot esculenta (commonly called cassava, yuca, manioc, \"mandioca\" and Brazilian arrowroot) is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Spanish and in the United States, it differs from the yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fermented, flaky version is named \"garri\".", "Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.", "SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA). It is used broadly throughout South Korean industry, but seldom found elsewhere. It gained popularity in Korea because 40-bit encryption was not considered strong enough, so the Korea Information Security Agency developed its own standard. However, this decision has historically limited the competition of web browsers in Korea, as no major SSL libraries or web browsers supported the SEED algorithm, requiring users to use an ActiveX control in Internet Explorer for secure web sites.", "A warung (old spelling waroeng) is a type of small family-owned business often a casual shop, a modest small restaurant or café in Indonesia, and to a lesser extent, Malaysia. A \"warung\" is an essential part of daily life in Indonesia. Today, the term \"warung\" has slightly shifted especially among foreign visitors, expatriates, and people abroad to refer more specifically to a modest Indonesian restaurant or a place that sells things Indonesian (mostly groceries or foodstuff). ", "Alocasia macrorrhizos is a species of flowering plant in the arum family, Araceae, that it is native to rainforests from Malaysia to Queensland and has long been cultivated on many Pacific islands and elsewhere in the tropics. Common names include giant taro, ape, giant alocasia and pai. In Australia it is known as the cunjevoi (although that term also refers to a marine animal). ", "Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:", "South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).", "Alocasia is a genus of broad-leaved rhizomatous or tuberous perennials from the family Araceae. There are 79 species native to tropical and subtropical Asia to Eastern Australia, and widely cultivated elsewhere.", "The coconut tree (\"Cocos nucifera\") is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus \"Cocos\". The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word. The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word \"coco\" meaning \"head\" or \"skull\", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features.", "Taro commonly refers to the plant \"Colocasia esculenta\", the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the Araceae family which are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Thus, this article describes the \"dasheen\" form of taro; another variety of taro is known as eddoe or \"Colocasia antiquorum\". Other species of taro include giant taro (\"Alocasia macrorrhizos\"), swamp taro (\"Cyrtosperma merkusii\"), and arrowleaf elephant's ear (\"Xanthosoma sagittifolium\")." ]

[ "africa", "australia", "benin", "brazil", "cameroon", "chile", "ecuador", "guinea", "india", "indian subcontinent", "indonesia", "korea", "latin america", "malaysia", "mexico", "nigeria", "southeast asia" ]

[ "Torbay is a borough in Devon, England, administered by the unitary authority of Torbay Council. It consists of of land, spanning the towns of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham, located around an east-facing natural harbour (Tor Bay) on the English Channel. Torbay is roughly equidistant from the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. A popular tourist destination with a tight conurbation of resort towns, Torbay's sandy beaches, mild climate and recreational and leisure attractions have given rise to the nickname of the English Riviera.", "The English Channel (\"the Sleeve\" [hence ] \"Sea of Brittany\" \"British Sea\"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.", "North Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Barnstaple. Other towns and villages in the North Devon District include Braunton, Fremington, Ilfracombe, Instow, South Molton, Lynton and Lynmouth. The district was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the Barnstaple municipal borough, the Ilfracombe and Lynton urban districts, and the Barnstaple and South Molton rural districts.", "The Bristol Channel is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset in South West England. It extends from the lower estuary of the River Severn to the North Atlantic Ocean. It takes its name from the English city of Bristol, and is over 30 miles (50 km) across at its widest point.", "Torridge is a local government district in North Devon, England. Its council is based in Bideford. Other towns and villages in the district include Holsworthy, Great Torrington, Hartland and Westward Ho!. The island of Lundy is administratively part of the district. To the south of the district bordering Cornwall, near Welcombe, the rugged coastline has a wild untouched beauty, due to its inaccessibility, but the South West Coast Path is well defined. The district is named after the River Torridge.", "Dorset (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, and the unitary authority areas of Poole and Bournemouth. Covering an area of , Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. The county town is Dorchester which is in the south. After the reorganisation of local government in 1974 the county's border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation, while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.", "South Hams is a local government district on the south coast of Devon, England. It is administered partly by South Hams District Council, which has its headquarters in the town of Totnes, and partly by Devon County Council in the nearby city of Exeter. The area also contains the towns of Dartmouth, Kingsbridge, Ivybridge, Salcombe the largest of which is Ivybridge with a population of 11,851.", "A shire is a traditional term for a division of land, found in the United Kingdom and Australia. It was first used in Wessex from the beginning of Anglo-Saxon settlement, and spread to most of the rest of England in the tenth century.", "Plymouth is a city on the south coast of Devon, England, about south-west of Exeter and west-south-west of London, between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west where they join Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall.", "West Devon is a local government district and borough in Devon, England. Towns in the district include Chagford, Okehampton, Princetown, and Tavistock, where the council is based.", "Somerset is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel, its coastline facing southeastern Wales. Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset's county town is Taunton.", "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.", "Mid Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Tiverton.", "Devon County Council is the county council administering the English county of Devon. Based in the city of Exeter, the council covers the non-metropolitan county area of Devon. Members of the council (councillors) are elected every four years to represent the electorate of each county division, almost all being nominated by the major national political parties.", "Teignbridge is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Newton Abbot.", "Scott Cinemas Ltd. ( also Scott Cinemas Southwest Ltd. ) are a British cinema chain based in the English county of Devon .", "East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Sidmouth, and the largest town is Exmouth.", "South West England is one of nine official regions of England. It is the largest in area, covering and the counties of Gloucestershire, Bristol, Wiltshire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon and Cornwall, as well as the Isles of Scilly. Five million people live in South West England.", "Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.", "A County town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within the county, or it has been established over time as the \"de facto\" main town of a county. The concept of a county town eventually became detached from its original meaning of where the county administration or county hall is based. In fact, many county towns are no longer part of the administrative county. For example, Nottingham is administered by a unitary authority entirely separate from the rest of Nottinghamshire. Many county towns are classified as cities, but all are referred to as county towns regardless of whether city status is held or not.", "Cornwall is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area of England within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of and covers an area of . The administrative centre, and only city in Cornwall, is Truro, although the town of Falmouth has the largest population for a civil parish and the conurbation of Camborne, Pool and Redruth has the highest total population." ]

[ "bristol", "cornwall", "devon", "dorchester", "england", "exeter", "exmouth", "falmouth", "france", "hampshire", "ilfracombe", "london", "newton abbot", "nottingham", "paignton", "plymouth", "redruth", "scotland", "somerset", "south west england", "torquay", "totnes", "united kingdom", "wales" ]

[ "The Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City, formed in 1980. For the majority of their career, the group consisted of Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond (vocals, drums), Adam \"MCA\" Yauch (vocals, bass) and Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz (vocals, guitar).", "Neil Percival Young, (born November 12, 1945), is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, director and screenwriter. Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960. In 1966, after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds, he moved to Los Angeles, where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two albums by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1969. From his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums, sometimes warring with his recording company along the way. ", "Lead guitar is a guitar part which plays melody lines, instrumental fill passages, guitar solos, and occasionally, some riffs within a song structure. The lead is the featured guitar, which usually plays single-note-based lines or double-stops.\nIn rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz, punk, fusion, some pop, and other music styles, lead guitar lines are usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar, which consists of accompaniment chords and riffs.", "Scott Richard Weiland (born Scott Richard Kline; October 27, 1967  December 3, 2015) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. During a career spanning three decades, Weiland was best known as the lead singer of the band Stone Temple Pilots from 1989 to 2002, when they disbanded and reunited 2008 to be fired in 2013. He was also member of supergroups Velvet Revolver from 2003 to 2008 and Art of Anarchy from 2012 till 2015. He established himself as a solo artist as well, releasing three studio albums, two cover albums, a live album and collaborations with several other musicians since 1995.", "Rage Against the Machine (also known as RATM or simply Rage) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1991, the group consists of rapper and vocalist Zack de la Rocha, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, guitarist Tom Morello, and drummer Brad Wilk. They draw inspiration from early heavy metal instrumentation, as well as hip hop acts such as Afrika Bambaataa, Public Enemy, the Beastie Boys, and Dutch crossover band Urban Dance Squad. Rage Against the Machine is well known for the members' leftist and revolutionary political views, which are expressed in many of the band's songs. As of 2010, they had sold over 16 million records worldwide.", "Eric Kretz (born June 7, 1966) is an American musician and producer, best known as the drummer for the rock band Stone Temple Pilots. He was of German descent. He has also played for Talk Show and Spiralarms. Eric, who was born in San Jose, California, attended and graduated from Willow Glen High School in San Jose in 1984. He currently owns and operates Bomb Shelter Studios in Los Angeles. While in STP, Kretz has kept somewhat of a low profile but still contributed to the band's songwriting, most notably writing the music to the band's 1996 hit \"Trippin' on a Hole in a Paper Heart.\" Along with lead vocalist Scott Weiland, Kretz also wrote the lyrics to the Grammy Award-winning hit \"Plush\" off STP's 1992 debut \"Core\". Kretz has worked with several notable artists, particularly engineering and mixing the live recordings for The Henry Rollins Show of songs by artists such as Thom Yorke, Ben Harper, Damian Marley, Slayer, Jurassic 5, Death Cab for Cutie, and more.", "The Offspring is an American punk rock band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1984. Originally formed under the name Manic Subsidal, the band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Dexter Holland, bassist Greg K., lead guitarist Kevin \"Noodles\" Wasserman and drummer Pete Parada. The Offspring went through several lineup changes over the years, and Holland and Greg K. have been the only constant members. The band is often creditedalongside fellow California punk bands Green Day and Rancidfor reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the 1990s. They have sold over 40 million records worldwide, being considered one of the best-selling punk rock bands of all time.", "The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion is the second studio album by American rock band The Black Crowes, released on May 12, 1992. It was the first record by the band to feature Marc Ford on lead guitar, replacing Jeff Cease, who was fired the year before. The album's name derives from the full name of the Southern Harmony, an influential 1835 hymnal compiled by William Walker.", "Los Angeles (Spanish for \"The Angels\"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .", "Peter \"Pete\" Parada (born July 9, 1974) is an American drummer who has been a member of several notable musical acts. Parada's drumming career began in 1996 when he joined Steel Prophet and recorded one album with them a year later. Subsequently he joined Face to Face and Saves the Day, and in 2007 became the new drummer for The Offspring. Parada was also associated with the metal band Engine and Rob Halford's solo project Halford, and briefly played drums in the punk band Alkaline Trio. He was also a member of Hot Mess.", "Afrika Bambaataa (born April 17, 1957) is an American disc jockey from the South Bronx, New York. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing and is respectfully known as \"The Godfather\" and \"Amen Ra of Hip Hop Kulture\", as well as the father of electro funk. Through his co-opting of the street gang the Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world.", "Punk rock (or simply \"punk\") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as \"proto-punk\" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically use short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.", "Thomas Baptiste \"Tom\" Morello (born May 30, 1964) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor and political activist. He is best known for his tenure with the band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave. As of 2016, Morello is a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage. Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. He is also known for his acoustic solo act called The Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello is also the co-founder (along with Serj Tankian) of the non-profit political activist organization Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles.", "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\" (2000), which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries. Their following studio album \"Meteora\" continued the band's success, topping the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium. \"Billboard\" ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart. In 2012, the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1. In 2014, the band was declared as the \"Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now\" by \"Kerrang!\".", "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the band's line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass). The band's fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron (also of Soundgarden), who has been with the band since 1998. Boom Gaspar (piano) has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band.", "David James \"Dave\" Abbruzzese (born May 17, 1968) is an American musician who was the drummer for the American rock band Pearl Jam from 1991 to 1994. He replaced drummer Matt Chamberlain in 1991, shortly before the release of the band's debut album, \"Ten\". Abbruzzese played on the band's next two records, \"Vs.\" and \"Vitalogy\".", "Urban Dance Squad was a Dutch rap rock band formed after what was originally intended as a one-time jam-session at a festival in Utrecht on December 20, 1986. The band consisted of a guitarist, bassist, drummer, rapper, and DJ. Their music is described as a blend of genres including funk, soul, heavy metal, hip hop, reggae, jazz and ska, and is cited as an influence on Rage Against the Machine, the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone. Urban Dance Squad was one of the most successful Dutch bands of the nineties, releasing five studio albums.", "Bryan Keith \"Dexter\" Holland (born December 29, 1965) is an American musician, best known as the singer, rhythm guitarist, and primary songwriter for the punk rock band The Offspring.", "Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the group's career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool, who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band's second studio album, \"Kerplunk\" (1991). Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016.", "David Karl \"Dave\" Krusen (born March 10, 1966) is an American musician who is best known for being the original drummer for the American rock band Pearl Jam and for his work on the band's debut album, \"Ten\". Krusen was also a member of the bands Hovercraft and Unified Theory, and is currently the drummer for Candlebox. ", "Down Fall The Good Guys is the second full length album by the band Wolfsbane . Two singles were released from the album , `` Ezy '' , which got to number 68 , and `` After Midnight '' , which did not chart . The album was produced by Brendan O'Brien , later famous for his work for The Black Crowes , The Offspring , Pearl Jam , Rage Against the Machine , Stone Temple Pilots and Neil Young .", "The Black Crowes were an American rock band formed in 1989. Their discography includes eight studio albums, four live albums and several charting singles. The band was signed to Def American Recordings in 1989 by producer George Drakoulias and released their debut album, \"Shake Your Money Maker\", the following year. The follow-up, \"The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion\", reached the top of the \"Billboard\" 200 in 1992.", "Buffalo Springfield was an American-Canadian rock band, formed in Los Angeles in 1966. Their original lineup included Stephen Stills (guitar, keyboards, vocals), Dewey Martin (drums, vocals), Bruce Palmer (electric bass), Richie Furay (guitar, vocals), and Neil Young (guitar, harmonica, piano, vocals). Pioneering the folk rock genre, Buffalo Springfield, along with the Byrds, combined elements of folk and country music with British invasion influences into their early works. Their second studio album, \"Buffalo Springfield Again\", marked their progression to psychedelia and hard rock.", "Stone Temple Pilots (sometimes abbreviated as STP) are an American rock band from San Diego, California, that originally consisted of Scott Weiland (lead vocals), brothers Dean (guitar) and Robert DeLeo (bass, backing vocals), and Eric Kretz (drums). Since the band's formation in 1989, its line-up remained unchanged until the firing of Weiland in 2013, who was replaced by Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington. In 2015, Bennington left the band to focus solely on Linkin Park. On December 3, 2015, Weiland was found dead on his tour bus prior to a performance with his band The Wildabouts. In 2016, the band launched an online audition for a new lead vocalist.", "Matthew David \"Matt\" Cameron (born November 28, 1962) is an American musician who serves as the drummer for the American rock bands Pearl Jam and Soundgarden. After getting his start with the Seattle, Washington-based bands Bam Bam and Skin Yard, he first gained fame as the drummer for the band Soundgarden, which he joined in 1986 and remained in until the band's break-up in 1997, triggered by creative friction. In 1998, Cameron was invited to play on Pearl Jam's U.S. Yield Tour. He soon became a permanent member and has remained in the band ever since. In 2010, Soundgarden reunited for new tour and released a new album, \"King Animal\" on November 13, 2012. " ]

[ "1996", "album", "american recordings", "country music", "festival", "funk", "holland", "mca", "melody", "metropolis", "play on", "record", "rock music", "street sweeper social club", "united kingdom", "universal" ]

[ "`` The Lucky One '' , also known as `` The Lucky One ( Like a Wild Bird of Prey ) '' , is a song by American singer Laura Branigan . The song was released in 1984 as the second single from her third studio album , Self Control . It was a moderate - sized hit in the United States reaching number 10 on the Billboard Hot Dance chart and number 13 on the Adult Contemporary chart . The single became Branigan 's fifth US Top 20 hit . Branigan 's performance of `` The Lucky One '' won the Grand Prix award at the Tokyo Music Festival held April 1 1984 ; the prize was three million yen ( $ 13,400 ) .", "\"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You\" is a song written in 1983 by Doug James and Michael Bolton. The ballad has been recorded by many artists around the world, in several languages, becoming something of a modern pop standard. Instrumental versions of the song have been recorded featuring variously the piano, guitar, saxophone, pan flute, steel drum, and music box.", "Branigan is the debut album by American singer Laura Branigan, recorded in 1981 and released in March 1982 on Atlantic Records. ", "Laura Ann Branigan (July 3, 1957 August 26, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She had hits in the 1980s with the platinum-certified \"Gloria,\" \"Self Control,\" \"Solitaire,\" and the No. 1 Adult Contemporary (AC) hit \"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You\" as well as several other U.S. top-40 songs." ]

[ "album", "atlantic records", "pop" ]

[ "Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti ( 24 January 1685 -- 14 January 1764 ) was a Roman Catholic cardinal , an antiquarian and philologist , and a collector of antiquities whose ambitious excavations at the site of Hadrian 's Villa at Tivoli rewarded him with the Furietti Centaurs and other Roman sculpture . Furietti was born at Bergamo , the son of Giovanni Marco Sonzogni Furietti , noble , of a local branch of the Sonzogni . He was educated at the Almo Collegio Borromeo , Pavia , then at the University of Pavia , where he received his doctorate in canon and civil law ( utroque iure ) . In spite of his distinguished service to the Apostolic Camera , the cardinal 's hat was withheld from him by Pope Benedict XIV , although Furietti dedicated to him his book on mosaics , partly in pique for Furietti 's refusal to part with the famous marble centaurs for the Museo Capitolino , which had opened in 1734 . Furietti was eventually created cardinal priest , by Clement XIII in the consistory of 24 September 1759 . For a sum , Furietti obtained rights to excavate the section of Hadrian 's Villa that belonged to Simplicio Bulgarini . As early as 1724 , Conte Giuseppe Fede had been buying up parcels of land in the extensive villa , which had become divided up among a multitude of owners , forming the nucleus of one of the outstanding recently formed and non-papal collections of antiquities in Rome . After only a few days Furietti 's crews found the famous statues of Centaurs signed by Aristeas and Papias , the `` Furietti Centaurs '' , which quickly became two of the most celebrated sculptures in Rome , in part through the engravings of them made in 1739 and 1740 under Furietti 's supervision . Charles de Brosses saw them displayed in Monsignor Furietti 's apartments in the Palazzo Montecitorio in 1739 - 40 , and Francesco de ' Ficoroni described them in Furietti 's collection in 1744 . Furietti habitually employed Bartolomeo Cavaceppi as a restorer , hence some of the pieces that had passed through Cavaceppi 's studio were illustrated from Furietti 's former collection in Cavaceppi 's self - promoting volume of plates , Raccolta d'antiche statue , busti , teste cognite ed altre sculpture antiche , 1768 . Among the mosaics he found at Hadrian 's Villa is the celebrated one of four doves drinking , found in 1737 ; Furietti was convinced that it was the very work executed by Sosius / Sosos at Pergamum , mentioned by Pliny the Elder ( Pliny 's Natural History XXXVI , .25 ) . It was the first plate in his book on mosaics , De Musivis ( Rome , 1752 ) , with six engraved plates , four of them folding , which became a classic on the subject . After Furietti 's death , his heirs sold the two centaurs and the mosaic for 14,000 scudi , for the Museo Clementino . Furietti was also a bibliophile . He edited and published the works of two of his compatriots , Gasparino and Guiniforti Barziza , and the poems of Publio Fontana , prefacing the volumes with brief vite . His personal library he bequeathed to his native Bergamo , with the obligation that it be open to the citizens . It became the nucleus of the Biblioteca Civico Angelo Mai ; there some of Furietti 's correspondence is preserved . His tomb is in the Roman church of the Bergamaschi , Santi Bartolomeo ed Alessandro dei Bergamaschi , also called Santa Maria della Pietà . The early biography is G. Gallizioli , Memorie per servire alla storia della vita , degli studi e degli scritti del cardinale Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti , ( Lucca ) 1790 .", "The Apollo Belvedere or Apollo of the Belvederealso called the Pythian Apollois a celebrated marble sculpture from Classical Antiquity. It was rediscovered in central Italy in the late 15th century, during the Renaissance. From the mid-18th century it was considered the greatest ancient sculpture by ardent neoclassicists, and for centuries epitomized ideals of aesthetic perfection for Europeans and westernized parts of the world. It is now found in the \"Gabinetto delle Maschere\" of the Pio-Clementine Museum of the Vatican Museums complex.", "The Hadrian's Villa (Villa Adriana in Italian) is a large Roman archaeological complex at Tivoli, Italy. It is a property of the Republic of Italy, and directed and run by the Polo Museale del Lazio since December 2014.", "The life-size marble statue known as the Barberini Faun, \"Fauno Barberini\" or \"Drunken Satyr\" is located in the Glyptothek in Munich, Germany. A Faun is the Roman equivalent of a Greek Satyr. In Greek mythology, satyrs were human-like male woodland spirits with several animal features, often a goat-like tail, hooves, ears, or horns. Satyrs attended Dionysus.", "The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Near East is studied in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history.", "Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer (commonly referred to as Menes). The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.", "Antiquities are objects from Antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Mesolithic, and other civilizations from Asia and elsewhere may also be covered by the term. The phenomenon of giving a high value to ancient artifacts is found in other cultures, notably China, where Chinese ritual bronzes, three to two thousand years old, have been avidly collected and imitated for centuries, and the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica, where in particular the artifacts of the earliest Olmec civilization are found reburied in significant sites of later cultures up to the Spanish Conquest.", "The study of Roman sculpture is complicated by its relation to Greek sculpture. Many examples of even the most famous Greek sculptures, such as the Apollo Belvedere and Barberini Faun, are known only from Roman Imperial or Hellenistic \"copies.\" At one time, this imitation was taken by art historians as indicating a narrowness of the Roman artistic imagination, but, in the late 20th century, Roman art began to be reevaluated on its own terms: some impressions of the nature of Greek sculpture may in fact be based on Roman artistry.", "Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwestern Asia.", "Roman art refers to the visual arts made in Ancient Rome and in the territories of the Roman Empire. Roman art includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered in modern terms to be minor forms of Roman art, although this would not necessarily have been the case for contemporaries. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art by Romans, but figure painting was also very highly regarded. The two forms have had very contrasting rates of survival, with a very large body of sculpture surviving from about the 1st century BC on wards, though very little from before, but very little painting at all remains, and probably nothing that a contemporary would have considered to be of the highest quality." ]

[ "ancient egypt", "ancient rome", "azerbaijan", "china", "cyprus", "germany", "greece", "iran", "iraq", "italy", "jordan", "lebanon", "roman empire", "turkey" ]

[ "Instant messaging (IM) is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are typically transmitted bi-directionally between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select \"send\". Some IM applications can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages character by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging can add file transfer, clickable hyperlinks, Voice over IP, or video chat.", "Electronic mail, or email, is a method of exchanging digital messages between people using digital devices such as computers, tablets and mobile phones. Email first entered substantial use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email. Email operates across computer networks, which in the 2010s is primarily the Internet. Some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to a mail server or a webmail interface, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages.", "Malware, short for malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer or mobile operations, gather sensitive information, gain access to private computer systems, or display unwanted advertising. Before the term malware was coined by Yisrael Radai in 1990, malicious software was referred to as computer viruses. The first category of malware propagation concerns parasitic software fragments that attach themselves to some existing executable content. The fragment may be machine code that infects some existing application, utility, or system program, or even the code used to boot a computer system. Malware is defined by its malicious intent, acting against the requirements of the computer user, and does not include software that causes unintentional harm due to some deficiency.", "Phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter personal information at a fake website, the look and feel of which are almost identical to the legitimate one. Communications purporting to be from social web sites, auction sites, banks, online payment processors or IT administrators are often used to lure victims. Phishing emails may contain links to websites that are infected with malware.", "Norton Confidential is a program designed to encrypt passwords online and to detect phishing sites .", "In software design, look and feel is a term used in respect of a graphical user interface and comprises aspects of its design, including elements such as colors, shapes, layout, and typefaces (the \"look\"), as well as the behavior of dynamic elements such as buttons, boxes, and menus (the \"feel\"). The term can also refer to aspects of a non-graphical user interface (such as a command-line interface), as well as to aspects of an API mostly to parts of an API that are not related to its functional properties. The term is used in reference to both software and websites." ]

[ "acting", "advertising", "api", "area", "character", "code", "design", "graphical user interface", "information", "instant messaging", "internet", "line", "machine", "mail", "malware", "method", "online chat", "payment", "people", "software", "system", "text", "two", "user", "user interface", "video", "website" ]

[ "Todd Martin (born July 8, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player. He reached the Men's Singles final at the 1994 Australian Open and the 1999 US Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 4.", "The Delray Beach Open is an ATP World Tour 250 series men 's professional tennis tournament held each year in Delray Beach , Florida , and played on hard courts . The event was held in Coral Springs from 1993 -- 1998 ; in 1999 , it was relocated to the Delray Beach Tennis Center . American Todd Martin won the tournament 's first singles event in 1993 . The tournament was previously named the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships ( ITC ) before being changed to its current name in 2014 .", "The Australian Open is a major tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. First held in 1905, the tournament is chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events of the year  the other three being the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's and mixed doubles and junior's championships; as well as wheelchair, legends and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 the tournament had been played on grass. Since 1988 two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Melbourne Park green Rebound Ace to 2007 and blue Plexicushion from 2008." ]

[ "grass", "hardcourt" ]

[ "The 2000 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event which was held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was the second time that the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and also the Southern Hemisphere, the first being in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1956.", "Tuapse is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. Population: ", "The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto \"Welcome Home.\" 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries. There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. 2004 marked the return of the games to the city where they began.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.", "Aleksandr Anatolyevich Yeryshov ( Russian : ; born January 17 , 1973 in Tuapse ) is a Russian water polo player who played on the silver medal squad at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the bronze medal squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Yerishev became topscorer at the 2001 European Championship in Budapest , Hungary , scoring 21 goals .", "Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia. The name \"Melbourne\" refers to an urban agglomeration spanning which comprises the broader metropolitan area, as well as being the common name for its city centre. The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. Melbourne consists of 31 municipalities. It has a population of 4,529,500 , and its inhabitants are called Melburnians.", "The Southern Hemisphere is the half sphere of Earth which is south of the equator. It contains all or parts of five continents (Antarctica, Australia, about 90% of South America, the southern third of Africa, and several southern islands off the continental mainland of Asia), four oceans (Indian, South Atlantic, Southern, and South Pacific) and most of the Pacific Islands in Oceania. Its surface is 80.9% water, compared with 60.7% water in the case of the Northern Hemisphere, and it contains 32.7% of Earth's land.", "Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia. The Greater Sochi area, which includes territories and localities subordinated to Sochi proper, has a total area of and sprawls for along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains. The area of the city proper is . According to the 2010 Census, the city had a permanent population of 343,334, up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census, making it Russia's largest resort city. Being part of the Caucasian Riviera, it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate, with warm to hot summers and mild winters.", "Krasnodar Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Southern Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnodar. It had a population of 5,226,647 (2010 Census).", "Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. Residents of Sydney are known as \"Sydneysiders\". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in Sydney.", "Gelendzhik is a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea, between Novorossiysk (to the northwest) and Tuapse (to the southeast). Greater Gelendzhik sprawls for along the coastline and covers an area of , although only fall within the boundaries of Gelendzhik proper. Population: ", "A National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games. They may nominate cities within their respective areas as candidates for future Olympic Games. NOCs also promote the development of athletes and training of coaches and officials at a national level within their geographies.", "The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .", "The 1996 Summer Olympics, known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, from July 19 to August 4, 1996. A record 197 nations, all current IOC member nations, took part in the Games, comprising 10,318 athletes. The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games, which had been held in the same year since 1924, and place them in alternating even-numbered years, beginning in 1994. The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games. Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games. ", "New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. It has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the estimated population of New South Wales was 7.5 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 4.67 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as \"New South Welshmen\".", "Athens (\"Athína\" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.", "A multi-sport event is an organized sports event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance is the modern Olympic Games.", "Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas (\"\" ), is a country in southeastern Europe. \nGreece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki." ]

[ "abkhazia", "athens", "attica", "attica region", "australia", "blue mountains", "bulgaria", "centennial", "centre", "classical athens", "dandenong", "gelendzhik", "georgia", "greece", "guinea", "home", "indonesia", "island", "krasnodar", "krasnodar krai", "march", "melbourne", "moscow", "nizhny novgorod", "novosibirsk", "of", "pacific", "papua", "piraeus", "republic", "romania", "russia", "samara", "sochi", "south america", "south wales", "southeast", "sydney", "tasmania", "thessaloniki", "tuapse", "turkey", "ukraine", "victoria", "wales", "yekaterinburg" ]

[ "Clarence Malcolm Lowry (28 July 1909 26 June 1957) was an English poet and novelist who is best known for his 1947 novel \"Under the Volcano\", which was voted No. 11 in the Modern Library 100 Best Novels list.", "October Ferry to Gabriola is a novel by Malcolm Lowry . Edited by his widow Margerie Bonner , it was posthumously published in 1970 . It is an existential love story featuring a Lowry - like character , Ethan Lleweyllen , and his wife , in their never - fully - consummated journey to Gabriola , one of the Gulf Islands off the east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia . The themes are living , loving , drinking , travel mysticism , and literature in the 1940s .", "Modern Library's 100 Best Novels is a list of the best English-language novels of the 20th century as selected by the Modern Library, an American publishing company owned by Random House.", "Under the Volcano is a novel by English writer Malcolm Lowry (19091957) published in 1947. The novel tells the story of Geoffrey Firmin, an alcoholic British consul in the small Mexican town of Quauhnahuac, on the Day of the Dead, 2 November 1938. The book takes its name from the two volcanoes that overshadow Quauhnahuac and the characters, Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl. \"Under the Volcano\" was Lowry's second and last complete novel." ]

[ "book", "century", "july", "june", "language", "library", "list", "novel", "town", "volcano" ]

[ "Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 12 July 1935) was a French Jewish artillery officer whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French history with a wide echo in all Europe. Known today as the Dreyfus affair, the incident eventually ended with Dreyfus' complete exoneration.", "Pot - Bouille is the tenth novel in the Rougon - Macquart series by Émile Zola . It was serialized between January and April 1882 in the periodical Le Gaulois before being published in book form by Charpentier in 1883 . The novel is an indictment of the mores of the bourgeoisie of the Second French Empire . It is set in a Parisian apartment building , a relatively new housing arrangement at the time and its title ( roughly translating as stew pot ) reflects the disparate and sometimes unpleasant elements lurking behind the building 's new façade .", "Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (2 April 1840 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline \"J'accuse\". Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902." ]

[ "europe", "france" ]

[ "Undergraduate education is the post-secondary education previous to the postgraduate education. It includes all the academic programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States an entry level university student is known as an undergraduate, while students of higher degrees are known as graduates. In some other educational systems and subjects, undergraduate education is post-secondary education up to the level of a master's degree; this is the case for some science courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe.", "Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education. In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school.", "An academic degree is a qualification awarded on successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, masters and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "This list of Nobel laureates by university affiliation shows the university affiliations ( either as a student , alumnus / alumna , researcher , or faculty ) of winners of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . Universities are listed in descending order according to the number of affiliates . Each institution practices different methods for counting affiliates , from generous counting to conservative . The Unofficial Count in this list is simply the number of unique names listed here for each university . Many universities maintain their own tallies using widely divergent methodologies , most narrower than what appears on this list . Within this list , the Official Counts are those published by the universities themselves . According to these official counts , University of Cambridge has the highest number of Nobel Laureates ( graduates as well as total official affiliations ) . Using a methodology consistent with that of University of Cambridge , Harvard University would have significantly more affiliated laureates . For the sake of consistency , this list uses the broadest definition for university affiliation and includes people who were associated with a university for less than one year . It is not always straightforward to determine which institution was key to the contribution for which each Nobel laureate was honored . Many laureates earn their bachelor 's and master 's degrees at one university , then move to a different university to earn their doctorates . Some laureates may have taught or done research at more than one university . Therefore , many names will appear below as Graduates , Researchers , or Academic Staff of more than one university . A list of laureates ' university affiliations is also maintained by the Nobel Foundation , which defines the awards by the affiliation at the time of the award . The federal University of London is counted by its individual constituent colleges in this table . The University of London and Imperial College London ( which separated in 2007 ) together have a total of more than 80 affiliated Nobel laureates overall ( including 7 Nobel laureates affiliated to the University of London International Programmes ) . The University of California is also counted here by its individual campuses . The University of California system as a whole is affiliated with at least 120 Nobel laureates . Legend : ( Ph. ) Physics , ( Ch. ) Chemistry , ( PM ) Physiology or Medicine , ( Li . ) Literature , ( Pe . ) Peace , ( Ec . ) Economics .", "A corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an \"ad hoc\" act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration.", "A university (\"a whole\", \"a corporation\") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects. \nUniversities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.", "Research comprises \"creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.\" It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.", "The Nobel Prize (; Swedish definite form, singular: \"Nobelpriset\") is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, and/or scientific advances.", "The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially , or the Swedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field.", "Economics (, ) is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term \"economics\" comes from the Ancient Greek from (', pronounced \"eekos\", \"house\") and (', \"custom\" or \"law\"), hence \"rules of the house (hold for good management)\". 'Political economy' was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested \"economics\" as a shorter term for \"economic science\" to establish itself as a separate discipline outside of political science and other social sciences." ]

[ "ancient", "awards", "bank", "case", "century", "company", "monarch", "people", "person", "prize", "school", "term", "test", "university", "work" ]

[ "Vette! is a racing video game where the object is racing a Chevrolet Corvette through the streets of San Francisco. The game was notable for its (at the time) detailed un-shaded polygon rendering of San Francisco streets. It was released on three floppy disks with a Black & White or Color version available. It was also released with a large instruction manual that gave detailed specs about the cars and details about various areas in the city. At the beginning of the game, a question from the manual requires a correct answer to prove game ownership. If the question is falsely answered, the game can be played for a limited time before a window popped up claiming, \"You are Driving a Stolen Vette\" and the game crashes.", "Alameda (; Spanish: ) is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located on Alameda Island and Bay Farm Island, and is adjacent to and south of Oakland and east of San Francisco across the San Francisco Bay. Bay Farm Island, a portion of which is also known as \"Harbor Bay Isle\", is not actually an island, and is part of the mainland adjacent to the Oakland International Airport. The city's estimated 2016 population was 79,277. Alameda is a charter city, rather than a general law city, allowing the city to provide for any form of government. Alameda became a charter city and adopted a councilmanager government in 1916, which it retains to the present.", "Hasbro Interactive was an American video game production and publishing subsidiary of Hasbro, the large game and toy company. Several of its studios were closed in early 2000 and most of its properties were sold to Infogrames which completed its studio's closures in 2001.\nHistory.\nHasbro Interactive was formed late in 1995 in order to compete in the video game arena. Several Hasbro properties, such as Monopoly and Scrabble, had already been made into successful video games by licensees such as Virgin Interactive. With Hasbro's game experience, video games seemed like a natural extension of the company and a good opportunity for revenue growth. Hasbro Interactive's objective was to develop and publish games based on Hasbro property and the subsidiary existed for six years.", "Spectrum Holobyte, Inc. (stylized and commonly referred to as Spectrum HoloByte) was a video game developer and publisher. The company, founded in 1983 by Jeff Sauter, Phil Adam and Mike Franklin, was best known for its simulation games, notably Gato (World War II submarine simulation, (1984) # 1 in Billboard Magazine, \"Falcon\" series of flight simulators and \"Vette!\" (1989) driving simulator, and for publishing the first version of \"Tetris\" outside the Soviet Union (in 1987, for MS-DOS). Spectrum HoloByte was founded in Boulder, Colorado but subsequently moved to Alameda, California.", "X-COM (sometimes stylized as \"X-Com\") is a science fiction video game franchise featuring an elite international organization tasked with countering alien invasions of Earth. The series began with the strategy video game \"\" created by Mythos Games and MicroProse in 1994. The original line up by MicroProse included six published and at least two cancelled games, as well as two novels. The \"X-COM\" series, in particular its original entry, achieved a sizable cult following and has influenced many other video games; including the creation of a number of clones, spiritual successors, and unofficial remakes.", "Tetris (pronounced ) is a tile-matching puzzle video game, originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov. It was released on June 6, 1984, while he was working for the Dorodnicyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow. He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix \"tetra-\" (all of the game's pieces contain four segments) and tennis, Pajitnov's favorite sport.", "Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas.\" It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.", "A game is structured form of play, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some video games).", "A Furby is an American electronic robotic toy released in 1998 by Tiger Electronics. It resembles a hamster or owl-like creature and went through a period of being a \"must-have\" toy following its holiday season launch, with continual sales until 2000. Over 40 million Furbies were sold during the three years of its original production, with 1.8 million sold in 1998, and 14 million in 1999. Its speaking capabilities were translated into 24 languages.", "Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. The act of simulating something first requires that a model be developed; this model represents the key characteristics or behaviors/functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process. The model represents the system itself, whereas the simulation represents the operation of the system over time.", "Sidney K. \"Sid\" Meier (born February 24, 1954) is a programmer, designer, and producer of several popular strategy video games and simulation video games, most notably the \"Civilization\" series. Meier co-founded MicroProse in 1982 with Bill Stealey and is the Director of Creative Development of Firaxis Games, which he co-founded with Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds in 1996. He has won several prestigious accolades for his contributions to the video game industry.", "A monopoly (from Greek \"mónos\" (\"alone\" or \"single\") and \"pleîn\" (\"to sell\")) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity (this contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity's control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few sellers dominating a market). Monopolies are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the possibility of a high monopoly price well above the seller's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit. The verb \"monopolise\" or \"monopolize\" refers to the \"process\" by which a company gains the ability to raise prices or exclude competitors. In economics, a monopoly is a single seller. In law, a monopoly is a business entity that has significant market power, that is, the power to charge overly high prices. Although monopolies may be big businesses, size is not a characteristic of a monopoly. A small business may still have the power to raise prices in a small industry (or market).", "X-COM : Alliance is a cancelled video game in the X-COM series . The game was developed by three different teams of MicroProse developers ( first as a subsidiary of Spectrum Holobyte , then Hasbro Interactive , and finally Infogrames Entertainment ) between 1995 and 2002 . Its initial working title was X-COM 4 ( later X-COM 5 ) ; the project was code - named Fox Force Five to stop media leaks . The game had the player assume the role of commander of the militarized scientific mission lost in space during the aftermath of X-COM : Terror from the Deep . Unlike other games in the X-COM series , most of which were strategy games , Alliance was a first - person shooter . It was described as having `` strategy , adventure , and role - playing elements too . '' After being officially announced in 1998 for a planned release in the first half of 1999 , this highly anticipated game was repeatedly delayed and put on hold , before eventually becoming vaporware since 2002 .", "Mythos Games was a British video game developer company founded by Julian Gollop in 1988 as Target Games and best known for its acclaimed 1994 strategy game \"\". Following the bankruptcy of Mythos Games in 2001, Gollop founded Codo Technologies.", "A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier work and tells the same story.", "Hasbro, Inc. (an abbreviation of its original name, Hassenfeld Brothers) is an American multinational toy and board game company. Hasbro is the third largest toy maker in the world with revenues of approximately $4.45 billion. Hasbro acquired the trademarks and products of Kenner, Parker Brothers and Milton Bradley, among others. Among its toy and game products are the iconic Monopoly board game, G.I. Joe figurine, Furby electronic stuffed animal and Transformers mechanical toys. The Hasbro brand also spawned TV shows, such as \"Family Game Night\" on the Discovery Family network, to promote its products. The corporate headquarters is located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The majority of its products are manufactured in East Asia.", "The alien invasion is a usual part of science fiction stories and film, in which extraterrestrials invade Earth either to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it under a colonial system, to harvest humans for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether.", "A toy is an item that is generally used for children's play. Playing with toys is supposed to be an enjoyable means of training young children for life in society. Different materials like wood, clay, paper, and plastic are used to make toys. Many items are designed to serve as toys, but goods produced for other purposes can also be used. For instance, a small child may fold an ordinary piece of paper into an airplane shape and \"fly it.\" \nNewer forms of toys include interactive digital entertainment. Some toys are produced primarily as collector's items and are intended for display only. ", "A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Virgin Interactive Entertainment was the video game publishing division of British conglomerate the Virgin Group. It was formed as Virgin Games Ltd. in 1983. Initially built around a small development team called the Gang of Five, the company grew significantly after purchasing budget label Mastertronic in 1987.", "Strategy video games are a video game genre that focuses on skillful thinking and planning to achieve victory. It emphasizes strategic, tactical, and sometimes logistical challenges. Many games also offer economic challenges and exploration. They are generally categorized into four sub-types, depending on whether the game is turn-based or real-time, and whether the game focuses on strategy or tactics.", "MicroProse was an American video game publisher and developer founded by \"Wild\" Bill Stealey and Sid Meier in 1982 as MicroProse Software Inc. It developed and published numerous games, many of which are regarded as groundbreaking, classics and cult titles, including starting the \"Civilization\" and \"X-COM\" series. Most of their internally developed titles were vehicle simulation and strategy games.", "Infogrames Entertainment, SA (IESA) was an international French holding company headquartered in Lyon, France. It was the owner of Atari, Inc., headquartered in New York City, U.S. and Atari Europe. It was founded in 1983 by Bruno Bonnell and Christophe Sapet using the proceeds from an introductory computer book. Through its subsidiaries, Infogrames produced, published and distributed interactive games for all major video game consoles and computer game platforms.", "A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development the process and related disciplines of creating video games. A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines, such as programming, design, art, testing, etc. Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support. Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games.", "A board game is a tabletop game that involves counters or moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or \"board\", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance; and some are purely chance, with no element of skill.", "Milton Bradley (November 8, 1836 May 30, 1911) was an American business magnate, game pioneer and publisher, credited by many with launching the board game industry, with the Milton Bradley Company.", "A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that they have either developed internally or have had developed by a video game developer. As with book publishers or publishers of DVD movies, video game publishers are responsible for their product's manufacturing and marketing, including market research and all aspects of advertising.", "Parker Brothers was an American toy and game manufacturer which later became a brand of Hasbro. More than 1,800 games were published under the Parker Brothers name since 1883. Among its products were \"Monopoly\", \"Cluedo\" (licensed from the British publisher and known as \"Clue\" in North America), \"Sorry!\", \"Risk\", \"Trivial Pursuit\", \"Ouija\", \"Aggravation\", \"Bop It\" and \"Probe\". The trade name is now defunct; former products are marketed under the \"Hasbro Gaming\" label.", "Driving simulators are used for entertainment as well as in training of driver's education courses taught in educational institutions and private businesses. They are also used for research purposes in the area of human factors and medical research, to monitor driver behavior, performance, and attention and in the car industry to design and evaluate new vehicles or new advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).", "A spiritual successor, sometimes called a spiritual sequel, is a successor to a work of fiction which does not build upon the storyline established by a previous work as do most traditional prequels or sequels, yet features many of the same elements, themes, and styles as its source material, thereby resulting in it being related or similar \"in spirit\" to its predecessor.", "The term \"\" covers both the animated television series \"The Transformers\" and the comic book series of the same name, which are further divided into Japanese and British spin-offs, respectively. Sequels followed, such as the \"\" comic book and \"Beast Wars\" TV series, which became its own mini-universe. Generation 1 characters underwent two reboots with Dreamwave in 2001 and IDW Publishing in 2005, also as a remastered series. There have been other incarnations of the story based on different toy lines during and after the 20th-Century. The first was the \"\" series, followed by three shows (\", \", and \"\") that constitute a single universe called the \"Unicron Trilogy\". A live-action film was also released in 2007, with in 2009, a in 2011, and a . again distinct from previous incarnations, while the \"\" series merged concepts from the G1 story-arc, the 2007 live-action film and the \"Unicron Trilogy\". \"\" previously aired on The Hub." ]

[ "abstract", "action", "alien invasion", "arena", "art", "board game", "book", "business magnate", "comic", "comic book", "cult", "economics", "education", "entertainment", "family game", "fantasy", "flight", "food", "game", "genre", "government", "hard science fiction", "harvest", "law", "magazine", "play", "puzzle", "racing", "remake", "research", "science fiction", "sequel", "society", "solitaire", "space", "speculative", "strategy video game", "supernatural", "technology", "television", "television series", "tennis", "time travel", "toy", "travel", "video", "war" ]

[ "Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.", "An archive is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as \"the secretions of an organism\", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity. ", "Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of , an urban population of 1,214,210, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and urban area in Finland. Helsinki is located some north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.", "Ulla Aartomaa ( born 1949 in Kuopio ) is a Finnish art and design writer and museum curator . Ulla received her master 's degree in History of Art from Jyväskylä University in 1977 , later studying at the Alvar Aalto Museum , the Museum of Central Finland and the Kuopio Museum of Cultural History . Later Ulla was a curator at Lahti Art Museum and taught at the important universities and colleges in Lahti and at Helsinki University . Numerous books and magazines related to art and design in Finland have been published by Ulla and she has also lectured across Europe in cities such as Amsterdam , as well as in Mexico .", "Kuopio is a city and a municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia, Finland. A population of makes it the eighth biggest city in the country. The city has a total area of , of which is water and half forest. The population density is only , but the city's urban areas are populated very densely (urban area: 1 618 /km²), nationally second only to capital Helsinki (urban area: 1,690.0/km²).", "Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.", "An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment.", "A curator (from , meaning \"to take care\") is a manager or overseer. Traditionally, a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e.g., gallery, museum, library, or archive) is a content specialist charged with an institution's collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material. A traditional curator's concern necessarily involves tangible objects of some sortartwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific collections. More recently, new kinds of curators have started to emerge: curators of digital data objects and biocurators.", "A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term \"municipality\" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French \"municipalité\" and Latin \"municipalis\".", "Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical science artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. Cultural heritage includes tangible culture (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts), intangible culture (such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge), and natural heritage (including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity).", "A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance and some public museums make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public. The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "A biocurator is a professional scientist who curates, collects, annotates, and validates information that is disseminated by biological and model Organism Databases. The role of a biocurator encompasses quality control of primary biological research data intended for publication, extracting and organizing data from original scientific literature, and describing the data with standard annotation protocols and vocabularies that enable powerful queries and biological database inter-operability. Biocurators communicate with researchers to ensure the accuracy of curated information and to foster data exchanges with research laboratories." ]

[ "author", "commercial", "curator", "general", "major", "model", "research", "saint", "science", "scientist", "sovereign", "urban planning" ]

[ "Multi-purpose stadiums are a type of stadium designed to be easily used by multiple types of events. While any stadium could potentially host more than one type of sport or event, this concept usually refers to a specific design philosophy that stresses multifunctionality over specificity. It is used most commonly in Canada and the United States, where the two most popular outdoor team sports football and baseball require radically different facilities. Football uses a rectangular field (Canadian football fields are larger than American ones), while baseball is played on a diamond and large outfield. This requires a particular design to accommodate both, usually an oval. While building stadiums in this way means that sports teams and governments can share costs, it also imposes some challenges.", "Club de Fútbol Monterrey is a Mexican football club from Monterrey, Nuevo León. Founded on 28 June 1945, it is the oldest active team in the professional division from the northern part of Mexico, and currently play in the Liga MX. The club is owned by FEMSA, Latin America's largest bottling company, Home games are played in the Estadio BBVA Bancomer since August 2, 2015, where they inaugurated the stadium with a 30 win over S.L. Benfica.", "The Eusébio Cup is an annual friendly football match held at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal.", "Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.", "The Estadio BBVA Bancomer is a stadium developed by FEMSA and C.F. Monterrey in Guadalupe , Greater Monterrey . The stadium replaced the leased Estadio Tecnológico as the home of Monterrey , ending 63 years of residency at that stadium . It was inaugurated on 2 August 2015 with the eighth edition of the Eusébio Cup , where Monterrey defeated Benfica 3 -- 0 . The project was met with much controversy , stemming from the multiple accusations of the construction as an apparent impediment to the wildlife growth on a local scale .", "The Estadio Tecnológico is a multi-purpose stadium located in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.", "The, officially named , is a multi-purpose stadium located in Lisbon, Portugal. It is used mostly for association football matches, hosting the home games of Portuguese club (and owner) S.L. Benfica.", "Sport Lisboa e Benfica, commonly known as Benfica, is a Portuguese sports club based in Lisbon, Portugal. It is best known for the professional football team playing in the Primeira Liga, the top flight of Portuguese football. Benfica are the current Portuguese champions, having won three consecutive league titles.", "The Liga MX is the top level of the Mexican football league system. It is currently sponsored by BBVA through its Mexican subsidiary BBVA Bancomer, and thus officially known as Liga BBVA Bancomer." ]

[ "association football", "football", "spanish", "sport" ]

[ "Los Kumbia Kings was an American Mexican cumbia group from Corpus Christi, Texas, created by A.B. Quintanilla and Cruz Martinez. Their music encompasses the styles of cumbia (hence their name), hip hop, and R&B. They produce songs in both Spanish and English. The band's producers from the beginning have been Quintanilla and Cruz Martínez. Quintanilla is the brother of the late \"Queen of Tejano\", Selena. Quintanilla played bass guitar for the group, while Martínez, husband of international artist Alicia Villarreal, played keyboards. Both co-wrote songs for the Kumbia Kings. Though the group has gone through a revolving door of members in recent years amid controversy and finger-pointing, and the Kumbia Kings of today are vastly different from what originated in Corpus Christi over eight years ago, Quintanilla and Martínez were always the soul of the group. Gone are original members Frankie J and DJ Kane, both of whom have gone on to significant success as solo artists, as well as the group K1 (Kingz One), a collaboration of founding members of Kumbia Kings who have defected from the group for reason of \"internal dissension\". Quintanilla, Irvin \"Pee Wee\" Salinas, as well as Selena's widower Chris Pérez, also decided to leave the group due to that same \"internal dissension\". Martínez kept Los Kumbia Kings but changed the name to Los Super Reyes for legal issues. In October 2009, Quintanilla and Martínez solved their differences, and announced that the Kumbia Kings would reunite for a series of concerts lasting from late 2009 through early 2010.", "\"Chiquilla\" is a song by A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia All Starz. It is the first single from their debut studio album \"Ayer Fue Kumbia Kings, Hoy Es Kumbia All Starz\". \"Chiquilla\" reached #7 on \"Hot Latin Tracks\", #9 on \"Latin Regional Mexican Airplay\", #26 on \"Latin Pop Airplay\" and #31 on \"Latin Tropical Airplay\".", "\"Parece Que Va A Llover\" (English: \"It Seems It's Going to Rain\") is a charanga song composed by the Cuban composer Antonio Matas in 1947. It has been covered by many artists including, Los Panchos, Pedro Infante, Beny More, Joe Quijano and Selena.", "Los Kumbia All Starz are a Mexican-American cumbia group from Corpus Christi, Texas, created by A.B. Quintanilla. Kumbia All Starz are not to be confused with Los Kumbia Kings although some members are originally from Los Kumbia Kings. Their 2006 debut album \"Ayer Fue Kumbia Kings, Hoy Es Kumbia All Starz\" reached number one on United States Billboard's Latin Pop Albums chart, number one on the Top Latin Albums chart, and number sixty-eight on the United States \"Billboard\" 200. The album spawned two charting singles, \"Chiquilla\" (which reached number seven on Hot Latin Tracks, number nine on Latin Regional Mexican Airplay, number twenty-six on Latin Pop Airplay and number thirty-one on Latin Tropical Airplay) and \"Parece Que Va a Llover\" (which reached number thirty-three on Latin Regional Mexican Airplay).", "Ayer Fue Kumbia Kings, Hoy Es Kumbia All Starz (English: \"Yesterday Was Kumbia Kings, Today Is Kumbia All Starz\") is the debut studio album by Mexican-American cumbia group A.B. Quintanilla y Los Kumbia All Starz and the fifth studio album by Mexican-American musician A.B. Quintanilla. It was released on October 3, 2006 by EMI Latin. The fan edition was released on October 2, 2007. It has all the songs from the standard edition plus two more songs and the music videos for \"Chiquilla\", \"Parece Que Va a Llover\", and \"Speedy Gonzales\".", "Cumbia is a dance-oriented music genre popular throughout Latin America. It began as a courtship dance practiced among the African population on the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Panama. It later mixed with Amerindian and European instruments, steps and musical characteristics and spread throughout Latin America and abroad. While other genres of Latin American music have remained associated with specific countries or regions, cumbia has grown to be one of the most widespread and unifying musical genres to emerge from Latin America.", "Planeta Kumbia (English: \"Kumbia Planet\") is the second studio album by the cumbia band A.B. Quintanilla y Los Kumbia All Starz. It was released on March 4, 2008 through EMI Latin. The record is A.B. Quintanilla's sixth studio album.", "`` Por Ti Baby '' ( English : `` For You Baby '' ) is a song by Mexican - American cumbia group A.B. Quintanilla Y Los Kumbia All Starz featuring Panamanian singer Flex . It was released on January 22 , 2008 as the first single from their second studio album Planeta Kumbia ( 2008 ) .", "Latin Pop Airplay (also referred to as Latin Pop Songs) is a record chart published on \"Billboard\" magazine. It features Latin music information from pop music usually in Spanish. It was established by the magazine on October 8, 1994 with Mañana by Cristian Castro being the first song to reach number-one. This chart features only singles or tracks and like most \"Billboard\" charts, is based on airplay; the radio charts are compiled using information tracked by from Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), which electronically monitors radio stations in more than 140 markets across the United States. The audience charts cross-reference BDS data with listener information compiled by the Arbitron ratings system to determine the approximate number of audience impressions made for plays in each daypart." ]

[ "album", "emi", "english", "latin", "record", "studio album" ]

[ "Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973.", "James Naismith (November 6, 1861 November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator. He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891. He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939). ", "A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.", "Basketball is a sport that is played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and mounted at a height of to backboards at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks, one of the most successful programs in the game's history. ", "The Kansas Jayhawks, commonly referred to as KU, are the teams of the athletic department at the University of Kansas. KU is one of three schools in the state of Kansas that participate in NCAA Division I. The Jayhawks are also a member of the Big 12 Conference. University of Kansas athletic teams have won eleven NCAA Division I championships: three in men's basketball, one in men's cross country, three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, and one in women's outdoor track and field.", "Kenneth Barlow ( born September 20 , 1964 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Barlow graduated from University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana .", "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame ) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, \"Notre Dame du Lac\" means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president, as an all-male institution on land donated by the Bishop of Vincennes (Indiana). Today, many Holy Cross priests continue to work for the university, including the president of the university.", "Indiana is a U.S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816.", "South Bend is a city in and the county seat of St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States, on the St. Joseph River near its southernmost bend, from which it derives its name. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total of 101,168 residents; its Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 318,586 and Combined Statistical Area of 721,296. It is the fourth-largest city in Indiana, serving as the economic and cultural hub of Northern Indiana. The highly ranked University of Notre Dame is located just to the north in unincorporated Notre Dame, Indiana and is an integral contributor to the region's economy.", "Edward Frederick Sorin, C.S.C. (February 6, 1814 October 31, 1893), a priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, was the founder of the University of Notre Dame in Indiana and of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas.", "A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).", "A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such as cities, towns, and villages for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated small community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, colonias located along the U.S. border with Mexico, and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs.", "A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person. Catholics believe that patron saints, having already transcended to the metaphysical, are able to intercede effectively for the needs of their special charges." ]

[ "bend", "berlin", "canadian", "frederick", "golden", "indiana", "indianapolis", "kansas", "male", "mary", "of", "portage", "roman", "south bend", "split", "union" ]

[ "Rallying is a form of motorsport that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars. It is distinguished by running not on a circuit, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants and their co-drivers drive between set control points (special stages), leaving at regular intervals from one or more start points. Rallies may be won by pure speed within the stages or alternatively by driving to a predetermined ideal journey time within the stages.", "Salou is a municipality of the \"comarca\" of Tarragonès, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The city is approximately 10 km from Tarragona and Reus on the Costa Daurada and 112 km from Barcelona. Aside from its string of beaches interrupted by rocky coves, and its landscaped promenade, one of its main attractions is the PortAventura resort. The Dutch movie \"Costa!\" and the television series with the same title were both filmed in Salou.", "The Costa Brava (; \"Wild\" or \"Rough Coast\") is a coastal region of northeastern Spain, consisting of the counties of Alt Empordà, Baix Empordà and Selva, in the Catalan region province of Girona. Costa Brava stretches from the town of Blanes, northeast of Barcelona, to the French border.\nIn the 1950s, the Costa Brava was identified by the Spanish government and local entrepreneurs as being suitable for substantial development as a holiday destination, mainly for package holiday tourists from France and the further north of Europe. The combination of a very good summer climate, nature, excellent beaches and a favourable foreign exchange rate, which made Costa Brava a relatively inexpensive tourist destination, was exploited by the construction of large numbers of hotels and apartments in such seaside resorts as Blanes, Tossa de Mar and Lloret de Mar. Tourism rapidly took over from fishing as the principal business of the area.", "The Costa Daurada (, meaning in English \"Golden Coast\") is an area on the coast of Catalonia, Spain, between Cunit and Alcanar on the Mediterranean Sea. It is entirely included in the province of Tarragona.", "Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.", "The Canary Islands, also known as the Canaries, are an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located on the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco. The Canaries are among the outermost regions (OMR) of the European Union proper. It is also one of the eight regions with special consideration of historical nationality recognized as such by the Spanish Government.", "Melilla ( \"Maliliyyah\") is a Spanish autonomous city located on the north coast of Africa, sharing a border with Morocco with an area of . Melilla, along with Ceuta, is one of two permanently inhabited Spanish cities in mainland Africa. It was part of Málaga province until 14 March 1995 when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed. ", "Alcanar is a Spanish municipality of the Catalan comarca of Montsià, in the Tarragona province. It is a coastal town on the Mediterranean Sea. The Serra del Montsià range and its foothills rises above the town and its surroundings. According to data from 2006 its population is 9,620 inhabitants, although this increased the next year, to 9,969. It is the southernmost town in Catalonia, located just north of the border with the municipality of Vinaròs which is in the province of Castellón and part of the region of Valencia.", "The World Rally Championship (WRC) is a rallying series organised by the FIA, culminating with a champion driver and manufacturer. The driver's world championship and manufacturer's world championship are separate championships, but based on the same point system. The series currently consists of 13 three-day events driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice. Each rally is split into 1525 special stages which are run against the clock on closed roads.", "Ceuta (assimilated pronunciation , also Arabic: , \"Sabtah\") is an Spanish autonomous city located on the north coast of Africa, sharing a western border with Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta, along with the Spanish exclave Melilla, is one of nine populated Spanish territories in Africa and one of two populated territories on mainland Africa. It was part of Cádiz province until 14 March 1995 when the city's Statute of Autonomy was passed.", "Reus is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague. Nowadays it is known by its commercial activity, for being a centre for rock-climbing and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí.", "The Bay of Biscay (Basque: \"Bizkaiko Golkoa,\" ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain west to Cape Ortegal.", "The Rally Catalunya ( formerly : Rallye Catalunya ) is a rally competition held in Catalonia region of Spain , on the World Rally Championship schedule . Now held on the wide , smooth and sweeping asphalt roads around the town of Salou , Costa Daurada , it was previously held around the region of Costa Brava . In the 2012 season , the rally was held 8 -- 11 November . Rally de Catalunya was first held in 1957 ; in 1988 it was merged with the Rally Costa Brava and renamed as Rally Catalunya - Costa Brava .", "The Iberian Peninsula , also known as Iberia , is located in the southwest corner of Europe. The peninsula is principally divided between Portugal and Spain, comprising most of their territory. It also includes Andorra and a small part of France along the peninsula's northeastern edge, as well as Gibraltar on its south coast, a small peninsula which forms an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. With an area of approximately , it is the second largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian." ]

[ "climbing", "motorsport", "rally", "rallying", "spanish", "united kingdom" ]

[ "The Boeing 747 is a wide - body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft , often referred to by its original nickname , Jumbo Jet , or Queen of the Skies . Its distinctive `` hump '' upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft makes it among the world 's most recognizable aircraft , and it was the first wide - body produced . Manufactured by Boeing 's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States , the original version of the 747 had two and a half times greater capacity than the Boeing 707 , one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s . First flown commercially in 1970 , the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years . The four - engine 747 uses a double deck configuration for part of its length . It is available in passenger , freighter and other versions . Boeing designed the 747 's hump - like upper deck to serve as a first class lounge or extra seating , and to allow the aircraft to be easily converted to a cargo carrier by removing seats and installing a front cargo door . Boeing did so because the company expected supersonic airliners ( development of which was announced in the early 1960s ) to render the 747 and other subsonic airliners obsolete , while the demand for subsonic cargo aircraft would be robust well into the future . The 747 was expected to become obsolete after 400 were sold , but it exceeded critics ' expectations with production passing the 1,000 mark in 1993 . By January 2016 , 1,520 aircraft had been built , with 19 of the 747 - 8 variants remaining on order . The 747 - 400 , the most common passenger version in service , has a high - subsonic cruise speed of Mach 0.85 -- 0.855 ( up to 570 mph or 920 km / h ) with an intercontinental range of 7,260 nautical miles ( 8,350 mi or 13,450 km ) . The 747 - 400 passenger version can accommodate 416 passengers in a typical three - class layout , 524 passengers in a typical two - class layout , or 660 passengers in a high density one - class configuration . The newest version of the aircraft , the 747 - 8 , is in production and received certification in 2011 . Deliveries of the 747 - 8F freighter version to launch customer Cargolux began in October 2011 ; deliveries of the 747 - 8I passenger version to Lufthansa began in May 2012 . The 747 is to be replaced by the Boeing Y3 ( part of the Boeing Yellowstone Project ) in the future .", "The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, and satellites worldwide. The company also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest global aircraft manufacturers; it is the second-largest defense contractor in the world based on 2015 revenue, and is the largest exporter in the United States by dollar value. Boeing stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.", "Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA) is a division of The Boeing Company. It designs, assembles, markets, and sells jet airliners and business jets (Boeing Business Jets); it also provides product-related maintenance and training to customers worldwide. It operates from division headquarters in Renton, Washington, with more than a dozen engineering, manufacturing, and assembly facilities located throughout the U.S. and internationally. BCA includes the assets of the Douglas Aircraft division of the former McDonnell Douglas Corporation, which merged with Boeing in 1997. The current President and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes is Raymond Conner, the former head of Sales, Marketing and Services.", "The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized, long-range, narrow-body, four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979. Its name is commonly pronounced as \"seven oh seven\". Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of ." ]

[ "boeing", "boeing commercial airplanes", "mcdonnell douglas" ]

[ "Honiara is the capital city of Solomon Islands, administered as a provincial town on the northwestern coast of Guadalcanal. it had a population of 84,520 people. The city is served by Honiara International Airport and the sea port of Point Cruz, and lies along the Kukum Highway.", "Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and Bellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.", "An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word \"archipelago\" is derived from the Greek \"- arkhi-\" (\"chief\") and \" pélagos\" (\"sea\") through the Italian \"arcipelago\". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek \"*\" and Latin \"archipelagus\") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.", "Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania (and occasionally Australasia) extending from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji.", "Papua New Guinea (PNG Hiri Motu: \"Papua Niu Gini\"), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua.", "Guadalcanal (indigenous name: \"Isatabu\") is the principal island in Guadalcanal Province of the nation of Solomon Islands in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia. Its European discovery was under the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in 1568. The name comes from Guadalcanal, a village in the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain, birthplace of Pedro de Ortega Valencia, a member of Mendaña's expedition.", "Vanuatu (or ; Bislama ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (Bislama: \"Ripablik blong Vanuatu\"), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.", "The Reef Islands are a loose collection of 16 islands in the northwestern part of the Solomon Islands province of Temotu . These islands have historically also been known by the names of Swallow Islands and Matema Islands .", "The Northern Solomons were the more northerly group of islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago over which Germany declared a protectorate in 1885. Initially the German Solomon Islands Protectorate included Choiseul, Santa Isabel, the Shortlands and Ontong Java Islands, but in 1900 these islands were transferred to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. The largest of the Solomon Islands, Bougainville, continued under German administration until World War I when it fell to Australia, and after the war, it formally passed to Australian jurisdiction under a League of Nations mandate. \nToday, the original North Solomon Islands are split between the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea and the successor state of the British Solomon Islands which was officially renamed from \"the British Solomon Islands Protectorate\" to \"Solomon Islands\" in 1975 prior to becoming an independent, sovereign state in 1976.", "The Santa Cruz Islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands. They lie approximately 250 miles (400 km) to the southeast of the Solomon Islands Chain. The Santa Cruz Islands lie just north of the archipelago of Vanuatu, and are considered part of the Vanuatu rain forests ecoregion." ]

[ "airport", "archipelago", "area", "capital", "city", "cluster", "coast", "collection", "country", "expedition", "fell", "group", "international airport", "island group", "league", "league of nations mandate", "lying", "member", "name", "nation", "ocean", "part", "province of the solomon islands", "region", "republic", "sea", "sovereign state", "state", "subregion", "tradition", "world war" ]

[ "Arkansas Highway 264 is a designation for three state highways in Benton County, Arkansas. The eastern route begins at US 71B and runs east to terminate at Beaver Lake. At , the Highfill to Lowell route is the longest alignment. The westernmost routes runs in Siloam Springs.", "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "St. Louis is an independent city and major U.S. port in the State of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city has an estimated 2015 population of 315,685, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States.", "Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "The Ouachita Mountains are a mountain range in west central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. The range's subterranean roots may extend as far as central Texas, or beyond it to the current location of the Marathon Uplift. Along with the Ozark Mountains, the Ouachita Mountains form the U.S. Interior Highlands, one of the few major mountainous regions between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. The highest peak in the Ouachitas is Mount Magazine in west-central Arkansas which rises to .", "The Quapaw (or Arkansas and Ugahxpa) people are a tribe of Native Americans that coalesced in the Midwest and Ohio Valley. The tribe historically migrated to the west side of the Mississippi River and resettled in what is now the state of Arkansas; this migration is the source of the tribe's name in their language which references going down the river. The territory and state of Arkansas were named for them, as Europeans first learned their name as the \"Arkansea\", the term used by the Algonquian-speaking Illinois Confederation traders encountered to the east. The Quapaw are among the Siouan-speaking peoples west of the Mississippi.", "The U.S. Interior Highlands is a mountainous highland region spanning eastern Oklahoma, western and northern Arkansas, southern Missouri, and the extreme southeast corner of Kansas. The name is designated by the United States Geological Survey to refer to the combined mountainous region of the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains, which form a distinct physiographic division. It is the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains in the United States.", "The Arkansas Timberlands (sometimes also called Southern Arkansas or Southwest Arkansas) is a region of the U.S. state of Arkansas generally encompassing the area south of the Ouachita Mountains, south of Central Arkansas and west of the Arkansas Delta. With several different definitions in use by various state agencies, the Arkansas Timberlands is essentially a region known for dense pine and cypress forests covering hilly terrain and lining numerous rivers. Modern settlement created a significant logging industry and subsequent clearance agriculture which provided the basis of the local economy until the discovery of petroleum. Local tourism is largely based on the popularity of deer hunting and bass fishing. Attractions there include Marks' Mills Battleground Historical Monument, Jenkins' Ferry Battleground Historical Monument, Overflow National Wildlife Refuge, Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, South Arkansas Arboretum, Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources, White Oak Lake State Park, Poison Springs Battleground State Park, Millwood State Park, and Pond Creek National Wildlife Refuge. The Arkansas Timberlands was the birthplace of former President of the United States Bill Clinton.", "Highway 170 is a designation for two state highways in Washington County, Arkansas. The main segment of runs from Devil's Den State Park to West Fork. A shorter segment of runs from US Route 62 through Appleby before reconnecting with US 62.", "The Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. It manages the state highway system and is actively involved with public transportation systems within the state such as with aid to individual county road systems. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.", "Benton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 221,339, making it the second-most populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Bentonville. The county was formed on 30 September 1836 and was named after Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri. In 2012, Benton County voters elected to make the county wet, or a non-alcohol prohibition location.", "Missouri (see pronunciations) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state and host to the mean center of United States population. The largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River. The state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, and now the deep soils yield great agricultural productivity. In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel.", "Highway 94 (AR 94, Ark. 94, and Hwy. 94) is an eastwest state highway in Benton County, Arkansas. The route of runs from Horseshoe Bend Park near Beaver Lake west across US Route 71 Business (US 71B) and US 62 to Missouri Supplemental Route E at the Missouri state line. The route is maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).", "Washington County is a county located in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 203,065, making it the third-most populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Fayetteville. It is Arkansas's 17th county, formed on October 17, 1828, and named for George Washington, the first President of the United States. Washington County is part of the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Devil's Den State Park is a Arkansas state park in Washington County, near West Fork, Arkansas in the United States. The park was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps beginning in 1933. Devil's Den State Park is in the Lee Creek Valley in the Boston Mountains which are the southwestern part of The Ozarks. The park, with an CCC built lake, is open for year-round recreation, including, hiking, mountain bike and equestrian trails. Devil's Den State Park also has several picnic areas, a swimming pool, cabins and camping site ranging from modern to primitive. Fossils of coral and crinoids can be found along the banks and within Lee Creek at Devil's Den State Park.", "Kansas is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively \"\") is often said to mean \"people of the wind\" or \"people of the south wind\", although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.", "The Missouri River is the longest river in North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri. The river takes drainage from a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than half a million square miles (1,300,000 km), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system.", "Highway 16 (AR 16, Ark. 16, and Hwy. 16) is an eastwest state highway in north Arkansas. The route of runs from US Route 412/Highway 59 (US 412/AR 59) in Siloam Springs east across to US Route 67 Business/Highway 36 (US 67B/AR 36) in Searcy. With the exception of overlaps of through Fayetteville, Highway 16 is a narrow, winding, 2-lane road.", "The Missouri Bootheel is the southeasternmost part of the state of Missouri, extending south of 36°30 north latitude, so called because its shape in relation to the rest of the state resembles the heel of a boot. Strictly speaking, it is composed of the counties of Dunklin, New Madrid, and Pemiscot. However, the term is locally used to refer to the entire southeastern lowlands of Missouri located within the Mississippi Embayment, which includes parts of Butler, Mississippi, Ripley, Scott, Stoddard and extreme southern portions of Cape Girardeau and Bollinger counties. The largest city in the region is Kennett.", "Arkansas Highway 265 is a designation for three state highways in Northwest Arkansas . The southern segment of 19.70 miles ( 31.70 km ) runs from Arkansas Highway 170 near Strickler north to I - 49/US 71/AR 112 north in south Fayetteville . A more northern segment of 12.07 miles ( 19.42 km ) runs north through east Fayetteville from Arkansas Highway 16 to Arkansas Highway 264 in Springdale . Further north , a third segment of 3.33 miles ( 5.36 km ) runs from Arkansas Highway 94 in Pea Ridge north to the Missouri state line . Parts of all three segments are former lengths of the Butterfield Stagecoach Route , a route established in 1857 that carried United States mail from St. Louis , Missouri to San Francisco , California .", "The Arkansas Delta is one of the six natural regions of the state of Arkansas. Willard B. Gatewood Jr., author of \"The Arkansas Delta: Land of Paradox\", says that rich cotton lands of the Arkansas Delta make that area \"The Deepest of the Deep South.\"", "The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains, Ozarks Mountain Country, and the Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic and geologic highland region of the central United States, primarily in Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of southern Missouri, extending as far northeast as the southwestern suburbs of St. Louis. In Arkansas, a large portion is contained within the northwestern and northcentral region. Much smaller pieces of the Ozarks extend westward into northeastern Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas." ]

[ "arkansas", "arkansas state highway and transportation department", "bill clinton", "city", "kansas city", "lowell", "madrid", "minnesota", "montana", "refer", "tennessee", "texas", "washington county", "wisconsin" ]

[ "Stade Balibiè is a multi-use stadium in Koudougou, Burkina Faso. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Association Sportive des Employés et Commerçants de Koudougou. The stadium holds 30,000 people.", "Ouagadougou (Mossi: ) is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 1,475,223 (\"\"). The city's name is often shortened to \"Ouaga\". The inhabitants are called \"ouagalais\". The spelling of the name \"Ouagadougou\" is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies.", "Koudougou is a city in Burkina Faso's Boulkiemdé Province. It is located west of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. With 131,825 inhabitants, as of 2006, it is the third largest city by population in Burkina Faso after Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso and is mainly inhabited by the Gurunsi and Mossi ethnic groups. Koudougou is situated on the only railway line in Burkina Faso and has some small industries, a market, a university and provincial government offices.", "Association Sportive des Employés et Commerçants de Koudougou is a Burkinabé football club based in Koudougou . They play their home games at the Stade Balibiè .", "Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in Africa around in size. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north; Niger to the east; Benin to the southeast; Togo and Ghana to the south; and Ivory Coast to the southwest. Its capital is Ouagadougou. In 2014 its population was estimated at just over 17.3 million. Burkina Faso is a francophone country and French is an official language of government and business. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta, the country was renamed \"Burkina Faso\" on 4 August 1984 by then-President Thomas Sankara. Residents of Burkina Faso are known as \"Burkinabé\"." ]

[ "benin", "burkina faso", "mali", "togo" ]

[ "James Ussher (or Usher; 4 January 1581  21 March 1656) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland between 1625 and 1656. He was a prolific scholar and church leader, who today is most famous for his chronology that sought to establish the time and date of the creation as \"the entrance of the night preceding the 23rd day of October... the year before Christ 4004\"; that is, around 6 pm on 22 October 4004  according to the proleptic Julian calendar.", "An antiquarian or antiquary (from the Latin: \"antiquarius\", meaning pertaining to ancient times) is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts, archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past, and is perhaps best encapsulated in the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary Sir Richard Colt Hoare, \"We speak from facts not theory\".", "An archive is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime, and are kept to show the function of that person or organization. Professional archivists and historians generally understand archives to be records that have been naturally and necessarily generated as a product of regular legal, commercial, administrative, or social activities. They have been metaphorically defined as \"the secretions of an organism\", and are distinguished from documents that have been consciously written or created to communicate a particular message to posterity. ", "A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) is any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some automated way. More recently, it is understood to be an author's written, typed, or word-processed copy of a work, as distinguished from the print of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations.", "A Member of Parliament (MP) is the \nrepresentative of the voters to a parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this category includes specifically members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title.", "Sir Robert Bruce Cotton , 1st Baronet ( 22 January 1570/1 -- 6 May 1631 ) was an English antiquarian , member of parliament and founder of the Cotton library . Of Huntingdonshire parents , Cotton was educated at Westminster School , and at Jesus College , Cambridge , where he graduated BA in 1585 . He began to amass a library in which the documents rivalled , then surpassed , the royal manuscript collections . Cotton entered the Parliament of England as MP for Newtown , Isle of Wight in 1601 and as knight of the shire for Huntingdonshire in 1604 . He helped devise the institution of the title baronet as a means for King James I to raise funds : like a peerage , a baronetcy could be inherited but , like a knighthood , it gave the holder no seat in the House of Lords . Despite an early period of goodwill with King James , during which Cotton was himself made a baronet , his approach to public life , based on his immersion in old documents , was essentially based on that `` sacred obligation of the king to put his trust in parliaments '' which in 1628 was expressed in his monograph The Dangers wherein the Kingdom now standeth , and the Remedye . From the Court party 's point of view , this was anti-royalist in nature , and the king 's ministers began to fear the uses being made of Cotton 's library to support parliamentarian arguments : it was confiscated in 1630 and returned only after his death to his heirs . He was subsequently elected to Parliament as member for Old Sarum ( 1624 ) , Thetford ( 1625 ) and Castle Rising ( 1628 ) .", "The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the set of administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded Catholic monasteries, priories, convents and friaries in England, Wales and Ireland, appropriated their income, disposed of their assets, and reassigned or dismissed their former members and functions. Although the policy was originally envisaged as increasing the regular income of the Crown, much former monastic property was sold off to fund Henry's military campaigns in the 1540s. He was given the authority to do this in England and Wales by the Act of Supremacy, passed by Parliament in 1534, which made him \"Supreme Head\" of the Church in England, thus separating England from Papal authority, and by the First Suppression Act (1536) and the Second Suppression Act (1539). Professor George W. Bernard argues:", "The Cotton or Cottonian library was collected privately by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP (15711631), an antiquarian and bibliophile, and was the basis of the British Library. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, many priceless and ancient manuscripts that had belonged to the monastic libraries began to be disseminated among various owners, many of whom were unaware of the cultural value of the manuscripts. Cotton's skill lay in finding, purchasing and preserving these ancient documents. The leading scholars of the era, including Francis Bacon, Walter Raleigh, and James Ussher, came to use Sir Robert's library. Richard James acted as his librarian. The library is of especial importance for sometimes having preserved the only copy of a work, such as happened with \"Beowulf\" and \"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight\".", "Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. He served both as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.", "The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the second largest library in the world by number of items catalogued. Formally, officially classified and certified in the U.K. as a Grade I listed building \"of exceptional interest\" because of its special architectural and historic interest, the library is a major research library, holding well over 150 million items from many countries, and receives a copy of every publication produced in the UK and Ireland (approximately 8,000 per day). Items are in many languages and in many formats, both print and digital: books, manuscripts, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, play-scripts, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings. The Library's collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 2000 BC. ", "Sir Walter Raleigh (, or ; \"circa\" 155429 October 1618) was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer. He was cousin to Sir Richard Grenville and younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England.", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Middle English: \"Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyt\") is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings. The Green Knight is interpreted by some as a representation of the Green Man of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish, and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is an important poem in the romance genre, which typically involves a hero who goes on a quest which tests his prowess, and it remains popular to this day in modern English renderings from J. R. R. Tolkien, Simon Armitage, and others, as well as through film and stage adaptations." ]

[ "advocate", "antiquarian", "archbishop", "attorney general", "author", "book", "chancellor", "commercial", "explorer", "general", "hero", "jurist", "knight", "major", "member", "member of parliament", "military", "philosopher", "poet", "politician", "primate", "professor", "r", "research", "scholar", "statesman", "student", "united kingdom", "writer" ]

[ "Crocker Range National Park was established in 1984, although the area had previously been under protection as a forest reserve. It covers the north-south Crocker Range, of 1200-1800 metre mountains in Sabah, Malaysia. The boundaries of the park have been surveyed, but no facilities exist at present for visitors.", "Mount Kinabalu is a mountain in Sabah, Malaysia. It is protected as Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site. Kinabalu is the highest peak in Borneo's Crocker Range and is the highest mountain in the Malay Archipelago as well as the highest mountain in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu is also the 20th most prominent mountain in the world by topographic prominence.", "Sabah Electricity Sdn . Bhd . ( SESB ) is an electrical company that generates , transmits and distributes electricity mainly in Sabah and Federal Territory of Labuan . It supplies electrical power to 413,983 customers distributed over a wide area of 74,000 km2 . 82.8 % of the customers are domestic customers consuming only 28.8 % of the power generated . This company employs more than 2,300 employees and the main stakeholders of this company are Tenaga Nasional Berhad ( TNB ) ( 80 % ) and Sabah State Government ( 20 % ) .", "Sabah, nicknamed \"Negeri Di Bawah Bayu\" (\"Land Below the Wind\"), is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo (Sarawak being the other state). This territory has a certain level of autonomy in administration, immigration, and judiciary which differentiates it from the Malaysian Peninsula states. Sabah is situated in northern Borneo, bordering the state of Sarawak to the southwest, Kalimantan to the south, while separated by sea from the Federal Territory of Labuan in the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the capital city as well the economic centre for the state and the seat for the Sabah state government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. As of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the state's population is 3,543,500. Sabah has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. The state has a long mountain ranges in the west side which formed as part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River is the second longest river in Malaysia while Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well for Malaysia.", "Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It comprises 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia.", "Sandakan (Jawi: ) formerly known at various times as Elopura, is the second-largest town in Sabah after Kota Kinabalu City, on the north-eastern coast of Borneo in Malaysia. It is located on the east coast of the island in the administrative centre of Sandakan Division and was the former capital of British North Borneo. The town has an estimated population of 157,330 while the surrounding municipal area has a total population of 396,290.", "India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhrat Gaarjya\"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.", "Kota Kinabalu (Jawi: ), formerly known as Jesselton, is the capital of the state of Sabah, Malaysia. It is also the capital of the West Coast Division of Sabah. The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea. The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies to its west and Mount Kinabalu, which gave the city its name, is located to its east. Kota Kinabalu has a population of 452,058 according to the 2010 census; when the adjacent Penampang and Putatan districts are included, the metro area has a combined population of 628,725.", "Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent. The country includes the island of Mauritius, Rodrigues [ east], and the outer islands (Agaléga, St. Brandon and two disputed territories). The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues (southwest) form part of the Mascarene Islands, along with nearby Réunion, a French overseas department. The area of the country is 2,040 km. The capital and largest city is Port Louis. Mauritius was a British colonial possession from 1810 to 1968, the year of its independence. The government uses English as the main language.", "Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.", "The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.", "Peninsular Malaysia, also known as West Malaysia (formerly Malaya), is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands. Its area is . It shares a land border with Thailand in the north. To the south is the island of Singapore.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:", "Crocker Range is a mountain range in Sabah, Malaysia. It is named after William Maunder Crocker. The mountain range separates the east coast and west coast of Sabah. At an average height of , it is the highest mountain range in Sabah. Mount Kinabalu, one of the highest mountains in Southeast Asia, is part of this range. Part of the range has been gazetted for protection as Crocker Range Park since 1984. The area surrounding Mount Kinabalu has been a state park since 1964 and was the country's first World Heritage Site.", "Borneo is the third-largest island in the world and the largest island in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra.", "Tenaga Nasional Berhad (abbreviated as TNB or simply Tenaga Nasional; TENA) is the only electric utility company in Peninsular Malaysia and also the largest power company in Southeast Asia with MYR 99.03 billion worth of assets. It serves over 8.4 million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and the eastern state of Sabah through Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd. TNB's core activities are in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power plants, providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal mining and trading. Operations are carried out in Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, India and Indonesia.", "Tawau (Jawi: ) formerly known as Tawao, is a town and administrative centre of Tawau Division, Sabah, Malaysia. It is the third-largest town in Sabah, after Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan. It is bordered by the Sulu Sea to the east, the Celebes Sea to the south at Cowie Bay and shares a border with North Kalimantan. The town had an estimated population of 113,809, while the whole municipality area had a population of 397,673.", "Labuan (Jawi: ), officially the Federal Territory of Labuan (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan, Jawi: ), is a federal territory of Malaysia. It is made up of the eponymous Labuan Island and six smaller islands, and is located off the coast of the state of Sabah in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is Victoria and is best known as an offshore financial centre offering international financial and business services via Labuan IBFC since 1990 as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby Bruneians and scuba divers. The name Labuan derives from the Malay word \"labuhan\" which means harbour. Labuan is often referred to as \"the pearl of Borneo\".", "The Kinabatangan River is a river in Sabah, Malaysia. It is the second longest river in Malaysia, with a length of 560 kilometres from its headwaters in the mountains of southwest Sabah, to its outlet at the Sulu Sea, east of Sandakan.", "Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.", "Sarawak is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo (Sabah being the other state). This territory has a certain level of autonomy in administration, immigration, and judiciary. Sarawak is in northwest Borneo, bordering the state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of Borneo, to the south, and the independent state of Brunei in the northwest. The capital city, Kuching, is the economic centre of the state and the seat of the Sarawak state government. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu. As of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the total population of Sarawak is 2,636,000. Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia; Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the Balui River. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak." ]

[ "asia", "bangalore", "best", "borneo", "central", "delhi", "forest", "hyderabad", "independence", "india", "indonesia", "kolkata", "kota kinabalu", "kuala lumpur", "kuching", "labuan", "malaysia", "manila", "mauritius", "metro manila", "mumbai", "myanmar", "pacific", "pakistan", "philippines", "putrajaya", "quezon city", "sarawak", "taiwan", "tawau", "thailand" ]

[ "Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.", "eSports (also known as electronic sports, esports, e-sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) are a form of competition that is facilitated by electronic systems, particularly video games; the input of players and teams as well as the output of the eSports system are mediated by human-computer interfaces. Most commonly, eSports take the form of organized, multiplayer video game competitions, particularly between professional players. The most common video game genres associated with eSports are real-time strategy, fighting, first-person shooter (FPS), and multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA). Tournaments such as The International, the \"League of Legends\" World Championship, the Battle.net World Championship Series, the Evolution Championship Series, the Intel Extreme Masters, and the Smite World Championship provide live broadcasts of the competition, and prize money and salaries to competitors.", "FOREST (short for \"Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco\") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.", "Major League Gaming Inc. ( MLG ) is a professional esports organization . MLG is headquartered in New York City , New York and was founded in 2002 by Sundance DiGiovanni and Mike Sepso . MLG has held official video game tournaments throughout the United States and Canada . The Boost Mobile MLG Pro Circuit was a television broadcast of Halo 2 MLG tournaments in 2006 and 2007 , ESPN.com , and other broadband sites . The company has also been involved in television production , and game development . MLG 's aim is to elevate computer and console game tournaments to viable competitive and spectator events . In January 2016 , video game publisher Activision Blizzard announced its acquisition of Major League Gaming . The company , whose own eSports division is led by MLG co-founder Mike Sepso , stated that it intended to leverage the purchase as part of its plans to build an eSports - focused television network .", "ESPN (originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Networks) is a U.S.-based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company (which operates the network) and the Hearst Corporation (which owns a 20% minority share).", "The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio, then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing, and online media." ]

[ "electronic sports", "music", "united kingdom" ]

[ "The Peloponnesian War (431404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force, in 413 BC. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from Persia, supported rebellions in Athens' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens' empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. The destruction of Athens' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved, but Sparta refused.", "In Ancient Greece, a deme or demos was a suburb of Athens or a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens. Demes as simple subdivisions of land in the countryside seem to have existed in the 6th century BC and earlier, but did not acquire particular significance until the reforms of Cleisthenes in 508 BC. In those reforms, enrollment in the citizen-lists of a deme became the requirement for citizenship; prior to that time, citizenship had been based on membership in a phratry, or family group. At this same time, demes were established in the city of Athens itself, where they had not previously existed; in all, at the end of Cleisthenes' reforms, Attica was divided into 139 demes to which one should add Berenikidai, established in 224/223 BC, Apollonieis (201/200 BC) and Antinoeis (126/127). The establishment of demes as the fundamental units of the state weakened the gene, or aristocratic family groups, that had dominated the phratries.", "Aristophanes (or ; c. 446 c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion, was a comic playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete. These, together with fragments of some of his other plays, provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, and are used to define it.", "Old Comedy (\"archaia\") is the first period of the ancient Greek comedy, according to the canonical division by the Alexandrian grammarians. The most important Old Comic playwright is Aristophanes whose works, with their daring political commentary and abundance of sexual innuendo, effectively define the genre today. Aristophanes satirized and lampooned the most prominent personalities and institutions of his time, as can be seen, for example, in his scurrilous portrayal of Socrates in \"The Clouds\", and in his racy anti-war farce \"Lysistrata\". Aristophanes was only one of a large number of comic poets, however, working in Athens in the late 5th century BC; his biggest rivals were Hermippus and Eupolis.", "The Clouds (\"Nephelai\") is a Greek comedy play written by the celebrated playwright Aristophanes. A lampooning of intellectual fashions in classical Athens, it was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423BC and was not as well-received as the author had hoped, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year. It was revised between 420 and 417BC and was thereafter circulated in manuscript form.", "Sparta (Doric Greek: ; Attic Greek: ) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon, while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.", "The Wasps (\"Sphkes\") is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'. It was produced at the Lenaia festival in 422 BC, a time when Athens was enjoying a brief respite from the Peloponnesian War following a one-year truce with Sparta.", "Carcinus ( Greek : ) was an Ancient Greek tragedian , and was a member of a family including Xenocles ( a father or uncle ) and his grandfather Carcinus of Agrigentum . He received a prize for only one out of his one hundred and sixty plays , many of them composed at the court of Dionysius II of Syracuse . Only nine titles , with associated fragments , of his plays have survived : Achilles , Aerope or Thyestes , Ajax , Alope , Amphiaraus , Oedipus , Orestes , Semele , and Tyro . He and his sons were lampooned by Aristophanes at the end of The Wasps and in Peace . All three of those sons became playwrights . Carcinus is mentioned briefly by Aristotle . In the Poetics , Chapter 17 ( 1455a lines 22 to 29 ) , Aristotle discusses the necessity for a playwright to see the composition on the stage , rather than just in print , in order to weed out any inconsistencies . Aristotle points to an unnamed play of Carcinus which had a character , Amphiaraus , exit a temple . For some reason ( presumably the events prior ) , this seemed outrageously inconsistent when viewed on the stage , and the audience `` hissed '' the actors right off the stage . It seems this particular inconsistency was not easily recognised by merely reading the script .", "Syracuse ( \"Syrakousai\"; Medieval ) is a historic city in Sicily, the capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is notable for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture, and as the birthplace of the preeminent mathematician and engineer Archimedes. This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of the Mediterranean world. Syracuse is located in the southeast corner of the island of Sicily, next to the Gulf of Syracuse beside the Ionian Sea.", "Xenocles is the name of two Greek tragedians. There were two Athenian tragic poets of this name, one the grandfather of the other. No fragments of either are currently known, except for a few words of the elder apparently parodied in Aristophanes' \"The Clouds\".", "The Lenaia was an annual Athenian festival with a dramatic competition. It was one of the lesser festivals of Athens and Ionia in ancient Greece. The Lenaia took place in Athens in the month of Gamelion, roughly corresponding to January. The festival was in honour of Dionysos Lenaios. \"Lenaia\" probably comes from \"\"lenos\"\" 'wine-press' or from \"\"lenai\"\", another name for the Maenads (the female worshippers of Dionysos).", "Dionysius the Younger or Dionysius II (343 BC) was a Greek politician who ruled Syracuse, Sicily from 367 BC to 357 BC and again from 346 BC to 344 BC." ]

[ "athens", "classical athens", "greece", "politician", "sparta", "syracuse" ]

[ "Samuel William Christopher Watson IV (born March 7, 1974) better known by his stage name Krizz Kaliko, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is a longtime collaborator with fellow hometown native, Tech N9ne, and is signed to the label that Tech co-owns, Strange Music.", "Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color, which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation. Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe and Northeast Asia as measured through skin reflectance. People with light skin pigmentation are often referred to as \"white\" or \"fair\", although these usages can be ambiguous in some countries where they are used to refer specifically to certain ethnic groups or populations.", "Strange Music, Inc. is an American independent record label specializing in hip hop music founded by Tech N9ne and business partner Travis O'Guin in 1999. It is currently distributed through Fontana Distribution.", "Vitiligo is a long term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins. The hair from the skin may also become white. Inside the mouth and nose may also be involved. Typically both sides of the body are affected. Often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun. It is more noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo may result in psychological stress and those affected may be stigmatized.\nThe cause is typically unknown. It is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility that is triggered by an environmental factor such that an autoimmune disease occurs. This results in the destruction of skin pigment cells. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. Vitiligo is classified into two main types: segmental and non-segmental. Most cases are non-segmental meaning they affect both sides and typically get worse with time. About 10% of cases are segmental meaning they mostly involve one side of the body and do not typically worsen with time. Diagnosis can be confirmed by tissue biopsy.\nThere is no known cure for vitiligo. For those with light skin, sunscreen and makeup are all that is typically recommended. Other treatment options may include steroid creams or phototherapy to darken the light patches. Alternatively, efforts to lighten the unaffected skin, such as with hydroquinone, may be tried. A number of surgical options are available for those who do not improve with other measures. A combination of treatments generally has better outcomes. Counselling to provide emotional support may be useful.\nGlobally about 1% of people are affected by vitiligo. Some populations have rates as high as 23%. Males and females are equally affected. About half show the disorder before age 20 and most develop it before age 40. Vitiligo has been described since ancient history.", "Aaron Dontez Yates (born November 8, 1971), better known as Tech N9ne (pronounced \"Tech Nine\"), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur. In 1999, he and business partner Travis O'Guin founded the record label Strange Music. He has sold over two million albums and has had his music featured in film, television, and video games. In 2009, he won the Left Field Woodie award at the mtvU Woodie Awards.", "Vitiligo is the debut album from rapper & singer Krizz Kaliko . His debut album comes after spending several years lending his voice to releases from Tech N9ne and his other labelmates . The album 's title comes from the skin disorder that Krizz suffers from , Vitiligo . The album contained several guests features , most noticeable being Tech N9ne , who appeared on a good portion of the album . Other names who appeared on the album include the group Twiztid , bay area rapper E- 40 as well as several of Kaliko 's fellow label mates . The clean version of the album included one more feature , King Gordy , on the track `` Mirror , Mirror . '' Those who pre-ordered the album through F.Y.E. received a free bonus downloadable track titled `` In Da Whip . '' In its release week , Vitiligo found its way onto several Billboard charts . Among them were the Billboard 200 at # 167 , Top Independent Albums at # 19 and Top Rap Albums at # 20 .", "Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises which appear to be hairless.\nThe skin interfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense from external factors. For example, the skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D folates. Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue. This is sometimes discoloured and depigmented. The thickness of skin also varies from location to location on an organism. In humans for example, the skin located under the eyes and around the eyelids is the thinnest skin in the body at 0.5 mm thick, and is one of the first areas to show signs of aging such as \"crows feet\" and wrinkles. The skin on the palms and the soles of the feet is 4 mm thick and the back is 14 mm thick and is the thickest skin in the body. The speed and quality of wound healing in skin is promoted by the reception of estrogen.", "MTVU (formerly stylized as MtvU and mtvU) is an American digital cable television network owned by the Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. In addition to distribution on conventional cable systems, the channel is available to more than 750 college and university campuses across the United States, as part of internally originated cable systems that are a part of on-campus housing or college closed-circuit television systems. Music videos played on the channel primarily consist of indie rock, pop punk and hip-hop along with limited original programming. MTVU also owns RateMyProfessors.com." ]

[ "digital", "europe", "fontana distribution", "label", "latin", "record", "record label", "strange music", "viacom" ]

[ "Kerak Castle is a large Crusader castle located in al-Karak, Jordan. It is one of the largest crusader castles in the Levant. Construction of the castle began in the 1140s, under Pagan and Fulk, King of Jerusalem. The Crusaders called it \"Crac des Moabites\" or \"Karak in Moab\", as it is frequently referred to in history books.", "Maria of Montferrat ( or Maria of Jerusalem ) ( 1192 -- 1212 ) was Queen of Jerusalem , the daughter of Isabella I of Jerusalem and Conrad of Montferrat . She was known in her youth as The Marquise , because of her father 's title .", "Raynald of Châtillon, also known as Reynald or Reginald of Châtillon (1125 4 July 1187), was Prince of Antioch from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain from 1175 until his death. He was born as his father's second son into a French noble family. After losing a part of his patrimony, he joined the Second Crusade in 1147. He settled in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and served in the royal army as a mercenary.", "Baldwin IV (1161 16 March 1185), called \"the Leper\", reigned as King of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death. He was the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife, Agnes of Courtenay.", "Conrad of Montferrat (Italian: \"Corrado del Monferrato\"; Piedmontese: \"Conrà ëd Monfrà\") (died 28 April 1192) was a north Italian nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the \"de facto\" King of Jerusalem (as Conrad I) by marriage from 24 November 1190, but officially elected only in 1192, days before his death. He was also marquis of Montferrat from 1191.", "Humphrey IV of Toron (1166 1198) was a leading baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He inherited the Lordship of Toron from his grandfather, Humphrey II of Toron, in 1179. He was also heir to the Lordship of Oultrejourdan through his mother, Stephanie of Milly. He renounced Toron on his engagement to the half-sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, Isabella, in 1180, because Baldwin wanted to prevent him from uniting two large fiefs. Humphrey married Isabella in Kerak Castle in autumn 1183. Saladin, the Ayyubbid sultan of Egypt and Syria, laid siege to Kerak during the wedding, but Baldwin IV and Raymond III of Tripoli relieved the fortress.", "An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (/ ALA-LC: \"al ad-Dn Ysuf ibn Ayyb\"; / ALC-LC: \"Selahedînê Eyûbî\"), known as Saladin (1137  4 March 1193), was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen and other parts of North Africa.", "Isabella I (1172 5 April 1205) was Queen regnant of Jerusalem from 1190 to her death. She was the daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his second wife Maria Comnena. Her half-brother, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, engaged her to Humphrey IV of Toron. Her mother's second husband, Balian of Ibelin, and his stepfather, Raynald of Châtillon, were influential members of the two baronial parties. The marriage of Isabella and Humphrey was celebrated in Kerak Castle in autumn 1183. Saladin, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and Syria, laid siege to the fortress during the wedding, but Baldwin IV forced him to lift the siege.", "The Third Crusade (11891192), also known as The Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (al ad-Dn Ysuf ibn Ayyb). The campaign was largely successful, capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade.", "Balian of Ibelin (1143 1193) was a crusader noble of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century.", "Montferrat (or ) is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly (and its extent has varied over time) the modern provinces of Alessandria and Asti. Montferrat is one of the most important wine districts of Italy. It also has a strong literary tradition, including the 18th century Asti-born poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri and the Alessandrian Umberto Eco.", "Piedmont (Piedmontese and ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres (9,808 sq mi) and a population of about 4.6 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin.", "De facto is a Latin expression that means \"in fact, in reality, in actual existence, force, or possession, as a matter of fact\" (literally \"of fact\"). In law, it often means \"in practice but not necessarily ordained by law\" or \"in practice or actuality, but not officially designated or established\". It is commonly used in contrast to \"\" (which means \"according to law\"; literally \"from law\"), when referring to matters of law, governance, or technique (such as standards) that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or contrary to a regulation. When discussing a legal situation, \"de jure\" designates what the law says, while \"de facto\" designates what happens in practice." ]

[ "12th century", "acre", "ala", "alessandria", "antioch", "asti", "baldwin", "châtillon", "egypt", "holy land", "ii", "italy", "jerusalem", "jordan", "karak", "march", "maria", "montferrat", "north africa", "northern italy", "of", "piedmont", "raymond", "syria", "tradition", "tripoli", "turin", "wedding", "yemen" ]

[ "Initial D Arcade Stage (commonly referred to as \"IDAS\", followed by a version number) is a racing game series developed by Sega, based on the anime and manga \"Initial D\". In the U.S., the games, which keep their version names in later entries, are otherwise known as simply \"Initial D\" without the \"Arcade Stage\" subtitle.", "LG Electronics Inc. is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea, and is part of the LG Group, employing 82,000 people working in 119 local subsidiaries worldwide. With 2014 global sales of USD 55.91 billion (KRW 59.04 trillion), LG comprises four business units: Home Entertainment, Mobile Communications, Home Appliance & Air Solution, and Vehicle Components, with Starion India as its main production vendor for refrigeration and washing machines in the Indian sub-continent. The CEO of LG Electronics is Bon-joon Koo, who assumed the role of vice chairman of LG Electronics on 1 October 2010.\nIn 2011, LG Electronics was the world's second-largest television manufacturer.", "Funimation is an American entertainment, anime, and foreign licensing company based in Flower Mound, Texas. The studio is one of the leading distributors of anime and other foreign entertainment properties in North America alongside Viz Media, Sentai Filmworks and Aniplex of America. Their most popular property is Toei Animation's action-adventure series \"Dragon Ball Z\", which had a successful run on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from 1998 to 2003, and has been re-released on DVD and Blu-ray several times since. It was founded on May 9, 1994 by Gen Fukunaga and his wife Cindy as FUNimation Productions, with funding by Daniel Cocanougher and his family, who became investors in the company. Funimation was sold to Navarre Corporation on May 11, 2005 and the company was renamed FUNimation Entertainment. In April 2011, Navarre sold Funimation to a group of investors including Fukunaga for $24 million. Around the same time, the company's trademark ball, star and blue bar were dropped from its logo and the company was renamed to simply Funimation. In May 2013, Funimation consolidated its divisions under its new holding company Group 1200 Media. Funimation is a portmanteau of the English words \"fun\" and \"animation\".", "The term \"manga\" (kanji: ; hiragana: ; katakana: or ) in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. \"Manga\" as a term used outside Japan refers to comics originally published in Japan.", "Tokyopop, styled TOKYOPOP, and formerly known as Mixx Entertainment, is an American distributor, licensor, and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa, and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's defunct US publishing division previously published works in English and Japanese. Tokyopop had its US headquarters in the Variety Building in Los Angeles, California, and branches in the United Kingdom and Germany.", "Sony Interactive Entertainment, LLC., doing business as Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. (abbreviated as SIE and formerly known as Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (SCE) and Sony Network Entertainment) is a multinational video game developer, product manufacturer and research and development company, and is an owned subsidiary and part of the Consumer Products and Services Group of Sony.", "Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusionas in motion pictures in generalis thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation, and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced.", "The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch. Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012. Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013. Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.", "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.", "The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for \"Developers' System\" or \"Dual Screen\", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.", "The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and production of anime works in Japan has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "In contrast to the hiragana syllabary, which is used for those Japanese language words and grammatical inflections which kanji does not cover, the katakana syllabary usage is quite similar to italics in English; specifically, it is used for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of loan words (collectively \"gairaigo\"); for emphasis; to represent onomatopoeia; for technical and scientific terms; and for names of plants, animals, minerals, and often Japanese companies.", "Hiragana and katakana are both kana systems. With one or two minor exceptions, each sound in the Japanese language (strictly, each mora) is represented by one character (or one digraph) in each system. This may be either a vowel such as \"\"a\"\" (hiragana ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as \"\"ka\"\" (); or \"\"n\"\" (), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English \"m\", \"n\", or \"ng\", or like the nasal vowels of French. Because the characters of the kana do not represent single consonants (except in the case of \"n\"), the kana are referred to as syllabaries and not alphabets.", "Sony Mobile is a multinational telecommunications company founded on October 1, 2001 as a joint venture between Sony and Ericsson, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and wholly owned by Sony. It was originally incorporated as Sony Ericsson, but Sony acquired Ericsson's share in the venture on February 16, 2012.", "The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as \"The Adventures of Tintin\". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (\"\") propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.", "A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operation by doing and influencing or electing its board of directors. The second company is deemed a subsidiary of the parent company.", "\"Initial D\" has been adapted into several television anime and original video animations series by OB Studio Comet, Studio Gallop, Pastel, A.C.G.T and SynergySP. A live action film by Avex and Media Asia was released in 2005 and its sequel, Initial D 2, will be released in 2016. Both the manga and anime series were initially licensed for English-language distribution in North America by Tokyopop (20022009), however, the anime license has since been picked up by Funimation, while the manga is no longer available in English.", "Initial D : Street Stage is a video game based on the manga and anime Initial D. It was released on February 23 , 2006 for the Sony PlayStation Portable . It is based on Version 3 of Initial D Arcade Stage . The game features all the characters , cars and tracks ( except for Akina Snow ) from Version 3 of the arcade game , as well as additional content . Two versions of the game were released . A Japanese version and an Asian version , which is the same as the Japanese version only with an instruction manual printed in English .", "The PAL region (PAL being short for Phase Alternating Line) is a television publication territory that covers most of Asia, Africa, Europe, South America and Oceania. It is so named because of the PAL television standard traditionally used in those regions, as opposed to the NTSC standard traditionally used in Japan and nearly all of North America." ]

[ "cartoon network", "cave", "century", "english", "illusion", "japan", "kana", "navarre corporation", "nintendo", "north america", "ntsc", "pal region", "russia", "samsung", "sega", "sony", "sony computer entertainment", "south korea", "stock", "taiwan", "toei animation", "tokyopop", "viz media" ]

[ "The Winter Olympic Games is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936, after which they were interrupted by World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years. Until 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.", "Alpine skiing, or downhill skiing, is the sport or recreation of sliding down snow-covered hills on skis with fixed-heel bindings. It is characterized by the requirement for mechanical assistance getting to the top of the hill, since the equipment does not allow efficient walking or hiking, unlike cross-country skis which use free-heel bindings. It is typically practiced at ski resorts which provide services such as ski lifts, artificial snow making and grooming, first aid, and restaurants. Back-country skiers use alpine skiing equipment to ski off the marked pistes, in some cases with the assistance of snowmobiles, helicopters or snowcats. Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 (except for the 1940 games).", "Shetland , also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago that lies northeast of the island of Great Britain and forms part of Scotland, United Kingdom.", "Cortina d'Ampezzo (Ladin: \"Anpezo, Ampëz\"), commonly referred to as Cortina, is a town and \"comune\" in the heart of the southern (Dolomitic) Alps in the Veneto region of Northern Italy. Situated on the Boite river, in an alpine valley, it is a popular winter sport resort known for its skiing trails, scenery, accommodation, shops and après-ski scene, and for its jet set and aristocratic European crowd.", "The 1952 Winter Olympics (Norwegian: \"Vinter-OL 1952\"), officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games (French: Les \"VIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver\"), took place in Oslo, Norway, from 14 to 25 February. Discussions about Oslo hosting the Winter Olympic Games began as early as 1935; the city wanted to host the 1948 Games, but World War II made that impossible. Instead, Oslo won the right to host the 1952 Games in a contest that included Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy and Lake Placid in the United States. All of the venues were in Oslo's metropolitan area except for the alpine skiing events, which were held at Norefjell, from the capital. A new hotel was built for the press and dignitaries, along with three dormitories to house athletes and coaches, creating the first modern athlete's village. The city of Oslo bore the financial burden of hosting the Games in return for the revenue they generated.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "Finn Helgesen ( 25 April 1919 -- 3 September 2011 ) was a speed skater from Norway . He was born in Drammen , Buskerud . At the Norwegian Championships , Helgesen won the 500 m in 1947 and 1949 . He became Olympic Champion on the 500 m at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz in a new Olympic record time of 43.1 seconds -- a mere 0.1 seconds ahead of three skaters winning Olympic silver . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo ( his hometown ) , Helgesen and two other skaters skated 44.0 seconds on the 500 m , a time good enough for bronze . But because Helgesen had lost the heat against one of those two skaters , he was ranked 5th . Note that times were measured to a precision of only one tenth of a second in those days -- at the speeds on the 500 m , it was possible for two skaters to finish in the same time , while one of them finished more than one meter ahead of the other . Stated differently : In one tenth of a second , these skaters advanced more than one meter . Helgesen skated for Oslo Skøiteklub ( `` Oslo Skating Club '' ) , the same skating club many other famous Norwegian skaters skated for at one time or other -- Roald Aas , Ivar Ballangrud , Bernt Evensen , Rudolf Gundersen , Oscar Mathisen , and Laila Schou Nilsen , amongst others ." ]

[ "alpine skiing", "bobsleigh", "curling", "figure skating", "hockey", "nordic skiing", "speed skating", "sport", "united kingdom" ]

[ "Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or Macaroni Western (primarily in Japan), is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. The term was used by American critics and other countries because most of these Westerns were produced and directed by Italians.", "Sergio Corbucci (6 December 1926 1 December 1990) was an Italian film director. He is best known for his very violent spaghetti westerns.", "Sergio Leone (3 January 1929 30 April 1989) was an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter, credited as the inventor of the \"Spaghetti Western\" genre.", "Minnesota Clay ( aka Le Justicier du Minnesota ) is a 1965 Italian / French / Spanish international co-production spaghetti western directed by Sergio Corbucci .", "An international co-production is a production where two or more different production companies are working together, for example in a film production. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together." ]

[ "april", "box", "december", "film", "genre", "january", "office", "production", "term", "two" ]

[ "LisaRaye McCoy (born September 23, 1966 or 1967), known as LisaRaye, is an American actress, model, businesswoman and fashion designer. McCoy is best known for portraying Diana \"Diamond\" Armstrong in the 1998 film \"The Players Club\", Neesee James on the CW sitcom \"All of Us\" from 2003 until 2007 and Keisha Greene in the VH1 romantic comedy series \"Single Ladies\" which originally aired from 20112014. She is also the ex-wife of Michael Misick, the first-ever Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands.", "Denise Vasi (born March 1, 1983) is an American fashion model and soap opera actress from Brooklyn, New York. She attended Long Island University where she studied Business. She resides in Los Angeles, California.", "The Pumpkin Karver is a 2006 slasher film written by Robert Mann and Sheldon Silverstein , produced by Sheldon Silverstein and directed by Robert Mann , it stars Amy Weber , Minka Kelly , Terrence Evans and Charity Shea .", "Charity Shea (born December 4, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as troubled teenager Samantha Best in \"The Best Years\". She has starred in films including \"Alpha Dog\" with Justin Timberlake and Bruce Willis. She appears as \"April\" on the VH1 series \"Single Ladies\" a drama series, starring alongside Denise Vasi & LisaRaye McCoy.", "Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981)\nis an American singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. Born in Memphis, Tennessee, he appeared on the television shows \"Star Search\" and \"The All-New Mickey Mouse Club\" as a child. In the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. During their hiatus, Timberlake released his debut solo album, the R&B-focused \"Justified\" (2002), which yielded the successful singles \"Cry Me a River\" and \"Rock Your Body\", and earned his first two Grammy Awards.", "Terrence Howard Evans (June 21, 1934 August 7, 2015) was an American-born Welsh film and stage actor. His parents met on the RMS \"Berengaria\" while coming to America from Wales in 1929.", "Minka Dumont Kelly (born Minka Dumont Dufay; on June 24, 1980) is an American actress. She is most known for her roles in the TV series \"Friday Night Lights\" (2006), \"Parenthood\" (2010) and \"Charlie's Angels\" (2011). She is also known for her role in \"The Roommate\" (2011). She appeared in the 2013 film \"The Butler\" as Jackie Kennedy and in the short-lived Fox science fiction/crime drama \"Almost Human\".", "The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming. To be eligible for the chart, a single is currently defined by the Official Charts Company (OCC) as either a 'single bundle' having no more than four tracks and not lasting longer than 25 minutes or one digital audio track not longer than 15 minutes with a minimum sale price of 40 pence. The rules have changed many times as technology has developed, the most notable being the inclusion of digital downloads in 2005 and streaming in 2014.", "Amy Marie Weber (born July 2, 1970) is an American actress, model, film producer, singer, former professional wrestling valet and professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in WWE as a WWE Diva. She released an album, \"Let it Rain\", the titular single for which stayed in the U.S. Billboard Chart for over a month. It was also released internationally via Dauman Music and Republic Digital and climbed to number 6 in the UK Singles Chart. Weber has been the face of a Shiseido cosmetic campaign.", "VH1 (originally an initialism of Video Hits One) is an American cable television network based in New York City that is owned by the Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of Viacom Media Networks. The channel was first launched on January 1, 1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting System's short-lived Cable Music Channel. It was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV (MTV and VH1 are now both owned by Viacom Media Networks)." ]

[ "2013", "2014", "brooklyn", "california", "los angeles", "memphis", "new york", "new york city", "united kingdom", "wales" ]

[ "War Photographer is a documentary by Christian Frei about the photographer James Nachtwey . As well as telling the story of an iconic man in the field of war photography , the film addresses the broader scope of ideas common to all those involved in war journalism , as well as the issues that they cover . The documentary won a 2003 Peabody Award , and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2002 and an Emmy Award in 2004 . It also won or was nominated for more than 40 other awards internationally .", "Christian Frei (born 1959 in Schönenwerd, Solothurn) is a Swiss filmmaker and film producer. He is mostly known for his films \"War Photographer\" (2001), \"The Giant Buddhas\" (2005) and \"Space Tourists\" (2009).\nSince 2006, Christian Frei has been an associate lecturer on Reflection Competence at the renowned University of St. Gallen. From 2006 to 2009 he was president of the Documentary Film Commission for the film section of the Swiss Ministry of Culture. Since August 2010 he is president of the Swiss Film Academy.", "The Giant Buddhas is a documentary film by Swiss filmmaker Christian Frei about the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan in Afghanistan. It was released in March 2006. The movie film quotes local Afghans that the destruction was ordered by Osama Bin Laden and that initially, Mullah Omar and the Afghans in Bamyan had opposed the destruction.", "The University of St. Gallen (in German: \"Universität St. Gallen\") is a research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Established in 1898, it is specialized in the fields of business administration, economics, law, and international affairs. The University of St. Gallen is also known as HSG, which is an abbreviation of its former German name \"Handels-Hochschule St. Gallen\"." ]

[ "afghanistan", "switzerland" ]

[ "Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.", "Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.", "The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.", "Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.", "Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the \"de facto\" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.", "Tehran ( \"Tehrn\") is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 9 million in the city and 16 million in the wider metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city of Iran, the 2nd-most populous city in Western Asia and the 3rd-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.", "Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is \"Middle-Eastern\" and the derived noun is \"Middle-Easterner\". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.", "Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , \"Afnistn\"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.", "Kerman Province (\"Ostn-e Kermn\") is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Kerman is in the southeast of Iran with its administrative center in the city of Kerman. In 2014 it was placed in Region 5. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achamenid satrapy of Carmania, it is the second largest province of Iran with an area of 180,726 km², that encompasses nearly 11 percent of the land area of Iran. The population of the province is about 3 million (9th in the country). The main counties of Kerman province are Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Jiroft, Rafsanjan, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman, Mahan, Rayen, Kahnuj, Qaleh Ganj, Manujan, Roodbar-e-Jonob, Anbar Abad, and Ravar.", "Nagorno-Karabakh, officially the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR; \"Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun\"), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh (\"Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun\"), is an unrecognised republic in the South Caucasus. The region is considered by the UN to be part of Azerbaijan, but is under the control of ethnic Armenian separatists. The NKR controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west, Iran to the south, and the uncontested territory of Azerbaijan to the north and east.", "The Strait of Hormuz \"Tangehyyeh Hormoz\" , \"Maq Hurmuz\") is a strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. At its narrowest, the strait has a width of .", "The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is in an endorheic basin (it has no outflows) located between Europe and Asia. It is bound by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast.", "Jiroft (also Romanized as Jroft; formerly, Sabzwrn, Sabzevrn, Sabzevrn-e Jiroft, and Sabzvrn) is a city in and the capital of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95,031, in 19,926 families. It is located south of the city of Kerman, and south of Tehran along Road 91. In the past it was also called Sabzevaran, and on account of its being very fertile land it is famous as Hend-e-Koochak (the little India).", "Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the \"sunnah\", composed of accounts called \"hadith\") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.", "Armenia ( tr. \"Hayastan\"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. \"Hayastani Hanrapetutyun\"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the \"Armenian Highlands\", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.", "Bardsir (also Romanized as Bardsr and Bardesr; also known as Deh-e Now-e Mashz, Mashz, Mshiz, and Qaleh-ye Mashz) is a city in and the capital of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31,801, in 7,391 families. ", "Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.", "Bam County is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Bam. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including portions later split off to form Fahraj County, Narmashir County, and Rigan County) was 277,835, in 67,639 families; excluding those portions, the population was 118,037 in 31,124 families. The county has one district (bakhsh): the Central District. The county has two cities: Bam, Baravat.", "The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman (\"aldj Umn\"; in Balochi: in \"Khaleej Oman\") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.", "Baft (also Romanized as Bft) is a city in and the capital of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. Baft is located southwest of Kerman. At the 2006 census, its population was 35,008, in 8,265 families.\nheight.\nbaft is one of the highest cities in iran.heght of baft city is between 2280-2315 meters.", "Rafsanjan (also Romanized as Rafsanjn and Rafsinjn; also known as Bahrmbd) is a city in and the capital of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136,388, in 33,489 families. ", "Kahnuj (also Romanized as Kahnj) is a city in and the capital of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38,571, in 8,278 families. To the northwest is Mehroyeh Wildlife Refuge.", "The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as \"Ratnkara\", \"\"the mine of gems\"\" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as \"Hind Mahsgar\", \"\"the great Indian sea\"\", in Hindi.", "Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.", "Fahraj County is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Fahraj. It was separated from Bam County in 2009. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 41,291 in 9,568 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Negin Kavir District. The county has one city: Fahraj.", "Bam ( Persian : ) is a city in and the capital of Bam County , Kerman Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 73,823 , in 19,572 families . The modern Iranian city of Bam surrounds the Bam citadel . Before the 2003 earthquake the official population count of the city was roughly 43,000 . There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel . Some people believe that Bam city was founded during the Parthian Empire . Economically and commercially , Bam occupied a very important place in the region and was famed for its textiles and clothes . Ibn Hawqal ( 943 -- 977 ) , the Arab traveller and geographer , wrote of Bam in his book Surat - ul - ` ard ( The Earth - figure ) : Over there they weave excellent , beautiful and long - lasting cotton cloths which are sent to places all over the world There they also make excellent clothes , each of which costs around 30 dinars ; these are sold in Khorasan , Iraq and Egypt . The ancient citadel of Arg - é Bam has a history dating back around 2,000 years ago , to the Parthian Empire ( 248 BC -- 224 AD ) , but most buildings were built during the Safavid dynasty . The city was largely abandoned due to an Afghan invasion in 1722 . Subsequently , after the city had gradually been re-settled , it was abandoned a second time due to an attack by invaders from Shiraz . It was also used for a time as an army barracks . The modern city of Bam was established later than the old citadel . It has gradually developed as an agricultural and industrial centre , and until the 2003 earthquake was experiencing rapid growth . In particular , the city is known for its dates and citrus fruit , irrigated by a substantial network of qanats . The city also benefited from tourism , with an increasing number of people visiting the ancient citadel in recent years .", "Kerman (also Romanized as Kermn, Kermun, and Kirman; also known as Carmania) is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,374, in 221,389 households, making it the 10th most populous city of Iran.", "Turkmenistan (or ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.", "A bakhsh is a type of administrative division of Iran. While sometimes translated as county, it should be more accurately translated as district, similar to a township in the United States or a district of England.", "Sirjan (also Romanized as Srjn; formerly, Sadbd) is a city in and the capital of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 170,916, in 40,605 families." ]

[ "afghanistan", "anatolia", "armenia", "azerbaijan", "baft county", "baghdad", "bam", "center", "central", "central district", "district", "earth", "east", "egypt", "england", "fahraj county", "greece", "gulf", "india", "indian", "iran", "iraq", "jiroft", "jordan", "kahnuj county", "karabakh", "kerman", "kerman province", "nakhchivan", "near east", "negin kavir district", "north west", "northwest", "noun", "of", "oman", "pakistan", "pashto", "sirjan county", "south", "southwest", "syria", "tajikistan", "tehran", "tehran province", "the nation", "turkey", "turkmenistan", "united arab emirates", "west", "yemen" ]

[ "Simple Minds are a Scottish rock band. They formed in Glasgow in 1977 and became the most commercially successful Scottish band of the 1980s. They achieved five UK number one albums during their career and have sold 30 million records worldwide to date. Despite various personnel changes, they continue to record and tour.", "The Blank Generation is the earliest published D - I - Y `` home movies '' of New York punk 's birth filmed by Amos Poe and Ivan Kral , legendary 1970s guitarist with Iggy Pop , Blondie and Patti Smith .", "James Newell Osterberg, Jr., known professionally as Iggy Pop (born April 21, 1947), is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, and is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics.", "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the band's line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder (lead vocals), Mike McCready (lead guitar), Stone Gossard (rhythm guitar) and Jeff Ament (bass). The band's fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron (also of Soundgarden), who has been with the band since 1998. Boom Gaspar (piano) has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002. Drummers Dave Krusen, Matt Chamberlain, Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band.", "Ivan Král (born 12 May 1948, in Prague) is a Grammy Award-winning, Czech-born American composer, filmmaker, record producer, bass guitar player, and singer-songwriter. He works across many genres including punk, rock, jazz, soul, country and film scores. His songs have been recorded by such artists as U2, Pearl Jam, Téléphone, Patti Smith, Iggy Pop, David Bowie, Simple Minds, and John Waite, among others.", "U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and guitar), the Edge (guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music, yet has maintained an anthemic sound. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal themes and sociopolitical concerns.", "Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the 14th largest city in the European Union. It is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.26 million people, while its larger urban zone is estimated to have a population of nearly 2 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.", "John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English musician. He was lead vocalist for The Babys and Bad English. As a solo artist, 1984's \"Missing You\", was a No. 1 hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart.", "The Stooges, also known as Iggy and the Stooges, were an American rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by frontman Iggy Pop. After releasing two albums\"The Stooges\" (1969) and \"Fun House\" (1970)the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release \"Raw Power\" (1973) before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 and was active until 2016 following the deaths of several original members.", "Téléphone was a French rock band formed in 1976 by Jean-Louis Aubert (singer/guitarist), Louis Bertignac (guitarist/singer), Corine Marienneau (bass/singer) and Richard Kolinka (drums).", "Patricia Lee \"Patti\" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, and visual artist who became an influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album \"Horses\".", "David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in popular music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. " ]

[ "1", "1946", "1947", "1948", "1967", "1970", "1973", "1976", "1977", "1990", "1996", "1998", "2", "2002", "2003", "2016", "21", "4", "8" ]

[ "Romuald Rodrigue ( born 5 June 1929 at Saint - Georges , Quebec ) was a Ralliement créditiste and Social Credit party member of the Canadian House of Commons . He was an accountant , administrator and manager by career . Rodrigue attended high school at Saint - George - de - Beauce and studied at Saint - Georges Seminary . He was elected at the Beauce riding in the 1968 general election and served one term , the 28th Canadian Parliament . Initially , his party was known as the Ralliement créditiste , then in April 1971 the party became known as Social Credit . Rodrigue left federal politics after he was defeated at Beauce in the 1972 and 1974 federal elections .", "The Social Credit Party of Canada, colloquially known as the Socreds, was a conservative-populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. It was the federal wing of the Canadian social credit movement.", "Social credit is an interdisciplinary distributive philosophy developed by C. H. Douglas (18791952), a British engineer, who published a book by that name in 1924. It encompasses economics, political science, history, and accounting. Its policies are designed, according to Douglas, to disperse economic and political power to individuals. Douglas wrote, \"Systems were made for men, and not men for systems, and the interest of man which is self-development, is above all systems, whether theological, political or economic.\" Douglas said that Social Crediters want to build a new civilization based upon \"absolute economic security\" for the individual, where \"they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid.\" In his words, \"what we really demand of existence is not that we shall be put into somebody else's Utopia, but we shall be put in a position to construct a Utopia of our own.\"", "Historically in Quebec, Canada, there was a number of political parties that were part of the Canadian social credit movement. There were various parties at different times with different names at the provincial level, all broadly following the social credit philosophy; at various times they had varying degrees of affiliation with the Social Credit Party of Canada at the federal level. ", "The Canadian social credit movement is a Canadian political movement originally based on the Social Credit theory of Major C. H. Douglas. Its supporters were colloquially known as Socreds in English and créditistes in French. It gained popularity and its own political party in the 1930s, as a result of the Great Depression." ]

[ "social credit", "social credit party of canada" ]

[ "James E. \"Jay\" Bond was the 16th head football coach for the University of Kansas Jayhawks located in Lawrence, Kansas. He held that position for the 1918 season which was shortened due to an outbreak of influenza on campus. His overall coaching record at Kansas was 2 wins, 2 losses, and 0 ties. This ranks him 34th at Kansas in total wins and 18th by winning percentage.", "Phish is a band known for musical improvisation, extended jams, blending of genres, and a dedicated fan base. Originating at the University of Vermont in 1983 (with the current line-up solidifying in 1985), the band's four membersTrey Anastasio (guitars, lead vocals), Mike Gordon (bass, vocals), Jon Fishman (drums, percussion, vacuum, vocals), and Page McConnell (keyboards, vocals)performed together for nearly 20 years before going on hiatus from October 7, 2000 to December 31, 2002. They resumed touring from December 31, 2002 until August 15, 2004 when they announced that the Coventry Festival would be their last show. They reunited in March 2009 for a series of three consecutive concerts played in the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton, Virginia, and have since resumed performing regularly.", "Raisinhill ( formed 2001 ) is an American jazz / rock trio featuring John Kasiewicz ( guitar ) , Brian Anderson ( double bass ) and Jay Bond ( drums ) . Raisinhill are renowned for their vibrant style -- playing in rock venues to young crowds . They have achieved great commercial success and critical acclaim throughout the US and Canada . Their 2002 eponymous release started their breakthrough , being the only Raisinhill album to date ( though many live recordings are freely available ) .", "Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the state of Kansas and the county seat of Douglas County, Kansas. It is located in northeastern Kansas next to Interstate 70, along the banks of the Kansas and Wakarusa Rivers. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 87,643. Lawrence is a college town and is the home to the University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University.", "Jon Fishman (born February 19, 1965) is an American drummer best known for his work with the band Phish. He is credited with co-writing 19 Phish originals, 8 of them as a solo credit.", "John Kasiewicz is an American guitarist and composer, notable as a member of the jazz/rock trio Raisinhill and ambient/folktronic duo 5turns25. He has also recorded and toured with Phish drummer Jon Fishman as members of the hard rock band J. Willis Pratt & We're Bionic." ]

[ "august", "band", "bond", "campus", "city", "college", "county seat", "credit", "february", "festival", "football", "guitar", "head", "home", "line", "march", "member", "musical improvisation", "outbreak", "population", "rock", "rock band", "seat", "town", "trio", "work" ]

[ ", sometimes abbreviated as VC, is a specialized section of the Wii Shop Channel and Nintendo eShop online services that allows players to purchase and download retro games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home gaming consoles and the Nintendo 3DS portable gaming console. Reggie Fils-Aime has stated that a Virtual Console service will also be featured on Nintendo Switch.", "The Wii Shop Channel is an online shop for the Wii video game console that allows users to download Virtual Console games, WiiWare games, and additional channels. Downloading may require redeeming Wii Points. The channel launched with Wii on November 19, 2006. Available software is currently organized into three sections: Virtual Console, WiiWare, and Wii Channels.", "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. The Xbox 360 competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).", "The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.", "A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, and in the past was also known as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world. Many role-playing video games have origins in pen-and-paper role-playing games (Including \"Dungeons & Dragons\") and use much of the same , settings and game mechanics. Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion. The electronic medium removes the necessity for a gamemaster and increases combat resolution speed. RPGs have evolved from simple text-based console-window games into visually rich 3D experiences. Since the 1980s, Role-playing is the most commercially viable video game genre in Japan, and has more market share of any other genre in the japanese gaming industry, although in the 2010s first-person shooters and western iOS and Android games were becoming rapidly and increasingly popular in that country.", "Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.", "Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.", "The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo.\nThe best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform.", "Double Dungeons is a two - player role - playing video game developed by Masaya and published by NCS for the TurboGrafx - 16 in 1989 in Japan , and in 1990 in North America . It was released for the European Virtual Console on Nintendo 's Wii console on March 9 , 2007 , and on the North American Virtual Console March 12 , 2007 . It was also released in Japan for the Wii U on February 10 , 2015 . In the game , players select from 22 levels , earning gold and experience by killing enemies . The last level is not accessible until the player beats the others . This gold can be used to buy items and weapons at a shop , or rest at an inn , while the experience points help to raise the player 's level . The player ( s ) can not die , but are sent back to the start of the dungeon if they lose in battle . The two - player split - screen mode is co- op.", "The Sega Genesis, known as the in most regions outside North America, is a 16-bit home video game console which was developed and sold by Sega Enterprises, Ltd. The Genesis was Sega's third console and the successor to the Master System. Sega first released the console as the Mega Drive in Japan in 1988, followed by a North American debut under the Genesis moniker in 1989. In 1990, the console was distributed as the Mega Drive by Virgin Mastertronic in Europe, by Ozisoft in Australasia, and by Tec Toy in Brazil. In South Korea, the systems were distributed by Samsung and were known as the Super Gam*Boy, and later the Super Aladdin Boy.", "Japan (\"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", means \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. ", "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.", "The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.", "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES or SNES, and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the , or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy ( \"Syupeo Keomboi\") and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.", "Hudson Soft Co., Ltd, commonly known by its brand name Hudson, was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles, home computers and mobile phones, mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s. It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown, Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo.", "The TurboGrafx-16 Entertainment SuperSystem, known in Japan and France as the , is a home video game console jointly developed by Hudson Soft and NEC Home Electronics, released in Japan on October 30, 1987, in the United States on August 29, 1989, and in France on November 22, 1989. It was the first console released in the 16-bit era, albeit still utilizing an 8-bit CPU. Originally intended to compete with the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), it ended up competing with the Sega Genesis, and later on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES).", "A video game genre is a classification assigned to a video game based on its gameplay interaction rather than visual or narrative differences. A video game genre is defined by a set of gameplay challenges and are classified independent of their setting or game-world content, unlike other works of fiction such as films or books. For example, a shooter game is still a shooter game, regardless of whether it takes place in a fantasy world or in outer space." ]

[ "android", "europe", "france", "hudson soft", "japan", "mastertronic", "microsoft", "microsoft windows", "nec", "nintendo", "north america", "or books", "russia", "samsung", "sega", "sony", "sony computer entertainment", "super nintendo entertainment system", "taiwan", "wiiware" ]

[ "Genre (or ; from French \"genre\" , \"kind\" or \"sort\", from Latin \"genus\" (stem \"gener-\"), Greek , \"gés\") ", "The Birth of a Nation (originally called The Clansman) is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed and co-produced by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from the novel and play \"The Clansman\", both by Thomas Dixon Jr. Griffith co-wrote the screenplay (with Frank E. Woods), and co-produced the film (with Harry Aitken). It was released on February 8, 1915.", "Min and Bill is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy-drama film starring Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery and based on Lorna Moon's novel \"Dark Star\", adapted by Frances Marion and Marion Jackson. The film tells the story of dockside innkeeper Min's tribulations as she tries to protect the innocence of her adopted daughter Nancy, all while loving and fighting with boozy fisherman Bill, who resides at the inn.", "Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the city's historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1, 1683, as one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the East, Hudson, and Harlem rivers, and also includes several small adjacent islands and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood on the U.S. mainland.", "The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan, roughly located between the Bowery and the East River, and Canal Street and Houston Street. Traditionally an immigrant, working-class neighborhood, it began rapid gentrification in the mid-2000s, prompting The National Trust for Historic Preservation to place the neighborhood on their list of America's Most Endangered Places.", "White Heat is a 1949 film noir starring James Cagney, Virginia Mayo and Edmond O'Brien and featuring Margaret Wycherly and Steve Cochran. Directed by Raoul Walsh from an Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts screenplay, it is based on a story by Virginia Kellogg. Considered one of the classic gangster films, this film was added to the National Film Registry in 2003 as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress.", "A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.", "Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Since the 1920s, Harlem has been known as a major African-American residential, cultural and business center. Originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlem's history has been defined by a series of economic boom-and-bust cycles, with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle.", "Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American drama film adapted by Robert Benton from the novel by Avery Corman, and directed by Benton. The film tells the story of a couple's divorce and its impact on everyone involved, including the couple's young son. It received five Academy Awards at the 52nd Academy Awards in 1980, in the categories of Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Supporting Actress.", "Long John Silver is the main villain in the novel \"Treasure Island\" (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson. The most colourful and complex character in the book, he continues to appear in popular culture.", "Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 April 15, 1949) was an American film actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in \"Min and Bill\" opposite Marie Dressler, as Long John Silver in \"Treasure Island\", as Pancho Villa in \"Viva Villa!\", and his titular role in \"The Champ\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Beery appeared in some 250 movies during a 36-year career. His contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio, making him the highest paid actor in the world. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery Sr. and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr.", "Gentrification is a process of renovation and revival of deteriorated urban neighborhoods by means of influx of more affluent residents, which results in increased property values and the displacing of lower-income families and small businesses. This is a common and controversial topic in urban planning. Gentrification may be viewed as a \"correction\" of blockbusting and urban flight, as many gentrified neighborhoods of the present were once affluent neighborhoods of the past.", "John Cooper, Jr. (September 15, 1922 May 3, 2011), known as Jackie Cooper, was an American actor, television director, producer and executive. He was a child actor who managed to make the transition to an adult career. Cooper was the first child actor to receive an Academy Award nomination. At age nine, he was also the youngest performer to have been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Rolean honor that he received for the film \"Skippy\" (1931). For nearly 50 years, Cooper remained the youngest Oscar nominee in any category, until he was surpassed by Justin Henry's nomination, at age eight, in the Supporting Actor category for \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" (1979).", "A scream queen is an actress who has become associated with horror films, either through an appearance in a notable entry in the genre as a frequent victim or through constant appearances as the female protagonist. Jamie Lee Curtis is noted as a seminal example for her performances in the popular slasher films of the \"Halloween\" franchise. In recent years, the male counterpart has been labeled a scream king.", "James Francis Cagney, Jr. (July 17, 1899March 30, 1986) was an American actor and dancer, both on stage and in film, though he had his greatest impact in film. Known for his consistently energetic performances, distinctive vocal style, and deadpan comic timing, he won acclaim and major awards for a wide variety of performances. He is best remembered for playing multifaceted tough guys in movies such as \"The Public Enemy\" (1931), \"Taxi!\" (1932), \"Angels with Dirty Faces\" (1938), and \"White Heat\" (1949), and was typecast or limited by this view earlier in his career. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him eighth among its list of greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Orson Welles said of Cagney, \"[he was] maybe the greatest actor who ever appeared in front of a camera\", and Stanley Kubrick considered him to be one of the best actors of all time.", "The Bowery is a 1933 American pre-Code action film about the Lower East Side of Manhattan around the start of the 20th century directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Wallace Beery and George Raft . The supporting cast features Jackie Cooper , Fay Wray and Pert Kelton .", "Chatham Square is a major intersection in Chinatown, Manhattan, New York City. The square lies at the confluence of eight streets: the Bowery, Doyers Street, East Broadway, St. James Place, Mott Street, Oliver Street, Worth Street and Park Row. The small park in the center of the square is known as Kimlau Square and Lin Ze Xu Square.", "Worth Street is a two-way street in the Manhattan borough of New York City. It runs from Hudson Street, TriBeCa, in the west to Chatham Square in Chinatown at its eastern flank. Past Chatham Square, the roadway continues as Oliver Street, which runs one-way north- and westbound. Between West Broadway and Church Street, Worth Street is also known as Justice John M. Harlan Way in honor of the Supreme Court justice and alumnus of the nearby New York Law School. Between Centre and Baxter Streets, Worth Street is also known as the \"Avenue of the Strongest\", \"New York's Strongest\" being a nickname for the city's Department of Sanitation.", "Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American romantic comedy film set in 1929, directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon. The supporting cast includes George Raft, Pat O'Brien, Joe E. Brown, Joan Shawlee, and Nehemiah Persoff. The plot is based on a screenplay by Billy Wilder and Michael Logan from the French film \"Fanfare of Love\". The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed commit a crime inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. The film was produced in black and white, even though color films were increasing in popularity.", "The Honeymooners is an American sitcom, based on a recurring 195155 sketch of the same name. It originally aired on the DuMont network's Cavalcade of Stars, Jackie Gleason's variety show and subsequently on the CBS network's \"The Jackie Gleason Show\", which was filmed in front of a live audience. It debuted as a half-hour series on October 1, 1955. Although initially a ratings successbecoming the #2 show in the United States during its first seasonit faced stiff competition from \"The Perry Como Show\", and eventually dropped to #19, ending its production after only 39 episodes (now referred to as the \"Classic 39\"). The final episode of \"The Honeymooners\" aired on September 22, 1956. Creator/producer Jackie Gleason revived the series sporadically until 1978.\"The Honeymooners\" was one of the first U.S. television shows to portray working-class married couples in a gritty, non-idyllic manner (the show is set mostly in the Kramdens' kitchen, in a neglected Brooklyn apartment building). The program is also popular internationally, particularly in Canada, Poland and Scandinavian countries Norway and Sweden.", "A film genre (or ) is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film (namely, serious, comic, etc.). Most theories of film genre are borrowed from literary genre criticism. The basic genres include fiction and documentary, from which subgenres have emerged, such as docufiction and docudrama. Other subgenres include the courtroom and trial-focused drama known as the legal drama. Types of fiction which may seem unrelated can also be combined to form hybrid subgenres, such as the melding of horror and comedy in the \"Evil Dead\" films. Other popular combinations are the romantic comedy and the action comedy film.", "Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh. He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915) and for directing such films as \"The Big Trail\" (1930), starring John Wayne, \"High Sierra\" (1941), starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart; and \"White Heat\" (1949), starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. His directed his last film in 1964.", "Viva Villa! is a 1934 American Pre-Code film starring Wallace Beery as Pancho Villa and was written by Ben Hecht, adapted from the book \"Viva Villa!\". The film was shot on location in Mexico and directed by Jack Conway. There was uncredited assistance with the script by Howard Hawks, James Kevin McGuinness, and Howard Emmett Rogers. Hawks and William A. Wellman were also uncredited directors on the film.", "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (abbreviated as MGM or M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or Metro, and for a former interval known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, or MGM/UA) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.", "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.", "They Drive by Night is a 1940 film noir starring George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart, and directed by Raoul Walsh. The picture involves a pair of embattled truck drivers and was released in the UK under the title The Road to Frisco. The film was based on A. I. Bezzerides' 1938 novel \"Long Haul\", which was later reprinted under the title \"They Drive by Night\" to capitalize on the success of the film. Part of the film's plot (that of Ida Lupino's character murdering her husband by carbon monoxide poisoning) was borrowed from another Warner Bros. film, \"Bordertown\" (1935).", "Vina Fay Wray (September 15, 1907 August 8, 2004) was a Canadian/American actress most noted for playing the female lead in \"King Kong\". Through an acting career that spanned 57 years, Wray attained international renown as an actress in horror movie roles. She was one of the first \"scream queens\".", "John Herbert \"Jackie\" Gleason (February 26, 1916June 24, 1987) was an American comedian, actor, and musician who developed a style and characters in his career from growing up in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his brash visual and verbal comedy style, exemplified by his character Ralph Kramden in the television series \"The Honeymooners\". By filming the episodes with Electronicams, Gleason later could release the series in syndication, building its popularity over the years with new audiences. He also developed \"The Jackie Gleason Show,\" which maintained high ratings from the mid-1950s until its cancellation in 1970. After having originated in Hollywood, filming of the show moved to Miami, Florida, in 1964 after Gleason himself took up permanent residence there.", "Each Dawn I Die is a 1939 gangster film featuring James Cagney and George Raft in their only movie together as leads, although Raft had made an unbilled appearance in a 1932 Cagney vehicle called \"Taxi!\" in which he won a dance contest against Cagney, after which he and Cagney brawl. Raft also very briefly \"appeared\" in Cagney's boxing drama \"Winner Take All\" (1932), in a flashback sequence culled from Raft's 1929 film debut \"Queen of the Night Clubs\" starring Texas Guinan. The plotline of \"Each Dawn I Die\" involves a crusading reporter (Cagney) who is unjustly thrown in jail and befriends a famous gangster (Raft). George Bancroft portrays the warden. The movie was a box-office smash and remains a favorite among aficionados of Warner Bros. gangster movies. The film was based on the novel of the same name by Jerome Odlum.", "Marie Dressler (November 9, 1868  July 28, 1934) was a Canadian-American stage and screen actress, comedian and early silent film and Depression-era film star. Successful on stage in vaudeville and comic operas, she was also successful in film. In 1914, she was in the first full-length film comedy and later won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1931.", "John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 April 26, 1865) was an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. Booth was a member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland and, by the 1860s, was a well-known actor. He was also a Confederate sympathizer, vehement in his denunciation of Lincoln, and strongly opposed to the abolition of slavery in the United States.", "Justin Worthington Henry (born May 25, 1971) is an American former child actor. He appeared in the 1979 film \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" (his first role) in a performance that earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. As of 2016, he is the youngest actor to be nominated in any category, and the only actor ever nominated in the same decade as his or her birth. The performance later earned him a spot (No. 80) on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Kid Stars.", "The Bowery is a street and neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. The street runs from Chatham Square at Park Row, Worth Street, and Mott Street in the south to Cooper Square at 4th Street in the north, while the neighborhood's boundaries are roughly East 4th Street and the East Village to the north; Canal Street and Chinatown to the south; Allen Street and the Lower East Side to the east; and Little Italy to the west.", "Pert Kelton (October 14, 1907 October 29, 1968) was an American vaudeville, movie, radio and television actress. She was the first actress who played Alice Kramden in \"The Honeymooners\" with Jackie Gleason and was a prominent comedic supporting and leading film actress in the 1930s, including \"Bed of Roses\" and \"The Bowery\" in 1933. She performed in a dozen Broadway productions between 1925 and 1968. However, her career was interrupted during the 1950s as a result of blacklisting, leading to her departure from \"The Honeymooners\".", "Ida Lupino (4 February 1918 3 August 1995) was an Anglo-American actress and singer, who became a pioneering director and producerthe only woman working within the 1950s Hollywood studio system to do so. With her independent production company, she co-wrote and co-produced several of her own social-message films, and was the first woman to direct a film noir, \"The Hitch-Hiker\" in 1953. In her 48-year career, she made acting appearances in 59 films and directed eight others, mostly in the United States, where she became a citizen in 1948. The majority of her later career as an actress, writer, and director was in television, where she directed more than 100 episodes of productions ranging across Westerns, supernatural tales, situation comedies, murder mysteries, and gangster stories. She was the only woman to direct episodes of the original \"The Twilight Zone\" series, as well as the only director to have starred in the show.", "The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which is also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known as the \"Sound River\". The tidal strait changes its direction of flow frequently, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of , and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city, although that is no longer the case.", "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, which includes representatives from each of the craft branches.", "A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).", "George Walsh (March 16, 1889 June 13, 1981) was an American personality in the early decades of the 20th Century. An all-around athlete, who became an actor and later returned to sport, he enjoyed 40 years of notoriety and was a performer with dual appeal, with women loving his sexy charm and men appreciating his manly bravura. Known variously as \"the Laughing Athletic Thunderbolt,\" \"the Apollo of the Silver Sheet,\" \"the Screens Greatest Athlete\" and \"the King of Smiles,\" Walshs movie career stretched from the start of true US film-making to the Golden Era (20 years) during which time he was featured in approximately 80 productions. The studios he was attached to included: Mutual, Triangle, Fox, Universal, Goldwyn, United Artists, Chadwick, and Paramount.", "George Raft (born George Ranft; September 26, 1901 November 24, 1980) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s. A stylish leading man in dozens of movies, today Raft is mostly known for his gangster roles in the original \"Scarface\" (1932), \"Each Dawn I Die\" (1939), and Billy Wilder's 1959 comedy \"Some Like it Hot\", as a dancer in \"Bolero\" (1934), and a truck driver in \"They Drive by Night\" (1940).", "Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, close combat, physical feats, and frantic chases. Action films tend to feature a resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds, which include life-threatening situations, a villain, and/or a pursuit which generally concludes in victory for the hero.", "A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film." ]

[ "action comedy film", "action film", "animation", "art", "basic", "bolero", "book", "child", "combat", "comedian", "comedy", "comic", "computer animation", "crime", "culture", "design", "documentary", "drama", "drama film", "dramatic", "education", "epic", "family", "fashion", "film noir", "finance", "flight", "genre", "government", "history", "horror", "james", "law", "literary genre", "management", "march", "narrative", "novel", "optical illusion", "radio", "research", "romantic", "screenplay", "silent film", "sketch", "sport", "supernatural", "television", "traditional animation", "united states of america", "urban", "urban planning", "variety", "vaudeville" ]

[ "Anton Olmstead Myrer (November 3, 1922January 19, 1996) was a United States Marine Corps veteran and a best-selling author of American war novels that accurately and sensitively depict the lives of United States Army officers while in combat and in peace time. His 1968 novel, \"Once An Eagle\", written at the peak of the Vietnam War, is required reading for all Marines and is frequently used in leadership training at West Point. The novel, considered a classic of military literature and a guide to honorable conduct in the profession of arms, has been compared favorably to Leo Tolstoy's magnum opus \"War and Peace\". Ten years after publication, \"Once an Eagle\" was made into a television mini-series starring Sam Elliot. Glenn Ford played a supporting character.", "The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and known in Vietnam as Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies and the war is therefore considered a Cold War-era proxy war.", "War and Peace (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ) is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, which is regarded as a central work of world literature and one of Tolstoy's finest literary achievements.", "Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.", "Once An Eagle is a 1976 nine - hour American television mini-series directed by Richard Michaels and E.W. Swackhamer . The picture was written by Peter S. Fischer and based on the 1968 Anton Myrer novel of the same name . The first and last installments of the seven - part series were each two - hour broadcasts , while the interim episodes were 60 minutes . The mini-series concerns the thirty year careers of two military men , from the outbreak of World War I to the aftermath of World War II." ]

[ "english", "russian", "vietnamese" ]

[ "Peter Wilton Cushing, OBE (26 May 191311 August 1994) was an English actor and a BAFTA TV Award Best Actor winner in 1956. He is mainly known for his prolific appearances in Hammer Films, in which he played strong character roles like the sinister scientist Baron Frankenstein, Sherlock Holmes and the vampire hunter Dr. Van Helsing, among many other roles. He appeared frequently opposite Christopher Lee and, occasionally, Vincent Price. A familiar face on both sides of the Atlantic, Cushing is best known outside the Hammer productions for playing Dr. Who in \"Doctor Who and the Daleks\" (1965) and \"\" and his performance as Grand Moff Tarkin in \"Star Wars\" (1977). Cushing's likeness was extensively recreated using digital effects in \"\" (2016) which raised questions about the morality of using a deceased actor's likeness.", "The Man In The White Suit is a 1951 science-fiction satirical comedy film made by Ealing Studios. It starred Alec Guinness, Joan Greenwood and Cecil Parker and was directed by Alexander Mackendrick. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing (Screenplay) for Roger MacDougall, John Dighton and Alexander Mackendrick (who was a cousin of Roger MacDougall).", "The Uncanny is a 1977 British anthology horror film , concerning feline revenge . The film was written by Michael Parry , directed by Denis Héroux and stars Peter Cushing , Donald Pleasence , Ray Milland , Joan Greenwood , Donald Pilon , Samantha Eggar , and John Vernon . Although it is similar to the horror anthologies released by Amicus Productions and could be mistaken as one , it was actually distributed by The Rank Organisation . However the co-producer was Milton Subotsky of Amicus . In the UK the film was originally given an X-rating .", "Ray Milland (3 January 1907\n 10 March 1986) was a Welsh actor and director. His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985, and he is best remembered for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in \"The Lost Weekend\" (1945), a sophisticated leading man opposite a corrupt John Wayne in \"Reap the Wild Wind\" (1942), the murder-plotting husband in \"Dial M for Murder\" (1954), and as Oliver Barrett III in \"Love Story\" (1970).", "Reap the Wild Wind is a 1942 film starring Ray Milland, John Wayne, Paulette Goddard, Robert Preston, and Susan Hayward, and directed by Cecil B. DeMille, his second picture to be filmed in color. It is based on a serialized story written by Thelma Strabel in 1940 for \"The Saturday Evening Post\". The movie, released shortly after the United States' entry into World War II, was a swashbuckling adventure set in the 1840s along the Florida coast, and was wildly successful.", "Kind Hearts and Coronets is a British black comedy film of 1949 starring Dennis Price, Joan Greenwood, Valerie Hobson, and Alec Guinness. Guinness plays eight distinct characters. The plot is loosely based on the novel \"Israel Rank: The Autobiography of a Criminal\" (1907) by Roy Horniman, with the screenplay written by Robert Hamer and John Dighton and the film directed by Hamer. The title refers to a line in Tennyson's poem \"Lady Clara Vere de Vere\": \"Kind hearts are more than coronets, and simple faith than Norman blood.\"", "Joan Greenwood (4 March 1921 28 February 1987) was an English actress. Her husky voice, coupled with her slow, precise elocution, was her trademark. She is perhaps best remembered for her role as Sibella in \"Kind Hearts and Coronets\" (1949). Her other film appearances included \"The Man in the White Suit\" (1951), \"The Importance of Being Earnest\" (1952), \"Stage Struck\" (1958), \"Tom Jones\" (1963) and \"Little Dorrit\" (1987).", "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called \"The Doctor\", an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey. He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by a number of companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations and help people in need." ]

[ "black", "blue", "color", "white" ]

[ "Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or Macaroni Western (primarily in Japan), is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. The term was used by American critics and other countries because most of these Westerns were produced and directed by Italians.", "Abraham \"Bram\" Stoker (8 November 1847  20 April 1912) was an Irish author, best known today for his 1897 Gothic novel \"Dracula\". During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Henry Irving and business manager of the Lyceum Theatre in London, which Irving owned.", "Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and Mary Shelley, horror films have existed for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres.", "Giallo (plural \"gialli\") is a 20th-century Italian thriller or horror genre of literature and film, usually with mystery elements and often with slasher, crime fiction or, less frequently, supernatural horror elements. In Italy, the term simply denotes thrillers, typically of the crime fiction, mystery, and horror subgenres, regardless of the country of origin. In English-speaking countries, however, the term \"giallo\" is used to refer to a particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery film which often includes elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre). The genre began in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined over the next few decades (although some examples continue to be produced). It has been considered to be a predecessor to, and significant influence on, the later American slasher film genre.", "Killer Fish is a 1979 Italian - French - Brazilian horror film directed by Antonio Margheriti .", "A film genre (or ) is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film (namely, serious, comic, etc.). Most theories of film genre are borrowed from literary genre criticism. The basic genres include fiction and documentary, from which subgenres have emerged, such as docufiction and docudrama. Other subgenres include the courtroom and trial-focused drama known as the legal drama. Types of fiction which may seem unrelated can also be combined to form hybrid subgenres, such as the melding of horror and comedy in the \"Evil Dead\" films. Other popular combinations are the romantic comedy and the action comedy film.", "The supernatural (Medieval Latin: \"superntrlis\": \"supra\" \"above\" + \"naturalis\" \"natural\", first used: 15201530 AD) includes all that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other supernatural beings, or to things beyond nature.", "Antonio Margheriti (19 September 1930 4 November 2002), also known under the pseudonym Anthony M. Dawson, was an Italian filmmaker. Margheriti worked in many different genres in the Italian film industry, and was known for his sometimes derivative but often stylish and entertaining science fiction, sword and sandal, horror/giallo, Eurospy, spaghetti western, Vietnam War and action movies that were released to a wide international audience." ]

[ "basic", "english", "french", "irish", "italian", "medieval latin" ]

[ "Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: \"Pennsylvaani\"), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.", "Charles I (19 November 1600  30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.", "Stucco or render is a material made of aggregates, a binder, and water. Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is used as decorative coating for walls and ceilings and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture. Stucco may be used to cover less visually appealing construction materials such as metal, concrete, cinder block, or clay brick and adobe.", "Virginia (, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first colonial possession established in mainland British America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.3 million, which is slightly less than New York City.", "Maryland is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are \"Old Line State\", the \"Free State\", and the \"Chesapeake Bay State\". The state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. ", "Adobe is a building material made from earth and often organic material. Adobe means mudbrick in Spanish, but in some English speaking regions of Spanish heritage it refers to any kind of earth construction, as most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.", "Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as \"Washington\", \"the District\", or simply \"D.C.\", is the capital of the United States.", "The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean, and surrounded by the North American mainland to the west, and the Delmarva Peninsula to the east. It is the largest such body in the contiguous United States. The northern bay is within Maryland, the southern portion within Virginia, and is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bay's drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus all of the District of Columbia.", "Marble Head is a historic home located at Ridgely , Caroline County , Maryland , United States . It is a two - story , three - part stuccoed brick house that was apparently built in stages between 1803 and 1820 . It has nearly complete interior finishes dating to the early 19th century . Marble Head was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .", "West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast. West Virginia is the 41st largest by area, the 38th most populous, and has the second lowest household income of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "Henrietta Maria of France (25 November 1609 10 September 1669) was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. She was mother of his two immediate successors, Charles II and James II.", "Delaware is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic and/or Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, to the northeast by New Jersey, and to the north by Pennsylvania. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor." ]

[ "25", "area", "bay", "beach", "building", "city", "climate", "county", "district", "drainage basin", "economy", "england", "geography", "governor", "income", "lake", "monarch", "name", "november", "ocean", "peninsula", "population", "province", "queen", "queen consort", "region", "six", "state", "status", "subdivision", "three", "virginia" ]

[ "Francine Joy \"Fran\" Drescher (born September 30, 1957) is an American film and television comedian, model, actress, producer, ordained Universal Life Church minister, and activist. She is best known for her role as Fran Fine in the hit TV series \"The Nanny\" (199399), and for her nasal voice and thick New York accent.", "Debra Feuer is an American actress born in Las Vegas January 12 , 1959 . She starred in the movies Moment by Moment , The Hollywood Knights , To Live and Die in L.A. , MacGruder and Loud , and in the Italian movie Il burbero , feat Adriano Celentano as well as Homeboy , in which she starred with her then husband Mickey Rourke . Feuer played a minor role ( Becky Mae ) in the TV show , The Dukes of Hazzard , Season 2 , Episode 6 , The Ghost of General Lee . She also played Sonny Crockett 's love interest in the first two episodes of Season 5 of Miami Vice .", "Philip Andre Rourke Jr. (born September 16, 1952), known professionally as Mickey Rourke, is an American actor, screenwriter, and retired boxer, who has appeared primarily as a leading man in drama, action, and thriller films.", "Malibu is a beach city in Los Angeles County, California, situated west of Downtown Los Angeles. Known for its Mediterranean climate, a strip of the Malibu coast incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu. The area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645. Signs around the city proclaim \"27 miles of scenic beauty\", referring to the historical Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon west to Point Mugu in Ventura County.", "Tony Danza (born Antonio Salvatore Iadanza; April 21, 1951) is an American actor and former professional boxer. He is best known for starring on the TV series \"Taxi\" and \"Who's the Boss?\", for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award and four Golden Globe Awards. In 1998, Danza won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Performer in a New Television Series for his work on the 1997 sitcom \"The Tony Danza Show\" (not to be confused with his 20042006 daytime variety talk show of the same name).", "Leading man or leading gentleman is an informal term for the actor who is the protagonist or plays a love interest to the leading actress in a film or play. A leading man is sometimes an all-rounder; capable of singing, dancing, and acting at a professional level.", "Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 American drama film directed by John Badham and starring John Travolta as Tony Manero, a working-class young man who spends his weekends dancing and drinking at a local Brooklyn discothèque; Karen Lynn Gorney as Stephanie Mangano, his dance partner and eventual confidante; and Donna Pescow as Annette, Tony's former dance partner and would-be girlfriend. While in the disco, Tony is the champion dancer. His circle of friends and weekend dancing help him to cope with the harsh realities of his life: a dead-end job, clashes with his unsupportive and squabbling parents, racial tensions in the local community, and his general restlessness.", "Stuart Pankin (born April 8, 1946) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian who is best known for his comedy roles. He has frequently performed at St. Vincent Summer Theatre. On TV, he has played anchor Bob Charles on \"Not Necessarily the News\", Earl Sinclair on \"Dinosaurs\" and Orthodox Jew Ben Heineman in \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", as well as making many guest appearances and lending his voice to animated shows. Among his approximately three dozen films was \"Hollywood Knights\", and he starred in \"\" and its sequels, as Commander Plank. He also appeared in \"Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves\" and \"Arachnophobia\" and as Jimmy in \"Fatal Attraction\".", "Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress, singer and producer. She began her acting career in 1978 and had her first starring film role in \"Grease 2\" (1982), before receiving mainstream attention for her breakout performance in \"Scarface\" (1983). Her greatest commercial successes include \"Batman Returns\" (1992), \"Dangerous Minds\" (1995), \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000) and \"Hairspray\" (2007).", "Floyd Mutrux (born June 21, 1941) is an American stage and film director, writer, producer, and screenwriter.", "Adriano Celentano (born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer, composer, producer, comedian, actor, film director and TV host.", "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his successes include the TV programs \"Charlie's Angels\" (197681), \"The Love Boat\" (197786), \"Dynasty\" (198189), and \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" (19902000).", "Robert Colin Stigwood (16 April 1934 4 January 2016) was an Australian-born British-resident music entrepreneur, film producer and impresario, best known for managing Cream and the Bee Gees, theatrical productions like \"Hair\" and \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" and film productions including the hugely successful \"Grease\" and \"Saturday Night Fever\".", "Mary Jean \"Lily\" Tomlin (born September 1, 1939) is an American actress, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. Tomlin began her career as a stand-up comedian, and performing Off-Broadway during the 1960s. Her breakout role was performing as a cast member on the variety show \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" from 1969 until 1973. She currently stars on the Netflix series \"Grace and Frankie\" as Frankie Bergstein. Her performance as Frankie garnered her nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2015 and 2016.", "John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, producer, dancer, and singer. Travolta first became known in the 1970s, after appearing on the television series \"Welcome Back, Kotter\" (19751979) and starring in the box office successes \"Saturday Night Fever\" (1977) and \"Grease\" (1978). His acting career declined through the 1980s, but enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s with his role in \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994), and he has since starred in films such as \"Face/Off\" (1997), \"Swordfish\" (2001), \"Wild Hogs\", and \"Hairspray\" (both 2007).", "MacGruder and Loud is an American crime drama from Aaron Spelling Productions that aired on ABC in 1985.", "Robert Wuhl (born October 9, 1951) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He is perhaps best known as the creator and star of the television comedy series \"Arliss\" (19962002) and for his portrayal of newspaper reporter Alexander Knox in Tim Burton's \"Batman\" (1989).", "The Hollywood Knights is an 1980 American comedy film written and directed by Floyd Mutrux depicting the crass and mischievous antics and practical jokes of the remaining members of a 1950s-era car club turned social fraternity in and around Beverly Hills and Hollywood in 1965. The cast, led by Robert Wuhl as the fraternity's charismatic leader \"Newbomb Turk\", features Tony Danza and Michelle Pfeiffer as high school sweethearts as well as Fran Drescher and Stuart Pankin in supporting roles.", "Jane Wagner (born February 26, 1935) is an American writer, director and producer. Wagner is best known as Lily Tomlin's comedy writer, collaborator and wife.", "Moment by Moment is a 1978 American romantic drama film written and directed by Jane Wagner and starring Lily Tomlin and John Travolta. It was produced by Robert Stigwood and released by Universal Pictures on December 22, 1978. The film was shot in Malibu, California from April to July 1978 and also marked the end of Travolta's three-film contract with Stigwood, following \"Saturday Night Fever\" and \"Grease\"." ]

[ "activist", "actor", "actress", "comedian", "composer", "dancer", "director", "entertainment", "entrepreneur", "film producer", "leader", "member", "model", "performer", "producer", "reporter", "screenwriter", "singer", "television", "writer" ]

[ "The Podocarpaceae are a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. It contains 19 genera if \"Phyllocladus\" is included and if \"Manoao\" and \"Sundacarpus\" are recognized.", "In biogeography, a pantropical (\"across the tropics\") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of all continents. Examples include the plant genera \"Acacia\" and \"Bacopa\".", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant that has leaves throughout the year, always green. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season. There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:", "In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. In looser senses, the taller palms, the tree ferns, bananas and bamboos are also trees. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. The tallest known tree, a coast redwood named Hyperion, stands high. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world.", "Immoidea is a superfamily of pantropical moths containing only the family Immidae comprising ten genera with around 250 species , over half of them in the genus Imma . Many are brightly coloured and diurnal . The position of this group is currently uncertain within the group Obtectomera . The larvae feed on the leaves of dicotyledons and conifers including Podocarpus ( Dugdale et al . 1999 ) .", "Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Most lepidopterans are moths; and there are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which are yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.", "Imma is a large genus of moths in the obtectomeran \"micromoth\" family Immidae. This is the type genus of its family. They are widespread in the tropics, with most species occurring between the Himalayas and the Oceanian region; the genus is furthermore plentiful in the Neotropics, but not very diverse in the Afrotropics.", "Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.", "Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs, lianas and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australia, with the first species \"A. nilotica\" described by Linnaeus. Controversy erupted in the early 2000s when it became evident that the genus as it stood was not monophyletic, and that several divergent lineages needed to be placed in separate genera. It turned out that one lineage comprising over 900 species mainly native to Australia was not closely related to the mainly African lineage that contained \"A. nilotica\"the first and type species. This meant that the Australian lineage (by far the most prolific in number of species) would need to be renamed. Botanist Les Pedley named this group Racosperma, which was inconsistently adopted. Australian botanists proposed that this would be more disruptive than setting a different type species (\"A. penninervis\") and allowing this large number of species to remain \"Acacia\", resulting in the African lineage being renamed to \"Vachellia\". This was officially adopted, but many botanists from Africa and elsewhere disagreed that this was necessary.", "The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the equator. They are delimited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at  N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at  S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). The tropics include all the areas on the Earth where the Sun is at a point directly overhead at least once during the solar year (which is a subsolar point).", "Podocarpus is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, Podocarpaceae. \"Podocarpus\" are evergreen shrubs or trees, usually from 1 to 25 meters tall, known to reach 40 meters at times. The cones have two to five fused cone scales which form a fleshy, berry-like, brightly coloured receptacle at maturity. The fleshy cones attract birds which then eat the cones and disperse the seeds in their droppings. There are approximately 97 to 107 species in the genus depending on the circumscription of the species.", "Oceania (or ), also known as Oceanica, is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Southeast Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago.", "A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant. It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses, are often termed subshrubs.", "In everyday language, a berry is a small, pulpy and often edible fruit. Berries are usually juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries; and red- and blackcurrants. In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.\nThe scientific usage of the term \"berry\" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). The definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas. Fruits excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits. A plant bearing berries is said to be \"bacciferous\" or \"baccate\".\nWhile many berries are edible, some are poisonous to humans, such as deadly nightshade and pokeweed. Others, such as the white mulberry, red mulberry, and elderberry, are poisonous when unripe, but are edible when ripe.\nBerries are eaten worldwide and often used in jams, preserves, cakes or pies. Some berries are commercially important. The berry industry varies from country to country as do types of berries cultivated or growing in the wild. Some berries such as raspberries and strawberries have been bred for hundreds of years and are distinct from their wild counterparts, while other berries, such as lingonberries and cloudberries, grow almost exclusively in the wild.", "Bacopa is a genus of 70100 aquatic plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is commonly known as Waterhyssop (or Water Hyssop, though this is more misleading as \"Bacopa\" is not very closely related to hyssop but simply has a somewhat similar appearance)." ]

[ "acacia", "areas", "bacopa", "cancer", "fabaceae", "ferns", "imma", "immidae", "insects", "lepidoptera", "ostrich", "pea", "phyllocladus", "plant", "podocarpaceae", "podocarpus", "polynesia", "sundacarpus", "vachellia" ]

[ "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.", "Russia (from the Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.", "Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: \"Norgga\"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.", "Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.", "Fennoscandia , Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is the geographical peninsula of the Nordic region comprising the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula. It encompasses Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, much of the Republic of Karelia and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia. Its name comes from the Latin words \"Fennia\" (Finland) and \"Scandia\" (Scandinavian). The term was first used by the Finnish geologist Wilhelm Ramsay in 1898. Geologically, the area is distinct because its bedrock is Archaean granite and gneiss with very little limestone, in contrast to neighboring areas in Europe.", "Tallinn (or ) is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. From the 13th century until 1918 (and briefly during the Nazi occupation of Estonia from 1941 to 1944), the city was known as Reval. Tallinn occupies an area of and has a population of 443,894. Approximately 32% of Estonia's total population lives in Tallinn.", "Stockholm (or ) is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 932,917 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by a Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.", "Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's second and third laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction on that system.\nThe force applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular or normal to the surface is called thrust. Force, and thus thrust, is measured in the International System of Units (SI) as the newton (symbol: N), and represents the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 meter per second per second.", "Copterline Oy was Finland 's largest helicopter airline . In 2004 the company ferried over 75,000 passengers . On December 19 , 2008 , Copterline confirmed that it had ceased its scheduled service between Helsinki and Tallinn . On 15 February 2010 , Copterline filed for bankruptcy , citing inability to keep the company profitable . Its head office was located on the grounds of Helsinki - Malmi Airport in Helsinki . In 2011 , Line Support Oy , founded by mostly the same group as Copterline Oy , announced a resumption of service from September , operated by its Estonian subsidiary Copterline OÜ . On 9 September 2011 , the first commercial flights were undertaken .", "Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.", "A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward, and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) aircraft cannot perform.", "AirPort is the name given to a series of products by Apple Inc. using the (Wi-Fi) protocols (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac). These products comprise a number of wireless routers and wireless cards. The AirPort Extreme name was originally intended to signify the addition of the 802.11g protocol to these products.", "Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of , an urban population of 1,214,210, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and urban area in Finland. Helsinki is located some north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.", "Helsinki-Malmi Airport is an airport in the city of Helsinki, Finland, located in the district of Malmi, north north-east of the city centre. Until the opening of Helsinki Airport in 1952 it was the main airport of Helsinki and all Finland. Today, the airport is still actively used in general aviation and flight training. It still is the second busiest airport in Finland after Helsinki Airport, as measured by the number of landings.", "Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow." ]

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[ "An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series. These usually have a different cast each week, but several series in the past, such as \"Four Star Playhouse\", employed a permanent troupe of character actors who would appear in a different drama each week. Some anthology series, such as \"Studio One\", began on radio and then expanded to television.", "Escape was radio 's leading anthology series of high - adventure radio dramas , airing on CBS from July 7 , 1947 to September 25 , 1954 . Since the program did not have a regular sponsor like Suspense , it was subjected to frequent schedule shifts and lower production budgets , although Richfield Oil signed on as a sponsor for five months in 1950 . Despite these problems , Escape enthralled many listeners during its seven - year run . The series ' well - remembered opening combined Mussorgsky 's Night on Bald Mountain with this introduction , as intoned by Paul Frees and William Conrad : `` Tired of the everyday grind ? Ever dream of a life of romantic adventure ? Want to get away from it all ? We offer you ... Escape ! '' Following the opening theme , a second announcer ( usually Roy Rowan ) would add : `` Escape ! Designed to free you from the four walls of today for a half - hour of high adventure ! ''", "Four Star Playhouse is an American television anthology series that ran from 1952 to 1956. Four Star Playhouse was owned by Four Star International. Its episodes ranged anywhere from surreal mysteries, such as \"The Man on the Train,\" to light comedies, such as \"The Lost Silk Hat.\" The original premise was that Charles Boyer, Ida Lupino, David Niven, and Dick Powell would take turns starring in episodes. However, several other performers took the lead from time to time, including Ronald Colman and Joan Fontaine.", "An episode is a coherent narrative unit within a larger dramatic work such as a film or television series. An episode is to a sequence as a chapter is to a book. Most are from 20 to 40 minutes in length.", "Radio drama (or audio drama, audio play, radio play, radio theater, or audio theater) is a dramatized, purely acoustic performance, broadcast on radio. With no visual component, radio drama depends on dialogue, music and sound effects to help the listener imagine the characters and story: \"It is auditory in the physical dimension but equally powerful as a visual force in the psychological dimension.\"" ]

[ "anthology", "audio drama", "chapter", "drama", "episode", "film", "four", "hat", "narrative", "radio", "season", "sequence", "series", "set", "star", "television", "train", "work" ]

[ "Sudan (\"as-Sdn\", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan (\"Jumhriyyat as-Sdn\"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.", "Uganda (or ), officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.", "The African Great Lakes are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the world by area, and Lake Tanganyika, the world's second largest freshwater lake by volume and depth. Collectively, they contain 31,000 km (7400 cu mi) of water, which is more than either Lake Baikal or the North American Great Lakes, and constitutes about 25% of the planet's unfrozen surface fresh water.", "The Nile ( \"en-Nl\",  \"an-Nl\" \"P(h)iaro\"; Ancient Egyptian: \"'p\" and \"Iteru\"; Biblical Hebrew: , \"Ha-Ye'or\") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an \"international\" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.", "East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories constitute Eastern Africa:", "Lake Victoria (' in Luo; ' in Luganda; \"\" in Kinyarwanda and some Bantu languages) is one of the African Great Lakes. The lake was named after Queen Victoria by the explorer John Hanning Speke, the first Briton to document it. Speke accomplished this in 1858, while on an expedition with Richard Francis Burton to locate the source of the Nile River.", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo , also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, East Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named, and is sometimes still called Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 80 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world.", "Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.", "The Abayudaya (\"Abayudaya\" is Luganda for \"People of Judah\",) are a Baganda community in eastern Uganda near the town of Mbale who practice a form of Judaism. They are devout in their practice, keeping kashrut, and observing Shabbat. There are several different villages where the Abayudaya live. Most of these are recognized by the Reform and Conservative movements of Judaism. However, the villagers of Putti are still seeking an Orthodox conversion and practice strict Orthodox Rabbinic Judaism.", "Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , \"Yehudah\", \"Judah\"; in Hebrew: , \"Yahadut\", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.", "Yearning to Belong is a documentary about the Abayudaya Jews in Uganda and their struggle to be recognized by the international Jewish community ." ]

[ "14", "17", "1858", "1908", "1971", "1997", "20", "2007", "2011", "25", "4", "july 2014" ]

[ "Jan Breydel Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Sint-Andries, Bruges, Belgium. The city-owned stadium is the home stadium of two top-flight association football clubs, Club Brugge and Cercle Brugge. It is used mainly for football matches, which cost between €5 and €60/seat/match. The stadium was built in 1975. It currently has 29,042 seats. It is named after Jan Breydel, an instigator of the Bruges Matins, the insurgency that led to the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Prior to 1999 and the Euro 2000 Championship the stadium was known as Olympiastadion, the Olympic stadium in Dutch, and had 18,000 seats. During December 2015 the surface of the pitch it has been changed with an Hybrid Grass (a mix of natural and artificial grass) named Mixto Hybrid Grass Technology, a 100% Made in Italy product.", "Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging, commonly referred to as just Club Brugge, is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium. It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium, which has a capacity of 29,472.", "Gilbert Van Binst ( born 5 July 1951 in Machelen ) was a Belgian football player . He played for more than 10 seasons for R.S.C. Anderlecht . At the end of his career he played for Club Brugge KV . Van Binst also has 15 caps for Belgium ." ]

[ "association football", "football" ]

[ "Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT, Windows Embedded and Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product, unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile.", "The Mitsubishi Lancer is a compact car produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi since 1973. It has been marketed as the Colt Lancer, Dodge/Plymouth Colt, Chrysler Valiant Lancer, Chrysler Lancer, Eagle Summit, Hindustan Lancer, Soueast Lioncel, and Mitsubishi Mirage in various countries at different times, and has been sold as the Mitsubishi Galant Fortis in Japan since 2007. It has also been sold as Mitsubishi Lancer Fortis in Taiwan with a different facelift than the Galant Fortis. In Japan, it was sold at a specific retail chain called Car Plaza. The Lancer derives its name from the term given to a soldier of cavalry regiment armed with a lance, replacing the mid-range Mitsubishi Colt 1000.", "Amped 2 ( Tenku 2 in Japan ) is a sequel to Microsoft 's snowboarding game Amped , which was an Xbox launch title . The game was introduced as part of the XSN Sports lineup , which included such games as NFL Fever , Top Spin and Rallisport Challenge .", "RalliSport Challenge is a 2002 rally racing video game for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox. It allows a career with up to 29 cars including the Mitsubishi Lancer Evo 6 and the Suzuki Grand Vitara. Four race types that are included in the game are Rally, Hillclimb, Ice Racing, and Rallycross. A sequel, \"RalliSport Challenge 2\", was released in 2004 for the Xbox.", "RalliSport Challenge 2 is a 2004 rally racing video game, and the sequel to the 2002 \"RalliSport Challenge\". This game contains new features such as a cockpit cameras and ability to change car at the last moment. However, stats like total horsepower and number of gears have been eliminated from the car selection screen.", "The racing video game genre is the genre of video games, either in the first-person or third-person perspective, in which the player partakes in a racing competition with any type of land, air, or sea vehicles. They may be based on anything from real-world racing leagues to entirely fantastical settings. In general, they can be distributed along a spectrum anywhere between hardcore simulations, and simpler arcade racing games. Racing games may also fall under the category of sports games.", "Rallycross is a form of sprint style automobile racing, held on a closed mixed-surface racing circuit, with modified production or specially built road cars, similar to the World Rally Cars, although usually with about stronger engines, due to e.g. their 45 mm turbo restrictor plates. It is mainly popular in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Great Britain. An inexpensive, entry level type of rallycross is the Swedish \"folkrace\" or its Norwegian counterpart, the so-called \"bilcross\". The folkrace is most popular in Finland where it was founded back in late 60's. In Europe, rallycross can also refer to racing 1:8 scale off-road radio-controlled buggies." ]

[ "1", "architecture", "automobile", "cavalry regiment", "chain", "change", "four", "genre", "industry", "manufacturer", "may", "microsoft windows", "name", "perspective", "race", "racing", "radio", "rally", "range", "retail", "sector", "sequel", "style", "summit", "surface", "video game", "windows nt" ]

[ "David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in popular music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, releasing eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. ", "Adrienne La Russa ( born May 15 , 1948 ) is an American actress known for her role as Brooke Hamilton on Days of Our Lives , which she played from 1975 to 1977 . Her film career included roles in The Black Sheep ( 1968 ) , Psychout for Murder ( 1969 ) , Beatrice Cenci ( 1969 ) , Keep It in the Family ( 1973 ) , The Man Who Fell to Earth ( 1976 ) and Uncle Joe Shannon ( 1978 ) . She also made a few guest appearances on television in the late 70s and early 1980s and she had a supporting role in the 1978 miniseries Centennial . La Russa played Clemma Zendt , the tempestuous daughter of series protagonists Levi and Lucinda Zendt . She was married to Steven Seagal from 1984 to 1987 .", "The Man Who Fell to Earth is a 1976 British science fiction drama film directed by Nicolas Roeg and written by Paul Mayersberg, based on Walter Tevis' 1963 novel of the same name, about an extraterrestrial who crash lands on Earth seeking a way to ship water to his planet, which is suffering from a severe drought. The film maintains a strong cult following for its use of surreal imagery and its performances by David Bowie (in his first starring film role), Candy Clark, and Hollywood veteran Rip Torn. The same novel was later remade as a less successful 1987 television adaptation.", "Walter Stone Tevis (February 28, 1928 August 8, 1984) was an American novelist and short story writer. Three of his six novels were adapted into major films: \"The Hustler\", \"The Color of Money\" and \"The Man Who Fell to Earth\". His books have been translated into at least 18 languages.", "Nicolas Jack Roeg (born 15 August 1928) is an English film director and cinematographer.", "Candace June \"Candy\" Clark (born June 20, 1947) is an American film and television actress, well known for her role as Debbie Dunham in the film \"American Graffiti\" (1973), for which \nshe received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She reprised the role in the sequel \"More American Graffiti\" (1979).", "Elmore Rual Torn Jr. (born February 6, 1931), known within his family and professionally as Rip Torn, is an American actor, voice artist, and comedian." ]

[ "actor", "actress", "film director", "major", "novelist", "science", "short story writer", "singer", "songwriter", "television", "writer" ]

[ "Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life. The official name of the state was \"Deutsches Reich\" from 1933 to 1943 and \"Großdeutsches Reich\" (\"Greater German Reich\") from 1943 to 1945. The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period (abbreviated as \"NS-Zeit\"). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.", "Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.", "During World War II, the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.", "A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known.", "The Kriegsmarine (\"War Navy\") was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the \"Kaiserliche Marine\" (German Imperial Navy) of World War I and the inter-war \"Reichsmarine\". The \"Kriegsmarine\" was one of three official branchesalong with the \"Heer (Army)\" and the \"Luftwaffe (Air Force)\"of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany.", "The Wehrmacht (lit. \"defence force\") was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946. It consisted of the \"Heer\" (army), the \"Kriegsmarine\" (navy) and the \"Luftwaffe\" (air force). The designation \"Wehrmacht\" for Nazi Germany's military replaced the previously used term, \"Reichswehr\" (191935), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany's efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.", "A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based. It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; recent developments have included space-related operations. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of Submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.", "Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, born Melitta Schiller (9 January 1903 8 April 1945), was a German Aviator who served as a test pilot in the Luftwaffe before and during World War II.", "Hanna Reitsch (29 March 1912  24 August 1979) was Germany's most famous female aviator and test pilot, starting in the early 1930s. During the Nazi era she served as an international representative for the regime. In the 1960s she was sponsored by the West German foreign office as a technical adviser in Ghana and elsewhere.", "The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II. Germany's military air arms during the First World War, the \"Luftstreitkräfte\" of the Army and the \"Marine-Fliegerabteilung\" of the Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which stated that Germany was forbidden to have any air force.", "A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.", "The Holocaust (from the Greek ': \"hólos\", \"whole\" and \"kaustós\", \"burnt\"), also referred to as the Shoah\"' (Hebrew: , \"HaShoah\", \"the catastrophe\"), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The victims included 1.5 million children and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe. Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to about 11 million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany, German-occupied territories, and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany.", "The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.", "The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked a French attack in order to draw the southern German statesBaden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadtinto an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.", "The swastika (also known outside the Indian subcontinent as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion cross, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot, or tetraskelion) (as a character or ) is an ancient religious symbol originating from the Indian subcontinent, that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross with four legs each bent at 90 degrees. It is considered to be a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism and dates back at least 11,000 years. It continues to be commonly used as a religious symbol in religions native to the Indian subcontinent, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "In politics and military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and humantowards the support of a military force. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them, the style of government, and the popular support for the military objectives, such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society.", "World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.", "Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.", "The Iron Cross (abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (18711918) and Nazi Germany (19331945). It was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia in March 1813 backdated to the birthday of his late wife Queen Louise on 10 March 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars (EK 1813). Louise was the first person to receive this decoration (posthumous). The recommissioned Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-Prussian War (EK 1870), World War I (EK 1914), and World War II (EK 1939, re-introduced with a swastika added in the center).\nThe Iron Cross was normally a military decoration only, though there were instances of it being awarded to civilians for performing military functions. Two examples of this were civilian test pilots Hanna Reitsch who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class and 1st Class and Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class, for their actions as pilots during World War II.", "The Reichsmarine (\"Navy of the Realm\") was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the \"Reichswehr\", existing from 1919 to 1935. In 1935, it became known as the \"Kriegsmarine\", a branch of the Wehrmacht; a change implemented by Adolf Hitler.", "The German Empire (officially ') was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918, when Germany became a federal republic (the Weimar Republic).", "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of \"total war\", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.", "Rolf Thomsen ( 6 May 1915 -- 26 March 2003 ) was a Kapitänleutnant with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and later served with the Bundesmarine . He was also a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( German : Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub ) . The Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He sailed on U- 1202 sinking one ship of 7,176 tons on two patrols .", "Total war is warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs. The American-English Dictionary defines total war as \"war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.\"", "The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918 and included parts of present-day Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Denmark, Belgium and the Czech Republic. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, where its capital was Berlin.", "The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, primarily led and financed by the United Kingdom. The wars resulted from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars, which had raged on for years before concluding with the Treaty of Amiens in 1802. The resumption of hostilities the following year paved the way for more than a decade of constant warfare often categorized into five conflicts: the War of the Third Coalition (1805), the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-7), the War of the Fifth Coalition (1809), the War of the Sixth Coalition (1813), and the War of the Seventh Coalition (1815). The Napoleonic Wars had profound consequences for global and European history, leading to the spread of nationalism and liberalism, the rise of the British Empire as the world's premier power, the independence movements in Latin America and the collapse of the Spanish Empire, the fundamental reorganization of German and Italian territories into larger states, and the establishment of radically new methods in warfare. " ]

[ "alliance", "amiens", "bavaria", "berlin", "best", "czech republic", "darmstadt", "date", "fleet", "german", "german empire", "green", "hanna", "hiroshima", "ii", "independence", "industry", "king", "kingdom of prussia", "made", "march", "margraviate of brandenburg", "most", "naval", "nazi germany", "of", "quebec", "re", "republic", "russia", "swastika", "united kingdom", "versailles", "weimar" ]

[ "Pythagoras of Samos ( or simply ; in Ionian Greek) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and the putative founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and travelled, visiting Egypt and Greece, and maybe India. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, in Magna Graecia, and there established some kind of school or guild. In 520 BC, he returned to Samos.", "A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science. The term \"philosopher\" comes from the Ancient Greek (\"philosophos\") meaning \"lover of wisdom\". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BC).", "Philippe de Vitry (31 October 1291 9 June 1361) was a French composer, music theorist and poet. He was an accomplished, innovative, and influential composer, and may also have been the author of the \"Ars Nova\" treatise. He was widely acknowledged as the greatest musician of his day, with Petrarch writing a glowing tribute, calling him: \"... the keenest and most ardent seeker of truth, so great a philosopher of our age.\"", "Guillaume de Machaut (sometimes spelled Machault; c. 1300 April 1377) was a medieval French poet and composer. He is one of the earliest composers on whom significant biographical information is available. According to Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, Machaut was \"the last great poet who was also a composer\". Well into the 15th century, Machaut's poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer.", "A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his/her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.", "Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BC to the 6th century AD). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "Francesco degli Organi, Francesco il Cieco, or Francesco da Firenze, called by later generations Francesco Landini or Landino (c. 1325 or 1335 September 2, 1397) was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet and instrument maker. He was one of the most famous and revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, and by far the most famous composer in Italy.", "Philosophy (from Greek , \"philosophia\", literally \"love of wisdom\") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?", "Mathematics (from Greek \"máthma\", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.", "Ars nova (Latin for new art) refers to a musical style which flourished in France and the Burgundian Low Countries in the Late Middle Ages: more particularly, in the period between the preparation of the \"Roman de Fauvel\" (1310s) and the death of the composer Guillaume de Machaut in 1377. The term is sometimes used more generally to refer to all European polyphonic music of the 14th century. For instance, \"Italian ars nova\" is sometimes used to denote the music of Francesco Landini and his compatriots (although Trecento music is the more common term for music in Italy). The \"ars\" in \"ars nova\" can be read as \"technique\", or \"style\". The term was first used in two musical treatises, titled \"Ars novae musicae\" (New Technique of Music) (c. 1320) by Johannes de Muris, and a collection of writings (c. 1322) attributed to Philippe de Vitry often simply called \"Ars nova\" today. However, the term was only first used to describe an historical era by Johannes Wolf in 1904.", "The Roman de Fauvel is a 14th-century French allegorical verse romance of satirical bent, generally attributed to Gervais du Bus, a clerk at the French royal chancery. The original narrative of 3,280 octosyllabics is divided into two books, dated to 1310 and 1314 respectively. In 13167 Chaillou de Pesstain produced a greatly expanded version.", "Johannes de Muris ( c.1290 - c.1355 ) was a French philosopher , astronomer , mathematician , and music theorist best known for treatises on the ars nova , titled Ars nove musice . Life For a medieval person primarily known through his scholarly writing , it is highly unusual that Johannes de Muris '' life can be traced enough to form a decently consistent biography . Born in Normandy , he is believed to have been related to Julian des Murs who was secretary to Charles V of France . The suggested birth year for Muris is based on a murder of a cleric on September 7 , 1310 , which Muris was allegedly a part of . Muris would have been at least 14 to assume the responsibility for the crime , suggesting his birth year to be sometime in the 1290s . He was convicted and banished to Cyprus for seven years for punishment . The aloof and haphazard movements of his life have been blamed on this early punishment . By 1318 records indicate that Muris was living in Evreux although he was actively taking part in scholastic endeavors in Paris . An explicit of his writings indicate that he was a resident in the Collège de Sorbonne until around 1325 . During this time it is believed that he travelled freely , making trips to the town of Bernay to observe the solar eclipse of 1321 . However , the double monastery of Fontevrault ( Maine0et - Loire ) was where he settled in March 1326 . He remained associated with the institution until 1332 or 1333 when he returned to Evreux . Financial records in Muris '' own hand from 1336 indicate that he took up residence in Paris in that year . In 1342 he was one of six cannons of the collegiate church in Mézières - en - Brenne . In 1344 , he was invited to Avignon by Pope Clement VI to participate in the calendar reform . The final date associated to Muris is 1345 in conjunction with the reforms that took place in Avignon . Much of his writings were finished in the early decades of his life with a major gap in activity that can be filled with astronomical observations . Though his mathematical and astronomical writings -- his most comprehensive being Quadripartitum numerorum from 1343 -- were well regarded , influential , and transmitted in many manuscripts , his musical writings were more widely circulated . Muris wrote five treatises on music : Notitia artis musicae ( 1319 - 21 ) , Compendium musicae practicae ( c. 1322 ) , Musica speculativa secundum Boetium ( 1323 ) , Libellus cantus mensurabilis secundum Johannes de Muris ( c. 1340 ) , and Ars contrapuncti secundum Johannes de Muris ( post 1340 ) ( all dates are suggested dates by U. Michaels ) . Many of the surviving manuscripts of these treatises are from the 15th century and of Italian origin , suggesting his wide influence both geographical and temporal ." ]

[ "ancient greek", "french", "greek", "italian", "latin" ]

[ "The Confederate States, officially the Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway country of 11 secessionist slave states existing from 1861 to 1865. It was originally formed by seven slave states South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas in the Lower South region of the United States whose regional economy was mostly dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves.", "William Henry Gist (August 22, 1807 September 30, 1874) was the 68th Governor of South Carolina from 1858 to 1860 and a leader of the secession movement in South Carolina. He was one of the signers of the Ordinance of Secession on December 20, 1860, which effectively launched the Confederacy.", "The Ordinance of Secession was the document drafted and ratified in 1860 and 1861 by each of the southern states formally seceding from the United States of America. Each state ratified its own ordinance of secession, typically by means of a special convention delegation or by a general referendum. The seceded states formed the Confederate States of America.", "Merrick Ezra Carn ( 1808 -- 1862 ) was the 48th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from 1858 to 1860 serving under Governor William Henry Gist . Merrick signed the SC Ordinance of Secession in December 1860 at Charleston . Merrick was born in 1808 , the son of Thomas Carn and Strobel . He was therefore a grandson of Lewis J. Carn , a colonial planter . His uncles Daniel and Lewis Carn were known to be American patriots and Revolutionary War veterans according to the 1835 Pension Roll . Merrick went to South Carolina College ( USC ) and later studied law to become a SC lawyer . He held many positions of local and state government , from his home seat in Walterboro , Colleton Co. , SC . This included lawyer , attorney , planter , mayor , county and state rep , state senator , and finally as Lt. Governor . He also was presidential elector in the 1850s for the Democratic Party . He also was a member and deacon for the St Jude 's Anglican Church in Walterboro . He attended a conference before war broke out . Merrick married and had one daughter , Mary Carn , who married Fishburne and their son ( Merrick 's grandson ) was E. L. Fishburne , the SC State Supreme Court Justice . Merrick died in January 1862 and was described by his cousin David Gavin , Esq. , as being the most liberal minded of men . Merrick was a registered Southern Democrat . Carn Street in Walterboro city in named after him , and is nearby his historic home . The SC State Bill 2176 in 1979 -- 80 created his gravesite a state historical marker . He is buried at the Ashepoo River Bridge in Colleton County , SC .", "South Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean." ]

[ "american", "confederate states of america", "georgia", "united states of america" ]

[ "Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco has an area of and a population of about 37,800; it is the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world. Monaco has a land border of , a coastline of , and a width that varies between . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires \"Ward\", which is above sea level. Monaco's most populous \"Quartier\" is Monte Carlo and the most populous \"Ward\" is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. Through land reclamation, Monaco's land mass has expanded by twenty percent. Monaco is known as a playground for the rich and famous, due to its tax laws. In 2014, it was noted about 30% of the population was made up of millionaires, more than in Zürich or Geneva.", "Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "The Prix Femina is a French literary prize created in 1904 by 22 writers for the magazine \"La Vie heureuse\" (today known as \"Femina\"). The prize is decided each year by an exclusively female jury, although the authors awarded are not limited to women. The winner is announced on the first Wednesday of November each year.", "Didier Van Cauwelaert ( born July 29 , 1960 ) is a French author of Belgian descent who was born in Nice . In 1994 his novel Un Aller simple won the Prix Goncourt .", "The Prix Goncourt (, \"The Goncourt Prize\") is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of \"the best and most imaginative prose work of the year\". Four other prizes are also awarded: prix Goncourt du Premier Roman (first novel), prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle (short story), prix Goncourt de la Poésie (poetry) and prix Goncourt de la Biographie (biography). Of the \"big six\" French literary awards, the Prix Goncourt is the best known and most prestigious. The other major literary prizes are the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française, the Prix Femina, the Prix Renaudot, the Prix Interallié and the Prix Médicis.", "The Côte d'Azur (\"Coast of Azure\"), often known in English as the French Riviera, is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France, also including the sovereign state of Monaco. There is no official boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from the Italian border (Italian Riviera) in the east to Saint-Tropez, Hyères, Toulon, or Cassis in the west. ", "The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the FrenchItalian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres (just over 13,000 feet).", "The prix Interallié (Interallié Prize), also known simply as lInterallié, is an annual French literary award, awarded for a novel written by a journalist.", "French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in French language, by citizens of other nations such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, etc. is referred to as Francophone literature. As of 2006, French writers have been awarded more Nobel Prizes in Literature than novelists, poets and essayists of any other country. France itself ranks first in the list of Nobel Prizes in literature by country.", "The Société littéraire des Goncourt (Goncourt Literary Society), usually called the académie Goncourt (Goncourt Academy), is a French literary organization based in Paris. It was founded by the French writer and publisher Edmond de Goncourt (18221896). He wanted to create a new way to encourage literature in France, and disagreed with policies then of the Académie française.", "Le Grand Prix du Roman is a French literary award, created in 1918, and given each year by the Académie française. Along with the Prix Goncourt, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious literary awards in France. The Académie française gives out over 60 literary awards each year, the Grand Prix du roman is the most senior for an individual novel.", "The Prix Théophraste-Renaudot or Prix Renaudot is a French literary award which was created in 1926 by 10 art critics awaiting the results of the deliberation of the jury of the Prix Goncourt.", "Provence (Provençal: \"Provença\" in classical norm or \"Prouvènço\" in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It largely corresponds with the modern administrative \"région\" of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and includes the \"départements\" of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse. The largest city of the region is Marseille.", "France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.", "The Prix Médicis is a French literary award given each year in November. It was founded in 1958 by Gala Barbisan and Jean-Pierre Giraudoux. It is awarded to an author whose \"fame does not yet match his talent.\"" ]

[ "author", "bank", "canada", "commercial", "journalist", "literary", "mountain", "official", "saint", "sovereign", "writer" ]

[ "Maigret and the Headless Corpse ( French : Maigret et le corps sans tête ) is a detective novel by the Belgian writer Georges Simenon .", "Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (13 February 1903 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer. A prolific author who published nearly 500 novels and numerous short works, Simenon is best known as the creator of the fictional detective Jules Maigret.", "Jules Amedée François Maigret , simply Jules Maigret or Maigret to most people, including his wife, is a fictional French police detective, actually a \"commissaire\" or commissioner of the Paris \"Brigade Criminelle\" (Direction Régionale de Police Judiciaire de Paris), created by writer Georges Simenon." ]

[ "joseph", "jules maigret" ]

[ "\"Love, Day After Tomorrow\" is a song recorded by Japanese singer Mai Kuraki, taken as the lead single of her debut studio album \"Delicious Way\" (2000). It was released on December 8, 1999 via Giza Studio and Tent House in two physical editions; a CD single and 12\" vinyl. The track was written by Kuraki herself, while production was handled by Kanonji. The conception of the song started after the commercial failure of her English language single \"Baby I Like\", which led to her American label Bip! Records to send her back to Japan, and she subsequently reverted back to the Japanese market. ", ", born October 28, 1982 as , is a Japanese pop and R&B singer-songwriter and producer from Funabashi, Chiba. Kuraki debuted in 1999 with the single, \"Love, Day After Tomorrow\". In 2000, she released her debut album, \"Delicious Way\", which debuted at number-one and sold over 2,210,000 copies in its first week. Kuraki is one of a few female artists in Japan to have their first four studio albums to debut at top of the Oricon album chart.", ", established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan. It started as , which was founded by Sk Koike in November 1967 and became known for its music charts. Oricon Inc. was originally set up as a subsidiary of Original Confidence and took over the latters Oricon record charts in April 2002.", "Delicious Way is the debut album by Japanese recording artist Mai Kuraki. It was released by Giza Studio and Giza Inc. in Japan on June 28, 2000. The album was entirely co-written by Kuraki herself, with the help of Michael Africk and Yoko Blaqstone in selective tracks, whilst production was handled by Kanonji. The album's background and development started in mid-to-late 1999 after the failure of her American debut single \"Baby I Like\", where her distribution label at the time East West Records and Giza Studio sent her back to Japan. To promote the album, four singles were released; \"Love, Day After Tomorrow\", which sold over 1.3 million units in Japan, \"Stay by My Side\", \"Secret of My Heart\", and \"Never Gonna Give You Up\".", "`` Beautiful '' is Mai Kuraki 's thirty - second single , released on June 10 , 2009 . The single comes in two formats : limited CD + DVD edition and regular edition . It sold 29,446 copies in its first week and peaked at # 2 ." ]

[ "1982", "album", "east west records", "english", "giza studio", "japan", "label", "pop", "record" ]