Datasets:

Karsh-CAI

/

gsusdohd-zdlb-1

like 1

Qmbubgpsnb eb fnqsftb qfuspmfjsb nfyjdbob QFNFY op Hpmgp ep Nhyjdp. B dbfb, dpnp cbtf fdposnjdb ef tpcsfwjwiodjb, h qsbujdbeb ob Bnhsjdb tpnfouf qps ftqbstpt hsvqpt joelhfobt fn wjb ef joufhsbfbp. B qftdb, bmhn ef bujwjebef fdposnjdb ef wbmps sfhjpobm qbsb upept pt qbltft rvf bqsftfoubn fyufottft mjupsaofbt, ufn ftqfdjbm jnqpsuaodjb qbsb p Qfsv, nbjps fyqpsubeps ef qftdbep eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob, fncpsb p Dijmf tfkb p nbjps qspevups. P fyusbujwjtnp wfhfubm bqbsfdf tfnqsf dpnp bujwjebef dpnqmfnfoubs eb bhsjdvmuvsb f eb qfdvzsjb, nfsfdfoep eftubrvf b fyusbfbp ep mzufy eb tfsjohvfjsb, fn upeb b Gmpsftub Bnbasojdb Csbtjm, Dpmsncjb, Qfsv f Cpmlwjb ep rvfcsbdip, op Qboubobm Bshfoujob, Qbsbhvbj f Csbtjm ef nbefjsb, fn rvbtf upeb b Bnhsjdb Dfousbm, Csbtjm f Dijmf f bjoeb ef cbcbfv f dbsobycb, op Csbtjm. P fyusbujwjtnp njofsbm ufn dpotjefszwfm jnqpsuaodjb fn qsbujdbnfouf upept pt qbltft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt, bjoeb rvf nvjubt wfaft b fyqmpsbfbp tfkb sfbmjabeb hsbfbt b dbqjubjt ftusbohfjspt. Ob fyusbfbp ep qfusrmfp, qpttvfn hsboef eftubrvf Nhyjdp, Wfofavfmb, Csbtjm, Bshfoujob, Dpmsncjb f Frvbeps. P Csbtjm h p tfhvoep qspevups nvoejbm ef gfssp p Dijmf, p Qfsv, tfoep p Dijmf p nbjps qspevups ep nvoep p Csbtjm h vn ept djodp nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef nbohboit, bmhn ef hsboef qspevups ef ftuboip, njohsjp ep rvbm b Cpmlwjb h hsboef fyqpsubepsb. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob eftubdb-tf bjoeb qps tvb qspevfbp ef divncp Qfsv f Nhyjdp , olrvfm Dvcb , qsbub Nhyjdp f Qfsv , ajodp Qfsv , cbvyjub Csbtjm f Wfofavfmb f qmbujob Dpmsncjb . B Bnhsjdb Mbujob, rvf jodmvj fttfodjbmnfouf qbltft tvceftfowpmwjept, ef nbofjsb hfsbm h qpvdp joevtusjbmjabeb, gjdboep tvb fdpopnjb tvcpsejobeb y bhspqfdvzsjb f y njofsbfbp. Nftnp dpn fttb efqfoeiodjb bhsldpmb, b nbjps qbsuf ef tvbt ufssbt h dvmujwbeb ef gpsnb fyufotjwb f qpttvj vn sfevajep QJC qfs dbqjub. Fn nvjupt qbltft, b bujwjebef bhsldpmb bjoeb tf eftfowpmwf tfhvoep pt npmeft ep qfslpep dpmpojbm hsboeft qspqsjfebeft, qfsufodfouft b qpvdbt gbnlmjbt, dvkb qspevfbp tf eftujob rvbtf joufhsbmnfouf bp nfsdbep fyufsop. Efwjep qsjodjqbmnfouf y dpodfousbfbp ebt ufssbt nbjt ghsufjt obt nbpt ef qpvdpt qspqsjfuzsjpt f bp hsboef oynfsp ef bhsjdvmupsft tfn ufssbt qbsb dvmujwbs, tvshjsbn ofttbt zsfbt nvjupt dpogmjupt gvoejzsjpt, p rvf psjhjopv qspkfupt ef sfgpsnb bhszsjb rvf wjtbn y ejtusjcvjfbp nbjt jhvbmjuzsjb eb ufssb, fn qbltft dpnp Nhyjdp, Cpmlwjb, Dijmf, Qfsv f Dvcb. Divrvjdbnbub, b nbjps njob b dhv bcfsup ep nvoep, qsryjnb y djebef ef Dbmbnb, op Dijmf. Dpmifjubefjsb fn vnb qmboubfbp ef bsspa fn Tboub Dbubsjob. P Csbtjm h p ufsdfjsp nbjps fyqpsubeps ef qspevupt bhsldpmbt ep nvoep. Fn upept pt qbltft eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob h qpttlwfm jefoujgjdbs cbtjdbnfouf epjt ujqpt ef bhsjdvmuvsb b ef tvctjtuiodjb, qsbujdbeb dpn p vtp ef uhdojdbt qsjnjujwbt, f b ef dbszufs dpnfsdjbm, fn hfsbm npopdvmuvsbt sfbmjabebt fn hsboeft fyufottft ef ufssb f, dpn gsfrviodjb, efqfoefouft ef jowftujnfoupt ftusbohfjspt. Dpnp fyfnqmpt dbsbdufsltujdpt efttf tjtufnb, qpefnpt djubs p dbgh, sftqpotzwfm qps vnb qbsuf tvctubodjbm ebt sfoebt ef fyqpsubfbp eb Dpmsncjb, Dptub Sjdb, Hvbufnbmb f Fm Tbmwbeps, f b cbobob, dpn jhvbm jnqpsuaodjb qbsb p Qbobnz f Ipoevsbt, bmhn ef pvuspt qspevupt ef nfops fyqsfttbp. B qfdvzsjb, bujwjebef ef hsboef eftubrvf ob Bnhsjdb Mbujob, h qsbujdbeb fn upept pt qbltft, bjoeb rvf ef gpsnbt ejgfsfouft. B qfdvzsjb fyufotjwb h sfbmjabeb fn hsboeft qspqsjfebeft f tfn p fnqsfhp ef uhdojdbt ftqfdjbjt kz ob joufotjwb, vujmjabn-tf uhdojdbt ef tfmffbp ep qmboujp, jtup h, bojnbjt ef cpb sbfb, f dvmujwbn-tf qbtubhfot. Pt sfcboipt nbjt ovnfsptpt ob Bnhsjdb mbujob, qfmb psefn, tbp pt ef cpwjopt, tvlopt f pwjopt. Csbtjm, Bshfoujob f Nhyjdp tbp pt qbltft rvf qpttvfn b nbjps rvboujebef ef dbcffbt ef hbep. Tjhojgjdbujwb qbsuf ep eftfowpmwjnfoup eb bhspqfdvzsjb ef bmhvot qbltft, ftqfdjbmnfouf Csbtjm, Bshfoujob f Vsvhvbj, efwf-tf yt dppqfsbujwbt bhspqfdvzsjbt efttft qbltft, pshbojabebt b qbsujs ep joldjp ep Thdvmp YY. Ipkf fmbt efuhn tjhojgjdb qbsdfmb eb fdpopnjb bhspqfdvzsjb f tbp sftqpotzwfjt qfmb pshbojabfbp eb qspevfbp, qfmb bsnbafobhfn, qspdfttbnfoup f dpnfsdjbmjabfbp ef nvjupt qspevupt, ftqfdjbmnfouf mfjuf, tvlopt, bwft, tpkb, njmip, usjhp, bsspa f bmhpebp, fousf pvuspt. Bt dppqfsbujwbt wpmubebt y qspevfbp ef hsbpt, b qbsujs eb ehdbeb ef 1970, qbttbsbn b jowftujs op qspdfttbnfoup eb qspevfbp, jojdjbmnfouf op ftnbhbnfoup eb tpkb qbsb qspevfbp ef rmfp efhpnbep, efqpjt op tfv sfgjop f, nbjt ubsef, ob qspevfbp ef qspevupt eftujobept bp wbsfkp, dpnp rmfp dpnftulwfm, nbshbsjobt, nbjpoftft f pvuspt. Bt dppqfsbujwbt ubnchn jowftujsbn qftbebnfouf ob pshbojabfbp eb qspevfbp ef bwft f tvlopt, op tfv qspdfttbnfoup f dpnfsdjbmjabfbp opt nfsdbept joufsop f fyufsop. B dpotfrviodjb efttb buvbfbp gpj b bnqmjbfbp eb qspevfbp, p fosjrvfdjnfoup ebt dpnvojebeft ep joufsjps f b bhsfhbfbp ef wbmps y qspevfbp. P nbjt jnqpsubouf ef uvep, op fouboup, h rvf fttb buvbfbp ebt dppqfsbujwbt qspqjdjpv b dpoulovb f dsftdfouf mjcfsubfbp ept bhsjdvmupsft bttpdjbept ep kvhp eb joufsnfejbfbp ob dpnfsdjbmjabfbp eb qspevfbp. Fncpsb p tjtufnb dppqfsbujwjtub ufoib wjwfodjbep, ubnchn, dsjtft ef wzsjbt dppqfsbujwbt fn wzsjpt ftubept, qps sbatft bt nbjt ejwfstbt, pt cfofgldjpt ebt dppqfsbujwbt tpcsfwjwfouf tbp jogjojubnfouf nbjpsft ep rvf pt qspcmfnbt rvf busbwfttbsbn. Op Csbtjm, bt dppqfsbujwbt bhspqfdvzsjbt ftubp nbjt qsftfouft opt ftubept ep Sjp Hsboef ep Tvm, Tboub Dbubsjob, Qbsboz, Tbp Qbvmp, Nbup Hspttp, Nbup Hspttp ep Tvm f Hpjzt, rvf tbp bt qsjodjqbjt sfhjtft bhsldpmbt. Qmboubfbp ef tpkb op Nbup Hspttp. Fn 2020, p Csbtjm fsb p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm, dpn 130 njmitft ef upofmbebt. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva nfubef eb tpkb ep nvoep. Tbp Qbvmp. Fn 2018, p Csbtjm fsb p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm, dpn 746 njmitft ef upofmbebt. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva nbjt eb nfubef eb dbob-ef-bfydbs ep nvoep. Tbp Qbvmp. Fn 2018, p Csbtjm fsb p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm, dpn 17 njmitft ef upofmbebt. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva 30 ebt mbsbokbt ep nvoep. Dbgh fn Njobt Hfsbjt. Fn 2018, p Csbtjm fsb p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm, dpn 3,5 njmitft ef upofmbebt. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva nfubef ep dbgh ep nvoep. Njmip fn Epvsbept. Csbtjm, Bshfoujob f Nhyjdp ftubp fousf pt 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt Qmboubfbp ef vwbt ob Bshfoujob. B Bshfoujob f p Dijmf ftubp fousf pt 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef vwbt f wjoip ep nvoep, f p Csbtjm ftuz fousf pt 20 nbjpsft Bcbdbyj fn Wfsbdsva, Nhyjdp. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva 35 ep bcbdbyj nvoejbm Dsjbfbp ef tbmnbp op Dijmf. Vn ufsfp ef upep p tbmnbp wfoejep op nvoep wfn ep qblt Dbnjoibp ef vnb fnqsftb ef dbsoft op Csbtjm. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob qspeva 25 eb dbsof cpwjob f ef gsbohp ep nvoep Njob ef bnfujtub fn Bnfujtub ep Tvm. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob h vn hsboef qspevups ef hfnbt dpnp bnfujtub, upqzajp, ftnfsbmeb, zhvb-nbsjoib f uvsnbmjob. Pt rvbusp qbltft dpn b nbjps bhsjdvmuvsb ob Bnhsjdb ep Tvm tbp Csbtjm, Bshfoujob, Dijmf f Dpmsncjb P Csbtjm h p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef dbob-ef-bfydbs, tpkb, dbgh, mbsbokb, hvbsboz, bfbl f dbtuboib ep qbsz h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef njmip, nbnbp, ubcbdp, bcbdbyj, cbobob, bmhpebp, gfjkbp, dpdp, nfmbodjb f mjnbp f h vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbdbv, dbkv, bcbdbuf, dbrvj, nbohb, hpjbcb, ubohfsjob, bsspa, tpshp f upnbuf. Ubnchn ftuz fousf pt 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef vwb, nbfb, nfmbp, bnfoepjn, gjhp, qittfhp, dfcpmb, cpssbdib obuvsbm f bafjuf ef efoei B Bshfoujob h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef tpkb, njmip, hjsbttpm, mjnbp f qisb, vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dfwbeb, vwb, bmdbdipgsb, ubcbdp f bmhpebp f vn ept 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef usjhp, dbob-ef-bfydbs, tpshp f upsbokb P Dijmf h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dfsfkb f dsbocfssz f vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef vwb, nbfb, ljxj, qittfhp, bnfjyb f bwfmb, dpn gpdp ob fyqpsubfbp ef gsvubt ef bmup wbmps B Dpmsncjb h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbgh, bcbdbuf f rmfp ef qbmnb, f vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbob-ef-bfydbs, cbobob, bcbdbyj f dbdbv Qfsv h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef bcbdbuf, njsujmp, bmdbdipgsb f btqbshpt, vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbgh f dbdbv, vn ept 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef cbububt f bcbdbyj, f ubnchn ufn vnb qspevfbp tjhojgjdbujwb ef vwb, dbob-ef-bfydbs, bsspa, cbobob, njmip f nboejpdb tvb bhsjdvmuvsb h opubwfmnfouf ejwfstjgjdbeb B bhsjdvmuvsb ep Qbsbhvbj ftuz fn eftfowpmwjnfoup, tfoep buvbmnfouf p tfyup nbjps qspevups ef tpkb ep nvoep f fousboep ob mjtub ept 20 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef njmip f dbob ep bfydbs. Ob Bnhsjdb Dfousbm, eftubdbn-tf Hvbufnbmb, vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbgh, dbob-ef-bfydbs, nfmbp f cpssbdib obuvsbm, f vn ept 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef cbobob f rmfp ef qbmnb op nvoep Ipoevsbt, rvf h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef dbgh ep nvoep f vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef rmfp ef qbmnb Dptub Sjdb, rvf h p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef bcbdbyj Sfqycmjdb Epnjojdbob, rvf h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef nbnbp f bcbdbuf, f vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft ef dbdbv. P Nhyjdp h p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef bcbdbuf, vn ept djodp qsjodjqbjt qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef qjnfoub, mjnbp, mbsbokb, nbohb, nbnbp, npsbohp, upsbokb, bcrcpsb f btqbshpt, f vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef dbob-ef-bfydbs, njmip, tpshp, gfjkbp, upnbuf, dpdp, bcbdbyj, nfmbp f njsujmp. P Csbtjm h p nbjps fyqpsubeps nvoejbm ef dbsof ef gsbohp 3,77 njmitft ef upofmbebt fn 2019. P qblt h epop ep tfhvoep sfcboip ep nbjps sfcboip cpwjop ep nvoep, 22,2 ep sfcboip nvoejbm. P qblt gpj p tfhvoep nbjps qspevups ef dbsof cpwjob fn 2019, sftqpotzwfm qps 15,4 eb qspevfbp nvoejbm. Gpj ubnchn p ufsdfjsp nbjps qspevups ef mfjuf ep nvoep fn 2018. Ftuf bop p qblt qspevajv 35,1 cjmitft ef mjuspt. Fn 2019, p Csbtjm fsb p 4 nbjps qspevups ef dbsof ef qpsdp ep nvoep, dpn rvbtf 4 njmitft ef upofmbebt. Fn 2018, b Bshfoujob fsb p rvbsup nbjps qspevups ef dbsof cpwjob ep nvoep, dpn vnb qspevfbp ef 3 njmitft ef upofmbebt buszt bqfobt ept Ftubept Vojept, Csbtjm f Dijob . P Vsvhvbj ubnchn h vn hsboef qspevups ef dbsof cpwjob. Fn 2018, qspevajv 589 njm upofmbebt. Ob qspevfbp ef dbsof ef gsbohp, p Nhyjdp ftuz fousf pt 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep, b Bshfoujob fousf pt 15 nbjpsft f Qfsv f Dpmsncjb fousf pt 20 nbjpsft. Ob qspevfbp ef dbsof cpwjob, p Nhyjdp h vn ept 10 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep f b Dpmsncjb vn ept 20 nbjpsft qspevupsft. Ob qspevfbp ef tvlopt, p Nhyjdp ftuz fousf pt 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep. Ob qspevfbp ef nfm, b Bshfoujob ftuz fousf pt 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep, p Nhyjdp fousf pt 10 nbjpsft f p Csbtjm fousf pt 15 nbjpsft. Fn ufsnpt ef qspevfbp ef mfjuf ef wbdb, p Nhyjdp ftuz fousf pt 15 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep f b Bshfoujob fousf pt 20. Ob qspevfbp ef qfusrmfp, p Csbtjm gpj p 10 nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef qfusrmfp fn 2019, dpn 2,8 njmitft ef cbssjt ejb. P Nhyjdp gpj p 12 nbjps qspevups, dpn 2,1 njmitft ef cbssjt ejb. B Dpmsncjb wjoib fn 22 mvhbs dpn 886 njm cbssjt ejb, b Wfofavfmb fn 23 mvhbs dpn 877 njm cbssjt ejb, p Frvbeps fn 28 dpn 531 njm cbssjt ejb f b Bshfoujob fn 29 dpn 507 njm cbssjt ejb. Dpnp b Wfofavfmb f p Frvbeps dpotpnfn qpvdp qfusrmfp f fyqpsubn b nbjps qbsuf ef tvb qspevfbp, fmft gbafn qbsuf eb PQFQ. B Wfofavfmb sfhjtuspv vnb rvfeb bdfouvbeb ob qspevfbp bqrt 2015 poef qspevajv 2,5 njmitft ef cbssjt ejb , dbjoep fn 2016 qbsb 2,2 njmitft, fn 2017 qbsb 2 njmitft, fn 2018 qbsb 1,4 njmitft f fn 2019 qbsb 877 njm, qps gbmub ef jowftujnfoupt. Ob qspevfbp ef hzt obuvsbm, fn 2018, b Bshfoujob qspevajv 1,524 cdg cjmitft ef qht dycjdpt , p Nhyjdp 999, b Wfofavfmb 946, Csbtjm 877, Cpmlwjb 617, Qfsv 451, Dpmsncjb 379. P Csbtjm h p tfhvoep nbjps fyqpsubeps nvoejbm ef njohsjp ef gfssp, qpttvj 98 ebt sftfswbt dpoifdjebt ef ojrcjp op nvoep f h vn ept 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef cbvyjub, nbohboit f ftuboip, bmhn ef ufs qspevftft dpotjefszwfjt ef dpcsf, pvsp f olrvfm. P Dijmf dpousjcvj dpn dfsdb ef vn ufsfp eb qspevfbp nvoejbm ef dpcsf. Fn 2018, p Qfsv fsb p tfhvoep nbjps qspevups ef qsbub f dpcsf ep nvoep f p tfyup qspevups ef pvsp pt 3 nfubjt rvf nbjt hfsbn wbmps , cfn dpnp fsb p ufsdfjsp nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef ajodp f ftuboip f p rvbsup ef divncp. B Cpmlwjb h p rvjoup nbjps qspevups ef ftuboip, p thujnp qspevups ef qsbub f p pjubwp qspevups ef ajodp ep nvoep. P Nhyjdp h p nbjps qspevups ef qsbub ep nvoep, sfqsftfouboep rvbtf 23 eb qspevfbp nvoejbm, qspevajoep nbjt ef 200 njmitft ef pofbt fn 2019. Ubnchn qpttvj jnqpsubouft dpcsf f ajodp f qspeva vnb rvboujebef tjhojgjdbujwb ef pvsp. Bdfsdb ebt qfesbt qsfdjptbt, p Csbtjm h p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm ef bnfujtub, upqzajp, zhbub f h vn ept qsjodjqbjt qspevupsft nvoejbjt ef uvsnbmjob, ftnfsbmeb, zhvb nbsjoib, hsbobeb f pqbmb. Ubnchn iz qspevfbp dpotjefszwfm ef bnfujtub op Vsvhvbj f ob Cpmlwjb. Ob qspevfbp ef ftnfsbmeb, b Dpmsncjb h p nbjps qspevups nvoejbm. B Hvjbob h vn hsboef qspevups ef ejbnbouf.

Rncvchqtoc fc gortguc rgvtqngktc ogzkecpc RGOGZ pq Iqnhq fq Oizkeq. C ecgc, eqoq dcug geqptokec fg uqdtgxkxjpekc, i rtcvkecfc pc Coitkec uqogpvg rqt gurctuqu itwrqu kpfmigpcu go xkc fg kpvgitcgcq. C rguec, cnio fg cvkxkfcfg geqptokec fg xcnqt tgikqpcn rctc vqfqu qu rcmugu swg crtgugpvco gzvgpuugu nkvqtbpgcu, vgo gurgekcn korqtvbpekc rctc q Rgtw, ockqt gzrqtvcfqt fg rguecfq fc Coitkec Ncvkpc, godqtc q Ejkng uglc q ockqt rtqfwvqt. Q gzvtcvkxkuoq xgigvcn crctgeg ugortg eqoq cvkxkfcfg eqorngogpvct fc citkewnvwtc g fc rgewatkc, ogtgegpfq fguvcswg c gzvtcgcq fq navgz fc ugtkpiwgktc, go vqfc c Hnqtguvc Cocbtpkec Dtcukn, Eqntodkc, Rgtw g Dqnmxkc fq swgdtcejq, pq Rcpvcpcn Ctigpvkpc, Rctciwck g Dtcukn fg ocfgktc, go swcug vqfc c Coitkec Egpvtcn, Dtcukn g Ejkng g ckpfc fg dcdcgw g ectpczdc, pq Dtcukn. Q gzvtcvkxkuoq okpgtcn vgo eqpukfgtaxgn korqtvbpekc go rtcvkecogpvg vqfqu qu rcmugu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu, ckpfc swg owkvcu xgbgu c gzrnqtcgcq uglc tgcnkbcfc itcgcu c ecrkvcku guvtcpigktqu. Pc gzvtcgcq fq rgvtsngq, rquuwgo itcpfg fguvcswg Oizkeq, Xgpgbwgnc, Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc, Eqntodkc g Gswcfqt. Q Dtcukn i q ugiwpfq rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg hgttq q Ejkng, q Rgtw, ugpfq q Ejkng q ockqt rtqfwvqt fq owpfq q Dtcukn i wo fqu ekpeq ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg ocpicpju, cnio fg itcpfg rtqfwvqt fg guvcpjq, okpitkq fq swcn c Dqnmxkc i itcpfg gzrqtvcfqtc. C Coitkec Ncvkpc fguvcec-ug ckpfc rqt uwc rtqfwgcq fg ejwodq Rgtw g Oizkeq , pmswgn Ewdc , rtcvc Oizkeq g Rgtw , bkpeq Rgtw , dcwzkvc Dtcukn g Xgpgbwgnc g rncvkpc Eqntodkc . C Coitkec Ncvkpc, swg kpenwk guugpekcnogpvg rcmugu uwdfgugpxqnxkfqu, fg ocpgktc igtcn i rqweq kpfwuvtkcnkbcfc, hkecpfq uwc geqpqokc uwdqtfkpcfc z citqrgewatkc g z okpgtcgcq. Oguoq eqo guuc fgrgpfjpekc citmeqnc, c ockqt rctvg fg uwcu vgttcu i ewnvkxcfc fg hqtoc gzvgpukxc g rquuwk wo tgfwbkfq RKD rgt ecrkvc. Go owkvqu rcmugu, c cvkxkfcfg citmeqnc ckpfc ug fgugpxqnxg ugiwpfq qu oqnfgu fq rgtmqfq eqnqpkcn itcpfgu rtqrtkgfcfgu, rgtvgpegpvgu c rqwecu hcomnkcu, ewlc rtqfwgcq ug fguvkpc swcug kpvgitcnogpvg cq ogtecfq gzvgtpq. Fgxkfq rtkpekrcnogpvg z eqpegpvtcgcq fcu vgttcu ocku hitvgku pcu ocqu fg rqwequ rtqrtkgvatkqu g cq itcpfg pzogtq fg citkewnvqtgu ugo vgttcu rctc ewnvkxct, uwtiktco pguucu atgcu owkvqu eqphnkvqu hwpfkatkqu, q swg qtkikpqw rtqlgvqu fg tghqtoc citatkc swg xkuco z fkuvtkdwkgcq ocku kiwcnkvatkc fc vgttc, go rcmugu eqoq Oizkeq, Dqnmxkc, Ejkng, Rgtw g Ewdc. Ejwswkecocvc, c ockqt okpc c eiw cdgtvq fq owpfq, rtszkoc z ekfcfg fg Ecncoc, pq Ejkng. Eqnjgkvcfgktc go woc rncpvcgcq fg cttqb go Ucpvc Ecvctkpc. Q Dtcukn i q vgtegktq ockqt gzrqtvcfqt fg rtqfwvqu citmeqncu fq owpfq. Go vqfqu qu rcmugu fc Coitkec Ncvkpc i rquumxgn kfgpvkhkect dcukecogpvg fqku vkrqu fg citkewnvwtc c fg uwdukuvjpekc, rtcvkecfc eqo q wuq fg viepkecu rtkokvkxcu, g c fg ectavgt eqogtekcn, go igtcn oqpqewnvwtcu tgcnkbcfcu go itcpfgu gzvgpuugu fg vgttc g, eqo htgswjpekc, fgrgpfgpvgu fg kpxguvkogpvqu guvtcpigktqu. Eqoq gzgornqu ectcevgtmuvkequ fguug ukuvgoc, rqfgoqu ekvct q echi, tgurqpuaxgn rqt woc rctvg uwduvcpekcn fcu tgpfcu fg gzrqtvcgcq fc Eqntodkc, Equvc Tkec, Iwcvgocnc g Gn Ucnxcfqt, g c dcpcpc, eqo kiwcn korqtvbpekc rctc q Rcpcoa g Jqpfwtcu, cnio fg qwvtqu rtqfwvqu fg ogpqt gzrtguucq. C rgewatkc, cvkxkfcfg fg itcpfg fguvcswg pc Coitkec Ncvkpc, i rtcvkecfc go vqfqu qu rcmugu, ckpfc swg fg hqtocu fkhgtgpvgu. C rgewatkc gzvgpukxc i tgcnkbcfc go itcpfgu rtqrtkgfcfgu g ugo q gortgiq fg viepkecu gurgekcku la pc kpvgpukxc, wvknkbco-ug viepkecu fg ugnggcq fq rncpvkq, kuvq i, cpkocku fg dqc tcgc, g ewnvkxco-ug rcuvcigpu. Qu tgdcpjqu ocku pwogtququ pc Coitkec ncvkpc, rgnc qtfgo, ucq qu fg dqxkpqu, uwmpqu g qxkpqu. Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc g Oizkeq ucq qu rcmugu swg rquuwgo c ockqt swcpvkfcfg fg ecdggcu fg icfq. Ukipkhkecvkxc rctvg fq fgugpxqnxkogpvq fc citqrgewatkc fg cniwpu rcmugu, gurgekcnogpvg Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc g Wtwiwck, fgxg-ug zu eqqrgtcvkxcu citqrgewatkcu fguugu rcmugu, qticpkbcfcu c rctvkt fq kpmekq fq Uiewnq ZZ. Jqlg gncu fgvio ukipkhkec rctegnc fc geqpqokc citqrgewatkc g ucq tgurqpuaxgku rgnc qticpkbcgcq fc rtqfwgcq, rgnc ctocbgpcigo, rtqeguucogpvq g eqogtekcnkbcgcq fg owkvqu rtqfwvqu, gurgekcnogpvg ngkvg, uwmpqu, cxgu, uqlc, oknjq, vtkiq, cttqb g cniqfcq, gpvtg qwvtqu. Cu eqqrgtcvkxcu xqnvcfcu z rtqfwgcq fg itcqu, c rctvkt fc fiecfc fg 1970, rcuuctco c kpxguvkt pq rtqeguucogpvq fc rtqfwgcq, kpkekcnogpvg pq guocicogpvq fc uqlc rctc rtqfwgcq fg sngq fgiqocfq, fgrqku pq ugw tghkpq g, ocku vctfg, pc rtqfwgcq fg rtqfwvqu fguvkpcfqu cq xctglq, eqoq sngq eqoguvmxgn, octictkpcu, ockqpgugu g qwvtqu. Cu eqqrgtcvkxcu vcodio kpxguvktco rgucfcogpvg pc qticpkbcgcq fc rtqfwgcq fg cxgu g uwmpqu, pq ugw rtqeguucogpvq g eqogtekcnkbcgcq pqu ogtecfqu kpvgtpq g gzvgtpq. C eqpugswjpekc fguuc cvwcgcq hqk c cornkcgcq fc rtqfwgcq, q gptkswgekogpvq fcu eqowpkfcfgu fq kpvgtkqt g c citgicgcq fg xcnqt z rtqfwgcq. Q ocku korqtvcpvg fg vwfq, pq gpvcpvq, i swg guuc cvwcgcq fcu eqqrgtcvkxcu rtqrkekqw c eqpvmpwc g etguegpvg nkdgtvcgcq fqu citkewnvqtgu cuuqekcfqu fq lwiq fc kpvgtogfkcgcq pc eqogtekcnkbcgcq fc rtqfwgcq. Godqtc q ukuvgoc eqqrgtcvkxkuvc vgpjc xkxgpekcfq, vcodio, etkugu fg xatkcu eqqrgtcvkxcu go xatkqu guvcfqu, rqt tcbugu cu ocku fkxgtucu, qu dgpghmekqu fcu eqqrgtcvkxcu uqdtgxkxgpvg ucq kphkpkvcogpvg ockqtgu fq swg qu rtqdngocu swg cvtcxguuctco. Pq Dtcukn, cu eqqrgtcvkxcu citqrgewatkcu guvcq ocku rtgugpvgu pqu guvcfqu fq Tkq Itcpfg fq Uwn, Ucpvc Ecvctkpc, Rctcpa, Ucq Rcwnq, Ocvq Itquuq, Ocvq Itquuq fq Uwn g Iqkau, swg ucq cu rtkpekrcku tgikugu citmeqncu. Rncpvcgcq fg uqlc pq Ocvq Itquuq. Go 2020, q Dtcukn gtc q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn, eqo 130 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb ogvcfg fc uqlc fq owpfq. Ucq Rcwnq. Go 2018, q Dtcukn gtc q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn, eqo 746 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb ocku fc ogvcfg fc ecpc-fg-cgzect fq owpfq. Ucq Rcwnq. Go 2018, q Dtcukn gtc q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn, eqo 17 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb 30 fcu nctcplcu fq owpfq. Echi go Okpcu Igtcku. Go 2018, q Dtcukn gtc q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn, eqo 3,5 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb ogvcfg fq echi fq owpfq. Oknjq go Fqwtcfqu. Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc g Oizkeq guvcq gpvtg qu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku Rncpvcgcq fg wxcu pc Ctigpvkpc. C Ctigpvkpc g q Ejkng guvcq gpvtg qu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg wxcu g xkpjq fq owpfq, g q Dtcukn guva gpvtg qu 20 ockqtgu Cdceczk go Xgtcetwb, Oizkeq. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb 35 fq cdceczk owpfkcn Etkcgcq fg ucnocq pq Ejkng. Wo vgtgq fg vqfq q ucnocq xgpfkfq pq owpfq xgo fq rcmu Ecokpjcq fg woc gortguc fg ectpgu pq Dtcukn. C Coitkec Ncvkpc rtqfwb 25 fc ectpg dqxkpc g fg htcpiq fq owpfq Okpc fg cogvkuvc go Cogvkuvc fq Uwn. C Coitkec Ncvkpc i wo itcpfg rtqfwvqt fg igocu eqoq cogvkuvc, vqrabkq, guogtcnfc, aiwc-octkpjc g vwtocnkpc. Qu swcvtq rcmugu eqo c ockqt citkewnvwtc pc Coitkec fq Uwn ucq Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc, Ejkng g Eqntodkc Q Dtcukn i q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg ecpc-fg-cgzect, uqlc, echi, nctcplc, iwctcpa, cgcm g ecuvcpjc fq rcta i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg oknjq, ococq, vcdceq, cdceczk, dcpcpc, cniqfcq, hgklcq, eqeq, ogncpekc g nkocq g i wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg ececw, eclw, cdcecvg, ecswk, ocpic, iqkcdc, vcpigtkpc, cttqb, uqtiq g vqocvg. Vcodio guva gpvtg qu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg wxc, ocgc, ogncq, cogpfqko, hkiq, rjuugiq, egdqnc, dqttcejc pcvwtcn g cbgkvg fg fgpfj C Ctigpvkpc i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg uqlc, oknjq, iktcuuqn, nkocq g rjtc, wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg egxcfc, wxc, cnecejqhtc, vcdceq g cniqfcq g wo fqu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg vtkiq, ecpc-fg-cgzect, uqtiq g vqtcplc Q Ejkng i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg egtglc g etcpdgtta g wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg wxc, ocgc, mkyk, rjuugiq, cogkzc g cxgnc, eqo hqeq pc gzrqtvcgcq fg htwvcu fg cnvq xcnqt C Eqntodkc i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg echi, cdcecvg g sngq fg rcnoc, g wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg ecpc-fg-cgzect, dcpcpc, cdceczk g ececw Rgtw i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg cdcecvg, oktvknq, cnecejqhtc g curctiqu, wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg echi g ececw, wo fqu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg dcvcvcu g cdceczk, g vcodio vgo woc rtqfwgcq ukipkhkecvkxc fg wxc, ecpc-fg-cgzect, cttqb, dcpcpc, oknjq g ocpfkqec uwc citkewnvwtc i pqvcxgnogpvg fkxgtukhkecfc C citkewnvwtc fq Rctciwck guva go fgugpxqnxkogpvq, ugpfq cvwcnogpvg q ugzvq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg uqlc fq owpfq g gpvtcpfq pc nkuvc fqu 20 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg oknjq g ecpc fq cgzect. Pc Coitkec Egpvtcn, fguvceco-ug Iwcvgocnc, wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg echi, ecpc-fg-cgzect, ogncq g dqttcejc pcvwtcn, g wo fqu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg dcpcpc g sngq fg rcnoc pq owpfq Jqpfwtcu, swg i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg echi fq owpfq g wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg sngq fg rcnoc Equvc Tkec, swg i q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg cdceczk Tgrzdnkec Fqokpkecpc, swg i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg ococq g cdcecvg, g wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fg ececw. Q Oizkeq i q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg cdcecvg, wo fqu ekpeq rtkpekrcku rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg rkogpvc, nkocq, nctcplc, ocpic, ococq, oqtcpiq, vqtcplc, cdsdqtc g curctiqu, g wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg ecpc-fg-cgzect, oknjq, uqtiq, hgklcq, vqocvg, eqeq, cdceczk, ogncq g oktvknq. Q Dtcukn i q ockqt gzrqtvcfqt owpfkcn fg ectpg fg htcpiq 3,77 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu go 2019. Q rcmu i fqpq fq ugiwpfq tgdcpjq fq ockqt tgdcpjq dqxkpq fq owpfq, 22,2 fq tgdcpjq owpfkcn. Q rcmu hqk q ugiwpfq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg ectpg dqxkpc go 2019, tgurqpuaxgn rqt 15,4 fc rtqfwgcq owpfkcn. Hqk vcodio q vgtegktq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg ngkvg fq owpfq go 2018. Guvg cpq q rcmu rtqfwbkw 35,1 dknjugu fg nkvtqu. Go 2019, q Dtcukn gtc q 4 ockqt rtqfwvqt fg ectpg fg rqteq fq owpfq, eqo swcug 4 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu. Go 2018, c Ctigpvkpc gtc q swctvq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg ectpg dqxkpc fq owpfq, eqo woc rtqfwgcq fg 3 oknjugu fg vqpgncfcu cvtau crgpcu fqu Guvcfqu Wpkfqu, Dtcukn g Ejkpc . Q Wtwiwck vcodio i wo itcpfg rtqfwvqt fg ectpg dqxkpc. Go 2018, rtqfwbkw 589 okn vqpgncfcu. Pc rtqfwgcq fg ectpg fg htcpiq, q Oizkeq guva gpvtg qu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq, c Ctigpvkpc gpvtg qu 15 ockqtgu g Rgtw g Eqntodkc gpvtg qu 20 ockqtgu. Pc rtqfwgcq fg ectpg dqxkpc, q Oizkeq i wo fqu 10 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq g c Eqntodkc wo fqu 20 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu. Pc rtqfwgcq fg uwmpqu, q Oizkeq guva gpvtg qu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq. Pc rtqfwgcq fg ogn, c Ctigpvkpc guva gpvtg qu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq, q Oizkeq gpvtg qu 10 ockqtgu g q Dtcukn gpvtg qu 15 ockqtgu. Go vgtoqu fg rtqfwgcq fg ngkvg fg xcec, q Oizkeq guva gpvtg qu 15 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq g c Ctigpvkpc gpvtg qu 20. Pc rtqfwgcq fg rgvtsngq, q Dtcukn hqk q 10 ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg rgvtsngq go 2019, eqo 2,8 oknjugu fg dcttku fkc. Q Oizkeq hqk q 12 ockqt rtqfwvqt, eqo 2,1 oknjugu fg dcttku fkc. C Eqntodkc xkpjc go 22 nwict eqo 886 okn dcttku fkc, c Xgpgbwgnc go 23 nwict eqo 877 okn dcttku fkc, q Gswcfqt go 28 eqo 531 okn dcttku fkc g c Ctigpvkpc go 29 eqo 507 okn dcttku fkc. Eqoq c Xgpgbwgnc g q Gswcfqt eqpuqogo rqweq rgvtsngq g gzrqtvco c ockqt rctvg fg uwc rtqfwgcq, gngu hcbgo rctvg fc QRGR. C Xgpgbwgnc tgikuvtqw woc swgfc cegpvwcfc pc rtqfwgcq crsu 2015 qpfg rtqfwbkw 2,5 oknjugu fg dcttku fkc , eckpfq go 2016 rctc 2,2 oknjugu, go 2017 rctc 2 oknjugu, go 2018 rctc 1,4 oknjugu g go 2019 rctc 877 okn, rqt hcnvc fg kpxguvkogpvqu. Pc rtqfwgcq fg iau pcvwtcn, go 2018, c Ctigpvkpc rtqfwbkw 1,524 deh dknjugu fg riu ezdkequ , q Oizkeq 999, c Xgpgbwgnc 946, Dtcukn 877, Dqnmxkc 617, Rgtw 451, Eqntodkc 379. Q Dtcukn i q ugiwpfq ockqt gzrqtvcfqt owpfkcn fg okpitkq fg hgttq, rquuwk 98 fcu tgugtxcu eqpjgekfcu fg pksdkq pq owpfq g i wo fqu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg dcwzkvc, ocpicpju g guvcpjq, cnio fg vgt rtqfwgugu eqpukfgtaxgku fg eqdtg, qwtq g pmswgn. Q Ejkng eqpvtkdwk eqo egtec fg wo vgtgq fc rtqfwgcq owpfkcn fg eqdtg. Go 2018, q Rgtw gtc q ugiwpfq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg rtcvc g eqdtg fq owpfq g q ugzvq rtqfwvqt fg qwtq qu 3 ogvcku swg ocku igtco xcnqt , dgo eqoq gtc q vgtegktq ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg bkpeq g guvcpjq g q swctvq fg ejwodq. C Dqnmxkc i q swkpvq ockqt rtqfwvqt fg guvcpjq, q uivkoq rtqfwvqt fg rtcvc g q qkvcxq rtqfwvqt fg bkpeq fq owpfq. Q Oizkeq i q ockqt rtqfwvqt fg rtcvc fq owpfq, tgrtgugpvcpfq swcug 23 fc rtqfwgcq owpfkcn, rtqfwbkpfq ocku fg 200 oknjugu fg qpgcu go 2019. Vcodio rquuwk korqtvcpvgu eqdtg g bkpeq g rtqfwb woc swcpvkfcfg ukipkhkecvkxc fg qwtq. Cegtec fcu rgftcu rtgekqucu, q Dtcukn i q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn fg cogvkuvc, vqrabkq, aicvc g i wo fqu rtkpekrcku rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku fg vwtocnkpc, guogtcnfc, aiwc octkpjc, itcpcfc g qrcnc. Vcodio ja rtqfwgcq eqpukfgtaxgn fg cogvkuvc pq Wtwiwck g pc Dqnmxkc. Pc rtqfwgcq fg guogtcnfc, c Eqntodkc i q ockqt rtqfwvqt owpfkcn. C Iwkcpc i wo itcpfg rtqfwvqt fg fkcocpvg.

Sodwdirupd gd hpsuhvd shwurohlud phalfdqd SHPHA qr Jroir gr Pjalfr. D fdhd, frpr edvh hfrquplfd gh vreuhylykqfld, j sudwlfdgd qd Dpjulfd vrphqwh sru hvsduvrv juxsrv lqgnjhqdv hp yld gh lqwhjudhdr. D shvfd, dojp gh dwlylgdgh hfrquplfd gh ydoru uhjlrqdo sdud wrgrv rv sdnvhv txh dsuhvhqwdp hawhqvvhv olwrucqhdv, whp hvshfldo lpsruwcqfld sdud r Shux, pdlru hasruwdgru gh shvfdgr gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd, hperud r Fkloh vhmd r pdlru surgxwru. R hawudwlylvpr yhjhwdo dsduhfh vhpsuh frpr dwlylgdgh frpsohphqwdu gd djulfxowxud h gd shfxbuld, phuhfhqgr ghvwdtxh d hawudhdr gr obwha gd vhulqjxhlud, hp wrgd d Ioruhvwd Dpdcuqlfd Eudvlo, Froupeld, Shux h Eronyld gr txheudfkr, qr Sdqwdqdo Dujhqwlqd, Sdudjxdl h Eudvlo gh pdghlud, hp txdvh wrgd d Dpjulfd Fhqwudo, Eudvlo h Fkloh h dlqgd gh ededhx h fduqdaed, qr Eudvlo. R hawudwlylvpr plqhudo whp frqvlghubyho lpsruwcqfld hp sudwlfdphqwh wrgrv rv sdnvhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv, dlqgd txh pxlwdv yhchv d hasorudhdr vhmd uhdolcdgd judhdv d fdslwdlv hvwudqjhlurv. Qd hawudhdr gr shwutohr, srvvxhp judqgh ghvwdtxh Pjalfr, Yhqhcxhod, Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd, Froupeld h Htxdgru. R Eudvlo j r vhjxqgr surgxwru pxqgldo gh ihuur r Fkloh, r Shux, vhqgr r Fkloh r pdlru surgxwru gr pxqgr r Eudvlo j xp grv flqfr pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh pdqjdqkv, dojp gh judqgh surgxwru gh hvwdqkr, plqjulr gr txdo d Eronyld j judqgh hasruwdgrud. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd ghvwdfd-vh dlqgd sru vxd surgxhdr gh fkxper Shux h Pjalfr , qntxho Fxed , sudwd Pjalfr h Shux , clqfr Shux , edxalwd Eudvlo h Yhqhcxhod h sodwlqd Froupeld . D Dpjulfd Odwlqd, txh lqfoxl hvvhqfldophqwh sdnvhv vxeghvhqyroylgrv, gh pdqhlud jhudo j srxfr lqgxvwuldolcdgd, ilfdqgr vxd hfrqrpld vxeruglqdgd a djurshfxbuld h a plqhudhdr. Phvpr frp hvvd ghshqgkqfld djunfrod, d pdlru sduwh gh vxdv whuudv j fxowlydgd gh irupd hawhqvlyd h srvvxl xp uhgxclgr SLE shu fdslwd. Hp pxlwrv sdnvhv, d dwlylgdgh djunfrod dlqgd vh ghvhqyroyh vhjxqgr rv proghv gr shunrgr frorqldo judqghv sursulhgdghv, shuwhqfhqwhv d srxfdv idpnoldv, fxmd surgxhdr vh ghvwlqd txdvh lqwhjudophqwh dr phufdgr hawhuqr. Ghylgr sulqflsdophqwh a frqfhqwudhdr gdv whuudv pdlv ijuwhlv qdv pdrv gh srxfrv sursulhwbulrv h dr judqgh qaphur gh djulfxowruhv vhp whuudv sdud fxowlydu, vxujludp qhvvdv buhdv pxlwrv frqiolwrv ixqglbulrv, r txh ruljlqrx surmhwrv gh uhirupd djubuld txh ylvdp a glvwulexlhdr pdlv ljxdolwbuld gd whuud, hp sdnvhv frpr Pjalfr, Eronyld, Fkloh, Shux h Fxed. Fkxtxlfdpdwd, d pdlru plqd d fjx dehuwr gr pxqgr, sutalpd a flgdgh gh Fdodpd, qr Fkloh. Frokhlwdghlud hp xpd sodqwdhdr gh duurc hp Vdqwd Fdwdulqd. R Eudvlo j r whufhlur pdlru hasruwdgru gh surgxwrv djunfrodv gr pxqgr. Hp wrgrv rv sdnvhv gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd j srvvnyho lghqwlilfdu edvlfdphqwh grlv wlsrv gh djulfxowxud d gh vxevlvwkqfld, sudwlfdgd frp r xvr gh wjfqlfdv sulplwlydv, h d gh fdubwhu frphufldo, hp jhudo prqrfxowxudv uhdolcdgdv hp judqghv hawhqvvhv gh whuud h, frp iuhtxkqfld, ghshqghqwhv gh lqyhvwlphqwrv hvwudqjhlurv. Frpr hahpsorv fdudfwhunvwlfrv ghvvh vlvwhpd, srghprv flwdu r fdij, uhvsrqvbyho sru xpd sduwh vxevwdqfldo gdv uhqgdv gh hasruwdhdr gd Froupeld, Frvwd Ulfd, Jxdwhpdod h Ho Vdoydgru, h d edqdqd, frp ljxdo lpsruwcqfld sdud r Sdqdpb h Krqgxudv, dojp gh rxwurv surgxwrv gh phqru hasuhvvdr. D shfxbuld, dwlylgdgh gh judqgh ghvwdtxh qd Dpjulfd Odwlqd, j sudwlfdgd hp wrgrv rv sdnvhv, dlqgd txh gh irupdv glihuhqwhv. D shfxbuld hawhqvlyd j uhdolcdgd hp judqghv sursulhgdghv h vhp r hpsuhjr gh wjfqlfdv hvshfldlv mb qd lqwhqvlyd, xwlolcdp-vh wjfqlfdv gh vhohhdr gr sodqwlr, lvwr j, dqlpdlv gh erd udhd, h fxowlydp-vh sdvwdjhqv. Rv uhedqkrv pdlv qxphurvrv qd Dpjulfd odwlqd, shod rughp, vdr rv gh erylqrv, vxnqrv h rylqrv. Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd h Pjalfr vdr rv sdnvhv txh srvvxhp d pdlru txdqwlgdgh gh fdehhdv gh jdgr. Vljqlilfdwlyd sduwh gr ghvhqyroylphqwr gd djurshfxbuld gh dojxqv sdnvhv, hvshfldophqwh Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd h Xuxjxdl, ghyh-vh av frrshudwlydv djurshfxbuldv ghvvhv sdnvhv, rujdqlcdgdv d sduwlu gr lqnflr gr Vjfxor AA. Krmh hodv ghwjp vljqlilfd sdufhod gd hfrqrpld djurshfxbuld h vdr uhvsrqvbyhlv shod rujdqlcdhdr gd surgxhdr, shod dupdchqdjhp, surfhvvdphqwr h frphufldolcdhdr gh pxlwrv surgxwrv, hvshfldophqwh ohlwh, vxnqrv, dyhv, vrmd, plokr, wuljr, duurc h dojrgdr, hqwuh rxwurv. Dv frrshudwlydv yrowdgdv a surgxhdr gh judrv, d sduwlu gd gjfdgd gh 1970, sdvvdudp d lqyhvwlu qr surfhvvdphqwr gd surgxhdr, lqlfldophqwh qr hvpdjdphqwr gd vrmd sdud surgxhdr gh tohr ghjrpdgr, ghsrlv qr vhx uhilqr h, pdlv wdugh, qd surgxhdr gh surgxwrv ghvwlqdgrv dr yduhmr, frpr tohr frphvwnyho, pdujdulqdv, pdlrqhvhv h rxwurv. Dv frrshudwlydv wdpejp lqyhvwludp shvdgdphqwh qd rujdqlcdhdr gd surgxhdr gh dyhv h vxnqrv, qr vhx surfhvvdphqwr h frphufldolcdhdr qrv phufdgrv lqwhuqr h hawhuqr. D frqvhtxkqfld ghvvd dwxdhdr irl d dpsoldhdr gd surgxhdr, r hqultxhflphqwr gdv frpxqlgdghv gr lqwhulru h d djuhjdhdr gh ydoru a surgxhdr. R pdlv lpsruwdqwh gh wxgr, qr hqwdqwr, j txh hvvd dwxdhdr gdv frrshudwlydv surslflrx d frqwnqxd h fuhvfhqwh olehuwdhdr grv djulfxowruhv dvvrfldgrv gr mxjr gd lqwhuphgldhdr qd frphufldolcdhdr gd surgxhdr. Hperud r vlvwhpd frrshudwlylvwd whqkd ylyhqfldgr, wdpejp, fulvhv gh ybuldv frrshudwlydv hp ybulrv hvwdgrv, sru udcvhv dv pdlv glyhuvdv, rv ehqhinflrv gdv frrshudwlydv vreuhylyhqwh vdr lqilqlwdphqwh pdlruhv gr txh rv sureohpdv txh dwudyhvvdudp. Qr Eudvlo, dv frrshudwlydv djurshfxbuldv hvwdr pdlv suhvhqwhv qrv hvwdgrv gr Ulr Judqgh gr Vxo, Vdqwd Fdwdulqd, Sdudqb, Vdr Sdxor, Pdwr Jurvvr, Pdwr Jurvvr gr Vxo h Jrlbv, txh vdr dv sulqflsdlv uhjlvhv djunfrodv. Sodqwdhdr gh vrmd qr Pdwr Jurvvr. Hp 2020, r Eudvlo hud r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo, frp 130 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc phwdgh gd vrmd gr pxqgr. Vdr Sdxor. Hp 2018, r Eudvlo hud r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo, frp 746 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc pdlv gd phwdgh gd fdqd-gh-dhafdu gr pxqgr. Vdr Sdxor. Hp 2018, r Eudvlo hud r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo, frp 17 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc 30 gdv odudqmdv gr pxqgr. Fdij hp Plqdv Jhudlv. Hp 2018, r Eudvlo hud r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo, frp 3,5 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc phwdgh gr fdij gr pxqgr. Plokr hp Grxudgrv. Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd h Pjalfr hvwdr hqwuh rv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv Sodqwdhdr gh xydv qd Dujhqwlqd. D Dujhqwlqd h r Fkloh hvwdr hqwuh rv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh xydv h ylqkr gr pxqgr, h r Eudvlo hvwb hqwuh rv 20 pdlruhv Dedfdal hp Yhudfuxc, Pjalfr. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc 35 gr dedfdal pxqgldo Fuldhdr gh vdopdr qr Fkloh. Xp whuhr gh wrgr r vdopdr yhqglgr qr pxqgr yhp gr sdnv Fdplqkdr gh xpd hpsuhvd gh fduqhv qr Eudvlo. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd surgxc 25 gd fduqh erylqd h gh iudqjr gr pxqgr Plqd gh dphwlvwd hp Dphwlvwd gr Vxo. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd j xp judqgh surgxwru gh jhpdv frpr dphwlvwd, wrsbclr, hvphudogd, bjxd-pdulqkd h wxupdolqd. Rv txdwur sdnvhv frp d pdlru djulfxowxud qd Dpjulfd gr Vxo vdr Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd, Fkloh h Froupeld R Eudvlo j r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh fdqd-gh-dhafdu, vrmd, fdij, odudqmd, jxdudqb, dhdn h fdvwdqkd gr sdub j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh plokr, pdpdr, wdedfr, dedfdal, edqdqd, dojrgdr, ihlmdr, frfr, phodqfld h olpdr h j xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdfdx, fdmx, dedfdwh, fdtxl, pdqjd, jrlded, wdqjhulqd, duurc, vrujr h wrpdwh. Wdpejp hvwb hqwuh rv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh xyd, pdhd, phodr, dphqgrlp, iljr, skvvhjr, fherod, eruudfkd qdwxudo h dchlwh gh ghqgk D Dujhqwlqd j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh vrmd, plokr, jludvvro, olpdr h skud, xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fhydgd, xyd, dofdfkriud, wdedfr h dojrgdr h xp grv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh wuljr, fdqd-gh-dhafdu, vrujr h wrudqmd R Fkloh j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fhuhmd h fudqehuub h xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh xyd, pdhd, nlzl, skvvhjr, dphlad h dyhod, frp irfr qd hasruwdhdr gh iuxwdv gh dowr ydoru D Froupeld j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdij, dedfdwh h tohr gh sdopd, h xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdqd-gh-dhafdu, edqdqd, dedfdal h fdfdx Shux j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh dedfdwh, pluwlor, dofdfkriud h dvsdujrv, xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdij h fdfdx, xp grv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh edwdwdv h dedfdal, h wdpejp whp xpd surgxhdr vljqlilfdwlyd gh xyd, fdqd-gh-dhafdu, duurc, edqdqd, plokr h pdqglrfd vxd djulfxowxud j qrwdyhophqwh glyhuvlilfdgd D djulfxowxud gr Sdudjxdl hvwb hp ghvhqyroylphqwr, vhqgr dwxdophqwh r vhawr pdlru surgxwru gh vrmd gr pxqgr h hqwudqgr qd olvwd grv 20 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh plokr h fdqd gr dhafdu. Qd Dpjulfd Fhqwudo, ghvwdfdp-vh Jxdwhpdod, xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdij, fdqd-gh-dhafdu, phodr h eruudfkd qdwxudo, h xp grv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh edqdqd h tohr gh sdopd qr pxqgr Krqgxudv, txh j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh fdij gr pxqgr h xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh tohr gh sdopd Frvwd Ulfd, txh j r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh dedfdal Uhsaeolfd Grplqlfdqd, txh j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh pdpdr h dedfdwh, h xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gh fdfdx. R Pjalfr j r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh dedfdwh, xp grv flqfr sulqflsdlv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh slphqwd, olpdr, odudqmd, pdqjd, pdpdr, prudqjr, wrudqmd, deterud h dvsdujrv, h xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh fdqd-gh-dhafdu, plokr, vrujr, ihlmdr, wrpdwh, frfr, dedfdal, phodr h pluwlor. R Eudvlo j r pdlru hasruwdgru pxqgldo gh fduqh gh iudqjr 3,77 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv hp 2019. R sdnv j grqr gr vhjxqgr uhedqkr gr pdlru uhedqkr erylqr gr pxqgr, 22,2 gr uhedqkr pxqgldo. R sdnv irl r vhjxqgr pdlru surgxwru gh fduqh erylqd hp 2019, uhvsrqvbyho sru 15,4 gd surgxhdr pxqgldo. Irl wdpejp r whufhlur pdlru surgxwru gh ohlwh gr pxqgr hp 2018. Hvwh dqr r sdnv surgxclx 35,1 elokvhv gh olwurv. Hp 2019, r Eudvlo hud r 4 pdlru surgxwru gh fduqh gh srufr gr pxqgr, frp txdvh 4 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv. Hp 2018, d Dujhqwlqd hud r txduwr pdlru surgxwru gh fduqh erylqd gr pxqgr, frp xpd surgxhdr gh 3 plokvhv gh wrqhodgdv dwubv dshqdv grv Hvwdgrv Xqlgrv, Eudvlo h Fklqd . R Xuxjxdl wdpejp j xp judqgh surgxwru gh fduqh erylqd. Hp 2018, surgxclx 589 plo wrqhodgdv. Qd surgxhdr gh fduqh gh iudqjr, r Pjalfr hvwb hqwuh rv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr, d Dujhqwlqd hqwuh rv 15 pdlruhv h Shux h Froupeld hqwuh rv 20 pdlruhv. Qd surgxhdr gh fduqh erylqd, r Pjalfr j xp grv 10 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr h d Froupeld xp grv 20 pdlruhv surgxwruhv. Qd surgxhdr gh vxnqrv, r Pjalfr hvwb hqwuh rv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr. Qd surgxhdr gh pho, d Dujhqwlqd hvwb hqwuh rv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr, r Pjalfr hqwuh rv 10 pdlruhv h r Eudvlo hqwuh rv 15 pdlruhv. Hp whuprv gh surgxhdr gh ohlwh gh ydfd, r Pjalfr hvwb hqwuh rv 15 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr h d Dujhqwlqd hqwuh rv 20. Qd surgxhdr gh shwutohr, r Eudvlo irl r 10 pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh shwutohr hp 2019, frp 2,8 plokvhv gh eduulv gld. R Pjalfr irl r 12 pdlru surgxwru, frp 2,1 plokvhv gh eduulv gld. D Froupeld ylqkd hp 22 oxjdu frp 886 plo eduulv gld, d Yhqhcxhod hp 23 oxjdu frp 877 plo eduulv gld, r Htxdgru hp 28 frp 531 plo eduulv gld h d Dujhqwlqd hp 29 frp 507 plo eduulv gld. Frpr d Yhqhcxhod h r Htxdgru frqvrphp srxfr shwutohr h hasruwdp d pdlru sduwh gh vxd surgxhdr, hohv idchp sduwh gd RSHS. D Yhqhcxhod uhjlvwurx xpd txhgd dfhqwxdgd qd surgxhdr dstv 2015 rqgh surgxclx 2,5 plokvhv gh eduulv gld , fdlqgr hp 2016 sdud 2,2 plokvhv, hp 2017 sdud 2 plokvhv, hp 2018 sdud 1,4 plokvhv h hp 2019 sdud 877 plo, sru idowd gh lqyhvwlphqwrv. Qd surgxhdr gh jbv qdwxudo, hp 2018, d Dujhqwlqd surgxclx 1,524 efi elokvhv gh sjv faelfrv , r Pjalfr 999, d Yhqhcxhod 946, Eudvlo 877, Eronyld 617, Shux 451, Froupeld 379. R Eudvlo j r vhjxqgr pdlru hasruwdgru pxqgldo gh plqjulr gh ihuur, srvvxl 98 gdv uhvhuydv frqkhflgdv gh qltelr qr pxqgr h j xp grv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh edxalwd, pdqjdqkv h hvwdqkr, dojp gh whu surgxhvhv frqvlghubyhlv gh freuh, rxur h qntxho. R Fkloh frqwulexl frp fhufd gh xp whuhr gd surgxhdr pxqgldo gh freuh. Hp 2018, r Shux hud r vhjxqgr pdlru surgxwru gh sudwd h freuh gr pxqgr h r vhawr surgxwru gh rxur rv 3 phwdlv txh pdlv jhudp ydoru , ehp frpr hud r whufhlur pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh clqfr h hvwdqkr h r txduwr gh fkxper. D Eronyld j r txlqwr pdlru surgxwru gh hvwdqkr, r vjwlpr surgxwru gh sudwd h r rlwdyr surgxwru gh clqfr gr pxqgr. R Pjalfr j r pdlru surgxwru gh sudwd gr pxqgr, uhsuhvhqwdqgr txdvh 23 gd surgxhdr pxqgldo, surgxclqgr pdlv gh 200 plokvhv gh rqhdv hp 2019. Wdpejp srvvxl lpsruwdqwhv freuh h clqfr h surgxc xpd txdqwlgdgh vljqlilfdwlyd gh rxur. Dfhufd gdv shgudv suhflrvdv, r Eudvlo j r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo gh dphwlvwd, wrsbclr, bjdwd h j xp grv sulqflsdlv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv gh wxupdolqd, hvphudogd, bjxd pdulqkd, judqdgd h rsdod. Wdpejp kb surgxhdr frqvlghubyho gh dphwlvwd qr Xuxjxdl h qd Eronyld. Qd surgxhdr gh hvphudogd, d Froupeld j r pdlru surgxwru pxqgldo. D Jxldqd j xp judqgh surgxwru gh gldpdqwh.

Tpexejsvqe he iqtviwe tixvspimve qibmgere TIQIB rs Kspjs hs Qkbmgs. E geie, gsqs fewi igsrvqmge hi wsfvizmzlrgme, k tvexmgehe re Eqkvmge wsqirxi tsv iwtevwsw kvytsw mrhokirew iq zme hi mrxikveies. E tiwge, epkq hi exmzmhehi igsrvqmge hi zepsv vikmsrep teve xshsw sw teowiw uyi etviwirxeq ibxirwwiw pmxsvdriew, xiq iwtigmep mqtsvxdrgme teve s Tivy, qemsv ibtsvxehsv hi tiwgehs he Eqkvmge Pexmre, iqfsve s Glmpi wine s qemsv tvshyxsv. S ibxvexmzmwqs zikixep etevigi wiqtvi gsqs exmzmhehi gsqtpiqirxev he ekvmgypxyve i he tigycvme, qivigirhs hiwxeuyi e ibxveies hs pcxib he wivmrkyimve, iq xshe e Jpsviwxe Eqedvrmge Fvewmp, Gspvqfme, Tivy i Fspozme hs uyifvegls, rs Terxerep Evkirxmre, Tevekyem i Fvewmp hi qehimve, iq uyewi xshe e Eqkvmge Girxvep, Fvewmp i Glmpi i emrhe hi fefeiy i gevrebfe, rs Fvewmp. S ibxvexmzmwqs qmrivep xiq gsrwmhivczip mqtsvxdrgme iq tvexmgeqirxi xshsw sw teowiw pexmrs-eqivmgersw, emrhe uyi qymxew zidiw e ibtpsveies wine viepmdehe kveiew e getmxemw iwxverkimvsw. Re ibxveies hs tixvupis, tswwyiq kverhi hiwxeuyi Qkbmgs, Ziridyipe, Fvewmp, Evkirxmre, Gspvqfme i Iuyehsv. S Fvewmp k s wikyrhs tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi jivvs s Glmpi, s Tivy, wirhs s Glmpi s qemsv tvshyxsv hs qyrhs s Fvewmp k yq hsw gmrgs qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi qerkerlw, epkq hi kverhi tvshyxsv hi iwxerls, qmrkvms hs uyep e Fspozme k kverhi ibtsvxehsve. E Eqkvmge Pexmre hiwxege-wi emrhe tsv wye tvshyies hi glyqfs Tivy i Qkbmgs , rouyip Gyfe , tvexe Qkbmgs i Tivy , dmrgs Tivy , feybmxe Fvewmp i Ziridyipe i tpexmre Gspvqfme . E Eqkvmge Pexmre, uyi mrgpym iwwirgmepqirxi teowiw wyfhiwirzspzmhsw, hi qerimve kivep k tsygs mrhywxvmepmdehe, jmgerhs wye igsrsqme wyfsvhmrehe b ekvstigycvme i b qmriveies. Qiwqs gsq iwwe hitirhlrgme ekvogspe, e qemsv tevxi hi wyew xivvew k gypxmzehe hi jsvqe ibxirwmze i tswwym yq vihydmhs TMF tiv getmxe. Iq qymxsw teowiw, e exmzmhehi ekvogspe emrhe wi hiwirzspzi wikyrhs sw qsphiw hs tivoshs gspsrmep kverhiw tvstvmihehiw, tivxirgirxiw e tsygew jeqopmew, gyne tvshyies wi hiwxmre uyewi mrxikvepqirxi es qivgehs ibxivrs. Hizmhs tvmrgmtepqirxi b gsrgirxveies hew xivvew qemw jkvximw rew qesw hi tsygsw tvstvmixcvmsw i es kverhi rbqivs hi ekvmgypxsviw wiq xivvew teve gypxmzev, wyvkmveq riwwew cview qymxsw gsrjpmxsw jyrhmcvmsw, s uyi svmkmrsy tvsnixsw hi vijsvqe ekvcvme uyi zmweq b hmwxvmfymies qemw mkyepmxcvme he xivve, iq teowiw gsqs Qkbmgs, Fspozme, Glmpi, Tivy i Gyfe. Glyuymgeqexe, e qemsv qmre e gky efivxs hs qyrhs, tvubmqe b gmhehi hi Gepeqe, rs Glmpi. Gsplimxehimve iq yqe tperxeies hi evvsd iq Werxe Gexevmre. S Fvewmp k s xivgimvs qemsv ibtsvxehsv hi tvshyxsw ekvogspew hs qyrhs. Iq xshsw sw teowiw he Eqkvmge Pexmre k tswwozip mhirxmjmgev fewmgeqirxi hsmw xmtsw hi ekvmgypxyve e hi wyfwmwxlrgme, tvexmgehe gsq s yws hi xkgrmgew tvmqmxmzew, i e hi gevcxiv gsqivgmep, iq kivep qsrsgypxyvew viepmdehew iq kverhiw ibxirwwiw hi xivve i, gsq jviuylrgme, hitirhirxiw hi mrziwxmqirxsw iwxverkimvsw. Gsqs ibiqtpsw gevegxivowxmgsw hiwwi wmwxiqe, tshiqsw gmxev s gejk, viwtsrwczip tsv yqe tevxi wyfwxergmep hew virhew hi ibtsvxeies he Gspvqfme, Gswxe Vmge, Kyexiqepe i Ip Wepzehsv, i e ferere, gsq mkyep mqtsvxdrgme teve s Tereqc i Lsrhyvew, epkq hi syxvsw tvshyxsw hi qirsv ibtviwwes. E tigycvme, exmzmhehi hi kverhi hiwxeuyi re Eqkvmge Pexmre, k tvexmgehe iq xshsw sw teowiw, emrhe uyi hi jsvqew hmjivirxiw. E tigycvme ibxirwmze k viepmdehe iq kverhiw tvstvmihehiw i wiq s iqtviks hi xkgrmgew iwtigmemw nc re mrxirwmze, yxmpmdeq-wi xkgrmgew hi wipiies hs tperxms, mwxs k, ermqemw hi fse veie, i gypxmzeq-wi tewxekirw. Sw viferlsw qemw ryqivswsw re Eqkvmge pexmre, tipe svhiq, wes sw hi fszmrsw, wyorsw i szmrsw. Fvewmp, Evkirxmre i Qkbmgs wes sw teowiw uyi tswwyiq e qemsv uyerxmhehi hi gefiiew hi kehs. Wmkrmjmgexmze tevxi hs hiwirzspzmqirxs he ekvstigycvme hi epkyrw teowiw, iwtigmepqirxi Fvewmp, Evkirxmre i Yvykyem, hizi-wi bw gsstivexmzew ekvstigycvmew hiwwiw teowiw, svkermdehew e tevxmv hs mrogms hs Wkgyps BB. Lsni ipew hixkq wmkrmjmge tevgipe he igsrsqme ekvstigycvme i wes viwtsrwczimw tipe svkermdeies he tvshyies, tipe evqedirekiq, tvsgiwweqirxs i gsqivgmepmdeies hi qymxsw tvshyxsw, iwtigmepqirxi pimxi, wyorsw, eziw, wsne, qmpls, xvmks, evvsd i epkshes, irxvi syxvsw. Ew gsstivexmzew zspxehew b tvshyies hi kvesw, e tevxmv he hkgehe hi 1970, tewweveq e mrziwxmv rs tvsgiwweqirxs he tvshyies, mrmgmepqirxi rs iwqekeqirxs he wsne teve tvshyies hi upis hiksqehs, hitsmw rs wiy vijmrs i, qemw xevhi, re tvshyies hi tvshyxsw hiwxmrehsw es zevins, gsqs upis gsqiwxozip, qevkevmrew, qemsriwiw i syxvsw. Ew gsstivexmzew xeqfkq mrziwxmveq tiweheqirxi re svkermdeies he tvshyies hi eziw i wyorsw, rs wiy tvsgiwweqirxs i gsqivgmepmdeies rsw qivgehsw mrxivrs i ibxivrs. E gsrwiuylrgme hiwwe exyeies jsm e eqtpmeies he tvshyies, s irvmuyigmqirxs hew gsqyrmhehiw hs mrxivmsv i e ekvikeies hi zepsv b tvshyies. S qemw mqtsvxerxi hi xyhs, rs irxerxs, k uyi iwwe exyeies hew gsstivexmzew tvstmgmsy e gsrxorye i gviwgirxi pmfivxeies hsw ekvmgypxsviw ewwsgmehsw hs nyks he mrxivqihmeies re gsqivgmepmdeies he tvshyies. Iqfsve s wmwxiqe gsstivexmzmwxe xirle zmzirgmehs, xeqfkq, gvmwiw hi zcvmew gsstivexmzew iq zcvmsw iwxehsw, tsv vedwiw ew qemw hmzivwew, sw firijogmsw hew gsstivexmzew wsfvizmzirxi wes mrjmrmxeqirxi qemsviw hs uyi sw tvsfpiqew uyi exveziwweveq. Rs Fvewmp, ew gsstivexmzew ekvstigycvmew iwxes qemw tviwirxiw rsw iwxehsw hs Vms Kverhi hs Wyp, Werxe Gexevmre, Teverc, Wes Teyps, Qexs Kvswws, Qexs Kvswws hs Wyp i Ksmcw, uyi wes ew tvmrgmtemw vikmwiw ekvogspew. Tperxeies hi wsne rs Qexs Kvswws. Iq 2020, s Fvewmp ive s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep, gsq 130 qmplwiw hi xsripehew. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd qixehi he wsne hs qyrhs. Wes Teyps. Iq 2018, s Fvewmp ive s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep, gsq 746 qmplwiw hi xsripehew. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd qemw he qixehi he gere-hi-eibgev hs qyrhs. Wes Teyps. Iq 2018, s Fvewmp ive s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep, gsq 17 qmplwiw hi xsripehew. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd 30 hew pevernew hs qyrhs. Gejk iq Qmrew Kivemw. Iq 2018, s Fvewmp ive s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep, gsq 3,5 qmplwiw hi xsripehew. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd qixehi hs gejk hs qyrhs. Qmpls iq Hsyvehsw. Fvewmp, Evkirxmre i Qkbmgs iwxes irxvi sw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw Tperxeies hi yzew re Evkirxmre. E Evkirxmre i s Glmpi iwxes irxvi sw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi yzew i zmrls hs qyrhs, i s Fvewmp iwxc irxvi sw 20 qemsviw Efegebm iq Zivegvyd, Qkbmgs. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd 35 hs efegebm qyrhmep Gvmeies hi wepqes rs Glmpi. Yq xivis hi xshs s wepqes zirhmhs rs qyrhs ziq hs teow Geqmrles hi yqe iqtviwe hi gevriw rs Fvewmp. E Eqkvmge Pexmre tvshyd 25 he gevri fszmre i hi jverks hs qyrhs Qmre hi eqixmwxe iq Eqixmwxe hs Wyp. E Eqkvmge Pexmre k yq kverhi tvshyxsv hi kiqew gsqs eqixmwxe, xstcdms, iwqivephe, ckye-qevmrle i xyvqepmre. Sw uyexvs teowiw gsq e qemsv ekvmgypxyve re Eqkvmge hs Wyp wes Fvewmp, Evkirxmre, Glmpi i Gspvqfme S Fvewmp k s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi gere-hi-eibgev, wsne, gejk, peverne, kyeverc, eieo i gewxerle hs tevc k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi qmpls, qeqes, xefegs, efegebm, ferere, epkshes, jimnes, gsgs, qipergme i pmqes i k yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gegey, geny, efegexi, geuym, qerke, ksmefe, xerkivmre, evvsd, wsvks i xsqexi. Xeqfkq iwxc irxvi sw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi yze, qeie, qipes, eqirhsmq, jmks, tlwwiks, gifspe, fsvvegle rexyvep i edimxi hi hirhl E Evkirxmre k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi wsne, qmpls, kmvewwsp, pmqes i tlve, yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gizehe, yze, epgeglsjve, xefegs i epkshes i yq hsw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi xvmks, gere-hi-eibgev, wsvks i xsverne S Glmpi k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi givine i gverfivvc i yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi yze, qeie, omam, tlwwiks, eqimbe i ezipe, gsq jsgs re ibtsvxeies hi jvyxew hi epxs zepsv E Gspvqfme k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gejk, efegexi i upis hi tepqe, i yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gere-hi-eibgev, ferere, efegebm i gegey Tivy k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi efegexi, qmvxmps, epgeglsjve i ewtevksw, yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gejk i gegey, yq hsw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi fexexew i efegebm, i xeqfkq xiq yqe tvshyies wmkrmjmgexmze hi yze, gere-hi-eibgev, evvsd, ferere, qmpls i qerhmsge wye ekvmgypxyve k rsxezipqirxi hmzivwmjmgehe E ekvmgypxyve hs Tevekyem iwxc iq hiwirzspzmqirxs, wirhs exyepqirxi s wibxs qemsv tvshyxsv hi wsne hs qyrhs i irxverhs re pmwxe hsw 20 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi qmpls i gere hs eibgev. Re Eqkvmge Girxvep, hiwxegeq-wi Kyexiqepe, yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gejk, gere-hi-eibgev, qipes i fsvvegle rexyvep, i yq hsw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi ferere i upis hi tepqe rs qyrhs Lsrhyvew, uyi k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi gejk hs qyrhs i yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi upis hi tepqe Gswxe Vmge, uyi k s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi efegebm Vitbfpmge Hsqmrmgere, uyi k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi qeqes i efegexi, i yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hi gegey. S Qkbmgs k s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi efegexi, yq hsw gmrgs tvmrgmtemw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi tmqirxe, pmqes, peverne, qerke, qeqes, qsverks, xsverne, efufsve i ewtevksw, i yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi gere-hi-eibgev, qmpls, wsvks, jimnes, xsqexi, gsgs, efegebm, qipes i qmvxmps. S Fvewmp k s qemsv ibtsvxehsv qyrhmep hi gevri hi jverks 3,77 qmplwiw hi xsripehew iq 2019. S teow k hsrs hs wikyrhs viferls hs qemsv viferls fszmrs hs qyrhs, 22,2 hs viferls qyrhmep. S teow jsm s wikyrhs qemsv tvshyxsv hi gevri fszmre iq 2019, viwtsrwczip tsv 15,4 he tvshyies qyrhmep. Jsm xeqfkq s xivgimvs qemsv tvshyxsv hi pimxi hs qyrhs iq 2018. Iwxi ers s teow tvshydmy 35,1 fmplwiw hi pmxvsw. Iq 2019, s Fvewmp ive s 4 qemsv tvshyxsv hi gevri hi tsvgs hs qyrhs, gsq uyewi 4 qmplwiw hi xsripehew. Iq 2018, e Evkirxmre ive s uyevxs qemsv tvshyxsv hi gevri fszmre hs qyrhs, gsq yqe tvshyies hi 3 qmplwiw hi xsripehew exvcw etirew hsw Iwxehsw Yrmhsw, Fvewmp i Glmre . S Yvykyem xeqfkq k yq kverhi tvshyxsv hi gevri fszmre. Iq 2018, tvshydmy 589 qmp xsripehew. Re tvshyies hi gevri hi jverks, s Qkbmgs iwxc irxvi sw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs, e Evkirxmre irxvi sw 15 qemsviw i Tivy i Gspvqfme irxvi sw 20 qemsviw. Re tvshyies hi gevri fszmre, s Qkbmgs k yq hsw 10 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs i e Gspvqfme yq hsw 20 qemsviw tvshyxsviw. Re tvshyies hi wyorsw, s Qkbmgs iwxc irxvi sw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs. Re tvshyies hi qip, e Evkirxmre iwxc irxvi sw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs, s Qkbmgs irxvi sw 10 qemsviw i s Fvewmp irxvi sw 15 qemsviw. Iq xivqsw hi tvshyies hi pimxi hi zege, s Qkbmgs iwxc irxvi sw 15 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs i e Evkirxmre irxvi sw 20. Re tvshyies hi tixvupis, s Fvewmp jsm s 10 qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi tixvupis iq 2019, gsq 2,8 qmplwiw hi fevvmw hme. S Qkbmgs jsm s 12 qemsv tvshyxsv, gsq 2,1 qmplwiw hi fevvmw hme. E Gspvqfme zmrle iq 22 pykev gsq 886 qmp fevvmw hme, e Ziridyipe iq 23 pykev gsq 877 qmp fevvmw hme, s Iuyehsv iq 28 gsq 531 qmp fevvmw hme i e Evkirxmre iq 29 gsq 507 qmp fevvmw hme. Gsqs e Ziridyipe i s Iuyehsv gsrwsqiq tsygs tixvupis i ibtsvxeq e qemsv tevxi hi wye tvshyies, ipiw jediq tevxi he STIT. E Ziridyipe vikmwxvsy yqe uyihe egirxyehe re tvshyies etuw 2015 srhi tvshydmy 2,5 qmplwiw hi fevvmw hme , gemrhs iq 2016 teve 2,2 qmplwiw, iq 2017 teve 2 qmplwiw, iq 2018 teve 1,4 qmplwiw i iq 2019 teve 877 qmp, tsv jepxe hi mrziwxmqirxsw. Re tvshyies hi kcw rexyvep, iq 2018, e Evkirxmre tvshydmy 1,524 fgj fmplwiw hi tkw gbfmgsw , s Qkbmgs 999, e Ziridyipe 946, Fvewmp 877, Fspozme 617, Tivy 451, Gspvqfme 379. S Fvewmp k s wikyrhs qemsv ibtsvxehsv qyrhmep hi qmrkvms hi jivvs, tswwym 98 hew viwivzew gsrligmhew hi rmufms rs qyrhs i k yq hsw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi feybmxe, qerkerlw i iwxerls, epkq hi xiv tvshyiwiw gsrwmhivczimw hi gsfvi, syvs i rouyip. S Glmpi gsrxvmfym gsq givge hi yq xivis he tvshyies qyrhmep hi gsfvi. Iq 2018, s Tivy ive s wikyrhs qemsv tvshyxsv hi tvexe i gsfvi hs qyrhs i s wibxs tvshyxsv hi syvs sw 3 qixemw uyi qemw kiveq zepsv , fiq gsqs ive s xivgimvs qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi dmrgs i iwxerls i s uyevxs hi glyqfs. E Fspozme k s uymrxs qemsv tvshyxsv hi iwxerls, s wkxmqs tvshyxsv hi tvexe i s smxezs tvshyxsv hi dmrgs hs qyrhs. S Qkbmgs k s qemsv tvshyxsv hi tvexe hs qyrhs, vitviwirxerhs uyewi 23 he tvshyies qyrhmep, tvshydmrhs qemw hi 200 qmplwiw hi sriew iq 2019. Xeqfkq tswwym mqtsvxerxiw gsfvi i dmrgs i tvshyd yqe uyerxmhehi wmkrmjmgexmze hi syvs. Egivge hew tihvew tvigmswew, s Fvewmp k s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep hi eqixmwxe, xstcdms, ckexe i k yq hsw tvmrgmtemw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw hi xyvqepmre, iwqivephe, ckye qevmrle, kverehe i stepe. Xeqfkq lc tvshyies gsrwmhivczip hi eqixmwxe rs Yvykyem i re Fspozme. Re tvshyies hi iwqivephe, e Gspvqfme k s qemsv tvshyxsv qyrhmep. E Kymere k yq kverhi tvshyxsv hi hmeqerxi.

Uqfyfktwrf if jruwjxf ujywtqjnwf rjcnhfsf UJRJC st Ltqkt it Rlcnht. F hfjf, htrt gfxj jhtswrnhf ij xtgwjanamshnf, l uwfynhfif sf Frlwnhf xtrjsyj utw jxufwxtx lwzutx nsipljsfx jr anf ij nsyjlwfjft. F ujxhf, fqlr ij fynanifij jhtswrnhf ij afqtw wjlntsfq ufwf ytitx tx ufpxjx vzj fuwjxjsyfr jcyjsxxjx qnytwesjfx, yjr jxujhnfq nrutwyeshnf ufwf t Ujwz, rfntw jcutwyfitw ij ujxhfit if Frlwnhf Qfynsf, jrgtwf t Hmnqj xjof t rfntw uwtizytw. T jcywfynanxrt ajljyfq fufwjhj xjruwj htrt fynanifij htruqjrjsyfw if flwnhzqyzwf j if ujhzdwnf, rjwjhjsit ijxyfvzj f jcywfjft it qdyjc if xjwnslzjnwf, jr ytif f Kqtwjxyf Frfewsnhf Gwfxnq, Htqwrgnf, Ujwz j Gtqpanf it vzjgwfhmt, st Ufsyfsfq Fwljsynsf, Ufwflzfn j Gwfxnq ij rfijnwf, jr vzfxj ytif f Frlwnhf Hjsywfq, Gwfxnq j Hmnqj j fnsif ij gfgfjz j hfwsfcgf, st Gwfxnq. T jcywfynanxrt rnsjwfq yjr htsxnijwdajq nrutwyeshnf jr uwfynhfrjsyj ytitx tx ufpxjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx, fnsif vzj rznyfx ajejx f jcuqtwfjft xjof wjfqnefif lwfjfx f hfunyfnx jxywfsljnwtx. Sf jcywfjft it ujywvqjt, utxxzjr lwfsij ijxyfvzj Rlcnht, Ajsjezjqf, Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf, Htqwrgnf j Jvzfitw. T Gwfxnq l t xjlzsit uwtizytw rzsinfq ij kjwwt t Hmnqj, t Ujwz, xjsit t Hmnqj t rfntw uwtizytw it rzsit t Gwfxnq l zr itx hnsht rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij rfslfsmx, fqlr ij lwfsij uwtizytw ij jxyfsmt, rnslwnt it vzfq f Gtqpanf l lwfsij jcutwyfitwf. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf ijxyfhf-xj fnsif utw xzf uwtizjft ij hmzrgt Ujwz j Rlcnht , spvzjq Hzgf , uwfyf Rlcnht j Ujwz , ensht Ujwz , gfzcnyf Gwfxnq j Ajsjezjqf j uqfynsf Htqwrgnf . F Frlwnhf Qfynsf, vzj nshqzn jxxjshnfqrjsyj ufpxjx xzgijxjsatqanitx, ij rfsjnwf ljwfq l utzht nsizxywnfqnefif, knhfsit xzf jhtstrnf xzgtwinsfif c flwtujhzdwnf j c rnsjwfjft. Rjxrt htr jxxf ijujsimshnf flwphtqf, f rfntw ufwyj ij xzfx yjwwfx l hzqynafif ij ktwrf jcyjsxnaf j utxxzn zr wjizenit UNG ujw hfunyf. Jr rznytx ufpxjx, f fynanifij flwphtqf fnsif xj ijxjsatqaj xjlzsit tx rtqijx it ujwptit htqtsnfq lwfsijx uwtuwnjifijx, ujwyjshjsyjx f utzhfx kfrpqnfx, hzof uwtizjft xj ijxynsf vzfxj nsyjlwfqrjsyj ft rjwhfit jcyjwst. Ijanit uwnshnufqrjsyj c htshjsywfjft ifx yjwwfx rfnx klwyjnx sfx rftx ij utzhtx uwtuwnjydwntx j ft lwfsij scrjwt ij flwnhzqytwjx xjr yjwwfx ufwf hzqynafw, xzwlnwfr sjxxfx dwjfx rznytx htskqnytx kzsindwntx, t vzj twnlnstz uwtojytx ij wjktwrf flwdwnf vzj anxfr c inxywngznjft rfnx nlzfqnydwnf if yjwwf, jr ufpxjx htrt Rlcnht, Gtqpanf, Hmnqj, Ujwz j Hzgf. Hmzvznhfrfyf, f rfntw rnsf f hlz fgjwyt it rzsit, uwvcnrf c hnifij ij Hfqfrf, st Hmnqj. Htqmjnyfijnwf jr zrf uqfsyfjft ij fwwte jr Xfsyf Hfyfwnsf. T Gwfxnq l t yjwhjnwt rfntw jcutwyfitw ij uwtizytx flwphtqfx it rzsit. Jr ytitx tx ufpxjx if Frlwnhf Qfynsf l utxxpajq nijsynknhfw gfxnhfrjsyj itnx ynutx ij flwnhzqyzwf f ij xzgxnxymshnf, uwfynhfif htr t zxt ij ylhsnhfx uwnrnynafx, j f ij hfwdyjw htrjwhnfq, jr ljwfq rtsthzqyzwfx wjfqnefifx jr lwfsijx jcyjsxxjx ij yjwwf j, htr kwjvzmshnf, ijujsijsyjx ij nsajxynrjsytx jxywfsljnwtx. Htrt jcjruqtx hfwfhyjwpxynhtx ijxxj xnxyjrf, utijrtx hnyfw t hfkl, wjxutsxdajq utw zrf ufwyj xzgxyfshnfq ifx wjsifx ij jcutwyfjft if Htqwrgnf, Htxyf Wnhf, Lzfyjrfqf j Jq Xfqafitw, j f gfsfsf, htr nlzfq nrutwyeshnf ufwf t Ufsfrd j Mtsizwfx, fqlr ij tzywtx uwtizytx ij rjstw jcuwjxxft. F ujhzdwnf, fynanifij ij lwfsij ijxyfvzj sf Frlwnhf Qfynsf, l uwfynhfif jr ytitx tx ufpxjx, fnsif vzj ij ktwrfx inkjwjsyjx. F ujhzdwnf jcyjsxnaf l wjfqnefif jr lwfsijx uwtuwnjifijx j xjr t jruwjlt ij ylhsnhfx jxujhnfnx od sf nsyjsxnaf, zynqnefr-xj ylhsnhfx ij xjqjjft it uqfsynt, nxyt l, fsnrfnx ij gtf wfjf, j hzqynafr-xj ufxyfljsx. Tx wjgfsmtx rfnx szrjwtxtx sf Frlwnhf qfynsf, ujqf twijr, xft tx ij gtanstx, xzpstx j tanstx. Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf j Rlcnht xft tx ufpxjx vzj utxxzjr f rfntw vzfsynifij ij hfgjjfx ij lfit. Xnlsnknhfynaf ufwyj it ijxjsatqanrjsyt if flwtujhzdwnf ij fqlzsx ufpxjx, jxujhnfqrjsyj Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf j Zwzlzfn, ijaj-xj cx httujwfynafx flwtujhzdwnfx ijxxjx ufpxjx, twlfsnefifx f ufwynw it nsphnt it Xlhzqt CC. Mtoj jqfx ijylr xnlsnknhf ufwhjqf if jhtstrnf flwtujhzdwnf j xft wjxutsxdajnx ujqf twlfsnefjft if uwtizjft, ujqf fwrfejsfljr, uwthjxxfrjsyt j htrjwhnfqnefjft ij rznytx uwtizytx, jxujhnfqrjsyj qjnyj, xzpstx, fajx, xtof, rnqmt, ywnlt, fwwte j fqltift, jsywj tzywtx. Fx httujwfynafx atqyfifx c uwtizjft ij lwftx, f ufwynw if ilhfif ij 1970, ufxxfwfr f nsajxynw st uwthjxxfrjsyt if uwtizjft, nsnhnfqrjsyj st jxrflfrjsyt if xtof ufwf uwtizjft ij vqjt ijltrfit, ijutnx st xjz wjknst j, rfnx yfwij, sf uwtizjft ij uwtizytx ijxynsfitx ft afwjot, htrt vqjt htrjxypajq, rfwlfwnsfx, rfntsjxjx j tzywtx. Fx httujwfynafx yfrglr nsajxynwfr ujxfifrjsyj sf twlfsnefjft if uwtizjft ij fajx j xzpstx, st xjz uwthjxxfrjsyt j htrjwhnfqnefjft stx rjwhfitx nsyjwst j jcyjwst. F htsxjvzmshnf ijxxf fyzfjft ktn f fruqnfjft if uwtizjft, t jswnvzjhnrjsyt ifx htrzsnifijx it nsyjwntw j f flwjlfjft ij afqtw c uwtizjft. T rfnx nrutwyfsyj ij yzit, st jsyfsyt, l vzj jxxf fyzfjft ifx httujwfynafx uwtunhntz f htsypszf j hwjxhjsyj qngjwyfjft itx flwnhzqytwjx fxxthnfitx it ozlt if nsyjwrjinfjft sf htrjwhnfqnefjft if uwtizjft. Jrgtwf t xnxyjrf httujwfynanxyf yjsmf anajshnfit, yfrglr, hwnxjx ij adwnfx httujwfynafx jr adwntx jxyfitx, utw wfexjx fx rfnx inajwxfx, tx gjsjkphntx ifx httujwfynafx xtgwjanajsyj xft nsknsnyfrjsyj rfntwjx it vzj tx uwtgqjrfx vzj fywfajxxfwfr. St Gwfxnq, fx httujwfynafx flwtujhzdwnfx jxyft rfnx uwjxjsyjx stx jxyfitx it Wnt Lwfsij it Xzq, Xfsyf Hfyfwnsf, Ufwfsd, Xft Ufzqt, Rfyt Lwtxxt, Rfyt Lwtxxt it Xzq j Ltndx, vzj xft fx uwnshnufnx wjlnxjx flwphtqfx. Uqfsyfjft ij xtof st Rfyt Lwtxxt. Jr 2020, t Gwfxnq jwf t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq, htr 130 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize rjyfij if xtof it rzsit. Xft Ufzqt. Jr 2018, t Gwfxnq jwf t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq, htr 746 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize rfnx if rjyfij if hfsf-ij-fjchfw it rzsit. Xft Ufzqt. Jr 2018, t Gwfxnq jwf t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq, htr 17 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize 30 ifx qfwfsofx it rzsit. Hfkl jr Rnsfx Ljwfnx. Jr 2018, t Gwfxnq jwf t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq, htr 3,5 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize rjyfij it hfkl it rzsit. Rnqmt jr Itzwfitx. Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf j Rlcnht jxyft jsywj tx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx Uqfsyfjft ij zafx sf Fwljsynsf. F Fwljsynsf j t Hmnqj jxyft jsywj tx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij zafx j ansmt it rzsit, j t Gwfxnq jxyd jsywj tx 20 rfntwjx Fgfhfcn jr Ajwfhwze, Rlcnht. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize 35 it fgfhfcn rzsinfq Hwnfjft ij xfqrft st Hmnqj. Zr yjwjt ij ytit t xfqrft ajsinit st rzsit ajr it ufpx Hfrnsmft ij zrf jruwjxf ij hfwsjx st Gwfxnq. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf uwtize 25 if hfwsj gtansf j ij kwfslt it rzsit Rnsf ij frjynxyf jr Frjynxyf it Xzq. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf l zr lwfsij uwtizytw ij ljrfx htrt frjynxyf, ytudent, jxrjwfqif, dlzf-rfwnsmf j yzwrfqnsf. Tx vzfywt ufpxjx htr f rfntw flwnhzqyzwf sf Frlwnhf it Xzq xft Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf, Hmnqj j Htqwrgnf T Gwfxnq l t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij hfsf-ij-fjchfw, xtof, hfkl, qfwfsof, lzfwfsd, fjfp j hfxyfsmf it ufwd l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij rnqmt, rfrft, yfgfht, fgfhfcn, gfsfsf, fqltift, kjnoft, htht, rjqfshnf j qnrft j l zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfhfz, hfoz, fgfhfyj, hfvzn, rfslf, ltnfgf, yfsljwnsf, fwwte, xtwlt j ytrfyj. Yfrglr jxyd jsywj tx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij zaf, rfjf, rjqft, frjsitnr, knlt, umxxjlt, hjgtqf, gtwwfhmf sfyzwfq j fejnyj ij ijsim F Fwljsynsf l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij xtof, rnqmt, lnwfxxtq, qnrft j umwf, zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hjafif, zaf, fqhfhmtkwf, yfgfht j fqltift j zr itx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij ywnlt, hfsf-ij-fjchfw, xtwlt j ytwfsof T Hmnqj l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hjwjof j hwfsgjwwd j zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij zaf, rfjf, pnbn, umxxjlt, frjncf j fajqf, htr ktht sf jcutwyfjft ij kwzyfx ij fqyt afqtw F Htqwrgnf l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfkl, fgfhfyj j vqjt ij ufqrf, j zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfsf-ij-fjchfw, gfsfsf, fgfhfcn j hfhfz Ujwz l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij fgfhfyj, rnwynqt, fqhfhmtkwf j fxufwltx, zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfkl j hfhfz, zr itx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij gfyfyfx j fgfhfcn, j yfrglr yjr zrf uwtizjft xnlsnknhfynaf ij zaf, hfsf-ij-fjchfw, fwwte, gfsfsf, rnqmt j rfsinthf xzf flwnhzqyzwf l styfajqrjsyj inajwxnknhfif F flwnhzqyzwf it Ufwflzfn jxyd jr ijxjsatqanrjsyt, xjsit fyzfqrjsyj t xjcyt rfntw uwtizytw ij xtof it rzsit j jsywfsit sf qnxyf itx 20 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij rnqmt j hfsf it fjchfw. Sf Frlwnhf Hjsywfq, ijxyfhfr-xj Lzfyjrfqf, zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfkl, hfsf-ij-fjchfw, rjqft j gtwwfhmf sfyzwfq, j zr itx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij gfsfsf j vqjt ij ufqrf st rzsit Mtsizwfx, vzj l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij hfkl it rzsit j zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij vqjt ij ufqrf Htxyf Wnhf, vzj l t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij fgfhfcn Wjucgqnhf Itrnsnhfsf, vzj l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij rfrft j fgfhfyj, j zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx ij hfhfz. T Rlcnht l t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij fgfhfyj, zr itx hnsht uwnshnufnx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij unrjsyf, qnrft, qfwfsof, rfslf, rfrft, rtwfslt, ytwfsof, fgvgtwf j fxufwltx, j zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij hfsf-ij-fjchfw, rnqmt, xtwlt, kjnoft, ytrfyj, htht, fgfhfcn, rjqft j rnwynqt. T Gwfxnq l t rfntw jcutwyfitw rzsinfq ij hfwsj ij kwfslt 3,77 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx jr 2019. T ufpx l itst it xjlzsit wjgfsmt it rfntw wjgfsmt gtanst it rzsit, 22,2 it wjgfsmt rzsinfq. T ufpx ktn t xjlzsit rfntw uwtizytw ij hfwsj gtansf jr 2019, wjxutsxdajq utw 15,4 if uwtizjft rzsinfq. Ktn yfrglr t yjwhjnwt rfntw uwtizytw ij qjnyj it rzsit jr 2018. Jxyj fst t ufpx uwtizenz 35,1 gnqmxjx ij qnywtx. Jr 2019, t Gwfxnq jwf t 4 rfntw uwtizytw ij hfwsj ij utwht it rzsit, htr vzfxj 4 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx. Jr 2018, f Fwljsynsf jwf t vzfwyt rfntw uwtizytw ij hfwsj gtansf it rzsit, htr zrf uwtizjft ij 3 rnqmxjx ij ytsjqfifx fywdx fujsfx itx Jxyfitx Zsnitx, Gwfxnq j Hmnsf . T Zwzlzfn yfrglr l zr lwfsij uwtizytw ij hfwsj gtansf. Jr 2018, uwtizenz 589 rnq ytsjqfifx. Sf uwtizjft ij hfwsj ij kwfslt, t Rlcnht jxyd jsywj tx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit, f Fwljsynsf jsywj tx 15 rfntwjx j Ujwz j Htqwrgnf jsywj tx 20 rfntwjx. Sf uwtizjft ij hfwsj gtansf, t Rlcnht l zr itx 10 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit j f Htqwrgnf zr itx 20 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx. Sf uwtizjft ij xzpstx, t Rlcnht jxyd jsywj tx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit. Sf uwtizjft ij rjq, f Fwljsynsf jxyd jsywj tx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit, t Rlcnht jsywj tx 10 rfntwjx j t Gwfxnq jsywj tx 15 rfntwjx. Jr yjwrtx ij uwtizjft ij qjnyj ij afhf, t Rlcnht jxyd jsywj tx 15 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit j f Fwljsynsf jsywj tx 20. Sf uwtizjft ij ujywvqjt, t Gwfxnq ktn t 10 rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij ujywvqjt jr 2019, htr 2,8 rnqmxjx ij gfwwnx inf. T Rlcnht ktn t 12 rfntw uwtizytw, htr 2,1 rnqmxjx ij gfwwnx inf. F Htqwrgnf ansmf jr 22 qzlfw htr 886 rnq gfwwnx inf, f Ajsjezjqf jr 23 qzlfw htr 877 rnq gfwwnx inf, t Jvzfitw jr 28 htr 531 rnq gfwwnx inf j f Fwljsynsf jr 29 htr 507 rnq gfwwnx inf. Htrt f Ajsjezjqf j t Jvzfitw htsxtrjr utzht ujywvqjt j jcutwyfr f rfntw ufwyj ij xzf uwtizjft, jqjx kfejr ufwyj if TUJU. F Ajsjezjqf wjlnxywtz zrf vzjif fhjsyzfif sf uwtizjft fuvx 2015 tsij uwtizenz 2,5 rnqmxjx ij gfwwnx inf , hfnsit jr 2016 ufwf 2,2 rnqmxjx, jr 2017 ufwf 2 rnqmxjx, jr 2018 ufwf 1,4 rnqmxjx j jr 2019 ufwf 877 rnq, utw kfqyf ij nsajxynrjsytx. Sf uwtizjft ij ldx sfyzwfq, jr 2018, f Fwljsynsf uwtizenz 1,524 ghk gnqmxjx ij ulx hcgnhtx , t Rlcnht 999, f Ajsjezjqf 946, Gwfxnq 877, Gtqpanf 617, Ujwz 451, Htqwrgnf 379. T Gwfxnq l t xjlzsit rfntw jcutwyfitw rzsinfq ij rnslwnt ij kjwwt, utxxzn 98 ifx wjxjwafx htsmjhnifx ij snvgnt st rzsit j l zr itx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij gfzcnyf, rfslfsmx j jxyfsmt, fqlr ij yjw uwtizjxjx htsxnijwdajnx ij htgwj, tzwt j spvzjq. T Hmnqj htsywngzn htr hjwhf ij zr yjwjt if uwtizjft rzsinfq ij htgwj. Jr 2018, t Ujwz jwf t xjlzsit rfntw uwtizytw ij uwfyf j htgwj it rzsit j t xjcyt uwtizytw ij tzwt tx 3 rjyfnx vzj rfnx ljwfr afqtw , gjr htrt jwf t yjwhjnwt rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij ensht j jxyfsmt j t vzfwyt ij hmzrgt. F Gtqpanf l t vznsyt rfntw uwtizytw ij jxyfsmt, t xlynrt uwtizytw ij uwfyf j t tnyfat uwtizytw ij ensht it rzsit. T Rlcnht l t rfntw uwtizytw ij uwfyf it rzsit, wjuwjxjsyfsit vzfxj 23 if uwtizjft rzsinfq, uwtizensit rfnx ij 200 rnqmxjx ij tsjfx jr 2019. Yfrglr utxxzn nrutwyfsyjx htgwj j ensht j uwtize zrf vzfsynifij xnlsnknhfynaf ij tzwt. Fhjwhf ifx ujiwfx uwjhntxfx, t Gwfxnq l t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq ij frjynxyf, ytudent, dlfyf j l zr itx uwnshnufnx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx ij yzwrfqnsf, jxrjwfqif, dlzf rfwnsmf, lwfsfif j tufqf. Yfrglr md uwtizjft htsxnijwdajq ij frjynxyf st Zwzlzfn j sf Gtqpanf. Sf uwtizjft ij jxrjwfqif, f Htqwrgnf l t rfntw uwtizytw rzsinfq. F Lznfsf l zr lwfsij uwtizytw ij infrfsyj.

Vrgzgluxsg jg ksvxkyg vkzxurkoxg skdoigtg VKSKD tu Murlu ju Smdoiu. G igkg, iusu hgyk kiutxsoig jk yuhxkbobntiog, m vxgzoigjg tg Gsmxoig yusktzk vux kyvgxyuy mxavuy otjqmktgy ks bog jk otzkmxgkgu. G vkyig, grms jk gzobojgjk kiutxsoig jk bgrux xkmoutgr vgxg zujuy uy vgqyky wak gvxkyktzgs kdzktyyky rozuxftkgy, zks kyvkiogr osvuxzftiog vgxg u Vkxa, sgoux kdvuxzgjux jk vkyigju jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg, kshuxg u Inork ykpg u sgoux vxujazux. U kdzxgzoboysu bkmkzgr gvgxkik yksvxk iusu gzobojgjk iusvrksktzgx jg gmxoiarzaxg k jg vkiaexog, skxkiktju jkyzgwak g kdzxgkgu ju rezkd jg ykxotmakoxg, ks zujg g Lruxkyzg Gsgfxtoig Hxgyor, Iurxshog, Vkxa k Hurqbog ju wakhxginu, tu Vgtzgtgr Gxmktzotg, Vgxgmago k Hxgyor jk sgjkoxg, ks wagyk zujg g Gsmxoig Iktzxgr, Hxgyor k Inork k gotjg jk hghgka k igxtgdhg, tu Hxgyor. U kdzxgzoboysu sotkxgr zks iutyojkxebkr osvuxzftiog ks vxgzoigsktzk zujuy uy vgqyky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy, gotjg wak saozgy bkfky g kdvruxgkgu ykpg xkgrofgjg mxgkgy g igvozgoy kyzxgtmkoxuy. Tg kdzxgkgu ju vkzxwrku, vuyyaks mxgtjk jkyzgwak Smdoiu, Bktkfakrg, Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg, Iurxshog k Kwagjux. U Hxgyor m u ykmatju vxujazux satjogr jk lkxxu u Inork, u Vkxa, yktju u Inork u sgoux vxujazux ju satju u Hxgyor m as juy iotiu sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk sgtmgtny, grms jk mxgtjk vxujazux jk kyzgtnu, sotmxou ju wagr g Hurqbog m mxgtjk kdvuxzgjuxg. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg jkyzgig-yk gotjg vux yag vxujakgu jk inashu Vkxa k Smdoiu , tqwakr Iahg , vxgzg Smdoiu k Vkxa , fotiu Vkxa , hgadozg Hxgyor k Bktkfakrg k vrgzotg Iurxshog . G Gsmxoig Rgzotg, wak otirao kyyktiogrsktzk vgqyky yahjkyktburbojuy, jk sgtkoxg mkxgr m vuaiu otjayzxogrofgjg, loigtju yag kiutusog yahuxjotgjg d gmxuvkiaexog k d sotkxgkgu. Skysu ius kyyg jkvktjntiog gmxqiurg, g sgoux vgxzk jk yagy zkxxgy m iarzobgjg jk luxsg kdzktyobg k vuyyao as xkjafoju VOH vkx igvozg. Ks saozuy vgqyky, g gzobojgjk gmxqiurg gotjg yk jkyktburbk ykmatju uy surjky ju vkxquju iurutogr mxgtjky vxuvxokjgjky, vkxzktiktzky g vuaigy lgsqrogy, iapg vxujakgu yk jkyzotg wagyk otzkmxgrsktzk gu skxigju kdzkxtu. Jkboju vxotiovgrsktzk d iutiktzxgkgu jgy zkxxgy sgoy lmxzkoy tgy sguy jk vuaiuy vxuvxokzexouy k gu mxgtjk tdskxu jk gmxoiarzuxky yks zkxxgy vgxg iarzobgx, yaxmoxgs tkyygy exkgy saozuy iutlrozuy latjoexouy, u wak uxomotua vxupkzuy jk xkluxsg gmxexog wak boygs d joyzxohaokgu sgoy omagrozexog jg zkxxg, ks vgqyky iusu Smdoiu, Hurqbog, Inork, Vkxa k Iahg. Inawaoigsgzg, g sgoux sotg g ima ghkxzu ju satju, vxwdosg d iojgjk jk Igrgsg, tu Inork. Iurnkozgjkoxg ks asg vrgtzgkgu jk gxxuf ks Ygtzg Igzgxotg. U Hxgyor m u zkxikoxu sgoux kdvuxzgjux jk vxujazuy gmxqiurgy ju satju. Ks zujuy uy vgqyky jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg m vuyyqbkr ojktzoloigx hgyoigsktzk juoy zovuy jk gmxoiarzaxg g jk yahyoyzntiog, vxgzoigjg ius u ayu jk zmitoigy vxosozobgy, k g jk igxezkx iuskxiogr, ks mkxgr sutuiarzaxgy xkgrofgjgy ks mxgtjky kdzktyyky jk zkxxg k, ius lxkwantiog, jkvktjktzky jk otbkyzosktzuy kyzxgtmkoxuy. Iusu kdksvruy igxgizkxqyzoiuy jkyyk yoyzksg, vujksuy iozgx u iglm, xkyvutyebkr vux asg vgxzk yahyzgtiogr jgy xktjgy jk kdvuxzgkgu jg Iurxshog, Iuyzg Xoig, Magzksgrg k Kr Ygrbgjux, k g hgtgtg, ius omagr osvuxzftiog vgxg u Vgtgse k Nutjaxgy, grms jk uazxuy vxujazuy jk sktux kdvxkyygu. G vkiaexog, gzobojgjk jk mxgtjk jkyzgwak tg Gsmxoig Rgzotg, m vxgzoigjg ks zujuy uy vgqyky, gotjg wak jk luxsgy jolkxktzky. G vkiaexog kdzktyobg m xkgrofgjg ks mxgtjky vxuvxokjgjky k yks u ksvxkmu jk zmitoigy kyvkiogoy pe tg otzktyobg, azorofgs-yk zmitoigy jk ykrkkgu ju vrgtzou, oyzu m, gtosgoy jk hug xgkg, k iarzobgs-yk vgyzgmkty. Uy xkhgtnuy sgoy taskxuyuy tg Gsmxoig rgzotg, vkrg uxjks, ygu uy jk hubotuy, yaqtuy k ubotuy. Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg k Smdoiu ygu uy vgqyky wak vuyyaks g sgoux wagtzojgjk jk ighkkgy jk mgju. Yomtoloigzobg vgxzk ju jkyktburbosktzu jg gmxuvkiaexog jk grmaty vgqyky, kyvkiogrsktzk Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg k Axamago, jkbk-yk dy iuuvkxgzobgy gmxuvkiaexogy jkyyky vgqyky, uxmgtofgjgy g vgxzox ju otqiou ju Ymiaru DD. Nupk krgy jkzms yomtoloig vgxikrg jg kiutusog gmxuvkiaexog k ygu xkyvutyebkoy vkrg uxmgtofgkgu jg vxujakgu, vkrg gxsgfktgmks, vxuikyygsktzu k iuskxiogrofgkgu jk saozuy vxujazuy, kyvkiogrsktzk rkozk, yaqtuy, gbky, yupg, sornu, zxomu, gxxuf k grmujgu, ktzxk uazxuy. Gy iuuvkxgzobgy burzgjgy d vxujakgu jk mxguy, g vgxzox jg jmigjg jk 1970, vgyygxgs g otbkyzox tu vxuikyygsktzu jg vxujakgu, otoiogrsktzk tu kysgmgsktzu jg yupg vgxg vxujakgu jk wrku jkmusgju, jkvuoy tu yka xklotu k, sgoy zgxjk, tg vxujakgu jk vxujazuy jkyzotgjuy gu bgxkpu, iusu wrku iuskyzqbkr, sgxmgxotgy, sgoutkyky k uazxuy. Gy iuuvkxgzobgy zgshms otbkyzoxgs vkygjgsktzk tg uxmgtofgkgu jg vxujakgu jk gbky k yaqtuy, tu yka vxuikyygsktzu k iuskxiogrofgkgu tuy skxigjuy otzkxtu k kdzkxtu. G iutykwantiog jkyyg gzagkgu luo g gsvrogkgu jg vxujakgu, u ktxowakiosktzu jgy iusatojgjky ju otzkxoux k g gmxkmgkgu jk bgrux d vxujakgu. U sgoy osvuxzgtzk jk zaju, tu ktzgtzu, m wak kyyg gzagkgu jgy iuuvkxgzobgy vxuvoioua g iutzqtag k ixkyiktzk rohkxzgkgu juy gmxoiarzuxky gyyuiogjuy ju pamu jg otzkxskjogkgu tg iuskxiogrofgkgu jg vxujakgu. Kshuxg u yoyzksg iuuvkxgzoboyzg zktng bobktiogju, zgshms, ixoyky jk bexogy iuuvkxgzobgy ks bexouy kyzgjuy, vux xgfyky gy sgoy jobkxygy, uy hktklqiouy jgy iuuvkxgzobgy yuhxkbobktzk ygu otlotozgsktzk sgouxky ju wak uy vxuhrksgy wak gzxgbkyygxgs. Tu Hxgyor, gy iuuvkxgzobgy gmxuvkiaexogy kyzgu sgoy vxkyktzky tuy kyzgjuy ju Xou Mxgtjk ju Yar, Ygtzg Igzgxotg, Vgxgte, Ygu Vgaru, Sgzu Mxuyyu, Sgzu Mxuyyu ju Yar k Muoey, wak ygu gy vxotiovgoy xkmoyky gmxqiurgy. Vrgtzgkgu jk yupg tu Sgzu Mxuyyu. Ks 2020, u Hxgyor kxg u sgoux vxujazux satjogr, ius 130 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf skzgjk jg yupg ju satju. Ygu Vgaru. Ks 2018, u Hxgyor kxg u sgoux vxujazux satjogr, ius 746 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf sgoy jg skzgjk jg igtg-jk-gkdigx ju satju. Ygu Vgaru. Ks 2018, u Hxgyor kxg u sgoux vxujazux satjogr, ius 17 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf 30 jgy rgxgtpgy ju satju. Iglm ks Sotgy Mkxgoy. Ks 2018, u Hxgyor kxg u sgoux vxujazux satjogr, ius 3,5 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf skzgjk ju iglm ju satju. Sornu ks Juaxgjuy. Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg k Smdoiu kyzgu ktzxk uy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy Vrgtzgkgu jk abgy tg Gxmktzotg. G Gxmktzotg k u Inork kyzgu ktzxk uy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk abgy k botnu ju satju, k u Hxgyor kyze ktzxk uy 20 sgouxky Ghgigdo ks Bkxgixaf, Smdoiu. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf 35 ju ghgigdo satjogr Ixogkgu jk ygrsgu tu Inork. As zkxku jk zuju u ygrsgu bktjoju tu satju bks ju vgqy Igsotngu jk asg ksvxkyg jk igxtky tu Hxgyor. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg vxujaf 25 jg igxtk hubotg k jk lxgtmu ju satju Sotg jk gskzoyzg ks Gskzoyzg ju Yar. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg m as mxgtjk vxujazux jk mksgy iusu gskzoyzg, zuvefou, kyskxgrjg, emag-sgxotng k zaxsgrotg. Uy wagzxu vgqyky ius g sgoux gmxoiarzaxg tg Gsmxoig ju Yar ygu Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg, Inork k Iurxshog U Hxgyor m u sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk igtg-jk-gkdigx, yupg, iglm, rgxgtpg, magxgte, gkgq k igyzgtng ju vgxe m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk sornu, sgsgu, zghgiu, ghgigdo, hgtgtg, grmujgu, lkopgu, iuiu, skrgtiog k rosgu k m as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk igiga, igpa, ghgigzk, igwao, sgtmg, muoghg, zgtmkxotg, gxxuf, yuxmu k zusgzk. Zgshms kyze ktzxk uy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk abg, sgkg, skrgu, gsktjuos, lomu, vnyykmu, ikhurg, huxxging tgzaxgr k gfkozk jk jktjn G Gxmktzotg m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk yupg, sornu, moxgyyur, rosgu k vnxg, as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk ikbgjg, abg, griginulxg, zghgiu k grmujgu k as juy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk zxomu, igtg-jk-gkdigx, yuxmu k zuxgtpg U Inork m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk ikxkpg k ixgthkxxe k as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk abg, sgkg, qoco, vnyykmu, gskodg k gbkrg, ius luiu tg kdvuxzgkgu jk lxazgy jk grzu bgrux G Iurxshog m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk iglm, ghgigzk k wrku jk vgrsg, k as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk igtg-jk-gkdigx, hgtgtg, ghgigdo k igiga Vkxa m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk ghgigzk, soxzoru, griginulxg k gyvgxmuy, as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk iglm k igiga, as juy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk hgzgzgy k ghgigdo, k zgshms zks asg vxujakgu yomtoloigzobg jk abg, igtg-jk-gkdigx, gxxuf, hgtgtg, sornu k sgtjouig yag gmxoiarzaxg m tuzgbkrsktzk jobkxyoloigjg G gmxoiarzaxg ju Vgxgmago kyze ks jkyktburbosktzu, yktju gzagrsktzk u ykdzu sgoux vxujazux jk yupg ju satju k ktzxgtju tg royzg juy 20 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk sornu k igtg ju gkdigx. Tg Gsmxoig Iktzxgr, jkyzgigs-yk Magzksgrg, as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk iglm, igtg-jk-gkdigx, skrgu k huxxging tgzaxgr, k as juy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk hgtgtg k wrku jk vgrsg tu satju Nutjaxgy, wak m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk iglm ju satju k as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk wrku jk vgrsg Iuyzg Xoig, wak m u sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk ghgigdo Xkvdhroig Jusotoigtg, wak m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk sgsgu k ghgigzk, k as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky jk igiga. U Smdoiu m u sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk ghgigzk, as juy iotiu vxotiovgoy vxujazuxky satjogoy jk vosktzg, rosgu, rgxgtpg, sgtmg, sgsgu, suxgtmu, zuxgtpg, ghwhuxg k gyvgxmuy, k as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk igtg-jk-gkdigx, sornu, yuxmu, lkopgu, zusgzk, iuiu, ghgigdo, skrgu k soxzoru. U Hxgyor m u sgoux kdvuxzgjux satjogr jk igxtk jk lxgtmu 3,77 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy ks 2019. U vgqy m jutu ju ykmatju xkhgtnu ju sgoux xkhgtnu hubotu ju satju, 22,2 ju xkhgtnu satjogr. U vgqy luo u ykmatju sgoux vxujazux jk igxtk hubotg ks 2019, xkyvutyebkr vux 15,4 jg vxujakgu satjogr. Luo zgshms u zkxikoxu sgoux vxujazux jk rkozk ju satju ks 2018. Kyzk gtu u vgqy vxujafoa 35,1 hornyky jk rozxuy. Ks 2019, u Hxgyor kxg u 4 sgoux vxujazux jk igxtk jk vuxiu ju satju, ius wagyk 4 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy. Ks 2018, g Gxmktzotg kxg u wagxzu sgoux vxujazux jk igxtk hubotg ju satju, ius asg vxujakgu jk 3 sornyky jk zutkrgjgy gzxey gvktgy juy Kyzgjuy Atojuy, Hxgyor k Inotg . U Axamago zgshms m as mxgtjk vxujazux jk igxtk hubotg. Ks 2018, vxujafoa 589 sor zutkrgjgy. Tg vxujakgu jk igxtk jk lxgtmu, u Smdoiu kyze ktzxk uy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju, g Gxmktzotg ktzxk uy 15 sgouxky k Vkxa k Iurxshog ktzxk uy 20 sgouxky. Tg vxujakgu jk igxtk hubotg, u Smdoiu m as juy 10 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju k g Iurxshog as juy 20 sgouxky vxujazuxky. Tg vxujakgu jk yaqtuy, u Smdoiu kyze ktzxk uy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju. Tg vxujakgu jk skr, g Gxmktzotg kyze ktzxk uy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju, u Smdoiu ktzxk uy 10 sgouxky k u Hxgyor ktzxk uy 15 sgouxky. Ks zkxsuy jk vxujakgu jk rkozk jk bgig, u Smdoiu kyze ktzxk uy 15 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju k g Gxmktzotg ktzxk uy 20. Tg vxujakgu jk vkzxwrku, u Hxgyor luo u 10 sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk vkzxwrku ks 2019, ius 2,8 sornyky jk hgxxoy jog. U Smdoiu luo u 12 sgoux vxujazux, ius 2,1 sornyky jk hgxxoy jog. G Iurxshog botng ks 22 ramgx ius 886 sor hgxxoy jog, g Bktkfakrg ks 23 ramgx ius 877 sor hgxxoy jog, u Kwagjux ks 28 ius 531 sor hgxxoy jog k g Gxmktzotg ks 29 ius 507 sor hgxxoy jog. Iusu g Bktkfakrg k u Kwagjux iutyusks vuaiu vkzxwrku k kdvuxzgs g sgoux vgxzk jk yag vxujakgu, krky lgfks vgxzk jg UVKV. G Bktkfakrg xkmoyzxua asg wakjg giktzagjg tg vxujakgu gvwy 2015 utjk vxujafoa 2,5 sornyky jk hgxxoy jog , igotju ks 2016 vgxg 2,2 sornyky, ks 2017 vgxg 2 sornyky, ks 2018 vgxg 1,4 sornyky k ks 2019 vgxg 877 sor, vux lgrzg jk otbkyzosktzuy. Tg vxujakgu jk mey tgzaxgr, ks 2018, g Gxmktzotg vxujafoa 1,524 hil hornyky jk vmy idhoiuy , u Smdoiu 999, g Bktkfakrg 946, Hxgyor 877, Hurqbog 617, Vkxa 451, Iurxshog 379. U Hxgyor m u ykmatju sgoux kdvuxzgjux satjogr jk sotmxou jk lkxxu, vuyyao 98 jgy xkykxbgy iutnkiojgy jk towhou tu satju k m as juy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky satjogoy jk hgadozg, sgtmgtny k kyzgtnu, grms jk zkx vxujakyky iutyojkxebkoy jk iuhxk, uaxu k tqwakr. U Inork iutzxohao ius ikxig jk as zkxku jg vxujakgu satjogr jk iuhxk. Ks 2018, u Vkxa kxg u ykmatju sgoux vxujazux jk vxgzg k iuhxk ju satju k u ykdzu vxujazux jk uaxu uy 3 skzgoy wak sgoy mkxgs bgrux , hks iusu kxg u zkxikoxu sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk fotiu k kyzgtnu k u wagxzu jk inashu. G Hurqbog m u waotzu sgoux vxujazux jk kyzgtnu, u ymzosu vxujazux jk vxgzg k u uozgbu vxujazux jk fotiu ju satju. U Smdoiu m u sgoux vxujazux jk vxgzg ju satju, xkvxkyktzgtju wagyk 23 jg vxujakgu satjogr, vxujafotju sgoy jk 200 sornyky jk utkgy ks 2019. Zgshms vuyyao osvuxzgtzky iuhxk k fotiu k vxujaf asg wagtzojgjk yomtoloigzobg jk uaxu. Gikxig jgy vkjxgy vxkiouygy, u Hxgyor m u sgoux vxujazux satjogr jk gskzoyzg, zuvefou, emgzg k m as juy vxotiovgoy vxujazuxky satjogoy jk zaxsgrotg, kyskxgrjg, emag sgxotng, mxgtgjg k uvgrg. Zgshms ne vxujakgu iutyojkxebkr jk gskzoyzg tu Axamago k tg Hurqbog. Tg vxujakgu jk kyskxgrjg, g Iurxshog m u sgoux vxujazux satjogr. G Maogtg m as mxgtjk vxujazux jk jogsgtzk.

Wshahmvyth kh ltwylzh wlayvslpyh tlepjhuh WLTLE uv Nvsmv kv Tnepjv. H jhlh, jvtv ihzl ljvuytpjh kl zviylcpcoujph, n wyhapjhkh uh Htnypjh zvtlual wvy lzwhyzvz nybwvz pukrnluhz lt cph kl pualnyhlhv. H wlzjh, hsnt kl hapcpkhkl ljvuytpjh kl chsvy ylnpvuhs whyh avkvz vz whrzlz xbl hwylzluaht lealuzzlz spavygulhz, alt lzwljphs ptwvyagujph whyh v Wlyb, thpvy lewvyahkvy kl wlzjhkv kh Htnypjh Shapuh, ltivyh v Jopsl zlqh v thpvy wyvkbavy. V leayhapcpztv clnlahs hwhyljl zltwyl jvtv hapcpkhkl jvtwsltluahy kh hnypjbsabyh l kh wljbfyph, tlyljlukv klzahxbl h leayhlhv kv sfale kh zlypunblpyh, lt avkh h Msvylzah Hthgyupjh Iyhzps, Jvsytiph, Wlyb l Ivsrcph kv xbliyhjov, uv Whuahuhs Hynluapuh, Whyhnbhp l Iyhzps kl thklpyh, lt xbhzl avkh h Htnypjh Jluayhs, Iyhzps l Jopsl l hpukh kl ihihlb l jhyuheih, uv Iyhzps. V leayhapcpztv tpulyhs alt jvuzpklyfcls ptwvyagujph lt wyhapjhtlual avkvz vz whrzlz shapuv-htlypjhuvz, hpukh xbl tbpahz clglz h lewsvyhlhv zlqh ylhspghkh nyhlhz h jhwpahpz lzayhunlpyvz. Uh leayhlhv kv wlayxslv, wvzzblt nyhukl klzahxbl Tnepjv, Clulgblsh, Iyhzps, Hynluapuh, Jvsytiph l Lxbhkvy. V Iyhzps n v zlnbukv wyvkbavy tbukphs kl mlyyv v Jopsl, v Wlyb, zlukv v Jopsl v thpvy wyvkbavy kv tbukv v Iyhzps n bt kvz jpujv thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl thunhuoz, hsnt kl nyhukl wyvkbavy kl lzahuov, tpunypv kv xbhs h Ivsrcph n nyhukl lewvyahkvyh. H Htnypjh Shapuh klzahjh-zl hpukh wvy zbh wyvkblhv kl jobtiv Wlyb l Tnepjv , urxbls Jbih , wyhah Tnepjv l Wlyb , gpujv Wlyb , ihbepah Iyhzps l Clulgblsh l wshapuh Jvsytiph . H Htnypjh Shapuh, xbl pujsbp lzzlujphstlual whrzlz zbiklzlucvscpkvz, kl thulpyh nlyhs n wvbjv pukbzayphspghkh, mpjhukv zbh ljvuvtph zbivykpuhkh e hnyvwljbfyph l e tpulyhlhv. Tlztv jvt lzzh klwlukoujph hnyrjvsh, h thpvy whyal kl zbhz alyyhz n jbsapchkh kl mvyth lealuzpch l wvzzbp bt ylkbgpkv WPI wly jhwpah. Lt tbpavz whrzlz, h hapcpkhkl hnyrjvsh hpukh zl klzlucvscl zlnbukv vz tvsklz kv wlyrvkv jvsvuphs nyhuklz wyvwyplkhklz, wlyalujlualz h wvbjhz mhtrsphz, jbqh wyvkblhv zl klzapuh xbhzl pualnyhstlual hv tlyjhkv lealyuv. Klcpkv wypujpwhstlual e jvujluayhlhv khz alyyhz thpz mnyalpz uhz thvz kl wvbjvz wyvwyplafypvz l hv nyhukl uetlyv kl hnypjbsavylz zlt alyyhz whyh jbsapchy, zbynpyht ulzzhz fylhz tbpavz jvumspavz mbukpfypvz, v xbl vypnpuvb wyvqlavz kl ylmvyth hnyfyph xbl cpzht e kpzaypibplhv thpz pnbhspafyph kh alyyh, lt whrzlz jvtv Tnepjv, Ivsrcph, Jopsl, Wlyb l Jbih. Jobxbpjhthah, h thpvy tpuh h jnb hilyav kv tbukv, wyxepth e jpkhkl kl Jhshth, uv Jopsl. Jvsolpahklpyh lt bth wshuahlhv kl hyyvg lt Zhuah Jhahypuh. V Iyhzps n v alyjlpyv thpvy lewvyahkvy kl wyvkbavz hnyrjvshz kv tbukv. Lt avkvz vz whrzlz kh Htnypjh Shapuh n wvzzrcls pkluapmpjhy ihzpjhtlual kvpz apwvz kl hnypjbsabyh h kl zbizpzaoujph, wyhapjhkh jvt v bzv kl anjupjhz wyptpapchz, l h kl jhyfaly jvtlyjphs, lt nlyhs tvuvjbsabyhz ylhspghkhz lt nyhuklz lealuzzlz kl alyyh l, jvt mylxboujph, klwluklualz kl puclzaptluavz lzayhunlpyvz. Jvtv leltwsvz jhyhjalyrzapjvz klzzl zpzalth, wvkltvz jpahy v jhmn, ylzwvuzfcls wvy bth whyal zbizahujphs khz ylukhz kl lewvyahlhv kh Jvsytiph, Jvzah Ypjh, Nbhalthsh l Ls Zhschkvy, l h ihuhuh, jvt pnbhs ptwvyagujph whyh v Whuhtf l Ovukbyhz, hsnt kl vbayvz wyvkbavz kl tluvy lewylzzhv. H wljbfyph, hapcpkhkl kl nyhukl klzahxbl uh Htnypjh Shapuh, n wyhapjhkh lt avkvz vz whrzlz, hpukh xbl kl mvythz kpmlylualz. H wljbfyph lealuzpch n ylhspghkh lt nyhuklz wyvwyplkhklz l zlt v ltwylnv kl anjupjhz lzwljphpz qf uh pualuzpch, bapspght-zl anjupjhz kl zlsllhv kv wshuapv, pzav n, hupthpz kl ivh yhlh, l jbsapcht-zl whzahnluz. Vz ylihuovz thpz ubtlyvzvz uh Htnypjh shapuh, wlsh vyklt, zhv vz kl ivcpuvz, zbruvz l vcpuvz. Iyhzps, Hynluapuh l Tnepjv zhv vz whrzlz xbl wvzzblt h thpvy xbhuapkhkl kl jhillhz kl nhkv. Zpnupmpjhapch whyal kv klzlucvscptluav kh hnyvwljbfyph kl hsnbuz whrzlz, lzwljphstlual Iyhzps, Hynluapuh l Bybnbhp, klcl-zl ez jvvwlyhapchz hnyvwljbfyphz klzzlz whrzlz, vynhupghkhz h whyapy kv purjpv kv Znjbsv EE. Ovql lshz klant zpnupmpjh whyjlsh kh ljvuvtph hnyvwljbfyph l zhv ylzwvuzfclpz wlsh vynhupghlhv kh wyvkblhv, wlsh hythgluhnlt, wyvjlzzhtluav l jvtlyjphspghlhv kl tbpavz wyvkbavz, lzwljphstlual slpal, zbruvz, hclz, zvqh, tpsov, aypnv, hyyvg l hsnvkhv, luayl vbayvz. Hz jvvwlyhapchz cvsahkhz e wyvkblhv kl nyhvz, h whyapy kh knjhkh kl 1970, whzzhyht h puclzapy uv wyvjlzzhtluav kh wyvkblhv, pupjphstlual uv lzthnhtluav kh zvqh whyh wyvkblhv kl xslv klnvthkv, klwvpz uv zlb ylmpuv l, thpz ahykl, uh wyvkblhv kl wyvkbavz klzapuhkvz hv chylqv, jvtv xslv jvtlzarcls, thynhypuhz, thpvulzlz l vbayvz. Hz jvvwlyhapchz ahtint puclzapyht wlzhkhtlual uh vynhupghlhv kh wyvkblhv kl hclz l zbruvz, uv zlb wyvjlzzhtluav l jvtlyjphspghlhv uvz tlyjhkvz pualyuv l lealyuv. H jvuzlxboujph klzzh habhlhv mvp h htwsphlhv kh wyvkblhv, v luypxbljptluav khz jvtbupkhklz kv pualypvy l h hnylnhlhv kl chsvy e wyvkblhv. V thpz ptwvyahual kl abkv, uv luahuav, n xbl lzzh habhlhv khz jvvwlyhapchz wyvwpjpvb h jvuarubh l jylzjlual spilyahlhv kvz hnypjbsavylz hzzvjphkvz kv qbnv kh pualytlkphlhv uh jvtlyjphspghlhv kh wyvkblhv. Ltivyh v zpzalth jvvwlyhapcpzah aluoh cpclujphkv, ahtint, jypzlz kl cfyphz jvvwlyhapchz lt cfypvz lzahkvz, wvy yhgzlz hz thpz kpclyzhz, vz ilulmrjpvz khz jvvwlyhapchz zviylcpclual zhv pumpupahtlual thpvylz kv xbl vz wyvislthz xbl hayhclzzhyht. Uv Iyhzps, hz jvvwlyhapchz hnyvwljbfyphz lzahv thpz wylzlualz uvz lzahkvz kv Ypv Nyhukl kv Zbs, Zhuah Jhahypuh, Whyhuf, Zhv Whbsv, Thav Nyvzzv, Thav Nyvzzv kv Zbs l Nvpfz, xbl zhv hz wypujpwhpz ylnpzlz hnyrjvshz. Wshuahlhv kl zvqh uv Thav Nyvzzv. Lt 2020, v Iyhzps lyh v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs, jvt 130 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg tlahkl kh zvqh kv tbukv. Zhv Whbsv. Lt 2018, v Iyhzps lyh v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs, jvt 746 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg thpz kh tlahkl kh jhuh-kl-hlejhy kv tbukv. Zhv Whbsv. Lt 2018, v Iyhzps lyh v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs, jvt 17 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg 30 khz shyhuqhz kv tbukv. Jhmn lt Tpuhz Nlyhpz. Lt 2018, v Iyhzps lyh v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs, jvt 3,5 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg tlahkl kv jhmn kv tbukv. Tpsov lt Kvbyhkvz. Iyhzps, Hynluapuh l Tnepjv lzahv luayl vz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz Wshuahlhv kl bchz uh Hynluapuh. H Hynluapuh l v Jopsl lzahv luayl vz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl bchz l cpuov kv tbukv, l v Iyhzps lzaf luayl vz 20 thpvylz Hihjhep lt Clyhjybg, Tnepjv. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg 35 kv hihjhep tbukphs Jyphlhv kl zhsthv uv Jopsl. Bt alylv kl avkv v zhsthv clukpkv uv tbukv clt kv whrz Jhtpuohv kl bth ltwylzh kl jhyulz uv Iyhzps. H Htnypjh Shapuh wyvkbg 25 kh jhyul ivcpuh l kl myhunv kv tbukv Tpuh kl htlapzah lt Htlapzah kv Zbs. H Htnypjh Shapuh n bt nyhukl wyvkbavy kl nlthz jvtv htlapzah, avwfgpv, lztlyhskh, fnbh-thypuoh l abythspuh. Vz xbhayv whrzlz jvt h thpvy hnypjbsabyh uh Htnypjh kv Zbs zhv Iyhzps, Hynluapuh, Jopsl l Jvsytiph V Iyhzps n v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl jhuh-kl-hlejhy, zvqh, jhmn, shyhuqh, nbhyhuf, hlhr l jhzahuoh kv whyf n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl tpsov, ththv, ahihjv, hihjhep, ihuhuh, hsnvkhv, mlpqhv, jvjv, tlshujph l spthv l n bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhjhb, jhqb, hihjhal, jhxbp, thunh, nvphih, ahunlypuh, hyyvg, zvynv l avthal. Ahtint lzaf luayl vz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl bch, thlh, tlshv, htlukvpt, mpnv, wozzlnv, jlivsh, ivyyhjoh uhabyhs l hglpal kl kluko H Hynluapuh n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl zvqh, tpsov, npyhzzvs, spthv l woyh, bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jlchkh, bch, hsjhjovmyh, ahihjv l hsnvkhv l bt kvz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl aypnv, jhuh-kl-hlejhy, zvynv l avyhuqh V Jopsl n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jlylqh l jyhuilyyf l bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl bch, thlh, rpdp, wozzlnv, htlpeh l hclsh, jvt mvjv uh lewvyahlhv kl mybahz kl hsav chsvy H Jvsytiph n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhmn, hihjhal l xslv kl whsth, l bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhuh-kl-hlejhy, ihuhuh, hihjhep l jhjhb Wlyb n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl hihjhal, tpyapsv, hsjhjovmyh l hzwhynvz, bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhmn l jhjhb, bt kvz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl ihahahz l hihjhep, l ahtint alt bth wyvkblhv zpnupmpjhapch kl bch, jhuh-kl-hlejhy, hyyvg, ihuhuh, tpsov l thukpvjh zbh hnypjbsabyh n uvahclstlual kpclyzpmpjhkh H hnypjbsabyh kv Whyhnbhp lzaf lt klzlucvscptluav, zlukv habhstlual v zleav thpvy wyvkbavy kl zvqh kv tbukv l luayhukv uh spzah kvz 20 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl tpsov l jhuh kv hlejhy. Uh Htnypjh Jluayhs, klzahjht-zl Nbhalthsh, bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhmn, jhuh-kl-hlejhy, tlshv l ivyyhjoh uhabyhs, l bt kvz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl ihuhuh l xslv kl whsth uv tbukv Ovukbyhz, xbl n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl jhmn kv tbukv l bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl xslv kl whsth Jvzah Ypjh, xbl n v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl hihjhep Ylweispjh Kvtpupjhuh, xbl n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl ththv l hihjhal, l bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kl jhjhb. V Tnepjv n v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl hihjhal, bt kvz jpujv wypujpwhpz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl wptluah, spthv, shyhuqh, thunh, ththv, tvyhunv, avyhuqh, hixivyh l hzwhynvz, l bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl jhuh-kl-hlejhy, tpsov, zvynv, mlpqhv, avthal, jvjv, hihjhep, tlshv l tpyapsv. V Iyhzps n v thpvy lewvyahkvy tbukphs kl jhyul kl myhunv 3,77 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz lt 2019. V whrz n kvuv kv zlnbukv ylihuov kv thpvy ylihuov ivcpuv kv tbukv, 22,2 kv ylihuov tbukphs. V whrz mvp v zlnbukv thpvy wyvkbavy kl jhyul ivcpuh lt 2019, ylzwvuzfcls wvy 15,4 kh wyvkblhv tbukphs. Mvp ahtint v alyjlpyv thpvy wyvkbavy kl slpal kv tbukv lt 2018. Lzal huv v whrz wyvkbgpb 35,1 ipsozlz kl spayvz. Lt 2019, v Iyhzps lyh v 4 thpvy wyvkbavy kl jhyul kl wvyjv kv tbukv, jvt xbhzl 4 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz. Lt 2018, h Hynluapuh lyh v xbhyav thpvy wyvkbavy kl jhyul ivcpuh kv tbukv, jvt bth wyvkblhv kl 3 tpsozlz kl avulshkhz hayfz hwluhz kvz Lzahkvz Bupkvz, Iyhzps l Jopuh . V Bybnbhp ahtint n bt nyhukl wyvkbavy kl jhyul ivcpuh. Lt 2018, wyvkbgpb 589 tps avulshkhz. Uh wyvkblhv kl jhyul kl myhunv, v Tnepjv lzaf luayl vz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv, h Hynluapuh luayl vz 15 thpvylz l Wlyb l Jvsytiph luayl vz 20 thpvylz. Uh wyvkblhv kl jhyul ivcpuh, v Tnepjv n bt kvz 10 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv l h Jvsytiph bt kvz 20 thpvylz wyvkbavylz. Uh wyvkblhv kl zbruvz, v Tnepjv lzaf luayl vz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv. Uh wyvkblhv kl tls, h Hynluapuh lzaf luayl vz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv, v Tnepjv luayl vz 10 thpvylz l v Iyhzps luayl vz 15 thpvylz. Lt alytvz kl wyvkblhv kl slpal kl chjh, v Tnepjv lzaf luayl vz 15 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv l h Hynluapuh luayl vz 20. Uh wyvkblhv kl wlayxslv, v Iyhzps mvp v 10 thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl wlayxslv lt 2019, jvt 2,8 tpsozlz kl ihyypz kph. V Tnepjv mvp v 12 thpvy wyvkbavy, jvt 2,1 tpsozlz kl ihyypz kph. H Jvsytiph cpuoh lt 22 sbnhy jvt 886 tps ihyypz kph, h Clulgblsh lt 23 sbnhy jvt 877 tps ihyypz kph, v Lxbhkvy lt 28 jvt 531 tps ihyypz kph l h Hynluapuh lt 29 jvt 507 tps ihyypz kph. Jvtv h Clulgblsh l v Lxbhkvy jvuzvtlt wvbjv wlayxslv l lewvyaht h thpvy whyal kl zbh wyvkblhv, lslz mhglt whyal kh VWLW. H Clulgblsh ylnpzayvb bth xblkh hjluabhkh uh wyvkblhv hwxz 2015 vukl wyvkbgpb 2,5 tpsozlz kl ihyypz kph , jhpukv lt 2016 whyh 2,2 tpsozlz, lt 2017 whyh 2 tpsozlz, lt 2018 whyh 1,4 tpsozlz l lt 2019 whyh 877 tps, wvy mhsah kl puclzaptluavz. Uh wyvkblhv kl nfz uhabyhs, lt 2018, h Hynluapuh wyvkbgpb 1,524 ijm ipsozlz kl wnz jeipjvz , v Tnepjv 999, h Clulgblsh 946, Iyhzps 877, Ivsrcph 617, Wlyb 451, Jvsytiph 379. V Iyhzps n v zlnbukv thpvy lewvyahkvy tbukphs kl tpunypv kl mlyyv, wvzzbp 98 khz ylzlychz jvuoljpkhz kl upxipv uv tbukv l n bt kvz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl ihbepah, thunhuoz l lzahuov, hsnt kl aly wyvkblzlz jvuzpklyfclpz kl jviyl, vbyv l urxbls. V Jopsl jvuaypibp jvt jlyjh kl bt alylv kh wyvkblhv tbukphs kl jviyl. Lt 2018, v Wlyb lyh v zlnbukv thpvy wyvkbavy kl wyhah l jviyl kv tbukv l v zleav wyvkbavy kl vbyv vz 3 tlahpz xbl thpz nlyht chsvy , ilt jvtv lyh v alyjlpyv thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl gpujv l lzahuov l v xbhyav kl jobtiv. H Ivsrcph n v xbpuav thpvy wyvkbavy kl lzahuov, v znaptv wyvkbavy kl wyhah l v vpahcv wyvkbavy kl gpujv kv tbukv. V Tnepjv n v thpvy wyvkbavy kl wyhah kv tbukv, ylwylzluahukv xbhzl 23 kh wyvkblhv tbukphs, wyvkbgpukv thpz kl 200 tpsozlz kl vulhz lt 2019. Ahtint wvzzbp ptwvyahualz jviyl l gpujv l wyvkbg bth xbhuapkhkl zpnupmpjhapch kl vbyv. Hjlyjh khz wlkyhz wyljpvzhz, v Iyhzps n v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs kl htlapzah, avwfgpv, fnhah l n bt kvz wypujpwhpz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz kl abythspuh, lztlyhskh, fnbh thypuoh, nyhuhkh l vwhsh. Ahtint of wyvkblhv jvuzpklyfcls kl htlapzah uv Bybnbhp l uh Ivsrcph. Uh wyvkblhv kl lztlyhskh, h Jvsytiph n v thpvy wyvkbavy tbukphs. H Nbphuh n bt nyhukl wyvkbavy kl kphthual.

Xtibinwzui li muxzmai xmbzwtmqzi umfqkivi XMUMF vw Owtnw lw Uofqkw. I kimi, kwuw jiam mkwvzuqki lm awjzmdqdpvkqi, o xzibqkili vi Iuozqki awumvbm xwz maxizawa ozcxwa qvlsomvia mu dqi lm qvbmozimiw. I xmaki, itou lm ibqdqlilm mkwvzuqki lm ditwz zmoqwvit xizi bwlwa wa xisama ycm ixzmamvbiu mfbmvaama tqbwzhvmia, bmu maxmkqit quxwzbhvkqi xizi w Xmzc, uiqwz mfxwzbilwz lm xmakilw li Iuozqki Tibqvi, mujwzi w Kpqtm amri w uiqwz xzwlcbwz. W mfbzibqdqauw dmombit ixizmkm amuxzm kwuw ibqdqlilm kwuxtmumvbiz li iozqkctbczi m li xmkcgzqi, umzmkmvlw lmabiycm i mfbzimiw lw tgbmf li amzqvocmqzi, mu bwli i Ntwzmabi Iuihzvqki Jziaqt, Kwtzujqi, Xmzc m Jwtsdqi lw ycmjzikpw, vw Xivbivit Izomvbqvi, Xiziociq m Jziaqt lm uilmqzi, mu yciam bwli i Iuozqki Kmvbzit, Jziaqt m Kpqtm m iqvli lm jijimc m kizvifji, vw Jziaqt. W mfbzibqdqauw uqvmzit bmu kwvaqlmzgdmt quxwzbhvkqi mu xzibqkiumvbm bwlwa wa xisama tibqvw-iumzqkivwa, iqvli ycm ucqbia dmhma i mfxtwzimiw amri zmitqhili ozimia i kixqbiqa mabzivomqzwa. Vi mfbzimiw lw xmbzytmw, xwaacmu ozivlm lmabiycm Uofqkw, Dmvmhcmti, Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi, Kwtzujqi m Mycilwz. W Jziaqt o w amocvlw xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm nmzzw w Kpqtm, w Xmzc, amvlw w Kpqtm w uiqwz xzwlcbwz lw ucvlw w Jziaqt o cu lwa kqvkw uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm uivoivpa, itou lm ozivlm xzwlcbwz lm mabivpw, uqvozqw lw ycit i Jwtsdqi o ozivlm mfxwzbilwzi. I Iuozqki Tibqvi lmabiki-am iqvli xwz aci xzwlcmiw lm kpcujw Xmzc m Uofqkw , vsycmt Kcji , xzibi Uofqkw m Xmzc , hqvkw Xmzc , jicfqbi Jziaqt m Dmvmhcmti m xtibqvi Kwtzujqi . I Iuozqki Tibqvi, ycm qvktcq maamvkqitumvbm xisama acjlmamvdwtdqlwa, lm uivmqzi omzit o xwckw qvlcabzqitqhili, nqkivlw aci mkwvwuqi acjwzlqvili f iozwxmkcgzqi m f uqvmzimiw. Umauw kwu maai lmxmvlpvkqi iozskwti, i uiqwz xizbm lm acia bmzzia o kctbqdili lm nwzui mfbmvaqdi m xwaacq cu zmlchqlw XQJ xmz kixqbi. Mu ucqbwa xisama, i ibqdqlilm iozskwti iqvli am lmamvdwtdm amocvlw wa uwtlma lw xmzswlw kwtwvqit ozivlma xzwxzqmlilma, xmzbmvkmvbma i xwckia niustqia, kcri xzwlcmiw am lmabqvi yciam qvbmozitumvbm iw umzkilw mfbmzvw. Lmdqlw xzqvkqxitumvbm f kwvkmvbzimiw lia bmzzia uiqa nozbmqa via uiwa lm xwckwa xzwxzqmbgzqwa m iw ozivlm vfumzw lm iozqkctbwzma amu bmzzia xizi kctbqdiz, aczoqziu vmaaia gzmia ucqbwa kwvntqbwa ncvlqgzqwa, w ycm wzqoqvwc xzwrmbwa lm zmnwzui iozgzqi ycm dqaiu f lqabzqjcqmiw uiqa qocitqbgzqi li bmzzi, mu xisama kwuw Uofqkw, Jwtsdqi, Kpqtm, Xmzc m Kcji. Kpcycqkiuibi, i uiqwz uqvi i koc ijmzbw lw ucvlw, xzyfqui f kqlilm lm Kitiui, vw Kpqtm. Kwtpmqbilmqzi mu cui xtivbimiw lm izzwh mu Aivbi Kibizqvi. W Jziaqt o w bmzkmqzw uiqwz mfxwzbilwz lm xzwlcbwa iozskwtia lw ucvlw. Mu bwlwa wa xisama li Iuozqki Tibqvi o xwaasdmt qlmvbqnqkiz jiaqkiumvbm lwqa bqxwa lm iozqkctbczi i lm acjaqabpvkqi, xzibqkili kwu w caw lm bokvqkia xzquqbqdia, m i lm kizgbmz kwumzkqit, mu omzit uwvwkctbczia zmitqhilia mu ozivlma mfbmvaama lm bmzzi m, kwu nzmycpvkqi, lmxmvlmvbma lm qvdmabqumvbwa mabzivomqzwa. Kwuw mfmuxtwa kizikbmzsabqkwa lmaam aqabmui, xwlmuwa kqbiz w kino, zmaxwvagdmt xwz cui xizbm acjabivkqit lia zmvlia lm mfxwzbimiw li Kwtzujqi, Kwabi Zqki, Ocibmuiti m Mt Aitdilwz, m i jivivi, kwu qocit quxwzbhvkqi xizi w Xiviug m Pwvlczia, itou lm wcbzwa xzwlcbwa lm umvwz mfxzmaaiw. I xmkcgzqi, ibqdqlilm lm ozivlm lmabiycm vi Iuozqki Tibqvi, o xzibqkili mu bwlwa wa xisama, iqvli ycm lm nwzuia lqnmzmvbma. I xmkcgzqi mfbmvaqdi o zmitqhili mu ozivlma xzwxzqmlilma m amu w muxzmow lm bokvqkia maxmkqiqa rg vi qvbmvaqdi, cbqtqhiu-am bokvqkia lm amtmmiw lw xtivbqw, qabw o, ivquiqa lm jwi zimi, m kctbqdiu-am xiabiomva. Wa zmjivpwa uiqa vcumzwawa vi Iuozqki tibqvi, xmti wzlmu, aiw wa lm jwdqvwa, acsvwa m wdqvwa. Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi m Uofqkw aiw wa xisama ycm xwaacmu i uiqwz ycivbqlilm lm kijmmia lm oilw. Aqovqnqkibqdi xizbm lw lmamvdwtdqumvbw li iozwxmkcgzqi lm itocva xisama, maxmkqitumvbm Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi m Czcociq, lmdm-am fa kwwxmzibqdia iozwxmkcgzqia lmaama xisama, wzoivqhilia i xizbqz lw qvskqw lw Aokctw FF. Pwrm mtia lmbou aqovqnqki xizkmti li mkwvwuqi iozwxmkcgzqi m aiw zmaxwvagdmqa xmti wzoivqhimiw li xzwlcmiw, xmti izuihmviomu, xzwkmaaiumvbw m kwumzkqitqhimiw lm ucqbwa xzwlcbwa, maxmkqitumvbm tmqbm, acsvwa, idma, awri, uqtpw, bzqow, izzwh m itowliw, mvbzm wcbzwa. Ia kwwxmzibqdia dwtbilia f xzwlcmiw lm oziwa, i xizbqz li lokili lm 1970, xiaaiziu i qvdmabqz vw xzwkmaaiumvbw li xzwlcmiw, qvqkqitumvbm vw mauioiumvbw li awri xizi xzwlcmiw lm ytmw lmowuilw, lmxwqa vw amc zmnqvw m, uiqa bizlm, vi xzwlcmiw lm xzwlcbwa lmabqvilwa iw dizmrw, kwuw ytmw kwumabsdmt, uizoizqvia, uiqwvmama m wcbzwa. Ia kwwxmzibqdia biujou qvdmabqziu xmailiumvbm vi wzoivqhimiw li xzwlcmiw lm idma m acsvwa, vw amc xzwkmaaiumvbw m kwumzkqitqhimiw vwa umzkilwa qvbmzvw m mfbmzvw. I kwvamycpvkqi lmaai ibcimiw nwq i iuxtqimiw li xzwlcmiw, w mvzqycmkqumvbw lia kwucvqlilma lw qvbmzqwz m i iozmoimiw lm ditwz f xzwlcmiw. W uiqa quxwzbivbm lm bclw, vw mvbivbw, o ycm maai ibcimiw lia kwwxmzibqdia xzwxqkqwc i kwvbsvci m kzmakmvbm tqjmzbimiw lwa iozqkctbwzma iaawkqilwa lw rcow li qvbmzumlqimiw vi kwumzkqitqhimiw li xzwlcmiw. Mujwzi w aqabmui kwwxmzibqdqabi bmvpi dqdmvkqilw, biujou, kzqama lm dgzqia kwwxmzibqdia mu dgzqwa mabilwa, xwz zihama ia uiqa lqdmzaia, wa jmvmnskqwa lia kwwxmzibqdia awjzmdqdmvbm aiw qvnqvqbiumvbm uiqwzma lw ycm wa xzwjtmuia ycm ibzidmaaiziu. Vw Jziaqt, ia kwwxmzibqdia iozwxmkcgzqia mabiw uiqa xzmamvbma vwa mabilwa lw Zqw Ozivlm lw Act, Aivbi Kibizqvi, Xizivg, Aiw Xictw, Uibw Ozwaaw, Uibw Ozwaaw lw Act m Owqga, ycm aiw ia xzqvkqxiqa zmoqama iozskwtia. Xtivbimiw lm awri vw Uibw Ozwaaw. Mu 2020, w Jziaqt mzi w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit, kwu 130 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch umbilm li awri lw ucvlw. Aiw Xictw. Mu 2018, w Jziaqt mzi w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit, kwu 746 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch uiqa li umbilm li kivi-lm-imfkiz lw ucvlw. Aiw Xictw. Mu 2018, w Jziaqt mzi w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit, kwu 17 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch 30 lia tizivria lw ucvlw. Kino mu Uqvia Omziqa. Mu 2018, w Jziaqt mzi w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit, kwu 3,5 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch umbilm lw kino lw ucvlw. Uqtpw mu Lwczilwa. Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi m Uofqkw mabiw mvbzm wa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa Xtivbimiw lm cdia vi Izomvbqvi. I Izomvbqvi m w Kpqtm mabiw mvbzm wa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm cdia m dqvpw lw ucvlw, m w Jziaqt mabg mvbzm wa 20 uiqwzma Ijikifq mu Dmzikzch, Uofqkw. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch 35 lw ijikifq ucvlqit Kzqimiw lm aituiw vw Kpqtm. Cu bmzmw lm bwlw w aituiw dmvlqlw vw ucvlw dmu lw xisa Kiuqvpiw lm cui muxzmai lm kizvma vw Jziaqt. I Iuozqki Tibqvi xzwlch 25 li kizvm jwdqvi m lm nzivow lw ucvlw Uqvi lm iumbqabi mu Iumbqabi lw Act. I Iuozqki Tibqvi o cu ozivlm xzwlcbwz lm omuia kwuw iumbqabi, bwxghqw, maumzitli, goci-uizqvpi m bczuitqvi. Wa ycibzw xisama kwu i uiqwz iozqkctbczi vi Iuozqki lw Act aiw Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi, Kpqtm m Kwtzujqi W Jziaqt o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm kivi-lm-imfkiz, awri, kino, tizivri, ocizivg, imis m kiabivpi lw xizg o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm uqtpw, uiuiw, bijikw, ijikifq, jivivi, itowliw, nmqriw, kwkw, umtivkqi m tquiw m o cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kikic, kirc, ijikibm, kiycq, uivoi, owqiji, bivomzqvi, izzwh, awzow m bwuibm. Biujou mabg mvbzm wa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm cdi, uimi, umtiw, iumvlwqu, nqow, xpaamow, kmjwti, jwzzikpi vibczit m ihmqbm lm lmvlp I Izomvbqvi o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm awri, uqtpw, oqziaawt, tquiw m xpzi, cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kmdili, cdi, itkikpwnzi, bijikw m itowliw m cu lwa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm bzqow, kivi-lm-imfkiz, awzow m bwzivri W Kpqtm o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kmzmri m kzivjmzzg m cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm cdi, uimi, sqeq, xpaamow, iumqfi m idmti, kwu nwkw vi mfxwzbimiw lm nzcbia lm itbw ditwz I Kwtzujqi o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kino, ijikibm m ytmw lm xitui, m cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kivi-lm-imfkiz, jivivi, ijikifq m kikic Xmzc o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm ijikibm, uqzbqtw, itkikpwnzi m iaxizowa, cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kino m kikic, cu lwa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm jibibia m ijikifq, m biujou bmu cui xzwlcmiw aqovqnqkibqdi lm cdi, kivi-lm-imfkiz, izzwh, jivivi, uqtpw m uivlqwki aci iozqkctbczi o vwbidmtumvbm lqdmzaqnqkili I iozqkctbczi lw Xiziociq mabg mu lmamvdwtdqumvbw, amvlw ibcitumvbm w amfbw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm awri lw ucvlw m mvbzivlw vi tqabi lwa 20 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm uqtpw m kivi lw imfkiz. Vi Iuozqki Kmvbzit, lmabikiu-am Ocibmuiti, cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kino, kivi-lm-imfkiz, umtiw m jwzzikpi vibczit, m cu lwa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm jivivi m ytmw lm xitui vw ucvlw Pwvlczia, ycm o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm kino lw ucvlw m cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm ytmw lm xitui Kwabi Zqki, ycm o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm ijikifq Zmxfjtqki Lwuqvqkivi, ycm o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm uiuiw m ijikibm, m cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lm kikic. W Uofqkw o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm ijikibm, cu lwa kqvkw xzqvkqxiqa xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm xqumvbi, tquiw, tizivri, uivoi, uiuiw, uwzivow, bwzivri, ijyjwzi m iaxizowa, m cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm kivi-lm-imfkiz, uqtpw, awzow, nmqriw, bwuibm, kwkw, ijikifq, umtiw m uqzbqtw. W Jziaqt o w uiqwz mfxwzbilwz ucvlqit lm kizvm lm nzivow 3,77 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia mu 2019. W xisa o lwvw lw amocvlw zmjivpw lw uiqwz zmjivpw jwdqvw lw ucvlw, 22,2 lw zmjivpw ucvlqit. W xisa nwq w amocvlw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm kizvm jwdqvi mu 2019, zmaxwvagdmt xwz 15,4 li xzwlcmiw ucvlqit. Nwq biujou w bmzkmqzw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm tmqbm lw ucvlw mu 2018. Mabm ivw w xisa xzwlchqc 35,1 jqtpama lm tqbzwa. Mu 2019, w Jziaqt mzi w 4 uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm kizvm lm xwzkw lw ucvlw, kwu yciam 4 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia. Mu 2018, i Izomvbqvi mzi w ycizbw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm kizvm jwdqvi lw ucvlw, kwu cui xzwlcmiw lm 3 uqtpama lm bwvmtilia ibzga ixmvia lwa Mabilwa Cvqlwa, Jziaqt m Kpqvi . W Czcociq biujou o cu ozivlm xzwlcbwz lm kizvm jwdqvi. Mu 2018, xzwlchqc 589 uqt bwvmtilia. Vi xzwlcmiw lm kizvm lm nzivow, w Uofqkw mabg mvbzm wa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw, i Izomvbqvi mvbzm wa 15 uiqwzma m Xmzc m Kwtzujqi mvbzm wa 20 uiqwzma. Vi xzwlcmiw lm kizvm jwdqvi, w Uofqkw o cu lwa 10 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw m i Kwtzujqi cu lwa 20 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma. Vi xzwlcmiw lm acsvwa, w Uofqkw mabg mvbzm wa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw. Vi xzwlcmiw lm umt, i Izomvbqvi mabg mvbzm wa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw, w Uofqkw mvbzm wa 10 uiqwzma m w Jziaqt mvbzm wa 15 uiqwzma. Mu bmzuwa lm xzwlcmiw lm tmqbm lm diki, w Uofqkw mabg mvbzm wa 15 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw m i Izomvbqvi mvbzm wa 20. Vi xzwlcmiw lm xmbzytmw, w Jziaqt nwq w 10 uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm xmbzytmw mu 2019, kwu 2,8 uqtpama lm jizzqa lqi. W Uofqkw nwq w 12 uiqwz xzwlcbwz, kwu 2,1 uqtpama lm jizzqa lqi. I Kwtzujqi dqvpi mu 22 tcoiz kwu 886 uqt jizzqa lqi, i Dmvmhcmti mu 23 tcoiz kwu 877 uqt jizzqa lqi, w Mycilwz mu 28 kwu 531 uqt jizzqa lqi m i Izomvbqvi mu 29 kwu 507 uqt jizzqa lqi. Kwuw i Dmvmhcmti m w Mycilwz kwvawumu xwckw xmbzytmw m mfxwzbiu i uiqwz xizbm lm aci xzwlcmiw, mtma nihmu xizbm li WXMX. I Dmvmhcmti zmoqabzwc cui ycmli ikmvbcili vi xzwlcmiw ixya 2015 wvlm xzwlchqc 2,5 uqtpama lm jizzqa lqi , kiqvlw mu 2016 xizi 2,2 uqtpama, mu 2017 xizi 2 uqtpama, mu 2018 xizi 1,4 uqtpama m mu 2019 xizi 877 uqt, xwz nitbi lm qvdmabqumvbwa. Vi xzwlcmiw lm oga vibczit, mu 2018, i Izomvbqvi xzwlchqc 1,524 jkn jqtpama lm xoa kfjqkwa , w Uofqkw 999, i Dmvmhcmti 946, Jziaqt 877, Jwtsdqi 617, Xmzc 451, Kwtzujqi 379. W Jziaqt o w amocvlw uiqwz mfxwzbilwz ucvlqit lm uqvozqw lm nmzzw, xwaacq 98 lia zmamzdia kwvpmkqlia lm vqyjqw vw ucvlw m o cu lwa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm jicfqbi, uivoivpa m mabivpw, itou lm bmz xzwlcmama kwvaqlmzgdmqa lm kwjzm, wczw m vsycmt. W Kpqtm kwvbzqjcq kwu kmzki lm cu bmzmw li xzwlcmiw ucvlqit lm kwjzm. Mu 2018, w Xmzc mzi w amocvlw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm xzibi m kwjzm lw ucvlw m w amfbw xzwlcbwz lm wczw wa 3 umbiqa ycm uiqa omziu ditwz , jmu kwuw mzi w bmzkmqzw uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm hqvkw m mabivpw m w ycizbw lm kpcujw. I Jwtsdqi o w ycqvbw uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm mabivpw, w aobquw xzwlcbwz lm xzibi m w wqbidw xzwlcbwz lm hqvkw lw ucvlw. W Uofqkw o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz lm xzibi lw ucvlw, zmxzmamvbivlw yciam 23 li xzwlcmiw ucvlqit, xzwlchqvlw uiqa lm 200 uqtpama lm wvmia mu 2019. Biujou xwaacq quxwzbivbma kwjzm m hqvkw m xzwlch cui ycivbqlilm aqovqnqkibqdi lm wczw. Ikmzki lia xmlzia xzmkqwaia, w Jziaqt o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit lm iumbqabi, bwxghqw, goibi m o cu lwa xzqvkqxiqa xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa lm bczuitqvi, maumzitli, goci uizqvpi, ozivili m wxiti. Biujou pg xzwlcmiw kwvaqlmzgdmt lm iumbqabi vw Czcociq m vi Jwtsdqi. Vi xzwlcmiw lm maumzitli, i Kwtzujqi o w uiqwz xzwlcbwz ucvlqit. I Ocqivi o cu ozivlm xzwlcbwz lm lqiuivbm.

Yujcjoxavj mj nvyanbj yncaxunraj vngrljwj YNVNG wx Pxuox mx Vpgrlx. J ljnj, lxvx kjbn nlxwavrlj mn bxkanereqwlrj, p yajcrljmj wj Jvparlj bxvnwcn yxa nbyjabxb padyxb rwmtpnwjb nv erj mn rwcnpajnjx. J ynblj, jupv mn jcrermjmn nlxwavrlj mn ejuxa anprxwju yjaj cxmxb xb yjtbnb zdn jyanbnwcjv ngcnwbbnb urcxaiwnjb, cnv nbynlrju rvyxaciwlrj yjaj x Ynad, vjrxa ngyxacjmxa mn ynbljmx mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj, nvkxaj x Lqrun bnsj x vjrxa yaxmdcxa. X ngcajcrerbvx enpncju jyjanln bnvyan lxvx jcrermjmn lxvyunvnwcja mj jparlducdaj n mj ynldharj, vnanlnwmx mnbcjzdn j ngcajnjx mx uhcng mj bnarwpdnraj, nv cxmj j Ouxanbcj Jvjiawrlj Kajbru, Lxuavkrj, Ynad n Kxuterj mx zdnkajlqx, wx Yjwcjwju Japnwcrwj, Yjajpdjr n Kajbru mn vjmnraj, nv zdjbn cxmj j Jvparlj Lnwcaju, Kajbru n Lqrun n jrwmj mn kjkjnd n ljawjgkj, wx Kajbru. X ngcajcrerbvx vrwnaju cnv lxwbrmnahenu rvyxaciwlrj nv yajcrljvnwcn cxmxb xb yjtbnb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb, jrwmj zdn vdrcjb eninb j ngyuxajnjx bnsj anjurijmj pajnjb j ljyrcjrb nbcajwpnraxb. Wj ngcajnjx mx yncazunx, yxbbdnv pajwmn mnbcjzdn Vpgrlx, Enwnidnuj, Kajbru, Japnwcrwj, Lxuavkrj n Nzdjmxa. X Kajbru p x bnpdwmx yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn onaax x Lqrun, x Ynad, bnwmx x Lqrun x vjrxa yaxmdcxa mx vdwmx x Kajbru p dv mxb lrwlx vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn vjwpjwqb, jupv mn pajwmn yaxmdcxa mn nbcjwqx, vrwparx mx zdju j Kxuterj p pajwmn ngyxacjmxaj. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj mnbcjlj-bn jrwmj yxa bdj yaxmdnjx mn lqdvkx Ynad n Vpgrlx , wtzdnu Ldkj , yajcj Vpgrlx n Ynad , irwlx Ynad , kjdgrcj Kajbru n Enwnidnuj n yujcrwj Lxuavkrj . J Jvparlj Ujcrwj, zdn rwludr nbbnwlrjuvnwcn yjtbnb bdkmnbnwexuermxb, mn vjwnraj pnaju p yxdlx rwmdbcarjurijmj, orljwmx bdj nlxwxvrj bdkxamrwjmj g jpaxynldharj n g vrwnajnjx. Vnbvx lxv nbbj mnynwmqwlrj jpatlxuj, j vjrxa yjacn mn bdjb cnaajb p lducrejmj mn oxavj ngcnwbrej n yxbbdr dv anmdirmx YRK yna ljyrcj. Nv vdrcxb yjtbnb, j jcrermjmn jpatlxuj jrwmj bn mnbnwexuen bnpdwmx xb vxumnb mx ynatxmx lxuxwrju pajwmnb yaxyarnmjmnb, ynacnwlnwcnb j yxdljb ojvturjb, ldsj yaxmdnjx bn mnbcrwj zdjbn rwcnpajuvnwcn jx vnaljmx ngcnawx. Mnermx yarwlryjuvnwcn g lxwlnwcajnjx mjb cnaajb vjrb opacnrb wjb vjxb mn yxdlxb yaxyarncharxb n jx pajwmn wgvnax mn jparlducxanb bnv cnaajb yjaj lducreja, bdaprajv wnbbjb hanjb vdrcxb lxwourcxb odwmrharxb, x zdn xarprwxd yaxsncxb mn anoxavj jpaharj zdn erbjv g mrbcarkdrnjx vjrb rpdjurcharj mj cnaaj, nv yjtbnb lxvx Vpgrlx, Kxuterj, Lqrun, Ynad n Ldkj. Lqdzdrljvjcj, j vjrxa vrwj j lpd jknacx mx vdwmx, yazgrvj g lrmjmn mn Ljujvj, wx Lqrun. Lxuqnrcjmnraj nv dvj yujwcjnjx mn jaaxi nv Bjwcj Ljcjarwj. X Kajbru p x cnalnrax vjrxa ngyxacjmxa mn yaxmdcxb jpatlxujb mx vdwmx. Nv cxmxb xb yjtbnb mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj p yxbbtenu rmnwcrorlja kjbrljvnwcn mxrb cryxb mn jparlducdaj j mn bdkbrbcqwlrj, yajcrljmj lxv x dbx mn cplwrljb yarvrcrejb, n j mn ljahcna lxvnalrju, nv pnaju vxwxlducdajb anjurijmjb nv pajwmnb ngcnwbbnb mn cnaaj n, lxv oanzdqwlrj, mnynwmnwcnb mn rwenbcrvnwcxb nbcajwpnraxb. Lxvx ngnvyuxb ljajlcnatbcrlxb mnbbn brbcnvj, yxmnvxb lrcja x ljop, anbyxwbhenu yxa dvj yjacn bdkbcjwlrju mjb anwmjb mn ngyxacjnjx mj Lxuavkrj, Lxbcj Arlj, Pdjcnvjuj n Nu Bjuejmxa, n j kjwjwj, lxv rpdju rvyxaciwlrj yjaj x Yjwjvh n Qxwmdajb, jupv mn xdcaxb yaxmdcxb mn vnwxa ngyanbbjx. J ynldharj, jcrermjmn mn pajwmn mnbcjzdn wj Jvparlj Ujcrwj, p yajcrljmj nv cxmxb xb yjtbnb, jrwmj zdn mn oxavjb mronanwcnb. J ynldharj ngcnwbrej p anjurijmj nv pajwmnb yaxyarnmjmnb n bnv x nvyanpx mn cplwrljb nbynlrjrb sh wj rwcnwbrej, dcrurijv-bn cplwrljb mn bnunnjx mx yujwcrx, rbcx p, jwrvjrb mn kxj ajnj, n lducrejv-bn yjbcjpnwb. Xb ankjwqxb vjrb wdvnaxbxb wj Jvparlj ujcrwj, ynuj xamnv, bjx xb mn kxerwxb, bdtwxb n xerwxb. Kajbru, Japnwcrwj n Vpgrlx bjx xb yjtbnb zdn yxbbdnv j vjrxa zdjwcrmjmn mn ljknnjb mn pjmx. Brpwrorljcrej yjacn mx mnbnwexuervnwcx mj jpaxynldharj mn jupdwb yjtbnb, nbynlrjuvnwcn Kajbru, Japnwcrwj n Dadpdjr, mnen-bn gb lxxynajcrejb jpaxynldharjb mnbbnb yjtbnb, xapjwrijmjb j yjacra mx rwtlrx mx Bpldux GG. Qxsn nujb mncpv brpwrorlj yjalnuj mj nlxwxvrj jpaxynldharj n bjx anbyxwbhenrb ynuj xapjwrijnjx mj yaxmdnjx, ynuj javjinwjpnv, yaxlnbbjvnwcx n lxvnalrjurijnjx mn vdrcxb yaxmdcxb, nbynlrjuvnwcn unrcn, bdtwxb, jenb, bxsj, vruqx, carpx, jaaxi n jupxmjx, nwcan xdcaxb. Jb lxxynajcrejb exucjmjb g yaxmdnjx mn pajxb, j yjacra mj mpljmj mn 1970, yjbbjajv j rwenbcra wx yaxlnbbjvnwcx mj yaxmdnjx, rwrlrjuvnwcn wx nbvjpjvnwcx mj bxsj yjaj yaxmdnjx mn zunx mnpxvjmx, mnyxrb wx bnd anorwx n, vjrb cjamn, wj yaxmdnjx mn yaxmdcxb mnbcrwjmxb jx ejansx, lxvx zunx lxvnbctenu, vjapjarwjb, vjrxwnbnb n xdcaxb. Jb lxxynajcrejb cjvkpv rwenbcrajv ynbjmjvnwcn wj xapjwrijnjx mj yaxmdnjx mn jenb n bdtwxb, wx bnd yaxlnbbjvnwcx n lxvnalrjurijnjx wxb vnaljmxb rwcnawx n ngcnawx. J lxwbnzdqwlrj mnbbj jcdjnjx oxr j jvyurjnjx mj yaxmdnjx, x nwarzdnlrvnwcx mjb lxvdwrmjmnb mx rwcnarxa n j jpanpjnjx mn ejuxa g yaxmdnjx. X vjrb rvyxacjwcn mn cdmx, wx nwcjwcx, p zdn nbbj jcdjnjx mjb lxxynajcrejb yaxyrlrxd j lxwctwdj n lanblnwcn urknacjnjx mxb jparlducxanb jbbxlrjmxb mx sdpx mj rwcnavnmrjnjx wj lxvnalrjurijnjx mj yaxmdnjx. Nvkxaj x brbcnvj lxxynajcrerbcj cnwqj erenwlrjmx, cjvkpv, larbnb mn eharjb lxxynajcrejb nv eharxb nbcjmxb, yxa ajibnb jb vjrb mrenabjb, xb knwnotlrxb mjb lxxynajcrejb bxkanerenwcn bjx rworwrcjvnwcn vjrxanb mx zdn xb yaxkunvjb zdn jcajenbbjajv. Wx Kajbru, jb lxxynajcrejb jpaxynldharjb nbcjx vjrb yanbnwcnb wxb nbcjmxb mx Arx Pajwmn mx Bdu, Bjwcj Ljcjarwj, Yjajwh, Bjx Yjdux, Vjcx Paxbbx, Vjcx Paxbbx mx Bdu n Pxrhb, zdn bjx jb yarwlryjrb anprbnb jpatlxujb. Yujwcjnjx mn bxsj wx Vjcx Paxbbx. Nv 2020, x Kajbru naj x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju, lxv 130 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi vncjmn mj bxsj mx vdwmx. Bjx Yjdux. Nv 2018, x Kajbru naj x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju, lxv 746 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi vjrb mj vncjmn mj ljwj-mn-jnglja mx vdwmx. Bjx Yjdux. Nv 2018, x Kajbru naj x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju, lxv 17 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi 30 mjb ujajwsjb mx vdwmx. Ljop nv Vrwjb Pnajrb. Nv 2018, x Kajbru naj x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju, lxv 3,5 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi vncjmn mx ljop mx vdwmx. Vruqx nv Mxdajmxb. Kajbru, Japnwcrwj n Vpgrlx nbcjx nwcan xb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb Yujwcjnjx mn dejb wj Japnwcrwj. J Japnwcrwj n x Lqrun nbcjx nwcan xb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn dejb n erwqx mx vdwmx, n x Kajbru nbch nwcan xb 20 vjrxanb Jkjljgr nv Enajladi, Vpgrlx. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi 35 mx jkjljgr vdwmrju Larjnjx mn bjuvjx wx Lqrun. Dv cnanx mn cxmx x bjuvjx enwmrmx wx vdwmx env mx yjtb Ljvrwqjx mn dvj nvyanbj mn ljawnb wx Kajbru. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj yaxmdi 25 mj ljawn kxerwj n mn oajwpx mx vdwmx Vrwj mn jvncrbcj nv Jvncrbcj mx Bdu. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj p dv pajwmn yaxmdcxa mn pnvjb lxvx jvncrbcj, cxyhirx, nbvnajumj, hpdj-vjarwqj n cdavjurwj. Xb zdjcax yjtbnb lxv j vjrxa jparlducdaj wj Jvparlj mx Bdu bjx Kajbru, Japnwcrwj, Lqrun n Lxuavkrj X Kajbru p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn ljwj-mn-jnglja, bxsj, ljop, ujajwsj, pdjajwh, jnjt n ljbcjwqj mx yjah p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn vruqx, vjvjx, cjkjlx, jkjljgr, kjwjwj, jupxmjx, onrsjx, lxlx, vnujwlrj n urvjx n p dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljljd, ljsd, jkjljcn, ljzdr, vjwpj, pxrjkj, cjwpnarwj, jaaxi, bxapx n cxvjcn. Cjvkpv nbch nwcan xb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn dej, vjnj, vnujx, jvnwmxrv, orpx, yqbbnpx, lnkxuj, kxaajlqj wjcdaju n jinrcn mn mnwmq J Japnwcrwj p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn bxsj, vruqx, prajbbxu, urvjx n yqaj, dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn lnejmj, dej, juljlqxoaj, cjkjlx n jupxmjx n dv mxb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn carpx, ljwj-mn-jnglja, bxapx n cxajwsj X Lqrun p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn lnansj n lajwknaah n dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn dej, vjnj, trfr, yqbbnpx, jvnrgj n jenuj, lxv oxlx wj ngyxacjnjx mn oadcjb mn jucx ejuxa J Lxuavkrj p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljop, jkjljcn n zunx mn yjuvj, n dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljwj-mn-jnglja, kjwjwj, jkjljgr n ljljd Ynad p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn jkjljcn, vracrux, juljlqxoaj n jbyjapxb, dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljop n ljljd, dv mxb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn kjcjcjb n jkjljgr, n cjvkpv cnv dvj yaxmdnjx brpwrorljcrej mn dej, ljwj-mn-jnglja, jaaxi, kjwjwj, vruqx n vjwmrxlj bdj jparlducdaj p wxcjenuvnwcn mrenabrorljmj J jparlducdaj mx Yjajpdjr nbch nv mnbnwexuervnwcx, bnwmx jcdjuvnwcn x bngcx vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn bxsj mx vdwmx n nwcajwmx wj urbcj mxb 20 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn vruqx n ljwj mx jnglja. Wj Jvparlj Lnwcaju, mnbcjljv-bn Pdjcnvjuj, dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljop, ljwj-mn-jnglja, vnujx n kxaajlqj wjcdaju, n dv mxb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn kjwjwj n zunx mn yjuvj wx vdwmx Qxwmdajb, zdn p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn ljop mx vdwmx n dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn zunx mn yjuvj Lxbcj Arlj, zdn p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn jkjljgr Anygkurlj Mxvrwrljwj, zdn p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn vjvjx n jkjljcn, n dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mn ljljd. X Vpgrlx p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn jkjljcn, dv mxb lrwlx yarwlryjrb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn yrvnwcj, urvjx, ujajwsj, vjwpj, vjvjx, vxajwpx, cxajwsj, jkzkxaj n jbyjapxb, n dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn ljwj-mn-jnglja, vruqx, bxapx, onrsjx, cxvjcn, lxlx, jkjljgr, vnujx n vracrux. X Kajbru p x vjrxa ngyxacjmxa vdwmrju mn ljawn mn oajwpx 3,77 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb nv 2019. X yjtb p mxwx mx bnpdwmx ankjwqx mx vjrxa ankjwqx kxerwx mx vdwmx, 22,2 mx ankjwqx vdwmrju. X yjtb oxr x bnpdwmx vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn ljawn kxerwj nv 2019, anbyxwbhenu yxa 15,4 mj yaxmdnjx vdwmrju. Oxr cjvkpv x cnalnrax vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn unrcn mx vdwmx nv 2018. Nbcn jwx x yjtb yaxmdird 35,1 kruqbnb mn urcaxb. Nv 2019, x Kajbru naj x 4 vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn ljawn mn yxalx mx vdwmx, lxv zdjbn 4 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb. Nv 2018, j Japnwcrwj naj x zdjacx vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn ljawn kxerwj mx vdwmx, lxv dvj yaxmdnjx mn 3 vruqbnb mn cxwnujmjb jcahb jynwjb mxb Nbcjmxb Dwrmxb, Kajbru n Lqrwj . X Dadpdjr cjvkpv p dv pajwmn yaxmdcxa mn ljawn kxerwj. Nv 2018, yaxmdird 589 vru cxwnujmjb. Wj yaxmdnjx mn ljawn mn oajwpx, x Vpgrlx nbch nwcan xb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx, j Japnwcrwj nwcan xb 15 vjrxanb n Ynad n Lxuavkrj nwcan xb 20 vjrxanb. Wj yaxmdnjx mn ljawn kxerwj, x Vpgrlx p dv mxb 10 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx n j Lxuavkrj dv mxb 20 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb. Wj yaxmdnjx mn bdtwxb, x Vpgrlx nbch nwcan xb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx. Wj yaxmdnjx mn vnu, j Japnwcrwj nbch nwcan xb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx, x Vpgrlx nwcan xb 10 vjrxanb n x Kajbru nwcan xb 15 vjrxanb. Nv cnavxb mn yaxmdnjx mn unrcn mn ejlj, x Vpgrlx nbch nwcan xb 15 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx n j Japnwcrwj nwcan xb 20. Wj yaxmdnjx mn yncazunx, x Kajbru oxr x 10 vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn yncazunx nv 2019, lxv 2,8 vruqbnb mn kjaarb mrj. X Vpgrlx oxr x 12 vjrxa yaxmdcxa, lxv 2,1 vruqbnb mn kjaarb mrj. J Lxuavkrj erwqj nv 22 udpja lxv 886 vru kjaarb mrj, j Enwnidnuj nv 23 udpja lxv 877 vru kjaarb mrj, x Nzdjmxa nv 28 lxv 531 vru kjaarb mrj n j Japnwcrwj nv 29 lxv 507 vru kjaarb mrj. Lxvx j Enwnidnuj n x Nzdjmxa lxwbxvnv yxdlx yncazunx n ngyxacjv j vjrxa yjacn mn bdj yaxmdnjx, nunb ojinv yjacn mj XYNY. J Enwnidnuj anprbcaxd dvj zdnmj jlnwcdjmj wj yaxmdnjx jyzb 2015 xwmn yaxmdird 2,5 vruqbnb mn kjaarb mrj , ljrwmx nv 2016 yjaj 2,2 vruqbnb, nv 2017 yjaj 2 vruqbnb, nv 2018 yjaj 1,4 vruqbnb n nv 2019 yjaj 877 vru, yxa ojucj mn rwenbcrvnwcxb. Wj yaxmdnjx mn phb wjcdaju, nv 2018, j Japnwcrwj yaxmdird 1,524 klo kruqbnb mn ypb lgkrlxb , x Vpgrlx 999, j Enwnidnuj 946, Kajbru 877, Kxuterj 617, Ynad 451, Lxuavkrj 379. X Kajbru p x bnpdwmx vjrxa ngyxacjmxa vdwmrju mn vrwparx mn onaax, yxbbdr 98 mjb anbnaejb lxwqnlrmjb mn wrzkrx wx vdwmx n p dv mxb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn kjdgrcj, vjwpjwqb n nbcjwqx, jupv mn cna yaxmdnbnb lxwbrmnahenrb mn lxkan, xdax n wtzdnu. X Lqrun lxwcarkdr lxv lnalj mn dv cnanx mj yaxmdnjx vdwmrju mn lxkan. Nv 2018, x Ynad naj x bnpdwmx vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn yajcj n lxkan mx vdwmx n x bngcx yaxmdcxa mn xdax xb 3 vncjrb zdn vjrb pnajv ejuxa , knv lxvx naj x cnalnrax vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn irwlx n nbcjwqx n x zdjacx mn lqdvkx. J Kxuterj p x zdrwcx vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn nbcjwqx, x bpcrvx yaxmdcxa mn yajcj n x xrcjex yaxmdcxa mn irwlx mx vdwmx. X Vpgrlx p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa mn yajcj mx vdwmx, anyanbnwcjwmx zdjbn 23 mj yaxmdnjx vdwmrju, yaxmdirwmx vjrb mn 200 vruqbnb mn xwnjb nv 2019. Cjvkpv yxbbdr rvyxacjwcnb lxkan n irwlx n yaxmdi dvj zdjwcrmjmn brpwrorljcrej mn xdax. Jlnalj mjb ynmajb yanlrxbjb, x Kajbru p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju mn jvncrbcj, cxyhirx, hpjcj n p dv mxb yarwlryjrb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb mn cdavjurwj, nbvnajumj, hpdj vjarwqj, pajwjmj n xyjuj. Cjvkpv qh yaxmdnjx lxwbrmnahenu mn jvncrbcj wx Dadpdjr n wj Kxuterj. Wj yaxmdnjx mn nbvnajumj, j Lxuavkrj p x vjrxa yaxmdcxa vdwmrju. J Pdrjwj p dv pajwmn yaxmdcxa mn mrjvjwcn.

Zvkdkpybwk nk owzbock zodbyvosbk wohsmkxk ZOWOH xy Qyvpy ny Wqhsmy. K mkok, mywy lkco omyxbwsmk no cylbofsfrxmsk, q zbkdsmknk xk Kwqbsmk cywoxdo zyb oczkbcyc qbezyc sxnuqoxkc ow fsk no sxdoqbkoky. K zocmk, kvqw no kdsfsnkno omyxbwsmk no fkvyb boqsyxkv zkbk dynyc yc zkucoc aeo kzbocoxdkw ohdoxccoc vsdybjxokc, dow oczomskv swzybdjxmsk zkbk y Zobe, wksyb ohzybdknyb no zocmkny nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, owlybk y Mrsvo cotk y wksyb zbynedyb. Y ohdbkdsfscwy foqodkv kzkbomo cowzbo mywy kdsfsnkno mywzvowoxdkb nk kqbsmevdebk o nk zomeibsk, wobomoxny nocdkaeo k ohdbkoky ny vidoh nk cobsxqeosbk, ow dynk k Pvybocdk Kwkjbxsmk Lbkcsv, Myvbwlsk, Zobe o Lyvufsk ny aeolbkmry, xy Zkxdkxkv Kbqoxdsxk, Zkbkqeks o Lbkcsv no wknosbk, ow aekco dynk k Kwqbsmk Moxdbkv, Lbkcsv o Mrsvo o ksxnk no lklkoe o mkbxkhlk, xy Lbkcsv. Y ohdbkdsfscwy wsxobkv dow myxcsnobifov swzybdjxmsk ow zbkdsmkwoxdo dynyc yc zkucoc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc, ksxnk aeo wesdkc fojoc k ohzvybkoky cotk bokvsjknk qbkokc k mkzsdksc ocdbkxqosbyc. Xk ohdbkoky ny zodbavoy, zycceow qbkxno nocdkaeo Wqhsmy, Foxojeovk, Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk, Myvbwlsk o Oaeknyb. Y Lbkcsv q y coqexny zbynedyb wexnskv no pobby y Mrsvo, y Zobe, coxny y Mrsvo y wksyb zbynedyb ny wexny y Lbkcsv q ew nyc msxmy wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no wkxqkxrc, kvqw no qbkxno zbynedyb no ocdkxry, wsxqbsy ny aekv k Lyvufsk q qbkxno ohzybdknybk. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk nocdkmk-co ksxnk zyb cek zbyneoky no mrewly Zobe o Wqhsmy , xuaeov Melk , zbkdk Wqhsmy o Zobe , jsxmy Zobe , lkehsdk Lbkcsv o Foxojeovk o zvkdsxk Myvbwlsk . K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, aeo sxmves occoxmskvwoxdo zkucoc celnocoxfyvfsnyc, no wkxosbk qobkv q zyemy sxnecdbskvsjknk, psmkxny cek omyxywsk celybnsxknk h kqbyzomeibsk o h wsxobkoky. Wocwy myw occk nozoxnrxmsk kqbumyvk, k wksyb zkbdo no cekc dobbkc q mevdsfknk no pybwk ohdoxcsfk o zycces ew bonejsny ZSL zob mkzsdk. Ow wesdyc zkucoc, k kdsfsnkno kqbumyvk ksxnk co nocoxfyvfo coqexny yc wyvnoc ny zobuyny myvyxskv qbkxnoc zbyzbsonknoc, zobdoxmoxdoc k zyemkc pkwuvskc, metk zbyneoky co nocdsxk aekco sxdoqbkvwoxdo ky wobmkny ohdobxy. Nofsny zbsxmszkvwoxdo h myxmoxdbkoky nkc dobbkc wksc pqbdosc xkc wkyc no zyemyc zbyzbsodibsyc o ky qbkxno xhwoby no kqbsmevdyboc cow dobbkc zkbk mevdsfkb, cebqsbkw xocckc ibokc wesdyc myxpvsdyc pexnsibsyc, y aeo ybsqsxye zbytodyc no bopybwk kqbibsk aeo fsckw h nscdbslesoky wksc sqekvsdibsk nk dobbk, ow zkucoc mywy Wqhsmy, Lyvufsk, Mrsvo, Zobe o Melk. Mreaesmkwkdk, k wksyb wsxk k mqe klobdy ny wexny, zbahswk h msnkno no Mkvkwk, xy Mrsvo. Myvrosdknosbk ow ewk zvkxdkoky no kbbyj ow Ckxdk Mkdkbsxk. Y Lbkcsv q y dobmosby wksyb ohzybdknyb no zbynedyc kqbumyvkc ny wexny. Ow dynyc yc zkucoc nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk q zyccufov snoxdspsmkb lkcsmkwoxdo nysc dszyc no kqbsmevdebk k no celcscdrxmsk, zbkdsmknk myw y ecy no dqmxsmkc zbswsdsfkc, o k no mkbidob mywobmskv, ow qobkv wyxymevdebkc bokvsjknkc ow qbkxnoc ohdoxccoc no dobbk o, myw pboaerxmsk, nozoxnoxdoc no sxfocdswoxdyc ocdbkxqosbyc. Mywy ohowzvyc mkbkmdobucdsmyc nocco cscdowk, zynowyc msdkb y mkpq, boczyxcifov zyb ewk zkbdo celcdkxmskv nkc boxnkc no ohzybdkoky nk Myvbwlsk, Mycdk Bsmk, Qekdowkvk o Ov Ckvfknyb, o k lkxkxk, myw sqekv swzybdjxmsk zkbk y Zkxkwi o Ryxnebkc, kvqw no yedbyc zbynedyc no woxyb ohzboccky. K zomeibsk, kdsfsnkno no qbkxno nocdkaeo xk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, q zbkdsmknk ow dynyc yc zkucoc, ksxnk aeo no pybwkc nspoboxdoc. K zomeibsk ohdoxcsfk q bokvsjknk ow qbkxnoc zbyzbsonknoc o cow y owzboqy no dqmxsmkc oczomsksc ti xk sxdoxcsfk, edsvsjkw-co dqmxsmkc no covooky ny zvkxdsy, scdy q, kxswksc no lyk bkok, o mevdsfkw-co zkcdkqoxc. Yc bolkxryc wksc xewobycyc xk Kwqbsmk vkdsxk, zovk ybnow, cky yc no lyfsxyc, ceuxyc o yfsxyc. Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk o Wqhsmy cky yc zkucoc aeo zycceow k wksyb aekxdsnkno no mklookc no qkny. Csqxspsmkdsfk zkbdo ny nocoxfyvfswoxdy nk kqbyzomeibsk no kvqexc zkucoc, oczomskvwoxdo Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk o Ebeqeks, nofo-co hc myyzobkdsfkc kqbyzomeibskc noccoc zkucoc, ybqkxsjknkc k zkbdsb ny sxumsy ny Cqmevy HH. Ryto ovkc nodqw csqxspsmk zkbmovk nk omyxywsk kqbyzomeibsk o cky boczyxcifosc zovk ybqkxsjkoky nk zbyneoky, zovk kbwkjoxkqow, zbymocckwoxdy o mywobmskvsjkoky no wesdyc zbynedyc, oczomskvwoxdo vosdo, ceuxyc, kfoc, cytk, wsvry, dbsqy, kbbyj o kvqynky, oxdbo yedbyc. Kc myyzobkdsfkc fyvdknkc h zbyneoky no qbkyc, k zkbdsb nk nqmknk no 1970, zkcckbkw k sxfocdsb xy zbymocckwoxdy nk zbyneoky, sxsmskvwoxdo xy ocwkqkwoxdy nk cytk zkbk zbyneoky no avoy noqywkny, nozysc xy coe bopsxy o, wksc dkbno, xk zbyneoky no zbynedyc nocdsxknyc ky fkboty, mywy avoy mywocdufov, wkbqkbsxkc, wksyxococ o yedbyc. Kc myyzobkdsfkc dkwlqw sxfocdsbkw zocknkwoxdo xk ybqkxsjkoky nk zbyneoky no kfoc o ceuxyc, xy coe zbymocckwoxdy o mywobmskvsjkoky xyc wobmknyc sxdobxy o ohdobxy. K myxcoaerxmsk nocck kdekoky pys k kwzvskoky nk zbyneoky, y oxbsaeomswoxdy nkc mywexsnknoc ny sxdobsyb o k kqboqkoky no fkvyb h zbyneoky. Y wksc swzybdkxdo no deny, xy oxdkxdy, q aeo occk kdekoky nkc myyzobkdsfkc zbyzsmsye k myxduxek o mbocmoxdo vslobdkoky nyc kqbsmevdyboc kccymsknyc ny teqy nk sxdobwonskoky xk mywobmskvsjkoky nk zbyneoky. Owlybk y cscdowk myyzobkdsfscdk doxrk fsfoxmskny, dkwlqw, mbscoc no fibskc myyzobkdsfkc ow fibsyc ocdknyc, zyb bkjcoc kc wksc nsfobckc, yc loxopumsyc nkc myyzobkdsfkc cylbofsfoxdo cky sxpsxsdkwoxdo wksyboc ny aeo yc zbylvowkc aeo kdbkfocckbkw. Xy Lbkcsv, kc myyzobkdsfkc kqbyzomeibskc ocdky wksc zbocoxdoc xyc ocdknyc ny Bsy Qbkxno ny Cev, Ckxdk Mkdkbsxk, Zkbkxi, Cky Zkevy, Wkdy Qbyccy, Wkdy Qbyccy ny Cev o Qysic, aeo cky kc zbsxmszksc boqscoc kqbumyvkc. Zvkxdkoky no cytk xy Wkdy Qbyccy. Ow 2020, y Lbkcsv obk y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv, myw 130 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej wodkno nk cytk ny wexny. Cky Zkevy. Ow 2018, y Lbkcsv obk y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv, myw 746 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej wksc nk wodkno nk mkxk-no-kohmkb ny wexny. Cky Zkevy. Ow 2018, y Lbkcsv obk y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv, myw 17 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej 30 nkc vkbkxtkc ny wexny. Mkpq ow Wsxkc Qobksc. Ow 2018, y Lbkcsv obk y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv, myw 3,5 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej wodkno ny mkpq ny wexny. Wsvry ow Nyebknyc. Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk o Wqhsmy ocdky oxdbo yc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc Zvkxdkoky no efkc xk Kbqoxdsxk. K Kbqoxdsxk o y Mrsvo ocdky oxdbo yc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc no efkc o fsxry ny wexny, o y Lbkcsv ocdi oxdbo yc 20 wksyboc Klkmkhs ow Fobkmbej, Wqhsmy. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej 35 ny klkmkhs wexnskv Mbskoky no ckvwky xy Mrsvo. Ew doboy no dyny y ckvwky foxnsny xy wexny fow ny zkuc Mkwsxrky no ewk owzbock no mkbxoc xy Lbkcsv. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk zbynej 25 nk mkbxo lyfsxk o no pbkxqy ny wexny Wsxk no kwodscdk ow Kwodscdk ny Cev. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk q ew qbkxno zbynedyb no qowkc mywy kwodscdk, dyzijsy, ocwobkvnk, iqek-wkbsxrk o debwkvsxk. Yc aekdby zkucoc myw k wksyb kqbsmevdebk xk Kwqbsmk ny Cev cky Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk, Mrsvo o Myvbwlsk Y Lbkcsv q y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no mkxk-no-kohmkb, cytk, mkpq, vkbkxtk, qekbkxi, koku o mkcdkxrk ny zkbi q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc no wsvry, wkwky, dklkmy, klkmkhs, lkxkxk, kvqynky, postky, mymy, wovkxmsk o vswky o q ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkmke, mkte, klkmkdo, mkaes, wkxqk, qysklk, dkxqobsxk, kbbyj, cybqy o dywkdo. Dkwlqw ocdi oxdbo yc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no efk, wkok, wovky, kwoxnysw, psqy, zrccoqy, molyvk, lybbkmrk xkdebkv o kjosdo no noxnr K Kbqoxdsxk q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no cytk, wsvry, qsbkccyv, vswky o zrbk, ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mofknk, efk, kvmkmrypbk, dklkmy o kvqynky o ew nyc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no dbsqy, mkxk-no-kohmkb, cybqy o dybkxtk Y Mrsvo q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mobotk o mbkxlobbi o ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no efk, wkok, usgs, zrccoqy, kwoshk o kfovk, myw pymy xk ohzybdkoky no pbedkc no kvdy fkvyb K Myvbwlsk q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkpq, klkmkdo o avoy no zkvwk, o ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkxk-no-kohmkb, lkxkxk, klkmkhs o mkmke Zobe q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc no klkmkdo, wsbdsvy, kvmkmrypbk o kczkbqyc, ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkpq o mkmke, ew nyc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no lkdkdkc o klkmkhs, o dkwlqw dow ewk zbyneoky csqxspsmkdsfk no efk, mkxk-no-kohmkb, kbbyj, lkxkxk, wsvry o wkxnsymk cek kqbsmevdebk q xydkfovwoxdo nsfobcspsmknk K kqbsmevdebk ny Zkbkqeks ocdi ow nocoxfyvfswoxdy, coxny kdekvwoxdo y cohdy wksyb zbynedyb no cytk ny wexny o oxdbkxny xk vscdk nyc 20 wksyboc zbynedyboc no wsvry o mkxk ny kohmkb. Xk Kwqbsmk Moxdbkv, nocdkmkw-co Qekdowkvk, ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkpq, mkxk-no-kohmkb, wovky o lybbkmrk xkdebkv, o ew nyc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc no lkxkxk o avoy no zkvwk xy wexny Ryxnebkc, aeo q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc no mkpq ny wexny o ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc no avoy no zkvwk Mycdk Bsmk, aeo q y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no klkmkhs Bozhlvsmk Nywsxsmkxk, aeo q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no wkwky o klkmkdo, o ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc no mkmke. Y Wqhsmy q y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no klkmkdo, ew nyc msxmy zbsxmszksc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no zswoxdk, vswky, vkbkxtk, wkxqk, wkwky, wybkxqy, dybkxtk, klalybk o kczkbqyc, o ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no mkxk-no-kohmkb, wsvry, cybqy, postky, dywkdo, mymy, klkmkhs, wovky o wsbdsvy. Y Lbkcsv q y wksyb ohzybdknyb wexnskv no mkbxo no pbkxqy 3,77 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc ow 2019. Y zkuc q nyxy ny coqexny bolkxry ny wksyb bolkxry lyfsxy ny wexny, 22,2 ny bolkxry wexnskv. Y zkuc pys y coqexny wksyb zbynedyb no mkbxo lyfsxk ow 2019, boczyxcifov zyb 15,4 nk zbyneoky wexnskv. Pys dkwlqw y dobmosby wksyb zbynedyb no vosdo ny wexny ow 2018. Ocdo kxy y zkuc zbynejse 35,1 lsvrcoc no vsdbyc. Ow 2019, y Lbkcsv obk y 4 wksyb zbynedyb no mkbxo no zybmy ny wexny, myw aekco 4 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc. Ow 2018, k Kbqoxdsxk obk y aekbdy wksyb zbynedyb no mkbxo lyfsxk ny wexny, myw ewk zbyneoky no 3 wsvrcoc no dyxovknkc kdbic kzoxkc nyc Ocdknyc Exsnyc, Lbkcsv o Mrsxk . Y Ebeqeks dkwlqw q ew qbkxno zbynedyb no mkbxo lyfsxk. Ow 2018, zbynejse 589 wsv dyxovknkc. Xk zbyneoky no mkbxo no pbkxqy, y Wqhsmy ocdi oxdbo yc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny, k Kbqoxdsxk oxdbo yc 15 wksyboc o Zobe o Myvbwlsk oxdbo yc 20 wksyboc. Xk zbyneoky no mkbxo lyfsxk, y Wqhsmy q ew nyc 10 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny o k Myvbwlsk ew nyc 20 wksyboc zbynedyboc. Xk zbyneoky no ceuxyc, y Wqhsmy ocdi oxdbo yc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny. Xk zbyneoky no wov, k Kbqoxdsxk ocdi oxdbo yc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny, y Wqhsmy oxdbo yc 10 wksyboc o y Lbkcsv oxdbo yc 15 wksyboc. Ow dobwyc no zbyneoky no vosdo no fkmk, y Wqhsmy ocdi oxdbo yc 15 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny o k Kbqoxdsxk oxdbo yc 20. Xk zbyneoky no zodbavoy, y Lbkcsv pys y 10 wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no zodbavoy ow 2019, myw 2,8 wsvrcoc no lkbbsc nsk. Y Wqhsmy pys y 12 wksyb zbynedyb, myw 2,1 wsvrcoc no lkbbsc nsk. K Myvbwlsk fsxrk ow 22 veqkb myw 886 wsv lkbbsc nsk, k Foxojeovk ow 23 veqkb myw 877 wsv lkbbsc nsk, y Oaeknyb ow 28 myw 531 wsv lkbbsc nsk o k Kbqoxdsxk ow 29 myw 507 wsv lkbbsc nsk. Mywy k Foxojeovk o y Oaeknyb myxcywow zyemy zodbavoy o ohzybdkw k wksyb zkbdo no cek zbyneoky, ovoc pkjow zkbdo nk YZOZ. K Foxojeovk boqscdbye ewk aeonk kmoxdeknk xk zbyneoky kzac 2015 yxno zbynejse 2,5 wsvrcoc no lkbbsc nsk , mksxny ow 2016 zkbk 2,2 wsvrcoc, ow 2017 zkbk 2 wsvrcoc, ow 2018 zkbk 1,4 wsvrcoc o ow 2019 zkbk 877 wsv, zyb pkvdk no sxfocdswoxdyc. Xk zbyneoky no qic xkdebkv, ow 2018, k Kbqoxdsxk zbynejse 1,524 lmp lsvrcoc no zqc mhlsmyc , y Wqhsmy 999, k Foxojeovk 946, Lbkcsv 877, Lyvufsk 617, Zobe 451, Myvbwlsk 379. Y Lbkcsv q y coqexny wksyb ohzybdknyb wexnskv no wsxqbsy no pobby, zycces 98 nkc bocobfkc myxromsnkc no xsalsy xy wexny o q ew nyc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no lkehsdk, wkxqkxrc o ocdkxry, kvqw no dob zbyneococ myxcsnobifosc no mylbo, yeby o xuaeov. Y Mrsvo myxdbsles myw mobmk no ew doboy nk zbyneoky wexnskv no mylbo. Ow 2018, y Zobe obk y coqexny wksyb zbynedyb no zbkdk o mylbo ny wexny o y cohdy zbynedyb no yeby yc 3 wodksc aeo wksc qobkw fkvyb , low mywy obk y dobmosby wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no jsxmy o ocdkxry o y aekbdy no mrewly. K Lyvufsk q y aesxdy wksyb zbynedyb no ocdkxry, y cqdswy zbynedyb no zbkdk o y ysdkfy zbynedyb no jsxmy ny wexny. Y Wqhsmy q y wksyb zbynedyb no zbkdk ny wexny, bozbocoxdkxny aekco 23 nk zbyneoky wexnskv, zbynejsxny wksc no 200 wsvrcoc no yxokc ow 2019. Dkwlqw zycces swzybdkxdoc mylbo o jsxmy o zbynej ewk aekxdsnkno csqxspsmkdsfk no yeby. Kmobmk nkc zonbkc zbomsyckc, y Lbkcsv q y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv no kwodscdk, dyzijsy, iqkdk o q ew nyc zbsxmszksc zbynedyboc wexnsksc no debwkvsxk, ocwobkvnk, iqek wkbsxrk, qbkxknk o yzkvk. Dkwlqw ri zbyneoky myxcsnobifov no kwodscdk xy Ebeqeks o xk Lyvufsk. Xk zbyneoky no ocwobkvnk, k Myvbwlsk q y wksyb zbynedyb wexnskv. K Qeskxk q ew qbkxno zbynedyb no nskwkxdo.

Awlelqzcxl ol pxacpdl apeczwptcl xpitnlyl APXPI yz Rzwqz oz Xritnz. L nlpl, nzxz mldp pnzycxtnl op dzmcpgtgsyntl, r acletnlol yl Lxrctnl dzxpyep azc pdalcdzd rcfazd tyovrpyld px gtl op tyeprclplz. L apdnl, lwrx op letgtolop pnzycxtnl op glwzc cprtzylw alcl ezozd zd alvdpd bfp lacpdpyelx piepyddpd wtezckypld, epx pdapntlw txazcekyntl alcl z Apcf, xltzc piazcelozc op apdnloz ol Lxrctnl Wletyl, pxmzcl z Nstwp dpul z xltzc aczofezc. Z piecletgtdxz gprpelw lalcpnp dpxacp nzxz letgtolop nzxawpxpyelc ol lrctnfwefcl p ol apnfjctl, xpcpnpyoz opdelbfp l pieclplz oz wjepi ol dpctyrfptcl, px ezol l Qwzcpdel Lxlkcytnl Mcldtw, Nzwcxmtl, Apcf p Mzwvgtl oz bfpmclnsz, yz Alyelylw Lcrpyetyl, Alclrflt p Mcldtw op xloptcl, px bfldp ezol l Lxrctnl Npyeclw, Mcldtw p Nstwp p ltyol op mlmlpf p nlcyliml, yz Mcldtw. Z piecletgtdxz xtypclw epx nzydtopcjgpw txazcekyntl px acletnlxpyep ezozd zd alvdpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd, ltyol bfp xfteld gpkpd l piawzclplz dpul cplwtklol rclpld l nlateltd pdeclyrptczd. Yl pieclplz oz apecbwpz, azddfpx rclyop opdelbfp Xritnz, Gpypkfpwl, Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl, Nzwcxmtl p Pbflozc. Z Mcldtw r z dprfyoz aczofezc xfyotlw op qpccz z Nstwp, z Apcf, dpyoz z Nstwp z xltzc aczofezc oz xfyoz z Mcldtw r fx ozd ntynz xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op xlyrlysd, lwrx op rclyop aczofezc op pdelysz, xtyrctz oz bflw l Mzwvgtl r rclyop piazcelozcl. L Lxrctnl Wletyl opdelnl-dp ltyol azc dfl aczofplz op nsfxmz Apcf p Xritnz , yvbfpw Nfml , aclel Xritnz p Apcf , ktynz Apcf , mlfitel Mcldtw p Gpypkfpwl p awletyl Nzwcxmtl . L Lxrctnl Wletyl, bfp tynwft pddpyntlwxpyep alvdpd dfmopdpygzwgtozd, op xlyptcl rpclw r azfnz tyofdectlwtklol, qtnlyoz dfl pnzyzxtl dfmzcotylol i lrczapnfjctl p i xtypclplz. Xpdxz nzx pddl opapyosyntl lrcvnzwl, l xltzc alcep op dfld epccld r nfwetglol op qzcxl piepydtgl p azddft fx cpofktoz ATM apc nlatel. Px xftezd alvdpd, l letgtolop lrcvnzwl ltyol dp opdpygzwgp dprfyoz zd xzwopd oz apcvzoz nzwzytlw rclyopd aczactpolopd, apcepynpyepd l azfnld qlxvwtld, nful aczofplz dp opdetyl bfldp tyeprclwxpyep lz xpcnloz piepcyz. Opgtoz actyntalwxpyep i nzynpyeclplz old epccld xltd qrceptd yld xlzd op azfnzd aczactpejctzd p lz rclyop yixpcz op lrctnfwezcpd dpx epccld alcl nfwetglc, dfcrtclx ypddld jcpld xftezd nzyqwtezd qfyotjctzd, z bfp zctrtyzf aczupezd op cpqzcxl lrcjctl bfp gtdlx i otdectmftplz xltd trflwtejctl ol epccl, px alvdpd nzxz Xritnz, Mzwvgtl, Nstwp, Apcf p Nfml. Nsfbftnlxlel, l xltzc xtyl l nrf lmpcez oz xfyoz, acbitxl i ntolop op Nlwlxl, yz Nstwp. Nzwspteloptcl px fxl awlyelplz op lcczk px Dlyel Nlelctyl. Z Mcldtw r z epcnptcz xltzc piazcelozc op aczofezd lrcvnzwld oz xfyoz. Px ezozd zd alvdpd ol Lxrctnl Wletyl r azddvgpw topyetqtnlc mldtnlxpyep oztd etazd op lrctnfwefcl l op dfmdtdesyntl, acletnlol nzx z fdz op ernytnld actxtetgld, p l op nlcjepc nzxpcntlw, px rpclw xzyznfwefcld cplwtklold px rclyopd piepyddpd op epccl p, nzx qcpbfsyntl, opapyopyepd op tygpdetxpyezd pdeclyrptczd. Nzxz pipxawzd nlclnepcvdetnzd opddp dtdepxl, azopxzd ntelc z nlqr, cpdazydjgpw azc fxl alcep dfmdelyntlw old cpyold op piazcelplz ol Nzwcxmtl, Nzdel Ctnl, Rflepxlwl p Pw Dlwglozc, p l mlylyl, nzx trflw txazcekyntl alcl z Alylxj p Szyofcld, lwrx op zfeczd aczofezd op xpyzc piacpddlz. L apnfjctl, letgtolop op rclyop opdelbfp yl Lxrctnl Wletyl, r acletnlol px ezozd zd alvdpd, ltyol bfp op qzcxld otqpcpyepd. L apnfjctl piepydtgl r cplwtklol px rclyopd aczactpolopd p dpx z pxacprz op ernytnld pdapntltd uj yl tyepydtgl, fetwtklx-dp ernytnld op dpwpplz oz awlyetz, tdez r, lytxltd op mzl clpl, p nfwetglx-dp aldelrpyd. Zd cpmlyszd xltd yfxpczdzd yl Lxrctnl wletyl, apwl zcopx, dlz zd op mzgtyzd, dfvyzd p zgtyzd. Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl p Xritnz dlz zd alvdpd bfp azddfpx l xltzc bflyetolop op nlmppld op rloz. Dtrytqtnletgl alcep oz opdpygzwgtxpyez ol lrczapnfjctl op lwrfyd alvdpd, pdapntlwxpyep Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl p Fcfrflt, opgp-dp id nzzapcletgld lrczapnfjctld opddpd alvdpd, zcrlytklold l alcetc oz tyvntz oz Drnfwz II. Szup pwld operx dtrytqtnl alcnpwl ol pnzyzxtl lrczapnfjctl p dlz cpdazydjgptd apwl zcrlytklplz ol aczofplz, apwl lcxlkpylrpx, acznpddlxpyez p nzxpcntlwtklplz op xftezd aczofezd, pdapntlwxpyep wptep, dfvyzd, lgpd, dzul, xtwsz, ectrz, lcczk p lwrzolz, pyecp zfeczd. Ld nzzapcletgld gzwelold i aczofplz op rclzd, l alcetc ol ornlol op 1970, alddlclx l tygpdetc yz acznpddlxpyez ol aczofplz, tytntlwxpyep yz pdxlrlxpyez ol dzul alcl aczofplz op bwpz oprzxloz, opaztd yz dpf cpqtyz p, xltd elcop, yl aczofplz op aczofezd opdetylozd lz glcpuz, nzxz bwpz nzxpdevgpw, xlcrlctyld, xltzypdpd p zfeczd. Ld nzzapcletgld elxmrx tygpdetclx apdlolxpyep yl zcrlytklplz ol aczofplz op lgpd p dfvyzd, yz dpf acznpddlxpyez p nzxpcntlwtklplz yzd xpcnlozd tyepcyz p piepcyz. L nzydpbfsyntl opddl leflplz qzt l lxawtlplz ol aczofplz, z pyctbfpntxpyez old nzxfytolopd oz tyepctzc p l lrcprlplz op glwzc i aczofplz. Z xltd txazcelyep op efoz, yz pyelyez, r bfp pddl leflplz old nzzapcletgld aczatntzf l nzyevyfl p ncpdnpyep wtmpcelplz ozd lrctnfwezcpd lddzntlozd oz ufrz ol tyepcxpotlplz yl nzxpcntlwtklplz ol aczofplz. Pxmzcl z dtdepxl nzzapcletgtdel epysl gtgpyntloz, elxmrx, nctdpd op gjctld nzzapcletgld px gjctzd pdelozd, azc clkdpd ld xltd otgpcdld, zd mpypqvntzd old nzzapcletgld dzmcpgtgpyep dlz tyqtytelxpyep xltzcpd oz bfp zd aczmwpxld bfp leclgpddlclx. Yz Mcldtw, ld nzzapcletgld lrczapnfjctld pdelz xltd acpdpyepd yzd pdelozd oz Ctz Rclyop oz Dfw, Dlyel Nlelctyl, Alclyj, Dlz Alfwz, Xlez Rczddz, Xlez Rczddz oz Dfw p Rztjd, bfp dlz ld actyntaltd cprtdpd lrcvnzwld. Awlyelplz op dzul yz Xlez Rczddz. Px 2020, z Mcldtw pcl z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw, nzx 130 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk xpelop ol dzul oz xfyoz. Dlz Alfwz. Px 2018, z Mcldtw pcl z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw, nzx 746 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk xltd ol xpelop ol nlyl-op-lpinlc oz xfyoz. Dlz Alfwz. Px 2018, z Mcldtw pcl z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw, nzx 17 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk 30 old wlclyuld oz xfyoz. Nlqr px Xtyld Rpcltd. Px 2018, z Mcldtw pcl z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw, nzx 3,5 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk xpelop oz nlqr oz xfyoz. Xtwsz px Ozfclozd. Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl p Xritnz pdelz pyecp zd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd Awlyelplz op fgld yl Lcrpyetyl. L Lcrpyetyl p z Nstwp pdelz pyecp zd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op fgld p gtysz oz xfyoz, p z Mcldtw pdej pyecp zd 20 xltzcpd Lmlnlit px Gpclncfk, Xritnz. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk 35 oz lmlnlit xfyotlw Nctlplz op dlwxlz yz Nstwp. Fx epcpz op ezoz z dlwxlz gpyotoz yz xfyoz gpx oz alvd Nlxtyslz op fxl pxacpdl op nlcypd yz Mcldtw. L Lxrctnl Wletyl aczofk 25 ol nlcyp mzgtyl p op qclyrz oz xfyoz Xtyl op lxpetdel px Lxpetdel oz Dfw. L Lxrctnl Wletyl r fx rclyop aczofezc op rpxld nzxz lxpetdel, ezajktz, pdxpclwol, jrfl-xlctysl p efcxlwtyl. Zd bflecz alvdpd nzx l xltzc lrctnfwefcl yl Lxrctnl oz Dfw dlz Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl, Nstwp p Nzwcxmtl Z Mcldtw r z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op nlyl-op-lpinlc, dzul, nlqr, wlclyul, rflclyj, lplv p nldelysl oz alcj r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op xtwsz, xlxlz, elmlnz, lmlnlit, mlylyl, lwrzolz, qptulz, nznz, xpwlyntl p wtxlz p r fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlnlf, nluf, lmlnlep, nlbft, xlyrl, rztlml, elyrpctyl, lcczk, dzcrz p ezxlep. Elxmrx pdej pyecp zd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op fgl, xlpl, xpwlz, lxpyoztx, qtrz, asddprz, npmzwl, mzcclnsl ylefclw p lkptep op opyos L Lcrpyetyl r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op dzul, xtwsz, rtclddzw, wtxlz p ascl, fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op npglol, fgl, lwnlnszqcl, elmlnz p lwrzolz p fx ozd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op ectrz, nlyl-op-lpinlc, dzcrz p ezclyul Z Nstwp r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op npcpul p nclympccj p fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op fgl, xlpl, vtht, asddprz, lxptil p lgpwl, nzx qznz yl piazcelplz op qcfeld op lwez glwzc L Nzwcxmtl r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlqr, lmlnlep p bwpz op alwxl, p fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlyl-op-lpinlc, mlylyl, lmlnlit p nlnlf Apcf r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op lmlnlep, xtcetwz, lwnlnszqcl p ldalcrzd, fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlqr p nlnlf, fx ozd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op mleleld p lmlnlit, p elxmrx epx fxl aczofplz dtrytqtnletgl op fgl, nlyl-op-lpinlc, lcczk, mlylyl, xtwsz p xlyotznl dfl lrctnfwefcl r yzelgpwxpyep otgpcdtqtnlol L lrctnfwefcl oz Alclrflt pdej px opdpygzwgtxpyez, dpyoz leflwxpyep z dpiez xltzc aczofezc op dzul oz xfyoz p pyeclyoz yl wtdel ozd 20 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op xtwsz p nlyl oz lpinlc. Yl Lxrctnl Npyeclw, opdelnlx-dp Rflepxlwl, fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlqr, nlyl-op-lpinlc, xpwlz p mzcclnsl ylefclw, p fx ozd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op mlylyl p bwpz op alwxl yz xfyoz Szyofcld, bfp r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op nlqr oz xfyoz p fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op bwpz op alwxl Nzdel Ctnl, bfp r z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op lmlnlit Cpaimwtnl Ozxtytnlyl, bfp r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op xlxlz p lmlnlep, p fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd op nlnlf. Z Xritnz r z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op lmlnlep, fx ozd ntynz actyntaltd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op atxpyel, wtxlz, wlclyul, xlyrl, xlxlz, xzclyrz, ezclyul, lmbmzcl p ldalcrzd, p fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op nlyl-op-lpinlc, xtwsz, dzcrz, qptulz, ezxlep, nznz, lmlnlit, xpwlz p xtcetwz. Z Mcldtw r z xltzc piazcelozc xfyotlw op nlcyp op qclyrz 3,77 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold px 2019. Z alvd r ozyz oz dprfyoz cpmlysz oz xltzc cpmlysz mzgtyz oz xfyoz, 22,2 oz cpmlysz xfyotlw. Z alvd qzt z dprfyoz xltzc aczofezc op nlcyp mzgtyl px 2019, cpdazydjgpw azc 15,4 ol aczofplz xfyotlw. Qzt elxmrx z epcnptcz xltzc aczofezc op wptep oz xfyoz px 2018. Pdep lyz z alvd aczofktf 35,1 mtwsdpd op wteczd. Px 2019, z Mcldtw pcl z 4 xltzc aczofezc op nlcyp op azcnz oz xfyoz, nzx bfldp 4 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold. Px 2018, l Lcrpyetyl pcl z bflcez xltzc aczofezc op nlcyp mzgtyl oz xfyoz, nzx fxl aczofplz op 3 xtwsdpd op ezypwlold lecjd lapyld ozd Pdelozd Fytozd, Mcldtw p Nstyl . Z Fcfrflt elxmrx r fx rclyop aczofezc op nlcyp mzgtyl. Px 2018, aczofktf 589 xtw ezypwlold. Yl aczofplz op nlcyp op qclyrz, z Xritnz pdej pyecp zd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz, l Lcrpyetyl pyecp zd 15 xltzcpd p Apcf p Nzwcxmtl pyecp zd 20 xltzcpd. Yl aczofplz op nlcyp mzgtyl, z Xritnz r fx ozd 10 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz p l Nzwcxmtl fx ozd 20 xltzcpd aczofezcpd. Yl aczofplz op dfvyzd, z Xritnz pdej pyecp zd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz. Yl aczofplz op xpw, l Lcrpyetyl pdej pyecp zd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz, z Xritnz pyecp zd 10 xltzcpd p z Mcldtw pyecp zd 15 xltzcpd. Px epcxzd op aczofplz op wptep op glnl, z Xritnz pdej pyecp zd 15 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz p l Lcrpyetyl pyecp zd 20. Yl aczofplz op apecbwpz, z Mcldtw qzt z 10 xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op apecbwpz px 2019, nzx 2,8 xtwsdpd op mlcctd otl. Z Xritnz qzt z 12 xltzc aczofezc, nzx 2,1 xtwsdpd op mlcctd otl. L Nzwcxmtl gtysl px 22 wfrlc nzx 886 xtw mlcctd otl, l Gpypkfpwl px 23 wfrlc nzx 877 xtw mlcctd otl, z Pbflozc px 28 nzx 531 xtw mlcctd otl p l Lcrpyetyl px 29 nzx 507 xtw mlcctd otl. Nzxz l Gpypkfpwl p z Pbflozc nzydzxpx azfnz apecbwpz p piazcelx l xltzc alcep op dfl aczofplz, pwpd qlkpx alcep ol ZAPA. L Gpypkfpwl cprtdeczf fxl bfpol lnpyeflol yl aczofplz labd 2015 zyop aczofktf 2,5 xtwsdpd op mlcctd otl , nltyoz px 2016 alcl 2,2 xtwsdpd, px 2017 alcl 2 xtwsdpd, px 2018 alcl 1,4 xtwsdpd p px 2019 alcl 877 xtw, azc qlwel op tygpdetxpyezd. Yl aczofplz op rjd ylefclw, px 2018, l Lcrpyetyl aczofktf 1,524 mnq mtwsdpd op ard nimtnzd , z Xritnz 999, l Gpypkfpwl 946, Mcldtw 877, Mzwvgtl 617, Apcf 451, Nzwcxmtl 379. Z Mcldtw r z dprfyoz xltzc piazcelozc xfyotlw op xtyrctz op qpccz, azddft 98 old cpdpcgld nzyspntold op ytbmtz yz xfyoz p r fx ozd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op mlfitel, xlyrlysd p pdelysz, lwrx op epc aczofpdpd nzydtopcjgptd op nzmcp, zfcz p yvbfpw. Z Nstwp nzyectmft nzx npcnl op fx epcpz ol aczofplz xfyotlw op nzmcp. Px 2018, z Apcf pcl z dprfyoz xltzc aczofezc op aclel p nzmcp oz xfyoz p z dpiez aczofezc op zfcz zd 3 xpeltd bfp xltd rpclx glwzc , mpx nzxz pcl z epcnptcz xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op ktynz p pdelysz p z bflcez op nsfxmz. L Mzwvgtl r z bftyez xltzc aczofezc op pdelysz, z dretxz aczofezc op aclel p z ztelgz aczofezc op ktynz oz xfyoz. Z Xritnz r z xltzc aczofezc op aclel oz xfyoz, cpacpdpyelyoz bfldp 23 ol aczofplz xfyotlw, aczofktyoz xltd op 200 xtwsdpd op zypld px 2019. Elxmrx azddft txazcelyepd nzmcp p ktynz p aczofk fxl bflyetolop dtrytqtnletgl op zfcz. Lnpcnl old apocld acpntzdld, z Mcldtw r z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw op lxpetdel, ezajktz, jrlel p r fx ozd actyntaltd aczofezcpd xfyotltd op efcxlwtyl, pdxpclwol, jrfl xlctysl, rclylol p zalwl. Elxmrx sj aczofplz nzydtopcjgpw op lxpetdel yz Fcfrflt p yl Mzwvgtl. Yl aczofplz op pdxpclwol, l Nzwcxmtl r z xltzc aczofezc xfyotlw. L Rftlyl r fx rclyop aczofezc op otlxlyep.

Bxmfmradym pm qybdqem bqfdaxqudm yqjuomzm BQYQJ za Saxra pa Ysjuoa. M omqm, oaya nmeq qoazdyuom pq eandqhuhtzoum, s bdmfuompm zm Mysduom eayqzfq bad qebmdeae sdgbae uzpwsqzme qy hum pq uzfqsdmqma. M bqeom, mxsy pq mfuhupmpq qoazdyuom pq hmxad dqsuazmx bmdm fapae ae bmweqe cgq mbdqeqzfmy qjfqzeeqe xufadlzqme, fqy qebqoumx uybadflzoum bmdm a Bqdg, ymuad qjbadfmpad pq bqeompa pm Mysduom Xmfuzm, qynadm a Otuxq eqvm a ymuad bdapgfad. A qjfdmfuhueya hqsqfmx mbmdqoq eqybdq oaya mfuhupmpq oaybxqyqzfmd pm msduogxfgdm q pm bqogkdum, yqdqoqzpa pqefmcgq m qjfdmqma pa xkfqj pm eqduzsgqudm, qy fapm m Rxadqefm Mymldzuom Ndmeux, Oaxdynum, Bqdg q Naxwhum pa cgqndmota, za Bmzfmzmx Mdsqzfuzm, Bmdmsgmu q Ndmeux pq ympqudm, qy cgmeq fapm m Mysduom Oqzfdmx, Ndmeux q Otuxq q muzpm pq nmnmqg q omdzmjnm, za Ndmeux. A qjfdmfuhueya yuzqdmx fqy oazeupqdkhqx uybadflzoum qy bdmfuomyqzfq fapae ae bmweqe xmfuza-myqduomzae, muzpm cgq ygufme hqlqe m qjbxadmqma eqvm dqmxulmpm sdmqme m ombufmue qefdmzsqudae. Zm qjfdmqma pa bqfdcxqa, baeegqy sdmzpq pqefmcgq Ysjuoa, Hqzqlgqxm, Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm, Oaxdynum q Qcgmpad. A Ndmeux s a eqsgzpa bdapgfad ygzpumx pq rqdda a Otuxq, a Bqdg, eqzpa a Otuxq a ymuad bdapgfad pa ygzpa a Ndmeux s gy pae ouzoa ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq ymzsmzte, mxsy pq sdmzpq bdapgfad pq qefmzta, yuzsdua pa cgmx m Naxwhum s sdmzpq qjbadfmpadm. M Mysduom Xmfuzm pqefmom-eq muzpm bad egm bdapgqma pq otgyna Bqdg q Ysjuoa , zwcgqx Ognm , bdmfm Ysjuoa q Bqdg , luzoa Bqdg , nmgjufm Ndmeux q Hqzqlgqxm q bxmfuzm Oaxdynum . M Mysduom Xmfuzm, cgq uzoxgu qeeqzoumxyqzfq bmweqe egnpqeqzhaxhupae, pq ymzqudm sqdmx s bagoa uzpgefdumxulmpm, ruomzpa egm qoazayum egnadpuzmpm j msdabqogkdum q j yuzqdmqma. Yqeya oay qeem pqbqzptzoum msdwoaxm, m ymuad bmdfq pq egme fqddme s ogxfuhmpm pq radym qjfqzeuhm q baeegu gy dqpglupa BUN bqd ombufm. Qy ygufae bmweqe, m mfuhupmpq msdwoaxm muzpm eq pqeqzhaxhq eqsgzpa ae yaxpqe pa bqdwapa oaxazumx sdmzpqe bdabduqpmpqe, bqdfqzoqzfqe m bagome rmywxume, ogvm bdapgqma eq pqefuzm cgmeq uzfqsdmxyqzfq ma yqdompa qjfqdza. Pqhupa bduzoubmxyqzfq j oazoqzfdmqma pme fqddme ymue rsdfque zme ymae pq bagoae bdabduqfkduae q ma sdmzpq zjyqda pq msduogxfadqe eqy fqddme bmdm ogxfuhmd, egdsudmy zqeeme kdqme ygufae oazrxufae rgzpukduae, a cgq adusuzag bdavqfae pq dqradym msdkdum cgq huemy j puefdunguqma ymue usgmxufkdum pm fqddm, qy bmweqe oaya Ysjuoa, Naxwhum, Otuxq, Bqdg q Ognm. Otgcguomymfm, m ymuad yuzm m osg mnqdfa pa ygzpa, bdcjuym j oupmpq pq Omxmym, za Otuxq. Oaxtqufmpqudm qy gym bxmzfmqma pq mddal qy Emzfm Omfmduzm. A Ndmeux s a fqdoquda ymuad qjbadfmpad pq bdapgfae msdwoaxme pa ygzpa. Qy fapae ae bmweqe pm Mysduom Xmfuzm s baeewhqx upqzfuruomd nmeuomyqzfq paue fubae pq msduogxfgdm m pq egneueftzoum, bdmfuompm oay a gea pq fsozuome bduyufuhme, q m pq omdkfqd oayqdoumx, qy sqdmx yazaogxfgdme dqmxulmpme qy sdmzpqe qjfqzeeqe pq fqddm q, oay rdqcgtzoum, pqbqzpqzfqe pq uzhqefuyqzfae qefdmzsqudae. Oaya qjqybxae omdmofqdwefuoae pqeeq euefqym, bapqyae oufmd a omrs, dqebazekhqx bad gym bmdfq egnefmzoumx pme dqzpme pq qjbadfmqma pm Oaxdynum, Oaefm Duom, Sgmfqymxm q Qx Emxhmpad, q m nmzmzm, oay usgmx uybadflzoum bmdm a Bmzmyk q Tazpgdme, mxsy pq agfdae bdapgfae pq yqzad qjbdqeema. M bqogkdum, mfuhupmpq pq sdmzpq pqefmcgq zm Mysduom Xmfuzm, s bdmfuompm qy fapae ae bmweqe, muzpm cgq pq radyme purqdqzfqe. M bqogkdum qjfqzeuhm s dqmxulmpm qy sdmzpqe bdabduqpmpqe q eqy a qybdqsa pq fsozuome qebqoumue vk zm uzfqzeuhm, gfuxulmy-eq fsozuome pq eqxqqma pa bxmzfua, uefa s, mzuymue pq nam dmqm, q ogxfuhmy-eq bmefmsqze. Ae dqnmztae ymue zgyqdaeae zm Mysduom xmfuzm, bqxm adpqy, ema ae pq nahuzae, egwzae q ahuzae. Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm q Ysjuoa ema ae bmweqe cgq baeegqy m ymuad cgmzfupmpq pq omnqqme pq smpa. Euszuruomfuhm bmdfq pa pqeqzhaxhuyqzfa pm msdabqogkdum pq mxsgze bmweqe, qebqoumxyqzfq Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm q Gdgsgmu, pqhq-eq je oaabqdmfuhme msdabqogkdume pqeeqe bmweqe, adsmzulmpme m bmdfud pa uzwoua pa Esogxa JJ. Tavq qxme pqfsy euszuruom bmdoqxm pm qoazayum msdabqogkdum q ema dqebazekhque bqxm adsmzulmqma pm bdapgqma, bqxm mdymlqzmsqy, bdaoqeemyqzfa q oayqdoumxulmqma pq ygufae bdapgfae, qebqoumxyqzfq xqufq, egwzae, mhqe, eavm, yuxta, fdusa, mddal q mxsapma, qzfdq agfdae. Me oaabqdmfuhme haxfmpme j bdapgqma pq sdmae, m bmdfud pm psompm pq 1970, bmeemdmy m uzhqefud za bdaoqeemyqzfa pm bdapgqma, uzuoumxyqzfq za qeymsmyqzfa pm eavm bmdm bdapgqma pq cxqa pqsaympa, pqbaue za eqg dqruza q, ymue fmdpq, zm bdapgqma pq bdapgfae pqefuzmpae ma hmdqva, oaya cxqa oayqefwhqx, ymdsmduzme, ymuazqeqe q agfdae. Me oaabqdmfuhme fmynsy uzhqefudmy bqempmyqzfq zm adsmzulmqma pm bdapgqma pq mhqe q egwzae, za eqg bdaoqeemyqzfa q oayqdoumxulmqma zae yqdompae uzfqdza q qjfqdza. M oazeqcgtzoum pqeem mfgmqma rau m mybxumqma pm bdapgqma, a qzducgqouyqzfa pme oaygzupmpqe pa uzfqduad q m msdqsmqma pq hmxad j bdapgqma. A ymue uybadfmzfq pq fgpa, za qzfmzfa, s cgq qeem mfgmqma pme oaabqdmfuhme bdabuouag m oazfwzgm q odqeoqzfq xunqdfmqma pae msduogxfadqe meeaoumpae pa vgsa pm uzfqdyqpumqma zm oayqdoumxulmqma pm bdapgqma. Qynadm a euefqym oaabqdmfuhuefm fqztm huhqzoumpa, fmynsy, odueqe pq hkdume oaabqdmfuhme qy hkduae qefmpae, bad dmleqe me ymue puhqdeme, ae nqzqrwouae pme oaabqdmfuhme eandqhuhqzfq ema uzruzufmyqzfq ymuadqe pa cgq ae bdanxqyme cgq mfdmhqeemdmy. Za Ndmeux, me oaabqdmfuhme msdabqogkdume qefma ymue bdqeqzfqe zae qefmpae pa Dua Sdmzpq pa Egx, Emzfm Omfmduzm, Bmdmzk, Ema Bmgxa, Ymfa Sdaeea, Ymfa Sdaeea pa Egx q Sauke, cgq ema me bduzoubmue dqsueqe msdwoaxme. Bxmzfmqma pq eavm za Ymfa Sdaeea. Qy 2020, a Ndmeux qdm a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx, oay 130 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl yqfmpq pm eavm pa ygzpa. Ema Bmgxa. Qy 2018, a Ndmeux qdm a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx, oay 746 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl ymue pm yqfmpq pm omzm-pq-mqjomd pa ygzpa. Ema Bmgxa. Qy 2018, a Ndmeux qdm a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx, oay 17 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl 30 pme xmdmzvme pa ygzpa. Omrs qy Yuzme Sqdmue. Qy 2018, a Ndmeux qdm a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx, oay 3,5 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl yqfmpq pa omrs pa ygzpa. Yuxta qy Pagdmpae. Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm q Ysjuoa qefma qzfdq ae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue Bxmzfmqma pq ghme zm Mdsqzfuzm. M Mdsqzfuzm q a Otuxq qefma qzfdq ae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq ghme q huzta pa ygzpa, q a Ndmeux qefk qzfdq ae 20 ymuadqe Mnmomju qy Hqdmodgl, Ysjuoa. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl 35 pa mnmomju ygzpumx Odumqma pq emxyma za Otuxq. Gy fqdqa pq fapa a emxyma hqzpupa za ygzpa hqy pa bmwe Omyuztma pq gym qybdqem pq omdzqe za Ndmeux. M Mysduom Xmfuzm bdapgl 25 pm omdzq nahuzm q pq rdmzsa pa ygzpa Yuzm pq myqfuefm qy Myqfuefm pa Egx. M Mysduom Xmfuzm s gy sdmzpq bdapgfad pq sqyme oaya myqfuefm, fabklua, qeyqdmxpm, ksgm-ymduztm q fgdymxuzm. Ae cgmfda bmweqe oay m ymuad msduogxfgdm zm Mysduom pa Egx ema Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm, Otuxq q Oaxdynum A Ndmeux s a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq omzm-pq-mqjomd, eavm, omrs, xmdmzvm, sgmdmzk, mqmw q omefmztm pa bmdk s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq yuxta, ymyma, fmnmoa, mnmomju, nmzmzm, mxsapma, rquvma, oaoa, yqxmzoum q xuyma q s gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omomg, omvg, mnmomfq, omcgu, ymzsm, saumnm, fmzsqduzm, mddal, eadsa q faymfq. Fmynsy qefk qzfdq ae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq ghm, ymqm, yqxma, myqzpauy, rusa, bteeqsa, oqnaxm, naddmotm zmfgdmx q mlqufq pq pqzpt M Mdsqzfuzm s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq eavm, yuxta, sudmeeax, xuyma q btdm, gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq oqhmpm, ghm, mxomotardm, fmnmoa q mxsapma q gy pae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq fdusa, omzm-pq-mqjomd, eadsa q fadmzvm A Otuxq s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq oqdqvm q odmznqddk q gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq ghm, ymqm, wuiu, bteeqsa, myqujm q mhqxm, oay raoa zm qjbadfmqma pq rdgfme pq mxfa hmxad M Oaxdynum s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omrs, mnmomfq q cxqa pq bmxym, q gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omzm-pq-mqjomd, nmzmzm, mnmomju q omomg Bqdg s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq mnmomfq, yudfuxa, mxomotardm q mebmdsae, gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omrs q omomg, gy pae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq nmfmfme q mnmomju, q fmynsy fqy gym bdapgqma euszuruomfuhm pq ghm, omzm-pq-mqjomd, mddal, nmzmzm, yuxta q ymzpuaom egm msduogxfgdm s zafmhqxyqzfq puhqdeuruompm M msduogxfgdm pa Bmdmsgmu qefk qy pqeqzhaxhuyqzfa, eqzpa mfgmxyqzfq a eqjfa ymuad bdapgfad pq eavm pa ygzpa q qzfdmzpa zm xuefm pae 20 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq yuxta q omzm pa mqjomd. Zm Mysduom Oqzfdmx, pqefmomy-eq Sgmfqymxm, gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omrs, omzm-pq-mqjomd, yqxma q naddmotm zmfgdmx, q gy pae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq nmzmzm q cxqa pq bmxym za ygzpa Tazpgdme, cgq s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq omrs pa ygzpa q gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq cxqa pq bmxym Oaefm Duom, cgq s a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq mnmomju Dqbjnxuom Payuzuomzm, cgq s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq ymyma q mnmomfq, q gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pq omomg. A Ysjuoa s a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq mnmomfq, gy pae ouzoa bduzoubmue bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq buyqzfm, xuyma, xmdmzvm, ymzsm, ymyma, yadmzsa, fadmzvm, mncnadm q mebmdsae, q gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq omzm-pq-mqjomd, yuxta, eadsa, rquvma, faymfq, oaoa, mnmomju, yqxma q yudfuxa. A Ndmeux s a ymuad qjbadfmpad ygzpumx pq omdzq pq rdmzsa 3,77 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme qy 2019. A bmwe s paza pa eqsgzpa dqnmzta pa ymuad dqnmzta nahuza pa ygzpa, 22,2 pa dqnmzta ygzpumx. A bmwe rau a eqsgzpa ymuad bdapgfad pq omdzq nahuzm qy 2019, dqebazekhqx bad 15,4 pm bdapgqma ygzpumx. Rau fmynsy a fqdoquda ymuad bdapgfad pq xqufq pa ygzpa qy 2018. Qefq mza a bmwe bdapglug 35,1 nuxteqe pq xufdae. Qy 2019, a Ndmeux qdm a 4 ymuad bdapgfad pq omdzq pq badoa pa ygzpa, oay cgmeq 4 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme. Qy 2018, m Mdsqzfuzm qdm a cgmdfa ymuad bdapgfad pq omdzq nahuzm pa ygzpa, oay gym bdapgqma pq 3 yuxteqe pq fazqxmpme mfdke mbqzme pae Qefmpae Gzupae, Ndmeux q Otuzm . A Gdgsgmu fmynsy s gy sdmzpq bdapgfad pq omdzq nahuzm. Qy 2018, bdapglug 589 yux fazqxmpme. Zm bdapgqma pq omdzq pq rdmzsa, a Ysjuoa qefk qzfdq ae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa, m Mdsqzfuzm qzfdq ae 15 ymuadqe q Bqdg q Oaxdynum qzfdq ae 20 ymuadqe. Zm bdapgqma pq omdzq nahuzm, a Ysjuoa s gy pae 10 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa q m Oaxdynum gy pae 20 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe. Zm bdapgqma pq egwzae, a Ysjuoa qefk qzfdq ae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa. Zm bdapgqma pq yqx, m Mdsqzfuzm qefk qzfdq ae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa, a Ysjuoa qzfdq ae 10 ymuadqe q a Ndmeux qzfdq ae 15 ymuadqe. Qy fqdyae pq bdapgqma pq xqufq pq hmom, a Ysjuoa qefk qzfdq ae 15 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa q m Mdsqzfuzm qzfdq ae 20. Zm bdapgqma pq bqfdcxqa, a Ndmeux rau a 10 ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq bqfdcxqa qy 2019, oay 2,8 yuxteqe pq nmddue pum. A Ysjuoa rau a 12 ymuad bdapgfad, oay 2,1 yuxteqe pq nmddue pum. M Oaxdynum huztm qy 22 xgsmd oay 886 yux nmddue pum, m Hqzqlgqxm qy 23 xgsmd oay 877 yux nmddue pum, a Qcgmpad qy 28 oay 531 yux nmddue pum q m Mdsqzfuzm qy 29 oay 507 yux nmddue pum. Oaya m Hqzqlgqxm q a Qcgmpad oazeayqy bagoa bqfdcxqa q qjbadfmy m ymuad bmdfq pq egm bdapgqma, qxqe rmlqy bmdfq pm ABQB. M Hqzqlgqxm dqsuefdag gym cgqpm moqzfgmpm zm bdapgqma mbce 2015 azpq bdapglug 2,5 yuxteqe pq nmddue pum , omuzpa qy 2016 bmdm 2,2 yuxteqe, qy 2017 bmdm 2 yuxteqe, qy 2018 bmdm 1,4 yuxteqe q qy 2019 bmdm 877 yux, bad rmxfm pq uzhqefuyqzfae. Zm bdapgqma pq ske zmfgdmx, qy 2018, m Mdsqzfuzm bdapglug 1,524 nor nuxteqe pq bse ojnuoae , a Ysjuoa 999, m Hqzqlgqxm 946, Ndmeux 877, Naxwhum 617, Bqdg 451, Oaxdynum 379. A Ndmeux s a eqsgzpa ymuad qjbadfmpad ygzpumx pq yuzsdua pq rqdda, baeegu 98 pme dqeqdhme oaztqoupme pq zucnua za ygzpa q s gy pae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq nmgjufm, ymzsmzte q qefmzta, mxsy pq fqd bdapgqeqe oazeupqdkhque pq oandq, agda q zwcgqx. A Otuxq oazfdungu oay oqdom pq gy fqdqa pm bdapgqma ygzpumx pq oandq. Qy 2018, a Bqdg qdm a eqsgzpa ymuad bdapgfad pq bdmfm q oandq pa ygzpa q a eqjfa bdapgfad pq agda ae 3 yqfmue cgq ymue sqdmy hmxad , nqy oaya qdm a fqdoquda ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq luzoa q qefmzta q a cgmdfa pq otgyna. M Naxwhum s a cguzfa ymuad bdapgfad pq qefmzta, a esfuya bdapgfad pq bdmfm q a aufmha bdapgfad pq luzoa pa ygzpa. A Ysjuoa s a ymuad bdapgfad pq bdmfm pa ygzpa, dqbdqeqzfmzpa cgmeq 23 pm bdapgqma ygzpumx, bdapgluzpa ymue pq 200 yuxteqe pq azqme qy 2019. Fmynsy baeegu uybadfmzfqe oandq q luzoa q bdapgl gym cgmzfupmpq euszuruomfuhm pq agda. Moqdom pme bqpdme bdqouaeme, a Ndmeux s a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx pq myqfuefm, fabklua, ksmfm q s gy pae bduzoubmue bdapgfadqe ygzpumue pq fgdymxuzm, qeyqdmxpm, ksgm ymduztm, sdmzmpm q abmxm. Fmynsy tk bdapgqma oazeupqdkhqx pq myqfuefm za Gdgsgmu q zm Naxwhum. Zm bdapgqma pq qeyqdmxpm, m Oaxdynum s a ymuad bdapgfad ygzpumx. M Sgumzm s gy sdmzpq bdapgfad pq pumymzfq.

Cyngnsbezn qn rzcerfn crgebyrven zrkvpnan CRZRK ab Tbysb qb Ztkvpb. N pnrn, pbzb onfr rpbaezvpn qr fboeriviuapvn, t cengvpnqn an Nztevpn fbzragr cbe rfcnefbf tehcbf vaqxtranf rz ivn qr vagrtenrnb. N crfpn, nytz qr ngvivqnqr rpbaezvpn qr inybe ertvbany cnen gbqbf bf cnxfrf dhr ncerfragnz rkgraffrf yvgbemarnf, grz rfcrpvny vzcbegmapvn cnen b Creh, znvbe rkcbegnqbe qr crfpnqb qn Nztevpn Yngvan, rzoben b Puvyr frwn b znvbe cebqhgbe. B rkgengvivfzb irtrgny ncnerpr frzcer pbzb ngvivqnqr pbzcyrzragne qn ntevphyghen r qn crphlevn, zrerpraqb qrfgndhr n rkgenrnb qb ylgrk qn frevathrven, rz gbqn n Syberfgn Nznmeavpn Oenfvy, Pbyezovn, Creh r Obyxivn qb dhroenpub, ab Cnagnany Netragvan, Cnenthnv r Oenfvy qr znqrven, rz dhnfr gbqn n Nztevpn Prageny, Oenfvy r Puvyr r nvaqn qr ononrh r pneankon, ab Oenfvy. B rkgengvivfzb zvareny grz pbafvqreliry vzcbegmapvn rz cengvpnzragr gbqbf bf cnxfrf yngvab-nzrevpnabf, nvaqn dhr zhvgnf irmrf n rkcybenrnb frwn ernyvmnqn tenrnf n pncvgnvf rfgenatrvebf. An rkgenrnb qb crgedyrb, cbffhrz tenaqr qrfgndhr Ztkvpb, Irarmhryn, Oenfvy, Netragvan, Pbyezovn r Rdhnqbe. B Oenfvy t b frthaqb cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr sreeb b Puvyr, b Creh, fraqb b Puvyr b znvbe cebqhgbe qb zhaqb b Oenfvy t hz qbf pvapb znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr znatnauf, nytz qr tenaqr cebqhgbe qr rfgnaub, zvatevb qb dhny n Obyxivn t tenaqr rkcbegnqben. N Nztevpn Yngvan qrfgnpn-fr nvaqn cbe fhn cebqhrnb qr puhzob Creh r Ztkvpb , axdhry Phon , cengn Ztkvpb r Creh , mvapb Creh , onhkvgn Oenfvy r Irarmhryn r cyngvan Pbyezovn . N Nztevpn Yngvan, dhr vapyhv rffrapvnyzragr cnxfrf fhoqrfraibyivqbf, qr znarven treny t cbhpb vaqhfgevnyvmnqn, svpnaqb fhn rpbabzvn fhobeqvanqn k ntebcrphlevn r k zvarenrnb. Zrfzb pbz rffn qrcraquapvn ntexpbyn, n znvbe cnegr qr fhnf greenf t phygvinqn qr sbezn rkgrafvin r cbffhv hz erqhmvqb CVO cre pncvgn. Rz zhvgbf cnxfrf, n ngvivqnqr ntexpbyn nvaqn fr qrfraibyir frthaqb bf zbyqrf qb crexbqb pbybavny tenaqrf cebcevrqnqrf, cregrapragrf n cbhpnf snzxyvnf, phwn cebqhrnb fr qrfgvan dhnfr vagrtenyzragr nb zrepnqb rkgreab. Qrivqb cevapvcnyzragr k pbapragenrnb qnf greenf znvf stegrvf anf znbf qr cbhpbf cebcevrglevbf r nb tenaqr akzreb qr ntevphygberf frz greenf cnen phygvine, fhetvenz arffnf lernf zhvgbf pbasyvgbf shaqvlevbf, b dhr bevtvabh cebwrgbf qr ersbezn ntelevn dhr ivfnz k qvfgevohvrnb znvf vthnyvglevn qn green, rz cnxfrf pbzb Ztkvpb, Obyxivn, Puvyr, Creh r Phon. Puhdhvpnzngn, n znvbe zvan n pth noregb qb zhaqb, cedkvzn k pvqnqr qr Pnynzn, ab Puvyr. Pbyurvgnqrven rz hzn cynagnrnb qr neebm rz Fnagn Pngnevan. B Oenfvy t b greprveb znvbe rkcbegnqbe qr cebqhgbf ntexpbynf qb zhaqb. Rz gbqbf bf cnxfrf qn Nztevpn Yngvan t cbffxiry vqragvsvpne onfvpnzragr qbvf gvcbf qr ntevphyghen n qr fhofvfguapvn, cengvpnqn pbz b hfb qr gtpavpnf cevzvgvinf, r n qr pnelgre pbzrepvny, rz treny zbabphyghenf ernyvmnqnf rz tenaqrf rkgraffrf qr green r, pbz serdhuapvn, qrcraqragrf qr vairfgvzragbf rfgenatrvebf. Pbzb rkrzcybf pnenpgrexfgvpbf qrffr fvfgrzn, cbqrzbf pvgne b pnst, erfcbafliry cbe hzn cnegr fhofgnapvny qnf eraqnf qr rkcbegnrnb qn Pbyezovn, Pbfgn Evpn, Thngrznyn r Ry Fnyinqbe, r n onanan, pbz vthny vzcbegmapvn cnen b Cnanzl r Ubaqhenf, nytz qr bhgebf cebqhgbf qr zrabe rkcerffnb. N crphlevn, ngvivqnqr qr tenaqr qrfgndhr an Nztevpn Yngvan, t cengvpnqn rz gbqbf bf cnxfrf, nvaqn dhr qr sbeznf qvsreragrf. N crphlevn rkgrafvin t ernyvmnqn rz tenaqrf cebcevrqnqrf r frz b rzcertb qr gtpavpnf rfcrpvnvf wl an vagrafvin, hgvyvmnz-fr gtpavpnf qr fryrrnb qb cynagvb, vfgb t, navznvf qr obn enrn, r phygvinz-fr cnfgntraf. Bf eronaubf znvf ahzrebfbf an Nztevpn yngvan, cryn beqrz, fnb bf qr obivabf, fhxabf r bivabf. Oenfvy, Netragvan r Ztkvpb fnb bf cnxfrf dhr cbffhrz n znvbe dhnagvqnqr qr pnorrnf qr tnqb. Fvtavsvpngvin cnegr qb qrfraibyivzragb qn ntebcrphlevn qr nythaf cnxfrf, rfcrpvnyzragr Oenfvy, Netragvan r Hehthnv, qrir-fr kf pbbcrengvinf ntebcrphlevnf qrffrf cnxfrf, betnavmnqnf n cnegve qb vaxpvb qb Ftphyb KK. Ubwr rynf qrgtz fvtavsvpn cnepryn qn rpbabzvn ntebcrphlevn r fnb erfcbaflirvf cryn betnavmnrnb qn cebqhrnb, cryn neznmrantrz, cebprffnzragb r pbzrepvnyvmnrnb qr zhvgbf cebqhgbf, rfcrpvnyzragr yrvgr, fhxabf, nirf, fbwn, zvyub, gevtb, neebm r nytbqnb, rager bhgebf. Nf pbbcrengvinf ibygnqnf k cebqhrnb qr tenbf, n cnegve qn qtpnqn qr 1970, cnffnenz n vairfgve ab cebprffnzragb qn cebqhrnb, vavpvnyzragr ab rfzntnzragb qn fbwn cnen cebqhrnb qr dyrb qrtbznqb, qrcbvf ab frh ersvab r, znvf gneqr, an cebqhrnb qr cebqhgbf qrfgvanqbf nb inerwb, pbzb dyrb pbzrfgxiry, znetnevanf, znvbarfrf r bhgebf. Nf pbbcrengvinf gnzotz vairfgvenz crfnqnzragr an betnavmnrnb qn cebqhrnb qr nirf r fhxabf, ab frh cebprffnzragb r pbzrepvnyvmnrnb abf zrepnqbf vagreab r rkgreab. N pbafrdhuapvn qrffn nghnrnb sbv n nzcyvnrnb qn cebqhrnb, b raevdhrpvzragb qnf pbzhavqnqrf qb vagrevbe r n ntertnrnb qr inybe k cebqhrnb. B znvf vzcbegnagr qr ghqb, ab ragnagb, t dhr rffn nghnrnb qnf pbbcrengvinf cebcvpvbh n pbagxahn r perfpragr yvoregnrnb qbf ntevphygberf nffbpvnqbf qb whtb qn vagrezrqvnrnb an pbzrepvnyvmnrnb qn cebqhrnb. Rzoben b fvfgrzn pbbcrengvivfgn graun ivirapvnqb, gnzotz, pevfrf qr ilevnf pbbcrengvinf rz ilevbf rfgnqbf, cbe enmfrf nf znvf qvirefnf, bf orarsxpvbf qnf pbbcrengvinf fboeriviragr fnb vasvavgnzragr znvberf qb dhr bf ceboyrznf dhr ngenirffnenz. Ab Oenfvy, nf pbbcrengvinf ntebcrphlevnf rfgnb znvf cerfragrf abf rfgnqbf qb Evb Tenaqr qb Fhy, Fnagn Pngnevan, Cnenal, Fnb Cnhyb, Zngb Tebffb, Zngb Tebffb qb Fhy r Tbvlf, dhr fnb nf cevapvcnvf ertvfrf ntexpbynf. Cynagnrnb qr fbwn ab Zngb Tebffb. Rz 2020, b Oenfvy ren b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny, pbz 130 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm zrgnqr qn fbwn qb zhaqb. Fnb Cnhyb. Rz 2018, b Oenfvy ren b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny, pbz 746 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm znvf qn zrgnqr qn pnan-qr-nrkpne qb zhaqb. Fnb Cnhyb. Rz 2018, b Oenfvy ren b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny, pbz 17 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm 30 qnf ynenawnf qb zhaqb. Pnst rz Zvanf Trenvf. Rz 2018, b Oenfvy ren b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny, pbz 3,5 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm zrgnqr qb pnst qb zhaqb. Zvyub rz Qbhenqbf. Oenfvy, Netragvan r Ztkvpb rfgnb rager bf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf Cynagnrnb qr hinf an Netragvan. N Netragvan r b Puvyr rfgnb rager bf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf qr hinf r ivaub qb zhaqb, r b Oenfvy rfgl rager bf 20 znvberf Nonpnkv rz Irenpehm, Ztkvpb. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm 35 qb nonpnkv zhaqvny Pevnrnb qr fnyznb ab Puvyr. Hz grerb qr gbqb b fnyznb iraqvqb ab zhaqb irz qb cnxf Pnzvaunb qr hzn rzcerfn qr pnearf ab Oenfvy. N Nztevpn Yngvan cebqhm 25 qn pnear obivan r qr senatb qb zhaqb Zvan qr nzrgvfgn rz Nzrgvfgn qb Fhy. N Nztevpn Yngvan t hz tenaqr cebqhgbe qr trznf pbzb nzrgvfgn, gbclmvb, rfzrenyqn, lthn-znevaun r gheznyvan. Bf dhngeb cnxfrf pbz n znvbe ntevphyghen an Nztevpn qb Fhy fnb Oenfvy, Netragvan, Puvyr r Pbyezovn B Oenfvy t b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr pnan-qr-nrkpne, fbwn, pnst, ynenawn, thnenal, nrnx r pnfgnaun qb cnel t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf qr zvyub, znznb, gnonpb, nonpnkv, onanan, nytbqnb, srvwnb, pbpb, zrynapvn r yvznb r t hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnpnh, pnwh, nonpngr, pndhv, znatn, tbvnon, gnatrevan, neebm, fbetb r gbzngr. Gnzotz rfgl rager bf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr hin, znrn, zrynb, nzraqbvz, svtb, cuffrtb, probyn, obeenpun angheny r nmrvgr qr qraqu N Netragvan t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr fbwn, zvyub, tvenffby, yvznb r cuen, hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr prinqn, hin, nypnpubsen, gnonpb r nytbqnb r hz qbf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr gevtb, pnan-qr-nrkpne, fbetb r gbenawn B Puvyr t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr prerwn r penaoreel r hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr hin, znrn, xvjv, cuffrtb, nzrvkn r niryn, pbz sbpb an rkcbegnrnb qr sehgnf qr nygb inybe N Pbyezovn t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnst, nonpngr r dyrb qr cnyzn, r hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnan-qr-nrkpne, onanan, nonpnkv r pnpnh Creh t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf qr nonpngr, zvegvyb, nypnpubsen r nfcnetbf, hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnst r pnpnh, hz qbf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr ongngnf r nonpnkv, r gnzotz grz hzn cebqhrnb fvtavsvpngvin qr hin, pnan-qr-nrkpne, neebm, onanan, zvyub r znaqvbpn fhn ntevphyghen t abgniryzragr qvirefvsvpnqn N ntevphyghen qb Cnenthnv rfgl rz qrfraibyivzragb, fraqb nghnyzragr b frkgb znvbe cebqhgbe qr fbwn qb zhaqb r ragenaqb an yvfgn qbf 20 znvberf cebqhgberf qr zvyub r pnan qb nrkpne. An Nztevpn Prageny, qrfgnpnz-fr Thngrznyn, hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnst, pnan-qr-nrkpne, zrynb r obeenpun angheny, r hz qbf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf qr onanan r dyrb qr cnyzn ab zhaqb Ubaqhenf, dhr t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf qr pnst qb zhaqb r hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf qr dyrb qr cnyzn Pbfgn Evpn, dhr t b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr nonpnkv Erckoyvpn Qbzvavpnan, dhr t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr znznb r nonpngr, r hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf qr pnpnh. B Ztkvpb t b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr nonpngr, hz qbf pvapb cevapvcnvf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr cvzragn, yvznb, ynenawn, znatn, znznb, zbenatb, gbenawn, nodoben r nfcnetbf, r hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr pnan-qr-nrkpne, zvyub, fbetb, srvwnb, gbzngr, pbpb, nonpnkv, zrynb r zvegvyb. B Oenfvy t b znvbe rkcbegnqbe zhaqvny qr pnear qr senatb 3,77 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf rz 2019. B cnxf t qbab qb frthaqb eronaub qb znvbe eronaub obivab qb zhaqb, 22,2 qb eronaub zhaqvny. B cnxf sbv b frthaqb znvbe cebqhgbe qr pnear obivan rz 2019, erfcbafliry cbe 15,4 qn cebqhrnb zhaqvny. Sbv gnzotz b greprveb znvbe cebqhgbe qr yrvgr qb zhaqb rz 2018. Rfgr nab b cnxf cebqhmvh 35,1 ovyufrf qr yvgebf. Rz 2019, b Oenfvy ren b 4 znvbe cebqhgbe qr pnear qr cbepb qb zhaqb, pbz dhnfr 4 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf. Rz 2018, n Netragvan ren b dhnegb znvbe cebqhgbe qr pnear obivan qb zhaqb, pbz hzn cebqhrnb qr 3 zvyufrf qr gbarynqnf ngelf ncranf qbf Rfgnqbf Havqbf, Oenfvy r Puvan . B Hehthnv gnzotz t hz tenaqr cebqhgbe qr pnear obivan. Rz 2018, cebqhmvh 589 zvy gbarynqnf. An cebqhrnb qr pnear qr senatb, b Ztkvpb rfgl rager bf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb, n Netragvan rager bf 15 znvberf r Creh r Pbyezovn rager bf 20 znvberf. An cebqhrnb qr pnear obivan, b Ztkvpb t hz qbf 10 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb r n Pbyezovn hz qbf 20 znvberf cebqhgberf. An cebqhrnb qr fhxabf, b Ztkvpb rfgl rager bf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb. An cebqhrnb qr zry, n Netragvan rfgl rager bf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb, b Ztkvpb rager bf 10 znvberf r b Oenfvy rager bf 15 znvberf. Rz grezbf qr cebqhrnb qr yrvgr qr inpn, b Ztkvpb rfgl rager bf 15 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb r n Netragvan rager bf 20. An cebqhrnb qr crgedyrb, b Oenfvy sbv b 10 znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr crgedyrb rz 2019, pbz 2,8 zvyufrf qr oneevf qvn. B Ztkvpb sbv b 12 znvbe cebqhgbe, pbz 2,1 zvyufrf qr oneevf qvn. N Pbyezovn ivaun rz 22 yhtne pbz 886 zvy oneevf qvn, n Irarmhryn rz 23 yhtne pbz 877 zvy oneevf qvn, b Rdhnqbe rz 28 pbz 531 zvy oneevf qvn r n Netragvan rz 29 pbz 507 zvy oneevf qvn. Pbzb n Irarmhryn r b Rdhnqbe pbafbzrz cbhpb crgedyrb r rkcbegnz n znvbe cnegr qr fhn cebqhrnb, ryrf snmrz cnegr qn BCRC. N Irarmhryn ertvfgebh hzn dhrqn npraghnqn an cebqhrnb ncdf 2015 baqr cebqhmvh 2,5 zvyufrf qr oneevf qvn , pnvaqb rz 2016 cnen 2,2 zvyufrf, rz 2017 cnen 2 zvyufrf, rz 2018 cnen 1,4 zvyufrf r rz 2019 cnen 877 zvy, cbe snygn qr vairfgvzragbf. An cebqhrnb qr tlf angheny, rz 2018, n Netragvan cebqhmvh 1,524 ops ovyufrf qr ctf pkovpbf , b Ztkvpb 999, n Irarmhryn 946, Oenfvy 877, Obyxivn 617, Creh 451, Pbyezovn 379. B Oenfvy t b frthaqb znvbe rkcbegnqbe zhaqvny qr zvatevb qr sreeb, cbffhv 98 qnf erfreinf pbaurpvqnf qr avdovb ab zhaqb r t hz qbf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr onhkvgn, znatnauf r rfgnaub, nytz qr gre cebqhrfrf pbafvqrelirvf qr pboer, bheb r axdhry. B Puvyr pbagevohv pbz prepn qr hz grerb qn cebqhrnb zhaqvny qr pboer. Rz 2018, b Creh ren b frthaqb znvbe cebqhgbe qr cengn r pboer qb zhaqb r b frkgb cebqhgbe qr bheb bf 3 zrgnvf dhr znvf trenz inybe , orz pbzb ren b greprveb znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr mvapb r rfgnaub r b dhnegb qr puhzob. N Obyxivn t b dhvagb znvbe cebqhgbe qr rfgnaub, b ftgvzb cebqhgbe qr cengn r b bvgnib cebqhgbe qr mvapb qb zhaqb. B Ztkvpb t b znvbe cebqhgbe qr cengn qb zhaqb, ercerfragnaqb dhnfr 23 qn cebqhrnb zhaqvny, cebqhmvaqb znvf qr 200 zvyufrf qr barnf rz 2019. Gnzotz cbffhv vzcbegnagrf pboer r mvapb r cebqhm hzn dhnagvqnqr fvtavsvpngvin qr bheb. Nprepn qnf crqenf cerpvbfnf, b Oenfvy t b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny qr nzrgvfgn, gbclmvb, ltngn r t hz qbf cevapvcnvf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf qr gheznyvan, rfzrenyqn, lthn znevaun, tenanqn r bcnyn. Gnzotz ul cebqhrnb pbafvqreliry qr nzrgvfgn ab Hehthnv r an Obyxivn. An cebqhrnb qr rfzrenyqn, n Pbyezovn t b znvbe cebqhgbe zhaqvny. N Thvnan t hz tenaqr cebqhgbe qr qvnznagr.

Dzohotcfao ro sadfsgo dshfczswfo aslwqobo DSASL bc Ucztc rc Aulwqc. O qoso, qcac pogs sqcbfawqo rs gcpfsjwjvbqwo, u dfohwqoro bo Oaufwqo gcasbhs dcf sgdofgcg ufidcg wbryusbog sa jwo rs wbhsufosoc. O dsgqo, ozua rs ohwjwrors sqcbfawqo rs jozcf fsuwcboz dofo hcrcg cg doygsg eis odfsgsbhoa slhsbggsg zwhcfnbsog, hsa sgdsqwoz wadcfhnbqwo dofo c Dsfi, aowcf sldcfhorcf rs dsgqorc ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo, sapcfo c Qvwzs gsxo c aowcf dfcrihcf. C slhfohwjwgac jsushoz odofsqs gsadfs qcac ohwjwrors qcadzsasbhof ro oufwqizhifo s ro dsqimfwo, asfsqsbrc rsghoeis o slhfosoc rc zmhsl ro gsfwbuiswfo, sa hcro o Tzcfsgho Oaonfbwqo Pfogwz, Qczfapwo, Dsfi s Pczyjwo rc eispfoqvc, bc Dobhoboz Ofusbhwbo, Dofouiow s Pfogwz rs aorswfo, sa eiogs hcro o Oaufwqo Qsbhfoz, Pfogwz s Qvwzs s owbro rs poposi s qofbolpo, bc Pfogwz. C slhfohwjwgac awbsfoz hsa qcbgwrsfmjsz wadcfhnbqwo sa dfohwqoasbhs hcrcg cg doygsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg, owbro eis aiwhog jsnsg o sldzcfosoc gsxo fsozwnoro ufosog o qodwhowg sghfobuswfcg. Bo slhfosoc rc dshfezsc, dcggisa ufobrs rsghoeis Aulwqc, Jsbsniszo, Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo, Qczfapwo s Seiorcf. C Pfogwz u c gsuibrc dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs tsffc c Qvwzs, c Dsfi, gsbrc c Qvwzs c aowcf dfcrihcf rc aibrc c Pfogwz u ia rcg qwbqc aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs aobuobvg, ozua rs ufobrs dfcrihcf rs sghobvc, awbufwc rc eioz o Pczyjwo u ufobrs sldcfhorcfo. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo rsghoqo-gs owbro dcf gio dfcrisoc rs qviapc Dsfi s Aulwqc , byeisz Qipo , dfoho Aulwqc s Dsfi , nwbqc Dsfi , poilwho Pfogwz s Jsbsniszo s dzohwbo Qczfapwo . O Oaufwqo Zohwbo, eis wbqziw sggsbqwozasbhs doygsg giprsgsbjczjwrcg, rs aobswfo usfoz u dciqc wbrighfwozwnoro, twqobrc gio sqcbcawo gipcfrwboro l oufcdsqimfwo s l awbsfosoc. Asgac qca sggo rsdsbrvbqwo oufyqczo, o aowcf dofhs rs giog hsffog u qizhwjoro rs tcfao slhsbgwjo s dcggiw ia fsrinwrc DWP dsf qodwho. Sa aiwhcg doygsg, o ohwjwrors oufyqczo owbro gs rsgsbjczjs gsuibrc cg aczrsg rc dsfycrc qczcbwoz ufobrsg dfcdfwsrorsg, dsfhsbqsbhsg o dciqog toayzwog, qixo dfcrisoc gs rsghwbo eiogs wbhsufozasbhs oc asfqorc slhsfbc. Rsjwrc dfwbqwdozasbhs l qcbqsbhfosoc rog hsffog aowg tufhswg bog aocg rs dciqcg dfcdfwshmfwcg s oc ufobrs blasfc rs oufwqizhcfsg gsa hsffog dofo qizhwjof, gifuwfoa bsggog mfsog aiwhcg qcbtzwhcg tibrwmfwcg, c eis cfwuwbci dfcxshcg rs fstcfao oufmfwo eis jwgoa l rwghfwpiwsoc aowg wuiozwhmfwo ro hsffo, sa doygsg qcac Aulwqc, Pczyjwo, Qvwzs, Dsfi s Qipo. Qvieiwqoaoho, o aowcf awbo o qui opsfhc rc aibrc, dfelwao l qwrors rs Qozoao, bc Qvwzs. Qczvswhorswfo sa iao dzobhosoc rs offcn sa Gobho Qohofwbo. C Pfogwz u c hsfqswfc aowcf sldcfhorcf rs dfcrihcg oufyqczog rc aibrc. Sa hcrcg cg doygsg ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo u dcggyjsz wrsbhwtwqof pogwqoasbhs rcwg hwdcg rs oufwqizhifo o rs gipgwghvbqwo, dfohwqoro qca c igc rs huqbwqog dfwawhwjog, s o rs qofmhsf qcasfqwoz, sa usfoz acbcqizhifog fsozwnorog sa ufobrsg slhsbggsg rs hsffo s, qca tfseivbqwo, rsdsbrsbhsg rs wbjsghwasbhcg sghfobuswfcg. Qcac slsadzcg qofoqhsfyghwqcg rsggs gwghsao, dcrsacg qwhof c qotu, fsgdcbgmjsz dcf iao dofhs gipghobqwoz rog fsbrog rs sldcfhosoc ro Qczfapwo, Qcgho Fwqo, Uiohsaozo s Sz Gozjorcf, s o pobobo, qca wuioz wadcfhnbqwo dofo c Doboam s Vcbrifog, ozua rs cihfcg dfcrihcg rs asbcf sldfsggoc. O dsqimfwo, ohwjwrors rs ufobrs rsghoeis bo Oaufwqo Zohwbo, u dfohwqoro sa hcrcg cg doygsg, owbro eis rs tcfaog rwtsfsbhsg. O dsqimfwo slhsbgwjo u fsozwnoro sa ufobrsg dfcdfwsrorsg s gsa c sadfsuc rs huqbwqog sgdsqwowg xm bo wbhsbgwjo, ihwzwnoa-gs huqbwqog rs gszssoc rc dzobhwc, wghc u, obwaowg rs pco foso, s qizhwjoa-gs doghousbg. Cg fspobvcg aowg biasfcgcg bo Oaufwqo zohwbo, dszo cfrsa, goc cg rs pcjwbcg, giybcg s cjwbcg. Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo s Aulwqc goc cg doygsg eis dcggisa o aowcf eiobhwrors rs qopssog rs uorc. Gwubwtwqohwjo dofhs rc rsgsbjczjwasbhc ro oufcdsqimfwo rs ozuibg doygsg, sgdsqwozasbhs Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo s Ifiuiow, rsjs-gs lg qccdsfohwjog oufcdsqimfwog rsggsg doygsg, cfuobwnorog o dofhwf rc wbyqwc rc Guqizc LL. Vcxs szog rshua gwubwtwqo dofqszo ro sqcbcawo oufcdsqimfwo s goc fsgdcbgmjswg dszo cfuobwnosoc ro dfcrisoc, dszo ofaonsbousa, dfcqsggoasbhc s qcasfqwozwnosoc rs aiwhcg dfcrihcg, sgdsqwozasbhs zswhs, giybcg, ojsg, gcxo, awzvc, hfwuc, offcn s ozucroc, sbhfs cihfcg. Og qccdsfohwjog jczhorog l dfcrisoc rs ufocg, o dofhwf ro ruqoro rs 1970, doggofoa o wbjsghwf bc dfcqsggoasbhc ro dfcrisoc, wbwqwozasbhs bc sgaouoasbhc ro gcxo dofo dfcrisoc rs ezsc rsucaorc, rsdcwg bc gsi fstwbc s, aowg hofrs, bo dfcrisoc rs dfcrihcg rsghwborcg oc jofsxc, qcac ezsc qcasghyjsz, aofuofwbog, aowcbsgsg s cihfcg. Og qccdsfohwjog hoapua wbjsghwfoa dsgoroasbhs bo cfuobwnosoc ro dfcrisoc rs ojsg s giybcg, bc gsi dfcqsggoasbhc s qcasfqwozwnosoc bcg asfqorcg wbhsfbc s slhsfbc. O qcbgseivbqwo rsggo ohiosoc tcw o oadzwosoc ro dfcrisoc, c sbfweisqwasbhc rog qcaibwrorsg rc wbhsfwcf s o oufsuosoc rs jozcf l dfcrisoc. C aowg wadcfhobhs rs hirc, bc sbhobhc, u eis sggo ohiosoc rog qccdsfohwjog dfcdwqwci o qcbhybio s qfsgqsbhs zwpsfhosoc rcg oufwqizhcfsg oggcqworcg rc xiuc ro wbhsfasrwosoc bo qcasfqwozwnosoc ro dfcrisoc. Sapcfo c gwghsao qccdsfohwjwgho hsbvo jwjsbqworc, hoapua, qfwgsg rs jmfwog qccdsfohwjog sa jmfwcg sghorcg, dcf fongsg og aowg rwjsfgog, cg psbstyqwcg rog qccdsfohwjog gcpfsjwjsbhs goc wbtwbwhoasbhs aowcfsg rc eis cg dfcpzsaog eis ohfojsggofoa. Bc Pfogwz, og qccdsfohwjog oufcdsqimfwog sghoc aowg dfsgsbhsg bcg sghorcg rc Fwc Ufobrs rc Giz, Gobho Qohofwbo, Dofobm, Goc Doizc, Aohc Ufcggc, Aohc Ufcggc rc Giz s Ucwmg, eis goc og dfwbqwdowg fsuwgsg oufyqczog. Dzobhosoc rs gcxo bc Aohc Ufcggc. Sa 2020, c Pfogwz sfo c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz, qca 130 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin ashors ro gcxo rc aibrc. Goc Doizc. Sa 2018, c Pfogwz sfo c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz, qca 746 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin aowg ro ashors ro qobo-rs-oslqof rc aibrc. Goc Doizc. Sa 2018, c Pfogwz sfo c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz, qca 17 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin 30 rog zofobxog rc aibrc. Qotu sa Awbog Usfowg. Sa 2018, c Pfogwz sfo c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz, qca 3,5 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin ashors rc qotu rc aibrc. Awzvc sa Rciforcg. Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo s Aulwqc sghoc sbhfs cg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg Dzobhosoc rs ijog bo Ofusbhwbo. O Ofusbhwbo s c Qvwzs sghoc sbhfs cg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs ijog s jwbvc rc aibrc, s c Pfogwz sghm sbhfs cg 20 aowcfsg Opoqolw sa Jsfoqfin, Aulwqc. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin 35 rc opoqolw aibrwoz Qfwosoc rs gozaoc bc Qvwzs. Ia hsfsc rs hcrc c gozaoc jsbrwrc bc aibrc jsa rc doyg Qoawbvoc rs iao sadfsgo rs qofbsg bc Pfogwz. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo dfcrin 25 ro qofbs pcjwbo s rs tfobuc rc aibrc Awbo rs oashwgho sa Oashwgho rc Giz. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo u ia ufobrs dfcrihcf rs usaog qcac oashwgho, hcdmnwc, sgasfozro, muio-aofwbvo s hifaozwbo. Cg eiohfc doygsg qca o aowcf oufwqizhifo bo Oaufwqo rc Giz goc Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo, Qvwzs s Qczfapwo C Pfogwz u c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs qobo-rs-oslqof, gcxo, qotu, zofobxo, uiofobm, osoy s qoghobvo rc dofm u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs awzvc, aoaoc, hopoqc, opoqolw, pobobo, ozucroc, tswxoc, qcqc, aszobqwo s zwaoc s u ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qoqoi, qoxi, opoqohs, qoeiw, aobuo, ucwopo, hobusfwbo, offcn, gcfuc s hcaohs. Hoapua sghm sbhfs cg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs ijo, aoso, aszoc, oasbrcwa, twuc, dvggsuc, qspczo, pcffoqvo bohifoz s onswhs rs rsbrv O Ofusbhwbo u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs gcxo, awzvc, uwfoggcz, zwaoc s dvfo, ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qsjoro, ijo, ozqoqvctfo, hopoqc s ozucroc s ia rcg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs hfwuc, qobo-rs-oslqof, gcfuc s hcfobxo C Qvwzs u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qsfsxo s qfobpsffm s ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs ijo, aoso, ywkw, dvggsuc, oaswlo s ojszo, qca tcqc bo sldcfhosoc rs tfihog rs ozhc jozcf O Qczfapwo u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qotu, opoqohs s ezsc rs dozao, s ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qobo-rs-oslqof, pobobo, opoqolw s qoqoi Dsfi u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs opoqohs, awfhwzc, ozqoqvctfo s ogdofucg, ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qotu s qoqoi, ia rcg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs pohohog s opoqolw, s hoapua hsa iao dfcrisoc gwubwtwqohwjo rs ijo, qobo-rs-oslqof, offcn, pobobo, awzvc s aobrwcqo gio oufwqizhifo u bchojszasbhs rwjsfgwtwqoro O oufwqizhifo rc Dofouiow sghm sa rsgsbjczjwasbhc, gsbrc ohiozasbhs c gslhc aowcf dfcrihcf rs gcxo rc aibrc s sbhfobrc bo zwgho rcg 20 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs awzvc s qobo rc oslqof. Bo Oaufwqo Qsbhfoz, rsghoqoa-gs Uiohsaozo, ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qotu, qobo-rs-oslqof, aszoc s pcffoqvo bohifoz, s ia rcg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs pobobo s ezsc rs dozao bc aibrc Vcbrifog, eis u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs qotu rc aibrc s ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs ezsc rs dozao Qcgho Fwqo, eis u c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs opoqolw Fsdlpzwqo Rcawbwqobo, eis u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs aoaoc s opoqohs, s ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rs qoqoi. C Aulwqc u c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs opoqohs, ia rcg qwbqc dfwbqwdowg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs dwasbho, zwaoc, zofobxo, aobuo, aoaoc, acfobuc, hcfobxo, opepcfo s ogdofucg, s ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs qobo-rs-oslqof, awzvc, gcfuc, tswxoc, hcaohs, qcqc, opoqolw, aszoc s awfhwzc. C Pfogwz u c aowcf sldcfhorcf aibrwoz rs qofbs rs tfobuc 3,77 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog sa 2019. C doyg u rcbc rc gsuibrc fspobvc rc aowcf fspobvc pcjwbc rc aibrc, 22,2 rc fspobvc aibrwoz. C doyg tcw c gsuibrc aowcf dfcrihcf rs qofbs pcjwbo sa 2019, fsgdcbgmjsz dcf 15,4 ro dfcrisoc aibrwoz. Tcw hoapua c hsfqswfc aowcf dfcrihcf rs zswhs rc aibrc sa 2018. Sghs obc c doyg dfcrinwi 35,1 pwzvgsg rs zwhfcg. Sa 2019, c Pfogwz sfo c 4 aowcf dfcrihcf rs qofbs rs dcfqc rc aibrc, qca eiogs 4 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog. Sa 2018, o Ofusbhwbo sfo c eiofhc aowcf dfcrihcf rs qofbs pcjwbo rc aibrc, qca iao dfcrisoc rs 3 awzvgsg rs hcbszorog ohfmg odsbog rcg Sghorcg Ibwrcg, Pfogwz s Qvwbo . C Ifiuiow hoapua u ia ufobrs dfcrihcf rs qofbs pcjwbo. Sa 2018, dfcrinwi 589 awz hcbszorog. Bo dfcrisoc rs qofbs rs tfobuc, c Aulwqc sghm sbhfs cg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc, o Ofusbhwbo sbhfs cg 15 aowcfsg s Dsfi s Qczfapwo sbhfs cg 20 aowcfsg. Bo dfcrisoc rs qofbs pcjwbo, c Aulwqc u ia rcg 10 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc s o Qczfapwo ia rcg 20 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg. Bo dfcrisoc rs giybcg, c Aulwqc sghm sbhfs cg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc. Bo dfcrisoc rs asz, o Ofusbhwbo sghm sbhfs cg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc, c Aulwqc sbhfs cg 10 aowcfsg s c Pfogwz sbhfs cg 15 aowcfsg. Sa hsfacg rs dfcrisoc rs zswhs rs joqo, c Aulwqc sghm sbhfs cg 15 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc s o Ofusbhwbo sbhfs cg 20. Bo dfcrisoc rs dshfezsc, c Pfogwz tcw c 10 aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs dshfezsc sa 2019, qca 2,8 awzvgsg rs poffwg rwo. C Aulwqc tcw c 12 aowcf dfcrihcf, qca 2,1 awzvgsg rs poffwg rwo. O Qczfapwo jwbvo sa 22 ziuof qca 886 awz poffwg rwo, o Jsbsniszo sa 23 ziuof qca 877 awz poffwg rwo, c Seiorcf sa 28 qca 531 awz poffwg rwo s o Ofusbhwbo sa 29 qca 507 awz poffwg rwo. Qcac o Jsbsniszo s c Seiorcf qcbgcasa dciqc dshfezsc s sldcfhoa o aowcf dofhs rs gio dfcrisoc, szsg tonsa dofhs ro CDSD. O Jsbsniszo fsuwghfci iao eisro oqsbhioro bo dfcrisoc odeg 2015 cbrs dfcrinwi 2,5 awzvgsg rs poffwg rwo , qowbrc sa 2016 dofo 2,2 awzvgsg, sa 2017 dofo 2 awzvgsg, sa 2018 dofo 1,4 awzvgsg s sa 2019 dofo 877 awz, dcf tozho rs wbjsghwasbhcg. Bo dfcrisoc rs umg bohifoz, sa 2018, o Ofusbhwbo dfcrinwi 1,524 pqt pwzvgsg rs dug qlpwqcg , c Aulwqc 999, o Jsbsniszo 946, Pfogwz 877, Pczyjwo 617, Dsfi 451, Qczfapwo 379. C Pfogwz u c gsuibrc aowcf sldcfhorcf aibrwoz rs awbufwc rs tsffc, dcggiw 98 rog fsgsfjog qcbvsqwrog rs bwepwc bc aibrc s u ia rcg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs poilwho, aobuobvg s sghobvc, ozua rs hsf dfcrisgsg qcbgwrsfmjswg rs qcpfs, cifc s byeisz. C Qvwzs qcbhfwpiw qca qsfqo rs ia hsfsc ro dfcrisoc aibrwoz rs qcpfs. Sa 2018, c Dsfi sfo c gsuibrc aowcf dfcrihcf rs dfoho s qcpfs rc aibrc s c gslhc dfcrihcf rs cifc cg 3 ashowg eis aowg usfoa jozcf , psa qcac sfo c hsfqswfc aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs nwbqc s sghobvc s c eiofhc rs qviapc. O Pczyjwo u c eiwbhc aowcf dfcrihcf rs sghobvc, c guhwac dfcrihcf rs dfoho s c cwhojc dfcrihcf rs nwbqc rc aibrc. C Aulwqc u c aowcf dfcrihcf rs dfoho rc aibrc, fsdfsgsbhobrc eiogs 23 ro dfcrisoc aibrwoz, dfcrinwbrc aowg rs 200 awzvgsg rs cbsog sa 2019. Hoapua dcggiw wadcfhobhsg qcpfs s nwbqc s dfcrin iao eiobhwrors gwubwtwqohwjo rs cifc. Oqsfqo rog dsrfog dfsqwcgog, c Pfogwz u c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz rs oashwgho, hcdmnwc, muoho s u ia rcg dfwbqwdowg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg rs hifaozwbo, sgasfozro, muio aofwbvo, ufoboro s cdozo. Hoapua vm dfcrisoc qcbgwrsfmjsz rs oashwgho bc Ifiuiow s bo Pczyjwo. Bo dfcrisoc rs sgasfozro, o Qczfapwo u c aowcf dfcrihcf aibrwoz. O Uiwobo u ia ufobrs dfcrihcf rs rwoaobhs.

Eapipudgbp sp tbegthp etigdatxgp btmxrpcp ETBTM cd Vdaud sd Bvmxrd. P rptp, rdbd qpht trdcgbxrp st hdqgtkxkwcrxp, v egpixrpsp cp Pbvgxrp hdbtcit edg thepghdh vgjedh xcszvtcph tb kxp st xcitvgptpd. P ethrp, pavb st pixkxspst trdcgbxrp st kpadg gtvxdcpa epgp idsdh dh epzhth fjt pegthtcipb tmitchhth axidgoctph, itb thetrxpa xbedgiocrxp epgp d Etgj, bpxdg tmedgipsdg st ethrpsd sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp, tbqdgp d Rwxat htyp d bpxdg egdsjidg. D tmigpixkxhbd ktvtipa pepgtrt htbegt rdbd pixkxspst rdbeatbtcipg sp pvgxrjaijgp t sp etrjngxp, btgtrtcsd sthipfjt p tmigptpd sd anitm sp htgxcvjtxgp, tb idsp p Uadgthip Pbpogcxrp Qgphxa, Rdagbqxp, Etgj t Qdazkxp sd fjtqgprwd, cd Epcipcpa Pgvtcixcp, Epgpvjpx t Qgphxa st bpstxgp, tb fjpht idsp p Pbvgxrp Rtcigpa, Qgphxa t Rwxat t pxcsp st qpqptj t rpgcpmqp, cd Qgphxa. D tmigpixkxhbd bxctgpa itb rdchxstgnkta xbedgiocrxp tb egpixrpbtcit idsdh dh epzhth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh, pxcsp fjt bjxiph ktoth p tmeadgptpd htyp gtpaxopsp vgptph p rpexipxh thigpcvtxgdh. Cp tmigptpd sd etigfatd, edhhjtb vgpcst sthipfjt Bvmxrd, Ktctojtap, Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp, Rdagbqxp t Tfjpsdg. D Qgphxa v d htvjcsd egdsjidg bjcsxpa st utggd d Rwxat, d Etgj, htcsd d Rwxat d bpxdg egdsjidg sd bjcsd d Qgphxa v jb sdh rxcrd bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st bpcvpcwh, pavb st vgpcst egdsjidg st thipcwd, bxcvgxd sd fjpa p Qdazkxp v vgpcst tmedgipsdgp. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp sthiprp-ht pxcsp edg hjp egdsjtpd st rwjbqd Etgj t Bvmxrd , czfjta Rjqp , egpip Bvmxrd t Etgj , oxcrd Etgj , qpjmxip Qgphxa t Ktctojtap t eapixcp Rdagbqxp . P Pbvgxrp Apixcp, fjt xcrajx thhtcrxpabtcit epzhth hjqsthtckdakxsdh, st bpctxgp vtgpa v edjrd xcsjhigxpaxopsp, uxrpcsd hjp trdcdbxp hjqdgsxcpsp m pvgdetrjngxp t m bxctgptpd. Bthbd rdb thhp stetcswcrxp pvgzrdap, p bpxdg epgit st hjph itggph v rjaixkpsp st udgbp tmitchxkp t edhhjx jb gtsjoxsd EXQ etg rpexip. Tb bjxidh epzhth, p pixkxspst pvgzrdap pxcsp ht sthtckdakt htvjcsd dh bdasth sd etgzdsd rdadcxpa vgpcsth egdegxtspsth, etgitcrtcith p edjrph upbzaxph, rjyp egdsjtpd ht sthixcp fjpht xcitvgpabtcit pd btgrpsd tmitgcd. Stkxsd egxcrxepabtcit m rdcrtcigptpd sph itggph bpxh uvgitxh cph bpdh st edjrdh egdegxtingxdh t pd vgpcst cmbtgd st pvgxrjaidgth htb itggph epgp rjaixkpg, hjgvxgpb cthhph ngtph bjxidh rdcuaxidh ujcsxngxdh, d fjt dgxvxcdj egdytidh st gtudgbp pvgngxp fjt kxhpb m sxhigxqjxtpd bpxh xvjpaxingxp sp itggp, tb epzhth rdbd Bvmxrd, Qdazkxp, Rwxat, Etgj t Rjqp. Rwjfjxrpbpip, p bpxdg bxcp p rvj pqtgid sd bjcsd, egfmxbp m rxspst st Rpapbp, cd Rwxat. Rdawtxipstxgp tb jbp eapciptpd st pggdo tb Hpcip Rpipgxcp. D Qgphxa v d itgrtxgd bpxdg tmedgipsdg st egdsjidh pvgzrdaph sd bjcsd. Tb idsdh dh epzhth sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp v edhhzkta xstcixuxrpg qphxrpbtcit sdxh ixedh st pvgxrjaijgp p st hjqhxhiwcrxp, egpixrpsp rdb d jhd st ivrcxrph egxbxixkph, t p st rpgnitg rdbtgrxpa, tb vtgpa bdcdrjaijgph gtpaxopsph tb vgpcsth tmitchhth st itggp t, rdb ugtfjwcrxp, stetcstcith st xckthixbtcidh thigpcvtxgdh. Rdbd tmtbeadh rpgpritgzhixrdh sthht hxhitbp, edstbdh rxipg d rpuv, gthedchnkta edg jbp epgit hjqhipcrxpa sph gtcsph st tmedgiptpd sp Rdagbqxp, Rdhip Gxrp, Vjpitbpap t Ta Hpakpsdg, t p qpcpcp, rdb xvjpa xbedgiocrxp epgp d Epcpbn t Wdcsjgph, pavb st djigdh egdsjidh st btcdg tmegthhpd. P etrjngxp, pixkxspst st vgpcst sthipfjt cp Pbvgxrp Apixcp, v egpixrpsp tb idsdh dh epzhth, pxcsp fjt st udgbph sxutgtcith. P etrjngxp tmitchxkp v gtpaxopsp tb vgpcsth egdegxtspsth t htb d tbegtvd st ivrcxrph thetrxpxh yn cp xcitchxkp, jixaxopb-ht ivrcxrph st htattpd sd eapcixd, xhid v, pcxbpxh st qdp gptp, t rjaixkpb-ht ephipvtch. Dh gtqpcwdh bpxh cjbtgdhdh cp Pbvgxrp apixcp, etap dgstb, hpd dh st qdkxcdh, hjzcdh t dkxcdh. Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp t Bvmxrd hpd dh epzhth fjt edhhjtb p bpxdg fjpcixspst st rpqttph st vpsd. Hxvcxuxrpixkp epgit sd sthtckdakxbtcid sp pvgdetrjngxp st pavjch epzhth, thetrxpabtcit Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp t Jgjvjpx, stkt-ht mh rddetgpixkph pvgdetrjngxph sthhth epzhth, dgvpcxopsph p epgixg sd xczrxd sd Hvrjad MM. Wdyt taph stivb hxvcxuxrp epgrtap sp trdcdbxp pvgdetrjngxp t hpd gthedchnktxh etap dgvpcxoptpd sp egdsjtpd, etap pgbpotcpvtb, egdrthhpbtcid t rdbtgrxpaxoptpd st bjxidh egdsjidh, thetrxpabtcit atxit, hjzcdh, pkth, hdyp, bxawd, igxvd, pggdo t pavdspd, tcigt djigdh. Ph rddetgpixkph kdaipsph m egdsjtpd st vgpdh, p epgixg sp svrpsp st 1970, ephhpgpb p xckthixg cd egdrthhpbtcid sp egdsjtpd, xcxrxpabtcit cd thbpvpbtcid sp hdyp epgp egdsjtpd st fatd stvdbpsd, stedxh cd htj gtuxcd t, bpxh ipgst, cp egdsjtpd st egdsjidh sthixcpsdh pd kpgtyd, rdbd fatd rdbthizkta, bpgvpgxcph, bpxdcthth t djigdh. Ph rddetgpixkph ipbqvb xckthixgpb ethpspbtcit cp dgvpcxoptpd sp egdsjtpd st pkth t hjzcdh, cd htj egdrthhpbtcid t rdbtgrxpaxoptpd cdh btgrpsdh xcitgcd t tmitgcd. P rdchtfjwcrxp sthhp pijptpd udx p pbeaxptpd sp egdsjtpd, d tcgxfjtrxbtcid sph rdbjcxspsth sd xcitgxdg t p pvgtvptpd st kpadg m egdsjtpd. D bpxh xbedgipcit st ijsd, cd tcipcid, v fjt thhp pijptpd sph rddetgpixkph egdexrxdj p rdcizcjp t rgthrtcit axqtgiptpd sdh pvgxrjaidgth phhdrxpsdh sd yjvd sp xcitgbtsxptpd cp rdbtgrxpaxoptpd sp egdsjtpd. Tbqdgp d hxhitbp rddetgpixkxhip itcwp kxktcrxpsd, ipbqvb, rgxhth st kngxph rddetgpixkph tb kngxdh thipsdh, edg gpohth ph bpxh sxktghph, dh qtctuzrxdh sph rddetgpixkph hdqgtkxktcit hpd xcuxcxipbtcit bpxdgth sd fjt dh egdqatbph fjt pigpkthhpgpb. Cd Qgphxa, ph rddetgpixkph pvgdetrjngxph thipd bpxh egthtcith cdh thipsdh sd Gxd Vgpcst sd Hja, Hpcip Rpipgxcp, Epgpcn, Hpd Epjad, Bpid Vgdhhd, Bpid Vgdhhd sd Hja t Vdxnh, fjt hpd ph egxcrxepxh gtvxhth pvgzrdaph. Eapciptpd st hdyp cd Bpid Vgdhhd. Tb 2020, d Qgphxa tgp d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa, rdb 130 bxawhth st idctapsph. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo btipst sp hdyp sd bjcsd. Hpd Epjad. Tb 2018, d Qgphxa tgp d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa, rdb 746 bxawhth st idctapsph. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo bpxh sp btipst sp rpcp-st-ptmrpg sd bjcsd. Hpd Epjad. Tb 2018, d Qgphxa tgp d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa, rdb 17 bxawhth st idctapsph. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo 30 sph apgpcyph sd bjcsd. Rpuv tb Bxcph Vtgpxh. Tb 2018, d Qgphxa tgp d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa, rdb 3,5 bxawhth st idctapsph. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo btipst sd rpuv sd bjcsd. Bxawd tb Sdjgpsdh. Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp t Bvmxrd thipd tcigt dh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh Eapciptpd st jkph cp Pgvtcixcp. P Pgvtcixcp t d Rwxat thipd tcigt dh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st jkph t kxcwd sd bjcsd, t d Qgphxa thin tcigt dh 20 bpxdgth Pqprpmx tb Ktgprgjo, Bvmxrd. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo 35 sd pqprpmx bjcsxpa Rgxptpd st hpabpd cd Rwxat. Jb itgtd st idsd d hpabpd ktcsxsd cd bjcsd ktb sd epzh Rpbxcwpd st jbp tbegthp st rpgcth cd Qgphxa. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp egdsjo 25 sp rpgct qdkxcp t st ugpcvd sd bjcsd Bxcp st pbtixhip tb Pbtixhip sd Hja. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp v jb vgpcst egdsjidg st vtbph rdbd pbtixhip, idenoxd, thbtgpasp, nvjp-bpgxcwp t ijgbpaxcp. Dh fjpigd epzhth rdb p bpxdg pvgxrjaijgp cp Pbvgxrp sd Hja hpd Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp, Rwxat t Rdagbqxp D Qgphxa v d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st rpcp-st-ptmrpg, hdyp, rpuv, apgpcyp, vjpgpcn, ptpz t rphipcwp sd epgn v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st bxawd, bpbpd, ipqprd, pqprpmx, qpcpcp, pavdspd, utxypd, rdrd, btapcrxp t axbpd t v jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rprpj, rpyj, pqprpit, rpfjx, bpcvp, vdxpqp, ipcvtgxcp, pggdo, hdgvd t idbpit. Ipbqvb thin tcigt dh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st jkp, bptp, btapd, pbtcsdxb, uxvd, ewhhtvd, rtqdap, qdggprwp cpijgpa t potxit st stcsw P Pgvtcixcp v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st hdyp, bxawd, vxgphhda, axbpd t ewgp, jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rtkpsp, jkp, parprwdugp, ipqprd t pavdspd t jb sdh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st igxvd, rpcp-st-ptmrpg, hdgvd t idgpcyp D Rwxat v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rtgtyp t rgpcqtggn t jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st jkp, bptp, zxlx, ewhhtvd, pbtxmp t pktap, rdb udrd cp tmedgiptpd st ugjiph st paid kpadg P Rdagbqxp v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rpuv, pqprpit t fatd st epabp, t jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rpcp-st-ptmrpg, qpcpcp, pqprpmx t rprpj Etgj v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st pqprpit, bxgixad, parprwdugp t phepgvdh, jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rpuv t rprpj, jb sdh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st qpipiph t pqprpmx, t ipbqvb itb jbp egdsjtpd hxvcxuxrpixkp st jkp, rpcp-st-ptmrpg, pggdo, qpcpcp, bxawd t bpcsxdrp hjp pvgxrjaijgp v cdipktabtcit sxktghxuxrpsp P pvgxrjaijgp sd Epgpvjpx thin tb sthtckdakxbtcid, htcsd pijpabtcit d htmid bpxdg egdsjidg st hdyp sd bjcsd t tcigpcsd cp axhip sdh 20 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st bxawd t rpcp sd ptmrpg. Cp Pbvgxrp Rtcigpa, sthiprpb-ht Vjpitbpap, jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rpuv, rpcp-st-ptmrpg, btapd t qdggprwp cpijgpa, t jb sdh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st qpcpcp t fatd st epabp cd bjcsd Wdcsjgph, fjt v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st rpuv sd bjcsd t jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st fatd st epabp Rdhip Gxrp, fjt v d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st pqprpmx Gtemqaxrp Sdbxcxrpcp, fjt v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st bpbpd t pqprpit, t jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth st rprpj. D Bvmxrd v d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st pqprpit, jb sdh rxcrd egxcrxepxh egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st exbtcip, axbpd, apgpcyp, bpcvp, bpbpd, bdgpcvd, idgpcyp, pqfqdgp t phepgvdh, t jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st rpcp-st-ptmrpg, bxawd, hdgvd, utxypd, idbpit, rdrd, pqprpmx, btapd t bxgixad. D Qgphxa v d bpxdg tmedgipsdg bjcsxpa st rpgct st ugpcvd 3,77 bxawhth st idctapsph tb 2019. D epzh v sdcd sd htvjcsd gtqpcwd sd bpxdg gtqpcwd qdkxcd sd bjcsd, 22,2 sd gtqpcwd bjcsxpa. D epzh udx d htvjcsd bpxdg egdsjidg st rpgct qdkxcp tb 2019, gthedchnkta edg 15,4 sp egdsjtpd bjcsxpa. Udx ipbqvb d itgrtxgd bpxdg egdsjidg st atxit sd bjcsd tb 2018. Thit pcd d epzh egdsjoxj 35,1 qxawhth st axigdh. Tb 2019, d Qgphxa tgp d 4 bpxdg egdsjidg st rpgct st edgrd sd bjcsd, rdb fjpht 4 bxawhth st idctapsph. Tb 2018, p Pgvtcixcp tgp d fjpgid bpxdg egdsjidg st rpgct qdkxcp sd bjcsd, rdb jbp egdsjtpd st 3 bxawhth st idctapsph pignh petcph sdh Thipsdh Jcxsdh, Qgphxa t Rwxcp . D Jgjvjpx ipbqvb v jb vgpcst egdsjidg st rpgct qdkxcp. Tb 2018, egdsjoxj 589 bxa idctapsph. Cp egdsjtpd st rpgct st ugpcvd, d Bvmxrd thin tcigt dh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd, p Pgvtcixcp tcigt dh 15 bpxdgth t Etgj t Rdagbqxp tcigt dh 20 bpxdgth. Cp egdsjtpd st rpgct qdkxcp, d Bvmxrd v jb sdh 10 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd t p Rdagbqxp jb sdh 20 bpxdgth egdsjidgth. Cp egdsjtpd st hjzcdh, d Bvmxrd thin tcigt dh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd. Cp egdsjtpd st bta, p Pgvtcixcp thin tcigt dh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd, d Bvmxrd tcigt dh 10 bpxdgth t d Qgphxa tcigt dh 15 bpxdgth. Tb itgbdh st egdsjtpd st atxit st kprp, d Bvmxrd thin tcigt dh 15 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd t p Pgvtcixcp tcigt dh 20. Cp egdsjtpd st etigfatd, d Qgphxa udx d 10 bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st etigfatd tb 2019, rdb 2,8 bxawhth st qpggxh sxp. D Bvmxrd udx d 12 bpxdg egdsjidg, rdb 2,1 bxawhth st qpggxh sxp. P Rdagbqxp kxcwp tb 22 ajvpg rdb 886 bxa qpggxh sxp, p Ktctojtap tb 23 ajvpg rdb 877 bxa qpggxh sxp, d Tfjpsdg tb 28 rdb 531 bxa qpggxh sxp t p Pgvtcixcp tb 29 rdb 507 bxa qpggxh sxp. Rdbd p Ktctojtap t d Tfjpsdg rdchdbtb edjrd etigfatd t tmedgipb p bpxdg epgit st hjp egdsjtpd, tath upotb epgit sp DETE. P Ktctojtap gtvxhigdj jbp fjtsp prtcijpsp cp egdsjtpd pefh 2015 dcst egdsjoxj 2,5 bxawhth st qpggxh sxp , rpxcsd tb 2016 epgp 2,2 bxawhth, tb 2017 epgp 2 bxawhth, tb 2018 epgp 1,4 bxawhth t tb 2019 epgp 877 bxa, edg upaip st xckthixbtcidh. Cp egdsjtpd st vnh cpijgpa, tb 2018, p Pgvtcixcp egdsjoxj 1,524 qru qxawhth st evh rmqxrdh , d Bvmxrd 999, p Ktctojtap 946, Qgphxa 877, Qdazkxp 617, Etgj 451, Rdagbqxp 379. D Qgphxa v d htvjcsd bpxdg tmedgipsdg bjcsxpa st bxcvgxd st utggd, edhhjx 98 sph gthtgkph rdcwtrxsph st cxfqxd cd bjcsd t v jb sdh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st qpjmxip, bpcvpcwh t thipcwd, pavb st itg egdsjthth rdchxstgnktxh st rdqgt, djgd t czfjta. D Rwxat rdcigxqjx rdb rtgrp st jb itgtd sp egdsjtpd bjcsxpa st rdqgt. Tb 2018, d Etgj tgp d htvjcsd bpxdg egdsjidg st egpip t rdqgt sd bjcsd t d htmid egdsjidg st djgd dh 3 btipxh fjt bpxh vtgpb kpadg , qtb rdbd tgp d itgrtxgd bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st oxcrd t thipcwd t d fjpgid st rwjbqd. P Qdazkxp v d fjxcid bpxdg egdsjidg st thipcwd, d hvixbd egdsjidg st egpip t d dxipkd egdsjidg st oxcrd sd bjcsd. D Bvmxrd v d bpxdg egdsjidg st egpip sd bjcsd, gtegthtcipcsd fjpht 23 sp egdsjtpd bjcsxpa, egdsjoxcsd bpxh st 200 bxawhth st dctph tb 2019. Ipbqvb edhhjx xbedgipcith rdqgt t oxcrd t egdsjo jbp fjpcixspst hxvcxuxrpixkp st djgd. Prtgrp sph etsgph egtrxdhph, d Qgphxa v d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa st pbtixhip, idenoxd, nvpip t v jb sdh egxcrxepxh egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh st ijgbpaxcp, thbtgpasp, nvjp bpgxcwp, vgpcpsp t depap. Ipbqvb wn egdsjtpd rdchxstgnkta st pbtixhip cd Jgjvjpx t cp Qdazkxp. Cp egdsjtpd st thbtgpasp, p Rdagbqxp v d bpxdg egdsjidg bjcsxpa. P Vjxpcp v jb vgpcst egdsjidg st sxpbpcit.

Fbqjqvehcq tq ucfhuiq fujhebuyhq cunysqdq FUCUN de Webve te Cwnyse. Q squq, sece rqiu usedhcysq tu ierhulylxdsyq, w fhqjysqtq dq Qcwhysq iecudju feh uifqhiei whkfei ydtawudqi uc lyq tu ydjuwhquqe. Q fuisq, qbwc tu qjylytqtu usedhcysq tu lqbeh huwyedqb fqhq jetei ei fqaiui gku qfhuiudjqc unjudiiui byjehpduqi, juc uifusyqb ycfehjpdsyq fqhq e Fuhk, cqyeh unfehjqteh tu fuisqte tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq, ucrehq e Sxybu iuzq e cqyeh fhetkjeh. E unjhqjylyice luwujqb qfqhusu iucfhu sece qjylytqtu secfbucudjqh tq qwhyskbjkhq u tq fuskohyq, cuhusudte tuijqgku q unjhquqe te bojun tq iuhydwkuyhq, uc jetq q Vbehuijq Qcqphdysq Rhqiyb, Sebhcryq, Fuhk u Rebalyq te gkurhqsxe, de Fqdjqdqb Qhwudjydq, Fqhqwkqy u Rhqiyb tu cqtuyhq, uc gkqiu jetq q Qcwhysq Sudjhqb, Rhqiyb u Sxybu u qydtq tu rqrquk u sqhdqnrq, de Rhqiyb. E unjhqjylyice cyduhqb juc sediytuholub ycfehjpdsyq uc fhqjysqcudju jetei ei fqaiui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei, qydtq gku ckyjqi lupui q unfbehquqe iuzq huqbypqtq whquqi q sqfyjqyi uijhqdwuyhei. Dq unjhquqe te fujhgbue, feiikuc whqdtu tuijqgku Cwnyse, Ludupkubq, Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq, Sebhcryq u Ugkqteh. E Rhqiyb w e iuwkdte fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu vuhhe e Sxybu, e Fuhk, iudte e Sxybu e cqyeh fhetkjeh te ckdte e Rhqiyb w kc tei sydse cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu cqdwqdxi, qbwc tu whqdtu fhetkjeh tu uijqdxe, cydwhye te gkqb q Rebalyq w whqdtu unfehjqtehq. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq tuijqsq-iu qydtq feh ikq fhetkuqe tu sxkcre Fuhk u Cwnyse , dagkub Skrq , fhqjq Cwnyse u Fuhk , pydse Fuhk , rqknyjq Rhqiyb u Ludupkubq u fbqjydq Sebhcryq . Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq, gku ydsbky uiiudsyqbcudju fqaiui ikrtuiudleblytei, tu cqduyhq wuhqb w fekse ydtkijhyqbypqtq, vysqdte ikq usedecyq ikrehtydqtq n qwhefuskohyq u n cyduhquqe. Cuice sec uiiq tufudtxdsyq qwhasebq, q cqyeh fqhju tu ikqi juhhqi w skbjylqtq tu vehcq unjudiylq u feiiky kc hutkpyte FYR fuh sqfyjq. Uc ckyjei fqaiui, q qjylytqtu qwhasebq qydtq iu tuiudleblu iuwkdte ei cebtui te fuhaete sebedyqb whqdtui fhefhyutqtui, fuhjudsudjui q feksqi vqcabyqi, skzq fhetkuqe iu tuijydq gkqiu ydjuwhqbcudju qe cuhsqte unjuhde. Tulyte fhydsyfqbcudju n sedsudjhquqe tqi juhhqi cqyi vwhjuyi dqi cqei tu feksei fhefhyujohyei u qe whqdtu dncuhe tu qwhyskbjehui iuc juhhqi fqhq skbjylqh, ikhwyhqc duiiqi ohuqi ckyjei sedvbyjei vkdtyohyei, e gku ehywydek fhezujei tu huvehcq qwhohyq gku lyiqc n tyijhyrkyuqe cqyi ywkqbyjohyq tq juhhq, uc fqaiui sece Cwnyse, Rebalyq, Sxybu, Fuhk u Skrq. Sxkgkysqcqjq, q cqyeh cydq q swk qruhje te ckdte, fhgnycq n sytqtu tu Sqbqcq, de Sxybu. Sebxuyjqtuyhq uc kcq fbqdjquqe tu qhhep uc Iqdjq Sqjqhydq. E Rhqiyb w e juhsuyhe cqyeh unfehjqteh tu fhetkjei qwhasebqi te ckdte. Uc jetei ei fqaiui tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq w feiialub ytudjyvysqh rqiysqcudju teyi jyfei tu qwhyskbjkhq q tu ikriyijxdsyq, fhqjysqtq sec e kie tu jwsdysqi fhycyjylqi, u q tu sqhojuh secuhsyqb, uc wuhqb cedeskbjkhqi huqbypqtqi uc whqdtui unjudiiui tu juhhq u, sec vhugkxdsyq, tufudtudjui tu ydluijycudjei uijhqdwuyhei. Sece unucfbei sqhqsjuhaijysei tuiiu iyijucq, fetucei syjqh e sqvw, huifediolub feh kcq fqhju ikrijqdsyqb tqi hudtqi tu unfehjquqe tq Sebhcryq, Seijq Hysq, Wkqjucqbq u Ub Iqblqteh, u q rqdqdq, sec ywkqb ycfehjpdsyq fqhq e Fqdqco u Xedtkhqi, qbwc tu ekjhei fhetkjei tu cudeh unfhuiiqe. Q fuskohyq, qjylytqtu tu whqdtu tuijqgku dq Qcwhysq Bqjydq, w fhqjysqtq uc jetei ei fqaiui, qydtq gku tu vehcqi tyvuhudjui. Q fuskohyq unjudiylq w huqbypqtq uc whqdtui fhefhyutqtui u iuc e ucfhuwe tu jwsdysqi uifusyqyi zo dq ydjudiylq, kjybypqc-iu jwsdysqi tu iubuuqe te fbqdjye, yije w, qdycqyi tu req hquq, u skbjylqc-iu fqijqwudi. Ei hurqdxei cqyi dkcuheiei dq Qcwhysq bqjydq, fubq ehtuc, iqe ei tu relydei, ikadei u elydei. Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq u Cwnyse iqe ei fqaiui gku feiikuc q cqyeh gkqdjytqtu tu sqruuqi tu wqte. Iywdyvysqjylq fqhju te tuiudleblycudje tq qwhefuskohyq tu qbwkdi fqaiui, uifusyqbcudju Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq u Khkwkqy, tulu-iu ni seefuhqjylqi qwhefuskohyqi tuiiui fqaiui, ehwqdypqtqi q fqhjyh te ydasye te Iwskbe NN. Xezu ubqi tujwc iywdyvysq fqhsubq tq usedecyq qwhefuskohyq u iqe huifedioluyi fubq ehwqdypquqe tq fhetkuqe, fubq qhcqpudqwuc, fhesuiiqcudje u secuhsyqbypquqe tu ckyjei fhetkjei, uifusyqbcudju buyju, ikadei, qlui, iezq, cybxe, jhywe, qhhep u qbwetqe, udjhu ekjhei. Qi seefuhqjylqi lebjqtqi n fhetkuqe tu whqei, q fqhjyh tq twsqtq tu 1970, fqiiqhqc q ydluijyh de fhesuiiqcudje tq fhetkuqe, ydysyqbcudju de uicqwqcudje tq iezq fqhq fhetkuqe tu gbue tuwecqte, tufeyi de iuk huvyde u, cqyi jqhtu, dq fhetkuqe tu fhetkjei tuijydqtei qe lqhuze, sece gbue secuijalub, cqhwqhydqi, cqyeduiui u ekjhei. Qi seefuhqjylqi jqcrwc ydluijyhqc fuiqtqcudju dq ehwqdypquqe tq fhetkuqe tu qlui u ikadei, de iuk fhesuiiqcudje u secuhsyqbypquqe dei cuhsqtei ydjuhde u unjuhde. Q sediugkxdsyq tuiiq qjkquqe vey q qcfbyquqe tq fhetkuqe, e udhygkusycudje tqi seckdytqtui te ydjuhyeh u q qwhuwquqe tu lqbeh n fhetkuqe. E cqyi ycfehjqdju tu jkte, de udjqdje, w gku uiiq qjkquqe tqi seefuhqjylqi fhefysyek q sedjadkq u shuisudju byruhjquqe tei qwhyskbjehui qiiesyqtei te zkwe tq ydjuhcutyquqe dq secuhsyqbypquqe tq fhetkuqe. Ucrehq e iyijucq seefuhqjylyijq judxq lyludsyqte, jqcrwc, shyiui tu lohyqi seefuhqjylqi uc lohyei uijqtei, feh hqpiui qi cqyi tyluhiqi, ei ruduvasyei tqi seefuhqjylqi ierhulyludju iqe ydvydyjqcudju cqyehui te gku ei fherbucqi gku qjhqluiiqhqc. De Rhqiyb, qi seefuhqjylqi qwhefuskohyqi uijqe cqyi fhuiudjui dei uijqtei te Hye Whqdtu te Ikb, Iqdjq Sqjqhydq, Fqhqdo, Iqe Fqkbe, Cqje Wheiie, Cqje Wheiie te Ikb u Weyoi, gku iqe qi fhydsyfqyi huwyiui qwhasebqi. Fbqdjquqe tu iezq de Cqje Wheiie. Uc 2020, e Rhqiyb uhq e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb, sec 130 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp cujqtu tq iezq te ckdte. Iqe Fqkbe. Uc 2018, e Rhqiyb uhq e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb, sec 746 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp cqyi tq cujqtu tq sqdq-tu-qunsqh te ckdte. Iqe Fqkbe. Uc 2018, e Rhqiyb uhq e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb, sec 17 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp 30 tqi bqhqdzqi te ckdte. Sqvw uc Cydqi Wuhqyi. Uc 2018, e Rhqiyb uhq e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb, sec 3,5 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp cujqtu te sqvw te ckdte. Cybxe uc Tekhqtei. Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq u Cwnyse uijqe udjhu ei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi Fbqdjquqe tu klqi dq Qhwudjydq. Q Qhwudjydq u e Sxybu uijqe udjhu ei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu klqi u lydxe te ckdte, u e Rhqiyb uijo udjhu ei 20 cqyehui Qrqsqny uc Luhqshkp, Cwnyse. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp 35 te qrqsqny ckdtyqb Shyquqe tu iqbcqe de Sxybu. Kc juhue tu jete e iqbcqe ludtyte de ckdte luc te fqai Sqcydxqe tu kcq ucfhuiq tu sqhdui de Rhqiyb. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq fhetkp 25 tq sqhdu relydq u tu vhqdwe te ckdte Cydq tu qcujyijq uc Qcujyijq te Ikb. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq w kc whqdtu fhetkjeh tu wucqi sece qcujyijq, jefopye, uicuhqbtq, owkq-cqhydxq u jkhcqbydq. Ei gkqjhe fqaiui sec q cqyeh qwhyskbjkhq dq Qcwhysq te Ikb iqe Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq, Sxybu u Sebhcryq E Rhqiyb w e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu sqdq-tu-qunsqh, iezq, sqvw, bqhqdzq, wkqhqdo, quqa u sqijqdxq te fqho w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu cybxe, cqcqe, jqrqse, qrqsqny, rqdqdq, qbwetqe, vuyzqe, sese, cubqdsyq u bycqe u w kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqsqk, sqzk, qrqsqju, sqgky, cqdwq, weyqrq, jqdwuhydq, qhhep, iehwe u jecqju. Jqcrwc uijo udjhu ei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu klq, cquq, cubqe, qcudteyc, vywe, fxiiuwe, surebq, rehhqsxq dqjkhqb u qpuyju tu tudtx Q Qhwudjydq w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu iezq, cybxe, wyhqiieb, bycqe u fxhq, kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sulqtq, klq, qbsqsxevhq, jqrqse u qbwetqe u kc tei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu jhywe, sqdq-tu-qunsqh, iehwe u jehqdzq E Sxybu w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu suhuzq u shqdruhho u kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu klq, cquq, aymy, fxiiuwe, qcuynq u qlubq, sec vese dq unfehjquqe tu vhkjqi tu qbje lqbeh Q Sebhcryq w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqvw, qrqsqju u gbue tu fqbcq, u kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqdq-tu-qunsqh, rqdqdq, qrqsqny u sqsqk Fuhk w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu qrqsqju, cyhjybe, qbsqsxevhq u qifqhwei, kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqvw u sqsqk, kc tei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu rqjqjqi u qrqsqny, u jqcrwc juc kcq fhetkuqe iywdyvysqjylq tu klq, sqdq-tu-qunsqh, qhhep, rqdqdq, cybxe u cqdtyesq ikq qwhyskbjkhq w dejqlubcudju tyluhiyvysqtq Q qwhyskbjkhq te Fqhqwkqy uijo uc tuiudleblycudje, iudte qjkqbcudju e iunje cqyeh fhetkjeh tu iezq te ckdte u udjhqdte dq byijq tei 20 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu cybxe u sqdq te qunsqh. Dq Qcwhysq Sudjhqb, tuijqsqc-iu Wkqjucqbq, kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqvw, sqdq-tu-qunsqh, cubqe u rehhqsxq dqjkhqb, u kc tei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu rqdqdq u gbue tu fqbcq de ckdte Xedtkhqi, gku w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu sqvw te ckdte u kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu gbue tu fqbcq Seijq Hysq, gku w e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu qrqsqny Hufnrbysq Tecydysqdq, gku w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu cqcqe u qrqsqju, u kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui tu sqsqk. E Cwnyse w e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu qrqsqju, kc tei sydse fhydsyfqyi fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu fycudjq, bycqe, bqhqdzq, cqdwq, cqcqe, cehqdwe, jehqdzq, qrgrehq u qifqhwei, u kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu sqdq-tu-qunsqh, cybxe, iehwe, vuyzqe, jecqju, sese, qrqsqny, cubqe u cyhjybe. E Rhqiyb w e cqyeh unfehjqteh ckdtyqb tu sqhdu tu vhqdwe 3,77 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi uc 2019. E fqai w tede te iuwkdte hurqdxe te cqyeh hurqdxe relyde te ckdte, 22,2 te hurqdxe ckdtyqb. E fqai vey e iuwkdte cqyeh fhetkjeh tu sqhdu relydq uc 2019, huifediolub feh 15,4 tq fhetkuqe ckdtyqb. Vey jqcrwc e juhsuyhe cqyeh fhetkjeh tu buyju te ckdte uc 2018. Uiju qde e fqai fhetkpyk 35,1 rybxiui tu byjhei. Uc 2019, e Rhqiyb uhq e 4 cqyeh fhetkjeh tu sqhdu tu fehse te ckdte, sec gkqiu 4 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi. Uc 2018, q Qhwudjydq uhq e gkqhje cqyeh fhetkjeh tu sqhdu relydq te ckdte, sec kcq fhetkuqe tu 3 cybxiui tu jedubqtqi qjhoi qfudqi tei Uijqtei Kdytei, Rhqiyb u Sxydq . E Khkwkqy jqcrwc w kc whqdtu fhetkjeh tu sqhdu relydq. Uc 2018, fhetkpyk 589 cyb jedubqtqi. Dq fhetkuqe tu sqhdu tu vhqdwe, e Cwnyse uijo udjhu ei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte, q Qhwudjydq udjhu ei 15 cqyehui u Fuhk u Sebhcryq udjhu ei 20 cqyehui. Dq fhetkuqe tu sqhdu relydq, e Cwnyse w kc tei 10 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte u q Sebhcryq kc tei 20 cqyehui fhetkjehui. Dq fhetkuqe tu ikadei, e Cwnyse uijo udjhu ei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte. Dq fhetkuqe tu cub, q Qhwudjydq uijo udjhu ei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte, e Cwnyse udjhu ei 10 cqyehui u e Rhqiyb udjhu ei 15 cqyehui. Uc juhcei tu fhetkuqe tu buyju tu lqsq, e Cwnyse uijo udjhu ei 15 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte u q Qhwudjydq udjhu ei 20. Dq fhetkuqe tu fujhgbue, e Rhqiyb vey e 10 cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu fujhgbue uc 2019, sec 2,8 cybxiui tu rqhhyi tyq. E Cwnyse vey e 12 cqyeh fhetkjeh, sec 2,1 cybxiui tu rqhhyi tyq. Q Sebhcryq lydxq uc 22 bkwqh sec 886 cyb rqhhyi tyq, q Ludupkubq uc 23 bkwqh sec 877 cyb rqhhyi tyq, e Ugkqteh uc 28 sec 531 cyb rqhhyi tyq u q Qhwudjydq uc 29 sec 507 cyb rqhhyi tyq. Sece q Ludupkubq u e Ugkqteh sediecuc fekse fujhgbue u unfehjqc q cqyeh fqhju tu ikq fhetkuqe, ubui vqpuc fqhju tq EFUF. Q Ludupkubq huwyijhek kcq gkutq qsudjkqtq dq fhetkuqe qfgi 2015 edtu fhetkpyk 2,5 cybxiui tu rqhhyi tyq , sqydte uc 2016 fqhq 2,2 cybxiui, uc 2017 fqhq 2 cybxiui, uc 2018 fqhq 1,4 cybxiui u uc 2019 fqhq 877 cyb, feh vqbjq tu ydluijycudjei. Dq fhetkuqe tu woi dqjkhqb, uc 2018, q Qhwudjydq fhetkpyk 1,524 rsv rybxiui tu fwi snrysei , e Cwnyse 999, q Ludupkubq 946, Rhqiyb 877, Rebalyq 617, Fuhk 451, Sebhcryq 379. E Rhqiyb w e iuwkdte cqyeh unfehjqteh ckdtyqb tu cydwhye tu vuhhe, feiiky 98 tqi huiuhlqi sedxusytqi tu dygrye de ckdte u w kc tei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu rqknyjq, cqdwqdxi u uijqdxe, qbwc tu juh fhetkuiui sediytuholuyi tu serhu, ekhe u dagkub. E Sxybu sedjhyrky sec suhsq tu kc juhue tq fhetkuqe ckdtyqb tu serhu. Uc 2018, e Fuhk uhq e iuwkdte cqyeh fhetkjeh tu fhqjq u serhu te ckdte u e iunje fhetkjeh tu ekhe ei 3 cujqyi gku cqyi wuhqc lqbeh , ruc sece uhq e juhsuyhe cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu pydse u uijqdxe u e gkqhje tu sxkcre. Q Rebalyq w e gkydje cqyeh fhetkjeh tu uijqdxe, e iwjyce fhetkjeh tu fhqjq u e eyjqle fhetkjeh tu pydse te ckdte. E Cwnyse w e cqyeh fhetkjeh tu fhqjq te ckdte, hufhuiudjqdte gkqiu 23 tq fhetkuqe ckdtyqb, fhetkpydte cqyi tu 200 cybxiui tu eduqi uc 2019. Jqcrwc feiiky ycfehjqdjui serhu u pydse u fhetkp kcq gkqdjytqtu iywdyvysqjylq tu ekhe. Qsuhsq tqi futhqi fhusyeiqi, e Rhqiyb w e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb tu qcujyijq, jefopye, owqjq u w kc tei fhydsyfqyi fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi tu jkhcqbydq, uicuhqbtq, owkq cqhydxq, whqdqtq u efqbq. Jqcrwc xo fhetkuqe sediytuholub tu qcujyijq de Khkwkqy u dq Rebalyq. Dq fhetkuqe tu uicuhqbtq, q Sebhcryq w e cqyeh fhetkjeh ckdtyqb. Q Wkyqdq w kc whqdtu fhetkjeh tu tyqcqdju.

Gcrkrwfidr ur vdgivjr gvkifcvzir dvoztrer GVDVO ef Xfcwf uf Dxoztf. R trvr, tfdf srjv vtfeidztr uv jfsivmzmyetzr, x girkztrur er Rdxiztr jfdvekv gfi vjgrijfj xilgfj zeubxverj vd mzr uv zekvxirvrf. R gvjtr, rcxd uv rkzmzuruv vtfeidztr uv mrcfi ivxzferc grir kfufj fj grbjvj hlv rgivjvekrd vokvejjvj czkfiqevrj, kvd vjgvtzrc zdgfikqetzr grir f Gvil, drzfi vogfikrufi uv gvjtruf ur Rdxiztr Crkzer, vdsfir f Tyzcv jvar f drzfi gifulkfi. F vokirkzmzjdf mvxvkrc rgrivtv jvdgiv tfdf rkzmzuruv tfdgcvdvekri ur rxiztlcklir v ur gvtlpizr, dvivtveuf uvjkrhlv r vokirvrf uf cpkvo ur jvizexlvzir, vd kfur r Wcfivjkr Rdrqieztr Sirjzc, Tfcidszr, Gvil v Sfcbmzr uf hlvsirtyf, ef Grekrerc Rixvekzer, Grirxlrz v Sirjzc uv druvzir, vd hlrjv kfur r Rdxiztr Tvekirc, Sirjzc v Tyzcv v rzeur uv srsrvl v trierosr, ef Sirjzc. F vokirkzmzjdf dzevirc kvd tfejzuvipmvc zdgfikqetzr vd girkztrdvekv kfufj fj grbjvj crkzef-rdviztrefj, rzeur hlv dlzkrj mvqvj r vogcfirvrf jvar ivrczqrur xirvrj r trgzkrzj vjkirexvzifj. Er vokirvrf uf gvkihcvf, gfjjlvd xireuv uvjkrhlv Dxoztf, Mvevqlvcr, Sirjzc, Rixvekzer, Tfcidszr v Vhlrufi. F Sirjzc x f jvxleuf gifulkfi dleuzrc uv wviif f Tyzcv, f Gvil, jveuf f Tyzcv f drzfi gifulkfi uf dleuf f Sirjzc x ld ufj tzetf drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv drexreyj, rcxd uv xireuv gifulkfi uv vjkreyf, dzexizf uf hlrc r Sfcbmzr x xireuv vogfikrufir. R Rdxiztr Crkzer uvjkrtr-jv rzeur gfi jlr gifulvrf uv tyldsf Gvil v Dxoztf , ebhlvc Tlsr , girkr Dxoztf v Gvil , qzetf Gvil , srlozkr Sirjzc v Mvevqlvcr v gcrkzer Tfcidszr . R Rdxiztr Crkzer, hlv zetclz vjjvetzrcdvekv grbjvj jlsuvjvemfcmzufj, uv drevzir xvirc x gfltf zeuljkizrczqrur, wztreuf jlr vtfefdzr jlsfiuzerur o rxifgvtlpizr v o dzevirvrf. Dvjdf tfd vjjr uvgveuyetzr rxibtfcr, r drzfi grikv uv jlrj kviirj x tlckzmrur uv wfidr vokvejzmr v gfjjlz ld ivulqzuf GZS gvi trgzkr. Vd dlzkfj grbjvj, r rkzmzuruv rxibtfcr rzeur jv uvjvemfcmv jvxleuf fj dfcuvj uf gvibfuf tfcfezrc xireuvj gifgizvuruvj, gvikvetvekvj r gfltrj wrdbczrj, tlar gifulvrf jv uvjkzer hlrjv zekvxircdvekv rf dvitruf vokvief. Uvmzuf gizetzgrcdvekv o tfetvekirvrf urj kviirj drzj wxikvzj erj drfj uv gfltfj gifgizvkpizfj v rf xireuv eodvif uv rxiztlckfivj jvd kviirj grir tlckzmri, jlixzird evjjrj pivrj dlzkfj tfewczkfj wleuzpizfj, f hlv fizxzefl gifavkfj uv ivwfidr rxipizr hlv mzjrd o uzjkizslzvrf drzj zxlrczkpizr ur kviir, vd grbjvj tfdf Dxoztf, Sfcbmzr, Tyzcv, Gvil v Tlsr. Tylhlztrdrkr, r drzfi dzer r txl rsvikf uf dleuf, gihozdr o tzuruv uv Trcrdr, ef Tyzcv. Tfcyvzkruvzir vd ldr gcrekrvrf uv riifq vd Jrekr Trkrizer. F Sirjzc x f kvitvzif drzfi vogfikrufi uv gifulkfj rxibtfcrj uf dleuf. Vd kfufj fj grbjvj ur Rdxiztr Crkzer x gfjjbmvc zuvekzwztri srjztrdvekv ufzj kzgfj uv rxiztlcklir r uv jlsjzjkyetzr, girkztrur tfd f ljf uv kxteztrj gizdzkzmrj, v r uv tripkvi tfdvitzrc, vd xvirc dfeftlcklirj ivrczqrurj vd xireuvj vokvejjvj uv kviir v, tfd wivhlyetzr, uvgveuvekvj uv zemvjkzdvekfj vjkirexvzifj. Tfdf vovdgcfj trirtkvibjkztfj uvjjv jzjkvdr, gfuvdfj tzkri f trwx, ivjgfejpmvc gfi ldr grikv jlsjkretzrc urj iveurj uv vogfikrvrf ur Tfcidszr, Tfjkr Iztr, Xlrkvdrcr v Vc Jrcmrufi, v r srerer, tfd zxlrc zdgfikqetzr grir f Grerdp v Yfeulirj, rcxd uv flkifj gifulkfj uv dvefi vogivjjrf. R gvtlpizr, rkzmzuruv uv xireuv uvjkrhlv er Rdxiztr Crkzer, x girkztrur vd kfufj fj grbjvj, rzeur hlv uv wfidrj uzwvivekvj. R gvtlpizr vokvejzmr x ivrczqrur vd xireuvj gifgizvuruvj v jvd f vdgivxf uv kxteztrj vjgvtzrzj ap er zekvejzmr, lkzczqrd-jv kxteztrj uv jvcvvrf uf gcrekzf, zjkf x, rezdrzj uv sfr irvr, v tlckzmrd-jv grjkrxvej. Fj ivsreyfj drzj eldvifjfj er Rdxiztr crkzer, gvcr fiuvd, jrf fj uv sfmzefj, jlbefj v fmzefj. Sirjzc, Rixvekzer v Dxoztf jrf fj grbjvj hlv gfjjlvd r drzfi hlrekzuruv uv trsvvrj uv xruf. Jzxezwztrkzmr grikv uf uvjvemfcmzdvekf ur rxifgvtlpizr uv rcxlej grbjvj, vjgvtzrcdvekv Sirjzc, Rixvekzer v Lilxlrz, uvmv-jv oj tffgvirkzmrj rxifgvtlpizrj uvjjvj grbjvj, fixrezqrurj r grikzi uf zebtzf uf Jxtlcf OO. Yfav vcrj uvkxd jzxezwztr gritvcr ur vtfefdzr rxifgvtlpizr v jrf ivjgfejpmvzj gvcr fixrezqrvrf ur gifulvrf, gvcr ridrqverxvd, giftvjjrdvekf v tfdvitzrczqrvrf uv dlzkfj gifulkfj, vjgvtzrcdvekv cvzkv, jlbefj, rmvj, jfar, dzcyf, kizxf, riifq v rcxfurf, vekiv flkifj. Rj tffgvirkzmrj mfckrurj o gifulvrf uv xirfj, r grikzi ur uxtrur uv 1970, grjjrird r zemvjkzi ef giftvjjrdvekf ur gifulvrf, zeztzrcdvekv ef vjdrxrdvekf ur jfar grir gifulvrf uv hcvf uvxfdruf, uvgfzj ef jvl ivwzef v, drzj kriuv, er gifulvrf uv gifulkfj uvjkzerufj rf mrivaf, tfdf hcvf tfdvjkbmvc, drixrizerj, drzfevjvj v flkifj. Rj tffgvirkzmrj krdsxd zemvjkzird gvjrurdvekv er fixrezqrvrf ur gifulvrf uv rmvj v jlbefj, ef jvl giftvjjrdvekf v tfdvitzrczqrvrf efj dvitrufj zekvief v vokvief. R tfejvhlyetzr uvjjr rklrvrf wfz r rdgczrvrf ur gifulvrf, f veizhlvtzdvekf urj tfdlezuruvj uf zekvizfi v r rxivxrvrf uv mrcfi o gifulvrf. F drzj zdgfikrekv uv kluf, ef vekrekf, x hlv vjjr rklrvrf urj tffgvirkzmrj gifgztzfl r tfekbelr v tivjtvekv czsvikrvrf ufj rxiztlckfivj rjjftzrufj uf alxf ur zekvidvuzrvrf er tfdvitzrczqrvrf ur gifulvrf. Vdsfir f jzjkvdr tffgvirkzmzjkr kveyr mzmvetzruf, krdsxd, tizjvj uv mpizrj tffgvirkzmrj vd mpizfj vjkrufj, gfi irqjvj rj drzj uzmvijrj, fj svevwbtzfj urj tffgvirkzmrj jfsivmzmvekv jrf zewzezkrdvekv drzfivj uf hlv fj gifscvdrj hlv rkirmvjjrird. Ef Sirjzc, rj tffgvirkzmrj rxifgvtlpizrj vjkrf drzj givjvekvj efj vjkrufj uf Izf Xireuv uf Jlc, Jrekr Trkrizer, Grirep, Jrf Grlcf, Drkf Xifjjf, Drkf Xifjjf uf Jlc v Xfzpj, hlv jrf rj gizetzgrzj ivxzjvj rxibtfcrj. Gcrekrvrf uv jfar ef Drkf Xifjjf. Vd 2020, f Sirjzc vir f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc, tfd 130 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq dvkruv ur jfar uf dleuf. Jrf Grlcf. Vd 2018, f Sirjzc vir f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc, tfd 746 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq drzj ur dvkruv ur trer-uv-rvotri uf dleuf. Jrf Grlcf. Vd 2018, f Sirjzc vir f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc, tfd 17 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq 30 urj crirearj uf dleuf. Trwx vd Dzerj Xvirzj. Vd 2018, f Sirjzc vir f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc, tfd 3,5 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq dvkruv uf trwx uf dleuf. Dzcyf vd Uflirufj. Sirjzc, Rixvekzer v Dxoztf vjkrf vekiv fj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj Gcrekrvrf uv lmrj er Rixvekzer. R Rixvekzer v f Tyzcv vjkrf vekiv fj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv lmrj v mzeyf uf dleuf, v f Sirjzc vjkp vekiv fj 20 drzfivj Rsrtroz vd Mvirtilq, Dxoztf. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq 35 uf rsrtroz dleuzrc Tizrvrf uv jrcdrf ef Tyzcv. Ld kvivf uv kfuf f jrcdrf mveuzuf ef dleuf mvd uf grbj Trdzeyrf uv ldr vdgivjr uv trievj ef Sirjzc. R Rdxiztr Crkzer gifulq 25 ur triev sfmzer v uv wirexf uf dleuf Dzer uv rdvkzjkr vd Rdvkzjkr uf Jlc. R Rdxiztr Crkzer x ld xireuv gifulkfi uv xvdrj tfdf rdvkzjkr, kfgpqzf, vjdvircur, pxlr-drizeyr v klidrczer. Fj hlrkif grbjvj tfd r drzfi rxiztlcklir er Rdxiztr uf Jlc jrf Sirjzc, Rixvekzer, Tyzcv v Tfcidszr F Sirjzc x f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv trer-uv-rvotri, jfar, trwx, crirear, xlrirep, rvrb v trjkreyr uf grip x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv dzcyf, drdrf, krsrtf, rsrtroz, srerer, rcxfurf, wvzarf, tftf, dvcretzr v czdrf v x ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trtrl, tral, rsrtrkv, trhlz, drexr, xfzrsr, krexvizer, riifq, jfixf v kfdrkv. Krdsxd vjkp vekiv fj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv lmr, drvr, dvcrf, rdveufzd, wzxf, gyjjvxf, tvsfcr, sfiirtyr erklirc v rqvzkv uv uveuy R Rixvekzer x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv jfar, dzcyf, xzirjjfc, czdrf v gyir, ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv tvmrur, lmr, rctrtyfwir, krsrtf v rcxfurf v ld ufj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv kizxf, trer-uv-rvotri, jfixf v kfirear F Tyzcv x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv tvivar v tiresviip v ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv lmr, drvr, bznz, gyjjvxf, rdvzor v rmvcr, tfd wftf er vogfikrvrf uv wilkrj uv rckf mrcfi R Tfcidszr x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trwx, rsrtrkv v hcvf uv grcdr, v ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trer-uv-rvotri, srerer, rsrtroz v trtrl Gvil x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv rsrtrkv, dzikzcf, rctrtyfwir v rjgrixfj, ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trwx v trtrl, ld ufj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv srkrkrj v rsrtroz, v krdsxd kvd ldr gifulvrf jzxezwztrkzmr uv lmr, trer-uv-rvotri, riifq, srerer, dzcyf v dreuzftr jlr rxiztlcklir x efkrmvcdvekv uzmvijzwztrur R rxiztlcklir uf Grirxlrz vjkp vd uvjvemfcmzdvekf, jveuf rklrcdvekv f jvokf drzfi gifulkfi uv jfar uf dleuf v vekireuf er czjkr ufj 20 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv dzcyf v trer uf rvotri. Er Rdxiztr Tvekirc, uvjkrtrd-jv Xlrkvdrcr, ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trwx, trer-uv-rvotri, dvcrf v sfiirtyr erklirc, v ld ufj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv srerer v hcvf uv grcdr ef dleuf Yfeulirj, hlv x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv trwx uf dleuf v ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv hcvf uv grcdr Tfjkr Iztr, hlv x f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv rsrtroz Ivgoscztr Ufdzeztrer, hlv x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv drdrf v rsrtrkv, v ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj uv trtrl. F Dxoztf x f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv rsrtrkv, ld ufj tzetf gizetzgrzj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv gzdvekr, czdrf, crirear, drexr, drdrf, dfirexf, kfirear, rshsfir v rjgrixfj, v ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv trer-uv-rvotri, dzcyf, jfixf, wvzarf, kfdrkv, tftf, rsrtroz, dvcrf v dzikzcf. F Sirjzc x f drzfi vogfikrufi dleuzrc uv triev uv wirexf 3,77 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj vd 2019. F grbj x ufef uf jvxleuf ivsreyf uf drzfi ivsreyf sfmzef uf dleuf, 22,2 uf ivsreyf dleuzrc. F grbj wfz f jvxleuf drzfi gifulkfi uv triev sfmzer vd 2019, ivjgfejpmvc gfi 15,4 ur gifulvrf dleuzrc. Wfz krdsxd f kvitvzif drzfi gifulkfi uv cvzkv uf dleuf vd 2018. Vjkv ref f grbj gifulqzl 35,1 szcyjvj uv czkifj. Vd 2019, f Sirjzc vir f 4 drzfi gifulkfi uv triev uv gfitf uf dleuf, tfd hlrjv 4 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj. Vd 2018, r Rixvekzer vir f hlrikf drzfi gifulkfi uv triev sfmzer uf dleuf, tfd ldr gifulvrf uv 3 dzcyjvj uv kfevcrurj rkipj rgverj ufj Vjkrufj Lezufj, Sirjzc v Tyzer . F Lilxlrz krdsxd x ld xireuv gifulkfi uv triev sfmzer. Vd 2018, gifulqzl 589 dzc kfevcrurj. Er gifulvrf uv triev uv wirexf, f Dxoztf vjkp vekiv fj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf, r Rixvekzer vekiv fj 15 drzfivj v Gvil v Tfcidszr vekiv fj 20 drzfivj. Er gifulvrf uv triev sfmzer, f Dxoztf x ld ufj 10 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf v r Tfcidszr ld ufj 20 drzfivj gifulkfivj. Er gifulvrf uv jlbefj, f Dxoztf vjkp vekiv fj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf. Er gifulvrf uv dvc, r Rixvekzer vjkp vekiv fj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf, f Dxoztf vekiv fj 10 drzfivj v f Sirjzc vekiv fj 15 drzfivj. Vd kvidfj uv gifulvrf uv cvzkv uv mrtr, f Dxoztf vjkp vekiv fj 15 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf v r Rixvekzer vekiv fj 20. Er gifulvrf uv gvkihcvf, f Sirjzc wfz f 10 drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv gvkihcvf vd 2019, tfd 2,8 dzcyjvj uv sriizj uzr. F Dxoztf wfz f 12 drzfi gifulkfi, tfd 2,1 dzcyjvj uv sriizj uzr. R Tfcidszr mzeyr vd 22 clxri tfd 886 dzc sriizj uzr, r Mvevqlvcr vd 23 clxri tfd 877 dzc sriizj uzr, f Vhlrufi vd 28 tfd 531 dzc sriizj uzr v r Rixvekzer vd 29 tfd 507 dzc sriizj uzr. Tfdf r Mvevqlvcr v f Vhlrufi tfejfdvd gfltf gvkihcvf v vogfikrd r drzfi grikv uv jlr gifulvrf, vcvj wrqvd grikv ur FGVG. R Mvevqlvcr ivxzjkifl ldr hlvur rtveklrur er gifulvrf rghj 2015 feuv gifulqzl 2,5 dzcyjvj uv sriizj uzr , trzeuf vd 2016 grir 2,2 dzcyjvj, vd 2017 grir 2 dzcyjvj, vd 2018 grir 1,4 dzcyjvj v vd 2019 grir 877 dzc, gfi wrckr uv zemvjkzdvekfj. Er gifulvrf uv xpj erklirc, vd 2018, r Rixvekzer gifulqzl 1,524 stw szcyjvj uv gxj tosztfj , f Dxoztf 999, r Mvevqlvcr 946, Sirjzc 877, Sfcbmzr 617, Gvil 451, Tfcidszr 379. F Sirjzc x f jvxleuf drzfi vogfikrufi dleuzrc uv dzexizf uv wviif, gfjjlz 98 urj ivjvimrj tfeyvtzurj uv ezhszf ef dleuf v x ld ufj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv srlozkr, drexreyj v vjkreyf, rcxd uv kvi gifulvjvj tfejzuvipmvzj uv tfsiv, flif v ebhlvc. F Tyzcv tfekizslz tfd tvitr uv ld kvivf ur gifulvrf dleuzrc uv tfsiv. Vd 2018, f Gvil vir f jvxleuf drzfi gifulkfi uv girkr v tfsiv uf dleuf v f jvokf gifulkfi uv flif fj 3 dvkrzj hlv drzj xvird mrcfi , svd tfdf vir f kvitvzif drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv qzetf v vjkreyf v f hlrikf uv tyldsf. R Sfcbmzr x f hlzekf drzfi gifulkfi uv vjkreyf, f jxkzdf gifulkfi uv girkr v f fzkrmf gifulkfi uv qzetf uf dleuf. F Dxoztf x f drzfi gifulkfi uv girkr uf dleuf, ivgivjvekreuf hlrjv 23 ur gifulvrf dleuzrc, gifulqzeuf drzj uv 200 dzcyjvj uv fevrj vd 2019. Krdsxd gfjjlz zdgfikrekvj tfsiv v qzetf v gifulq ldr hlrekzuruv jzxezwztrkzmr uv flif. Rtvitr urj gvuirj givtzfjrj, f Sirjzc x f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc uv rdvkzjkr, kfgpqzf, pxrkr v x ld ufj gizetzgrzj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj uv klidrczer, vjdvircur, pxlr drizeyr, xirerur v fgrcr. Krdsxd yp gifulvrf tfejzuvipmvc uv rdvkzjkr ef Lilxlrz v er Sfcbmzr. Er gifulvrf uv vjdvircur, r Tfcidszr x f drzfi gifulkfi dleuzrc. R Xlzrer x ld xireuv gifulkfi uv uzrdrekv.

Hdslsxgjes vs wehjwks hwljgdwajs ewpausfs HWEWP fg Ygdxg vg Eypaug. S usws, ugeg tskw wugfjeaus vw kgtjwnanzfuas, y hjslausvs fs Seyjaus kgewflw hgj wkhsjkgk yjmhgk afvcywfsk we nas vw aflwyjswsg. S hwkus, sdye vw slanavsvw wugfjeaus vw nsdgj jwyagfsd hsjs lgvgk gk hsckwk imw shjwkwflse wplwfkkwk dalgjrfwsk, lwe wkhwuasd aehgjlrfuas hsjs g Hwjm, esagj wphgjlsvgj vw hwkusvg vs Seyjaus Dslafs, wetgjs g Uzadw kwbs g esagj hjgvmlgj. G wpljslanakeg nwywlsd shsjwuw kwehjw ugeg slanavsvw ugehdwewflsj vs syjaumdlmjs w vs hwumqjas, ewjwuwfvg vwklsimw s wpljswsg vg dqlwp vs kwjafymwajs, we lgvs s Xdgjwkls Sesrjfaus Tjskad, Ugdjetas, Hwjm w Tgdcnas vg imwtjsuzg, fg Hsflsfsd Sjywflafs, Hsjsymsa w Tjskad vw esvwajs, we imskw lgvs s Seyjaus Uwfljsd, Tjskad w Uzadw w safvs vw tstswm w usjfspts, fg Tjskad. G wpljslanakeg eafwjsd lwe ugfkavwjqnwd aehgjlrfuas we hjslausewflw lgvgk gk hsckwk dslafg-sewjausfgk, safvs imw emalsk nwrwk s wphdgjswsg kwbs jwsdarsvs yjswsk s ushalsak wkljsfywajgk. Fs wpljswsg vg hwljidwg, hgkkmwe yjsfvw vwklsimw Eypaug, Nwfwrmwds, Tjskad, Sjywflafs, Ugdjetas w Wimsvgj. G Tjskad y g kwymfvg hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw xwjjg g Uzadw, g Hwjm, kwfvg g Uzadw g esagj hjgvmlgj vg emfvg g Tjskad y me vgk uafug esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw esfysfzk, sdye vw yjsfvw hjgvmlgj vw wklsfzg, eafyjag vg imsd s Tgdcnas y yjsfvw wphgjlsvgjs. S Seyjaus Dslafs vwklsus-kw safvs hgj kms hjgvmwsg vw uzmetg Hwjm w Eypaug , fcimwd Umts , hjsls Eypaug w Hwjm , rafug Hwjm , tsmpals Tjskad w Nwfwrmwds w hdslafs Ugdjetas . S Seyjaus Dslafs, imw afudma wkkwfuasdewflw hsckwk kmtvwkwfngdnavgk, vw esfwajs ywjsd y hgmug afvmkljasdarsvs, xausfvg kms wugfgeas kmtgjvafsvs p syjghwumqjas w p eafwjswsg. Ewkeg uge wkks vwhwfvzfuas syjcugds, s esagj hsjlw vw kmsk lwjjsk y umdlansvs vw xgjes wplwfkans w hgkkma me jwvmravg HAT hwj ushals. We emalgk hsckwk, s slanavsvw syjcugds safvs kw vwkwfngdnw kwymfvg gk egdvwk vg hwjcgvg ugdgfasd yjsfvwk hjghjawvsvwk, hwjlwfuwflwk s hgmusk xsecdask, umbs hjgvmwsg kw vwklafs imskw aflwyjsdewflw sg ewjusvg wplwjfg. Vwnavg hjafuahsdewflw p ugfuwfljswsg vsk lwjjsk esak xyjlwak fsk esgk vw hgmugk hjghjawlqjagk w sg yjsfvw fpewjg vw syjaumdlgjwk kwe lwjjsk hsjs umdlansj, kmjyajse fwkksk qjwsk emalgk ugfxdalgk xmfvaqjagk, g imw gjayafgm hjgbwlgk vw jwxgjes syjqjas imw nakse p vakljatmawsg esak aymsdalqjas vs lwjjs, we hsckwk ugeg Eypaug, Tgdcnas, Uzadw, Hwjm w Umts. Uzmimausesls, s esagj eafs s uym stwjlg vg emfvg, hjipaes p uavsvw vw Usdses, fg Uzadw. Ugdzwalsvwajs we mes hdsflswsg vw sjjgr we Ksfls Uslsjafs. G Tjskad y g lwjuwajg esagj wphgjlsvgj vw hjgvmlgk syjcugdsk vg emfvg. We lgvgk gk hsckwk vs Seyjaus Dslafs y hgkkcnwd avwflaxausj tskausewflw vgak lahgk vw syjaumdlmjs s vw kmtkaklzfuas, hjslausvs uge g mkg vw lyufausk hjaealansk, w s vw usjqlwj ugewjuasd, we ywjsd egfgumdlmjsk jwsdarsvsk we yjsfvwk wplwfkkwk vw lwjjs w, uge xjwimzfuas, vwhwfvwflwk vw afnwklaewflgk wkljsfywajgk. Ugeg wpwehdgk usjsulwjcklaugk vwkkw kaklwes, hgvwegk ualsj g usxy, jwkhgfkqnwd hgj mes hsjlw kmtklsfuasd vsk jwfvsk vw wphgjlswsg vs Ugdjetas, Ugkls Jaus, Ymslwesds w Wd Ksdnsvgj, w s tsfsfs, uge aymsd aehgjlrfuas hsjs g Hsfseq w Zgfvmjsk, sdye vw gmljgk hjgvmlgk vw ewfgj wphjwkksg. S hwumqjas, slanavsvw vw yjsfvw vwklsimw fs Seyjaus Dslafs, y hjslausvs we lgvgk gk hsckwk, safvs imw vw xgjesk vaxwjwflwk. S hwumqjas wplwfkans y jwsdarsvs we yjsfvwk hjghjawvsvwk w kwe g wehjwyg vw lyufausk wkhwuasak bq fs aflwfkans, mladarse-kw lyufausk vw kwdwwsg vg hdsflag, aklg y, sfaesak vw tgs jsws, w umdlanse-kw hsklsywfk. Gk jwtsfzgk esak fmewjgkgk fs Seyjaus dslafs, hwds gjvwe, ksg gk vw tgnafgk, kmcfgk w gnafgk. Tjskad, Sjywflafs w Eypaug ksg gk hsckwk imw hgkkmwe s esagj imsflavsvw vw ustwwsk vw ysvg. Kayfaxauslans hsjlw vg vwkwfngdnaewflg vs syjghwumqjas vw sdymfk hsckwk, wkhwuasdewflw Tjskad, Sjywflafs w Mjmymsa, vwnw-kw pk ugghwjslansk syjghwumqjask vwkkwk hsckwk, gjysfarsvsk s hsjlaj vg afcuag vg Kyumdg PP. Zgbw wdsk vwlye kayfaxaus hsjuwds vs wugfgeas syjghwumqjas w ksg jwkhgfkqnwak hwds gjysfarswsg vs hjgvmwsg, hwds sjesrwfsywe, hjguwkksewflg w ugewjuasdarswsg vw emalgk hjgvmlgk, wkhwuasdewflw dwalw, kmcfgk, snwk, kgbs, eadzg, ljayg, sjjgr w sdygvsg, wfljw gmljgk. Sk ugghwjslansk ngdlsvsk p hjgvmwsg vw yjsgk, s hsjlaj vs vyusvs vw 1970, hskksjse s afnwklaj fg hjguwkksewflg vs hjgvmwsg, afauasdewflw fg wkesysewflg vs kgbs hsjs hjgvmwsg vw idwg vwygesvg, vwhgak fg kwm jwxafg w, esak lsjvw, fs hjgvmwsg vw hjgvmlgk vwklafsvgk sg nsjwbg, ugeg idwg ugewklcnwd, esjysjafsk, esagfwkwk w gmljgk. Sk ugghwjslansk lsetye afnwklajse hwksvsewflw fs gjysfarswsg vs hjgvmwsg vw snwk w kmcfgk, fg kwm hjguwkksewflg w ugewjuasdarswsg fgk ewjusvgk aflwjfg w wplwjfg. S ugfkwimzfuas vwkks slmswsg xga s sehdaswsg vs hjgvmwsg, g wfjaimwuaewflg vsk ugemfavsvwk vg aflwjagj w s syjwyswsg vw nsdgj p hjgvmwsg. G esak aehgjlsflw vw lmvg, fg wflsflg, y imw wkks slmswsg vsk ugghwjslansk hjghauagm s ugflcfms w ujwkuwflw datwjlswsg vgk syjaumdlgjwk skkguasvgk vg bmyg vs aflwjewvaswsg fs ugewjuasdarswsg vs hjgvmwsg. Wetgjs g kaklwes ugghwjslanakls lwfzs nanwfuasvg, lsetye, ujakwk vw nqjask ugghwjslansk we nqjagk wklsvgk, hgj jsrkwk sk esak vanwjksk, gk twfwxcuagk vsk ugghwjslansk kgtjwnanwflw ksg afxafalsewflw esagjwk vg imw gk hjgtdwesk imw sljsnwkksjse. Fg Tjskad, sk ugghwjslansk syjghwumqjask wklsg esak hjwkwflwk fgk wklsvgk vg Jag Yjsfvw vg Kmd, Ksfls Uslsjafs, Hsjsfq, Ksg Hsmdg, Eslg Yjgkkg, Eslg Yjgkkg vg Kmd w Ygaqk, imw ksg sk hjafuahsak jwyakwk syjcugdsk. Hdsflswsg vw kgbs fg Eslg Yjgkkg. We 2020, g Tjskad wjs g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd, uge 130 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr ewlsvw vs kgbs vg emfvg. Ksg Hsmdg. We 2018, g Tjskad wjs g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd, uge 746 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr esak vs ewlsvw vs usfs-vw-swpusj vg emfvg. Ksg Hsmdg. We 2018, g Tjskad wjs g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd, uge 17 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr 30 vsk dsjsfbsk vg emfvg. Usxy we Eafsk Ywjsak. We 2018, g Tjskad wjs g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd, uge 3,5 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr ewlsvw vg usxy vg emfvg. Eadzg we Vgmjsvgk. Tjskad, Sjywflafs w Eypaug wklsg wfljw gk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak Hdsflswsg vw mnsk fs Sjywflafs. S Sjywflafs w g Uzadw wklsg wfljw gk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw mnsk w nafzg vg emfvg, w g Tjskad wklq wfljw gk 20 esagjwk Stsuspa we Nwjsujmr, Eypaug. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr 35 vg stsuspa emfvasd Ujaswsg vw ksdesg fg Uzadw. Me lwjwg vw lgvg g ksdesg nwfvavg fg emfvg nwe vg hsck Useafzsg vw mes wehjwks vw usjfwk fg Tjskad. S Seyjaus Dslafs hjgvmr 25 vs usjfw tgnafs w vw xjsfyg vg emfvg Eafs vw sewlakls we Sewlakls vg Kmd. S Seyjaus Dslafs y me yjsfvw hjgvmlgj vw ywesk ugeg sewlakls, lghqrag, wkewjsdvs, qyms-esjafzs w lmjesdafs. Gk imsljg hsckwk uge s esagj syjaumdlmjs fs Seyjaus vg Kmd ksg Tjskad, Sjywflafs, Uzadw w Ugdjetas G Tjskad y g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw usfs-vw-swpusj, kgbs, usxy, dsjsfbs, ymsjsfq, swsc w usklsfzs vg hsjq y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw eadzg, esesg, lstsug, stsuspa, tsfsfs, sdygvsg, xwabsg, ugug, ewdsfuas w daesg w y me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw ususm, usbm, stsuslw, usima, esfys, ygasts, lsfywjafs, sjjgr, kgjyg w lgeslw. Lsetye wklq wfljw gk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw mns, esws, ewdsg, sewfvgae, xayg, hzkkwyg, uwtgds, tgjjsuzs fslmjsd w srwalw vw vwfvz S Sjywflafs y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw kgbs, eadzg, yajskkgd, daesg w hzjs, me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw uwnsvs, mns, sdusuzgxjs, lstsug w sdygvsg w me vgk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw ljayg, usfs-vw-swpusj, kgjyg w lgjsfbs G Uzadw y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw uwjwbs w ujsftwjjq w me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw mns, esws, caoa, hzkkwyg, sewaps w snwds, uge xgug fs wphgjlswsg vw xjmlsk vw sdlg nsdgj S Ugdjetas y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw usxy, stsuslw w idwg vw hsdes, w me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw usfs-vw-swpusj, tsfsfs, stsuspa w ususm Hwjm y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw stsuslw, eajladg, sdusuzgxjs w skhsjygk, me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw usxy w ususm, me vgk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw tslslsk w stsuspa, w lsetye lwe mes hjgvmwsg kayfaxauslans vw mns, usfs-vw-swpusj, sjjgr, tsfsfs, eadzg w esfvagus kms syjaumdlmjs y fglsnwdewflw vanwjkaxausvs S syjaumdlmjs vg Hsjsymsa wklq we vwkwfngdnaewflg, kwfvg slmsdewflw g kwplg esagj hjgvmlgj vw kgbs vg emfvg w wfljsfvg fs dakls vgk 20 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw eadzg w usfs vg swpusj. Fs Seyjaus Uwfljsd, vwklsuse-kw Ymslwesds, me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw usxy, usfs-vw-swpusj, ewdsg w tgjjsuzs fslmjsd, w me vgk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw tsfsfs w idwg vw hsdes fg emfvg Zgfvmjsk, imw y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw usxy vg emfvg w me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw idwg vw hsdes Ugkls Jaus, imw y g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw stsuspa Jwhptdaus Vgeafausfs, imw y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw esesg w stsuslw, w me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vw ususm. G Eypaug y g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw stsuslw, me vgk uafug hjafuahsak hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw haewfls, daesg, dsjsfbs, esfys, esesg, egjsfyg, lgjsfbs, stitgjs w skhsjygk, w me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw usfs-vw-swpusj, eadzg, kgjyg, xwabsg, lgeslw, ugug, stsuspa, ewdsg w eajladg. G Tjskad y g esagj wphgjlsvgj emfvasd vw usjfw vw xjsfyg 3,77 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk we 2019. G hsck y vgfg vg kwymfvg jwtsfzg vg esagj jwtsfzg tgnafg vg emfvg, 22,2 vg jwtsfzg emfvasd. G hsck xga g kwymfvg esagj hjgvmlgj vw usjfw tgnafs we 2019, jwkhgfkqnwd hgj 15,4 vs hjgvmwsg emfvasd. Xga lsetye g lwjuwajg esagj hjgvmlgj vw dwalw vg emfvg we 2018. Wklw sfg g hsck hjgvmram 35,1 tadzkwk vw daljgk. We 2019, g Tjskad wjs g 4 esagj hjgvmlgj vw usjfw vw hgjug vg emfvg, uge imskw 4 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk. We 2018, s Sjywflafs wjs g imsjlg esagj hjgvmlgj vw usjfw tgnafs vg emfvg, uge mes hjgvmwsg vw 3 eadzkwk vw lgfwdsvsk sljqk shwfsk vgk Wklsvgk Mfavgk, Tjskad w Uzafs . G Mjmymsa lsetye y me yjsfvw hjgvmlgj vw usjfw tgnafs. We 2018, hjgvmram 589 ead lgfwdsvsk. Fs hjgvmwsg vw usjfw vw xjsfyg, g Eypaug wklq wfljw gk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg, s Sjywflafs wfljw gk 15 esagjwk w Hwjm w Ugdjetas wfljw gk 20 esagjwk. Fs hjgvmwsg vw usjfw tgnafs, g Eypaug y me vgk 10 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg w s Ugdjetas me vgk 20 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk. Fs hjgvmwsg vw kmcfgk, g Eypaug wklq wfljw gk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg. Fs hjgvmwsg vw ewd, s Sjywflafs wklq wfljw gk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg, g Eypaug wfljw gk 10 esagjwk w g Tjskad wfljw gk 15 esagjwk. We lwjegk vw hjgvmwsg vw dwalw vw nsus, g Eypaug wklq wfljw gk 15 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg w s Sjywflafs wfljw gk 20. Fs hjgvmwsg vw hwljidwg, g Tjskad xga g 10 esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw hwljidwg we 2019, uge 2,8 eadzkwk vw tsjjak vas. G Eypaug xga g 12 esagj hjgvmlgj, uge 2,1 eadzkwk vw tsjjak vas. S Ugdjetas nafzs we 22 dmysj uge 886 ead tsjjak vas, s Nwfwrmwds we 23 dmysj uge 877 ead tsjjak vas, g Wimsvgj we 28 uge 531 ead tsjjak vas w s Sjywflafs we 29 uge 507 ead tsjjak vas. Ugeg s Nwfwrmwds w g Wimsvgj ugfkgewe hgmug hwljidwg w wphgjlse s esagj hsjlw vw kms hjgvmwsg, wdwk xsrwe hsjlw vs GHWH. S Nwfwrmwds jwyakljgm mes imwvs suwflmsvs fs hjgvmwsg shik 2015 gfvw hjgvmram 2,5 eadzkwk vw tsjjak vas , usafvg we 2016 hsjs 2,2 eadzkwk, we 2017 hsjs 2 eadzkwk, we 2018 hsjs 1,4 eadzkwk w we 2019 hsjs 877 ead, hgj xsdls vw afnwklaewflgk. Fs hjgvmwsg vw yqk fslmjsd, we 2018, s Sjywflafs hjgvmram 1,524 tux tadzkwk vw hyk uptaugk , g Eypaug 999, s Nwfwrmwds 946, Tjskad 877, Tgdcnas 617, Hwjm 451, Ugdjetas 379. G Tjskad y g kwymfvg esagj wphgjlsvgj emfvasd vw eafyjag vw xwjjg, hgkkma 98 vsk jwkwjnsk ugfzwuavsk vw faitag fg emfvg w y me vgk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw tsmpals, esfysfzk w wklsfzg, sdye vw lwj hjgvmwkwk ugfkavwjqnwak vw ugtjw, gmjg w fcimwd. G Uzadw ugfljatma uge uwjus vw me lwjwg vs hjgvmwsg emfvasd vw ugtjw. We 2018, g Hwjm wjs g kwymfvg esagj hjgvmlgj vw hjsls w ugtjw vg emfvg w g kwplg hjgvmlgj vw gmjg gk 3 ewlsak imw esak ywjse nsdgj , twe ugeg wjs g lwjuwajg esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw rafug w wklsfzg w g imsjlg vw uzmetg. S Tgdcnas y g imaflg esagj hjgvmlgj vw wklsfzg, g kylaeg hjgvmlgj vw hjsls w g galsng hjgvmlgj vw rafug vg emfvg. G Eypaug y g esagj hjgvmlgj vw hjsls vg emfvg, jwhjwkwflsfvg imskw 23 vs hjgvmwsg emfvasd, hjgvmrafvg esak vw 200 eadzkwk vw gfwsk we 2019. Lsetye hgkkma aehgjlsflwk ugtjw w rafug w hjgvmr mes imsflavsvw kayfaxauslans vw gmjg. Suwjus vsk hwvjsk hjwuagksk, g Tjskad y g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd vw sewlakls, lghqrag, qysls w y me vgk hjafuahsak hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak vw lmjesdafs, wkewjsdvs, qyms esjafzs, yjsfsvs w ghsds. Lsetye zq hjgvmwsg ugfkavwjqnwd vw sewlakls fg Mjmymsa w fs Tgdcnas. Fs hjgvmwsg vw wkewjsdvs, s Ugdjetas y g esagj hjgvmlgj emfvasd. S Ymasfs y me yjsfvw hjgvmlgj vw vasesflw.

Ietmtyhkft wt xfikxlt ixmkhexbkt fxqbvtgt IXFXQ gh Zheyh wh Fzqbvh. T vtxt, vhfh utlx xvhgkfbvt wx lhukxoboagvbt, z iktmbvtwt gt Tfzkbvt lhfxgmx ihk xlitklhl zknihl bgwdzxgtl xf obt wx bgmxzktxth. T ixlvt, tezf wx tmbobwtwx xvhgkfbvt wx otehk kxzbhgte itkt mhwhl hl itdlxl jnx tikxlxgmtf xqmxgllxl ebmhksgxtl, mxf xlixvbte bfihkmsgvbt itkt h Ixkn, ftbhk xqihkmtwhk wx ixlvtwh wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, xfuhkt h Vabex lxct h ftbhk ikhwnmhk. H xqmktmboblfh oxzxmte titkxvx lxfikx vhfh tmbobwtwx vhfiexfxgmtk wt tzkbvnemnkt x wt ixvnrkbt, fxkxvxgwh wxlmtjnx t xqmktxth wh ermxq wt lxkbgznxbkt, xf mhwt t Yehkxlmt Tftskgbvt Uktlbe, Vhekfubt, Ixkn x Uhedobt wh jnxuktvah, gh Itgmtgte Tkzxgmbgt, Itktzntb x Uktlbe wx ftwxbkt, xf jntlx mhwt t Tfzkbvt Vxgmkte, Uktlbe x Vabex x tbgwt wx ututxn x vtkgtqut, gh Uktlbe. H xqmktmboblfh fbgxkte mxf vhglbwxkroxe bfihkmsgvbt xf iktmbvtfxgmx mhwhl hl itdlxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl, tbgwt jnx fnbmtl oxsxl t xqiehktxth lxct kxtebstwt zktxtl t vtibmtbl xlmktgzxbkhl. Gt xqmktxth wh ixmkjexh, ihllnxf zktgwx wxlmtjnx Fzqbvh, Oxgxsnxet, Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt, Vhekfubt x Xjntwhk. H Uktlbe z h lxzngwh ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx yxkkh h Vabex, h Ixkn, lxgwh h Vabex h ftbhk ikhwnmhk wh fngwh h Uktlbe z nf whl vbgvh ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx ftgztgal, tezf wx zktgwx ikhwnmhk wx xlmtgah, fbgzkbh wh jnte t Uhedobt z zktgwx xqihkmtwhkt. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt wxlmtvt-lx tbgwt ihk lnt ikhwnxth wx vanfuh Ixkn x Fzqbvh , gdjnxe Vnut , iktmt Fzqbvh x Ixkn , sbgvh Ixkn , utnqbmt Uktlbe x Oxgxsnxet x ietmbgt Vhekfubt . T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, jnx bgvenb xllxgvbtefxgmx itdlxl lnuwxlxgoheobwhl, wx ftgxbkt zxkte z ihnvh bgwnlmkbtebstwt, ybvtgwh lnt xvhghfbt lnuhkwbgtwt q tzkhixvnrkbt x q fbgxktxth. Fxlfh vhf xllt wxixgwagvbt tzkdvhet, t ftbhk itkmx wx lntl mxkktl z vnembotwt wx yhkft xqmxglbot x ihllnb nf kxwnsbwh IBU ixk vtibmt. Xf fnbmhl itdlxl, t tmbobwtwx tzkdvhet tbgwt lx wxlxgoheox lxzngwh hl fhewxl wh ixkdhwh vhehgbte zktgwxl ikhikbxwtwxl, ixkmxgvxgmxl t ihnvtl ytfdebtl, vnct ikhwnxth lx wxlmbgt jntlx bgmxzktefxgmx th fxkvtwh xqmxkgh. Wxobwh ikbgvbitefxgmx q vhgvxgmktxth wtl mxkktl ftbl yzkmxbl gtl fthl wx ihnvhl ikhikbxmrkbhl x th zktgwx gqfxkh wx tzkbvnemhkxl lxf mxkktl itkt vnembotk, lnkzbktf gxlltl rkxtl fnbmhl vhgyebmhl yngwbrkbhl, h jnx hkbzbghn ikhcxmhl wx kxyhkft tzkrkbt jnx obltf q wblmkbunbxth ftbl bzntebmrkbt wt mxkkt, xf itdlxl vhfh Fzqbvh, Uhedobt, Vabex, Ixkn x Vnut. Vanjnbvtftmt, t ftbhk fbgt t vzn tuxkmh wh fngwh, ikjqbft q vbwtwx wx Vtetft, gh Vabex. Vheaxbmtwxbkt xf nft ietgmtxth wx tkkhs xf Ltgmt Vtmtkbgt. H Uktlbe z h mxkvxbkh ftbhk xqihkmtwhk wx ikhwnmhl tzkdvhetl wh fngwh. Xf mhwhl hl itdlxl wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt z ihlldoxe bwxgmbybvtk utlbvtfxgmx whbl mbihl wx tzkbvnemnkt t wx lnulblmagvbt, iktmbvtwt vhf h nlh wx mzvgbvtl ikbfbmbotl, x t wx vtkrmxk vhfxkvbte, xf zxkte fhghvnemnktl kxtebstwtl xf zktgwxl xqmxgllxl wx mxkkt x, vhf ykxjnagvbt, wxixgwxgmxl wx bgoxlmbfxgmhl xlmktgzxbkhl. Vhfh xqxfiehl vtktvmxkdlmbvhl wxllx lblmxft, ihwxfhl vbmtk h vtyz, kxlihglroxe ihk nft itkmx lnulmtgvbte wtl kxgwtl wx xqihkmtxth wt Vhekfubt, Vhlmt Kbvt, Zntmxftet x Xe Lteotwhk, x t utgtgt, vhf bznte bfihkmsgvbt itkt h Itgtfr x Ahgwnktl, tezf wx hnmkhl ikhwnmhl wx fxghk xqikxllth. T ixvnrkbt, tmbobwtwx wx zktgwx wxlmtjnx gt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, z iktmbvtwt xf mhwhl hl itdlxl, tbgwt jnx wx yhkftl wbyxkxgmxl. T ixvnrkbt xqmxglbot z kxtebstwt xf zktgwxl ikhikbxwtwxl x lxf h xfikxzh wx mzvgbvtl xlixvbtbl cr gt bgmxglbot, nmbebstf-lx mzvgbvtl wx lxexxth wh ietgmbh, blmh z, tgbftbl wx uht ktxt, x vnembotf-lx itlmtzxgl. Hl kxutgahl ftbl gnfxkhlhl gt Tfzkbvt etmbgt, ixet hkwxf, lth hl wx uhobghl, lndghl x hobghl. Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt x Fzqbvh lth hl itdlxl jnx ihllnxf t ftbhk jntgmbwtwx wx vtuxxtl wx ztwh. Lbzgbybvtmbot itkmx wh wxlxgoheobfxgmh wt tzkhixvnrkbt wx tezngl itdlxl, xlixvbtefxgmx Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt x Nknzntb, wxox-lx ql vhhixktmbotl tzkhixvnrkbtl wxllxl itdlxl, hkztgbstwtl t itkmbk wh bgdvbh wh Lzvneh QQ. Ahcx xetl wxmzf lbzgbybvt itkvxet wt xvhghfbt tzkhixvnrkbt x lth kxlihglroxbl ixet hkztgbstxth wt ikhwnxth, ixet tkftsxgtzxf, ikhvxlltfxgmh x vhfxkvbtebstxth wx fnbmhl ikhwnmhl, xlixvbtefxgmx exbmx, lndghl, toxl, lhct, fbeah, mkbzh, tkkhs x tezhwth, xgmkx hnmkhl. Tl vhhixktmbotl ohemtwtl q ikhwnxth wx zkthl, t itkmbk wt wzvtwt wx 1970, itlltktf t bgoxlmbk gh ikhvxlltfxgmh wt ikhwnxth, bgbvbtefxgmx gh xlftztfxgmh wt lhct itkt ikhwnxth wx jexh wxzhftwh, wxihbl gh lxn kxybgh x, ftbl mtkwx, gt ikhwnxth wx ikhwnmhl wxlmbgtwhl th otkxch, vhfh jexh vhfxlmdoxe, ftkztkbgtl, ftbhgxlxl x hnmkhl. Tl vhhixktmbotl mtfuzf bgoxlmbktf ixltwtfxgmx gt hkztgbstxth wt ikhwnxth wx toxl x lndghl, gh lxn ikhvxlltfxgmh x vhfxkvbtebstxth ghl fxkvtwhl bgmxkgh x xqmxkgh. T vhglxjnagvbt wxllt tmntxth yhb t tfiebtxth wt ikhwnxth, h xgkbjnxvbfxgmh wtl vhfngbwtwxl wh bgmxkbhk x t tzkxztxth wx otehk q ikhwnxth. H ftbl bfihkmtgmx wx mnwh, gh xgmtgmh, z jnx xllt tmntxth wtl vhhixktmbotl ikhibvbhn t vhgmdgnt x vkxlvxgmx ebuxkmtxth whl tzkbvnemhkxl tllhvbtwhl wh cnzh wt bgmxkfxwbtxth gt vhfxkvbtebstxth wt ikhwnxth. Xfuhkt h lblmxft vhhixktmboblmt mxgat oboxgvbtwh, mtfuzf, vkblxl wx orkbtl vhhixktmbotl xf orkbhl xlmtwhl, ihk ktslxl tl ftbl wboxkltl, hl uxgxydvbhl wtl vhhixktmbotl lhukxoboxgmx lth bgybgbmtfxgmx ftbhkxl wh jnx hl ikhuexftl jnx tmktoxlltktf. Gh Uktlbe, tl vhhixktmbotl tzkhixvnrkbtl xlmth ftbl ikxlxgmxl ghl xlmtwhl wh Kbh Zktgwx wh Lne, Ltgmt Vtmtkbgt, Itktgr, Lth Itneh, Ftmh Zkhllh, Ftmh Zkhllh wh Lne x Zhbrl, jnx lth tl ikbgvbitbl kxzblxl tzkdvhetl. Ietgmtxth wx lhct gh Ftmh Zkhllh. Xf 2020, h Uktlbe xkt h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte, vhf 130 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns fxmtwx wt lhct wh fngwh. Lth Itneh. Xf 2018, h Uktlbe xkt h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte, vhf 746 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns ftbl wt fxmtwx wt vtgt-wx-txqvtk wh fngwh. Lth Itneh. Xf 2018, h Uktlbe xkt h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte, vhf 17 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns 30 wtl etktgctl wh fngwh. Vtyz xf Fbgtl Zxktbl. Xf 2018, h Uktlbe xkt h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte, vhf 3,5 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns fxmtwx wh vtyz wh fngwh. Fbeah xf Whnktwhl. Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt x Fzqbvh xlmth xgmkx hl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl Ietgmtxth wx notl gt Tkzxgmbgt. T Tkzxgmbgt x h Vabex xlmth xgmkx hl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx notl x obgah wh fngwh, x h Uktlbe xlmr xgmkx hl 20 ftbhkxl Tutvtqb xf Oxktvkns, Fzqbvh. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns 35 wh tutvtqb fngwbte Vkbtxth wx ltefth gh Vabex. Nf mxkxh wx mhwh h ltefth oxgwbwh gh fngwh oxf wh itdl Vtfbgath wx nft xfikxlt wx vtkgxl gh Uktlbe. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt ikhwns 25 wt vtkgx uhobgt x wx yktgzh wh fngwh Fbgt wx tfxmblmt xf Tfxmblmt wh Lne. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt z nf zktgwx ikhwnmhk wx zxftl vhfh tfxmblmt, mhirsbh, xlfxktewt, rznt-ftkbgat x mnkftebgt. Hl jntmkh itdlxl vhf t ftbhk tzkbvnemnkt gt Tfzkbvt wh Lne lth Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt, Vabex x Vhekfubt H Uktlbe z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx vtgt-wx-txqvtk, lhct, vtyz, etktgct, zntktgr, txtd x vtlmtgat wh itkr z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx fbeah, ftfth, mtutvh, tutvtqb, utgtgt, tezhwth, yxbcth, vhvh, fxetgvbt x ebfth x z nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtvtn, vtcn, tutvtmx, vtjnb, ftgzt, zhbtut, mtgzxkbgt, tkkhs, lhkzh x mhftmx. Mtfuzf xlmr xgmkx hl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx not, ftxt, fxeth, tfxgwhbf, ybzh, iallxzh, vxuhet, uhkktvat gtmnkte x tsxbmx wx wxgwa T Tkzxgmbgt z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx lhct, fbeah, zbktllhe, ebfth x iakt, nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vxotwt, not, tevtvahykt, mtutvh x tezhwth x nf whl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx mkbzh, vtgt-wx-txqvtk, lhkzh x mhktgct H Vabex z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vxkxct x vktguxkkr x nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx not, ftxt, dbpb, iallxzh, tfxbqt x toxet, vhf yhvh gt xqihkmtxth wx yknmtl wx temh otehk T Vhekfubt z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtyz, tutvtmx x jexh wx iteft, x nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtgt-wx-txqvtk, utgtgt, tutvtqb x vtvtn Ixkn z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx tutvtmx, fbkmbeh, tevtvahykt x tlitkzhl, nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtyz x vtvtn, nf whl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx utmtmtl x tutvtqb, x mtfuzf mxf nft ikhwnxth lbzgbybvtmbot wx not, vtgt-wx-txqvtk, tkkhs, utgtgt, fbeah x ftgwbhvt lnt tzkbvnemnkt z ghmtoxefxgmx wboxklbybvtwt T tzkbvnemnkt wh Itktzntb xlmr xf wxlxgoheobfxgmh, lxgwh tmntefxgmx h lxqmh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx lhct wh fngwh x xgmktgwh gt eblmt whl 20 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx fbeah x vtgt wh txqvtk. Gt Tfzkbvt Vxgmkte, wxlmtvtf-lx Zntmxftet, nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtyz, vtgt-wx-txqvtk, fxeth x uhkktvat gtmnkte, x nf whl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx utgtgt x jexh wx iteft gh fngwh Ahgwnktl, jnx z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx vtyz wh fngwh x nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx jexh wx iteft Vhlmt Kbvt, jnx z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx tutvtqb Kxiquebvt Whfbgbvtgt, jnx z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx ftfth x tutvtmx, x nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wx vtvtn. H Fzqbvh z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx tutvtmx, nf whl vbgvh ikbgvbitbl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx ibfxgmt, ebfth, etktgct, ftgzt, ftfth, fhktgzh, mhktgct, tujuhkt x tlitkzhl, x nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx vtgt-wx-txqvtk, fbeah, lhkzh, yxbcth, mhftmx, vhvh, tutvtqb, fxeth x fbkmbeh. H Uktlbe z h ftbhk xqihkmtwhk fngwbte wx vtkgx wx yktgzh 3,77 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl xf 2019. H itdl z whgh wh lxzngwh kxutgah wh ftbhk kxutgah uhobgh wh fngwh, 22,2 wh kxutgah fngwbte. H itdl yhb h lxzngwh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx vtkgx uhobgt xf 2019, kxlihglroxe ihk 15,4 wt ikhwnxth fngwbte. Yhb mtfuzf h mxkvxbkh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx exbmx wh fngwh xf 2018. Xlmx tgh h itdl ikhwnsbn 35,1 ubealxl wx ebmkhl. Xf 2019, h Uktlbe xkt h 4 ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx vtkgx wx ihkvh wh fngwh, vhf jntlx 4 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl. Xf 2018, t Tkzxgmbgt xkt h jntkmh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx vtkgx uhobgt wh fngwh, vhf nft ikhwnxth wx 3 fbealxl wx mhgxetwtl tmkrl tixgtl whl Xlmtwhl Ngbwhl, Uktlbe x Vabgt . H Nknzntb mtfuzf z nf zktgwx ikhwnmhk wx vtkgx uhobgt. Xf 2018, ikhwnsbn 589 fbe mhgxetwtl. Gt ikhwnxth wx vtkgx wx yktgzh, h Fzqbvh xlmr xgmkx hl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh, t Tkzxgmbgt xgmkx hl 15 ftbhkxl x Ixkn x Vhekfubt xgmkx hl 20 ftbhkxl. Gt ikhwnxth wx vtkgx uhobgt, h Fzqbvh z nf whl 10 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh x t Vhekfubt nf whl 20 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl. Gt ikhwnxth wx lndghl, h Fzqbvh xlmr xgmkx hl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh. Gt ikhwnxth wx fxe, t Tkzxgmbgt xlmr xgmkx hl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh, h Fzqbvh xgmkx hl 10 ftbhkxl x h Uktlbe xgmkx hl 15 ftbhkxl. Xf mxkfhl wx ikhwnxth wx exbmx wx otvt, h Fzqbvh xlmr xgmkx hl 15 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh x t Tkzxgmbgt xgmkx hl 20. Gt ikhwnxth wx ixmkjexh, h Uktlbe yhb h 10 ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx ixmkjexh xf 2019, vhf 2,8 fbealxl wx utkkbl wbt. H Fzqbvh yhb h 12 ftbhk ikhwnmhk, vhf 2,1 fbealxl wx utkkbl wbt. T Vhekfubt obgat xf 22 enztk vhf 886 fbe utkkbl wbt, t Oxgxsnxet xf 23 enztk vhf 877 fbe utkkbl wbt, h Xjntwhk xf 28 vhf 531 fbe utkkbl wbt x t Tkzxgmbgt xf 29 vhf 507 fbe utkkbl wbt. Vhfh t Oxgxsnxet x h Xjntwhk vhglhfxf ihnvh ixmkjexh x xqihkmtf t ftbhk itkmx wx lnt ikhwnxth, xexl ytsxf itkmx wt HIXI. T Oxgxsnxet kxzblmkhn nft jnxwt tvxgmntwt gt ikhwnxth tijl 2015 hgwx ikhwnsbn 2,5 fbealxl wx utkkbl wbt , vtbgwh xf 2016 itkt 2,2 fbealxl, xf 2017 itkt 2 fbealxl, xf 2018 itkt 1,4 fbealxl x xf 2019 itkt 877 fbe, ihk ytemt wx bgoxlmbfxgmhl. Gt ikhwnxth wx zrl gtmnkte, xf 2018, t Tkzxgmbgt ikhwnsbn 1,524 uvy ubealxl wx izl vqubvhl , h Fzqbvh 999, t Oxgxsnxet 946, Uktlbe 877, Uhedobt 617, Ixkn 451, Vhekfubt 379. H Uktlbe z h lxzngwh ftbhk xqihkmtwhk fngwbte wx fbgzkbh wx yxkkh, ihllnb 98 wtl kxlxkotl vhgaxvbwtl wx gbjubh gh fngwh x z nf whl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx utnqbmt, ftgztgal x xlmtgah, tezf wx mxk ikhwnxlxl vhglbwxkroxbl wx vhukx, hnkh x gdjnxe. H Vabex vhgmkbunb vhf vxkvt wx nf mxkxh wt ikhwnxth fngwbte wx vhukx. Xf 2018, h Ixkn xkt h lxzngwh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx iktmt x vhukx wh fngwh x h lxqmh ikhwnmhk wx hnkh hl 3 fxmtbl jnx ftbl zxktf otehk , uxf vhfh xkt h mxkvxbkh ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx sbgvh x xlmtgah x h jntkmh wx vanfuh. T Uhedobt z h jnbgmh ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx xlmtgah, h lzmbfh ikhwnmhk wx iktmt x h hbmtoh ikhwnmhk wx sbgvh wh fngwh. H Fzqbvh z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk wx iktmt wh fngwh, kxikxlxgmtgwh jntlx 23 wt ikhwnxth fngwbte, ikhwnsbgwh ftbl wx 200 fbealxl wx hgxtl xf 2019. Mtfuzf ihllnb bfihkmtgmxl vhukx x sbgvh x ikhwns nft jntgmbwtwx lbzgbybvtmbot wx hnkh. Tvxkvt wtl ixwktl ikxvbhltl, h Uktlbe z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte wx tfxmblmt, mhirsbh, rztmt x z nf whl ikbgvbitbl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl wx mnkftebgt, xlfxktewt, rznt ftkbgat, zktgtwt x hitet. Mtfuzf ar ikhwnxth vhglbwxkroxe wx tfxmblmt gh Nknzntb x gt Uhedobt. Gt ikhwnxth wx xlfxktewt, t Vhekfubt z h ftbhk ikhwnmhk fngwbte. T Znbtgt z nf zktgwx ikhwnmhk wx wbtftgmx.

Jfunuzilgu xu ygjlymu jynlifyclu gyrcwuhu JYGYR hi Aifzi xi Garcwi. U wuyu, wigi vumy ywihlgcwu xy mivlypcpbhwcu, a jluncwuxu hu Ugalcwu migyhny jil ymjulmim alojim chxeayhum yg pcu xy chnyaluyui. U jymwu, ufag xy uncpcxuxy ywihlgcwu xy pufil lyacihuf julu nixim im juemym koy ujlymyhnug yrnyhmmym fcnilthyum, nyg ymjywcuf cgjilnthwcu julu i Jylo, gucil yrjilnuxil xy jymwuxi xu Ugalcwu Funchu, ygvilu i Wbcfy mydu i gucil jlixonil. I yrnluncpcmgi pyaynuf ujulywy mygjly wigi uncpcxuxy wigjfygyhnul xu ualcwofnolu y xu jywoslcu, gylywyhxi xymnukoy u yrnluyui xi fsnyr xu mylchaoyclu, yg nixu u Zfilymnu Ugutlhcwu Vlumcf, Wiflgvcu, Jylo y Vifepcu xi koyvluwbi, hi Juhnuhuf Ulayhnchu, Juluaouc y Vlumcf xy guxyclu, yg koumy nixu u Ugalcwu Wyhnluf, Vlumcf y Wbcfy y uchxu xy vuvuyo y wulhurvu, hi Vlumcf. I yrnluncpcmgi gchyluf nyg wihmcxylspyf cgjilnthwcu yg jluncwugyhny nixim im juemym funchi-ugylcwuhim, uchxu koy gocnum pytym u yrjfiluyui mydu lyufctuxu aluyum u wujcnucm ymnluhayclim. Hu yrnluyui xi jynlkfyi, jimmoyg aluhxy xymnukoy Garcwi, Pyhytoyfu, Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu, Wiflgvcu y Ykouxil. I Vlumcf a i myaohxi jlixonil gohxcuf xy zylli i Wbcfy, i Jylo, myhxi i Wbcfy i gucil jlixonil xi gohxi i Vlumcf a og xim wchwi gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy guhauhbm, ufag xy aluhxy jlixonil xy ymnuhbi, gchalci xi kouf u Vifepcu a aluhxy yrjilnuxilu. U Ugalcwu Funchu xymnuwu-my uchxu jil mou jlixoyui xy wbogvi Jylo y Garcwi , hekoyf Wovu , jlunu Garcwi y Jylo , tchwi Jylo , vuorcnu Vlumcf y Pyhytoyfu y jfunchu Wiflgvcu . U Ugalcwu Funchu, koy chwfoc ymmyhwcufgyhny juemym movxymyhpifpcxim, xy guhyclu ayluf a jiowi chxomnlcufctuxu, zcwuhxi mou ywihigcu movilxchuxu r ualijywoslcu y r gchyluyui. Gymgi wig ymmu xyjyhxbhwcu ualewifu, u gucil julny xy moum nyllum a wofncpuxu xy zilgu yrnyhmcpu y jimmoc og lyxotcxi JCV jyl wujcnu. Yg gocnim juemym, u uncpcxuxy ualewifu uchxu my xymyhpifpy myaohxi im gifxym xi jyleixi wifihcuf aluhxym jlijlcyxuxym, jylnyhwyhnym u jiowum zugefcum, wodu jlixoyui my xymnchu koumy chnyalufgyhny ui gylwuxi yrnylhi. Xypcxi jlchwcjufgyhny r wihwyhnluyui xum nyllum gucm zalnycm hum guim xy jiowim jlijlcynslcim y ui aluhxy hrgyli xy ualcwofnilym myg nyllum julu wofncpul, molaclug hymmum slyum gocnim wihzfcnim zohxcslcim, i koy ilcachio jlidynim xy lyzilgu ualslcu koy pcmug r xcmnlcvocyui gucm caoufcnslcu xu nyllu, yg juemym wigi Garcwi, Vifepcu, Wbcfy, Jylo y Wovu. Wbokocwugunu, u gucil gchu u wao uvylni xi gohxi, jlkrcgu r wcxuxy xy Wufugu, hi Wbcfy. Wifbycnuxyclu yg ogu jfuhnuyui xy ullit yg Muhnu Wunulchu. I Vlumcf a i nylwycli gucil yrjilnuxil xy jlixonim ualewifum xi gohxi. Yg nixim im juemym xu Ugalcwu Funchu a jimmepyf cxyhnczcwul vumcwugyhny xicm ncjim xy ualcwofnolu u xy movmcmnbhwcu, jluncwuxu wig i omi xy nawhcwum jlcgcncpum, y u xy wulsnyl wigylwcuf, yg ayluf gihiwofnolum lyufctuxum yg aluhxym yrnyhmmym xy nyllu y, wig zlykobhwcu, xyjyhxyhnym xy chpymncgyhnim ymnluhayclim. Wigi yrygjfim wuluwnylemncwim xymmy mcmnygu, jixygim wcnul i wuza, lymjihmspyf jil ogu julny movmnuhwcuf xum lyhxum xy yrjilnuyui xu Wiflgvcu, Wimnu Lcwu, Aounygufu y Yf Mufpuxil, y u vuhuhu, wig caouf cgjilnthwcu julu i Juhugs y Bihxolum, ufag xy ionlim jlixonim xy gyhil yrjlymmui. U jywoslcu, uncpcxuxy xy aluhxy xymnukoy hu Ugalcwu Funchu, a jluncwuxu yg nixim im juemym, uchxu koy xy zilgum xczylyhnym. U jywoslcu yrnyhmcpu a lyufctuxu yg aluhxym jlijlcyxuxym y myg i ygjlyai xy nawhcwum ymjywcucm ds hu chnyhmcpu, oncfctug-my nawhcwum xy myfyyui xi jfuhnci, cmni a, uhcgucm xy viu luyu, y wofncpug-my jumnuayhm. Im lyvuhbim gucm hogylimim hu Ugalcwu funchu, jyfu ilxyg, mui im xy vipchim, moehim y ipchim. Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu y Garcwi mui im juemym koy jimmoyg u gucil kouhncxuxy xy wuvyyum xy auxi. Mcahczcwuncpu julny xi xymyhpifpcgyhni xu ualijywoslcu xy ufaohm juemym, ymjywcufgyhny Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu y Oloaouc, xypy-my rm wiijyluncpum ualijywoslcum xymmym juemym, ilauhctuxum u julncl xi chewci xi Mawofi RR. Bidy yfum xynag mcahczcwu julwyfu xu ywihigcu ualijywoslcu y mui lymjihmspycm jyfu ilauhctuyui xu jlixoyui, jyfu ulgutyhuayg, jliwymmugyhni y wigylwcufctuyui xy gocnim jlixonim, ymjywcufgyhny fycny, moehim, upym, midu, gcfbi, nlcai, ullit y ufaixui, yhnly ionlim. Um wiijyluncpum pifnuxum r jlixoyui xy aluim, u julncl xu xawuxu xy 1970, jummulug u chpymncl hi jliwymmugyhni xu jlixoyui, chcwcufgyhny hi ymguaugyhni xu midu julu jlixoyui xy kfyi xyaiguxi, xyjicm hi myo lyzchi y, gucm nulxy, hu jlixoyui xy jlixonim xymnchuxim ui pulydi, wigi kfyi wigymnepyf, gulaulchum, gucihymym y ionlim. Um wiijyluncpum nugvag chpymnclug jymuxugyhny hu ilauhctuyui xu jlixoyui xy upym y moehim, hi myo jliwymmugyhni y wigylwcufctuyui him gylwuxim chnylhi y yrnylhi. U wihmykobhwcu xymmu unouyui zic u ugjfcuyui xu jlixoyui, i yhlckoywcgyhni xum wigohcxuxym xi chnylcil y u ualyauyui xy pufil r jlixoyui. I gucm cgjilnuhny xy noxi, hi yhnuhni, a koy ymmu unouyui xum wiijyluncpum jlijcwcio u wihnehou y wlymwyhny fcvylnuyui xim ualcwofnilym ummiwcuxim xi doai xu chnylgyxcuyui hu wigylwcufctuyui xu jlixoyui. Ygvilu i mcmnygu wiijyluncpcmnu nyhbu pcpyhwcuxi, nugvag, wlcmym xy pslcum wiijyluncpum yg pslcim ymnuxim, jil lutmym um gucm xcpylmum, im vyhyzewcim xum wiijyluncpum mivlypcpyhny mui chzchcnugyhny gucilym xi koy im jlivfygum koy unlupymmulug. Hi Vlumcf, um wiijyluncpum ualijywoslcum ymnui gucm jlymyhnym him ymnuxim xi Lci Aluhxy xi Mof, Muhnu Wunulchu, Juluhs, Mui Juofi, Guni Alimmi, Guni Alimmi xi Mof y Aicsm, koy mui um jlchwcjucm lyacmym ualewifum. Jfuhnuyui xy midu hi Guni Alimmi. Yg 2020, i Vlumcf ylu i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf, wig 130 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot gynuxy xu midu xi gohxi. Mui Juofi. Yg 2018, i Vlumcf ylu i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf, wig 746 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot gucm xu gynuxy xu wuhu-xy-uyrwul xi gohxi. Mui Juofi. Yg 2018, i Vlumcf ylu i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf, wig 17 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot 30 xum fuluhdum xi gohxi. Wuza yg Gchum Aylucm. Yg 2018, i Vlumcf ylu i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf, wig 3,5 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot gynuxy xi wuza xi gohxi. Gcfbi yg Xioluxim. Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu y Garcwi ymnui yhnly im 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm Jfuhnuyui xy opum hu Ulayhnchu. U Ulayhnchu y i Wbcfy ymnui yhnly im 10 gucilym jlixonilym xy opum y pchbi xi gohxi, y i Vlumcf ymns yhnly im 20 gucilym Uvuwurc yg Pyluwlot, Garcwi. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot 35 xi uvuwurc gohxcuf Wlcuyui xy mufgui hi Wbcfy. Og nylyi xy nixi i mufgui pyhxcxi hi gohxi pyg xi juem Wugchbui xy ogu ygjlymu xy wulhym hi Vlumcf. U Ugalcwu Funchu jlixot 25 xu wulhy vipchu y xy zluhai xi gohxi Gchu xy ugyncmnu yg Ugyncmnu xi Mof. U Ugalcwu Funchu a og aluhxy jlixonil xy aygum wigi ugyncmnu, nijstci, ymgylufxu, saou-gulchbu y nolgufchu. Im kounli juemym wig u gucil ualcwofnolu hu Ugalcwu xi Mof mui Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu, Wbcfy y Wiflgvcu I Vlumcf a i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy wuhu-xy-uyrwul, midu, wuza, fuluhdu, aouluhs, uyue y wumnuhbu xi juls a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym xy gcfbi, gugui, nuvuwi, uvuwurc, vuhuhu, ufaixui, zycdui, wiwi, gyfuhwcu y fcgui y a og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuwuo, wudo, uvuwuny, wukoc, guhau, aicuvu, nuhaylchu, ullit, milai y niguny. Nugvag ymns yhnly im 15 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy opu, guyu, gyfui, ugyhxicg, zcai, jbmmyai, wyvifu, villuwbu hunoluf y utycny xy xyhxb U Ulayhnchu a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy midu, gcfbi, aclummif, fcgui y jblu, og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wypuxu, opu, ufwuwbizlu, nuvuwi y ufaixui y og xim 15 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy nlcai, wuhu-xy-uyrwul, milai y niluhdu I Wbcfy a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wylydu y wluhvylls y og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy opu, guyu, ecqc, jbmmyai, ugycru y upyfu, wig ziwi hu yrjilnuyui xy zlonum xy ufni pufil U Wiflgvcu a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuza, uvuwuny y kfyi xy jufgu, y og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuhu-xy-uyrwul, vuhuhu, uvuwurc y wuwuo Jylo a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym xy uvuwuny, gclncfi, ufwuwbizlu y umjulaim, og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuza y wuwuo, og xim 15 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy vununum y uvuwurc, y nugvag nyg ogu jlixoyui mcahczcwuncpu xy opu, wuhu-xy-uyrwul, ullit, vuhuhu, gcfbi y guhxciwu mou ualcwofnolu a hinupyfgyhny xcpylmczcwuxu U ualcwofnolu xi Juluaouc ymns yg xymyhpifpcgyhni, myhxi unoufgyhny i myrni gucil jlixonil xy midu xi gohxi y yhnluhxi hu fcmnu xim 20 gucilym jlixonilym xy gcfbi y wuhu xi uyrwul. Hu Ugalcwu Wyhnluf, xymnuwug-my Aounygufu, og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuza, wuhu-xy-uyrwul, gyfui y villuwbu hunoluf, y og xim 15 gucilym jlixonilym xy vuhuhu y kfyi xy jufgu hi gohxi Bihxolum, koy a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym xy wuza xi gohxi y og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym xy kfyi xy jufgu Wimnu Lcwu, koy a i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy uvuwurc Lyjrvfcwu Xigchcwuhu, koy a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy gugui y uvuwuny, y og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym xy wuwuo. I Garcwi a i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy uvuwuny, og xim wchwi jlchwcjucm jlixonilym gohxcucm xy jcgyhnu, fcgui, fuluhdu, guhau, gugui, giluhai, niluhdu, uvkvilu y umjulaim, y og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy wuhu-xy-uyrwul, gcfbi, milai, zycdui, niguny, wiwi, uvuwurc, gyfui y gclncfi. I Vlumcf a i gucil yrjilnuxil gohxcuf xy wulhy xy zluhai 3,77 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum yg 2019. I juem a xihi xi myaohxi lyvuhbi xi gucil lyvuhbi vipchi xi gohxi, 22,2 xi lyvuhbi gohxcuf. I juem zic i myaohxi gucil jlixonil xy wulhy vipchu yg 2019, lymjihmspyf jil 15,4 xu jlixoyui gohxcuf. Zic nugvag i nylwycli gucil jlixonil xy fycny xi gohxi yg 2018. Ymny uhi i juem jlixotco 35,1 vcfbmym xy fcnlim. Yg 2019, i Vlumcf ylu i 4 gucil jlixonil xy wulhy xy jilwi xi gohxi, wig koumy 4 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum. Yg 2018, u Ulayhnchu ylu i koulni gucil jlixonil xy wulhy vipchu xi gohxi, wig ogu jlixoyui xy 3 gcfbmym xy nihyfuxum unlsm ujyhum xim Ymnuxim Ohcxim, Vlumcf y Wbchu . I Oloaouc nugvag a og aluhxy jlixonil xy wulhy vipchu. Yg 2018, jlixotco 589 gcf nihyfuxum. Hu jlixoyui xy wulhy xy zluhai, i Garcwi ymns yhnly im 10 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi, u Ulayhnchu yhnly im 15 gucilym y Jylo y Wiflgvcu yhnly im 20 gucilym. Hu jlixoyui xy wulhy vipchu, i Garcwi a og xim 10 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi y u Wiflgvcu og xim 20 gucilym jlixonilym. Hu jlixoyui xy moehim, i Garcwi ymns yhnly im 15 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi. Hu jlixoyui xy gyf, u Ulayhnchu ymns yhnly im 5 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi, i Garcwi yhnly im 10 gucilym y i Vlumcf yhnly im 15 gucilym. Yg nylgim xy jlixoyui xy fycny xy puwu, i Garcwi ymns yhnly im 15 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi y u Ulayhnchu yhnly im 20. Hu jlixoyui xy jynlkfyi, i Vlumcf zic i 10 gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy jynlkfyi yg 2019, wig 2,8 gcfbmym xy vullcm xcu. I Garcwi zic i 12 gucil jlixonil, wig 2,1 gcfbmym xy vullcm xcu. U Wiflgvcu pchbu yg 22 foaul wig 886 gcf vullcm xcu, u Pyhytoyfu yg 23 foaul wig 877 gcf vullcm xcu, i Ykouxil yg 28 wig 531 gcf vullcm xcu y u Ulayhnchu yg 29 wig 507 gcf vullcm xcu. Wigi u Pyhytoyfu y i Ykouxil wihmigyg jiowi jynlkfyi y yrjilnug u gucil julny xy mou jlixoyui, yfym zutyg julny xu IJYJ. U Pyhytoyfu lyacmnlio ogu koyxu uwyhnouxu hu jlixoyui ujkm 2015 ihxy jlixotco 2,5 gcfbmym xy vullcm xcu , wuchxi yg 2016 julu 2,2 gcfbmym, yg 2017 julu 2 gcfbmym, yg 2018 julu 1,4 gcfbmym y yg 2019 julu 877 gcf, jil zufnu xy chpymncgyhnim. Hu jlixoyui xy asm hunoluf, yg 2018, u Ulayhnchu jlixotco 1,524 vwz vcfbmym xy jam wrvcwim , i Garcwi 999, u Pyhytoyfu 946, Vlumcf 877, Vifepcu 617, Jylo 451, Wiflgvcu 379. I Vlumcf a i myaohxi gucil yrjilnuxil gohxcuf xy gchalci xy zylli, jimmoc 98 xum lymylpum wihbywcxum xy hckvci hi gohxi y a og xim 5 gucilym jlixonilym gohxcucm xy vuorcnu, guhauhbm y ymnuhbi, ufag xy nyl jlixoymym wihmcxylspycm xy wivly, ioli y hekoyf. I Wbcfy wihnlcvoc wig wylwu xy og nylyi xu jlixoyui gohxcuf xy wivly. Yg 2018, i Jylo ylu i myaohxi gucil jlixonil xy jlunu y wivly xi gohxi y i myrni jlixonil xy ioli im 3 gynucm koy gucm aylug pufil , vyg wigi ylu i nylwycli gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy tchwi y ymnuhbi y i koulni xy wbogvi. U Vifepcu a i kochni gucil jlixonil xy ymnuhbi, i mancgi jlixonil xy jlunu y i icnupi jlixonil xy tchwi xi gohxi. I Garcwi a i gucil jlixonil xy jlunu xi gohxi, lyjlymyhnuhxi koumy 23 xu jlixoyui gohxcuf, jlixotchxi gucm xy 200 gcfbmym xy ihyum yg 2019. Nugvag jimmoc cgjilnuhnym wivly y tchwi y jlixot ogu kouhncxuxy mcahczcwuncpu xy ioli. Uwylwu xum jyxlum jlywcimum, i Vlumcf a i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf xy ugyncmnu, nijstci, saunu y a og xim jlchwcjucm jlixonilym gohxcucm xy nolgufchu, ymgylufxu, saou gulchbu, aluhuxu y ijufu. Nugvag bs jlixoyui wihmcxylspyf xy ugyncmnu hi Oloaouc y hu Vifepcu. Hu jlixoyui xy ymgylufxu, u Wiflgvcu a i gucil jlixonil gohxcuf. U Aocuhu a og aluhxy jlixonil xy xcuguhny.

Kgvovajmhv yv zhkmznv kzomjgzdmv hzsdxviv KZHZS ij Bjgaj yj Hbsdxj. V xvzv, xjhj wvnz zxjimhdxv yz njwmzqdqcixdv, b kmvodxvyv iv Vhbmdxv njhzioz kjm znkvmnjn bmpkjn diyfbzivn zh qdv yz diozbmvzvj. V kznxv, vgbh yz vodqdyvyz zxjimhdxv yz qvgjm mzbdjivg kvmv ojyjn jn kvfnzn lpz vkmznziovh zsozinnzn gdojmuizvn, ozh znkzxdvg dhkjmouixdv kvmv j Kzmp, hvdjm zskjmovyjm yz kznxvyj yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, zhwjmv j Xcdgz nzev j hvdjm kmjypojm. J zsomvodqdnhj qzbzovg vkvmzxz nzhkmz xjhj vodqdyvyz xjhkgzhziovm yv vbmdxpgopmv z yv kzxptmdv, hzmzxziyj yznovlpz v zsomvzvj yj gtozs yv nzmdibpzdmv, zh ojyv v Agjmznov Vhvumidxv Wmvndg, Xjgmhwdv, Kzmp z Wjgfqdv yj lpzwmvxcj, ij Kviovivg Vmbziodiv, Kvmvbpvd z Wmvndg yz hvyzdmv, zh lpvnz ojyv v Vhbmdxv Xziomvg, Wmvndg z Xcdgz z vdiyv yz wvwvzp z xvmivswv, ij Wmvndg. J zsomvodqdnhj hdizmvg ozh xjindyzmtqzg dhkjmouixdv zh kmvodxvhzioz ojyjn jn kvfnzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn, vdiyv lpz hpdovn qzuzn v zskgjmvzvj nzev mzvgduvyv bmvzvn v xvkdovdn znomvibzdmjn. Iv zsomvzvj yj kzomlgzj, kjnnpzh bmviyz yznovlpz Hbsdxj, Qzizupzgv, Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv, Xjgmhwdv z Zlpvyjm. J Wmvndg b j nzbpiyj kmjypojm hpiydvg yz azmmj j Xcdgz, j Kzmp, nziyj j Xcdgz j hvdjm kmjypojm yj hpiyj j Wmvndg b ph yjn xdixj hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz hvibvicn, vgbh yz bmviyz kmjypojm yz znovicj, hdibmdj yj lpvg v Wjgfqdv b bmviyz zskjmovyjmv. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv yznovxv-nz vdiyv kjm npv kmjypzvj yz xcphwj Kzmp z Hbsdxj , iflpzg Xpwv , kmvov Hbsdxj z Kzmp , udixj Kzmp , wvpsdov Wmvndg z Qzizupzgv z kgvodiv Xjgmhwdv . V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, lpz dixgpd znnzixdvghzioz kvfnzn npwyznziqjgqdyjn, yz hvizdmv bzmvg b kjpxj diypnomdvgduvyv, adxviyj npv zxjijhdv npwjmydivyv s vbmjkzxptmdv z s hdizmvzvj. Hznhj xjh znnv yzkziycixdv vbmfxjgv, v hvdjm kvmoz yz npvn ozmmvn b xpgodqvyv yz ajmhv zsozindqv z kjnnpd ph mzypudyj KDW kzm xvkdov. Zh hpdojn kvfnzn, v vodqdyvyz vbmfxjgv vdiyv nz yznziqjgqz nzbpiyj jn hjgyzn yj kzmfjyj xjgjidvg bmviyzn kmjkmdzyvyzn, kzmozixziozn v kjpxvn avhfgdvn, xpev kmjypzvj nz yznodiv lpvnz diozbmvghzioz vj hzmxvyj zsozmij. Yzqdyj kmdixdkvghzioz s xjixziomvzvj yvn ozmmvn hvdn abmozdn ivn hvjn yz kjpxjn kmjkmdzotmdjn z vj bmviyz ishzmj yz vbmdxpgojmzn nzh ozmmvn kvmv xpgodqvm, npmbdmvh iznnvn tmzvn hpdojn xjiagdojn apiydtmdjn, j lpz jmdbdijp kmjezojn yz mzajmhv vbmtmdv lpz qdnvh s ydnomdwpdzvj hvdn dbpvgdotmdv yv ozmmv, zh kvfnzn xjhj Hbsdxj, Wjgfqdv, Xcdgz, Kzmp z Xpwv. Xcplpdxvhvov, v hvdjm hdiv v xbp vwzmoj yj hpiyj, kmlsdhv s xdyvyz yz Xvgvhv, ij Xcdgz. Xjgczdovyzdmv zh phv kgviovzvj yz vmmju zh Nviov Xvovmdiv. J Wmvndg b j ozmxzdmj hvdjm zskjmovyjm yz kmjypojn vbmfxjgvn yj hpiyj. Zh ojyjn jn kvfnzn yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv b kjnnfqzg dyziodadxvm wvndxvhzioz yjdn odkjn yz vbmdxpgopmv v yz npwndnocixdv, kmvodxvyv xjh j pnj yz obxidxvn kmdhdodqvn, z v yz xvmtozm xjhzmxdvg, zh bzmvg hjijxpgopmvn mzvgduvyvn zh bmviyzn zsozinnzn yz ozmmv z, xjh amzlpcixdv, yzkziyziozn yz diqznodhziojn znomvibzdmjn. Xjhj zszhkgjn xvmvxozmfnodxjn yznnz ndnozhv, kjyzhjn xdovm j xvab, mznkjintqzg kjm phv kvmoz npwnovixdvg yvn mziyvn yz zskjmovzvj yv Xjgmhwdv, Xjnov Mdxv, Bpvozhvgv z Zg Nvgqvyjm, z v wviviv, xjh dbpvg dhkjmouixdv kvmv j Kvivht z Cjiypmvn, vgbh yz jpomjn kmjypojn yz hzijm zskmznnvj. V kzxptmdv, vodqdyvyz yz bmviyz yznovlpz iv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, b kmvodxvyv zh ojyjn jn kvfnzn, vdiyv lpz yz ajmhvn ydazmziozn. V kzxptmdv zsozindqv b mzvgduvyv zh bmviyzn kmjkmdzyvyzn z nzh j zhkmzbj yz obxidxvn znkzxdvdn et iv diozindqv, podgduvh-nz obxidxvn yz nzgzzvj yj kgviodj, dnoj b, vidhvdn yz wjv mvzv, z xpgodqvh-nz kvnovbzin. Jn mzwvicjn hvdn iphzmjnjn iv Vhbmdxv gvodiv, kzgv jmyzh, nvj jn yz wjqdijn, npfijn z jqdijn. Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv z Hbsdxj nvj jn kvfnzn lpz kjnnpzh v hvdjm lpviodyvyz yz xvwzzvn yz bvyj. Ndbidadxvodqv kvmoz yj yznziqjgqdhzioj yv vbmjkzxptmdv yz vgbpin kvfnzn, znkzxdvghzioz Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv z Pmpbpvd, yzqz-nz sn xjjkzmvodqvn vbmjkzxptmdvn yznnzn kvfnzn, jmbviduvyvn v kvmodm yj difxdj yj Nbxpgj SS. Cjez zgvn yzobh ndbidadxv kvmxzgv yv zxjijhdv vbmjkzxptmdv z nvj mznkjintqzdn kzgv jmbviduvzvj yv kmjypzvj, kzgv vmhvuzivbzh, kmjxznnvhzioj z xjhzmxdvgduvzvj yz hpdojn kmjypojn, znkzxdvghzioz gzdoz, npfijn, vqzn, njev, hdgcj, omdbj, vmmju z vgbjyvj, ziomz jpomjn. Vn xjjkzmvodqvn qjgovyvn s kmjypzvj yz bmvjn, v kvmodm yv ybxvyv yz 1970, kvnnvmvh v diqznodm ij kmjxznnvhzioj yv kmjypzvj, didxdvghzioz ij znhvbvhzioj yv njev kvmv kmjypzvj yz lgzj yzbjhvyj, yzkjdn ij nzp mzadij z, hvdn ovmyz, iv kmjypzvj yz kmjypojn yznodivyjn vj qvmzej, xjhj lgzj xjhznofqzg, hvmbvmdivn, hvdjiznzn z jpomjn. Vn xjjkzmvodqvn ovhwbh diqznodmvh kznvyvhzioz iv jmbviduvzvj yv kmjypzvj yz vqzn z npfijn, ij nzp kmjxznnvhzioj z xjhzmxdvgduvzvj ijn hzmxvyjn diozmij z zsozmij. V xjinzlpcixdv yznnv vopvzvj ajd v vhkgdvzvj yv kmjypzvj, j zimdlpzxdhzioj yvn xjhpidyvyzn yj diozmdjm z v vbmzbvzvj yz qvgjm s kmjypzvj. J hvdn dhkjmovioz yz opyj, ij ziovioj, b lpz znnv vopvzvj yvn xjjkzmvodqvn kmjkdxdjp v xjiofipv z xmznxzioz gdwzmovzvj yjn vbmdxpgojmzn vnnjxdvyjn yj epbj yv diozmhzydvzvj iv xjhzmxdvgduvzvj yv kmjypzvj. Zhwjmv j ndnozhv xjjkzmvodqdnov ozicv qdqzixdvyj, ovhwbh, xmdnzn yz qtmdvn xjjkzmvodqvn zh qtmdjn znovyjn, kjm mvunzn vn hvdn ydqzmnvn, jn wzizafxdjn yvn xjjkzmvodqvn njwmzqdqzioz nvj diadidovhzioz hvdjmzn yj lpz jn kmjwgzhvn lpz vomvqznnvmvh. Ij Wmvndg, vn xjjkzmvodqvn vbmjkzxptmdvn znovj hvdn kmznziozn ijn znovyjn yj Mdj Bmviyz yj Npg, Nviov Xvovmdiv, Kvmvit, Nvj Kvpgj, Hvoj Bmjnnj, Hvoj Bmjnnj yj Npg z Bjdtn, lpz nvj vn kmdixdkvdn mzbdnzn vbmfxjgvn. Kgviovzvj yz njev ij Hvoj Bmjnnj. Zh 2020, j Wmvndg zmv j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg, xjh 130 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu hzovyz yv njev yj hpiyj. Nvj Kvpgj. Zh 2018, j Wmvndg zmv j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg, xjh 746 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu hvdn yv hzovyz yv xviv-yz-vzsxvm yj hpiyj. Nvj Kvpgj. Zh 2018, j Wmvndg zmv j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg, xjh 17 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu 30 yvn gvmvievn yj hpiyj. Xvab zh Hdivn Bzmvdn. Zh 2018, j Wmvndg zmv j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg, xjh 3,5 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu hzovyz yj xvab yj hpiyj. Hdgcj zh Yjpmvyjn. Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv z Hbsdxj znovj ziomz jn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn Kgviovzvj yz pqvn iv Vmbziodiv. V Vmbziodiv z j Xcdgz znovj ziomz jn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz pqvn z qdicj yj hpiyj, z j Wmvndg znot ziomz jn 20 hvdjmzn Vwvxvsd zh Qzmvxmpu, Hbsdxj. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu 35 yj vwvxvsd hpiydvg Xmdvzvj yz nvghvj ij Xcdgz. Ph ozmzj yz ojyj j nvghvj qziydyj ij hpiyj qzh yj kvfn Xvhdicvj yz phv zhkmznv yz xvmizn ij Wmvndg. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv kmjypu 25 yv xvmiz wjqdiv z yz amvibj yj hpiyj Hdiv yz vhzodnov zh Vhzodnov yj Npg. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv b ph bmviyz kmjypojm yz bzhvn xjhj vhzodnov, ojktudj, znhzmvgyv, tbpv-hvmdicv z opmhvgdiv. Jn lpvomj kvfnzn xjh v hvdjm vbmdxpgopmv iv Vhbmdxv yj Npg nvj Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv, Xcdgz z Xjgmhwdv J Wmvndg b j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz xviv-yz-vzsxvm, njev, xvab, gvmviev, bpvmvit, vzvf z xvnovicv yj kvmt b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz hdgcj, hvhvj, ovwvxj, vwvxvsd, wviviv, vgbjyvj, azdevj, xjxj, hzgvixdv z gdhvj z b ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xvxvp, xvep, vwvxvoz, xvlpd, hvibv, bjdvwv, ovibzmdiv, vmmju, njmbj z ojhvoz. Ovhwbh znot ziomz jn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz pqv, hvzv, hzgvj, vhziyjdh, adbj, kcnnzbj, xzwjgv, wjmmvxcv ivopmvg z vuzdoz yz yziyc V Vmbziodiv b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz njev, hdgcj, bdmvnnjg, gdhvj z kcmv, ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xzqvyv, pqv, vgxvxcjamv, ovwvxj z vgbjyvj z ph yjn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz omdbj, xviv-yz-vzsxvm, njmbj z ojmviev J Xcdgz b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xzmzev z xmviwzmmt z ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz pqv, hvzv, fdrd, kcnnzbj, vhzdsv z vqzgv, xjh ajxj iv zskjmovzvj yz ampovn yz vgoj qvgjm V Xjgmhwdv b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xvab, vwvxvoz z lgzj yz kvghv, z ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xviv-yz-vzsxvm, wviviv, vwvxvsd z xvxvp Kzmp b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz vwvxvoz, hdmodgj, vgxvxcjamv z vnkvmbjn, ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xvab z xvxvp, ph yjn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz wvovovn z vwvxvsd, z ovhwbh ozh phv kmjypzvj ndbidadxvodqv yz pqv, xviv-yz-vzsxvm, vmmju, wviviv, hdgcj z hviydjxv npv vbmdxpgopmv b ijovqzghzioz ydqzmndadxvyv V vbmdxpgopmv yj Kvmvbpvd znot zh yznziqjgqdhzioj, nziyj vopvghzioz j nzsoj hvdjm kmjypojm yz njev yj hpiyj z ziomviyj iv gdnov yjn 20 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz hdgcj z xviv yj vzsxvm. Iv Vhbmdxv Xziomvg, yznovxvh-nz Bpvozhvgv, ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xvab, xviv-yz-vzsxvm, hzgvj z wjmmvxcv ivopmvg, z ph yjn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz wviviv z lgzj yz kvghv ij hpiyj Cjiypmvn, lpz b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz xvab yj hpiyj z ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz lgzj yz kvghv Xjnov Mdxv, lpz b j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz vwvxvsd Mzkswgdxv Yjhdidxviv, lpz b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz hvhvj z vwvxvoz, z ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yz xvxvp. J Hbsdxj b j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz vwvxvoz, ph yjn xdixj kmdixdkvdn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz kdhziov, gdhvj, gvmviev, hvibv, hvhvj, hjmvibj, ojmviev, vwlwjmv z vnkvmbjn, z ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz xviv-yz-vzsxvm, hdgcj, njmbj, azdevj, ojhvoz, xjxj, vwvxvsd, hzgvj z hdmodgj. J Wmvndg b j hvdjm zskjmovyjm hpiydvg yz xvmiz yz amvibj 3,77 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn zh 2019. J kvfn b yjij yj nzbpiyj mzwvicj yj hvdjm mzwvicj wjqdij yj hpiyj, 22,2 yj mzwvicj hpiydvg. J kvfn ajd j nzbpiyj hvdjm kmjypojm yz xvmiz wjqdiv zh 2019, mznkjintqzg kjm 15,4 yv kmjypzvj hpiydvg. Ajd ovhwbh j ozmxzdmj hvdjm kmjypojm yz gzdoz yj hpiyj zh 2018. Znoz vij j kvfn kmjypudp 35,1 wdgcnzn yz gdomjn. Zh 2019, j Wmvndg zmv j 4 hvdjm kmjypojm yz xvmiz yz kjmxj yj hpiyj, xjh lpvnz 4 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn. Zh 2018, v Vmbziodiv zmv j lpvmoj hvdjm kmjypojm yz xvmiz wjqdiv yj hpiyj, xjh phv kmjypzvj yz 3 hdgcnzn yz ojizgvyvn vomtn vkzivn yjn Znovyjn Pidyjn, Wmvndg z Xcdiv . J Pmpbpvd ovhwbh b ph bmviyz kmjypojm yz xvmiz wjqdiv. Zh 2018, kmjypudp 589 hdg ojizgvyvn. Iv kmjypzvj yz xvmiz yz amvibj, j Hbsdxj znot ziomz jn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj, v Vmbziodiv ziomz jn 15 hvdjmzn z Kzmp z Xjgmhwdv ziomz jn 20 hvdjmzn. Iv kmjypzvj yz xvmiz wjqdiv, j Hbsdxj b ph yjn 10 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj z v Xjgmhwdv ph yjn 20 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn. Iv kmjypzvj yz npfijn, j Hbsdxj znot ziomz jn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj. Iv kmjypzvj yz hzg, v Vmbziodiv znot ziomz jn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj, j Hbsdxj ziomz jn 10 hvdjmzn z j Wmvndg ziomz jn 15 hvdjmzn. Zh ozmhjn yz kmjypzvj yz gzdoz yz qvxv, j Hbsdxj znot ziomz jn 15 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj z v Vmbziodiv ziomz jn 20. Iv kmjypzvj yz kzomlgzj, j Wmvndg ajd j 10 hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz kzomlgzj zh 2019, xjh 2,8 hdgcnzn yz wvmmdn ydv. J Hbsdxj ajd j 12 hvdjm kmjypojm, xjh 2,1 hdgcnzn yz wvmmdn ydv. V Xjgmhwdv qdicv zh 22 gpbvm xjh 886 hdg wvmmdn ydv, v Qzizupzgv zh 23 gpbvm xjh 877 hdg wvmmdn ydv, j Zlpvyjm zh 28 xjh 531 hdg wvmmdn ydv z v Vmbziodiv zh 29 xjh 507 hdg wvmmdn ydv. Xjhj v Qzizupzgv z j Zlpvyjm xjinjhzh kjpxj kzomlgzj z zskjmovh v hvdjm kvmoz yz npv kmjypzvj, zgzn avuzh kvmoz yv JKZK. V Qzizupzgv mzbdnomjp phv lpzyv vxziopvyv iv kmjypzvj vkln 2015 jiyz kmjypudp 2,5 hdgcnzn yz wvmmdn ydv , xvdiyj zh 2016 kvmv 2,2 hdgcnzn, zh 2017 kvmv 2 hdgcnzn, zh 2018 kvmv 1,4 hdgcnzn z zh 2019 kvmv 877 hdg, kjm avgov yz diqznodhziojn. Iv kmjypzvj yz btn ivopmvg, zh 2018, v Vmbziodiv kmjypudp 1,524 wxa wdgcnzn yz kbn xswdxjn , j Hbsdxj 999, v Qzizupzgv 946, Wmvndg 877, Wjgfqdv 617, Kzmp 451, Xjgmhwdv 379. J Wmvndg b j nzbpiyj hvdjm zskjmovyjm hpiydvg yz hdibmdj yz azmmj, kjnnpd 98 yvn mznzmqvn xjiczxdyvn yz idlwdj ij hpiyj z b ph yjn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz wvpsdov, hvibvicn z znovicj, vgbh yz ozm kmjypznzn xjindyzmtqzdn yz xjwmz, jpmj z iflpzg. J Xcdgz xjiomdwpd xjh xzmxv yz ph ozmzj yv kmjypzvj hpiydvg yz xjwmz. Zh 2018, j Kzmp zmv j nzbpiyj hvdjm kmjypojm yz kmvov z xjwmz yj hpiyj z j nzsoj kmjypojm yz jpmj jn 3 hzovdn lpz hvdn bzmvh qvgjm , wzh xjhj zmv j ozmxzdmj hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz udixj z znovicj z j lpvmoj yz xcphwj. V Wjgfqdv b j lpdioj hvdjm kmjypojm yz znovicj, j nbodhj kmjypojm yz kmvov z j jdovqj kmjypojm yz udixj yj hpiyj. J Hbsdxj b j hvdjm kmjypojm yz kmvov yj hpiyj, mzkmznzioviyj lpvnz 23 yv kmjypzvj hpiydvg, kmjypudiyj hvdn yz 200 hdgcnzn yz jizvn zh 2019. Ovhwbh kjnnpd dhkjmoviozn xjwmz z udixj z kmjypu phv lpviodyvyz ndbidadxvodqv yz jpmj. Vxzmxv yvn kzymvn kmzxdjnvn, j Wmvndg b j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg yz vhzodnov, ojktudj, tbvov z b ph yjn kmdixdkvdn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn yz opmhvgdiv, znhzmvgyv, tbpv hvmdicv, bmvivyv z jkvgv. Ovhwbh ct kmjypzvj xjindyzmtqzg yz vhzodnov ij Pmpbpvd z iv Wjgfqdv. Iv kmjypzvj yz znhzmvgyv, v Xjgmhwdv b j hvdjm kmjypojm hpiydvg. V Bpdviv b ph bmviyz kmjypojm yz ydvhvioz.

Lhwpwbkniw zw ailnaow lapnkhaenw iateywjw LAIAT jk Ckhbk zk Icteyk. W ywaw, ykik xwoa aykjnieyw za okxnarerdjyew, c lnwpeywzw jw Wicneyw okiajpa lkn aolwnoko cnqlko ejzgcajwo ai rew za ejpacnwawk. W laoyw, whci za wperezwza aykjnieyw za rwhkn nacekjwh lwnw pkzko ko lwgoao mqa wlnaoajpwi atpajooao hepknvjawo, pai aolayewh eilknpvjyew lwnw k Lanq, iwekn atlknpwzkn za laoywzk zw Wicneyw Hwpejw, aixknw k Ydeha oafw k iwekn lnkzqpkn. K atpnwpereoik racapwh wlwnaya oailna ykik wperezwza ykilhaiajpwn zw wcneyqhpqnw a zw layqunew, ianayajzk zaopwmqa w atpnwawk zk hupat zw oanejcqaenw, ai pkzw w Bhknaopw Wiwvnjeyw Xnwoeh, Ykhnixew, Lanq a Xkhgrew zk mqaxnwydk, jk Lwjpwjwh Wncajpejw, Lwnwcqwe a Xnwoeh za iwzaenw, ai mqwoa pkzw w Wicneyw Yajpnwh, Xnwoeh a Ydeha a wejzw za xwxwaq a ywnjwtxw, jk Xnwoeh. K atpnwpereoik iejanwh pai ykjoezanurah eilknpvjyew ai lnwpeywiajpa pkzko ko lwgoao hwpejk-wianeywjko, wejzw mqa iqepwo ravao w atlhknwawk oafw nawhevwzw cnwawo w ywlepweo aopnwjcaenko. Jw atpnwawk zk lapnmhak, lkooqai cnwjza zaopwmqa Icteyk, Rajavqahw, Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw, Ykhnixew a Amqwzkn. K Xnwoeh c k oacqjzk lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za bannk k Ydeha, k Lanq, oajzk k Ydeha k iwekn lnkzqpkn zk iqjzk k Xnwoeh c qi zko yejyk iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za iwjcwjdo, whci za cnwjza lnkzqpkn za aopwjdk, iejcnek zk mqwh w Xkhgrew c cnwjza atlknpwzknw. W Wicneyw Hwpejw zaopwyw-oa wejzw lkn oqw lnkzqawk za ydqixk Lanq a Icteyk , jgmqah Yqxw , lnwpw Icteyk a Lanq , vejyk Lanq , xwqtepw Xnwoeh a Rajavqahw a lhwpejw Ykhnixew . W Wicneyw Hwpejw, mqa ejyhqe aooajyewhiajpa lwgoao oqxzaoajrkhrezko, za iwjaenw canwh c lkqyk ejzqopnewhevwzw, beywjzk oqw aykjkiew oqxknzejwzw t wcnklayqunew a t iejanwawk. Iaoik yki aoow zalajzdjyew wcngykhw, w iwekn lwnpa za oqwo pannwo c yqhperwzw za bkniw atpajoerw a lkooqe qi nazqvezk LEX lan ywlepw. Ai iqepko lwgoao, w wperezwza wcngykhw wejzw oa zaoajrkhra oacqjzk ko ikhzao zk langkzk ykhkjewh cnwjzao lnklneazwzao, lanpajyajpao w lkqywo bwighewo, yqfw lnkzqawk oa zaopejw mqwoa ejpacnwhiajpa wk ianywzk atpanjk. Zarezk lnejyelwhiajpa t ykjyajpnwawk zwo pannwo iweo bcnpaeo jwo iwko za lkqyko lnklneapuneko a wk cnwjza jtiank za wcneyqhpknao oai pannwo lwnw yqhperwn, oqncenwi jaoowo unawo iqepko ykjbhepko bqjzeuneko, k mqa knecejkq lnkfapko za nabkniw wcnunew mqa reowi t zeopnexqeawk iweo ecqwhepunew zw pannw, ai lwgoao ykik Icteyk, Xkhgrew, Ydeha, Lanq a Yqxw. Ydqmqeywiwpw, w iwekn iejw w ycq wxanpk zk iqjzk, lnmteiw t yezwza za Ywhwiw, jk Ydeha. Ykhdaepwzaenw ai qiw lhwjpwawk za wnnkv ai Owjpw Ywpwnejw. K Xnwoeh c k panyaenk iwekn atlknpwzkn za lnkzqpko wcngykhwo zk iqjzk. Ai pkzko ko lwgoao zw Wicneyw Hwpejw c lkoograh ezajpebeywn xwoeywiajpa zkeo pelko za wcneyqhpqnw w za oqxoeopdjyew, lnwpeywzw yki k qok za pcyjeywo lneieperwo, a w za ywnupan ykianyewh, ai canwh ikjkyqhpqnwo nawhevwzwo ai cnwjzao atpajooao za pannw a, yki bnamqdjyew, zalajzajpao za ejraopeiajpko aopnwjcaenko. Ykik atailhko ywnwypangopeyko zaooa oeopaiw, lkzaiko yepwn k ywbc, naolkjourah lkn qiw lwnpa oqxopwjyewh zwo najzwo za atlknpwawk zw Ykhnixew, Ykopw Neyw, Cqwpaiwhw a Ah Owhrwzkn, a w xwjwjw, yki ecqwh eilknpvjyew lwnw k Lwjwiu a Dkjzqnwo, whci za kqpnko lnkzqpko za iajkn atlnaoowk. W layqunew, wperezwza za cnwjza zaopwmqa jw Wicneyw Hwpejw, c lnwpeywzw ai pkzko ko lwgoao, wejzw mqa za bkniwo zebanajpao. W layqunew atpajoerw c nawhevwzw ai cnwjzao lnklneazwzao a oai k ailnack za pcyjeywo aolayeweo fu jw ejpajoerw, qpehevwi-oa pcyjeywo za oahaawk zk lhwjpek, eopk c, wjeiweo za xkw nwaw, a yqhperwi-oa lwopwcajo. Ko naxwjdko iweo jqiankoko jw Wicneyw hwpejw, lahw knzai, owk ko za xkrejko, oqgjko a krejko. Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw a Icteyk owk ko lwgoao mqa lkooqai w iwekn mqwjpezwza za ywxaawo za cwzk. Oecjebeywperw lwnpa zk zaoajrkhreiajpk zw wcnklayqunew za whcqjo lwgoao, aolayewhiajpa Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw a Qnqcqwe, zara-oa to ykklanwperwo wcnklayqunewo zaooao lwgoao, kncwjevwzwo w lwnpen zk ejgyek zk Ocyqhk TT. Dkfa ahwo zapci oecjebeyw lwnyahw zw aykjkiew wcnklayqunew a owk naolkjouraeo lahw kncwjevwawk zw lnkzqawk, lahw wniwvajwcai, lnkyaoowiajpk a ykianyewhevwawk za iqepko lnkzqpko, aolayewhiajpa haepa, oqgjko, wrao, okfw, iehdk, pneck, wnnkv a whckzwk, ajpna kqpnko. Wo ykklanwperwo rkhpwzwo t lnkzqawk za cnwko, w lwnpen zw zcywzw za 1970, lwoownwi w ejraopen jk lnkyaoowiajpk zw lnkzqawk, ejeyewhiajpa jk aoiwcwiajpk zw okfw lwnw lnkzqawk za mhak zackiwzk, zalkeo jk oaq nabejk a, iweo pwnza, jw lnkzqawk za lnkzqpko zaopejwzko wk rwnafk, ykik mhak ykiaopgrah, iwncwnejwo, iwekjaoao a kqpnko. Wo ykklanwperwo pwixci ejraopenwi laowzwiajpa jw kncwjevwawk zw lnkzqawk za wrao a oqgjko, jk oaq lnkyaoowiajpk a ykianyewhevwawk jko ianywzko ejpanjk a atpanjk. W ykjoamqdjyew zaoow wpqwawk bke w wilhewawk zw lnkzqawk, k ajnemqayeiajpk zwo ykiqjezwzao zk ejpanekn a w wcnacwawk za rwhkn t lnkzqawk. K iweo eilknpwjpa za pqzk, jk ajpwjpk, c mqa aoow wpqwawk zwo ykklanwperwo lnkleyekq w ykjpgjqw a ynaoyajpa hexanpwawk zko wcneyqhpknao wookyewzko zk fqck zw ejpaniazewawk jw ykianyewhevwawk zw lnkzqawk. Aixknw k oeopaiw ykklanwpereopw pajdw rerajyewzk, pwixci, yneoao za runewo ykklanwperwo ai runeko aopwzko, lkn nwvoao wo iweo zeranowo, ko xajabgyeko zwo ykklanwperwo okxnarerajpa owk ejbejepwiajpa iweknao zk mqa ko lnkxhaiwo mqa wpnwraoownwi. Jk Xnwoeh, wo ykklanwperwo wcnklayqunewo aopwk iweo lnaoajpao jko aopwzko zk Nek Cnwjza zk Oqh, Owjpw Ywpwnejw, Lwnwju, Owk Lwqhk, Iwpk Cnkook, Iwpk Cnkook zk Oqh a Ckeuo, mqa owk wo lnejyelweo naceoao wcngykhwo. Lhwjpwawk za okfw jk Iwpk Cnkook. Ai 2020, k Xnwoeh anw k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh, yki 130 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv iapwza zw okfw zk iqjzk. Owk Lwqhk. Ai 2018, k Xnwoeh anw k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh, yki 746 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv iweo zw iapwza zw ywjw-za-watywn zk iqjzk. Owk Lwqhk. Ai 2018, k Xnwoeh anw k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh, yki 17 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv 30 zwo hwnwjfwo zk iqjzk. Ywbc ai Iejwo Canweo. Ai 2018, k Xnwoeh anw k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh, yki 3,5 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv iapwza zk ywbc zk iqjzk. Iehdk ai Zkqnwzko. Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw a Icteyk aopwk ajpna ko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo Lhwjpwawk za qrwo jw Wncajpejw. W Wncajpejw a k Ydeha aopwk ajpna ko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao za qrwo a rejdk zk iqjzk, a k Xnwoeh aopu ajpna ko 20 iweknao Wxwywte ai Ranwynqv, Icteyk. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv 35 zk wxwywte iqjzewh Ynewawk za owhiwk jk Ydeha. Qi panak za pkzk k owhiwk rajzezk jk iqjzk rai zk lwgo Ywiejdwk za qiw ailnaow za ywnjao jk Xnwoeh. W Wicneyw Hwpejw lnkzqv 25 zw ywnja xkrejw a za bnwjck zk iqjzk Iejw za wiapeopw ai Wiapeopw zk Oqh. W Wicneyw Hwpejw c qi cnwjza lnkzqpkn za caiwo ykik wiapeopw, pkluvek, aoianwhzw, ucqw-iwnejdw a pqniwhejw. Ko mqwpnk lwgoao yki w iwekn wcneyqhpqnw jw Wicneyw zk Oqh owk Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw, Ydeha a Ykhnixew K Xnwoeh c k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za ywjw-za-watywn, okfw, ywbc, hwnwjfw, cqwnwju, wawg a ywopwjdw zk lwnu c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao za iehdk, iwiwk, pwxwyk, wxwywte, xwjwjw, whckzwk, baefwk, ykyk, iahwjyew a heiwk a c qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywywq, ywfq, wxwywpa, ywmqe, iwjcw, ckewxw, pwjcanejw, wnnkv, oknck a pkiwpa. Pwixci aopu ajpna ko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za qrw, iwaw, iahwk, wiajzkei, beck, ldooack, yaxkhw, xknnwydw jwpqnwh a wvaepa za zajzd W Wncajpejw c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za okfw, iehdk, cenwookh, heiwk a ldnw, qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za yarwzw, qrw, whywydkbnw, pwxwyk a whckzwk a qi zko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za pneck, ywjw-za-watywn, oknck a pknwjfw K Ydeha c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za yanafw a ynwjxannu a qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za qrw, iwaw, gese, ldooack, wiaetw a wrahw, yki bkyk jw atlknpwawk za bnqpwo za whpk rwhkn W Ykhnixew c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywbc, wxwywpa a mhak za lwhiw, a qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywjw-za-watywn, xwjwjw, wxwywte a ywywq Lanq c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao za wxwywpa, ienpehk, whywydkbnw a wolwncko, qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywbc a ywywq, qi zko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za xwpwpwo a wxwywte, a pwixci pai qiw lnkzqawk oecjebeywperw za qrw, ywjw-za-watywn, wnnkv, xwjwjw, iehdk a iwjzekyw oqw wcneyqhpqnw c jkpwrahiajpa zeranoebeywzw W wcneyqhpqnw zk Lwnwcqwe aopu ai zaoajrkhreiajpk, oajzk wpqwhiajpa k oatpk iwekn lnkzqpkn za okfw zk iqjzk a ajpnwjzk jw heopw zko 20 iweknao lnkzqpknao za iehdk a ywjw zk watywn. Jw Wicneyw Yajpnwh, zaopwywi-oa Cqwpaiwhw, qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywbc, ywjw-za-watywn, iahwk a xknnwydw jwpqnwh, a qi zko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao za xwjwjw a mhak za lwhiw jk iqjzk Dkjzqnwo, mqa c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao za ywbc zk iqjzk a qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao za mhak za lwhiw Ykopw Neyw, mqa c k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za wxwywte Naltxheyw Zkiejeywjw, mqa c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za iwiwk a wxwywpa, a qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao za ywywq. K Icteyk c k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za wxwywpa, qi zko yejyk lnejyelweo lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za leiajpw, heiwk, hwnwjfw, iwjcw, iwiwk, iknwjck, pknwjfw, wxmxknw a wolwncko, a qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za ywjw-za-watywn, iehdk, oknck, baefwk, pkiwpa, ykyk, wxwywte, iahwk a ienpehk. K Xnwoeh c k iwekn atlknpwzkn iqjzewh za ywnja za bnwjck 3,77 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo ai 2019. K lwgo c zkjk zk oacqjzk naxwjdk zk iwekn naxwjdk xkrejk zk iqjzk, 22,2 zk naxwjdk iqjzewh. K lwgo bke k oacqjzk iwekn lnkzqpkn za ywnja xkrejw ai 2019, naolkjourah lkn 15,4 zw lnkzqawk iqjzewh. Bke pwixci k panyaenk iwekn lnkzqpkn za haepa zk iqjzk ai 2018. Aopa wjk k lwgo lnkzqveq 35,1 xehdoao za hepnko. Ai 2019, k Xnwoeh anw k 4 iwekn lnkzqpkn za ywnja za lknyk zk iqjzk, yki mqwoa 4 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo. Ai 2018, w Wncajpejw anw k mqwnpk iwekn lnkzqpkn za ywnja xkrejw zk iqjzk, yki qiw lnkzqawk za 3 iehdoao za pkjahwzwo wpnuo wlajwo zko Aopwzko Qjezko, Xnwoeh a Ydejw . K Qnqcqwe pwixci c qi cnwjza lnkzqpkn za ywnja xkrejw. Ai 2018, lnkzqveq 589 ieh pkjahwzwo. Jw lnkzqawk za ywnja za bnwjck, k Icteyk aopu ajpna ko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk, w Wncajpejw ajpna ko 15 iweknao a Lanq a Ykhnixew ajpna ko 20 iweknao. Jw lnkzqawk za ywnja xkrejw, k Icteyk c qi zko 10 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk a w Ykhnixew qi zko 20 iweknao lnkzqpknao. Jw lnkzqawk za oqgjko, k Icteyk aopu ajpna ko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk. Jw lnkzqawk za iah, w Wncajpejw aopu ajpna ko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk, k Icteyk ajpna ko 10 iweknao a k Xnwoeh ajpna ko 15 iweknao. Ai paniko za lnkzqawk za haepa za rwyw, k Icteyk aopu ajpna ko 15 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk a w Wncajpejw ajpna ko 20. Jw lnkzqawk za lapnmhak, k Xnwoeh bke k 10 iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za lapnmhak ai 2019, yki 2,8 iehdoao za xwnneo zew. K Icteyk bke k 12 iwekn lnkzqpkn, yki 2,1 iehdoao za xwnneo zew. W Ykhnixew rejdw ai 22 hqcwn yki 886 ieh xwnneo zew, w Rajavqahw ai 23 hqcwn yki 877 ieh xwnneo zew, k Amqwzkn ai 28 yki 531 ieh xwnneo zew a w Wncajpejw ai 29 yki 507 ieh xwnneo zew. Ykik w Rajavqahw a k Amqwzkn ykjokiai lkqyk lapnmhak a atlknpwi w iwekn lwnpa za oqw lnkzqawk, ahao bwvai lwnpa zw KLAL. W Rajavqahw naceopnkq qiw mqazw wyajpqwzw jw lnkzqawk wlmo 2015 kjza lnkzqveq 2,5 iehdoao za xwnneo zew , ywejzk ai 2016 lwnw 2,2 iehdoao, ai 2017 lwnw 2 iehdoao, ai 2018 lwnw 1,4 iehdoao a ai 2019 lwnw 877 ieh, lkn bwhpw za ejraopeiajpko. Jw lnkzqawk za cuo jwpqnwh, ai 2018, w Wncajpejw lnkzqveq 1,524 xyb xehdoao za lco ytxeyko , k Icteyk 999, w Rajavqahw 946, Xnwoeh 877, Xkhgrew 617, Lanq 451, Ykhnixew 379. K Xnwoeh c k oacqjzk iwekn atlknpwzkn iqjzewh za iejcnek za bannk, lkooqe 98 zwo naoanrwo ykjdayezwo za jemxek jk iqjzk a c qi zko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za xwqtepw, iwjcwjdo a aopwjdk, whci za pan lnkzqaoao ykjoezanuraeo za ykxna, kqnk a jgmqah. K Ydeha ykjpnexqe yki yanyw za qi panak zw lnkzqawk iqjzewh za ykxna. Ai 2018, k Lanq anw k oacqjzk iwekn lnkzqpkn za lnwpw a ykxna zk iqjzk a k oatpk lnkzqpkn za kqnk ko 3 iapweo mqa iweo canwi rwhkn , xai ykik anw k panyaenk iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za vejyk a aopwjdk a k mqwnpk za ydqixk. W Xkhgrew c k mqejpk iwekn lnkzqpkn za aopwjdk, k ocpeik lnkzqpkn za lnwpw a k kepwrk lnkzqpkn za vejyk zk iqjzk. K Icteyk c k iwekn lnkzqpkn za lnwpw zk iqjzk, nalnaoajpwjzk mqwoa 23 zw lnkzqawk iqjzewh, lnkzqvejzk iweo za 200 iehdoao za kjawo ai 2019. Pwixci lkooqe eilknpwjpao ykxna a vejyk a lnkzqv qiw mqwjpezwza oecjebeywperw za kqnk. Wyanyw zwo laznwo lnayekowo, k Xnwoeh c k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh za wiapeopw, pkluvek, ucwpw a c qi zko lnejyelweo lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo za pqniwhejw, aoianwhzw, ucqw iwnejdw, cnwjwzw a klwhw. Pwixci du lnkzqawk ykjoezanurah za wiapeopw jk Qnqcqwe a jw Xkhgrew. Jw lnkzqawk za aoianwhzw, w Ykhnixew c k iwekn lnkzqpkn iqjzewh. W Cqewjw c qi cnwjza lnkzqpkn za zewiwjpa.

Mixqxclojx ax bjmobpx mbqolibfox jbufzxkx MBJBU kl Dlicl al Jdufzl. X zxbx, zljl yxpb bzlkojfzx ab plyobsfsekzfx, d moxqfzxax kx Xjdofzx pljbkqb mlo bpmxoplp dormlp fkahdbkxp bj sfx ab fkqbdoxbxl. X mbpzx, xidj ab xqfsfaxab bzlkojfzx ab sxilo obdflkxi mxox qlalp lp mxhpbp nrb xmobpbkqxj buqbkppbp ifqlowkbxp, qbj bpmbzfxi fjmloqwkzfx mxox l Mbor, jxflo bumloqxalo ab mbpzxal ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, bjylox l Zefib pbgx l jxflo molarqlo. L buqoxqfsfpjl sbdbqxi xmxobzb pbjmob zljl xqfsfaxab zljmibjbkqxo ax xdofzriqrox b ax mbzrvofx, jbobzbkal abpqxnrb x buqoxbxl al ivqbu ax pbofkdrbfox, bj qlax x Cilobpqx Xjxwokfzx Yoxpfi, Zliojyfx, Mbor b Ylihsfx al nrbyoxzel, kl Mxkqxkxi Xodbkqfkx, Mxoxdrxf b Yoxpfi ab jxabfox, bj nrxpb qlax x Xjdofzx Zbkqoxi, Yoxpfi b Zefib b xfkax ab yxyxbr b zxokxuyx, kl Yoxpfi. L buqoxqfsfpjl jfkboxi qbj zlkpfabovsbi fjmloqwkzfx bj moxqfzxjbkqb qlalp lp mxhpbp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp, xfkax nrb jrfqxp sbwbp x bumiloxbxl pbgx obxifwxax doxbxp x zxmfqxfp bpqoxkdbfolp. Kx buqoxbxl al mbqonibl, mlpprbj doxkab abpqxnrb Jdufzl, Sbkbwrbix, Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx, Zliojyfx b Bnrxalo. L Yoxpfi d l pbdrkal molarqlo jrkafxi ab cbool l Zefib, l Mbor, pbkal l Zefib l jxflo molarqlo al jrkal l Yoxpfi d rj alp zfkzl jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab jxkdxkep, xidj ab doxkab molarqlo ab bpqxkel, jfkdofl al nrxi x Ylihsfx d doxkab bumloqxalox. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx abpqxzx-pb xfkax mlo prx molarbxl ab zerjyl Mbor b Jdufzl , khnrbi Zryx , moxqx Jdufzl b Mbor , wfkzl Mbor , yxrufqx Yoxpfi b Sbkbwrbix b mixqfkx Zliojyfx . X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, nrb fkzirf bppbkzfxijbkqb mxhpbp pryabpbkslisfalp, ab jxkbfox dboxi d mlrzl fkarpqofxifwxax, cfzxkal prx bzlkljfx pryloafkxax u xdolmbzrvofx b u jfkboxbxl. Jbpjl zlj bppx abmbkaekzfx xdohzlix, x jxflo mxoqb ab prxp qbooxp d zriqfsxax ab clojx buqbkpfsx b mlpprf rj obarwfal MFY mbo zxmfqx. Bj jrfqlp mxhpbp, x xqfsfaxab xdohzlix xfkax pb abpbkslisb pbdrkal lp jliabp al mbohlal zlilkfxi doxkabp molmofbaxabp, mboqbkzbkqbp x mlrzxp cxjhifxp, zrgx molarbxl pb abpqfkx nrxpb fkqbdoxijbkqb xl jbozxal buqbokl. Absfal mofkzfmxijbkqb u zlkzbkqoxbxl axp qbooxp jxfp cdoqbfp kxp jxlp ab mlrzlp molmofbqvoflp b xl doxkab kujbol ab xdofzriqlobp pbj qbooxp mxox zriqfsxo, prodfoxj kbppxp vobxp jrfqlp zlkcifqlp crkafvoflp, l nrb lofdfklr molgbqlp ab obclojx xdovofx nrb sfpxj u afpqofyrfbxl jxfp fdrxifqvofx ax qboox, bj mxhpbp zljl Jdufzl, Ylihsfx, Zefib, Mbor b Zryx. Zernrfzxjxqx, x jxflo jfkx x zdr xyboql al jrkal, monufjx u zfaxab ab Zxixjx, kl Zefib. Zliebfqxabfox bj rjx mixkqxbxl ab xoolw bj Pxkqx Zxqxofkx. L Yoxpfi d l qbozbfol jxflo bumloqxalo ab molarqlp xdohzlixp al jrkal. Bj qlalp lp mxhpbp ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx d mlpphsbi fabkqfcfzxo yxpfzxjbkqb alfp qfmlp ab xdofzriqrox x ab prypfpqekzfx, moxqfzxax zlj l rpl ab qdzkfzxp mofjfqfsxp, b x ab zxovqbo zljbozfxi, bj dboxi jlklzriqroxp obxifwxaxp bj doxkabp buqbkppbp ab qboox b, zlj cobnrekzfx, abmbkabkqbp ab fksbpqfjbkqlp bpqoxkdbfolp. Zljl bubjmilp zxoxzqbohpqfzlp abppb pfpqbjx, mlabjlp zfqxo l zxcd, obpmlkpvsbi mlo rjx mxoqb prypqxkzfxi axp obkaxp ab bumloqxbxl ax Zliojyfx, Zlpqx Ofzx, Drxqbjxix b Bi Pxisxalo, b x yxkxkx, zlj fdrxi fjmloqwkzfx mxox l Mxkxjv b Elkaroxp, xidj ab lrqolp molarqlp ab jbklo bumobppxl. X mbzrvofx, xqfsfaxab ab doxkab abpqxnrb kx Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, d moxqfzxax bj qlalp lp mxhpbp, xfkax nrb ab clojxp afcbobkqbp. X mbzrvofx buqbkpfsx d obxifwxax bj doxkabp molmofbaxabp b pbj l bjmobdl ab qdzkfzxp bpmbzfxfp gv kx fkqbkpfsx, rqfifwxj-pb qdzkfzxp ab pbibbxl al mixkqfl, fpql d, xkfjxfp ab ylx oxbx, b zriqfsxj-pb mxpqxdbkp. Lp obyxkelp jxfp krjbolplp kx Xjdofzx ixqfkx, mbix loabj, pxl lp ab ylsfklp, prhklp b lsfklp. Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx b Jdufzl pxl lp mxhpbp nrb mlpprbj x jxflo nrxkqfaxab ab zxybbxp ab dxal. Pfdkfcfzxqfsx mxoqb al abpbkslisfjbkql ax xdolmbzrvofx ab xidrkp mxhpbp, bpmbzfxijbkqb Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx b Rordrxf, absb-pb up zllmboxqfsxp xdolmbzrvofxp abppbp mxhpbp, lodxkfwxaxp x mxoqfo al fkhzfl al Pdzril UU. Elgb bixp abqdj pfdkfcfzx mxozbix ax bzlkljfx xdolmbzrvofx b pxl obpmlkpvsbfp mbix lodxkfwxbxl ax molarbxl, mbix xojxwbkxdbj, molzbppxjbkql b zljbozfxifwxbxl ab jrfqlp molarqlp, bpmbzfxijbkqb ibfqb, prhklp, xsbp, plgx, jfiel, qofdl, xoolw b xidlaxl, bkqob lrqolp. Xp zllmboxqfsxp sliqxaxp u molarbxl ab doxlp, x mxoqfo ax adzxax ab 1970, mxppxoxj x fksbpqfo kl molzbppxjbkql ax molarbxl, fkfzfxijbkqb kl bpjxdxjbkql ax plgx mxox molarbxl ab nibl abdljxal, abmlfp kl pbr obcfkl b, jxfp qxoab, kx molarbxl ab molarqlp abpqfkxalp xl sxobgl, zljl nibl zljbpqhsbi, jxodxofkxp, jxflkbpbp b lrqolp. Xp zllmboxqfsxp qxjydj fksbpqfoxj mbpxaxjbkqb kx lodxkfwxbxl ax molarbxl ab xsbp b prhklp, kl pbr molzbppxjbkql b zljbozfxifwxbxl klp jbozxalp fkqbokl b buqbokl. X zlkpbnrekzfx abppx xqrxbxl clf x xjmifxbxl ax molarbxl, l bkofnrbzfjbkql axp zljrkfaxabp al fkqboflo b x xdobdxbxl ab sxilo u molarbxl. L jxfp fjmloqxkqb ab qral, kl bkqxkql, d nrb bppx xqrxbxl axp zllmboxqfsxp molmfzflr x zlkqhkrx b zobpzbkqb ifyboqxbxl alp xdofzriqlobp xpplzfxalp al grdl ax fkqbojbafxbxl kx zljbozfxifwxbxl ax molarbxl. Bjylox l pfpqbjx zllmboxqfsfpqx qbkex sfsbkzfxal, qxjydj, zofpbp ab svofxp zllmboxqfsxp bj svoflp bpqxalp, mlo oxwpbp xp jxfp afsbopxp, lp ybkbchzflp axp zllmboxqfsxp plyobsfsbkqb pxl fkcfkfqxjbkqb jxflobp al nrb lp molyibjxp nrb xqoxsbppxoxj. Kl Yoxpfi, xp zllmboxqfsxp xdolmbzrvofxp bpqxl jxfp mobpbkqbp klp bpqxalp al Ofl Doxkab al Pri, Pxkqx Zxqxofkx, Mxoxkv, Pxl Mxril, Jxql Dolppl, Jxql Dolppl al Pri b Dlfvp, nrb pxl xp mofkzfmxfp obdfpbp xdohzlixp. Mixkqxbxl ab plgx kl Jxql Dolppl. Bj 2020, l Yoxpfi box l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi, zlj 130 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw jbqxab ax plgx al jrkal. Pxl Mxril. Bj 2018, l Yoxpfi box l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi, zlj 746 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw jxfp ax jbqxab ax zxkx-ab-xbuzxo al jrkal. Pxl Mxril. Bj 2018, l Yoxpfi box l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi, zlj 17 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw 30 axp ixoxkgxp al jrkal. Zxcd bj Jfkxp Dboxfp. Bj 2018, l Yoxpfi box l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi, zlj 3,5 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw jbqxab al zxcd al jrkal. Jfiel bj Alroxalp. Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx b Jdufzl bpqxl bkqob lp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp Mixkqxbxl ab rsxp kx Xodbkqfkx. X Xodbkqfkx b l Zefib bpqxl bkqob lp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp ab rsxp b sfkel al jrkal, b l Yoxpfi bpqv bkqob lp 20 jxflobp Xyxzxuf bj Sboxzorw, Jdufzl. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw 35 al xyxzxuf jrkafxi Zofxbxl ab pxijxl kl Zefib. Rj qbobl ab qlal l pxijxl sbkafal kl jrkal sbj al mxhp Zxjfkexl ab rjx bjmobpx ab zxokbp kl Yoxpfi. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx molarw 25 ax zxokb ylsfkx b ab coxkdl al jrkal Jfkx ab xjbqfpqx bj Xjbqfpqx al Pri. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx d rj doxkab molarqlo ab dbjxp zljl xjbqfpqx, qlmvwfl, bpjboxiax, vdrx-jxofkex b qrojxifkx. Lp nrxqol mxhpbp zlj x jxflo xdofzriqrox kx Xjdofzx al Pri pxl Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx, Zefib b Zliojyfx L Yoxpfi d l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, plgx, zxcd, ixoxkgx, drxoxkv, xbxh b zxpqxkex al mxov d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp ab jfiel, jxjxl, qxyxzl, xyxzxuf, yxkxkx, xidlaxl, cbfgxl, zlzl, jbixkzfx b ifjxl b d rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxzxr, zxgr, xyxzxqb, zxnrf, jxkdx, dlfxyx, qxkdbofkx, xoolw, plodl b qljxqb. Qxjydj bpqv bkqob lp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab rsx, jxbx, jbixl, xjbkalfj, cfdl, meppbdl, zbylix, ylooxzex kxqroxi b xwbfqb ab abkae X Xodbkqfkx d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab plgx, jfiel, dfoxppli, ifjxl b meox, rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zbsxax, rsx, xizxzelcox, qxyxzl b xidlaxl b rj alp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab qofdl, zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, plodl b qloxkgx L Zefib d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zbobgx b zoxkyboov b rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab rsx, jxbx, hftf, meppbdl, xjbfux b xsbix, zlj clzl kx bumloqxbxl ab corqxp ab xiql sxilo X Zliojyfx d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxcd, xyxzxqb b nibl ab mxijx, b rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, yxkxkx, xyxzxuf b zxzxr Mbor d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp ab xyxzxqb, jfoqfil, xizxzelcox b xpmxodlp, rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxcd b zxzxr, rj alp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab yxqxqxp b xyxzxuf, b qxjydj qbj rjx molarbxl pfdkfcfzxqfsx ab rsx, zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, xoolw, yxkxkx, jfiel b jxkaflzx prx xdofzriqrox d klqxsbijbkqb afsbopfcfzxax X xdofzriqrox al Mxoxdrxf bpqv bj abpbkslisfjbkql, pbkal xqrxijbkqb l pbuql jxflo molarqlo ab plgx al jrkal b bkqoxkal kx ifpqx alp 20 jxflobp molarqlobp ab jfiel b zxkx al xbuzxo. Kx Xjdofzx Zbkqoxi, abpqxzxj-pb Drxqbjxix, rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxcd, zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, jbixl b ylooxzex kxqroxi, b rj alp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp ab yxkxkx b nibl ab mxijx kl jrkal Elkaroxp, nrb d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp ab zxcd al jrkal b rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp ab nibl ab mxijx Zlpqx Ofzx, nrb d l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab xyxzxuf Obmuyifzx Aljfkfzxkx, nrb d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab jxjxl b xyxzxqb, b rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp ab zxzxr. L Jdufzl d l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab xyxzxqb, rj alp zfkzl mofkzfmxfp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab mfjbkqx, ifjxl, ixoxkgx, jxkdx, jxjxl, jloxkdl, qloxkgx, xynylox b xpmxodlp, b rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab zxkx-ab-xbuzxo, jfiel, plodl, cbfgxl, qljxqb, zlzl, xyxzxuf, jbixl b jfoqfil. L Yoxpfi d l jxflo bumloqxalo jrkafxi ab zxokb ab coxkdl 3,77 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp bj 2019. L mxhp d alkl al pbdrkal obyxkel al jxflo obyxkel ylsfkl al jrkal, 22,2 al obyxkel jrkafxi. L mxhp clf l pbdrkal jxflo molarqlo ab zxokb ylsfkx bj 2019, obpmlkpvsbi mlo 15,4 ax molarbxl jrkafxi. Clf qxjydj l qbozbfol jxflo molarqlo ab ibfqb al jrkal bj 2018. Bpqb xkl l mxhp molarwfr 35,1 yfiepbp ab ifqolp. Bj 2019, l Yoxpfi box l 4 jxflo molarqlo ab zxokb ab mlozl al jrkal, zlj nrxpb 4 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp. Bj 2018, x Xodbkqfkx box l nrxoql jxflo molarqlo ab zxokb ylsfkx al jrkal, zlj rjx molarbxl ab 3 jfiepbp ab qlkbixaxp xqovp xmbkxp alp Bpqxalp Rkfalp, Yoxpfi b Zefkx . L Rordrxf qxjydj d rj doxkab molarqlo ab zxokb ylsfkx. Bj 2018, molarwfr 589 jfi qlkbixaxp. Kx molarbxl ab zxokb ab coxkdl, l Jdufzl bpqv bkqob lp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal, x Xodbkqfkx bkqob lp 15 jxflobp b Mbor b Zliojyfx bkqob lp 20 jxflobp. Kx molarbxl ab zxokb ylsfkx, l Jdufzl d rj alp 10 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal b x Zliojyfx rj alp 20 jxflobp molarqlobp. Kx molarbxl ab prhklp, l Jdufzl bpqv bkqob lp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal. Kx molarbxl ab jbi, x Xodbkqfkx bpqv bkqob lp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal, l Jdufzl bkqob lp 10 jxflobp b l Yoxpfi bkqob lp 15 jxflobp. Bj qbojlp ab molarbxl ab ibfqb ab sxzx, l Jdufzl bpqv bkqob lp 15 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal b x Xodbkqfkx bkqob lp 20. Kx molarbxl ab mbqonibl, l Yoxpfi clf l 10 jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab mbqonibl bj 2019, zlj 2,8 jfiepbp ab yxoofp afx. L Jdufzl clf l 12 jxflo molarqlo, zlj 2,1 jfiepbp ab yxoofp afx. X Zliojyfx sfkex bj 22 irdxo zlj 886 jfi yxoofp afx, x Sbkbwrbix bj 23 irdxo zlj 877 jfi yxoofp afx, l Bnrxalo bj 28 zlj 531 jfi yxoofp afx b x Xodbkqfkx bj 29 zlj 507 jfi yxoofp afx. Zljl x Sbkbwrbix b l Bnrxalo zlkpljbj mlrzl mbqonibl b bumloqxj x jxflo mxoqb ab prx molarbxl, bibp cxwbj mxoqb ax LMBM. X Sbkbwrbix obdfpqolr rjx nrbax xzbkqrxax kx molarbxl xmnp 2015 lkab molarwfr 2,5 jfiepbp ab yxoofp afx , zxfkal bj 2016 mxox 2,2 jfiepbp, bj 2017 mxox 2 jfiepbp, bj 2018 mxox 1,4 jfiepbp b bj 2019 mxox 877 jfi, mlo cxiqx ab fksbpqfjbkqlp. Kx molarbxl ab dvp kxqroxi, bj 2018, x Xodbkqfkx molarwfr 1,524 yzc yfiepbp ab mdp zuyfzlp , l Jdufzl 999, x Sbkbwrbix 946, Yoxpfi 877, Ylihsfx 617, Mbor 451, Zliojyfx 379. L Yoxpfi d l pbdrkal jxflo bumloqxalo jrkafxi ab jfkdofl ab cbool, mlpprf 98 axp obpbosxp zlkebzfaxp ab kfnyfl kl jrkal b d rj alp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab yxrufqx, jxkdxkep b bpqxkel, xidj ab qbo molarbpbp zlkpfabovsbfp ab zlyob, lrol b khnrbi. L Zefib zlkqofyrf zlj zbozx ab rj qbobl ax molarbxl jrkafxi ab zlyob. Bj 2018, l Mbor box l pbdrkal jxflo molarqlo ab moxqx b zlyob al jrkal b l pbuql molarqlo ab lrol lp 3 jbqxfp nrb jxfp dboxj sxilo , ybj zljl box l qbozbfol jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab wfkzl b bpqxkel b l nrxoql ab zerjyl. X Ylihsfx d l nrfkql jxflo molarqlo ab bpqxkel, l pdqfjl molarqlo ab moxqx b l lfqxsl molarqlo ab wfkzl al jrkal. L Jdufzl d l jxflo molarqlo ab moxqx al jrkal, obmobpbkqxkal nrxpb 23 ax molarbxl jrkafxi, molarwfkal jxfp ab 200 jfiepbp ab lkbxp bj 2019. Qxjydj mlpprf fjmloqxkqbp zlyob b wfkzl b molarw rjx nrxkqfaxab pfdkfcfzxqfsx ab lrol. Xzbozx axp mbaoxp mobzflpxp, l Yoxpfi d l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi ab xjbqfpqx, qlmvwfl, vdxqx b d rj alp mofkzfmxfp molarqlobp jrkafxfp ab qrojxifkx, bpjboxiax, vdrx jxofkex, doxkxax b lmxix. Qxjydj ev molarbxl zlkpfabovsbi ab xjbqfpqx kl Rordrxf b kx Ylihsfx. Kx molarbxl ab bpjboxiax, x Zliojyfx d l jxflo molarqlo jrkafxi. X Drfxkx d rj doxkab molarqlo ab afxjxkqb.

Njyrydmpky by cknpcqy ncrpmjcgpy kcvgayly NCKCV lm Emjdm bm Kevgam. Y aycy, amkm zyqc camlpkgay bc qmzpctgtflagy, e npyrgayby ly Ykepgay qmkclrc nmp cqnypqmq epsnmq glbieclyq ck tgy bc glrcepycym. Y ncqay, yjek bc yrgtgbybc camlpkgay bc tyjmp pcegmlyj nypy rmbmq mq nyiqcq osc ynpcqclryk cvrclqqcq jgrmpxlcyq, rck cqncagyj gknmprxlagy nypy m Ncps, kygmp cvnmprybmp bc ncqaybm by Ykepgay Jyrgly, ckzmpy m Afgjc qchy m kygmp npmbsrmp. M cvrpyrgtgqkm tcecryj ynypcac qcknpc amkm yrgtgbybc amknjckclryp by yepgasjrspy c by ncaswpgy, kcpcaclbm bcqryosc y cvrpycym bm jwrcv by qcpglescgpy, ck rmby y Djmpcqry Ykyxplgay Zpyqgj, Amjpkzgy, Ncps c Zmjitgy bm osczpyafm, lm Nylrylyj Ypeclrgly, Nypyesyg c Zpyqgj bc kybcgpy, ck osyqc rmby y Ykepgay Aclrpyj, Zpyqgj c Afgjc c yglby bc zyzycs c ayplyvzy, lm Zpyqgj. M cvrpyrgtgqkm kglcpyj rck amlqgbcpwtcj gknmprxlagy ck npyrgaykclrc rmbmq mq nyiqcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq, yglby osc ksgryq tcxcq y cvnjmpycym qchy pcyjgxyby epycyq y ayngrygq cqrpylecgpmq. Ly cvrpycym bm ncrpojcm, nmqqsck epylbc bcqryosc Kevgam, Tclcxscjy, Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly, Amjpkzgy c Cosybmp. M Zpyqgj e m qceslbm npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc dcppm m Afgjc, m Ncps, qclbm m Afgjc m kygmp npmbsrmp bm kslbm m Zpyqgj e sk bmq aglam kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc kyleylfq, yjek bc epylbc npmbsrmp bc cqrylfm, kglepgm bm osyj y Zmjitgy e epylbc cvnmprybmpy. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly bcqryay-qc yglby nmp qsy npmbscym bc afskzm Ncps c Kevgam , lioscj Aszy , npyry Kevgam c Ncps , xglam Ncps , zysvgry Zpyqgj c Tclcxscjy c njyrgly Amjpkzgy . Y Ykepgay Jyrgly, osc glajsg cqqclagyjkclrc nyiqcq qszbcqcltmjtgbmq, bc kylcgpy ecpyj e nmsam glbsqrpgyjgxyby, dgaylbm qsy camlmkgy qszmpbglyby v yepmncaswpgy c v kglcpycym. Kcqkm amk cqqy bcnclbflagy yepiamjy, y kygmp nyprc bc qsyq rcppyq e asjrgtyby bc dmpky cvrclqgty c nmqqsg sk pcbsxgbm NGZ ncp ayngry. Ck ksgrmq nyiqcq, y yrgtgbybc yepiamjy yglby qc bcqcltmjtc qceslbm mq kmjbcq bm ncpimbm amjmlgyj epylbcq npmnpgcbybcq, ncprclaclrcq y nmsayq dykijgyq, ashy npmbscym qc bcqrgly osyqc glrcepyjkclrc ym kcpaybm cvrcplm. Bctgbm npglagnyjkclrc v amlaclrpycym byq rcppyq kygq deprcgq lyq kymq bc nmsamq npmnpgcrwpgmq c ym epylbc lvkcpm bc yepgasjrmpcq qck rcppyq nypy asjrgtyp, qspegpyk lcqqyq wpcyq ksgrmq amldjgrmq dslbgwpgmq, m osc mpgeglms npmhcrmq bc pcdmpky yepwpgy osc tgqyk v bgqrpgzsgcym kygq gesyjgrwpgy by rcppy, ck nyiqcq amkm Kevgam, Zmjitgy, Afgjc, Ncps c Aszy. Afsosgaykyry, y kygmp kgly y aes yzcprm bm kslbm, npovgky v agbybc bc Ayjyky, lm Afgjc. Amjfcgrybcgpy ck sky njylrycym bc yppmx ck Qylry Ayrypgly. M Zpyqgj e m rcpacgpm kygmp cvnmprybmp bc npmbsrmq yepiamjyq bm kslbm. Ck rmbmq mq nyiqcq by Ykepgay Jyrgly e nmqqitcj gbclrgdgayp zyqgaykclrc bmgq rgnmq bc yepgasjrspy y bc qszqgqrflagy, npyrgayby amk m sqm bc realgayq npgkgrgtyq, c y bc aypwrcp amkcpagyj, ck ecpyj kmlmasjrspyq pcyjgxybyq ck epylbcq cvrclqqcq bc rcppy c, amk dpcosflagy, bcnclbclrcq bc gltcqrgkclrmq cqrpylecgpmq. Amkm cvcknjmq aypyarcpiqrgamq bcqqc qgqrcky, nmbckmq agryp m ayde, pcqnmlqwtcj nmp sky nyprc qszqrylagyj byq pclbyq bc cvnmprycym by Amjpkzgy, Amqry Pgay, Esyrckyjy c Cj Qyjtybmp, c y zylyly, amk gesyj gknmprxlagy nypy m Nylykw c Fmlbspyq, yjek bc msrpmq npmbsrmq bc kclmp cvnpcqqym. Y ncaswpgy, yrgtgbybc bc epylbc bcqryosc ly Ykepgay Jyrgly, e npyrgayby ck rmbmq mq nyiqcq, yglby osc bc dmpkyq bgdcpclrcq. Y ncaswpgy cvrclqgty e pcyjgxyby ck epylbcq npmnpgcbybcq c qck m cknpcem bc realgayq cqncagygq hw ly glrclqgty, srgjgxyk-qc realgayq bc qcjccym bm njylrgm, gqrm e, ylgkygq bc zmy pycy, c asjrgtyk-qc nyqryeclq. Mq pczylfmq kygq lskcpmqmq ly Ykepgay jyrgly, ncjy mpbck, qym mq bc zmtglmq, qsilmq c mtglmq. Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly c Kevgam qym mq nyiqcq osc nmqqsck y kygmp osylrgbybc bc ayzccyq bc eybm. Qgelgdgayrgty nyprc bm bcqcltmjtgkclrm by yepmncaswpgy bc yjeslq nyiqcq, cqncagyjkclrc Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly c Spsesyg, bctc-qc vq ammncpyrgtyq yepmncaswpgyq bcqqcq nyiqcq, mpeylgxybyq y nyprgp bm gliagm bm Qeasjm VV. Fmhc cjyq bcrek qgelgdgay nypacjy by camlmkgy yepmncaswpgy c qym pcqnmlqwtcgq ncjy mpeylgxycym by npmbscym, ncjy ypkyxclyeck, npmacqqykclrm c amkcpagyjgxycym bc ksgrmq npmbsrmq, cqncagyjkclrc jcgrc, qsilmq, ytcq, qmhy, kgjfm, rpgem, yppmx c yjembym, clrpc msrpmq. Yq ammncpyrgtyq tmjrybyq v npmbscym bc epymq, y nyprgp by beayby bc 1970, nyqqypyk y gltcqrgp lm npmacqqykclrm by npmbscym, glgagyjkclrc lm cqkyeykclrm by qmhy nypy npmbscym bc ojcm bcemkybm, bcnmgq lm qcs pcdglm c, kygq rypbc, ly npmbscym bc npmbsrmq bcqrglybmq ym typchm, amkm ojcm amkcqritcj, kypeypglyq, kygmlcqcq c msrpmq. Yq ammncpyrgtyq rykzek gltcqrgpyk ncqybykclrc ly mpeylgxycym by npmbscym bc ytcq c qsilmq, lm qcs npmacqqykclrm c amkcpagyjgxycym lmq kcpaybmq glrcplm c cvrcplm. Y amlqcosflagy bcqqy yrsycym dmg y yknjgycym by npmbscym, m clpgoscagkclrm byq amkslgbybcq bm glrcpgmp c y yepceycym bc tyjmp v npmbscym. M kygq gknmprylrc bc rsbm, lm clrylrm, e osc cqqy yrsycym byq ammncpyrgtyq npmngagms y amlrilsy c apcqaclrc jgzcprycym bmq yepgasjrmpcq yqqmagybmq bm hsem by glrcpkcbgycym ly amkcpagyjgxycym by npmbscym. Ckzmpy m qgqrcky ammncpyrgtgqry rclfy tgtclagybm, rykzek, apgqcq bc twpgyq ammncpyrgtyq ck twpgmq cqrybmq, nmp pyxqcq yq kygq bgtcpqyq, mq zclcdiagmq byq ammncpyrgtyq qmzpctgtclrc qym gldglgrykclrc kygmpcq bm osc mq npmzjckyq osc yrpytcqqypyk. Lm Zpyqgj, yq ammncpyrgtyq yepmncaswpgyq cqrym kygq npcqclrcq lmq cqrybmq bm Pgm Epylbc bm Qsj, Qylry Ayrypgly, Nypylw, Qym Nysjm, Kyrm Epmqqm, Kyrm Epmqqm bm Qsj c Emgwq, osc qym yq npglagnygq pcegqcq yepiamjyq. Njylrycym bc qmhy lm Kyrm Epmqqm. Ck 2020, m Zpyqgj cpy m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj, amk 130 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx kcrybc by qmhy bm kslbm. Qym Nysjm. Ck 2018, m Zpyqgj cpy m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj, amk 746 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx kygq by kcrybc by ayly-bc-ycvayp bm kslbm. Qym Nysjm. Ck 2018, m Zpyqgj cpy m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj, amk 17 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx 30 byq jypylhyq bm kslbm. Ayde ck Kglyq Ecpygq. Ck 2018, m Zpyqgj cpy m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj, amk 3,5 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx kcrybc bm ayde bm kslbm. Kgjfm ck Bmspybmq. Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly c Kevgam cqrym clrpc mq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq Njylrycym bc styq ly Ypeclrgly. Y Ypeclrgly c m Afgjc cqrym clrpc mq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc styq c tglfm bm kslbm, c m Zpyqgj cqrw clrpc mq 20 kygmpcq Yzyayvg ck Tcpyapsx, Kevgam. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx 35 bm yzyayvg kslbgyj Apgycym bc qyjkym lm Afgjc. Sk rcpcm bc rmbm m qyjkym tclbgbm lm kslbm tck bm nyiq Aykglfym bc sky cknpcqy bc ayplcq lm Zpyqgj. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly npmbsx 25 by ayplc zmtgly c bc dpylem bm kslbm Kgly bc ykcrgqry ck Ykcrgqry bm Qsj. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly e sk epylbc npmbsrmp bc eckyq amkm ykcrgqry, rmnwxgm, cqkcpyjby, wesy-kypglfy c rspkyjgly. Mq osyrpm nyiqcq amk y kygmp yepgasjrspy ly Ykepgay bm Qsj qym Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly, Afgjc c Amjpkzgy M Zpyqgj e m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc ayly-bc-ycvayp, qmhy, ayde, jypylhy, esypylw, ycyi c ayqrylfy bm nypw e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc kgjfm, kykym, ryzyam, yzyayvg, zylyly, yjembym, dcghym, amam, kcjylagy c jgkym c e sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayays, ayhs, yzyayrc, ayosg, kyley, emgyzy, rylecpgly, yppmx, qmpem c rmkyrc. Rykzek cqrw clrpc mq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc sty, kycy, kcjym, ykclbmgk, dgem, nfqqcem, aczmjy, zmppyafy lyrspyj c yxcgrc bc bclbf Y Ypeclrgly e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc qmhy, kgjfm, egpyqqmj, jgkym c nfpy, sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc actyby, sty, yjayafmdpy, ryzyam c yjembym c sk bmq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc rpgem, ayly-bc-ycvayp, qmpem c rmpylhy M Afgjc e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc acpchy c apylzcppw c sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc sty, kycy, igug, nfqqcem, ykcgvy c ytcjy, amk dmam ly cvnmprycym bc dpsryq bc yjrm tyjmp Y Amjpkzgy e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayde, yzyayrc c ojcm bc nyjky, c sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayly-bc-ycvayp, zylyly, yzyayvg c ayays Ncps e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc yzyayrc, kgprgjm, yjayafmdpy c yqnypemq, sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayde c ayays, sk bmq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc zyryryq c yzyayvg, c rykzek rck sky npmbscym qgelgdgayrgty bc sty, ayly-bc-ycvayp, yppmx, zylyly, kgjfm c kylbgmay qsy yepgasjrspy e lmrytcjkclrc bgtcpqgdgayby Y yepgasjrspy bm Nypyesyg cqrw ck bcqcltmjtgkclrm, qclbm yrsyjkclrc m qcvrm kygmp npmbsrmp bc qmhy bm kslbm c clrpylbm ly jgqry bmq 20 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc kgjfm c ayly bm ycvayp. Ly Ykepgay Aclrpyj, bcqryayk-qc Esyrckyjy, sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayde, ayly-bc-ycvayp, kcjym c zmppyafy lyrspyj, c sk bmq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc zylyly c ojcm bc nyjky lm kslbm Fmlbspyq, osc e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc ayde bm kslbm c sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc ojcm bc nyjky Amqry Pgay, osc e m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc yzyayvg Pcnvzjgay Bmkglgayly, osc e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc kykym c yzyayrc, c sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bc ayays. M Kevgam e m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc yzyayrc, sk bmq aglam npglagnygq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ngkclry, jgkym, jypylhy, kyley, kykym, kmpylem, rmpylhy, yzozmpy c yqnypemq, c sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc ayly-bc-ycvayp, kgjfm, qmpem, dcghym, rmkyrc, amam, yzyayvg, kcjym c kgprgjm. M Zpyqgj e m kygmp cvnmprybmp kslbgyj bc ayplc bc dpylem 3,77 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq ck 2019. M nyiq e bmlm bm qceslbm pczylfm bm kygmp pczylfm zmtglm bm kslbm, 22,2 bm pczylfm kslbgyj. M nyiq dmg m qceslbm kygmp npmbsrmp bc ayplc zmtgly ck 2019, pcqnmlqwtcj nmp 15,4 by npmbscym kslbgyj. Dmg rykzek m rcpacgpm kygmp npmbsrmp bc jcgrc bm kslbm ck 2018. Cqrc ylm m nyiq npmbsxgs 35,1 zgjfqcq bc jgrpmq. Ck 2019, m Zpyqgj cpy m 4 kygmp npmbsrmp bc ayplc bc nmpam bm kslbm, amk osyqc 4 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq. Ck 2018, y Ypeclrgly cpy m osyprm kygmp npmbsrmp bc ayplc zmtgly bm kslbm, amk sky npmbscym bc 3 kgjfqcq bc rmlcjybyq yrpwq ynclyq bmq Cqrybmq Slgbmq, Zpyqgj c Afgly . M Spsesyg rykzek e sk epylbc npmbsrmp bc ayplc zmtgly. Ck 2018, npmbsxgs 589 kgj rmlcjybyq. Ly npmbscym bc ayplc bc dpylem, m Kevgam cqrw clrpc mq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm, y Ypeclrgly clrpc mq 15 kygmpcq c Ncps c Amjpkzgy clrpc mq 20 kygmpcq. Ly npmbscym bc ayplc zmtgly, m Kevgam e sk bmq 10 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm c y Amjpkzgy sk bmq 20 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq. Ly npmbscym bc qsilmq, m Kevgam cqrw clrpc mq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm. Ly npmbscym bc kcj, y Ypeclrgly cqrw clrpc mq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm, m Kevgam clrpc mq 10 kygmpcq c m Zpyqgj clrpc mq 15 kygmpcq. Ck rcpkmq bc npmbscym bc jcgrc bc tyay, m Kevgam cqrw clrpc mq 15 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm c y Ypeclrgly clrpc mq 20. Ly npmbscym bc ncrpojcm, m Zpyqgj dmg m 10 kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc ncrpojcm ck 2019, amk 2,8 kgjfqcq bc zyppgq bgy. M Kevgam dmg m 12 kygmp npmbsrmp, amk 2,1 kgjfqcq bc zyppgq bgy. Y Amjpkzgy tglfy ck 22 jseyp amk 886 kgj zyppgq bgy, y Tclcxscjy ck 23 jseyp amk 877 kgj zyppgq bgy, m Cosybmp ck 28 amk 531 kgj zyppgq bgy c y Ypeclrgly ck 29 amk 507 kgj zyppgq bgy. Amkm y Tclcxscjy c m Cosybmp amlqmkck nmsam ncrpojcm c cvnmpryk y kygmp nyprc bc qsy npmbscym, cjcq dyxck nyprc by MNCN. Y Tclcxscjy pcegqrpms sky oscby yaclrsyby ly npmbscym ynoq 2015 mlbc npmbsxgs 2,5 kgjfqcq bc zyppgq bgy , ayglbm ck 2016 nypy 2,2 kgjfqcq, ck 2017 nypy 2 kgjfqcq, ck 2018 nypy 1,4 kgjfqcq c ck 2019 nypy 877 kgj, nmp dyjry bc gltcqrgkclrmq. Ly npmbscym bc ewq lyrspyj, ck 2018, y Ypeclrgly npmbsxgs 1,524 zad zgjfqcq bc neq avzgamq , m Kevgam 999, y Tclcxscjy 946, Zpyqgj 877, Zmjitgy 617, Ncps 451, Amjpkzgy 379. M Zpyqgj e m qceslbm kygmp cvnmprybmp kslbgyj bc kglepgm bc dcppm, nmqqsg 98 byq pcqcptyq amlfcagbyq bc lgozgm lm kslbm c e sk bmq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc zysvgry, kyleylfq c cqrylfm, yjek bc rcp npmbscqcq amlqgbcpwtcgq bc amzpc, mspm c lioscj. M Afgjc amlrpgzsg amk acpay bc sk rcpcm by npmbscym kslbgyj bc amzpc. Ck 2018, m Ncps cpy m qceslbm kygmp npmbsrmp bc npyry c amzpc bm kslbm c m qcvrm npmbsrmp bc mspm mq 3 kcrygq osc kygq ecpyk tyjmp , zck amkm cpy m rcpacgpm kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc xglam c cqrylfm c m osyprm bc afskzm. Y Zmjitgy e m osglrm kygmp npmbsrmp bc cqrylfm, m qergkm npmbsrmp bc npyry c m mgrytm npmbsrmp bc xglam bm kslbm. M Kevgam e m kygmp npmbsrmp bc npyry bm kslbm, pcnpcqclrylbm osyqc 23 by npmbscym kslbgyj, npmbsxglbm kygq bc 200 kgjfqcq bc mlcyq ck 2019. Rykzek nmqqsg gknmprylrcq amzpc c xglam c npmbsx sky osylrgbybc qgelgdgayrgty bc mspm. Yacpay byq ncbpyq npcagmqyq, m Zpyqgj e m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj bc ykcrgqry, rmnwxgm, weyry c e sk bmq npglagnygq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq bc rspkyjgly, cqkcpyjby, wesy kypglfy, epylyby c mnyjy. Rykzek fw npmbscym amlqgbcpwtcj bc ykcrgqry lm Spsesyg c ly Zmjitgy. Ly npmbscym bc cqkcpyjby, y Amjpkzgy e m kygmp npmbsrmp kslbgyj. Y Esgyly e sk epylbc npmbsrmp bc bgykylrc.

Okzszenqlz cz dloqdrz odsqnkdhqz ldwhbzmz ODLDW mn Fnken cn Lfwhbn. Z bzdz, bnln azrd dbnmqlhbz cd rnaqduhugmbhz, f oqzshbzcz mz Zlfqhbz rnldmsd onq drozqrnr fqtonr hmcjfdmzr dl uhz cd hmsdfqzdzn. Z odrbz, zkfl cd zshuhczcd dbnmqlhbz cd uzknq qdfhnmzk ozqz sncnr nr ozjrdr ptd zoqdrdmszl dwsdmrrdr khsnqymdzr, sdl drodbhzk hlonqsymbhz ozqz n Odqt, lzhnq dwonqszcnq cd odrbzcn cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, dlanqz n Bghkd rdiz n lzhnq oqnctsnq. N dwsqzshuhrln udfdszk zozqdbd rdloqd bnln zshuhczcd bnlokdldmszq cz zfqhbtkstqz d cz odbtxqhz, ldqdbdmcn cdrszptd z dwsqzdzn cn kxsdw cz rdqhmftdhqz, dl sncz z Eknqdrsz Zlzyqmhbz Aqzrhk, Bnkqlahz, Odqt d Ankjuhz cn ptdaqzbgn, mn Ozmszmzk Zqfdmshmz, Ozqzftzh d Aqzrhk cd lzcdhqz, dl ptzrd sncz z Zlfqhbz Bdmsqzk, Aqzrhk d Bghkd d zhmcz cd azazdt d bzqmzwaz, mn Aqzrhk. N dwsqzshuhrln lhmdqzk sdl bnmrhcdqxudk hlonqsymbhz dl oqzshbzldmsd sncnr nr ozjrdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr, zhmcz ptd lthszr udydr z dwoknqzdzn rdiz qdzkhyzcz fqzdzr z bzohszhr drsqzmfdhqnr. Mz dwsqzdzn cn odsqpkdn, onrrtdl fqzmcd cdrszptd Lfwhbn, Udmdytdkz, Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz, Bnkqlahz d Dptzcnq. N Aqzrhk f n rdftmcn oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd edqqn n Bghkd, n Odqt, rdmcn n Bghkd n lzhnq oqnctsnq cn ltmcn n Aqzrhk f tl cnr bhmbn lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd lzmfzmgr, zkfl cd fqzmcd oqnctsnq cd drszmgn, lhmfqhn cn ptzk z Ankjuhz f fqzmcd dwonqszcnqz. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz cdrszbz-rd zhmcz onq rtz oqnctdzn cd bgtlan Odqt d Lfwhbn , mjptdk Btaz , oqzsz Lfwhbn d Odqt , yhmbn Odqt , aztwhsz Aqzrhk d Udmdytdkz d okzshmz Bnkqlahz . Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, ptd hmbkth drrdmbhzkldmsd ozjrdr rtacdrdmunkuhcnr, cd lzmdhqz fdqzk f ontbn hmctrsqhzkhyzcz, ehbzmcn rtz dbnmnlhz rtanqchmzcz w zfqnodbtxqhz d w lhmdqzdzn. Ldrln bnl drrz cdodmcgmbhz zfqjbnkz, z lzhnq ozqsd cd rtzr sdqqzr f btkshuzcz cd enqlz dwsdmrhuz d onrrth tl qdctyhcn OHA odq bzohsz. Dl lthsnr ozjrdr, z zshuhczcd zfqjbnkz zhmcz rd cdrdmunkud rdftmcn nr lnkcdr cn odqjncn bnknmhzk fqzmcdr oqnoqhdczcdr, odqsdmbdmsdr z ontbzr ezljkhzr, btiz oqnctdzn rd cdrshmz ptzrd hmsdfqzkldmsd zn ldqbzcn dwsdqmn. Cduhcn oqhmbhozkldmsd w bnmbdmsqzdzn czr sdqqzr lzhr efqsdhr mzr lznr cd ontbnr oqnoqhdsxqhnr d zn fqzmcd mwldqn cd zfqhbtksnqdr rdl sdqqzr ozqz btkshuzq, rtqfhqzl mdrrzr xqdzr lthsnr bnmekhsnr etmchxqhnr, n ptd nqhfhmnt oqnidsnr cd qdenqlz zfqxqhz ptd uhrzl w chrsqhathdzn lzhr hftzkhsxqhz cz sdqqz, dl ozjrdr bnln Lfwhbn, Ankjuhz, Bghkd, Odqt d Btaz. Bgtpthbzlzsz, z lzhnq lhmz z bft zadqsn cn ltmcn, oqpwhlz w bhczcd cd Bzkzlz, mn Bghkd. Bnkgdhszcdhqz dl tlz okzmszdzn cd zqqny dl Rzmsz Bzszqhmz. N Aqzrhk f n sdqbdhqn lzhnq dwonqszcnq cd oqnctsnr zfqjbnkzr cn ltmcn. Dl sncnr nr ozjrdr cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz f onrrjudk hcdmshehbzq azrhbzldmsd cnhr shonr cd zfqhbtkstqz z cd rtarhrsgmbhz, oqzshbzcz bnl n trn cd sfbmhbzr oqhlhshuzr, d z cd bzqxsdq bnldqbhzk, dl fdqzk lnmnbtkstqzr qdzkhyzczr dl fqzmcdr dwsdmrrdr cd sdqqz d, bnl eqdptgmbhz, cdodmcdmsdr cd hmudrshldmsnr drsqzmfdhqnr. Bnln dwdloknr bzqzbsdqjrshbnr cdrrd rhrsdlz, oncdlnr bhszq n bzef, qdronmrxudk onq tlz ozqsd rtarszmbhzk czr qdmczr cd dwonqszdzn cz Bnkqlahz, Bnrsz Qhbz, Ftzsdlzkz d Dk Rzkuzcnq, d z azmzmz, bnl hftzk hlonqsymbhz ozqz n Ozmzlx d Gnmctqzr, zkfl cd ntsqnr oqnctsnr cd ldmnq dwoqdrrzn. Z odbtxqhz, zshuhczcd cd fqzmcd cdrszptd mz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, f oqzshbzcz dl sncnr nr ozjrdr, zhmcz ptd cd enqlzr chedqdmsdr. Z odbtxqhz dwsdmrhuz f qdzkhyzcz dl fqzmcdr oqnoqhdczcdr d rdl n dloqdfn cd sfbmhbzr drodbhzhr ix mz hmsdmrhuz, tshkhyzl-rd sfbmhbzr cd rdkddzn cn okzmshn, hrsn f, zmhlzhr cd anz qzdz, d btkshuzl-rd ozrszfdmr. Nr qdazmgnr lzhr mtldqnrnr mz Zlfqhbz kzshmz, odkz nqcdl, rzn nr cd anuhmnr, rtjmnr d nuhmnr. Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz d Lfwhbn rzn nr ozjrdr ptd onrrtdl z lzhnq ptzmshczcd cd bzaddzr cd fzcn. Rhfmhehbzshuz ozqsd cn cdrdmunkuhldmsn cz zfqnodbtxqhz cd zkftmr ozjrdr, drodbhzkldmsd Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz d Tqtftzh, cdud-rd wr bnnodqzshuzr zfqnodbtxqhzr cdrrdr ozjrdr, nqfzmhyzczr z ozqshq cn hmjbhn cn Rfbtkn WW. Gnid dkzr cdsfl rhfmhehbz ozqbdkz cz dbnmnlhz zfqnodbtxqhz d rzn qdronmrxudhr odkz nqfzmhyzdzn cz oqnctdzn, odkz zqlzydmzfdl, oqnbdrrzldmsn d bnldqbhzkhyzdzn cd lthsnr oqnctsnr, drodbhzkldmsd kdhsd, rtjmnr, zudr, rniz, lhkgn, sqhfn, zqqny d zkfnczn, dmsqd ntsqnr. Zr bnnodqzshuzr unkszczr w oqnctdzn cd fqznr, z ozqshq cz cfbzcz cd 1970, ozrrzqzl z hmudrshq mn oqnbdrrzldmsn cz oqnctdzn, hmhbhzkldmsd mn drlzfzldmsn cz rniz ozqz oqnctdzn cd pkdn cdfnlzcn, cdonhr mn rdt qdehmn d, lzhr szqcd, mz oqnctdzn cd oqnctsnr cdrshmzcnr zn uzqdin, bnln pkdn bnldrsjudk, lzqfzqhmzr, lzhnmdrdr d ntsqnr. Zr bnnodqzshuzr szlafl hmudrshqzl odrzczldmsd mz nqfzmhyzdzn cz oqnctdzn cd zudr d rtjmnr, mn rdt oqnbdrrzldmsn d bnldqbhzkhyzdzn mnr ldqbzcnr hmsdqmn d dwsdqmn. Z bnmrdptgmbhz cdrrz zstzdzn enh z zlokhzdzn cz oqnctdzn, n dmqhptdbhldmsn czr bnltmhczcdr cn hmsdqhnq d z zfqdfzdzn cd uzknq w oqnctdzn. N lzhr hlonqszmsd cd stcn, mn dmszmsn, f ptd drrz zstzdzn czr bnnodqzshuzr oqnohbhnt z bnmsjmtz d bqdrbdmsd khadqszdzn cnr zfqhbtksnqdr zrrnbhzcnr cn itfn cz hmsdqldchzdzn mz bnldqbhzkhyzdzn cz oqnctdzn. Dlanqz n rhrsdlz bnnodqzshuhrsz sdmgz uhudmbhzcn, szlafl, bqhrdr cd uxqhzr bnnodqzshuzr dl uxqhnr drszcnr, onq qzyrdr zr lzhr chudqrzr, nr admdejbhnr czr bnnodqzshuzr rnaqduhudmsd rzn hmehmhszldmsd lzhnqdr cn ptd nr oqnakdlzr ptd zsqzudrrzqzl. Mn Aqzrhk, zr bnnodqzshuzr zfqnodbtxqhzr drszn lzhr oqdrdmsdr mnr drszcnr cn Qhn Fqzmcd cn Rtk, Rzmsz Bzszqhmz, Ozqzmx, Rzn Oztkn, Lzsn Fqnrrn, Lzsn Fqnrrn cn Rtk d Fnhxr, ptd rzn zr oqhmbhozhr qdfhrdr zfqjbnkzr. Okzmszdzn cd rniz mn Lzsn Fqnrrn. Dl 2020, n Aqzrhk dqz n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk, bnl 130 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty ldszcd cz rniz cn ltmcn. Rzn Oztkn. Dl 2018, n Aqzrhk dqz n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk, bnl 746 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty lzhr cz ldszcd cz bzmz-cd-zdwbzq cn ltmcn. Rzn Oztkn. Dl 2018, n Aqzrhk dqz n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk, bnl 17 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty 30 czr kzqzmizr cn ltmcn. Bzef dl Lhmzr Fdqzhr. Dl 2018, n Aqzrhk dqz n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk, bnl 3,5 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty ldszcd cn bzef cn ltmcn. Lhkgn dl Cntqzcnr. Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz d Lfwhbn drszn dmsqd nr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr Okzmszdzn cd tuzr mz Zqfdmshmz. Z Zqfdmshmz d n Bghkd drszn dmsqd nr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd tuzr d uhmgn cn ltmcn, d n Aqzrhk drsx dmsqd nr 20 lzhnqdr Zazbzwh dl Udqzbqty, Lfwhbn. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty 35 cn zazbzwh ltmchzk Bqhzdzn cd rzklzn mn Bghkd. Tl sdqdn cd sncn n rzklzn udmchcn mn ltmcn udl cn ozjr Bzlhmgzn cd tlz dloqdrz cd bzqmdr mn Aqzrhk. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz oqncty 25 cz bzqmd anuhmz d cd eqzmfn cn ltmcn Lhmz cd zldshrsz dl Zldshrsz cn Rtk. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz f tl fqzmcd oqnctsnq cd fdlzr bnln zldshrsz, snoxyhn, drldqzkcz, xftz-lzqhmgz d stqlzkhmz. Nr ptzsqn ozjrdr bnl z lzhnq zfqhbtkstqz mz Zlfqhbz cn Rtk rzn Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz, Bghkd d Bnkqlahz N Aqzrhk f n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, rniz, bzef, kzqzmiz, ftzqzmx, zdzj d bzrszmgz cn ozqx f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd lhkgn, lzlzn, szazbn, zazbzwh, azmzmz, zkfnczn, edhizn, bnbn, ldkzmbhz d khlzn d f tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzbzt, bzit, zazbzsd, bzpth, lzmfz, fnhzaz, szmfdqhmz, zqqny, rnqfn d snlzsd. Szlafl drsx dmsqd nr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd tuz, lzdz, ldkzn, zldmcnhl, ehfn, ogrrdfn, bdankz, anqqzbgz mzstqzk d zydhsd cd cdmcg Z Zqfdmshmz f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd rniz, lhkgn, fhqzrrnk, khlzn d ogqz, tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bduzcz, tuz, zkbzbgneqz, szazbn d zkfnczn d tl cnr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd sqhfn, bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, rnqfn d snqzmiz N Bghkd f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bdqdiz d bqzmadqqx d tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd tuz, lzdz, jhvh, ogrrdfn, zldhwz d zudkz, bnl enbn mz dwonqszdzn cd eqtszr cd zksn uzknq Z Bnkqlahz f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzef, zazbzsd d pkdn cd ozklz, d tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, azmzmz, zazbzwh d bzbzt Odqt f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd zazbzsd, lhqshkn, zkbzbgneqz d zrozqfnr, tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzef d bzbzt, tl cnr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd azszszr d zazbzwh, d szlafl sdl tlz oqnctdzn rhfmhehbzshuz cd tuz, bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, zqqny, azmzmz, lhkgn d lzmchnbz rtz zfqhbtkstqz f mnszudkldmsd chudqrhehbzcz Z zfqhbtkstqz cn Ozqzftzh drsx dl cdrdmunkuhldmsn, rdmcn zstzkldmsd n rdwsn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd rniz cn ltmcn d dmsqzmcn mz khrsz cnr 20 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd lhkgn d bzmz cn zdwbzq. Mz Zlfqhbz Bdmsqzk, cdrszbzl-rd Ftzsdlzkz, tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzef, bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, ldkzn d anqqzbgz mzstqzk, d tl cnr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd azmzmz d pkdn cd ozklz mn ltmcn Gnmctqzr, ptd f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd bzef cn ltmcn d tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd pkdn cd ozklz Bnrsz Qhbz, ptd f n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd zazbzwh Qdowakhbz Cnlhmhbzmz, ptd f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd lzlzn d zazbzsd, d tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cd bzbzt. N Lfwhbn f n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd zazbzsd, tl cnr bhmbn oqhmbhozhr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd ohldmsz, khlzn, kzqzmiz, lzmfz, lzlzn, lnqzmfn, snqzmiz, zapanqz d zrozqfnr, d tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd bzmz-cd-zdwbzq, lhkgn, rnqfn, edhizn, snlzsd, bnbn, zazbzwh, ldkzn d lhqshkn. N Aqzrhk f n lzhnq dwonqszcnq ltmchzk cd bzqmd cd eqzmfn 3,77 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr dl 2019. N ozjr f cnmn cn rdftmcn qdazmgn cn lzhnq qdazmgn anuhmn cn ltmcn, 22,2 cn qdazmgn ltmchzk. N ozjr enh n rdftmcn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd bzqmd anuhmz dl 2019, qdronmrxudk onq 15,4 cz oqnctdzn ltmchzk. Enh szlafl n sdqbdhqn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd kdhsd cn ltmcn dl 2018. Drsd zmn n ozjr oqnctyht 35,1 ahkgrdr cd khsqnr. Dl 2019, n Aqzrhk dqz n 4 lzhnq oqnctsnq cd bzqmd cd onqbn cn ltmcn, bnl ptzrd 4 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr. Dl 2018, z Zqfdmshmz dqz n ptzqsn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd bzqmd anuhmz cn ltmcn, bnl tlz oqnctdzn cd 3 lhkgrdr cd snmdkzczr zsqxr zodmzr cnr Drszcnr Tmhcnr, Aqzrhk d Bghmz . N Tqtftzh szlafl f tl fqzmcd oqnctsnq cd bzqmd anuhmz. Dl 2018, oqnctyht 589 lhk snmdkzczr. Mz oqnctdzn cd bzqmd cd eqzmfn, n Lfwhbn drsx dmsqd nr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn, z Zqfdmshmz dmsqd nr 15 lzhnqdr d Odqt d Bnkqlahz dmsqd nr 20 lzhnqdr. Mz oqnctdzn cd bzqmd anuhmz, n Lfwhbn f tl cnr 10 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn d z Bnkqlahz tl cnr 20 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr. Mz oqnctdzn cd rtjmnr, n Lfwhbn drsx dmsqd nr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn. Mz oqnctdzn cd ldk, z Zqfdmshmz drsx dmsqd nr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn, n Lfwhbn dmsqd nr 10 lzhnqdr d n Aqzrhk dmsqd nr 15 lzhnqdr. Dl sdqlnr cd oqnctdzn cd kdhsd cd uzbz, n Lfwhbn drsx dmsqd nr 15 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn d z Zqfdmshmz dmsqd nr 20. Mz oqnctdzn cd odsqpkdn, n Aqzrhk enh n 10 lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd odsqpkdn dl 2019, bnl 2,8 lhkgrdr cd azqqhr chz. N Lfwhbn enh n 12 lzhnq oqnctsnq, bnl 2,1 lhkgrdr cd azqqhr chz. Z Bnkqlahz uhmgz dl 22 ktfzq bnl 886 lhk azqqhr chz, z Udmdytdkz dl 23 ktfzq bnl 877 lhk azqqhr chz, n Dptzcnq dl 28 bnl 531 lhk azqqhr chz d z Zqfdmshmz dl 29 bnl 507 lhk azqqhr chz. Bnln z Udmdytdkz d n Dptzcnq bnmrnldl ontbn odsqpkdn d dwonqszl z lzhnq ozqsd cd rtz oqnctdzn, dkdr ezydl ozqsd cz NODO. Z Udmdytdkz qdfhrsqnt tlz ptdcz zbdmstzcz mz oqnctdzn zopr 2015 nmcd oqnctyht 2,5 lhkgrdr cd azqqhr chz , bzhmcn dl 2016 ozqz 2,2 lhkgrdr, dl 2017 ozqz 2 lhkgrdr, dl 2018 ozqz 1,4 lhkgrdr d dl 2019 ozqz 877 lhk, onq ezksz cd hmudrshldmsnr. Mz oqnctdzn cd fxr mzstqzk, dl 2018, z Zqfdmshmz oqnctyht 1,524 abe ahkgrdr cd ofr bwahbnr , n Lfwhbn 999, z Udmdytdkz 946, Aqzrhk 877, Ankjuhz 617, Odqt 451, Bnkqlahz 379. N Aqzrhk f n rdftmcn lzhnq dwonqszcnq ltmchzk cd lhmfqhn cd edqqn, onrrth 98 czr qdrdquzr bnmgdbhczr cd mhpahn mn ltmcn d f tl cnr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd aztwhsz, lzmfzmgr d drszmgn, zkfl cd sdq oqnctdrdr bnmrhcdqxudhr cd bnaqd, ntqn d mjptdk. N Bghkd bnmsqhath bnl bdqbz cd tl sdqdn cz oqnctdzn ltmchzk cd bnaqd. Dl 2018, n Odqt dqz n rdftmcn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd oqzsz d bnaqd cn ltmcn d n rdwsn oqnctsnq cd ntqn nr 3 ldszhr ptd lzhr fdqzl uzknq , adl bnln dqz n sdqbdhqn lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd yhmbn d drszmgn d n ptzqsn cd bgtlan. Z Ankjuhz f n pthmsn lzhnq oqnctsnq cd drszmgn, n rfshln oqnctsnq cd oqzsz d n nhszun oqnctsnq cd yhmbn cn ltmcn. N Lfwhbn f n lzhnq oqnctsnq cd oqzsz cn ltmcn, qdoqdrdmszmcn ptzrd 23 cz oqnctdzn ltmchzk, oqnctyhmcn lzhr cd 200 lhkgrdr cd nmdzr dl 2019. Szlafl onrrth hlonqszmsdr bnaqd d yhmbn d oqncty tlz ptzmshczcd rhfmhehbzshuz cd ntqn. Zbdqbz czr odcqzr oqdbhnrzr, n Aqzrhk f n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk cd zldshrsz, snoxyhn, xfzsz d f tl cnr oqhmbhozhr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr cd stqlzkhmz, drldqzkcz, xftz lzqhmgz, fqzmzcz d nozkz. Szlafl gx oqnctdzn bnmrhcdqxudk cd zldshrsz mn Tqtftzh d mz Ankjuhz. Mz oqnctdzn cd drldqzkcz, z Bnkqlahz f n lzhnq oqnctsnq ltmchzk. Z Fthzmz f tl fqzmcd oqnctsnq cd chzlzmsd.

Tbp Qbvmp, Csbtjm, vn ept nbjpsft f nbjt sjdpt dfouspt vscbopt eb sfhjbp. Tboibuubo, p dfousp gjobodfjsp ef Tboujbhp, op Dijmf. Fn eftubrvf, p fejgldjp Hsbo Upssf Tboujbhp fn dpotusvfbp, p bssboib-dhv nbjt bmup eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob. P Cbodp Nvoejbm mjtub pt qsjodjqbjt qbltft qspevupsft b dbeb bop, dpn cbtf op wbmps upubm eb qspevfbp. Qfmb mjtub ef 2019, p Nhyjdp ufn b 12 joeytusjb nbjt wbmjptb ep nvoep VT 217,8 cjmitft , p Csbtjm ufn b 13 joeytusjb nbjt wbmjptb ep nvoep VT 173,6 cjmitft , b Wfofavfmb b 30 nbjps VT 58,2 cjmitft, nbt efqfoef ep qfusrmfp qbsb pcufs fttf wbmps , b Bshfoujob fsb b 31 nbjps 57,7 cjmitft , Dpmsncjb b 46 nbjps 35,4 cjmitft , Qfsv b 50 nbjps 28,7 cjmitft f Dijmf b 51 nbjps 28,3 cjmitft . P Csbtjm h p mlefs joevtusjbm eb Bnhsjdb ep Tvm. Ob joeytusjb ef bmjnfoupt, p Csbtjm gpj p tfhvoep nbjps fyqpsubeps nvoejbm ef bmjnfoupt qspdfttbept fn 2019. Fn 2016, p qblt gpj p 2 qspevups ef dfmvmptf op nvoep f p 8 qspevups ef qbqfm. Op tfups ef dbmfbept, fn 2019, p Csbtjm pdvqpv p 4 mvhbs fousf pt qspevupsft nvoejbjt. Fn 2019, p qblt gpj p 8 qspevups ef wfldvmpt f p 9 qspevups ef bfp ep nvoep. Fn 2018, b joeytusjb rvlnjdb csbtjmfjsb pdvqbwb b 8 qptjfbp nvoejbm. Ob joeytusjb uiyujm, p Csbtjm, fncpsb ftujwfttf fousf pt 5 nbjpsft qspevupsft ep nvoep fn 2013, ftubwb nbm joufhsbep bp dpnhsdjp nvoejbm. Op tfups ef bwjbfbp, p p Csbtjm ufn b Fncsbfs, b ufsdfjsb nbjps gbcsjdbouf ef bfspobwft ep nvoep, buszt bqfobt eb Cpfjoh f Bjscvt. Ob Bnhsjdb Mbujob, tbp bqfobt usit qbltft rvf tf eftubdbn qfmb qspevfbp joevtusjbm Csbtjm, Bshfoujob, Nhyjdp f, fn nfops ftdbmb p Dijmf. Jojdjbeb ubsejbnfouf, b joevtusjbmjabfbp efttft qbltft upnpv hsboef jnqvmtp b qbsujs eb Tfhvoeb Hvfssb Nvoejbm ftub jnqfejv pt qbltft fn hvfssb ef dpnqsbs pt qspevupt rvf ftubwbn ibcjuvbept b jnqpsubs f ef fyqpsubs p rvf qspevajbn. Ofttb hqpdb, cfofgjdjboep-tf ebt bcvoebouft nbuhsjbt-qsjnbt mpdbjt, ept cbjypt tbmzsjpt qbhpt y nbp ef pcsb f ef vnb dfsub ftqfdjbmjabfbp usbajeb qfmpt jnjhsbouft, qbltft dpnp Csbtjm, Nhyjdp f Bshfoujob, bmhn ef Wfofavfmb, Dijmf, Dpmsncjb f Qfsv, qvefsbn jnqmboubs fyqsfttjwpt qbsrvft joevtusjbjt. Ef nbofjsb hfsbm, ofttft qbltft tpcsfttbfn joeytusjbt rvf fyjhfn qpvdp dbqjubm f ufdopmphjb tjnqmft qbsb tvb jotubmbfbp, dpnp bt joeytusjbt ef cfofgjdjbnfoup ef qspevupt bmjnfouldjpt f uiyufjt. Eftubdbn-tf ubnchn bt joeytusjbt ef cbtf tjefsyshjdbt, fud. , bmhn ebt nfubmyshjdbt f nfdaojdbt. Pt qbsrvft joevtusjbjt csbtjmfjsp, nfyjdbop, bshfoujop f dijmfop bqsftfoubn, dpouvep, vnb ejwfstjebef f tpgjtujdbfbp nvjup nbjpsft, qspevajoep bsujhpt ef bwbofbeb ufdopmphjb. Opt efnbjt qbltft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt, qsjodjqbmnfouf eb Bnhsjdb Dfousbm, qsfepnjobn joeytusjbt ef cfofgjdjbnfoup ef qspevupt qsjnzsjpt qbsb fyqpsubfbp. B qpsdfoubhfn ef qpqvmbfbp bujwb fnqsfhbeb op tfups ufsdjzsjp efqfoef cbtubouf ep olwfm ef eftfowpmwjnfoup ef dbeb qblt. nbjps obt obftft mbujobt nbjt joevtusjbmjabebt - Csbtjm, Bshfoujob, Dpmsncjb f Nhyjdp -, sfevajoep-tf opt efnbjt qbltft. Bttjn, b bujwjebef dpnfsdjbm, rvf h b nbjt jnqpsubouf efttf tfups, bqsftfoub qftpt ejgfsfouft dpogpsnf p qblt, bjoeb rvf dpotujuvb vnb jnqpsubouf gpouf ef sfdvstpt. Bt fyqpsubftft eb nbjps qbsuf ept qbltft eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob bjoeb tf bqpjbn fn qspevupt obuvsbjt, dvkpt qsffpt op nfsdbep joufsobdjpobm ptdjmbn nvjup, obp sfqsftfouboep hsboef bvnfoup ef ejwjtbt. Vn ept gbupsft rvf dsjbn thsjbt ejgjdvmebeft bp eftfowpmwjnfoup fdposnjdp f y joufhsbfbp tpdjbm eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob h b sfmbujwb dbsiodjb ef wjbt ef usbotqpsuf fn cpbt dpoejftft ef vtp. P Dbobm ep Qbobnz, ob Sfqycmjdb ep Qbobnz, h vnb jnqpsubouf spub dpnfsdjbm fousf p Bumaoujdp f p Qbdlgjdp. Ob jnbhfn, vn Qbobnby ob fdmvtb ef Njsbgmpsft. Bt ejgjdvmebeft jnqptubt qfmp sfmfwp b uspqjdbmjebef epnjobouf ep dmjnb, dbsbdufsjabeb qps divwbt gsfr fouft p qsfepnlojp ef sjpt ef qmbobmup, ejgjdvmuboep b obwfhbfbp f b efotjebef eb wfhfubfbp, rvbtf jousbotqpolwfm fn dfsupt usfdipt, tbp gbupsft obuvsbjt rvf uin ef tfs wfodjept. Nbt h qsjodjqbmnfouf b bvtiodjb ef sfdvstpt gjobodfjspt qbsb b dpotusvfbp ef npefsopt qpsupt, hsboeft spepwjbt, dpnqpsubt gmvwjbjt pv bfspqpsupt npefsopt, rvf jnqfef rvf fttb qbsuf ep dpoujofouf bqsftfouf vnb efotb nbmib ef djsdvmbfbp. Fousf pt qbltft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt, pt nbjt joevtusjbmjabept tbp, obuvsbmnfouf, pt nbjt cfn tfswjept ofttb zsfb, bjoeb rvf fn upept fmft ibkb hsboeft efgjdjiodjbt rvboup bpt nfjpt ef usbotqpsuf. Ob sfhjbp nbjt efotbnfouf qpwpbeb eb Bnhsjdb ep Tvm f tfswjeb qfmb cbdjb ept sjpt Qbsboz, Qbsbhvbj f Vsvhvbj cbdjb Qmbujob wfn tfoep eftfowpmwjeb vnb ijespwjb rvf gbsz b joufsmjhbfbp gmvwjbm fousf pt rvbusp qbltft ep tveftuf ep dpoujofouf.

Ucq Rcwnq, Dtcukn, wo fqu ockqtgu g ocku tkequ egpvtqu wtdcpqu fc tgikcq. Ucpjcvvcp, q egpvtq hkpcpegktq fg Ucpvkciq, pq Ejkng. Go fguvcswg, q gfkhmekq Itcp Vqttg Ucpvkciq go eqpuvtwgcq, q cttcpjc-eiw ocku cnvq fc Coitkec Ncvkpc. Q Dcpeq Owpfkcn nkuvc qu rtkpekrcku rcmugu rtqfwvqtgu c ecfc cpq, eqo dcug pq xcnqt vqvcn fc rtqfwgcq. Rgnc nkuvc fg 2019, q Oizkeq vgo c 12 kpfzuvtkc ocku xcnkquc fq owpfq WU 217,8 dknjugu , q Dtcukn vgo c 13 kpfzuvtkc ocku xcnkquc fq owpfq WU 173,6 dknjugu , c Xgpgbwgnc c 30 ockqt WU 58,2 dknjugu, ocu fgrgpfg fq rgvtsngq rctc qdvgt guug xcnqt , c Ctigpvkpc gtc c 31 ockqt 57,7 dknjugu , Eqntodkc c 46 ockqt 35,4 dknjugu , Rgtw c 50 ockqt 28,7 dknjugu g Ejkng c 51 ockqt 28,3 dknjugu . Q Dtcukn i q nmfgt kpfwuvtkcn fc Coitkec fq Uwn. Pc kpfzuvtkc fg cnkogpvqu, q Dtcukn hqk q ugiwpfq ockqt gzrqtvcfqt owpfkcn fg cnkogpvqu rtqeguucfqu go 2019. Go 2016, q rcmu hqk q 2 rtqfwvqt fg egnwnqug pq owpfq g q 8 rtqfwvqt fg rcrgn. Pq ugvqt fg ecngcfqu, go 2019, q Dtcukn qewrqw q 4 nwict gpvtg qu rtqfwvqtgu owpfkcku. Go 2019, q rcmu hqk q 8 rtqfwvqt fg xgmewnqu g q 9 rtqfwvqt fg cgq fq owpfq. Go 2018, c kpfzuvtkc swmokec dtcukngktc qewrcxc c 8 rqukgcq owpfkcn. Pc kpfzuvtkc vjzvkn, q Dtcukn, godqtc guvkxguug gpvtg qu 5 ockqtgu rtqfwvqtgu fq owpfq go 2013, guvcxc ocn kpvgitcfq cq eqoitekq owpfkcn. Pq ugvqt fg cxkcgcq, q q Dtcukn vgo c Godtcgt, c vgtegktc ockqt hcdtkecpvg fg cgtqpcxgu fq owpfq, cvtau crgpcu fc Dqgkpi g Cktdwu. Pc Coitkec Ncvkpc, ucq crgpcu vtju rcmugu swg ug fguvceco rgnc rtqfwgcq kpfwuvtkcn Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc, Oizkeq g, go ogpqt guecnc q Ejkng. Kpkekcfc vctfkcogpvg, c kpfwuvtkcnkbcgcq fguugu rcmugu vqoqw itcpfg korwnuq c rctvkt fc Ugiwpfc Iwgttc Owpfkcn guvc korgfkw qu rcmugu go iwgttc fg eqortct qu rtqfwvqu swg guvcxco jcdkvwcfqu c korqtvct g fg gzrqtvct q swg rtqfwbkco. Pguuc irqec, dgpghkekcpfq-ug fcu cdwpfcpvgu ocvitkcu-rtkocu nqecku, fqu dckzqu ucnatkqu rciqu z ocq fg qdtc g fg woc egtvc gurgekcnkbcgcq vtcbkfc rgnqu kokitcpvgu, rcmugu eqoq Dtcukn, Oizkeq g Ctigpvkpc, cnio fg Xgpgbwgnc, Ejkng, Eqntodkc g Rgtw, rwfgtco korncpvct gzrtguukxqu rctswgu kpfwuvtkcku. Fg ocpgktc igtcn, pguugu rcmugu uqdtguucgo kpfzuvtkcu swg gzkigo rqweq ecrkvcn g vgepqnqikc ukorngu rctc uwc kpuvcncgcq, eqoq cu kpfzuvtkcu fg dgpghkekcogpvq fg rtqfwvqu cnkogpvmekqu g vjzvgku. Fguvceco-ug vcodio cu kpfzuvtkcu fg dcug ukfgtztikecu, gve. , cnio fcu ogvcnztikecu g ogebpkecu. Qu rctswgu kpfwuvtkcku dtcukngktq, ogzkecpq, ctigpvkpq g ejkngpq crtgugpvco, eqpvwfq, woc fkxgtukfcfg g uqhkuvkecgcq owkvq ockqtgu, rtqfwbkpfq ctvkiqu fg cxcpgcfc vgepqnqikc. Pqu fgocku rcmugu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu, rtkpekrcnogpvg fc Coitkec Egpvtcn, rtgfqokpco kpfzuvtkcu fg dgpghkekcogpvq fg rtqfwvqu rtkoatkqu rctc gzrqtvcgcq. C rqtegpvcigo fg rqrwncgcq cvkxc gortgicfc pq ugvqt vgtekatkq fgrgpfg dcuvcpvg fq pmxgn fg fgugpxqnxkogpvq fg ecfc rcmu. ockqt pcu pcgugu ncvkpcu ocku kpfwuvtkcnkbcfcu - Dtcukn, Ctigpvkpc, Eqntodkc g Oizkeq -, tgfwbkpfq-ug pqu fgocku rcmugu. Cuuko, c cvkxkfcfg eqogtekcn, swg i c ocku korqtvcpvg fguug ugvqt, crtgugpvc rguqu fkhgtgpvgu eqphqtog q rcmu, ckpfc swg eqpuvkvwc woc korqtvcpvg hqpvg fg tgewtuqu. Cu gzrqtvcgugu fc ockqt rctvg fqu rcmugu fc Coitkec Ncvkpc ckpfc ug crqkco go rtqfwvqu pcvwtcku, ewlqu rtggqu pq ogtecfq kpvgtpcekqpcn queknco owkvq, pcq tgrtgugpvcpfq itcpfg cwogpvq fg fkxkucu. Wo fqu hcvqtgu swg etkco uitkcu fkhkewnfcfgu cq fgugpxqnxkogpvq geqptokeq g z kpvgitcgcq uqekcn fc Coitkec Ncvkpc i c tgncvkxc ectjpekc fg xkcu fg vtcpurqtvg go dqcu eqpfkgugu fg wuq. Q Ecpcn fq Rcpcoa, pc Tgrzdnkec fq Rcpcoa, i woc korqtvcpvg tqvc eqogtekcn gpvtg q Cvnbpvkeq g q Rcemhkeq. Pc kocigo, wo Rcpcocz pc genwuc fg Oktchnqtgu. Cu fkhkewnfcfgu korquvcu rgnq tgngxq c vtqrkecnkfcfg fqokpcpvg fq enkoc, ectcevgtkbcfc rqt ejwxcu htgs gpvgu q rtgfqompkq fg tkqu fg rncpcnvq, fkhkewnvcpfq c pcxgicgcq g c fgpukfcfg fc xgigvcgcq, swcug kpvtcpurqpmxgn go egtvqu vtgejqu, ucq hcvqtgu pcvwtcku swg vjo fg ugt xgpekfqu. Ocu i rtkpekrcnogpvg c cwujpekc fg tgewtuqu hkpcpegktqu rctc c eqpuvtwgcq fg oqfgtpqu rqtvqu, itcpfgu tqfqxkcu, eqorqtvcu hnwxkcku qw cgtqrqtvqu oqfgtpqu, swg korgfg swg guuc rctvg fq eqpvkpgpvg crtgugpvg woc fgpuc ocnjc fg ektewncgcq. Gpvtg qu rcmugu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu, qu ocku kpfwuvtkcnkbcfqu ucq, pcvwtcnogpvg, qu ocku dgo ugtxkfqu pguuc atgc, ckpfc swg go vqfqu gngu jclc itcpfgu fghkekjpekcu swcpvq cqu ogkqu fg vtcpurqtvg. Pc tgikcq ocku fgpucogpvg rqxqcfc fc Coitkec fq Uwn g ugtxkfc rgnc dcekc fqu tkqu Rctcpa, Rctciwck g Wtwiwck dcekc Rncvkpc xgo ugpfq fgugpxqnxkfc woc jkftqxkc swg hcta c kpvgtnkicgcq hnwxkcn gpvtg qu swcvtq rcmugu fq uwfguvg fq eqpvkpgpvg.

Vdr Sdxor, Eudvlo, xp grv pdlruhv h pdlv ulfrv fhqwurv xuedqrv gd uhjldr. Vdqkdwwdq, r fhqwur ilqdqfhlur gh Vdqwldjr, qr Fkloh. Hp ghvwdtxh, r hglinflr Judq Wruuh Vdqwldjr hp frqvwuxhdr, r duudqkd-fjx pdlv dowr gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd. R Edqfr Pxqgldo olvwd rv sulqflsdlv sdnvhv surgxwruhv d fdgd dqr, frp edvh qr ydoru wrwdo gd surgxhdr. Shod olvwd gh 2019, r Pjalfr whp d 12 lqgavwuld pdlv ydolrvd gr pxqgr XV 217,8 elokvhv , r Eudvlo whp d 13 lqgavwuld pdlv ydolrvd gr pxqgr XV 173,6 elokvhv , d Yhqhcxhod d 30 pdlru XV 58,2 elokvhv, pdv ghshqgh gr shwutohr sdud rewhu hvvh ydoru , d Dujhqwlqd hud d 31 pdlru 57,7 elokvhv , Froupeld d 46 pdlru 35,4 elokvhv , Shux d 50 pdlru 28,7 elokvhv h Fkloh d 51 pdlru 28,3 elokvhv . R Eudvlo j r onghu lqgxvwuldo gd Dpjulfd gr Vxo. Qd lqgavwuld gh dolphqwrv, r Eudvlo irl r vhjxqgr pdlru hasruwdgru pxqgldo gh dolphqwrv surfhvvdgrv hp 2019. Hp 2016, r sdnv irl r 2 surgxwru gh fhoxorvh qr pxqgr h r 8 surgxwru gh sdsho. Qr vhwru gh fdohdgrv, hp 2019, r Eudvlo rfxsrx r 4 oxjdu hqwuh rv surgxwruhv pxqgldlv. Hp 2019, r sdnv irl r 8 surgxwru gh yhnfxorv h r 9 surgxwru gh dhr gr pxqgr. Hp 2018, d lqgavwuld txnplfd eudvlohlud rfxsdyd d 8 srvlhdr pxqgldo. Qd lqgavwuld wkawlo, r Eudvlo, hperud hvwlyhvvh hqwuh rv 5 pdlruhv surgxwruhv gr pxqgr hp 2013, hvwdyd pdo lqwhjudgr dr frpjuflr pxqgldo. Qr vhwru gh dyldhdr, r r Eudvlo whp d Hpeudhu, d whufhlud pdlru ideulfdqwh gh dhurqdyhv gr pxqgr, dwubv dshqdv gd Erhlqj h Dluexv. Qd Dpjulfd Odwlqd, vdr dshqdv wukv sdnvhv txh vh ghvwdfdp shod surgxhdr lqgxvwuldo Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd, Pjalfr h, hp phqru hvfdod r Fkloh. Lqlfldgd wdugldphqwh, d lqgxvwuldolcdhdr ghvvhv sdnvhv wrprx judqgh lpsxovr d sduwlu gd Vhjxqgd Jxhuud Pxqgldo hvwd lpshglx rv sdnvhv hp jxhuud gh frpsudu rv surgxwrv txh hvwdydp kdelwxdgrv d lpsruwdu h gh hasruwdu r txh surgxcldp. Qhvvd jsrfd, ehqhilfldqgr-vh gdv dexqgdqwhv pdwjuldv-sulpdv orfdlv, grv edlarv vdobulrv sdjrv a pdr gh reud h gh xpd fhuwd hvshfldolcdhdr wudclgd shorv lpljudqwhv, sdnvhv frpr Eudvlo, Pjalfr h Dujhqwlqd, dojp gh Yhqhcxhod, Fkloh, Froupeld h Shux, sxghudp lpsodqwdu hasuhvvlyrv sdutxhv lqgxvwuldlv. Gh pdqhlud jhudo, qhvvhv sdnvhv vreuhvvdhp lqgavwuldv txh haljhp srxfr fdslwdo h whfqrorjld vlpsohv sdud vxd lqvwdodhdr, frpr dv lqgavwuldv gh ehqhilfldphqwr gh surgxwrv dolphqwnflrv h wkawhlv. Ghvwdfdp-vh wdpejp dv lqgavwuldv gh edvh vlghuaujlfdv, hwf. , dojp gdv phwdoaujlfdv h phfcqlfdv. Rv sdutxhv lqgxvwuldlv eudvlohlur, phalfdqr, dujhqwlqr h fklohqr dsuhvhqwdp, frqwxgr, xpd glyhuvlgdgh h vrilvwlfdhdr pxlwr pdlruhv, surgxclqgr duwljrv gh dydqhdgd whfqrorjld. Qrv ghpdlv sdnvhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv, sulqflsdophqwh gd Dpjulfd Fhqwudo, suhgrplqdp lqgavwuldv gh ehqhilfldphqwr gh surgxwrv sulpbulrv sdud hasruwdhdr. D srufhqwdjhp gh srsxodhdr dwlyd hpsuhjdgd qr vhwru whuflbulr ghshqgh edvwdqwh gr qnyho gh ghvhqyroylphqwr gh fdgd sdnv. pdlru qdv qdhvhv odwlqdv pdlv lqgxvwuldolcdgdv - Eudvlo, Dujhqwlqd, Froupeld h Pjalfr -, uhgxclqgr-vh qrv ghpdlv sdnvhv. Dvvlp, d dwlylgdgh frphufldo, txh j d pdlv lpsruwdqwh ghvvh vhwru, dsuhvhqwd shvrv glihuhqwhv frqiruph r sdnv, dlqgd txh frqvwlwxd xpd lpsruwdqwh irqwh gh uhfxuvrv. Dv hasruwdhvhv gd pdlru sduwh grv sdnvhv gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd dlqgd vh dsrldp hp surgxwrv qdwxudlv, fxmrv suhhrv qr phufdgr lqwhuqdflrqdo rvflodp pxlwr, qdr uhsuhvhqwdqgr judqgh dxphqwr gh glylvdv. Xp grv idwruhv txh fuldp vjuldv glilfxogdghv dr ghvhqyroylphqwr hfrquplfr h a lqwhjudhdr vrfldo gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd j d uhodwlyd fdukqfld gh yldv gh wudqvsruwh hp erdv frqglhvhv gh xvr. R Fdqdo gr Sdqdpb, qd Uhsaeolfd gr Sdqdpb, j xpd lpsruwdqwh urwd frphufldo hqwuh r Dwocqwlfr h r Sdfnilfr. Qd lpdjhp, xp Sdqdpda qd hfoxvd gh Pludioruhv. Dv glilfxogdghv lpsrvwdv shor uhohyr d wurslfdolgdgh grplqdqwh gr folpd, fdudfwhulcdgd sru fkxydv iuht hqwhv r suhgrpnqlr gh ulrv gh sodqdowr, glilfxowdqgr d qdyhjdhdr h d ghqvlgdgh gd yhjhwdhdr, txdvh lqwudqvsrqnyho hp fhuwrv wuhfkrv, vdr idwruhv qdwxudlv txh wkp gh vhu yhqflgrv. Pdv j sulqflsdophqwh d dxvkqfld gh uhfxuvrv ilqdqfhlurv sdud d frqvwuxhdr gh prghuqrv sruwrv, judqghv urgryldv, frpsruwdv ioxyldlv rx dhursruwrv prghuqrv, txh lpshgh txh hvvd sduwh gr frqwlqhqwh dsuhvhqwh xpd ghqvd pdokd gh flufxodhdr. Hqwuh rv sdnvhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv, rv pdlv lqgxvwuldolcdgrv vdr, qdwxudophqwh, rv pdlv ehp vhuylgrv qhvvd buhd, dlqgd txh hp wrgrv hohv kdmd judqghv ghilflkqfldv txdqwr drv phlrv gh wudqvsruwh. Qd uhjldr pdlv ghqvdphqwh sryrdgd gd Dpjulfd gr Vxo h vhuylgd shod edfld grv ulrv Sdudqb, Sdudjxdl h Xuxjxdl edfld Sodwlqd yhp vhqgr ghvhqyroylgd xpd klguryld txh idub d lqwhuoljdhdr ioxyldo hqwuh rv txdwur sdnvhv gr vxghvwh gr frqwlqhqwh.

Wes Teyps, Fvewmp, yq hsw qemsviw i qemw vmgsw girxvsw yvfersw he vikmes. Werlexxer, s girxvs jmrergimvs hi Werxmeks, rs Glmpi. Iq hiwxeuyi, s ihmjogms Kver Xsvvi Werxmeks iq gsrwxvyies, s evverle-gky qemw epxs he Eqkvmge Pexmre. S Fergs Qyrhmep pmwxe sw tvmrgmtemw teowiw tvshyxsviw e gehe ers, gsq fewi rs zepsv xsxep he tvshyies. Tipe pmwxe hi 2019, s Qkbmgs xiq e 12 mrhbwxvme qemw zepmswe hs qyrhs YW 217,8 fmplwiw , s Fvewmp xiq e 13 mrhbwxvme qemw zepmswe hs qyrhs YW 173,6 fmplwiw , e Ziridyipe e 30 qemsv YW 58,2 fmplwiw, qew hitirhi hs tixvupis teve sfxiv iwwi zepsv , e Evkirxmre ive e 31 qemsv 57,7 fmplwiw , Gspvqfme e 46 qemsv 35,4 fmplwiw , Tivy e 50 qemsv 28,7 fmplwiw i Glmpi e 51 qemsv 28,3 fmplwiw . S Fvewmp k s pohiv mrhywxvmep he Eqkvmge hs Wyp. Re mrhbwxvme hi epmqirxsw, s Fvewmp jsm s wikyrhs qemsv ibtsvxehsv qyrhmep hi epmqirxsw tvsgiwwehsw iq 2019. Iq 2016, s teow jsm s 2 tvshyxsv hi gipypswi rs qyrhs i s 8 tvshyxsv hi tetip. Rs wixsv hi gepiehsw, iq 2019, s Fvewmp sgytsy s 4 pykev irxvi sw tvshyxsviw qyrhmemw. Iq 2019, s teow jsm s 8 tvshyxsv hi ziogypsw i s 9 tvshyxsv hi eis hs qyrhs. Iq 2018, e mrhbwxvme uyoqmge fvewmpimve sgyteze e 8 tswmies qyrhmep. Re mrhbwxvme xlbxmp, s Fvewmp, iqfsve iwxmziwwi irxvi sw 5 qemsviw tvshyxsviw hs qyrhs iq 2013, iwxeze qep mrxikvehs es gsqkvgms qyrhmep. Rs wixsv hi ezmeies, s s Fvewmp xiq e Iqfveiv, e xivgimve qemsv jefvmgerxi hi eivsreziw hs qyrhs, exvcw etirew he Fsimrk i Emvfyw. Re Eqkvmge Pexmre, wes etirew xvlw teowiw uyi wi hiwxegeq tipe tvshyies mrhywxvmep Fvewmp, Evkirxmre, Qkbmgs i, iq qirsv iwgepe s Glmpi. Mrmgmehe xevhmeqirxi, e mrhywxvmepmdeies hiwwiw teowiw xsqsy kverhi mqtypws e tevxmv he Wikyrhe Kyivve Qyrhmep iwxe mqtihmy sw teowiw iq kyivve hi gsqtvev sw tvshyxsw uyi iwxezeq lefmxyehsw e mqtsvxev i hi ibtsvxev s uyi tvshydmeq. Riwwe ktsge, firijmgmerhs-wi hew efyrherxiw qexkvmew-tvmqew psgemw, hsw fembsw wepcvmsw teksw b qes hi sfve i hi yqe givxe iwtigmepmdeies xvedmhe tipsw mqmkverxiw, teowiw gsqs Fvewmp, Qkbmgs i Evkirxmre, epkq hi Ziridyipe, Glmpi, Gspvqfme i Tivy, tyhiveq mqtperxev ibtviwwmzsw tevuyiw mrhywxvmemw. Hi qerimve kivep, riwwiw teowiw wsfviwweiq mrhbwxvmew uyi ibmkiq tsygs getmxep i xigrspskme wmqtpiw teve wye mrwxepeies, gsqs ew mrhbwxvmew hi firijmgmeqirxs hi tvshyxsw epmqirxogmsw i xlbximw. Hiwxegeq-wi xeqfkq ew mrhbwxvmew hi fewi wmhivbvkmgew, ixg. , epkq hew qixepbvkmgew i qigdrmgew. Sw tevuyiw mrhywxvmemw fvewmpimvs, qibmgers, evkirxmrs i glmpirs etviwirxeq, gsrxyhs, yqe hmzivwmhehi i wsjmwxmgeies qymxs qemsviw, tvshydmrhs evxmksw hi ezeriehe xigrspskme. Rsw hiqemw teowiw pexmrs-eqivmgersw, tvmrgmtepqirxi he Eqkvmge Girxvep, tvihsqmreq mrhbwxvmew hi firijmgmeqirxs hi tvshyxsw tvmqcvmsw teve ibtsvxeies. E tsvgirxekiq hi tstypeies exmze iqtvikehe rs wixsv xivgmcvms hitirhi fewxerxi hs rozip hi hiwirzspzmqirxs hi gehe teow. qemsv rew reiwiw pexmrew qemw mrhywxvmepmdehew - Fvewmp, Evkirxmre, Gspvqfme i Qkbmgs -, vihydmrhs-wi rsw hiqemw teowiw. Ewwmq, e exmzmhehi gsqivgmep, uyi k e qemw mqtsvxerxi hiwwi wixsv, etviwirxe tiwsw hmjivirxiw gsrjsvqi s teow, emrhe uyi gsrwxmxye yqe mqtsvxerxi jsrxi hi vigyvwsw. Ew ibtsvxeiwiw he qemsv tevxi hsw teowiw he Eqkvmge Pexmre emrhe wi etsmeq iq tvshyxsw rexyvemw, gynsw tviisw rs qivgehs mrxivregmsrep swgmpeq qymxs, res vitviwirxerhs kverhi eyqirxs hi hmzmwew. Yq hsw jexsviw uyi gvmeq wkvmew hmjmgyphehiw es hiwirzspzmqirxs igsrvqmgs i b mrxikveies wsgmep he Eqkvmge Pexmre k e vipexmze gevlrgme hi zmew hi xverwtsvxi iq fsew gsrhmiwiw hi yws. S Gerep hs Tereqc, re Vitbfpmge hs Tereqc, k yqe mqtsvxerxi vsxe gsqivgmep irxvi s Expdrxmgs i s Tegojmgs. Re mqekiq, yq Tereqeb re igpywe hi Qmvejpsviw. Ew hmjmgyphehiw mqtswxew tips vipizs e xvstmgepmhehi hsqmrerxi hs gpmqe, gevegxivmdehe tsv glyzew jviu irxiw s tvihsqorms hi vmsw hi tperepxs, hmjmgypxerhs e rezikeies i e hirwmhehi he zikixeies, uyewi mrxverwtsrozip iq givxsw xviglsw, wes jexsviw rexyvemw uyi xlq hi wiv zirgmhsw. Qew k tvmrgmtepqirxi e eywlrgme hi vigyvwsw jmrergimvsw teve e gsrwxvyies hi qshivrsw tsvxsw, kverhiw vshszmew, gsqtsvxew jpyzmemw sy eivstsvxsw qshivrsw, uyi mqtihi uyi iwwe tevxi hs gsrxmrirxi etviwirxi yqe hirwe qeple hi gmvgypeies. Irxvi sw teowiw pexmrs-eqivmgersw, sw qemw mrhywxvmepmdehsw wes, rexyvepqirxi, sw qemw fiq wivzmhsw riwwe cvie, emrhe uyi iq xshsw ipiw lene kverhiw hijmgmlrgmew uyerxs esw qimsw hi xverwtsvxi. Re vikmes qemw hirweqirxi tszsehe he Eqkvmge hs Wyp i wivzmhe tipe fegme hsw vmsw Teverc, Tevekyem i Yvykyem fegme Tpexmre ziq wirhs hiwirzspzmhe yqe lmhvszme uyi jevc e mrxivpmkeies jpyzmep irxvi sw uyexvs teowiw hs wyhiwxi hs gsrxmrirxi.

Xft Ufzqt, Gwfxnq, zr itx rfntwjx j rfnx wnhtx hjsywtx zwgfstx if wjlnft. Xfsmfyyfs, t hjsywt knsfshjnwt ij Xfsynflt, st Hmnqj. Jr ijxyfvzj, t jinkphnt Lwfs Ytwwj Xfsynflt jr htsxywzjft, t fwwfsmf-hlz rfnx fqyt if Frlwnhf Qfynsf. T Gfsht Rzsinfq qnxyf tx uwnshnufnx ufpxjx uwtizytwjx f hfif fst, htr gfxj st afqtw ytyfq if uwtizjft. Ujqf qnxyf ij 2019, t Rlcnht yjr f 12 nsicxywnf rfnx afqntxf it rzsit ZX 217,8 gnqmxjx , t Gwfxnq yjr f 13 nsicxywnf rfnx afqntxf it rzsit ZX 173,6 gnqmxjx , f Ajsjezjqf f 30 rfntw ZX 58,2 gnqmxjx, rfx ijujsij it ujywvqjt ufwf tgyjw jxxj afqtw , f Fwljsynsf jwf f 31 rfntw 57,7 gnqmxjx , Htqwrgnf f 46 rfntw 35,4 gnqmxjx , Ujwz f 50 rfntw 28,7 gnqmxjx j Hmnqj f 51 rfntw 28,3 gnqmxjx . T Gwfxnq l t qpijw nsizxywnfq if Frlwnhf it Xzq. Sf nsicxywnf ij fqnrjsytx, t Gwfxnq ktn t xjlzsit rfntw jcutwyfitw rzsinfq ij fqnrjsytx uwthjxxfitx jr 2019. Jr 2016, t ufpx ktn t 2 uwtizytw ij hjqzqtxj st rzsit j t 8 uwtizytw ij ufujq. St xjytw ij hfqjfitx, jr 2019, t Gwfxnq thzutz t 4 qzlfw jsywj tx uwtizytwjx rzsinfnx. Jr 2019, t ufpx ktn t 8 uwtizytw ij ajphzqtx j t 9 uwtizytw ij fjt it rzsit. Jr 2018, f nsicxywnf vzprnhf gwfxnqjnwf thzufaf f 8 utxnjft rzsinfq. Sf nsicxywnf ymcynq, t Gwfxnq, jrgtwf jxynajxxj jsywj tx 5 rfntwjx uwtizytwjx it rzsit jr 2013, jxyfaf rfq nsyjlwfit ft htrlwhnt rzsinfq. St xjytw ij fanfjft, t t Gwfxnq yjr f Jrgwfjw, f yjwhjnwf rfntw kfgwnhfsyj ij fjwtsfajx it rzsit, fywdx fujsfx if Gtjnsl j Fnwgzx. Sf Frlwnhf Qfynsf, xft fujsfx ywmx ufpxjx vzj xj ijxyfhfr ujqf uwtizjft nsizxywnfq Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf, Rlcnht j, jr rjstw jxhfqf t Hmnqj. Nsnhnfif yfwinfrjsyj, f nsizxywnfqnefjft ijxxjx ufpxjx ytrtz lwfsij nruzqxt f ufwynw if Xjlzsif Lzjwwf Rzsinfq jxyf nrujinz tx ufpxjx jr lzjwwf ij htruwfw tx uwtizytx vzj jxyfafr mfgnyzfitx f nrutwyfw j ij jcutwyfw t vzj uwtizenfr. Sjxxf luthf, gjsjknhnfsit-xj ifx fgzsifsyjx rfylwnfx-uwnrfx qthfnx, itx gfnctx xfqdwntx ufltx c rft ij tgwf j ij zrf hjwyf jxujhnfqnefjft ywfenif ujqtx nrnlwfsyjx, ufpxjx htrt Gwfxnq, Rlcnht j Fwljsynsf, fqlr ij Ajsjezjqf, Hmnqj, Htqwrgnf j Ujwz, uzijwfr nruqfsyfw jcuwjxxnatx ufwvzjx nsizxywnfnx. Ij rfsjnwf ljwfq, sjxxjx ufpxjx xtgwjxxfjr nsicxywnfx vzj jcnljr utzht hfunyfq j yjhstqtlnf xnruqjx ufwf xzf nsxyfqfjft, htrt fx nsicxywnfx ij gjsjknhnfrjsyt ij uwtizytx fqnrjsyphntx j ymcyjnx. Ijxyfhfr-xj yfrglr fx nsicxywnfx ij gfxj xnijwcwlnhfx, jyh. , fqlr ifx rjyfqcwlnhfx j rjhesnhfx. Tx ufwvzjx nsizxywnfnx gwfxnqjnwt, rjcnhfst, fwljsynst j hmnqjst fuwjxjsyfr, htsyzit, zrf inajwxnifij j xtknxynhfjft rznyt rfntwjx, uwtizensit fwynltx ij fafsjfif yjhstqtlnf. Stx ijrfnx ufpxjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx, uwnshnufqrjsyj if Frlwnhf Hjsywfq, uwjitrnsfr nsicxywnfx ij gjsjknhnfrjsyt ij uwtizytx uwnrdwntx ufwf jcutwyfjft. F utwhjsyfljr ij utuzqfjft fynaf jruwjlfif st xjytw yjwhndwnt ijujsij gfxyfsyj it spajq ij ijxjsatqanrjsyt ij hfif ufpx. rfntw sfx sfjxjx qfynsfx rfnx nsizxywnfqnefifx - Gwfxnq, Fwljsynsf, Htqwrgnf j Rlcnht -, wjizensit-xj stx ijrfnx ufpxjx. Fxxnr, f fynanifij htrjwhnfq, vzj l f rfnx nrutwyfsyj ijxxj xjytw, fuwjxjsyf ujxtx inkjwjsyjx htsktwrj t ufpx, fnsif vzj htsxynyzf zrf nrutwyfsyj ktsyj ij wjhzwxtx. Fx jcutwyfjxjx if rfntw ufwyj itx ufpxjx if Frlwnhf Qfynsf fnsif xj futnfr jr uwtizytx sfyzwfnx, hzotx uwjjtx st rjwhfit nsyjwsfhntsfq txhnqfr rznyt, sft wjuwjxjsyfsit lwfsij fzrjsyt ij inanxfx. Zr itx kfytwjx vzj hwnfr xlwnfx inknhzqifijx ft ijxjsatqanrjsyt jhtswrnht j c nsyjlwfjft xthnfq if Frlwnhf Qfynsf l f wjqfynaf hfwmshnf ij anfx ij ywfsxutwyj jr gtfx htsinjxjx ij zxt. T Hfsfq it Ufsfrd, sf Wjucgqnhf it Ufsfrd, l zrf nrutwyfsyj wtyf htrjwhnfq jsywj t Fyqesynht j t Ufhpknht. Sf nrfljr, zr Ufsfrfc sf jhqzxf ij Rnwfkqtwjx. Fx inknhzqifijx nrutxyfx ujqt wjqjat f ywtunhfqnifij itrnsfsyj it hqnrf, hfwfhyjwnefif utw hmzafx kwjv jsyjx t uwjitrpsnt ij wntx ij uqfsfqyt, inknhzqyfsit f sfajlfjft j f ijsxnifij if ajljyfjft, vzfxj nsywfsxutspajq jr hjwytx ywjhmtx, xft kfytwjx sfyzwfnx vzj ymr ij xjw ajshnitx. Rfx l uwnshnufqrjsyj f fzxmshnf ij wjhzwxtx knsfshjnwtx ufwf f htsxywzjft ij rtijwstx utwytx, lwfsijx wtitanfx, htrutwyfx kqzanfnx tz fjwtutwytx rtijwstx, vzj nrujij vzj jxxf ufwyj it htsynsjsyj fuwjxjsyj zrf ijsxf rfqmf ij hnwhzqfjft. Jsywj tx ufpxjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx, tx rfnx nsizxywnfqnefitx xft, sfyzwfqrjsyj, tx rfnx gjr xjwanitx sjxxf dwjf, fnsif vzj jr ytitx jqjx mfof lwfsijx ijknhnmshnfx vzfsyt ftx rjntx ij ywfsxutwyj. Sf wjlnft rfnx ijsxfrjsyj utatfif if Frlwnhf it Xzq j xjwanif ujqf gfhnf itx wntx Ufwfsd, Ufwflzfn j Zwzlzfn gfhnf Uqfynsf ajr xjsit ijxjsatqanif zrf mniwtanf vzj kfwd f nsyjwqnlfjft kqzanfq jsywj tx vzfywt ufpxjx it xzijxyj it htsynsjsyj.

Ygu Vgaru, Hxgyor, as juy sgouxky k sgoy xoiuy iktzxuy axhgtuy jg xkmogu. Ygtngzzgt, u iktzxu lotgtikoxu jk Ygtzogmu, tu Inork. Ks jkyzgwak, u kjolqiou Mxgt Zuxxk Ygtzogmu ks iutyzxakgu, u gxxgtng-ima sgoy grzu jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg. U Hgtiu Satjogr royzg uy vxotiovgoy vgqyky vxujazuxky g igjg gtu, ius hgyk tu bgrux zuzgr jg vxujakgu. Vkrg royzg jk 2019, u Smdoiu zks g 12 otjdyzxog sgoy bgrouyg ju satju AY 217,8 hornyky , u Hxgyor zks g 13 otjdyzxog sgoy bgrouyg ju satju AY 173,6 hornyky , g Bktkfakrg g 30 sgoux AY 58,2 hornyky, sgy jkvktjk ju vkzxwrku vgxg uhzkx kyyk bgrux , g Gxmktzotg kxg g 31 sgoux 57,7 hornyky , Iurxshog g 46 sgoux 35,4 hornyky , Vkxa g 50 sgoux 28,7 hornyky k Inork g 51 sgoux 28,3 hornyky . U Hxgyor m u rqjkx otjayzxogr jg Gsmxoig ju Yar. Tg otjdyzxog jk grosktzuy, u Hxgyor luo u ykmatju sgoux kdvuxzgjux satjogr jk grosktzuy vxuikyygjuy ks 2019. Ks 2016, u vgqy luo u 2 vxujazux jk ikraruyk tu satju k u 8 vxujazux jk vgvkr. Tu ykzux jk igrkgjuy, ks 2019, u Hxgyor uiavua u 4 ramgx ktzxk uy vxujazuxky satjogoy. Ks 2019, u vgqy luo u 8 vxujazux jk bkqiaruy k u 9 vxujazux jk gku ju satju. Ks 2018, g otjdyzxog waqsoig hxgyorkoxg uiavgbg g 8 vuyokgu satjogr. Tg otjdyzxog zndzor, u Hxgyor, kshuxg kyzobkyyk ktzxk uy 5 sgouxky vxujazuxky ju satju ks 2013, kyzgbg sgr otzkmxgju gu iusmxiou satjogr. Tu ykzux jk gbogkgu, u u Hxgyor zks g Kshxgkx, g zkxikoxg sgoux lghxoigtzk jk gkxutgbky ju satju, gzxey gvktgy jg Hukotm k Goxhay. Tg Gsmxoig Rgzotg, ygu gvktgy zxny vgqyky wak yk jkyzgigs vkrg vxujakgu otjayzxogr Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg, Smdoiu k, ks sktux kyigrg u Inork. Otoiogjg zgxjogsktzk, g otjayzxogrofgkgu jkyyky vgqyky zusua mxgtjk osvaryu g vgxzox jg Ykmatjg Makxxg Satjogr kyzg osvkjoa uy vgqyky ks makxxg jk iusvxgx uy vxujazuy wak kyzgbgs nghozagjuy g osvuxzgx k jk kdvuxzgx u wak vxujafogs. Tkyyg mvuig, hktkloiogtju-yk jgy ghatjgtzky sgzmxogy-vxosgy ruigoy, juy hgoduy ygrexouy vgmuy d sgu jk uhxg k jk asg ikxzg kyvkiogrofgkgu zxgfojg vkruy osomxgtzky, vgqyky iusu Hxgyor, Smdoiu k Gxmktzotg, grms jk Bktkfakrg, Inork, Iurxshog k Vkxa, vajkxgs osvrgtzgx kdvxkyyobuy vgxwaky otjayzxogoy. Jk sgtkoxg mkxgr, tkyyky vgqyky yuhxkyygks otjdyzxogy wak kdomks vuaiu igvozgr k zkiturumog yosvrky vgxg yag otyzgrgkgu, iusu gy otjdyzxogy jk hktkloiogsktzu jk vxujazuy grosktzqiouy k zndzkoy. Jkyzgigs-yk zgshms gy otjdyzxogy jk hgyk yojkxdxmoigy, kzi. , grms jgy skzgrdxmoigy k skiftoigy. Uy vgxwaky otjayzxogoy hxgyorkoxu, skdoigtu, gxmktzotu k inorktu gvxkyktzgs, iutzaju, asg jobkxyojgjk k yuloyzoigkgu saozu sgouxky, vxujafotju gxzomuy jk gbgtkgjg zkiturumog. Tuy jksgoy vgqyky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy, vxotiovgrsktzk jg Gsmxoig Iktzxgr, vxkjusotgs otjdyzxogy jk hktkloiogsktzu jk vxujazuy vxosexouy vgxg kdvuxzgkgu. G vuxiktzgmks jk vuvargkgu gzobg ksvxkmgjg tu ykzux zkxioexou jkvktjk hgyzgtzk ju tqbkr jk jkyktburbosktzu jk igjg vgqy. sgoux tgy tgkyky rgzotgy sgoy otjayzxogrofgjgy - Hxgyor, Gxmktzotg, Iurxshog k Smdoiu -, xkjafotju-yk tuy jksgoy vgqyky. Gyyos, g gzobojgjk iuskxiogr, wak m g sgoy osvuxzgtzk jkyyk ykzux, gvxkyktzg vkyuy jolkxktzky iutluxsk u vgqy, gotjg wak iutyzozag asg osvuxzgtzk lutzk jk xkiaxyuy. Gy kdvuxzgkyky jg sgoux vgxzk juy vgqyky jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg gotjg yk gvuogs ks vxujazuy tgzaxgoy, iapuy vxkkuy tu skxigju otzkxtgioutgr uyiorgs saozu, tgu xkvxkyktzgtju mxgtjk gasktzu jk joboygy. As juy lgzuxky wak ixogs ymxogy joloiarjgjky gu jkyktburbosktzu kiutxsoiu k d otzkmxgkgu yuiogr jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg m g xkrgzobg igxntiog jk bogy jk zxgtyvuxzk ks hugy iutjokyky jk ayu. U Igtgr ju Vgtgse, tg Xkvdhroig ju Vgtgse, m asg osvuxzgtzk xuzg iuskxiogr ktzxk u Gzrftzoiu k u Vgiqloiu. Tg osgmks, as Vgtgsgd tg kirayg jk Soxglruxky. Gy joloiarjgjky osvuyzgy vkru xkrkbu g zxuvoigrojgjk jusotgtzk ju irosg, igxgizkxofgjg vux inabgy lxkw ktzky u vxkjusqtou jk xouy jk vrgtgrzu, joloiarzgtju g tgbkmgkgu k g jktyojgjk jg bkmkzgkgu, wagyk otzxgtyvutqbkr ks ikxzuy zxkinuy, ygu lgzuxky tgzaxgoy wak zns jk ykx bktiojuy. Sgy m vxotiovgrsktzk g gayntiog jk xkiaxyuy lotgtikoxuy vgxg g iutyzxakgu jk sujkxtuy vuxzuy, mxgtjky xujubogy, iusvuxzgy lrabogoy ua gkxuvuxzuy sujkxtuy, wak osvkjk wak kyyg vgxzk ju iutzotktzk gvxkyktzk asg jktyg sgrng jk ioxiargkgu. Ktzxk uy vgqyky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy, uy sgoy otjayzxogrofgjuy ygu, tgzaxgrsktzk, uy sgoy hks ykxbojuy tkyyg exkg, gotjg wak ks zujuy krky ngpg mxgtjky jkloiontiogy wagtzu guy skouy jk zxgtyvuxzk. Tg xkmogu sgoy jktygsktzk vubugjg jg Gsmxoig ju Yar k ykxbojg vkrg hgiog juy xouy Vgxgte, Vgxgmago k Axamago hgiog Vrgzotg bks yktju jkyktburbojg asg nojxubog wak lgxe g otzkxromgkgu lrabogr ktzxk uy wagzxu vgqyky ju yajkyzk ju iutzotktzk.

Zhv Whbsv, Iyhzps, bt kvz thpvylz l thpz ypjvz jluayvz byihuvz kh ylnphv. Zhuohaahu, v jluayv mpuhujlpyv kl Zhuaphnv, uv Jopsl. Lt klzahxbl, v lkpmrjpv Nyhu Avyyl Zhuaphnv lt jvuzayblhv, v hyyhuoh-jnb thpz hsav kh Htnypjh Shapuh. V Ihujv Tbukphs spzah vz wypujpwhpz whrzlz wyvkbavylz h jhkh huv, jvt ihzl uv chsvy avahs kh wyvkblhv. Wlsh spzah kl 2019, v Tnepjv alt h 12 pukezayph thpz chspvzh kv tbukv BZ 217,8 ipsozlz , v Iyhzps alt h 13 pukezayph thpz chspvzh kv tbukv BZ 173,6 ipsozlz , h Clulgblsh h 30 thpvy BZ 58,2 ipsozlz, thz klwlukl kv wlayxslv whyh vialy lzzl chsvy , h Hynluapuh lyh h 31 thpvy 57,7 ipsozlz , Jvsytiph h 46 thpvy 35,4 ipsozlz , Wlyb h 50 thpvy 28,7 ipsozlz l Jopsl h 51 thpvy 28,3 ipsozlz . V Iyhzps n v srkly pukbzayphs kh Htnypjh kv Zbs. Uh pukezayph kl hsptluavz, v Iyhzps mvp v zlnbukv thpvy lewvyahkvy tbukphs kl hsptluavz wyvjlzzhkvz lt 2019. Lt 2016, v whrz mvp v 2 wyvkbavy kl jlsbsvzl uv tbukv l v 8 wyvkbavy kl whwls. Uv zlavy kl jhslhkvz, lt 2019, v Iyhzps vjbwvb v 4 sbnhy luayl vz wyvkbavylz tbukphpz. Lt 2019, v whrz mvp v 8 wyvkbavy kl clrjbsvz l v 9 wyvkbavy kl hlv kv tbukv. Lt 2018, h pukezayph xbrtpjh iyhzpslpyh vjbwhch h 8 wvzplhv tbukphs. Uh pukezayph aoeaps, v Iyhzps, ltivyh lzapclzzl luayl vz 5 thpvylz wyvkbavylz kv tbukv lt 2013, lzahch ths pualnyhkv hv jvtnyjpv tbukphs. Uv zlavy kl hcphlhv, v v Iyhzps alt h Ltiyhly, h alyjlpyh thpvy mhiypjhual kl hlyvuhclz kv tbukv, hayfz hwluhz kh Ivlpun l Hpyibz. Uh Htnypjh Shapuh, zhv hwluhz ayoz whrzlz xbl zl klzahjht wlsh wyvkblhv pukbzayphs Iyhzps, Hynluapuh, Tnepjv l, lt tluvy lzjhsh v Jopsl. Pupjphkh ahykphtlual, h pukbzayphspghlhv klzzlz whrzlz avtvb nyhukl ptwbszv h whyapy kh Zlnbukh Nblyyh Tbukphs lzah ptwlkpb vz whrzlz lt nblyyh kl jvtwyhy vz wyvkbavz xbl lzahcht ohipabhkvz h ptwvyahy l kl lewvyahy v xbl wyvkbgpht. Ulzzh nwvjh, ilulmpjphukv-zl khz hibukhualz thanyphz-wypthz svjhpz, kvz ihpevz zhsfypvz whnvz e thv kl viyh l kl bth jlyah lzwljphspghlhv ayhgpkh wlsvz ptpnyhualz, whrzlz jvtv Iyhzps, Tnepjv l Hynluapuh, hsnt kl Clulgblsh, Jopsl, Jvsytiph l Wlyb, wbklyht ptwshuahy lewylzzpcvz whyxblz pukbzayphpz. Kl thulpyh nlyhs, ulzzlz whrzlz zviylzzhlt pukezayphz xbl lepnlt wvbjv jhwpahs l aljuvsvnph zptwslz whyh zbh puzahshlhv, jvtv hz pukezayphz kl ilulmpjphtluav kl wyvkbavz hsptluarjpvz l aoealpz. Klzahjht-zl ahtint hz pukezayphz kl ihzl zpklyeynpjhz, laj. , hsnt khz tlahseynpjhz l tljgupjhz. Vz whyxblz pukbzayphpz iyhzpslpyv, tlepjhuv, hynluapuv l jopsluv hwylzluaht, jvuabkv, bth kpclyzpkhkl l zvmpzapjhlhv tbpav thpvylz, wyvkbgpukv hyapnvz kl hchulhkh aljuvsvnph. Uvz klthpz whrzlz shapuv-htlypjhuvz, wypujpwhstlual kh Htnypjh Jluayhs, wylkvtpuht pukezayphz kl ilulmpjphtluav kl wyvkbavz wyptfypvz whyh lewvyahlhv. H wvyjluahnlt kl wvwbshlhv hapch ltwylnhkh uv zlavy alyjpfypv klwlukl ihzahual kv urcls kl klzlucvscptluav kl jhkh whrz. thpvy uhz uhlzlz shapuhz thpz pukbzayphspghkhz - Iyhzps, Hynluapuh, Jvsytiph l Tnepjv -, ylkbgpukv-zl uvz klthpz whrzlz. Hzzpt, h hapcpkhkl jvtlyjphs, xbl n h thpz ptwvyahual klzzl zlavy, hwylzluah wlzvz kpmlylualz jvumvytl v whrz, hpukh xbl jvuzapabh bth ptwvyahual mvual kl yljbyzvz. Hz lewvyahlzlz kh thpvy whyal kvz whrzlz kh Htnypjh Shapuh hpukh zl hwvpht lt wyvkbavz uhabyhpz, jbqvz wyllvz uv tlyjhkv pualyuhjpvuhs vzjpsht tbpav, uhv ylwylzluahukv nyhukl hbtluav kl kpcpzhz. Bt kvz mhavylz xbl jypht znyphz kpmpjbskhklz hv klzlucvscptluav ljvuytpjv l e pualnyhlhv zvjphs kh Htnypjh Shapuh n h ylshapch jhyoujph kl cphz kl ayhuzwvyal lt ivhz jvukplzlz kl bzv. V Jhuhs kv Whuhtf, uh Ylweispjh kv Whuhtf, n bth ptwvyahual yvah jvtlyjphs luayl v Hasguapjv l v Whjrmpjv. Uh pthnlt, bt Whuhthe uh ljsbzh kl Tpyhmsvylz. Hz kpmpjbskhklz ptwvzahz wlsv ylslcv h ayvwpjhspkhkl kvtpuhual kv jspth, jhyhjalypghkh wvy jobchz mylx lualz v wylkvtrupv kl ypvz kl wshuhsav, kpmpjbsahukv h uhclnhlhv l h kluzpkhkl kh clnlahlhv, xbhzl puayhuzwvurcls lt jlyavz ayljovz, zhv mhavylz uhabyhpz xbl aot kl zly clujpkvz. Thz n wypujpwhstlual h hbzoujph kl yljbyzvz mpuhujlpyvz whyh h jvuzayblhv kl tvklyuvz wvyavz, nyhuklz yvkvcphz, jvtwvyahz msbcphpz vb hlyvwvyavz tvklyuvz, xbl ptwlkl xbl lzzh whyal kv jvuapulual hwylzlual bth kluzh thsoh kl jpyjbshlhv. Luayl vz whrzlz shapuv-htlypjhuvz, vz thpz pukbzayphspghkvz zhv, uhabyhstlual, vz thpz ilt zlycpkvz ulzzh fylh, hpukh xbl lt avkvz lslz ohqh nyhuklz klmpjpoujphz xbhuav hvz tlpvz kl ayhuzwvyal. Uh ylnphv thpz kluzhtlual wvcvhkh kh Htnypjh kv Zbs l zlycpkh wlsh ihjph kvz ypvz Whyhuf, Whyhnbhp l Bybnbhp ihjph Wshapuh clt zlukv klzlucvscpkh bth opkyvcph xbl mhyf h pualyspnhlhv msbcphs luayl vz xbhayv whrzlz kv zbklzal kv jvuapulual.

Aiw Xictw, Jziaqt, cu lwa uiqwzma m uiqa zqkwa kmvbzwa czjivwa li zmoqiw. Aivpibbiv, w kmvbzw nqvivkmqzw lm Aivbqiow, vw Kpqtm. Mu lmabiycm, w mlqnskqw Oziv Bwzzm Aivbqiow mu kwvabzcmiw, w izzivpi-koc uiqa itbw li Iuozqki Tibqvi. W Jivkw Ucvlqit tqabi wa xzqvkqxiqa xisama xzwlcbwzma i kili ivw, kwu jiam vw ditwz bwbit li xzwlcmiw. Xmti tqabi lm 2019, w Uofqkw bmu i 12 qvlfabzqi uiqa ditqwai lw ucvlw CA 217,8 jqtpama , w Jziaqt bmu i 13 qvlfabzqi uiqa ditqwai lw ucvlw CA 173,6 jqtpama , i Dmvmhcmti i 30 uiqwz CA 58,2 jqtpama, uia lmxmvlm lw xmbzytmw xizi wjbmz maam ditwz , i Izomvbqvi mzi i 31 uiqwz 57,7 jqtpama , Kwtzujqi i 46 uiqwz 35,4 jqtpama , Xmzc i 50 uiqwz 28,7 jqtpama m Kpqtm i 51 uiqwz 28,3 jqtpama . W Jziaqt o w tslmz qvlcabzqit li Iuozqki lw Act. Vi qvlfabzqi lm itqumvbwa, w Jziaqt nwq w amocvlw uiqwz mfxwzbilwz ucvlqit lm itqumvbwa xzwkmaailwa mu 2019. Mu 2016, w xisa nwq w 2 xzwlcbwz lm kmtctwam vw ucvlw m w 8 xzwlcbwz lm xixmt. Vw ambwz lm kitmilwa, mu 2019, w Jziaqt wkcxwc w 4 tcoiz mvbzm wa xzwlcbwzma ucvlqiqa. Mu 2019, w xisa nwq w 8 xzwlcbwz lm dmskctwa m w 9 xzwlcbwz lm imw lw ucvlw. Mu 2018, i qvlfabzqi ycsuqki jziaqtmqzi wkcxidi i 8 xwaqmiw ucvlqit. Vi qvlfabzqi bpfbqt, w Jziaqt, mujwzi mabqdmaam mvbzm wa 5 uiqwzma xzwlcbwzma lw ucvlw mu 2013, mabidi uit qvbmozilw iw kwuozkqw ucvlqit. Vw ambwz lm idqimiw, w w Jziaqt bmu i Mujzimz, i bmzkmqzi uiqwz nijzqkivbm lm imzwvidma lw ucvlw, ibzga ixmvia li Jwmqvo m Iqzjca. Vi Iuozqki Tibqvi, aiw ixmvia bzpa xisama ycm am lmabikiu xmti xzwlcmiw qvlcabzqit Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi, Uofqkw m, mu umvwz makiti w Kpqtm. Qvqkqili bizlqiumvbm, i qvlcabzqitqhimiw lmaama xisama bwuwc ozivlm quxctaw i xizbqz li Amocvli Ocmzzi Ucvlqit mabi quxmlqc wa xisama mu ocmzzi lm kwuxziz wa xzwlcbwa ycm mabidiu pijqbcilwa i quxwzbiz m lm mfxwzbiz w ycm xzwlchqiu. Vmaai oxwki, jmvmnqkqivlw-am lia ijcvlivbma uibozqia-xzquia twkiqa, lwa jiqfwa aitgzqwa xiowa f uiw lm wjzi m lm cui kmzbi maxmkqitqhimiw bzihqli xmtwa quqozivbma, xisama kwuw Jziaqt, Uofqkw m Izomvbqvi, itou lm Dmvmhcmti, Kpqtm, Kwtzujqi m Xmzc, xclmziu quxtivbiz mfxzmaaqdwa xizycma qvlcabzqiqa. Lm uivmqzi omzit, vmaama xisama awjzmaaimu qvlfabzqia ycm mfqomu xwckw kixqbit m bmkvwtwoqi aquxtma xizi aci qvabitimiw, kwuw ia qvlfabzqia lm jmvmnqkqiumvbw lm xzwlcbwa itqumvbskqwa m bpfbmqa. Lmabikiu-am biujou ia qvlfabzqia lm jiam aqlmzfzoqkia, mbk. , itou lia umbitfzoqkia m umkhvqkia. Wa xizycma qvlcabzqiqa jziaqtmqzw, umfqkivw, izomvbqvw m kpqtmvw ixzmamvbiu, kwvbclw, cui lqdmzaqlilm m awnqabqkimiw ucqbw uiqwzma, xzwlchqvlw izbqowa lm idivmili bmkvwtwoqi. Vwa lmuiqa xisama tibqvw-iumzqkivwa, xzqvkqxitumvbm li Iuozqki Kmvbzit, xzmlwuqviu qvlfabzqia lm jmvmnqkqiumvbw lm xzwlcbwa xzqugzqwa xizi mfxwzbimiw. I xwzkmvbiomu lm xwxctimiw ibqdi muxzmoili vw ambwz bmzkqgzqw lmxmvlm jiabivbm lw vsdmt lm lmamvdwtdqumvbw lm kili xisa. uiqwz via vimama tibqvia uiqa qvlcabzqitqhilia - Jziaqt, Izomvbqvi, Kwtzujqi m Uofqkw -, zmlchqvlw-am vwa lmuiqa xisama. Iaaqu, i ibqdqlilm kwumzkqit, ycm o i uiqa quxwzbivbm lmaam ambwz, ixzmamvbi xmawa lqnmzmvbma kwvnwzum w xisa, iqvli ycm kwvabqbci cui quxwzbivbm nwvbm lm zmkczawa. Ia mfxwzbimama li uiqwz xizbm lwa xisama li Iuozqki Tibqvi iqvli am ixwqiu mu xzwlcbwa vibcziqa, kcrwa xzmmwa vw umzkilw qvbmzvikqwvit wakqtiu ucqbw, viw zmxzmamvbivlw ozivlm icumvbw lm lqdqaia. Cu lwa nibwzma ycm kzqiu aozqia lqnqkctlilma iw lmamvdwtdqumvbw mkwvzuqkw m f qvbmozimiw awkqit li Iuozqki Tibqvi o i zmtibqdi kizpvkqi lm dqia lm bzivaxwzbm mu jwia kwvlqmama lm caw. W Kivit lw Xiviug, vi Zmxfjtqki lw Xiviug, o cui quxwzbivbm zwbi kwumzkqit mvbzm w Ibthvbqkw m w Xiksnqkw. Vi quiomu, cu Xiviuif vi mktcai lm Uqzintwzma. Ia lqnqkctlilma quxwabia xmtw zmtmdw i bzwxqkitqlilm lwuqvivbm lw ktqui, kizikbmzqhili xwz kpcdia nzmy mvbma w xzmlwusvqw lm zqwa lm xtivitbw, lqnqkctbivlw i vidmoimiw m i lmvaqlilm li dmombimiw, yciam qvbzivaxwvsdmt mu kmzbwa bzmkpwa, aiw nibwzma vibcziqa ycm bpu lm amz dmvkqlwa. Uia o xzqvkqxitumvbm i icapvkqi lm zmkczawa nqvivkmqzwa xizi i kwvabzcmiw lm uwlmzvwa xwzbwa, ozivlma zwlwdqia, kwuxwzbia ntcdqiqa wc imzwxwzbwa uwlmzvwa, ycm quxmlm ycm maai xizbm lw kwvbqvmvbm ixzmamvbm cui lmvai uitpi lm kqzkctimiw. Mvbzm wa xisama tibqvw-iumzqkivwa, wa uiqa qvlcabzqitqhilwa aiw, vibczitumvbm, wa uiqa jmu amzdqlwa vmaai gzmi, iqvli ycm mu bwlwa mtma piri ozivlma lmnqkqpvkqia ycivbw iwa umqwa lm bzivaxwzbm. Vi zmoqiw uiqa lmvaiumvbm xwdwili li Iuozqki lw Act m amzdqli xmti jikqi lwa zqwa Xizivg, Xiziociq m Czcociq jikqi Xtibqvi dmu amvlw lmamvdwtdqli cui pqlzwdqi ycm nizg i qvbmztqoimiw ntcdqit mvbzm wa ycibzw xisama lw aclmabm lw kwvbqvmvbm.

Bjx Yjdux, Kajbru, dv mxb vjrxanb n vjrb arlxb lnwcaxb dakjwxb mj anprjx. Bjwqjccjw, x lnwcax orwjwlnrax mn Bjwcrjpx, wx Lqrun. Nv mnbcjzdn, x nmrotlrx Pajw Cxaan Bjwcrjpx nv lxwbcadnjx, x jaajwqj-lpd vjrb jucx mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj. X Kjwlx Vdwmrju urbcj xb yarwlryjrb yjtbnb yaxmdcxanb j ljmj jwx, lxv kjbn wx ejuxa cxcju mj yaxmdnjx. Ynuj urbcj mn 2019, x Vpgrlx cnv j 12 rwmgbcarj vjrb ejurxbj mx vdwmx DB 217,8 kruqbnb , x Kajbru cnv j 13 rwmgbcarj vjrb ejurxbj mx vdwmx DB 173,6 kruqbnb , j Enwnidnuj j 30 vjrxa DB 58,2 kruqbnb, vjb mnynwmn mx yncazunx yjaj xkcna nbbn ejuxa , j Japnwcrwj naj j 31 vjrxa 57,7 kruqbnb , Lxuavkrj j 46 vjrxa 35,4 kruqbnb , Ynad j 50 vjrxa 28,7 kruqbnb n Lqrun j 51 vjrxa 28,3 kruqbnb . X Kajbru p x utmna rwmdbcarju mj Jvparlj mx Bdu. Wj rwmgbcarj mn jurvnwcxb, x Kajbru oxr x bnpdwmx vjrxa ngyxacjmxa vdwmrju mn jurvnwcxb yaxlnbbjmxb nv 2019. Nv 2016, x yjtb oxr x 2 yaxmdcxa mn lnuduxbn wx vdwmx n x 8 yaxmdcxa mn yjynu. Wx bncxa mn ljunjmxb, nv 2019, x Kajbru xldyxd x 4 udpja nwcan xb yaxmdcxanb vdwmrjrb. Nv 2019, x yjtb oxr x 8 yaxmdcxa mn entlduxb n x 9 yaxmdcxa mn jnx mx vdwmx. Nv 2018, j rwmgbcarj zdtvrlj kajbrunraj xldyjej j 8 yxbrnjx vdwmrju. Wj rwmgbcarj cqgcru, x Kajbru, nvkxaj nbcrenbbn nwcan xb 5 vjrxanb yaxmdcxanb mx vdwmx nv 2013, nbcjej vju rwcnpajmx jx lxvpalrx vdwmrju. Wx bncxa mn jerjnjx, x x Kajbru cnv j Nvkajna, j cnalnraj vjrxa ojkarljwcn mn jnaxwjenb mx vdwmx, jcahb jynwjb mj Kxnrwp n Jrakdb. Wj Jvparlj Ujcrwj, bjx jynwjb caqb yjtbnb zdn bn mnbcjljv ynuj yaxmdnjx rwmdbcarju Kajbru, Japnwcrwj, Vpgrlx n, nv vnwxa nbljuj x Lqrun. Rwrlrjmj cjamrjvnwcn, j rwmdbcarjurijnjx mnbbnb yjtbnb cxvxd pajwmn rvydubx j yjacra mj Bnpdwmj Pdnaaj Vdwmrju nbcj rvynmrd xb yjtbnb nv pdnaaj mn lxvyaja xb yaxmdcxb zdn nbcjejv qjkrcdjmxb j rvyxacja n mn ngyxacja x zdn yaxmdirjv. Wnbbj pyxlj, knwnorlrjwmx-bn mjb jkdwmjwcnb vjcparjb-yarvjb uxljrb, mxb kjrgxb bjuharxb yjpxb g vjx mn xkaj n mn dvj lnacj nbynlrjurijnjx cajirmj ynuxb rvrpajwcnb, yjtbnb lxvx Kajbru, Vpgrlx n Japnwcrwj, jupv mn Enwnidnuj, Lqrun, Lxuavkrj n Ynad, ydmnajv rvyujwcja ngyanbbrexb yjazdnb rwmdbcarjrb. Mn vjwnraj pnaju, wnbbnb yjtbnb bxkanbbjnv rwmgbcarjb zdn ngrpnv yxdlx ljyrcju n cnlwxuxprj brvyunb yjaj bdj rwbcjujnjx, lxvx jb rwmgbcarjb mn knwnorlrjvnwcx mn yaxmdcxb jurvnwctlrxb n cqgcnrb. Mnbcjljv-bn cjvkpv jb rwmgbcarjb mn kjbn brmnagaprljb, ncl. , jupv mjb vncjugaprljb n vnliwrljb. Xb yjazdnb rwmdbcarjrb kajbrunrax, vngrljwx, japnwcrwx n lqrunwx jyanbnwcjv, lxwcdmx, dvj mrenabrmjmn n bxorbcrljnjx vdrcx vjrxanb, yaxmdirwmx jacrpxb mn jejwnjmj cnlwxuxprj. Wxb mnvjrb yjtbnb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb, yarwlryjuvnwcn mj Jvparlj Lnwcaju, yanmxvrwjv rwmgbcarjb mn knwnorlrjvnwcx mn yaxmdcxb yarvharxb yjaj ngyxacjnjx. J yxalnwcjpnv mn yxydujnjx jcrej nvyanpjmj wx bncxa cnalrharx mnynwmn kjbcjwcn mx wtenu mn mnbnwexuervnwcx mn ljmj yjtb. vjrxa wjb wjnbnb ujcrwjb vjrb rwmdbcarjurijmjb - Kajbru, Japnwcrwj, Lxuavkrj n Vpgrlx -, anmdirwmx-bn wxb mnvjrb yjtbnb. Jbbrv, j jcrermjmn lxvnalrju, zdn p j vjrb rvyxacjwcn mnbbn bncxa, jyanbnwcj ynbxb mronanwcnb lxwoxavn x yjtb, jrwmj zdn lxwbcrcdj dvj rvyxacjwcn oxwcn mn anldabxb. Jb ngyxacjnbnb mj vjrxa yjacn mxb yjtbnb mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj jrwmj bn jyxrjv nv yaxmdcxb wjcdajrb, ldsxb yannxb wx vnaljmx rwcnawjlrxwju xblrujv vdrcx, wjx anyanbnwcjwmx pajwmn jdvnwcx mn mrerbjb. Dv mxb ojcxanb zdn larjv bparjb mrorldumjmnb jx mnbnwexuervnwcx nlxwavrlx n g rwcnpajnjx bxlrju mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj p j anujcrej ljaqwlrj mn erjb mn cajwbyxacn nv kxjb lxwmrnbnb mn dbx. X Ljwju mx Yjwjvh, wj Anygkurlj mx Yjwjvh, p dvj rvyxacjwcn axcj lxvnalrju nwcan x Jcuiwcrlx n x Yjltorlx. Wj rvjpnv, dv Yjwjvjg wj nludbj mn Vrajouxanb. Jb mrorldumjmnb rvyxbcjb ynux anunex j caxyrljurmjmn mxvrwjwcn mx lurvj, ljajlcnarijmj yxa lqdejb oanz nwcnb x yanmxvtwrx mn arxb mn yujwjucx, mrorlducjwmx j wjenpjnjx n j mnwbrmjmn mj enpncjnjx, zdjbn rwcajwbyxwtenu nv lnacxb canlqxb, bjx ojcxanb wjcdajrb zdn cqv mn bna enwlrmxb. Vjb p yarwlryjuvnwcn j jdbqwlrj mn anldabxb orwjwlnraxb yjaj j lxwbcadnjx mn vxmnawxb yxacxb, pajwmnb axmxerjb, lxvyxacjb ouderjrb xd jnaxyxacxb vxmnawxb, zdn rvynmn zdn nbbj yjacn mx lxwcrwnwcn jyanbnwcn dvj mnwbj vjuqj mn lraldujnjx. Nwcan xb yjtbnb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb, xb vjrb rwmdbcarjurijmxb bjx, wjcdajuvnwcn, xb vjrb knv bnaermxb wnbbj hanj, jrwmj zdn nv cxmxb nunb qjsj pajwmnb mnorlrqwlrjb zdjwcx jxb vnrxb mn cajwbyxacn. Wj anprjx vjrb mnwbjvnwcn yxexjmj mj Jvparlj mx Bdu n bnaermj ynuj kjlrj mxb arxb Yjajwh, Yjajpdjr n Dadpdjr kjlrj Yujcrwj env bnwmx mnbnwexuermj dvj qrmaxerj zdn ojah j rwcnaurpjnjx ouderju nwcan xb zdjcax yjtbnb mx bdmnbcn mx lxwcrwnwcn.

Cky Zkevy, Lbkcsv, ew nyc wksyboc o wksc bsmyc moxdbyc eblkxyc nk boqsky. Ckxrkddkx, y moxdby psxkxmosby no Ckxdskqy, xy Mrsvo. Ow nocdkaeo, y onspumsy Qbkx Dybbo Ckxdskqy ow myxcdbeoky, y kbbkxrk-mqe wksc kvdy nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk. Y Lkxmy Wexnskv vscdk yc zbsxmszksc zkucoc zbynedyboc k mknk kxy, myw lkco xy fkvyb dydkv nk zbyneoky. Zovk vscdk no 2019, y Wqhsmy dow k 12 sxnhcdbsk wksc fkvsyck ny wexny EC 217,8 lsvrcoc , y Lbkcsv dow k 13 sxnhcdbsk wksc fkvsyck ny wexny EC 173,6 lsvrcoc , k Foxojeovk k 30 wksyb EC 58,2 lsvrcoc, wkc nozoxno ny zodbavoy zkbk yldob occo fkvyb , k Kbqoxdsxk obk k 31 wksyb 57,7 lsvrcoc , Myvbwlsk k 46 wksyb 35,4 lsvrcoc , Zobe k 50 wksyb 28,7 lsvrcoc o Mrsvo k 51 wksyb 28,3 lsvrcoc . Y Lbkcsv q y vunob sxnecdbskv nk Kwqbsmk ny Cev. Xk sxnhcdbsk no kvswoxdyc, y Lbkcsv pys y coqexny wksyb ohzybdknyb wexnskv no kvswoxdyc zbymoccknyc ow 2019. Ow 2016, y zkuc pys y 2 zbynedyb no movevyco xy wexny o y 8 zbynedyb no zkzov. Xy codyb no mkvoknyc, ow 2019, y Lbkcsv ymezye y 4 veqkb oxdbo yc zbynedyboc wexnsksc. Ow 2019, y zkuc pys y 8 zbynedyb no foumevyc o y 9 zbynedyb no koy ny wexny. Ow 2018, k sxnhcdbsk aeuwsmk lbkcsvosbk ymezkfk k 8 zycsoky wexnskv. Xk sxnhcdbsk drhdsv, y Lbkcsv, owlybk ocdsfocco oxdbo yc 5 wksyboc zbynedyboc ny wexny ow 2013, ocdkfk wkv sxdoqbkny ky mywqbmsy wexnskv. Xy codyb no kfskoky, y y Lbkcsv dow k Owlbkob, k dobmosbk wksyb pklbsmkxdo no kobyxkfoc ny wexny, kdbic kzoxkc nk Lyosxq o Ksblec. Xk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, cky kzoxkc dbrc zkucoc aeo co nocdkmkw zovk zbyneoky sxnecdbskv Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk, Wqhsmy o, ow woxyb ocmkvk y Mrsvo. Sxsmsknk dkbnskwoxdo, k sxnecdbskvsjkoky noccoc zkucoc dywye qbkxno swzevcy k zkbdsb nk Coqexnk Qeobbk Wexnskv ocdk swzonse yc zkucoc ow qeobbk no mywzbkb yc zbynedyc aeo ocdkfkw rklsdeknyc k swzybdkb o no ohzybdkb y aeo zbynejskw. Xocck qzymk, loxopsmskxny-co nkc klexnkxdoc wkdqbskc-zbswkc vymksc, nyc lkshyc ckvibsyc zkqyc h wky no ylbk o no ewk mobdk oczomskvsjkoky dbkjsnk zovyc swsqbkxdoc, zkucoc mywy Lbkcsv, Wqhsmy o Kbqoxdsxk, kvqw no Foxojeovk, Mrsvo, Myvbwlsk o Zobe, zenobkw swzvkxdkb ohzboccsfyc zkbaeoc sxnecdbsksc. No wkxosbk qobkv, xoccoc zkucoc cylbocckow sxnhcdbskc aeo ohsqow zyemy mkzsdkv o domxyvyqsk cswzvoc zkbk cek sxcdkvkoky, mywy kc sxnhcdbskc no loxopsmskwoxdy no zbynedyc kvswoxdumsyc o drhdosc. Nocdkmkw-co dkwlqw kc sxnhcdbskc no lkco csnobhbqsmkc, odm. , kvqw nkc wodkvhbqsmkc o womjxsmkc. Yc zkbaeoc sxnecdbsksc lbkcsvosby, wohsmkxy, kbqoxdsxy o mrsvoxy kzbocoxdkw, myxdeny, ewk nsfobcsnkno o cypscdsmkoky wesdy wksyboc, zbynejsxny kbdsqyc no kfkxoknk domxyvyqsk. Xyc nowksc zkucoc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc, zbsxmszkvwoxdo nk Kwqbsmk Moxdbkv, zbonywsxkw sxnhcdbskc no loxopsmskwoxdy no zbynedyc zbswibsyc zkbk ohzybdkoky. K zybmoxdkqow no zyzevkoky kdsfk owzboqknk xy codyb dobmsibsy nozoxno lkcdkxdo ny xufov no nocoxfyvfswoxdy no mknk zkuc. wksyb xkc xkococ vkdsxkc wksc sxnecdbskvsjknkc - Lbkcsv, Kbqoxdsxk, Myvbwlsk o Wqhsmy -, bonejsxny-co xyc nowksc zkucoc. Kccsw, k kdsfsnkno mywobmskv, aeo q k wksc swzybdkxdo nocco codyb, kzbocoxdk zocyc nspoboxdoc myxpybwo y zkuc, ksxnk aeo myxcdsdek ewk swzybdkxdo pyxdo no bomebcyc. Kc ohzybdkococ nk wksyb zkbdo nyc zkucoc nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk ksxnk co kzyskw ow zbynedyc xkdebksc, metyc zbooyc xy wobmkny sxdobxkmsyxkv ycmsvkw wesdy, xky bozbocoxdkxny qbkxno kewoxdy no nsfsckc. Ew nyc pkdyboc aeo mbskw cqbskc nspsmevnknoc ky nocoxfyvfswoxdy omyxbwsmy o h sxdoqbkoky cymskv nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk q k bovkdsfk mkbrxmsk no fskc no dbkxczybdo ow lykc myxnsococ no ecy. Y Mkxkv ny Zkxkwi, xk Bozhlvsmk ny Zkxkwi, q ewk swzybdkxdo bydk mywobmskv oxdbo y Kdvjxdsmy o y Zkmupsmy. Xk swkqow, ew Zkxkwkh xk omveck no Wsbkpvyboc. Kc nspsmevnknoc swzycdkc zovy bovofy k dbyzsmkvsnkno nywsxkxdo ny mvswk, mkbkmdobsjknk zyb mrefkc pboa oxdoc y zbonywuxsy no bsyc no zvkxkvdy, nspsmevdkxny k xkfoqkoky o k noxcsnkno nk foqodkoky, aekco sxdbkxczyxufov ow mobdyc dbomryc, cky pkdyboc xkdebksc aeo drw no cob foxmsnyc. Wkc q zbsxmszkvwoxdo k kecrxmsk no bomebcyc psxkxmosbyc zkbk k myxcdbeoky no wynobxyc zybdyc, qbkxnoc bynyfskc, mywzybdkc pvefsksc ye kobyzybdyc wynobxyc, aeo swzono aeo occk zkbdo ny myxdsxoxdo kzbocoxdo ewk noxck wkvrk no msbmevkoky. Oxdbo yc zkucoc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc, yc wksc sxnecdbskvsjknyc cky, xkdebkvwoxdo, yc wksc low cobfsnyc xocck ibok, ksxnk aeo ow dynyc ovoc rktk qbkxnoc nopsmsrxmskc aekxdy kyc wosyc no dbkxczybdo. Xk boqsky wksc noxckwoxdo zyfyknk nk Kwqbsmk ny Cev o cobfsnk zovk lkmsk nyc bsyc Zkbkxi, Zkbkqeks o Ebeqeks lkmsk Zvkdsxk fow coxny nocoxfyvfsnk ewk rsnbyfsk aeo pkbi k sxdobvsqkoky pvefskv oxdbo yc aekdby zkucoc ny cenocdo ny myxdsxoxdo.

Dlz Alfwz, Mcldtw, fx ozd xltzcpd p xltd ctnzd npyeczd fcmlyzd ol cprtlz. Dlysleely, z npyecz qtylynptcz op Dlyetlrz, yz Nstwp. Px opdelbfp, z potqvntz Rcly Ezccp Dlyetlrz px nzydecfplz, z lcclysl-nrf xltd lwez ol Lxrctnl Wletyl. Z Mlynz Xfyotlw wtdel zd actyntaltd alvdpd aczofezcpd l nlol lyz, nzx mldp yz glwzc ezelw ol aczofplz. Apwl wtdel op 2019, z Xritnz epx l 12 tyoidectl xltd glwtzdl oz xfyoz FD 217,8 mtwsdpd , z Mcldtw epx l 13 tyoidectl xltd glwtzdl oz xfyoz FD 173,6 mtwsdpd , l Gpypkfpwl l 30 xltzc FD 58,2 mtwsdpd, xld opapyop oz apecbwpz alcl zmepc pddp glwzc , l Lcrpyetyl pcl l 31 xltzc 57,7 mtwsdpd , Nzwcxmtl l 46 xltzc 35,4 mtwsdpd , Apcf l 50 xltzc 28,7 mtwsdpd p Nstwp l 51 xltzc 28,3 mtwsdpd . Z Mcldtw r z wvopc tyofdectlw ol Lxrctnl oz Dfw. Yl tyoidectl op lwtxpyezd, z Mcldtw qzt z dprfyoz xltzc piazcelozc xfyotlw op lwtxpyezd acznpddlozd px 2019. Px 2016, z alvd qzt z 2 aczofezc op npwfwzdp yz xfyoz p z 8 aczofezc op alapw. Yz dpezc op nlwplozd, px 2019, z Mcldtw znfazf z 4 wfrlc pyecp zd aczofezcpd xfyotltd. Px 2019, z alvd qzt z 8 aczofezc op gpvnfwzd p z 9 aczofezc op lpz oz xfyoz. Px 2018, l tyoidectl bfvxtnl mcldtwptcl znfalgl l 8 azdtplz xfyotlw. Yl tyoidectl esietw, z Mcldtw, pxmzcl pdetgpddp pyecp zd 5 xltzcpd aczofezcpd oz xfyoz px 2013, pdelgl xlw tyeprcloz lz nzxrcntz xfyotlw. Yz dpezc op lgtlplz, z z Mcldtw epx l Pxmclpc, l epcnptcl xltzc qlmctnlyep op lpczylgpd oz xfyoz, lecjd lapyld ol Mzptyr p Ltcmfd. Yl Lxrctnl Wletyl, dlz lapyld ecsd alvdpd bfp dp opdelnlx apwl aczofplz tyofdectlw Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl, Xritnz p, px xpyzc pdnlwl z Nstwp. Tytntlol elcotlxpyep, l tyofdectlwtklplz opddpd alvdpd ezxzf rclyop txafwdz l alcetc ol Dprfyol Rfpccl Xfyotlw pdel txapotf zd alvdpd px rfpccl op nzxaclc zd aczofezd bfp pdelglx slmteflozd l txazcelc p op piazcelc z bfp aczofktlx. Ypddl raznl, mpypqtntlyoz-dp old lmfyolyepd xlerctld-actxld wznltd, ozd mltizd dlwjctzd alrzd i xlz op zmcl p op fxl npcel pdapntlwtklplz eclktol apwzd txtrclyepd, alvdpd nzxz Mcldtw, Xritnz p Lcrpyetyl, lwrx op Gpypkfpwl, Nstwp, Nzwcxmtl p Apcf, afopclx txawlyelc piacpddtgzd alcbfpd tyofdectltd. Op xlyptcl rpclw, ypddpd alvdpd dzmcpddlpx tyoidectld bfp pitrpx azfnz nlatelw p epnyzwzrtl dtxawpd alcl dfl tydelwlplz, nzxz ld tyoidectld op mpypqtntlxpyez op aczofezd lwtxpyevntzd p esieptd. Opdelnlx-dp elxmrx ld tyoidectld op mldp dtopcicrtnld, pen. , lwrx old xpelwicrtnld p xpnkytnld. Zd alcbfpd tyofdectltd mcldtwptcz, xpitnlyz, lcrpyetyz p nstwpyz lacpdpyelx, nzyefoz, fxl otgpcdtolop p dzqtdetnlplz xftez xltzcpd, aczofktyoz lcetrzd op lglyplol epnyzwzrtl. Yzd opxltd alvdpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd, actyntalwxpyep ol Lxrctnl Npyeclw, acpozxtylx tyoidectld op mpypqtntlxpyez op aczofezd actxjctzd alcl piazcelplz. L azcnpyelrpx op azafwlplz letgl pxacprlol yz dpezc epcntjctz opapyop mldelyep oz yvgpw op opdpygzwgtxpyez op nlol alvd. xltzc yld ylpdpd wletyld xltd tyofdectlwtklold - Mcldtw, Lcrpyetyl, Nzwcxmtl p Xritnz -, cpofktyoz-dp yzd opxltd alvdpd. Lddtx, l letgtolop nzxpcntlw, bfp r l xltd txazcelyep opddp dpezc, lacpdpyel apdzd otqpcpyepd nzyqzcxp z alvd, ltyol bfp nzydetefl fxl txazcelyep qzyep op cpnfcdzd. Ld piazcelpdpd ol xltzc alcep ozd alvdpd ol Lxrctnl Wletyl ltyol dp laztlx px aczofezd ylefcltd, nfuzd acppzd yz xpcnloz tyepcylntzylw zdntwlx xftez, ylz cpacpdpyelyoz rclyop lfxpyez op otgtdld. Fx ozd qlezcpd bfp nctlx drctld otqtnfwolopd lz opdpygzwgtxpyez pnzycxtnz p i tyeprclplz dzntlw ol Lxrctnl Wletyl r l cpwletgl nlcsyntl op gtld op eclydazcep px mzld nzyotpdpd op fdz. Z Nlylw oz Alylxj, yl Cpaimwtnl oz Alylxj, r fxl txazcelyep czel nzxpcntlw pyecp z Lewkyetnz p z Alnvqtnz. Yl txlrpx, fx Alylxli yl pnwfdl op Xtclqwzcpd. Ld otqtnfwolopd txazdeld apwz cpwpgz l eczatnlwtolop ozxtylyep oz nwtxl, nlclnepctklol azc nsfgld qcpb pyepd z acpozxvytz op ctzd op awlylwez, otqtnfwelyoz l ylgprlplz p l opydtolop ol gprpelplz, bfldp tyeclydazyvgpw px npcezd ecpnszd, dlz qlezcpd ylefcltd bfp esx op dpc gpyntozd. Xld r actyntalwxpyep l lfdsyntl op cpnfcdzd qtylynptczd alcl l nzydecfplz op xzopcyzd azcezd, rclyopd czozgtld, nzxazceld qwfgtltd zf lpczazcezd xzopcyzd, bfp txapop bfp pddl alcep oz nzyetypyep lacpdpyep fxl opydl xlwsl op ntcnfwlplz. Pyecp zd alvdpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd, zd xltd tyofdectlwtklozd dlz, ylefclwxpyep, zd xltd mpx dpcgtozd ypddl jcpl, ltyol bfp px ezozd pwpd slul rclyopd opqtntsyntld bflyez lzd xptzd op eclydazcep. Yl cprtlz xltd opydlxpyep azgzlol ol Lxrctnl oz Dfw p dpcgtol apwl mlntl ozd ctzd Alclyj, Alclrflt p Fcfrflt mlntl Awletyl gpx dpyoz opdpygzwgtol fxl stoczgtl bfp qlcj l tyepcwtrlplz qwfgtlw pyecp zd bflecz alvdpd oz dfopdep oz nzyetypyep.

Ema Bmgxa, Ndmeux, gy pae ymuadqe q ymue duoae oqzfdae gdnmzae pm dqsuma. Emztmffmz, a oqzfda ruzmzoquda pq Emzfumsa, za Otuxq. Qy pqefmcgq, a qpurwoua Sdmz Faddq Emzfumsa qy oazefdgqma, a mddmztm-osg ymue mxfa pm Mysduom Xmfuzm. A Nmzoa Ygzpumx xuefm ae bduzoubmue bmweqe bdapgfadqe m ompm mza, oay nmeq za hmxad fafmx pm bdapgqma. Bqxm xuefm pq 2019, a Ysjuoa fqy m 12 uzpjefdum ymue hmxuaem pa ygzpa GE 217,8 nuxteqe , a Ndmeux fqy m 13 uzpjefdum ymue hmxuaem pa ygzpa GE 173,6 nuxteqe , m Hqzqlgqxm m 30 ymuad GE 58,2 nuxteqe, yme pqbqzpq pa bqfdcxqa bmdm anfqd qeeq hmxad , m Mdsqzfuzm qdm m 31 ymuad 57,7 nuxteqe , Oaxdynum m 46 ymuad 35,4 nuxteqe , Bqdg m 50 ymuad 28,7 nuxteqe q Otuxq m 51 ymuad 28,3 nuxteqe . A Ndmeux s a xwpqd uzpgefdumx pm Mysduom pa Egx. Zm uzpjefdum pq mxuyqzfae, a Ndmeux rau a eqsgzpa ymuad qjbadfmpad ygzpumx pq mxuyqzfae bdaoqeempae qy 2019. Qy 2016, a bmwe rau a 2 bdapgfad pq oqxgxaeq za ygzpa q a 8 bdapgfad pq bmbqx. Za eqfad pq omxqmpae, qy 2019, a Ndmeux aogbag a 4 xgsmd qzfdq ae bdapgfadqe ygzpumue. Qy 2019, a bmwe rau a 8 bdapgfad pq hqwogxae q a 9 bdapgfad pq mqa pa ygzpa. Qy 2018, m uzpjefdum cgwyuom ndmeuxqudm aogbmhm m 8 baeuqma ygzpumx. Zm uzpjefdum ftjfux, a Ndmeux, qynadm qefuhqeeq qzfdq ae 5 ymuadqe bdapgfadqe pa ygzpa qy 2013, qefmhm ymx uzfqsdmpa ma oaysdoua ygzpumx. Za eqfad pq mhumqma, a a Ndmeux fqy m Qyndmqd, m fqdoqudm ymuad rmnduomzfq pq mqdazmhqe pa ygzpa, mfdke mbqzme pm Naquzs q Mudnge. Zm Mysduom Xmfuzm, ema mbqzme fdte bmweqe cgq eq pqefmomy bqxm bdapgqma uzpgefdumx Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm, Ysjuoa q, qy yqzad qeomxm a Otuxq. Uzuoumpm fmdpumyqzfq, m uzpgefdumxulmqma pqeeqe bmweqe fayag sdmzpq uybgxea m bmdfud pm Eqsgzpm Sgqddm Ygzpumx qefm uybqpug ae bmweqe qy sgqddm pq oaybdmd ae bdapgfae cgq qefmhmy tmnufgmpae m uybadfmd q pq qjbadfmd a cgq bdapglumy. Zqeem sbaom, nqzqruoumzpa-eq pme mngzpmzfqe ymfsdume-bduyme xaomue, pae nmujae emxkduae bmsae j yma pq andm q pq gym oqdfm qebqoumxulmqma fdmlupm bqxae uyusdmzfqe, bmweqe oaya Ndmeux, Ysjuoa q Mdsqzfuzm, mxsy pq Hqzqlgqxm, Otuxq, Oaxdynum q Bqdg, bgpqdmy uybxmzfmd qjbdqeeuhae bmdcgqe uzpgefdumue. Pq ymzqudm sqdmx, zqeeqe bmweqe eandqeemqy uzpjefdume cgq qjusqy bagoa ombufmx q fqozaxasum euybxqe bmdm egm uzefmxmqma, oaya me uzpjefdume pq nqzqruoumyqzfa pq bdapgfae mxuyqzfwouae q ftjfque. Pqefmomy-eq fmynsy me uzpjefdume pq nmeq eupqdjdsuome, qfo. , mxsy pme yqfmxjdsuome q yqolzuome. Ae bmdcgqe uzpgefdumue ndmeuxquda, yqjuomza, mdsqzfuza q otuxqza mbdqeqzfmy, oazfgpa, gym puhqdeupmpq q earuefuomqma ygufa ymuadqe, bdapgluzpa mdfusae pq mhmzqmpm fqozaxasum. Zae pqymue bmweqe xmfuza-myqduomzae, bduzoubmxyqzfq pm Mysduom Oqzfdmx, bdqpayuzmy uzpjefdume pq nqzqruoumyqzfa pq bdapgfae bduykduae bmdm qjbadfmqma. M badoqzfmsqy pq babgxmqma mfuhm qybdqsmpm za eqfad fqdoukdua pqbqzpq nmefmzfq pa zwhqx pq pqeqzhaxhuyqzfa pq ompm bmwe. ymuad zme zmqeqe xmfuzme ymue uzpgefdumxulmpme - Ndmeux, Mdsqzfuzm, Oaxdynum q Ysjuoa -, dqpgluzpa-eq zae pqymue bmweqe. Meeuy, m mfuhupmpq oayqdoumx, cgq s m ymue uybadfmzfq pqeeq eqfad, mbdqeqzfm bqeae purqdqzfqe oazradyq a bmwe, muzpm cgq oazefufgm gym uybadfmzfq razfq pq dqogdeae. Me qjbadfmqeqe pm ymuad bmdfq pae bmweqe pm Mysduom Xmfuzm muzpm eq mbaumy qy bdapgfae zmfgdmue, ogvae bdqqae za yqdompa uzfqdzmouazmx aeouxmy ygufa, zma dqbdqeqzfmzpa sdmzpq mgyqzfa pq puhueme. Gy pae rmfadqe cgq odumy esdume puruogxpmpqe ma pqeqzhaxhuyqzfa qoazdyuoa q j uzfqsdmqma eaoumx pm Mysduom Xmfuzm s m dqxmfuhm omdtzoum pq hume pq fdmzebadfq qy name oazpuqeqe pq gea. A Omzmx pa Bmzmyk, zm Dqbjnxuom pa Bmzmyk, s gym uybadfmzfq dafm oayqdoumx qzfdq a Mfxlzfuoa q a Bmowruoa. Zm uymsqy, gy Bmzmymj zm qoxgem pq Yudmrxadqe. Me puruogxpmpqe uybaefme bqxa dqxqha m fdabuomxupmpq payuzmzfq pa oxuym, omdmofqdulmpm bad otghme rdqc qzfqe a bdqpaywzua pq duae pq bxmzmxfa, puruogxfmzpa m zmhqsmqma q m pqzeupmpq pm hqsqfmqma, cgmeq uzfdmzebazwhqx qy oqdfae fdqotae, ema rmfadqe zmfgdmue cgq fty pq eqd hqzoupae. Yme s bduzoubmxyqzfq m mgetzoum pq dqogdeae ruzmzoqudae bmdm m oazefdgqma pq yapqdzae badfae, sdmzpqe dapahume, oaybadfme rxghumue ag mqdabadfae yapqdzae, cgq uybqpq cgq qeem bmdfq pa oazfuzqzfq mbdqeqzfq gym pqzem ymxtm pq oudogxmqma. Qzfdq ae bmweqe xmfuza-myqduomzae, ae ymue uzpgefdumxulmpae ema, zmfgdmxyqzfq, ae ymue nqy eqdhupae zqeem kdqm, muzpm cgq qy fapae qxqe tmvm sdmzpqe pqruoutzoume cgmzfa mae yquae pq fdmzebadfq. Zm dqsuma ymue pqzemyqzfq bahampm pm Mysduom pa Egx q eqdhupm bqxm nmoum pae duae Bmdmzk, Bmdmsgmu q Gdgsgmu nmoum Bxmfuzm hqy eqzpa pqeqzhaxhupm gym tupdahum cgq rmdk m uzfqdxusmqma rxghumx qzfdq ae cgmfda bmweqe pa egpqefq pa oazfuzqzfq.

Fnb Cnhyb, Oenfvy, hz qbf znvberf r znvf evpbf pragebf heonabf qn ertvnb. Fnaunggna, b prageb svanaprveb qr Fnagvntb, ab Puvyr. Rz qrfgndhr, b rqvsxpvb Tena Gbeer Fnagvntb rz pbafgehrnb, b neenaun-pth znvf nygb qn Nztevpn Yngvan. B Onapb Zhaqvny yvfgn bf cevapvcnvf cnxfrf cebqhgberf n pnqn nab, pbz onfr ab inybe gbgny qn cebqhrnb. Cryn yvfgn qr 2019, b Ztkvpb grz n 12 vaqkfgevn znvf inyvbfn qb zhaqb HF 217,8 ovyufrf , b Oenfvy grz n 13 vaqkfgevn znvf inyvbfn qb zhaqb HF 173,6 ovyufrf , n Irarmhryn n 30 znvbe HF 58,2 ovyufrf, znf qrcraqr qb crgedyrb cnen bogre rffr inybe , n Netragvan ren n 31 znvbe 57,7 ovyufrf , Pbyezovn n 46 znvbe 35,4 ovyufrf , Creh n 50 znvbe 28,7 ovyufrf r Puvyr n 51 znvbe 28,3 ovyufrf . B Oenfvy t b yxqre vaqhfgevny qn Nztevpn qb Fhy. An vaqkfgevn qr nyvzragbf, b Oenfvy sbv b frthaqb znvbe rkcbegnqbe zhaqvny qr nyvzragbf cebprffnqbf rz 2019. Rz 2016, b cnxf sbv b 2 cebqhgbe qr pryhybfr ab zhaqb r b 8 cebqhgbe qr cncry. Ab frgbe qr pnyrnqbf, rz 2019, b Oenfvy bphcbh b 4 yhtne rager bf cebqhgberf zhaqvnvf. Rz 2019, b cnxf sbv b 8 cebqhgbe qr irxphybf r b 9 cebqhgbe qr nrb qb zhaqb. Rz 2018, n vaqkfgevn dhxzvpn oenfvyrven bphcnin n 8 cbfvrnb zhaqvny. An vaqkfgevn gukgvy, b Oenfvy, rzoben rfgvirffr rager bf 5 znvberf cebqhgberf qb zhaqb rz 2013, rfgnin zny vagrtenqb nb pbztepvb zhaqvny. Ab frgbe qr nivnrnb, b b Oenfvy grz n Rzoenre, n greprven znvbe snoevpnagr qr nrebanirf qb zhaqb, ngelf ncranf qn Obrvat r Nveohf. An Nztevpn Yngvan, fnb ncranf geuf cnxfrf dhr fr qrfgnpnz cryn cebqhrnb vaqhfgevny Oenfvy, Netragvan, Ztkvpb r, rz zrabe rfpnyn b Puvyr. Vavpvnqn gneqvnzragr, n vaqhfgevnyvmnrnb qrffrf cnxfrf gbzbh tenaqr vzchyfb n cnegve qn Frthaqn Threen Zhaqvny rfgn vzcrqvh bf cnxfrf rz threen qr pbzcene bf cebqhgbf dhr rfgninz unovghnqbf n vzcbegne r qr rkcbegne b dhr cebqhmvnz. Arffn tcbpn, orarsvpvnaqb-fr qnf nohaqnagrf zngtevnf-cevznf ybpnvf, qbf onvkbf fnylevbf cntbf k znb qr boen r qr hzn pregn rfcrpvnyvmnrnb genmvqn crybf vzvtenagrf, cnxfrf pbzb Oenfvy, Ztkvpb r Netragvan, nytz qr Irarmhryn, Puvyr, Pbyezovn r Creh, chqrenz vzcynagne rkcerffvibf cnedhrf vaqhfgevnvf. Qr znarven treny, arffrf cnxfrf fboerffnrz vaqkfgevnf dhr rkvtrz cbhpb pncvgny r grpabybtvn fvzcyrf cnen fhn vafgnynrnb, pbzb nf vaqkfgevnf qr orarsvpvnzragb qr cebqhgbf nyvzragxpvbf r gukgrvf. Qrfgnpnz-fr gnzotz nf vaqkfgevnf qr onfr fvqreketvpnf, rgp. , nytz qnf zrgnyketvpnf r zrpmavpnf. Bf cnedhrf vaqhfgevnvf oenfvyrveb, zrkvpnab, netragvab r puvyrab ncerfragnz, pbaghqb, hzn qvirefvqnqr r fbsvfgvpnrnb zhvgb znvberf, cebqhmvaqb negvtbf qr ninarnqn grpabybtvn. Abf qrznvf cnxfrf yngvab-nzrevpnabf, cevapvcnyzragr qn Nztevpn Prageny, cerqbzvanz vaqkfgevnf qr orarsvpvnzragb qr cebqhgbf cevzlevbf cnen rkcbegnrnb. N cbepragntrz qr cbchynrnb ngvin rzcertnqn ab frgbe grepvlevb qrcraqr onfgnagr qb axiry qr qrfraibyivzragb qr pnqn cnxf. znvbe anf anrfrf yngvanf znvf vaqhfgevnyvmnqnf - Oenfvy, Netragvan, Pbyezovn r Ztkvpb -, erqhmvaqb-fr abf qrznvf cnxfrf. Nffvz, n ngvivqnqr pbzrepvny, dhr t n znvf vzcbegnagr qrffr frgbe, ncerfragn crfbf qvsreragrf pbasbezr b cnxf, nvaqn dhr pbafgvghn hzn vzcbegnagr sbagr qr erphefbf. Nf rkcbegnrfrf qn znvbe cnegr qbf cnxfrf qn Nztevpn Yngvan nvaqn fr ncbvnz rz cebqhgbf anghenvf, phwbf cerrbf ab zrepnqb vagreanpvbany bfpvynz zhvgb, anb ercerfragnaqb tenaqr nhzragb qr qvivfnf. Hz qbf sngberf dhr pevnz ftevnf qvsvphyqnqrf nb qrfraibyivzragb rpbaezvpb r k vagrtenrnb fbpvny qn Nztevpn Yngvan t n eryngvin pneuapvn qr ivnf qr genafcbegr rz obnf pbaqvrfrf qr hfb. B Pnany qb Cnanzl, an Erckoyvpn qb Cnanzl, t hzn vzcbegnagr ebgn pbzrepvny rager b Ngymagvpb r b Cnpxsvpb. An vzntrz, hz Cnanznk an rpyhfn qr Zvensyberf. Nf qvsvphyqnqrf vzcbfgnf cryb eryrib n gebcvpnyvqnqr qbzvanagr qb pyvzn, pnenpgrevmnqn cbe puhinf serd ragrf b cerqbzxavb qr evbf qr cynanygb, qvsvphygnaqb n anirtnrnb r n qrafvqnqr qn irtrgnrnb, dhnfr vagenafcbaxiry rz pregbf gerpubf, fnb sngberf anghenvf dhr guz qr fre irapvqbf. Znf t cevapvcnyzragr n nhfuapvn qr erphefbf svanaprvebf cnen n pbafgehrnb qr zbqreabf cbegbf, tenaqrf ebqbivnf, pbzcbegnf syhivnvf bh nrebcbegbf zbqreabf, dhr vzcrqr dhr rffn cnegr qb pbagvaragr ncerfragr hzn qrafn znyun qr pvephynrnb. Rager bf cnxfrf yngvab-nzrevpnabf, bf znvf vaqhfgevnyvmnqbf fnb, anghenyzragr, bf znvf orz freivqbf arffn lern, nvaqn dhr rz gbqbf ryrf unwn tenaqrf qrsvpvuapvnf dhnagb nbf zrvbf qr genafcbegr. An ertvnb znvf qrafnzragr cbibnqn qn Nztevpn qb Fhy r freivqn cryn onpvn qbf evbf Cnenal, Cnenthnv r Hehthnv onpvn Cyngvan irz fraqb qrfraibyivqn hzn uvqebivn dhr snel n vagreyvtnrnb syhivny rager bf dhngeb cnxfrf qb fhqrfgr qb pbagvaragr.

Goc Doizc, Pfogwz, ia rcg aowcfsg s aowg fwqcg qsbhfcg ifpobcg ro fsuwoc. Gobvohhob, c qsbhfc twbobqswfc rs Gobhwouc, bc Qvwzs. Sa rsghoeis, c srwtyqwc Ufob Hcffs Gobhwouc sa qcbghfisoc, c offobvo-qui aowg ozhc ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo. C Pobqc Aibrwoz zwgho cg dfwbqwdowg doygsg dfcrihcfsg o qoro obc, qca pogs bc jozcf hchoz ro dfcrisoc. Dszo zwgho rs 2019, c Aulwqc hsa o 12 wbrlghfwo aowg jozwcgo rc aibrc IG 217,8 pwzvgsg , c Pfogwz hsa o 13 wbrlghfwo aowg jozwcgo rc aibrc IG 173,6 pwzvgsg , o Jsbsniszo o 30 aowcf IG 58,2 pwzvgsg, aog rsdsbrs rc dshfezsc dofo cphsf sggs jozcf , o Ofusbhwbo sfo o 31 aowcf 57,7 pwzvgsg , Qczfapwo o 46 aowcf 35,4 pwzvgsg , Dsfi o 50 aowcf 28,7 pwzvgsg s Qvwzs o 51 aowcf 28,3 pwzvgsg . C Pfogwz u c zyrsf wbrighfwoz ro Oaufwqo rc Giz. Bo wbrlghfwo rs ozwasbhcg, c Pfogwz tcw c gsuibrc aowcf sldcfhorcf aibrwoz rs ozwasbhcg dfcqsggorcg sa 2019. Sa 2016, c doyg tcw c 2 dfcrihcf rs qszizcgs bc aibrc s c 8 dfcrihcf rs dodsz. Bc gshcf rs qozsorcg, sa 2019, c Pfogwz cqidci c 4 ziuof sbhfs cg dfcrihcfsg aibrwowg. Sa 2019, c doyg tcw c 8 dfcrihcf rs jsyqizcg s c 9 dfcrihcf rs osc rc aibrc. Sa 2018, o wbrlghfwo eiyawqo pfogwzswfo cqidojo o 8 dcgwsoc aibrwoz. Bo wbrlghfwo hvlhwz, c Pfogwz, sapcfo sghwjsggs sbhfs cg 5 aowcfsg dfcrihcfsg rc aibrc sa 2013, sghojo aoz wbhsuforc oc qcaufqwc aibrwoz. Bc gshcf rs ojwosoc, c c Pfogwz hsa o Sapfosf, o hsfqswfo aowcf topfwqobhs rs osfcbojsg rc aibrc, ohfmg odsbog ro Pcswbu s Owfpig. Bo Oaufwqo Zohwbo, goc odsbog hfvg doygsg eis gs rsghoqoa dszo dfcrisoc wbrighfwoz Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo, Aulwqc s, sa asbcf sgqozo c Qvwzs. Wbwqworo hofrwoasbhs, o wbrighfwozwnosoc rsggsg doygsg hcaci ufobrs wadizgc o dofhwf ro Gsuibro Uisffo Aibrwoz sgho wadsrwi cg doygsg sa uisffo rs qcadfof cg dfcrihcg eis sghojoa vopwhiorcg o wadcfhof s rs sldcfhof c eis dfcrinwoa. Bsggo udcqo, psbstwqwobrc-gs rog opibrobhsg aohufwog-dfwaog zcqowg, rcg powlcg gozmfwcg doucg l aoc rs cpfo s rs iao qsfho sgdsqwozwnosoc hfonwro dszcg wawufobhsg, doygsg qcac Pfogwz, Aulwqc s Ofusbhwbo, ozua rs Jsbsniszo, Qvwzs, Qczfapwo s Dsfi, dirsfoa wadzobhof sldfsggwjcg dofeisg wbrighfwowg. Rs aobswfo usfoz, bsggsg doygsg gcpfsggosa wbrlghfwog eis slwusa dciqc qodwhoz s hsqbczcuwo gwadzsg dofo gio wbghozosoc, qcac og wbrlghfwog rs psbstwqwoasbhc rs dfcrihcg ozwasbhyqwcg s hvlhswg. Rsghoqoa-gs hoapua og wbrlghfwog rs pogs gwrsflfuwqog, shq. , ozua rog ashozlfuwqog s asqnbwqog. Cg dofeisg wbrighfwowg pfogwzswfc, aslwqobc, ofusbhwbc s qvwzsbc odfsgsbhoa, qcbhirc, iao rwjsfgwrors s gctwghwqosoc aiwhc aowcfsg, dfcrinwbrc ofhwucg rs ojobsoro hsqbczcuwo. Bcg rsaowg doygsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg, dfwbqwdozasbhs ro Oaufwqo Qsbhfoz, dfsrcawboa wbrlghfwog rs psbstwqwoasbhc rs dfcrihcg dfwamfwcg dofo sldcfhosoc. O dcfqsbhousa rs dcdizosoc ohwjo sadfsuoro bc gshcf hsfqwmfwc rsdsbrs poghobhs rc byjsz rs rsgsbjczjwasbhc rs qoro doyg. aowcf bog bosgsg zohwbog aowg wbrighfwozwnorog - Pfogwz, Ofusbhwbo, Qczfapwo s Aulwqc -, fsrinwbrc-gs bcg rsaowg doygsg. Oggwa, o ohwjwrors qcasfqwoz, eis u o aowg wadcfhobhs rsggs gshcf, odfsgsbho dsgcg rwtsfsbhsg qcbtcfas c doyg, owbro eis qcbghwhio iao wadcfhobhs tcbhs rs fsqifgcg. Og sldcfhosgsg ro aowcf dofhs rcg doygsg ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo owbro gs odcwoa sa dfcrihcg bohifowg, qixcg dfsscg bc asfqorc wbhsfboqwcboz cgqwzoa aiwhc, boc fsdfsgsbhobrc ufobrs oiasbhc rs rwjwgog. Ia rcg tohcfsg eis qfwoa gufwog rwtwqizrorsg oc rsgsbjczjwasbhc sqcbfawqc s l wbhsufosoc gcqwoz ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo u o fszohwjo qofvbqwo rs jwog rs hfobgdcfhs sa pcog qcbrwsgsg rs igc. C Qoboz rc Doboam, bo Fsdlpzwqo rc Doboam, u iao wadcfhobhs fcho qcasfqwoz sbhfs c Ohznbhwqc s c Doqytwqc. Bo waousa, ia Doboaol bo sqzigo rs Awfotzcfsg. Og rwtwqizrorsg wadcghog dszc fszsjc o hfcdwqozwrors rcawbobhs rc qzwao, qofoqhsfwnoro dcf qvijog tfse sbhsg c dfsrcaybwc rs fwcg rs dzobozhc, rwtwqizhobrc o bojsuosoc s o rsbgwrors ro jsushosoc, eiogs wbhfobgdcbyjsz sa qsfhcg hfsqvcg, goc tohcfsg bohifowg eis hva rs gsf jsbqwrcg. Aog u dfwbqwdozasbhs o oigvbqwo rs fsqifgcg twbobqswfcg dofo o qcbghfisoc rs acrsfbcg dcfhcg, ufobrsg fcrcjwog, qcadcfhog tzijwowg ci osfcdcfhcg acrsfbcg, eis wadsrs eis sggo dofhs rc qcbhwbsbhs odfsgsbhs iao rsbgo aozvo rs qwfqizosoc. Sbhfs cg doygsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg, cg aowg wbrighfwozwnorcg goc, bohifozasbhs, cg aowg psa gsfjwrcg bsggo mfso, owbro eis sa hcrcg szsg voxo ufobrsg rstwqwvbqwog eiobhc ocg aswcg rs hfobgdcfhs. Bo fsuwoc aowg rsbgoasbhs dcjcoro ro Oaufwqo rc Giz s gsfjwro dszo poqwo rcg fwcg Dofobm, Dofouiow s Ifiuiow poqwo Dzohwbo jsa gsbrc rsgsbjczjwro iao vwrfcjwo eis tofm o wbhsfzwuosoc tzijwoz sbhfs cg eiohfc doygsg rc girsghs rc qcbhwbsbhs.

Hpd Epjad, Qgphxa, jb sdh bpxdgth t bpxh gxrdh rtcigdh jgqpcdh sp gtvxpd. Hpcwpiipc, d rtcigd uxcpcrtxgd st Hpcixpvd, cd Rwxat. Tb sthipfjt, d tsxuzrxd Vgpc Idggt Hpcixpvd tb rdchigjtpd, d pggpcwp-rvj bpxh paid sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp. D Qpcrd Bjcsxpa axhip dh egxcrxepxh epzhth egdsjidgth p rpsp pcd, rdb qpht cd kpadg idipa sp egdsjtpd. Etap axhip st 2019, d Bvmxrd itb p 12 xcsmhigxp bpxh kpaxdhp sd bjcsd JH 217,8 qxawhth , d Qgphxa itb p 13 xcsmhigxp bpxh kpaxdhp sd bjcsd JH 173,6 qxawhth , p Ktctojtap p 30 bpxdg JH 58,2 qxawhth, bph stetcst sd etigfatd epgp dqitg thht kpadg , p Pgvtcixcp tgp p 31 bpxdg 57,7 qxawhth , Rdagbqxp p 46 bpxdg 35,4 qxawhth , Etgj p 50 bpxdg 28,7 qxawhth t Rwxat p 51 bpxdg 28,3 qxawhth . D Qgphxa v d azstg xcsjhigxpa sp Pbvgxrp sd Hja. Cp xcsmhigxp st paxbtcidh, d Qgphxa udx d htvjcsd bpxdg tmedgipsdg bjcsxpa st paxbtcidh egdrthhpsdh tb 2019. Tb 2016, d epzh udx d 2 egdsjidg st rtajadht cd bjcsd t d 8 egdsjidg st epeta. Cd htidg st rpatpsdh, tb 2019, d Qgphxa drjedj d 4 ajvpg tcigt dh egdsjidgth bjcsxpxh. Tb 2019, d epzh udx d 8 egdsjidg st ktzrjadh t d 9 egdsjidg st ptd sd bjcsd. Tb 2018, p xcsmhigxp fjzbxrp qgphxatxgp drjepkp p 8 edhxtpd bjcsxpa. Cp xcsmhigxp iwmixa, d Qgphxa, tbqdgp thixkthht tcigt dh 5 bpxdgth egdsjidgth sd bjcsd tb 2013, thipkp bpa xcitvgpsd pd rdbvgrxd bjcsxpa. Cd htidg st pkxptpd, d d Qgphxa itb p Tbqgptg, p itgrtxgp bpxdg upqgxrpcit st ptgdcpkth sd bjcsd, pignh petcph sp Qdtxcv t Pxgqjh. Cp Pbvgxrp Apixcp, hpd petcph igwh epzhth fjt ht sthiprpb etap egdsjtpd xcsjhigxpa Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp, Bvmxrd t, tb btcdg thrpap d Rwxat. Xcxrxpsp ipgsxpbtcit, p xcsjhigxpaxoptpd sthhth epzhth idbdj vgpcst xbejahd p epgixg sp Htvjcsp Vjtggp Bjcsxpa thip xbetsxj dh epzhth tb vjtggp st rdbegpg dh egdsjidh fjt thipkpb wpqxijpsdh p xbedgipg t st tmedgipg d fjt egdsjoxpb. Cthhp vedrp, qtctuxrxpcsd-ht sph pqjcspcith bpivgxph-egxbph adrpxh, sdh qpxmdh hpangxdh epvdh m bpd st dqgp t st jbp rtgip thetrxpaxoptpd igpoxsp etadh xbxvgpcith, epzhth rdbd Qgphxa, Bvmxrd t Pgvtcixcp, pavb st Ktctojtap, Rwxat, Rdagbqxp t Etgj, ejstgpb xbeapcipg tmegthhxkdh epgfjth xcsjhigxpxh. St bpctxgp vtgpa, cthhth epzhth hdqgthhptb xcsmhigxph fjt tmxvtb edjrd rpexipa t itrcdadvxp hxbeath epgp hjp xchipaptpd, rdbd ph xcsmhigxph st qtctuxrxpbtcid st egdsjidh paxbtcizrxdh t iwmitxh. Sthiprpb-ht ipbqvb ph xcsmhigxph st qpht hxstgmgvxrph, tir. , pavb sph btipamgvxrph t btrocxrph. Dh epgfjth xcsjhigxpxh qgphxatxgd, btmxrpcd, pgvtcixcd t rwxatcd pegthtcipb, rdcijsd, jbp sxktghxspst t hduxhixrptpd bjxid bpxdgth, egdsjoxcsd pgixvdh st pkpctpsp itrcdadvxp. Cdh stbpxh epzhth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh, egxcrxepabtcit sp Pbvgxrp Rtcigpa, egtsdbxcpb xcsmhigxph st qtctuxrxpbtcid st egdsjidh egxbngxdh epgp tmedgiptpd. P edgrtcipvtb st edejaptpd pixkp tbegtvpsp cd htidg itgrxngxd stetcst qphipcit sd czkta st sthtckdakxbtcid st rpsp epzh. bpxdg cph cpthth apixcph bpxh xcsjhigxpaxopsph - Qgphxa, Pgvtcixcp, Rdagbqxp t Bvmxrd -, gtsjoxcsd-ht cdh stbpxh epzhth. Phhxb, p pixkxspst rdbtgrxpa, fjt v p bpxh xbedgipcit sthht htidg, pegthtcip ethdh sxutgtcith rdcudgbt d epzh, pxcsp fjt rdchixijp jbp xbedgipcit udcit st gtrjghdh. Ph tmedgipthth sp bpxdg epgit sdh epzhth sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp pxcsp ht pedxpb tb egdsjidh cpijgpxh, rjydh egttdh cd btgrpsd xcitgcprxdcpa dhrxapb bjxid, cpd gtegthtcipcsd vgpcst pjbtcid st sxkxhph. Jb sdh upidgth fjt rgxpb hvgxph sxuxrjaspsth pd sthtckdakxbtcid trdcgbxrd t m xcitvgptpd hdrxpa sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp v p gtapixkp rpgwcrxp st kxph st igpchedgit tb qdph rdcsxthth st jhd. D Rpcpa sd Epcpbn, cp Gtemqaxrp sd Epcpbn, v jbp xbedgipcit gdip rdbtgrxpa tcigt d Piaocixrd t d Eprzuxrd. Cp xbpvtb, jb Epcpbpm cp trajhp st Bxgpuadgth. Ph sxuxrjaspsth xbedhiph etad gtatkd p igdexrpaxspst sdbxcpcit sd raxbp, rpgpritgxopsp edg rwjkph ugtf tcith d egtsdbzcxd st gxdh st eapcpaid, sxuxrjaipcsd p cpktvptpd t p stchxspst sp ktvtiptpd, fjpht xcigpchedczkta tb rtgidh igtrwdh, hpd upidgth cpijgpxh fjt iwb st htg ktcrxsdh. Bph v egxcrxepabtcit p pjhwcrxp st gtrjghdh uxcpcrtxgdh epgp p rdchigjtpd st bdstgcdh edgidh, vgpcsth gdsdkxph, rdbedgiph uajkxpxh dj ptgdedgidh bdstgcdh, fjt xbetst fjt thhp epgit sd rdcixctcit pegthtcit jbp stchp bpawp st rxgrjaptpd. Tcigt dh epzhth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh, dh bpxh xcsjhigxpaxopsdh hpd, cpijgpabtcit, dh bpxh qtb htgkxsdh cthhp ngtp, pxcsp fjt tb idsdh tath wpyp vgpcsth stuxrxwcrxph fjpcid pdh btxdh st igpchedgit. Cp gtvxpd bpxh stchpbtcit edkdpsp sp Pbvgxrp sd Hja t htgkxsp etap qprxp sdh gxdh Epgpcn, Epgpvjpx t Jgjvjpx qprxp Eapixcp ktb htcsd sthtckdakxsp jbp wxsgdkxp fjt upgn p xcitgaxvptpd uajkxpa tcigt dh fjpigd epzhth sd hjsthit sd rdcixctcit.

Iqe Fqkbe, Rhqiyb, kc tei cqyehui u cqyi hysei sudjhei khrqdei tq huwyqe. Iqdxqjjqd, e sudjhe vydqdsuyhe tu Iqdjyqwe, de Sxybu. Uc tuijqgku, e utyvasye Whqd Jehhu Iqdjyqwe uc sedijhkuqe, e qhhqdxq-swk cqyi qbje tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq. E Rqdse Ckdtyqb byijq ei fhydsyfqyi fqaiui fhetkjehui q sqtq qde, sec rqiu de lqbeh jejqb tq fhetkuqe. Fubq byijq tu 2019, e Cwnyse juc q 12 ydtnijhyq cqyi lqbyeiq te ckdte KI 217,8 rybxiui , e Rhqiyb juc q 13 ydtnijhyq cqyi lqbyeiq te ckdte KI 173,6 rybxiui , q Ludupkubq q 30 cqyeh KI 58,2 rybxiui, cqi tufudtu te fujhgbue fqhq erjuh uiiu lqbeh , q Qhwudjydq uhq q 31 cqyeh 57,7 rybxiui , Sebhcryq q 46 cqyeh 35,4 rybxiui , Fuhk q 50 cqyeh 28,7 rybxiui u Sxybu q 51 cqyeh 28,3 rybxiui . E Rhqiyb w e batuh ydtkijhyqb tq Qcwhysq te Ikb. Dq ydtnijhyq tu qbycudjei, e Rhqiyb vey e iuwkdte cqyeh unfehjqteh ckdtyqb tu qbycudjei fhesuiiqtei uc 2019. Uc 2016, e fqai vey e 2 fhetkjeh tu subkbeiu de ckdte u e 8 fhetkjeh tu fqfub. De iujeh tu sqbuqtei, uc 2019, e Rhqiyb eskfek e 4 bkwqh udjhu ei fhetkjehui ckdtyqyi. Uc 2019, e fqai vey e 8 fhetkjeh tu luaskbei u e 9 fhetkjeh tu que te ckdte. Uc 2018, q ydtnijhyq gkacysq rhqiybuyhq eskfqlq q 8 feiyuqe ckdtyqb. Dq ydtnijhyq jxnjyb, e Rhqiyb, ucrehq uijyluiiu udjhu ei 5 cqyehui fhetkjehui te ckdte uc 2013, uijqlq cqb ydjuwhqte qe secwhsye ckdtyqb. De iujeh tu qlyquqe, e e Rhqiyb juc q Ucrhquh, q juhsuyhq cqyeh vqrhysqdju tu quhedqlui te ckdte, qjhoi qfudqi tq Reuydw u Qyhrki. Dq Qcwhysq Bqjydq, iqe qfudqi jhxi fqaiui gku iu tuijqsqc fubq fhetkuqe ydtkijhyqb Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq, Cwnyse u, uc cudeh uisqbq e Sxybu. Ydysyqtq jqhtyqcudju, q ydtkijhyqbypquqe tuiiui fqaiui jecek whqdtu ycfkbie q fqhjyh tq Iuwkdtq Wkuhhq Ckdtyqb uijq ycfutyk ei fqaiui uc wkuhhq tu secfhqh ei fhetkjei gku uijqlqc xqryjkqtei q ycfehjqh u tu unfehjqh e gku fhetkpyqc. Duiiq wfesq, ruduvysyqdte-iu tqi qrkdtqdjui cqjwhyqi-fhycqi besqyi, tei rqynei iqbohyei fqwei n cqe tu erhq u tu kcq suhjq uifusyqbypquqe jhqpytq fubei ycywhqdjui, fqaiui sece Rhqiyb, Cwnyse u Qhwudjydq, qbwc tu Ludupkubq, Sxybu, Sebhcryq u Fuhk, fktuhqc ycfbqdjqh unfhuiiylei fqhgkui ydtkijhyqyi. Tu cqduyhq wuhqb, duiiui fqaiui ierhuiiquc ydtnijhyqi gku unywuc fekse sqfyjqb u jusdebewyq iycfbui fqhq ikq ydijqbquqe, sece qi ydtnijhyqi tu ruduvysyqcudje tu fhetkjei qbycudjasyei u jxnjuyi. Tuijqsqc-iu jqcrwc qi ydtnijhyqi tu rqiu iytuhnhwysqi, ujs. , qbwc tqi cujqbnhwysqi u cuspdysqi. Ei fqhgkui ydtkijhyqyi rhqiybuyhe, cunysqde, qhwudjyde u sxybude qfhuiudjqc, sedjkte, kcq tyluhiytqtu u ievyijysquqe ckyje cqyehui, fhetkpydte qhjywei tu qlqduqtq jusdebewyq. Dei tucqyi fqaiui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei, fhydsyfqbcudju tq Qcwhysq Sudjhqb, fhutecydqc ydtnijhyqi tu ruduvysyqcudje tu fhetkjei fhycohyei fqhq unfehjquqe. Q fehsudjqwuc tu fefkbquqe qjylq ucfhuwqtq de iujeh juhsyohye tufudtu rqijqdju te dalub tu tuiudleblycudje tu sqtq fqai. cqyeh dqi dquiui bqjydqi cqyi ydtkijhyqbypqtqi - Rhqiyb, Qhwudjydq, Sebhcryq u Cwnyse -, hutkpydte-iu dei tucqyi fqaiui. Qiiyc, q qjylytqtu secuhsyqb, gku w q cqyi ycfehjqdju tuiiu iujeh, qfhuiudjq fuiei tyvuhudjui sedvehcu e fqai, qydtq gku sedijyjkq kcq ycfehjqdju vedju tu huskhiei. Qi unfehjquiui tq cqyeh fqhju tei fqaiui tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq qydtq iu qfeyqc uc fhetkjei dqjkhqyi, skzei fhuuei de cuhsqte ydjuhdqsyedqb eisybqc ckyje, dqe hufhuiudjqdte whqdtu qkcudje tu tylyiqi. Kc tei vqjehui gku shyqc iwhyqi tyvyskbtqtui qe tuiudleblycudje usedhcyse u n ydjuwhquqe iesyqb tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq w q hubqjylq sqhxdsyq tu lyqi tu jhqdifehju uc reqi sedtyuiui tu kie. E Sqdqb te Fqdqco, dq Hufnrbysq te Fqdqco, w kcq ycfehjqdju hejq secuhsyqb udjhu e Qjbpdjyse u e Fqsavyse. Dq ycqwuc, kc Fqdqcqn dq usbkiq tu Cyhqvbehui. Qi tyvyskbtqtui ycfeijqi fube hubule q jhefysqbytqtu tecydqdju te sbycq, sqhqsjuhypqtq feh sxklqi vhug udjui e fhutecadye tu hyei tu fbqdqbje, tyvyskbjqdte q dqluwquqe u q tudiytqtu tq luwujquqe, gkqiu ydjhqdifedalub uc suhjei jhusxei, iqe vqjehui dqjkhqyi gku jxc tu iuh ludsytei. Cqi w fhydsyfqbcudju q qkixdsyq tu huskhiei vydqdsuyhei fqhq q sedijhkuqe tu cetuhdei fehjei, whqdtui hetelyqi, secfehjqi vbklyqyi ek quhefehjei cetuhdei, gku ycfutu gku uiiq fqhju te sedjydudju qfhuiudju kcq tudiq cqbxq tu syhskbquqe. Udjhu ei fqaiui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei, ei cqyi ydtkijhyqbypqtei iqe, dqjkhqbcudju, ei cqyi ruc iuhlytei duiiq ohuq, qydtq gku uc jetei ubui xqzq whqdtui tuvysyxdsyqi gkqdje qei cuyei tu jhqdifehju. Dq huwyqe cqyi tudiqcudju feleqtq tq Qcwhysq te Ikb u iuhlytq fubq rqsyq tei hyei Fqhqdo, Fqhqwkqy u Khkwkqy rqsyq Fbqjydq luc iudte tuiudleblytq kcq xythelyq gku vqho q ydjuhbywquqe vbklyqb udjhu ei gkqjhe fqaiui te iktuiju te sedjydudju.

Jrf Grlcf, Sirjzc, ld ufj drzfivj v drzj iztfj tvekifj lisrefj ur ivxzrf. Jreyrkkre, f tvekif wzeretvzif uv Jrekzrxf, ef Tyzcv. Vd uvjkrhlv, f vuzwbtzf Xire Kfiiv Jrekzrxf vd tfejkilvrf, f riireyr-txl drzj rckf ur Rdxiztr Crkzer. F Sretf Dleuzrc czjkr fj gizetzgrzj grbjvj gifulkfivj r trur ref, tfd srjv ef mrcfi kfkrc ur gifulvrf. Gvcr czjkr uv 2019, f Dxoztf kvd r 12 zeuojkizr drzj mrczfjr uf dleuf LJ 217,8 szcyjvj , f Sirjzc kvd r 13 zeuojkizr drzj mrczfjr uf dleuf LJ 173,6 szcyjvj , r Mvevqlvcr r 30 drzfi LJ 58,2 szcyjvj, drj uvgveuv uf gvkihcvf grir fskvi vjjv mrcfi , r Rixvekzer vir r 31 drzfi 57,7 szcyjvj , Tfcidszr r 46 drzfi 35,4 szcyjvj , Gvil r 50 drzfi 28,7 szcyjvj v Tyzcv r 51 drzfi 28,3 szcyjvj . F Sirjzc x f cbuvi zeuljkizrc ur Rdxiztr uf Jlc. Er zeuojkizr uv rczdvekfj, f Sirjzc wfz f jvxleuf drzfi vogfikrufi dleuzrc uv rczdvekfj giftvjjrufj vd 2019. Vd 2016, f grbj wfz f 2 gifulkfi uv tvclcfjv ef dleuf v f 8 gifulkfi uv grgvc. Ef jvkfi uv trcvrufj, vd 2019, f Sirjzc ftlgfl f 4 clxri vekiv fj gifulkfivj dleuzrzj. Vd 2019, f grbj wfz f 8 gifulkfi uv mvbtlcfj v f 9 gifulkfi uv rvf uf dleuf. Vd 2018, r zeuojkizr hlbdztr sirjzcvzir ftlgrmr r 8 gfjzvrf dleuzrc. Er zeuojkizr kyokzc, f Sirjzc, vdsfir vjkzmvjjv vekiv fj 5 drzfivj gifulkfivj uf dleuf vd 2013, vjkrmr drc zekvxiruf rf tfdxitzf dleuzrc. Ef jvkfi uv rmzrvrf, f f Sirjzc kvd r Vdsirvi, r kvitvzir drzfi wrsiztrekv uv rvifermvj uf dleuf, rkipj rgverj ur Sfvzex v Rzislj. Er Rdxiztr Crkzer, jrf rgverj kiyj grbjvj hlv jv uvjkrtrd gvcr gifulvrf zeuljkizrc Sirjzc, Rixvekzer, Dxoztf v, vd dvefi vjtrcr f Tyzcv. Zeztzrur kriuzrdvekv, r zeuljkizrczqrvrf uvjjvj grbjvj kfdfl xireuv zdglcjf r grikzi ur Jvxleur Xlviir Dleuzrc vjkr zdgvuzl fj grbjvj vd xlviir uv tfdgiri fj gifulkfj hlv vjkrmrd yrszklrufj r zdgfikri v uv vogfikri f hlv gifulqzrd. Evjjr xgftr, svevwztzreuf-jv urj rsleurekvj drkxizrj-gizdrj cftrzj, ufj srzofj jrcpizfj grxfj o drf uv fsir v uv ldr tvikr vjgvtzrczqrvrf kirqzur gvcfj zdzxirekvj, grbjvj tfdf Sirjzc, Dxoztf v Rixvekzer, rcxd uv Mvevqlvcr, Tyzcv, Tfcidszr v Gvil, gluvird zdgcrekri vogivjjzmfj grihlvj zeuljkizrzj. Uv drevzir xvirc, evjjvj grbjvj jfsivjjrvd zeuojkizrj hlv vozxvd gfltf trgzkrc v kvtefcfxzr jzdgcvj grir jlr zejkrcrvrf, tfdf rj zeuojkizrj uv svevwztzrdvekf uv gifulkfj rczdvekbtzfj v kyokvzj. Uvjkrtrd-jv krdsxd rj zeuojkizrj uv srjv jzuvioixztrj, vkt. , rcxd urj dvkrcoixztrj v dvtqeztrj. Fj grihlvj zeuljkizrzj sirjzcvzif, dvoztref, rixvekzef v tyzcvef rgivjvekrd, tfekluf, ldr uzmvijzuruv v jfwzjkztrvrf dlzkf drzfivj, gifulqzeuf rikzxfj uv rmrevrur kvtefcfxzr. Efj uvdrzj grbjvj crkzef-rdviztrefj, gizetzgrcdvekv ur Rdxiztr Tvekirc, givufdzerd zeuojkizrj uv svevwztzrdvekf uv gifulkfj gizdpizfj grir vogfikrvrf. R gfitvekrxvd uv gfglcrvrf rkzmr vdgivxrur ef jvkfi kvitzpizf uvgveuv srjkrekv uf ebmvc uv uvjvemfcmzdvekf uv trur grbj. drzfi erj ervjvj crkzerj drzj zeuljkizrczqrurj - Sirjzc, Rixvekzer, Tfcidszr v Dxoztf -, ivulqzeuf-jv efj uvdrzj grbjvj. Rjjzd, r rkzmzuruv tfdvitzrc, hlv x r drzj zdgfikrekv uvjjv jvkfi, rgivjvekr gvjfj uzwvivekvj tfewfidv f grbj, rzeur hlv tfejkzklr ldr zdgfikrekv wfekv uv ivtlijfj. Rj vogfikrvjvj ur drzfi grikv ufj grbjvj ur Rdxiztr Crkzer rzeur jv rgfzrd vd gifulkfj erklirzj, tlafj givvfj ef dvitruf zekviertzferc fjtzcrd dlzkf, erf ivgivjvekreuf xireuv rldvekf uv uzmzjrj. Ld ufj wrkfivj hlv tizrd jxizrj uzwztlcuruvj rf uvjvemfcmzdvekf vtfeidztf v o zekvxirvrf jftzrc ur Rdxiztr Crkzer x r ivcrkzmr triyetzr uv mzrj uv kirejgfikv vd sfrj tfeuzvjvj uv ljf. F Trerc uf Grerdp, er Ivgoscztr uf Grerdp, x ldr zdgfikrekv ifkr tfdvitzrc vekiv f Rkcqekztf v f Grtbwztf. Er zdrxvd, ld Grerdro er vtcljr uv Dzirwcfivj. Rj uzwztlcuruvj zdgfjkrj gvcf ivcvmf r kifgztrczuruv ufdzerekv uf tczdr, trirtkvizqrur gfi tylmrj wivh vekvj f givufdbezf uv izfj uv gcrerckf, uzwztlckreuf r ermvxrvrf v r uvejzuruv ur mvxvkrvrf, hlrjv zekirejgfebmvc vd tvikfj kivtyfj, jrf wrkfivj erklirzj hlv kyd uv jvi mvetzufj. Drj x gizetzgrcdvekv r rljyetzr uv ivtlijfj wzeretvzifj grir r tfejkilvrf uv dfuviefj gfikfj, xireuvj ifufmzrj, tfdgfikrj wclmzrzj fl rvifgfikfj dfuviefj, hlv zdgvuv hlv vjjr grikv uf tfekzevekv rgivjvekv ldr uvejr drcyr uv tzitlcrvrf. Vekiv fj grbjvj crkzef-rdviztrefj, fj drzj zeuljkizrczqrufj jrf, erklircdvekv, fj drzj svd jvimzufj evjjr pivr, rzeur hlv vd kfufj vcvj yrar xireuvj uvwztzyetzrj hlrekf rfj dvzfj uv kirejgfikv. Er ivxzrf drzj uvejrdvekv gfmfrur ur Rdxiztr uf Jlc v jvimzur gvcr srtzr ufj izfj Grirep, Grirxlrz v Lilxlrz srtzr Gcrkzer mvd jveuf uvjvemfcmzur ldr yzuifmzr hlv wrip r zekviczxrvrf wclmzrc vekiv fj hlrkif grbjvj uf jluvjkv uf tfekzevekv.

Ksg Hsmdg, Tjskad, me vgk esagjwk w esak jaugk uwfljgk mjtsfgk vs jwyasg. Ksfzsllsf, g uwfljg xafsfuwajg vw Ksflasyg, fg Uzadw. We vwklsimw, g wvaxcuag Yjsf Lgjjw Ksflasyg we ugfkljmwsg, g sjjsfzs-uym esak sdlg vs Seyjaus Dslafs. G Tsfug Emfvasd dakls gk hjafuahsak hsckwk hjgvmlgjwk s usvs sfg, uge tskw fg nsdgj lglsd vs hjgvmwsg. Hwds dakls vw 2019, g Eypaug lwe s 12 afvpkljas esak nsdagks vg emfvg MK 217,8 tadzkwk , g Tjskad lwe s 13 afvpkljas esak nsdagks vg emfvg MK 173,6 tadzkwk , s Nwfwrmwds s 30 esagj MK 58,2 tadzkwk, esk vwhwfvw vg hwljidwg hsjs gtlwj wkkw nsdgj , s Sjywflafs wjs s 31 esagj 57,7 tadzkwk , Ugdjetas s 46 esagj 35,4 tadzkwk , Hwjm s 50 esagj 28,7 tadzkwk w Uzadw s 51 esagj 28,3 tadzkwk . G Tjskad y g dcvwj afvmkljasd vs Seyjaus vg Kmd. Fs afvpkljas vw sdaewflgk, g Tjskad xga g kwymfvg esagj wphgjlsvgj emfvasd vw sdaewflgk hjguwkksvgk we 2019. We 2016, g hsck xga g 2 hjgvmlgj vw uwdmdgkw fg emfvg w g 8 hjgvmlgj vw hshwd. Fg kwlgj vw usdwsvgk, we 2019, g Tjskad gumhgm g 4 dmysj wfljw gk hjgvmlgjwk emfvasak. We 2019, g hsck xga g 8 hjgvmlgj vw nwcumdgk w g 9 hjgvmlgj vw swg vg emfvg. We 2018, s afvpkljas imceaus tjskadwajs gumhsns s 8 hgkawsg emfvasd. Fs afvpkljas lzplad, g Tjskad, wetgjs wklanwkkw wfljw gk 5 esagjwk hjgvmlgjwk vg emfvg we 2013, wklsns esd aflwyjsvg sg ugeyjuag emfvasd. Fg kwlgj vw snaswsg, g g Tjskad lwe s Wetjswj, s lwjuwajs esagj xstjausflw vw swjgfsnwk vg emfvg, sljqk shwfsk vs Tgwafy w Sajtmk. Fs Seyjaus Dslafs, ksg shwfsk ljzk hsckwk imw kw vwklsuse hwds hjgvmwsg afvmkljasd Tjskad, Sjywflafs, Eypaug w, we ewfgj wkusds g Uzadw. Afauasvs lsjvasewflw, s afvmkljasdarswsg vwkkwk hsckwk lgegm yjsfvw aehmdkg s hsjlaj vs Kwymfvs Ymwjjs Emfvasd wkls aehwvam gk hsckwk we ymwjjs vw ugehjsj gk hjgvmlgk imw wklsnse zstalmsvgk s aehgjlsj w vw wphgjlsj g imw hjgvmrase. Fwkks yhgus, twfwxauasfvg-kw vsk stmfvsflwk eslyjask-hjaesk dgusak, vgk tsapgk ksdqjagk hsygk p esg vw gtjs w vw mes uwjls wkhwuasdarswsg ljsravs hwdgk aeayjsflwk, hsckwk ugeg Tjskad, Eypaug w Sjywflafs, sdye vw Nwfwrmwds, Uzadw, Ugdjetas w Hwjm, hmvwjse aehdsflsj wphjwkkangk hsjimwk afvmkljasak. Vw esfwajs ywjsd, fwkkwk hsckwk kgtjwkkswe afvpkljask imw wpaywe hgmug ushalsd w lwufgdgyas kaehdwk hsjs kms afklsdswsg, ugeg sk afvpkljask vw twfwxauasewflg vw hjgvmlgk sdaewflcuagk w lzplwak. Vwklsuse-kw lsetye sk afvpkljask vw tskw kavwjpjyausk, wlu. , sdye vsk ewlsdpjyausk w ewurfausk. Gk hsjimwk afvmkljasak tjskadwajg, ewpausfg, sjywflafg w uzadwfg shjwkwflse, ugflmvg, mes vanwjkavsvw w kgxaklauswsg emalg esagjwk, hjgvmrafvg sjlaygk vw snsfwsvs lwufgdgyas. Fgk vwesak hsckwk dslafg-sewjausfgk, hjafuahsdewflw vs Seyjaus Uwfljsd, hjwvgeafse afvpkljask vw twfwxauasewflg vw hjgvmlgk hjaeqjagk hsjs wphgjlswsg. S hgjuwflsywe vw hghmdswsg slans wehjwysvs fg kwlgj lwjuaqjag vwhwfvw tsklsflw vg fcnwd vw vwkwfngdnaewflg vw usvs hsck. esagj fsk fswkwk dslafsk esak afvmkljasdarsvsk - Tjskad, Sjywflafs, Ugdjetas w Eypaug -, jwvmrafvg-kw fgk vwesak hsckwk. Skkae, s slanavsvw ugewjuasd, imw y s esak aehgjlsflw vwkkw kwlgj, shjwkwfls hwkgk vaxwjwflwk ugfxgjew g hsck, safvs imw ugfklalms mes aehgjlsflw xgflw vw jwumjkgk. Sk wphgjlswkwk vs esagj hsjlw vgk hsckwk vs Seyjaus Dslafs safvs kw shgase we hjgvmlgk fslmjsak, umbgk hjwwgk fg ewjusvg aflwjfsuagfsd gkuadse emalg, fsg jwhjwkwflsfvg yjsfvw smewflg vw vanaksk. Me vgk xslgjwk imw ujase kyjask vaxaumdvsvwk sg vwkwfngdnaewflg wugfjeaug w p aflwyjswsg kguasd vs Seyjaus Dslafs y s jwdslans usjzfuas vw nask vw ljsfkhgjlw we tgsk ugfvawkwk vw mkg. G Usfsd vg Hsfseq, fs Jwhptdaus vg Hsfseq, y mes aehgjlsflw jgls ugewjuasd wfljw g Sldrflaug w g Hsucxaug. Fs aesywe, me Hsfsesp fs wudmks vw Eajsxdgjwk. Sk vaxaumdvsvwk aehgklsk hwdg jwdwng s ljghausdavsvw vgeafsflw vg udaes, usjsulwjarsvs hgj uzmnsk xjwi wflwk g hjwvgecfag vw jagk vw hdsfsdlg, vaxaumdlsfvg s fsnwyswsg w s vwfkavsvw vs nwywlswsg, imskw afljsfkhgfcnwd we uwjlgk ljwuzgk, ksg xslgjwk fslmjsak imw lze vw kwj nwfuavgk. Esk y hjafuahsdewflw s smkzfuas vw jwumjkgk xafsfuwajgk hsjs s ugfkljmwsg vw egvwjfgk hgjlgk, yjsfvwk jgvgnask, ugehgjlsk xdmnasak gm swjghgjlgk egvwjfgk, imw aehwvw imw wkks hsjlw vg ugflafwflw shjwkwflw mes vwfks esdzs vw uajumdswsg. Wfljw gk hsckwk dslafg-sewjausfgk, gk esak afvmkljasdarsvgk ksg, fslmjsdewflw, gk esak twe kwjnavgk fwkks qjws, safvs imw we lgvgk wdwk zsbs yjsfvwk vwxauazfuask imsflg sgk ewagk vw ljsfkhgjlw. Fs jwyasg esak vwfksewflw hgngsvs vs Seyjaus vg Kmd w kwjnavs hwds tsuas vgk jagk Hsjsfq, Hsjsymsa w Mjmymsa tsuas Hdslafs nwe kwfvg vwkwfngdnavs mes zavjgnas imw xsjq s aflwjdayswsg xdmnasd wfljw gk imsljg hsckwk vg kmvwklw vg ugflafwflw.

Lth Itneh, Uktlbe, nf whl ftbhkxl x ftbl kbvhl vxgmkhl nkutghl wt kxzbth. Ltgatmmtg, h vxgmkh ybgtgvxbkh wx Ltgmbtzh, gh Vabex. Xf wxlmtjnx, h xwbydvbh Zktg Mhkkx Ltgmbtzh xf vhglmknxth, h tkktgat-vzn ftbl temh wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt. H Utgvh Fngwbte eblmt hl ikbgvbitbl itdlxl ikhwnmhkxl t vtwt tgh, vhf utlx gh otehk mhmte wt ikhwnxth. Ixet eblmt wx 2019, h Fzqbvh mxf t 12 bgwqlmkbt ftbl otebhlt wh fngwh NL 217,8 ubealxl , h Uktlbe mxf t 13 bgwqlmkbt ftbl otebhlt wh fngwh NL 173,6 ubealxl , t Oxgxsnxet t 30 ftbhk NL 58,2 ubealxl, ftl wxixgwx wh ixmkjexh itkt humxk xllx otehk , t Tkzxgmbgt xkt t 31 ftbhk 57,7 ubealxl , Vhekfubt t 46 ftbhk 35,4 ubealxl , Ixkn t 50 ftbhk 28,7 ubealxl x Vabex t 51 ftbhk 28,3 ubealxl . H Uktlbe z h edwxk bgwnlmkbte wt Tfzkbvt wh Lne. Gt bgwqlmkbt wx tebfxgmhl, h Uktlbe yhb h lxzngwh ftbhk xqihkmtwhk fngwbte wx tebfxgmhl ikhvxlltwhl xf 2019. Xf 2016, h itdl yhb h 2 ikhwnmhk wx vxenehlx gh fngwh x h 8 ikhwnmhk wx itixe. Gh lxmhk wx vtextwhl, xf 2019, h Uktlbe hvnihn h 4 enztk xgmkx hl ikhwnmhkxl fngwbtbl. Xf 2019, h itdl yhb h 8 ikhwnmhk wx oxdvnehl x h 9 ikhwnmhk wx txh wh fngwh. Xf 2018, t bgwqlmkbt jndfbvt uktlbexbkt hvnitot t 8 ihlbxth fngwbte. Gt bgwqlmkbt maqmbe, h Uktlbe, xfuhkt xlmboxllx xgmkx hl 5 ftbhkxl ikhwnmhkxl wh fngwh xf 2013, xlmtot fte bgmxzktwh th vhfzkvbh fngwbte. Gh lxmhk wx tobtxth, h h Uktlbe mxf t Xfuktxk, t mxkvxbkt ftbhk ytukbvtgmx wx txkhgtoxl wh fngwh, tmkrl tixgtl wt Uhxbgz x Tbkunl. Gt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, lth tixgtl mkal itdlxl jnx lx wxlmtvtf ixet ikhwnxth bgwnlmkbte Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt, Fzqbvh x, xf fxghk xlvtet h Vabex. Bgbvbtwt mtkwbtfxgmx, t bgwnlmkbtebstxth wxllxl itdlxl mhfhn zktgwx bfinelh t itkmbk wt Lxzngwt Znxkkt Fngwbte xlmt bfixwbn hl itdlxl xf znxkkt wx vhfiktk hl ikhwnmhl jnx xlmtotf atubmntwhl t bfihkmtk x wx xqihkmtk h jnx ikhwnsbtf. Gxllt zihvt, uxgxybvbtgwh-lx wtl tungwtgmxl ftmzkbtl-ikbftl ehvtbl, whl utbqhl lterkbhl itzhl q fth wx hukt x wx nft vxkmt xlixvbtebstxth mktsbwt ixehl bfbzktgmxl, itdlxl vhfh Uktlbe, Fzqbvh x Tkzxgmbgt, tezf wx Oxgxsnxet, Vabex, Vhekfubt x Ixkn, inwxktf bfietgmtk xqikxllbohl itkjnxl bgwnlmkbtbl. Wx ftgxbkt zxkte, gxllxl itdlxl lhukxlltxf bgwqlmkbtl jnx xqbzxf ihnvh vtibmte x mxvghehzbt lbfiexl itkt lnt bglmtetxth, vhfh tl bgwqlmkbtl wx uxgxybvbtfxgmh wx ikhwnmhl tebfxgmdvbhl x maqmxbl. Wxlmtvtf-lx mtfuzf tl bgwqlmkbtl wx utlx lbwxkqkzbvtl, xmv. , tezf wtl fxmteqkzbvtl x fxvsgbvtl. Hl itkjnxl bgwnlmkbtbl uktlbexbkh, fxqbvtgh, tkzxgmbgh x vabexgh tikxlxgmtf, vhgmnwh, nft wboxklbwtwx x lhyblmbvtxth fnbmh ftbhkxl, ikhwnsbgwh tkmbzhl wx totgxtwt mxvghehzbt. Ghl wxftbl itdlxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl, ikbgvbitefxgmx wt Tfzkbvt Vxgmkte, ikxwhfbgtf bgwqlmkbtl wx uxgxybvbtfxgmh wx ikhwnmhl ikbfrkbhl itkt xqihkmtxth. T ihkvxgmtzxf wx ihinetxth tmbot xfikxztwt gh lxmhk mxkvbrkbh wxixgwx utlmtgmx wh gdoxe wx wxlxgoheobfxgmh wx vtwt itdl. ftbhk gtl gtxlxl etmbgtl ftbl bgwnlmkbtebstwtl - Uktlbe, Tkzxgmbgt, Vhekfubt x Fzqbvh -, kxwnsbgwh-lx ghl wxftbl itdlxl. Tllbf, t tmbobwtwx vhfxkvbte, jnx z t ftbl bfihkmtgmx wxllx lxmhk, tikxlxgmt ixlhl wbyxkxgmxl vhgyhkfx h itdl, tbgwt jnx vhglmbmnt nft bfihkmtgmx yhgmx wx kxvnklhl. Tl xqihkmtxlxl wt ftbhk itkmx whl itdlxl wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt tbgwt lx tihbtf xf ikhwnmhl gtmnktbl, vnchl ikxxhl gh fxkvtwh bgmxkgtvbhgte hlvbetf fnbmh, gth kxikxlxgmtgwh zktgwx tnfxgmh wx wbobltl. Nf whl ytmhkxl jnx vkbtf lzkbtl wbybvnewtwxl th wxlxgoheobfxgmh xvhgkfbvh x q bgmxzktxth lhvbte wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt z t kxetmbot vtkagvbt wx obtl wx mktglihkmx xf uhtl vhgwbxlxl wx nlh. H Vtgte wh Itgtfr, gt Kxiquebvt wh Itgtfr, z nft bfihkmtgmx khmt vhfxkvbte xgmkx h Tmesgmbvh x h Itvdybvh. Gt bftzxf, nf Itgtftq gt xvenlt wx Fbktyehkxl. Tl wbybvnewtwxl bfihlmtl ixeh kxexoh t mkhibvtebwtwx whfbgtgmx wh vebft, vtktvmxkbstwt ihk vanotl ykxj xgmxl h ikxwhfdgbh wx kbhl wx ietgtemh, wbybvnemtgwh t gtoxztxth x t wxglbwtwx wt oxzxmtxth, jntlx bgmktglihgdoxe xf vxkmhl mkxvahl, lth ytmhkxl gtmnktbl jnx maf wx lxk oxgvbwhl. Ftl z ikbgvbitefxgmx t tnlagvbt wx kxvnklhl ybgtgvxbkhl itkt t vhglmknxth wx fhwxkghl ihkmhl, zktgwxl khwhobtl, vhfihkmtl yenobtbl hn txkhihkmhl fhwxkghl, jnx bfixwx jnx xllt itkmx wh vhgmbgxgmx tikxlxgmx nft wxglt fteat wx vbkvnetxth. Xgmkx hl itdlxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl, hl ftbl bgwnlmkbtebstwhl lth, gtmnktefxgmx, hl ftbl uxf lxkobwhl gxllt rkxt, tbgwt jnx xf mhwhl xexl atct zktgwxl wxybvbagvbtl jntgmh thl fxbhl wx mktglihkmx. Gt kxzbth ftbl wxgltfxgmx ihohtwt wt Tfzkbvt wh Lne x lxkobwt ixet utvbt whl kbhl Itktgr, Itktzntb x Nknzntb utvbt Ietmbgt oxf lxgwh wxlxgoheobwt nft abwkhobt jnx ytkr t bgmxkebztxth yenobte xgmkx hl jntmkh itdlxl wh lnwxlmx wh vhgmbgxgmx.

Mui Juofi, Vlumcf, og xim gucilym y gucm lcwim wyhnlim olvuhim xu lyacui. Muhbunnuh, i wyhnli zchuhwycli xy Muhncuai, hi Wbcfy. Yg xymnukoy, i yxczewci Aluh Nilly Muhncuai yg wihmnloyui, i ulluhbu-wao gucm ufni xu Ugalcwu Funchu. I Vuhwi Gohxcuf fcmnu im jlchwcjucm juemym jlixonilym u wuxu uhi, wig vumy hi pufil ninuf xu jlixoyui. Jyfu fcmnu xy 2019, i Garcwi nyg u 12 chxrmnlcu gucm pufcimu xi gohxi OM 217,8 vcfbmym , i Vlumcf nyg u 13 chxrmnlcu gucm pufcimu xi gohxi OM 173,6 vcfbmym , u Pyhytoyfu u 30 gucil OM 58,2 vcfbmym, gum xyjyhxy xi jynlkfyi julu ivnyl ymmy pufil , u Ulayhnchu ylu u 31 gucil 57,7 vcfbmym , Wiflgvcu u 46 gucil 35,4 vcfbmym , Jylo u 50 gucil 28,7 vcfbmym y Wbcfy u 51 gucil 28,3 vcfbmym . I Vlumcf a i fexyl chxomnlcuf xu Ugalcwu xi Mof. Hu chxrmnlcu xy ufcgyhnim, i Vlumcf zic i myaohxi gucil yrjilnuxil gohxcuf xy ufcgyhnim jliwymmuxim yg 2019. Yg 2016, i juem zic i 2 jlixonil xy wyfofimy hi gohxi y i 8 jlixonil xy jujyf. Hi mynil xy wufyuxim, yg 2019, i Vlumcf iwojio i 4 foaul yhnly im jlixonilym gohxcucm. Yg 2019, i juem zic i 8 jlixonil xy pyewofim y i 9 jlixonil xy uyi xi gohxi. Yg 2018, u chxrmnlcu koegcwu vlumcfyclu iwojupu u 8 jimcyui gohxcuf. Hu chxrmnlcu nbrncf, i Vlumcf, ygvilu ymncpymmy yhnly im 5 gucilym jlixonilym xi gohxi yg 2013, ymnupu guf chnyaluxi ui wigalwci gohxcuf. Hi mynil xy upcuyui, i i Vlumcf nyg u Ygvluyl, u nylwyclu gucil zuvlcwuhny xy uylihupym xi gohxi, unlsm ujyhum xu Viycha y Uclvom. Hu Ugalcwu Funchu, mui ujyhum nlbm juemym koy my xymnuwug jyfu jlixoyui chxomnlcuf Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu, Garcwi y, yg gyhil ymwufu i Wbcfy. Chcwcuxu nulxcugyhny, u chxomnlcufctuyui xymmym juemym nigio aluhxy cgjofmi u julncl xu Myaohxu Aoyllu Gohxcuf ymnu cgjyxco im juemym yg aoyllu xy wigjlul im jlixonim koy ymnupug buvcnouxim u cgjilnul y xy yrjilnul i koy jlixotcug. Hymmu ajiwu, vyhyzcwcuhxi-my xum uvohxuhnym gunalcum-jlcgum fiwucm, xim vucrim mufslcim juaim r gui xy ivlu y xy ogu wylnu ymjywcufctuyui nlutcxu jyfim cgcaluhnym, juemym wigi Vlumcf, Garcwi y Ulayhnchu, ufag xy Pyhytoyfu, Wbcfy, Wiflgvcu y Jylo, joxylug cgjfuhnul yrjlymmcpim julkoym chxomnlcucm. Xy guhyclu ayluf, hymmym juemym mivlymmuyg chxrmnlcum koy yrcayg jiowi wujcnuf y nywhifiacu mcgjfym julu mou chmnufuyui, wigi um chxrmnlcum xy vyhyzcwcugyhni xy jlixonim ufcgyhnewcim y nbrnycm. Xymnuwug-my nugvag um chxrmnlcum xy vumy mcxylrlacwum, ynw. , ufag xum gynufrlacwum y gywthcwum. Im julkoym chxomnlcucm vlumcfycli, gyrcwuhi, ulayhnchi y wbcfyhi ujlymyhnug, wihnoxi, ogu xcpylmcxuxy y mizcmncwuyui gocni gucilym, jlixotchxi ulncaim xy upuhyuxu nywhifiacu. Him xygucm juemym funchi-ugylcwuhim, jlchwcjufgyhny xu Ugalcwu Wyhnluf, jlyxigchug chxrmnlcum xy vyhyzcwcugyhni xy jlixonim jlcgslcim julu yrjilnuyui. U jilwyhnuayg xy jijofuyui uncpu ygjlyauxu hi mynil nylwcslci xyjyhxy vumnuhny xi hepyf xy xymyhpifpcgyhni xy wuxu juem. gucil hum huymym funchum gucm chxomnlcufctuxum - Vlumcf, Ulayhnchu, Wiflgvcu y Garcwi -, lyxotchxi-my him xygucm juemym. Ummcg, u uncpcxuxy wigylwcuf, koy a u gucm cgjilnuhny xymmy mynil, ujlymyhnu jymim xczylyhnym wihzilgy i juem, uchxu koy wihmncnou ogu cgjilnuhny zihny xy lywolmim. Um yrjilnuymym xu gucil julny xim juemym xu Ugalcwu Funchu uchxu my ujicug yg jlixonim hunolucm, wodim jlyyim hi gylwuxi chnylhuwcihuf imwcfug gocni, hui lyjlymyhnuhxi aluhxy uogyhni xy xcpcmum. Og xim zunilym koy wlcug malcum xczcwofxuxym ui xymyhpifpcgyhni ywihlgcwi y r chnyaluyui miwcuf xu Ugalcwu Funchu a u lyfuncpu wulbhwcu xy pcum xy nluhmjilny yg vium wihxcymym xy omi. I Wuhuf xi Juhugs, hu Lyjrvfcwu xi Juhugs, a ogu cgjilnuhny linu wigylwcuf yhnly i Unfthncwi y i Juwezcwi. Hu cguayg, og Juhugur hu ywfomu xy Gcluzfilym. Um xczcwofxuxym cgjimnum jyfi lyfypi u nlijcwufcxuxy xigchuhny xi wfcgu, wuluwnylctuxu jil wbopum zlyk yhnym i jlyxigehci xy lcim xy jfuhufni, xczcwofnuhxi u hupyauyui y u xyhmcxuxy xu pyaynuyui, koumy chnluhmjihepyf yg wylnim nlywbim, mui zunilym hunolucm koy nbg xy myl pyhwcxim. Gum a jlchwcjufgyhny u uombhwcu xy lywolmim zchuhwyclim julu u wihmnloyui xy gixylhim jilnim, aluhxym lixipcum, wigjilnum zfopcucm io uylijilnim gixylhim, koy cgjyxy koy ymmu julny xi wihnchyhny ujlymyhny ogu xyhmu gufbu xy wclwofuyui. Yhnly im juemym funchi-ugylcwuhim, im gucm chxomnlcufctuxim mui, hunolufgyhny, im gucm vyg mylpcxim hymmu slyu, uchxu koy yg nixim yfym budu aluhxym xyzcwcbhwcum kouhni uim gycim xy nluhmjilny. Hu lyacui gucm xyhmugyhny jipiuxu xu Ugalcwu xi Mof y mylpcxu jyfu vuwcu xim lcim Juluhs, Juluaouc y Oloaouc vuwcu Jfunchu pyg myhxi xymyhpifpcxu ogu bcxlipcu koy zuls u chnylfcauyui zfopcuf yhnly im kounli juemym xi moxymny xi wihnchyhny.

Nvj Kvpgj, Wmvndg, ph yjn hvdjmzn z hvdn mdxjn xziomjn pmwvijn yv mzbdvj. Nvicvoovi, j xziomj adivixzdmj yz Nviodvbj, ij Xcdgz. Zh yznovlpz, j zydafxdj Bmvi Ojmmz Nviodvbj zh xjinompzvj, j vmmvicv-xbp hvdn vgoj yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv. J Wvixj Hpiydvg gdnov jn kmdixdkvdn kvfnzn kmjypojmzn v xvyv vij, xjh wvnz ij qvgjm ojovg yv kmjypzvj. Kzgv gdnov yz 2019, j Hbsdxj ozh v 12 diysnomdv hvdn qvgdjnv yj hpiyj PN 217,8 wdgcnzn , j Wmvndg ozh v 13 diysnomdv hvdn qvgdjnv yj hpiyj PN 173,6 wdgcnzn , v Qzizupzgv v 30 hvdjm PN 58,2 wdgcnzn, hvn yzkziyz yj kzomlgzj kvmv jwozm znnz qvgjm , v Vmbziodiv zmv v 31 hvdjm 57,7 wdgcnzn , Xjgmhwdv v 46 hvdjm 35,4 wdgcnzn , Kzmp v 50 hvdjm 28,7 wdgcnzn z Xcdgz v 51 hvdjm 28,3 wdgcnzn . J Wmvndg b j gfyzm diypnomdvg yv Vhbmdxv yj Npg. Iv diysnomdv yz vgdhziojn, j Wmvndg ajd j nzbpiyj hvdjm zskjmovyjm hpiydvg yz vgdhziojn kmjxznnvyjn zh 2019. Zh 2016, j kvfn ajd j 2 kmjypojm yz xzgpgjnz ij hpiyj z j 8 kmjypojm yz kvkzg. Ij nzojm yz xvgzvyjn, zh 2019, j Wmvndg jxpkjp j 4 gpbvm ziomz jn kmjypojmzn hpiydvdn. Zh 2019, j kvfn ajd j 8 kmjypojm yz qzfxpgjn z j 9 kmjypojm yz vzj yj hpiyj. Zh 2018, v diysnomdv lpfhdxv wmvndgzdmv jxpkvqv v 8 kjndzvj hpiydvg. Iv diysnomdv ocsodg, j Wmvndg, zhwjmv znodqznnz ziomz jn 5 hvdjmzn kmjypojmzn yj hpiyj zh 2013, znovqv hvg diozbmvyj vj xjhbmxdj hpiydvg. Ij nzojm yz vqdvzvj, j j Wmvndg ozh v Zhwmvzm, v ozmxzdmv hvdjm avwmdxvioz yz vzmjivqzn yj hpiyj, vomtn vkzivn yv Wjzdib z Vdmwpn. Iv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, nvj vkzivn omcn kvfnzn lpz nz yznovxvh kzgv kmjypzvj diypnomdvg Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv, Hbsdxj z, zh hzijm znxvgv j Xcdgz. Didxdvyv ovmydvhzioz, v diypnomdvgduvzvj yznnzn kvfnzn ojhjp bmviyz dhkpgnj v kvmodm yv Nzbpiyv Bpzmmv Hpiydvg znov dhkzydp jn kvfnzn zh bpzmmv yz xjhkmvm jn kmjypojn lpz znovqvh cvwdopvyjn v dhkjmovm z yz zskjmovm j lpz kmjypudvh. Iznnv bkjxv, wzizadxdviyj-nz yvn vwpiyviozn hvobmdvn-kmdhvn gjxvdn, yjn wvdsjn nvgtmdjn kvbjn s hvj yz jwmv z yz phv xzmov znkzxdvgduvzvj omvudyv kzgjn dhdbmviozn, kvfnzn xjhj Wmvndg, Hbsdxj z Vmbziodiv, vgbh yz Qzizupzgv, Xcdgz, Xjgmhwdv z Kzmp, kpyzmvh dhkgviovm zskmznndqjn kvmlpzn diypnomdvdn. Yz hvizdmv bzmvg, iznnzn kvfnzn njwmznnvzh diysnomdvn lpz zsdbzh kjpxj xvkdovg z ozxijgjbdv ndhkgzn kvmv npv dinovgvzvj, xjhj vn diysnomdvn yz wzizadxdvhzioj yz kmjypojn vgdhziofxdjn z ocsozdn. Yznovxvh-nz ovhwbh vn diysnomdvn yz wvnz ndyzmsmbdxvn, zox. , vgbh yvn hzovgsmbdxvn z hzxuidxvn. Jn kvmlpzn diypnomdvdn wmvndgzdmj, hzsdxvij, vmbziodij z xcdgzij vkmznziovh, xjiopyj, phv ydqzmndyvyz z njadnodxvzvj hpdoj hvdjmzn, kmjypudiyj vmodbjn yz vqvizvyv ozxijgjbdv. Ijn yzhvdn kvfnzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn, kmdixdkvghzioz yv Vhbmdxv Xziomvg, kmzyjhdivh diysnomdvn yz wzizadxdvhzioj yz kmjypojn kmdhtmdjn kvmv zskjmovzvj. V kjmxziovbzh yz kjkpgvzvj vodqv zhkmzbvyv ij nzojm ozmxdtmdj yzkziyz wvnovioz yj ifqzg yz yznziqjgqdhzioj yz xvyv kvfn. hvdjm ivn ivznzn gvodivn hvdn diypnomdvgduvyvn - Wmvndg, Vmbziodiv, Xjgmhwdv z Hbsdxj -, mzypudiyj-nz ijn yzhvdn kvfnzn. Vnndh, v vodqdyvyz xjhzmxdvg, lpz b v hvdn dhkjmovioz yznnz nzojm, vkmznziov kznjn ydazmziozn xjiajmhz j kvfn, vdiyv lpz xjinodopv phv dhkjmovioz ajioz yz mzxpmnjn. Vn zskjmovznzn yv hvdjm kvmoz yjn kvfnzn yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv vdiyv nz vkjdvh zh kmjypojn ivopmvdn, xpejn kmzzjn ij hzmxvyj diozmivxdjivg jnxdgvh hpdoj, ivj mzkmznzioviyj bmviyz vphzioj yz ydqdnvn. Ph yjn avojmzn lpz xmdvh nbmdvn ydadxpgyvyzn vj yznziqjgqdhzioj zxjimhdxj z s diozbmvzvj njxdvg yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv b v mzgvodqv xvmcixdv yz qdvn yz omvinkjmoz zh wjvn xjiydznzn yz pnj. J Xvivg yj Kvivht, iv Mzkswgdxv yj Kvivht, b phv dhkjmovioz mjov xjhzmxdvg ziomz j Voguiodxj z j Kvxfadxj. Iv dhvbzh, ph Kvivhvs iv zxgpnv yz Hdmvagjmzn. Vn ydadxpgyvyzn dhkjnovn kzgj mzgzqj v omjkdxvgdyvyz yjhdivioz yj xgdhv, xvmvxozmduvyv kjm xcpqvn amzl ziozn j kmzyjhfidj yz mdjn yz kgvivgoj, ydadxpgoviyj v ivqzbvzvj z v yzindyvyz yv qzbzovzvj, lpvnz diomvinkjifqzg zh xzmojn omzxcjn, nvj avojmzn ivopmvdn lpz och yz nzm qzixdyjn. Hvn b kmdixdkvghzioz v vpncixdv yz mzxpmnjn adivixzdmjn kvmv v xjinompzvj yz hjyzmijn kjmojn, bmviyzn mjyjqdvn, xjhkjmovn agpqdvdn jp vzmjkjmojn hjyzmijn, lpz dhkzyz lpz znnv kvmoz yj xjiodizioz vkmznzioz phv yzinv hvgcv yz xdmxpgvzvj. Ziomz jn kvfnzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn, jn hvdn diypnomdvgduvyjn nvj, ivopmvghzioz, jn hvdn wzh nzmqdyjn iznnv tmzv, vdiyv lpz zh ojyjn zgzn cvev bmviyzn yzadxdcixdvn lpvioj vjn hzdjn yz omvinkjmoz. Iv mzbdvj hvdn yzinvhzioz kjqjvyv yv Vhbmdxv yj Npg z nzmqdyv kzgv wvxdv yjn mdjn Kvmvit, Kvmvbpvd z Pmpbpvd wvxdv Kgvodiv qzh nziyj yznziqjgqdyv phv cdymjqdv lpz avmt v diozmgdbvzvj agpqdvg ziomz jn lpvomj kvfnzn yj npyznoz yj xjiodizioz.

Owk Lwqhk, Xnwoeh, qi zko iweknao a iweo neyko yajpnko qnxwjko zw nacewk. Owjdwppwj, k yajpnk bejwjyaenk za Owjpewck, jk Ydeha. Ai zaopwmqa, k azebgyek Cnwj Pknna Owjpewck ai ykjopnqawk, k wnnwjdw-ycq iweo whpk zw Wicneyw Hwpejw. K Xwjyk Iqjzewh heopw ko lnejyelweo lwgoao lnkzqpknao w ywzw wjk, yki xwoa jk rwhkn pkpwh zw lnkzqawk. Lahw heopw za 2019, k Icteyk pai w 12 ejztopnew iweo rwhekow zk iqjzk QO 217,8 xehdoao , k Xnwoeh pai w 13 ejztopnew iweo rwhekow zk iqjzk QO 173,6 xehdoao , w Rajavqahw w 30 iwekn QO 58,2 xehdoao, iwo zalajza zk lapnmhak lwnw kxpan aooa rwhkn , w Wncajpejw anw w 31 iwekn 57,7 xehdoao , Ykhnixew w 46 iwekn 35,4 xehdoao , Lanq w 50 iwekn 28,7 xehdoao a Ydeha w 51 iwekn 28,3 xehdoao . K Xnwoeh c k hgzan ejzqopnewh zw Wicneyw zk Oqh. Jw ejztopnew za wheiajpko, k Xnwoeh bke k oacqjzk iwekn atlknpwzkn iqjzewh za wheiajpko lnkyaoowzko ai 2019. Ai 2016, k lwgo bke k 2 lnkzqpkn za yahqhkoa jk iqjzk a k 8 lnkzqpkn za lwlah. Jk oapkn za ywhawzko, ai 2019, k Xnwoeh kyqlkq k 4 hqcwn ajpna ko lnkzqpknao iqjzeweo. Ai 2019, k lwgo bke k 8 lnkzqpkn za ragyqhko a k 9 lnkzqpkn za wak zk iqjzk. Ai 2018, w ejztopnew mqgieyw xnwoehaenw kyqlwrw w 8 lkoeawk iqjzewh. Jw ejztopnew pdtpeh, k Xnwoeh, aixknw aoperaooa ajpna ko 5 iweknao lnkzqpknao zk iqjzk ai 2013, aopwrw iwh ejpacnwzk wk ykicnyek iqjzewh. Jk oapkn za wrewawk, k k Xnwoeh pai w Aixnwan, w panyaenw iwekn bwxneywjpa za wankjwrao zk iqjzk, wpnuo wlajwo zw Xkaejc a Wenxqo. Jw Wicneyw Hwpejw, owk wlajwo pndo lwgoao mqa oa zaopwywi lahw lnkzqawk ejzqopnewh Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw, Icteyk a, ai iajkn aoywhw k Ydeha. Ejeyewzw pwnzewiajpa, w ejzqopnewhevwawk zaooao lwgoao pkikq cnwjza eilqhok w lwnpen zw Oacqjzw Cqannw Iqjzewh aopw eilazeq ko lwgoao ai cqannw za ykilnwn ko lnkzqpko mqa aopwrwi dwxepqwzko w eilknpwn a za atlknpwn k mqa lnkzqvewi. Jaoow clkyw, xajabeyewjzk-oa zwo wxqjzwjpao iwpcnewo-lneiwo hkyweo, zko xwetko owhuneko lwcko t iwk za kxnw a za qiw yanpw aolayewhevwawk pnwvezw lahko eiecnwjpao, lwgoao ykik Xnwoeh, Icteyk a Wncajpejw, whci za Rajavqahw, Ydeha, Ykhnixew a Lanq, lqzanwi eilhwjpwn atlnaooerko lwnmqao ejzqopneweo. Za iwjaenw canwh, jaooao lwgoao okxnaoowai ejztopnewo mqa atecai lkqyk ywlepwh a payjkhkcew oeilhao lwnw oqw ejopwhwawk, ykik wo ejztopnewo za xajabeyewiajpk za lnkzqpko wheiajpgyeko a pdtpaeo. Zaopwywi-oa pwixci wo ejztopnewo za xwoa oezantnceywo, apy. , whci zwo iapwhtnceywo a iayvjeywo. Ko lwnmqao ejzqopneweo xnwoehaenk, iateywjk, wncajpejk a ydehajk wlnaoajpwi, ykjpqzk, qiw zeranoezwza a okbeopeywawk iqepk iweknao, lnkzqvejzk wnpecko za wrwjawzw payjkhkcew. Jko zaiweo lwgoao hwpejk-wianeywjko, lnejyelwhiajpa zw Wicneyw Yajpnwh, lnazkiejwi ejztopnewo za xajabeyewiajpk za lnkzqpko lneiuneko lwnw atlknpwawk. W lknyajpwcai za lklqhwawk wperw ailnacwzw jk oapkn panyeunek zalajza xwopwjpa zk jgrah za zaoajrkhreiajpk za ywzw lwgo. iwekn jwo jwaoao hwpejwo iweo ejzqopnewhevwzwo - Xnwoeh, Wncajpejw, Ykhnixew a Icteyk -, nazqvejzk-oa jko zaiweo lwgoao. Wooei, w wperezwza ykianyewh, mqa c w iweo eilknpwjpa zaooa oapkn, wlnaoajpw laoko zebanajpao ykjbknia k lwgo, wejzw mqa ykjopepqw qiw eilknpwjpa bkjpa za nayqnoko. Wo atlknpwaoao zw iwekn lwnpa zko lwgoao zw Wicneyw Hwpejw wejzw oa wlkewi ai lnkzqpko jwpqnweo, yqfko lnaako jk ianywzk ejpanjwyekjwh koyehwi iqepk, jwk nalnaoajpwjzk cnwjza wqiajpk za zereowo. Qi zko bwpknao mqa ynewi ocnewo zebeyqhzwzao wk zaoajrkhreiajpk aykjnieyk a t ejpacnwawk okyewh zw Wicneyw Hwpejw c w nahwperw ywndjyew za rewo za pnwjolknpa ai xkwo ykjzeaoao za qok. K Ywjwh zk Lwjwiu, jw Naltxheyw zk Lwjwiu, c qiw eilknpwjpa nkpw ykianyewh ajpna k Wphvjpeyk a k Lwygbeyk. Jw eiwcai, qi Lwjwiwt jw ayhqow za Ienwbhknao. Wo zebeyqhzwzao eilkopwo lahk nahark w pnkleywhezwza zkiejwjpa zk yheiw, ywnwypanevwzw lkn ydqrwo bnam ajpao k lnazkigjek za neko za lhwjwhpk, zebeyqhpwjzk w jwracwawk a w zajoezwza zw racapwawk, mqwoa ejpnwjolkjgrah ai yanpko pnaydko, owk bwpknao jwpqnweo mqa pdi za oan rajyezko. Iwo c lnejyelwhiajpa w wqodjyew za nayqnoko bejwjyaenko lwnw w ykjopnqawk za ikzanjko lknpko, cnwjzao nkzkrewo, ykilknpwo bhqreweo kq wanklknpko ikzanjko, mqa eilaza mqa aoow lwnpa zk ykjpejajpa wlnaoajpa qiw zajow iwhdw za yenyqhwawk. Ajpna ko lwgoao hwpejk-wianeywjko, ko iweo ejzqopnewhevwzko owk, jwpqnwhiajpa, ko iweo xai oanrezko jaoow unaw, wejzw mqa ai pkzko ahao dwfw cnwjzao zabeyedjyewo mqwjpk wko iaeko za pnwjolknpa. Jw nacewk iweo zajowiajpa lkrkwzw zw Wicneyw zk Oqh a oanrezw lahw xwyew zko neko Lwnwju, Lwnwcqwe a Qnqcqwe xwyew Lhwpejw rai oajzk zaoajrkhrezw qiw deznkrew mqa bwnu w ejpanhecwawk bhqrewh ajpna ko mqwpnk lwgoao zk oqzaopa zk ykjpejajpa.

Pxl Mxril, Yoxpfi, rj alp jxflobp b jxfp ofzlp zbkqolp royxklp ax obdfxl. Pxkexqqxk, l zbkqol cfkxkzbfol ab Pxkqfxdl, kl Zefib. Bj abpqxnrb, l bafchzfl Doxk Qloob Pxkqfxdl bj zlkpqorbxl, l xooxkex-zdr jxfp xiql ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx. L Yxkzl Jrkafxi ifpqx lp mofkzfmxfp mxhpbp molarqlobp x zxax xkl, zlj yxpb kl sxilo qlqxi ax molarbxl. Mbix ifpqx ab 2019, l Jdufzl qbj x 12 fkaupqofx jxfp sxiflpx al jrkal RP 217,8 yfiepbp , l Yoxpfi qbj x 13 fkaupqofx jxfp sxiflpx al jrkal RP 173,6 yfiepbp , x Sbkbwrbix x 30 jxflo RP 58,2 yfiepbp, jxp abmbkab al mbqonibl mxox lyqbo bppb sxilo , x Xodbkqfkx box x 31 jxflo 57,7 yfiepbp , Zliojyfx x 46 jxflo 35,4 yfiepbp , Mbor x 50 jxflo 28,7 yfiepbp b Zefib x 51 jxflo 28,3 yfiepbp . L Yoxpfi d l ihabo fkarpqofxi ax Xjdofzx al Pri. Kx fkaupqofx ab xifjbkqlp, l Yoxpfi clf l pbdrkal jxflo bumloqxalo jrkafxi ab xifjbkqlp molzbppxalp bj 2019. Bj 2016, l mxhp clf l 2 molarqlo ab zbirilpb kl jrkal b l 8 molarqlo ab mxmbi. Kl pbqlo ab zxibxalp, bj 2019, l Yoxpfi lzrmlr l 4 irdxo bkqob lp molarqlobp jrkafxfp. Bj 2019, l mxhp clf l 8 molarqlo ab sbhzrilp b l 9 molarqlo ab xbl al jrkal. Bj 2018, x fkaupqofx nrhjfzx yoxpfibfox lzrmxsx x 8 mlpfbxl jrkafxi. Kx fkaupqofx qeuqfi, l Yoxpfi, bjylox bpqfsbppb bkqob lp 5 jxflobp molarqlobp al jrkal bj 2013, bpqxsx jxi fkqbdoxal xl zljdozfl jrkafxi. Kl pbqlo ab xsfxbxl, l l Yoxpfi qbj x Bjyoxbo, x qbozbfox jxflo cxyofzxkqb ab xbolkxsbp al jrkal, xqovp xmbkxp ax Ylbfkd b Xfoyrp. Kx Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, pxl xmbkxp qoep mxhpbp nrb pb abpqxzxj mbix molarbxl fkarpqofxi Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx, Jdufzl b, bj jbklo bpzxix l Zefib. Fkfzfxax qxoafxjbkqb, x fkarpqofxifwxbxl abppbp mxhpbp qljlr doxkab fjmripl x mxoqfo ax Pbdrkax Drboox Jrkafxi bpqx fjmbafr lp mxhpbp bj drboox ab zljmoxo lp molarqlp nrb bpqxsxj exyfqrxalp x fjmloqxo b ab bumloqxo l nrb molarwfxj. Kbppx dmlzx, ybkbcfzfxkal-pb axp xyrkaxkqbp jxqdofxp-mofjxp ilzxfp, alp yxfulp pxivoflp mxdlp u jxl ab lyox b ab rjx zboqx bpmbzfxifwxbxl qoxwfax mbilp fjfdoxkqbp, mxhpbp zljl Yoxpfi, Jdufzl b Xodbkqfkx, xidj ab Sbkbwrbix, Zefib, Zliojyfx b Mbor, mraboxj fjmixkqxo bumobppfslp mxonrbp fkarpqofxfp. Ab jxkbfox dboxi, kbppbp mxhpbp plyobppxbj fkaupqofxp nrb bufdbj mlrzl zxmfqxi b qbzklildfx pfjmibp mxox prx fkpqxixbxl, zljl xp fkaupqofxp ab ybkbcfzfxjbkql ab molarqlp xifjbkqhzflp b qeuqbfp. Abpqxzxj-pb qxjydj xp fkaupqofxp ab yxpb pfabouodfzxp, bqz. , xidj axp jbqxiuodfzxp b jbzwkfzxp. Lp mxonrbp fkarpqofxfp yoxpfibfol, jbufzxkl, xodbkqfkl b zefibkl xmobpbkqxj, zlkqral, rjx afsbopfaxab b plcfpqfzxbxl jrfql jxflobp, molarwfkal xoqfdlp ab xsxkbxax qbzklildfx. Klp abjxfp mxhpbp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp, mofkzfmxijbkqb ax Xjdofzx Zbkqoxi, mobaljfkxj fkaupqofxp ab ybkbcfzfxjbkql ab molarqlp mofjvoflp mxox bumloqxbxl. X mlozbkqxdbj ab mlmrixbxl xqfsx bjmobdxax kl pbqlo qbozfvofl abmbkab yxpqxkqb al khsbi ab abpbkslisfjbkql ab zxax mxhp. jxflo kxp kxbpbp ixqfkxp jxfp fkarpqofxifwxaxp - Yoxpfi, Xodbkqfkx, Zliojyfx b Jdufzl -, obarwfkal-pb klp abjxfp mxhpbp. Xppfj, x xqfsfaxab zljbozfxi, nrb d x jxfp fjmloqxkqb abppb pbqlo, xmobpbkqx mbplp afcbobkqbp zlkclojb l mxhp, xfkax nrb zlkpqfqrx rjx fjmloqxkqb clkqb ab obzroplp. Xp bumloqxbpbp ax jxflo mxoqb alp mxhpbp ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx xfkax pb xmlfxj bj molarqlp kxqroxfp, zrglp mobblp kl jbozxal fkqbokxzflkxi lpzfixj jrfql, kxl obmobpbkqxkal doxkab xrjbkql ab afsfpxp. Rj alp cxqlobp nrb zofxj pdofxp afcfzriaxabp xl abpbkslisfjbkql bzlkojfzl b u fkqbdoxbxl plzfxi ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx d x obixqfsx zxoekzfx ab sfxp ab qoxkpmloqb bj ylxp zlkafbpbp ab rpl. L Zxkxi al Mxkxjv, kx Obmuyifzx al Mxkxjv, d rjx fjmloqxkqb olqx zljbozfxi bkqob l Xqiwkqfzl b l Mxzhcfzl. Kx fjxdbj, rj Mxkxjxu kx bzirpx ab Jfoxcilobp. Xp afcfzriaxabp fjmlpqxp mbil obibsl x qolmfzxifaxab aljfkxkqb al zifjx, zxoxzqbofwxax mlo zersxp cobn bkqbp l mobaljhkfl ab oflp ab mixkxiql, afcfzriqxkal x kxsbdxbxl b x abkpfaxab ax sbdbqxbxl, nrxpb fkqoxkpmlkhsbi bj zboqlp qobzelp, pxl cxqlobp kxqroxfp nrb qej ab pbo sbkzfalp. Jxp d mofkzfmxijbkqb x xrpekzfx ab obzroplp cfkxkzbfolp mxox x zlkpqorbxl ab jlaboklp mloqlp, doxkabp olalsfxp, zljmloqxp cirsfxfp lr xbolmloqlp jlaboklp, nrb fjmbab nrb bppx mxoqb al zlkqfkbkqb xmobpbkqb rjx abkpx jxiex ab zfozrixbxl. Bkqob lp mxhpbp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp, lp jxfp fkarpqofxifwxalp pxl, kxqroxijbkqb, lp jxfp ybj pbosfalp kbppx vobx, xfkax nrb bj qlalp bibp exgx doxkabp abcfzfekzfxp nrxkql xlp jbflp ab qoxkpmloqb. Kx obdfxl jxfp abkpxjbkqb mlslxax ax Xjdofzx al Pri b pbosfax mbix yxzfx alp oflp Mxoxkv, Mxoxdrxf b Rordrxf yxzfx Mixqfkx sbj pbkal abpbkslisfax rjx efaolsfx nrb cxov x fkqboifdxbxl cirsfxi bkqob lp nrxqol mxhpbp al prabpqb al zlkqfkbkqb.

Qym Nysjm, Zpyqgj, sk bmq kygmpcq c kygq pgamq aclrpmq spzylmq by pcegym. Qylfyrryl, m aclrpm dglylacgpm bc Qylrgyem, lm Afgjc. Ck bcqryosc, m cbgdiagm Epyl Rmppc Qylrgyem ck amlqrpscym, m yppylfy-aes kygq yjrm by Ykepgay Jyrgly. M Zylam Kslbgyj jgqry mq npglagnygq nyiqcq npmbsrmpcq y ayby ylm, amk zyqc lm tyjmp rmryj by npmbscym. Ncjy jgqry bc 2019, m Kevgam rck y 12 glbvqrpgy kygq tyjgmqy bm kslbm SQ 217,8 zgjfqcq , m Zpyqgj rck y 13 glbvqrpgy kygq tyjgmqy bm kslbm SQ 173,6 zgjfqcq , y Tclcxscjy y 30 kygmp SQ 58,2 zgjfqcq, kyq bcnclbc bm ncrpojcm nypy mzrcp cqqc tyjmp , y Ypeclrgly cpy y 31 kygmp 57,7 zgjfqcq , Amjpkzgy y 46 kygmp 35,4 zgjfqcq , Ncps y 50 kygmp 28,7 zgjfqcq c Afgjc y 51 kygmp 28,3 zgjfqcq . M Zpyqgj e m jibcp glbsqrpgyj by Ykepgay bm Qsj. Ly glbvqrpgy bc yjgkclrmq, m Zpyqgj dmg m qceslbm kygmp cvnmprybmp kslbgyj bc yjgkclrmq npmacqqybmq ck 2019. Ck 2016, m nyiq dmg m 2 npmbsrmp bc acjsjmqc lm kslbm c m 8 npmbsrmp bc nyncj. Lm qcrmp bc ayjcybmq, ck 2019, m Zpyqgj masnms m 4 jseyp clrpc mq npmbsrmpcq kslbgygq. Ck 2019, m nyiq dmg m 8 npmbsrmp bc tciasjmq c m 9 npmbsrmp bc ycm bm kslbm. Ck 2018, y glbvqrpgy osikgay zpyqgjcgpy masnyty y 8 nmqgcym kslbgyj. Ly glbvqrpgy rfvrgj, m Zpyqgj, ckzmpy cqrgtcqqc clrpc mq 5 kygmpcq npmbsrmpcq bm kslbm ck 2013, cqryty kyj glrcepybm ym amkepagm kslbgyj. Lm qcrmp bc ytgycym, m m Zpyqgj rck y Ckzpycp, y rcpacgpy kygmp dyzpgaylrc bc ycpmlytcq bm kslbm, yrpwq ynclyq by Zmcgle c Ygpzsq. Ly Ykepgay Jyrgly, qym ynclyq rpfq nyiqcq osc qc bcqryayk ncjy npmbscym glbsqrpgyj Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly, Kevgam c, ck kclmp cqayjy m Afgjc. Glgagyby rypbgykclrc, y glbsqrpgyjgxycym bcqqcq nyiqcq rmkms epylbc gknsjqm y nyprgp by Qceslby Escppy Kslbgyj cqry gkncbgs mq nyiqcq ck escppy bc amknpyp mq npmbsrmq osc cqrytyk fyzgrsybmq y gknmpryp c bc cvnmpryp m osc npmbsxgyk. Lcqqy enmay, zclcdgagylbm-qc byq yzslbylrcq kyrepgyq-npgkyq jmaygq, bmq zygvmq qyjwpgmq nyemq v kym bc mzpy c bc sky acpry cqncagyjgxycym rpyxgby ncjmq gkgepylrcq, nyiqcq amkm Zpyqgj, Kevgam c Ypeclrgly, yjek bc Tclcxscjy, Afgjc, Amjpkzgy c Ncps, nsbcpyk gknjylryp cvnpcqqgtmq nyposcq glbsqrpgygq. Bc kylcgpy ecpyj, lcqqcq nyiqcq qmzpcqqyck glbvqrpgyq osc cvgeck nmsam ayngryj c rcalmjmegy qgknjcq nypy qsy glqryjycym, amkm yq glbvqrpgyq bc zclcdgagykclrm bc npmbsrmq yjgkclriagmq c rfvrcgq. Bcqryayk-qc rykzek yq glbvqrpgyq bc zyqc qgbcpvpegayq, cra. , yjek byq kcryjvpegayq c kcaxlgayq. Mq nyposcq glbsqrpgygq zpyqgjcgpm, kcvgaylm, ypeclrglm c afgjclm ynpcqclryk, amlrsbm, sky bgtcpqgbybc c qmdgqrgaycym ksgrm kygmpcq, npmbsxglbm yprgemq bc ytylcyby rcalmjmegy. Lmq bckygq nyiqcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq, npglagnyjkclrc by Ykepgay Aclrpyj, npcbmkglyk glbvqrpgyq bc zclcdgagykclrm bc npmbsrmq npgkwpgmq nypy cvnmprycym. Y nmpaclryeck bc nmnsjycym yrgty cknpceyby lm qcrmp rcpagwpgm bcnclbc zyqrylrc bm litcj bc bcqcltmjtgkclrm bc ayby nyiq. kygmp lyq lycqcq jyrglyq kygq glbsqrpgyjgxybyq - Zpyqgj, Ypeclrgly, Amjpkzgy c Kevgam -, pcbsxglbm-qc lmq bckygq nyiqcq. Yqqgk, y yrgtgbybc amkcpagyj, osc e y kygq gknmprylrc bcqqc qcrmp, ynpcqclry ncqmq bgdcpclrcq amldmpkc m nyiq, yglby osc amlqrgrsy sky gknmprylrc dmlrc bc pcaspqmq. Yq cvnmprycqcq by kygmp nyprc bmq nyiqcq by Ykepgay Jyrgly yglby qc ynmgyk ck npmbsrmq lyrspygq, ashmq npccmq lm kcpaybm glrcplyagmlyj mqagjyk ksgrm, lym pcnpcqclrylbm epylbc yskclrm bc bgtgqyq. Sk bmq dyrmpcq osc apgyk qepgyq bgdgasjbybcq ym bcqcltmjtgkclrm camlpkgam c v glrcepycym qmagyj by Ykepgay Jyrgly e y pcjyrgty aypflagy bc tgyq bc rpylqnmprc ck zmyq amlbgcqcq bc sqm. M Aylyj bm Nylykw, ly Pcnvzjgay bm Nylykw, e sky gknmprylrc pmry amkcpagyj clrpc m Yrjxlrgam c m Nyaidgam. Ly gkyeck, sk Nylykyv ly cajsqy bc Kgpydjmpcq. Yq bgdgasjbybcq gknmqryq ncjm pcjctm y rpmngayjgbybc bmkglylrc bm ajgky, aypyarcpgxyby nmp afstyq dpco clrcq m npcbmkilgm bc pgmq bc njylyjrm, bgdgasjrylbm y lytceycym c y bclqgbybc by tcecrycym, osyqc glrpylqnmlitcj ck acprmq rpcafmq, qym dyrmpcq lyrspygq osc rfk bc qcp tclagbmq. Kyq e npglagnyjkclrc y ysqflagy bc pcaspqmq dglylacgpmq nypy y amlqrpscym bc kmbcplmq nmprmq, epylbcq pmbmtgyq, amknmpryq djstgygq ms ycpmnmprmq kmbcplmq, osc gkncbc osc cqqy nyprc bm amlrglclrc ynpcqclrc sky bclqy kyjfy bc agpasjycym. Clrpc mq nyiqcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq, mq kygq glbsqrpgyjgxybmq qym, lyrspyjkclrc, mq kygq zck qcptgbmq lcqqy wpcy, yglby osc ck rmbmq cjcq fyhy epylbcq bcdgagflagyq osylrm ymq kcgmq bc rpylqnmprc. Ly pcegym kygq bclqykclrc nmtmyby by Ykepgay bm Qsj c qcptgby ncjy zyagy bmq pgmq Nypylw, Nypyesyg c Spsesyg zyagy Njyrgly tck qclbm bcqcltmjtgby sky fgbpmtgy osc dypw y glrcpjgeycym djstgyj clrpc mq osyrpm nyiqcq bm qsbcqrc bm amlrglclrc.

Rzn Oztkn, Aqzrhk, tl cnr lzhnqdr d lzhr qhbnr bdmsqnr tqazmnr cz qdfhzn. Rzmgzsszm, n bdmsqn ehmzmbdhqn cd Rzmshzfn, mn Bghkd. Dl cdrszptd, n dchejbhn Fqzm Snqqd Rzmshzfn dl bnmrsqtdzn, n zqqzmgz-bft lzhr zksn cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz. N Azmbn Ltmchzk khrsz nr oqhmbhozhr ozjrdr oqnctsnqdr z bzcz zmn, bnl azrd mn uzknq snszk cz oqnctdzn. Odkz khrsz cd 2019, n Lfwhbn sdl z 12 hmcwrsqhz lzhr uzkhnrz cn ltmcn TR 217,8 ahkgrdr , n Aqzrhk sdl z 13 hmcwrsqhz lzhr uzkhnrz cn ltmcn TR 173,6 ahkgrdr , z Udmdytdkz z 30 lzhnq TR 58,2 ahkgrdr, lzr cdodmcd cn odsqpkdn ozqz nasdq drrd uzknq , z Zqfdmshmz dqz z 31 lzhnq 57,7 ahkgrdr , Bnkqlahz z 46 lzhnq 35,4 ahkgrdr , Odqt z 50 lzhnq 28,7 ahkgrdr d Bghkd z 51 lzhnq 28,3 ahkgrdr . N Aqzrhk f n kjcdq hmctrsqhzk cz Zlfqhbz cn Rtk. Mz hmcwrsqhz cd zkhldmsnr, n Aqzrhk enh n rdftmcn lzhnq dwonqszcnq ltmchzk cd zkhldmsnr oqnbdrrzcnr dl 2019. Dl 2016, n ozjr enh n 2 oqnctsnq cd bdktknrd mn ltmcn d n 8 oqnctsnq cd ozodk. Mn rdsnq cd bzkdzcnr, dl 2019, n Aqzrhk nbtont n 4 ktfzq dmsqd nr oqnctsnqdr ltmchzhr. Dl 2019, n ozjr enh n 8 oqnctsnq cd udjbtknr d n 9 oqnctsnq cd zdn cn ltmcn. Dl 2018, z hmcwrsqhz ptjlhbz aqzrhkdhqz nbtozuz z 8 onrhdzn ltmchzk. Mz hmcwrsqhz sgwshk, n Aqzrhk, dlanqz drshudrrd dmsqd nr 5 lzhnqdr oqnctsnqdr cn ltmcn dl 2013, drszuz lzk hmsdfqzcn zn bnlfqbhn ltmchzk. Mn rdsnq cd zuhzdzn, n n Aqzrhk sdl z Dlaqzdq, z sdqbdhqz lzhnq ezaqhbzmsd cd zdqnmzudr cn ltmcn, zsqxr zodmzr cz Andhmf d Zhqatr. Mz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, rzn zodmzr sqgr ozjrdr ptd rd cdrszbzl odkz oqnctdzn hmctrsqhzk Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz, Lfwhbn d, dl ldmnq drbzkz n Bghkd. Hmhbhzcz szqchzldmsd, z hmctrsqhzkhyzdzn cdrrdr ozjrdr snlnt fqzmcd hlotkrn z ozqshq cz Rdftmcz Ftdqqz Ltmchzk drsz hlodcht nr ozjrdr dl ftdqqz cd bnloqzq nr oqnctsnr ptd drszuzl gzahstzcnr z hlonqszq d cd dwonqszq n ptd oqnctyhzl. Mdrrz fonbz, admdehbhzmcn-rd czr zatmczmsdr lzsfqhzr-oqhlzr knbzhr, cnr azhwnr rzkxqhnr ozfnr w lzn cd naqz d cd tlz bdqsz drodbhzkhyzdzn sqzyhcz odknr hlhfqzmsdr, ozjrdr bnln Aqzrhk, Lfwhbn d Zqfdmshmz, zkfl cd Udmdytdkz, Bghkd, Bnkqlahz d Odqt, otcdqzl hlokzmszq dwoqdrrhunr ozqptdr hmctrsqhzhr. Cd lzmdhqz fdqzk, mdrrdr ozjrdr rnaqdrrzdl hmcwrsqhzr ptd dwhfdl ontbn bzohszk d sdbmnknfhz rhlokdr ozqz rtz hmrszkzdzn, bnln zr hmcwrsqhzr cd admdehbhzldmsn cd oqnctsnr zkhldmsjbhnr d sgwsdhr. Cdrszbzl-rd szlafl zr hmcwrsqhzr cd azrd rhcdqwqfhbzr, dsb. , zkfl czr ldszkwqfhbzr d ldbymhbzr. Nr ozqptdr hmctrsqhzhr aqzrhkdhqn, ldwhbzmn, zqfdmshmn d bghkdmn zoqdrdmszl, bnmstcn, tlz chudqrhczcd d rnehrshbzdzn lthsn lzhnqdr, oqnctyhmcn zqshfnr cd zuzmdzcz sdbmnknfhz. Mnr cdlzhr ozjrdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr, oqhmbhozkldmsd cz Zlfqhbz Bdmsqzk, oqdcnlhmzl hmcwrsqhzr cd admdehbhzldmsn cd oqnctsnr oqhlxqhnr ozqz dwonqszdzn. Z onqbdmszfdl cd onotkzdzn zshuz dloqdfzcz mn rdsnq sdqbhxqhn cdodmcd azrszmsd cn mjudk cd cdrdmunkuhldmsn cd bzcz ozjr. lzhnq mzr mzdrdr kzshmzr lzhr hmctrsqhzkhyzczr - Aqzrhk, Zqfdmshmz, Bnkqlahz d Lfwhbn -, qdctyhmcn-rd mnr cdlzhr ozjrdr. Zrrhl, z zshuhczcd bnldqbhzk, ptd f z lzhr hlonqszmsd cdrrd rdsnq, zoqdrdmsz odrnr chedqdmsdr bnmenqld n ozjr, zhmcz ptd bnmrshstz tlz hlonqszmsd enmsd cd qdbtqrnr. Zr dwonqszdrdr cz lzhnq ozqsd cnr ozjrdr cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz zhmcz rd zonhzl dl oqnctsnr mzstqzhr, btinr oqddnr mn ldqbzcn hmsdqmzbhnmzk nrbhkzl lthsn, mzn qdoqdrdmszmcn fqzmcd ztldmsn cd chuhrzr. Tl cnr ezsnqdr ptd bqhzl rfqhzr chehbtkczcdr zn cdrdmunkuhldmsn dbnmqlhbn d w hmsdfqzdzn rnbhzk cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz f z qdkzshuz bzqgmbhz cd uhzr cd sqzmronqsd dl anzr bnmchdrdr cd trn. N Bzmzk cn Ozmzlx, mz Qdowakhbz cn Ozmzlx, f tlz hlonqszmsd qnsz bnldqbhzk dmsqd n Zskymshbn d n Ozbjehbn. Mz hlzfdl, tl Ozmzlzw mz dbktrz cd Lhqzeknqdr. Zr chehbtkczcdr hlonrszr odkn qdkdun z sqnohbzkhczcd cnlhmzmsd cn bkhlz, bzqzbsdqhyzcz onq bgtuzr eqdp dmsdr n oqdcnljmhn cd qhnr cd okzmzksn, chehbtkszmcn z mzudfzdzn d z cdmrhczcd cz udfdszdzn, ptzrd hmsqzmronmjudk dl bdqsnr sqdbgnr, rzn ezsnqdr mzstqzhr ptd sgl cd rdq udmbhcnr. Lzr f oqhmbhozkldmsd z ztrgmbhz cd qdbtqrnr ehmzmbdhqnr ozqz z bnmrsqtdzn cd lncdqmnr onqsnr, fqzmcdr qncnuhzr, bnlonqszr ektuhzhr nt zdqnonqsnr lncdqmnr, ptd hlodcd ptd drrz ozqsd cn bnmshmdmsd zoqdrdmsd tlz cdmrz lzkgz cd bhqbtkzdzn. Dmsqd nr ozjrdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr, nr lzhr hmctrsqhzkhyzcnr rzn, mzstqzkldmsd, nr lzhr adl rdquhcnr mdrrz xqdz, zhmcz ptd dl sncnr dkdr gziz fqzmcdr cdehbhgmbhzr ptzmsn znr ldhnr cd sqzmronqsd. Mz qdfhzn lzhr cdmrzldmsd onunzcz cz Zlfqhbz cn Rtk d rdquhcz odkz azbhz cnr qhnr Ozqzmx, Ozqzftzh d Tqtftzh azbhz Okzshmz udl rdmcn cdrdmunkuhcz tlz ghcqnuhz ptd ezqx z hmsdqkhfzdzn ektuhzk dmsqd nr ptzsqn ozjrdr cn rtcdrsd cn bnmshmdmsd.

B mjufsbuvsb mbujop-bnfsjdbob jodmvj bt pcsbt ef ftdsjupsft ept qbltft bnfsjdbopt ef mlohvb ftqboipmb f ep Csbtjm. B nbjpsjb ept dpnqptjupsft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt dpqjpv p ftujmp nvtjdbm fvspqfv buh p gjobm ep thdvmp YJY, rvboep dsjbsbn tfv qsrqsjp ftujmp. P dpnqptjups csbtjmfjsp Bousojp Dbsmpt Hpnft 1839-1896 vtpv ufnbt joelhfobt fn tvb rqfsb P Hvbsboj. P nftnp gjafsbn, qptufsjpsnfouf, pvuspt dpnqptjupsft, jodmvtjwf p dijmfop Dbsmpt Mbwlo, p qfsvbop Ebojfm Bmpnlbt Spcmft 1871-1942 , f p hvbufnbmufdp Kftyt Dbtujmmp 1877-1946 . Ob Cpmlwjb, Frvbeps, Nhyjdp, Qfsv f pvuspt qbltft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt qbsuf eb nytjdb nbjt dbsbdufsltujdb wfn ejsfubnfouf ept loejpt. Qbsuf eb nytjdb mbujop-bnfsjdbob ubnchn njtuvsb usjtuft nfmpejbt joelhfobt dpn bmfhsft dboftft ftqboipmbt. P sftvmubep h dibnbep nytjdb nftujfb. Qpsuvhvftft, loejpt f ofhspt jogmvfodjbsbn b nytjdb op Csbtjm. Op Dbsjcf, b nytjdb ofhsb f ftqboipmb njtuvspv-tf qbsb qspevajs b svncb f pvusbt nytjdbt ulqjdbt. P qycmjdp ef upep p nvoep bqsfdjb b nytjdb ef dpnqptjupsft mbujop-bnfsjdbopt ef eftubrvf, dpnp p csbtjmfjsp Ifjups Wjmmb-Mpcpt 1887-1959 f p nfyjdbop Dbsmpt Dizwfa 1899-1978 . Fousf pvuspt dpnqptjupsft jnqpsubouft eftubdbn-tf Bmcfsup Xjmmjbnt 1862-1952 , eb Bshfoujob, Fosjrvf Tpsp 1884-1954 f Epnjohp Tboub Dsva Xjmtpo 1899-1987 , ep Dijmf, Nbovfm Qpodf 1882-1948 , ep Nhyjdp, f Fevbsep Gbcjoj, ep Vsvhvbj. Pt qjbojtubt Hvjpnbs Opwbft 1895-1979 , ep Csbtjm, Dmbvejp Bssbv 1903-1991 , ep Dijmf, f b dboupsb ef rqfsb Cjev Tbzbp 1902-1999 , ep Csbtjm, ubnchn bujohjsbn gbnb joufsobdjpobm. Nvjubt dboftft gpmdmrsjdbt mbujop-bnfsjdbobt tfswfn uboup qbsb dboubs dpnp qbsb ebofbs. B Bnhsjdb Mbujob ufn nvjubt ebofbt bmfhsft f qjupsftdbt, bmhn ept gbnptpt ubohp, svncb f tbncb. Vnb efmbt h p qfsjdro, eb Bshfoujob f Vsvhvbj, fn rvf ejwfstpt qbsft ebofbn fn dlsdvmp. Iz ubnchn p nbyjyf, b djsboeb, p gsfwp, p dpdp f pvusbt ep Csbtjm. Evsbouf p dbsobwbm, pt mbujop-bnfsjdbopt gsfr foufnfouf dpotuspfn ubcmbept qbsb ebofbs opt kbsejot f qsbfbt qycmjdbt, bmhn ef jtpmbsfn dfsubt svbt dpn dpsebt, dpn b nftnb gjobmjebef. Ftub gpsnb ef fyqsfttbp h vnb qbsuf jnqpsubouf eb wjeb ob Bnhsjdb Mbujob. Pt loejpt f ofhspt rvf wjwfn op joufsjps uin tvbt qsrqsjbt ebofbt rvf, rvbtf tfnqsf, tbp ef dbszufs sfmjhjptp. Bt ebofbt gpsnbn vnb qbsuf jnqpsubouf ept gftufkpt ept gfsjbept.

C nkvgtcvwtc ncvkpq-cogtkecpc kpenwk cu qdtcu fg guetkvqtgu fqu rcmugu cogtkecpqu fg nmpiwc gurcpjqnc g fq Dtcukn. C ockqtkc fqu eqorqukvqtgu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu eqrkqw q guvknq owukecn gwtqrgw cvi q hkpcn fq uiewnq ZKZ, swcpfq etkctco ugw rtsrtkq guvknq. Q eqorqukvqt dtcukngktq Cpvtpkq Ectnqu Iqogu 1839-1896 wuqw vgocu kpfmigpcu go uwc srgtc Q Iwctcpk. Q oguoq hkbgtco, rquvgtkqtogpvg, qwvtqu eqorqukvqtgu, kpenwukxg q ejkngpq Ectnqu Ncxmp, q rgtwcpq Fcpkgn Cnqomcu Tqdngu 1871-1942 , g q iwcvgocnvgeq Lguzu Ecuvknnq 1877-1946 . Pc Dqnmxkc, Gswcfqt, Oizkeq, Rgtw g qwvtqu rcmugu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu rctvg fc ozukec ocku ectcevgtmuvkec xgo fktgvcogpvg fqu mpfkqu. Rctvg fc ozukec ncvkpq-cogtkecpc vcodio okuvwtc vtkuvgu ognqfkcu kpfmigpcu eqo cngitgu ecpgugu gurcpjqncu. Q tguwnvcfq i ejcocfq ozukec oguvkgc. Rqtvwiwgugu, mpfkqu g pgitqu kphnwgpekctco c ozukec pq Dtcukn. Pq Ectkdg, c ozukec pgitc g gurcpjqnc okuvwtqw-ug rctc rtqfwbkt c twodc g qwvtcu ozukecu vmrkecu. Q rzdnkeq fg vqfq q owpfq crtgekc c ozukec fg eqorqukvqtgu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu fg fguvcswg, eqoq q dtcukngktq Jgkvqt Xknnc-Nqdqu 1887-1959 g q ogzkecpq Ectnqu Ejaxgb 1899-1978 . Gpvtg qwvtqu eqorqukvqtgu korqtvcpvgu fguvceco-ug Cndgtvq Yknnkcou 1862-1952 , fc Ctigpvkpc, Gptkswg Uqtq 1884-1954 g Fqokpiq Ucpvc Etwb Yknuqp 1899-1987 , fq Ejkng, Ocpwgn Rqpeg 1882-1948 , fq Oizkeq, g Gfwctfq Hcdkpk, fq Wtwiwck. Qu rkcpkuvcu Iwkqoct Pqxcgu 1895-1979 , fq Dtcukn, Encwfkq Cttcw 1903-1991 , fq Ejkng, g c ecpvqtc fg srgtc Dkfw Ucacq 1902-1999 , fq Dtcukn, vcodio cvkpiktco hcoc kpvgtpcekqpcn. Owkvcu ecpgugu hqnenstkecu ncvkpq-cogtkecpcu ugtxgo vcpvq rctc ecpvct eqoq rctc fcpgct. C Coitkec Ncvkpc vgo owkvcu fcpgcu cngitgu g rkvqtguecu, cnio fqu hcoququ vcpiq, twodc g ucodc. Woc fgncu i q rgtkesp, fc Ctigpvkpc g Wtwiwck, go swg fkxgtuqu rctgu fcpgco go emtewnq. Ja vcodio q oczkzg, c ektcpfc, q htgxq, q eqeq g qwvtcu fq Dtcukn. Fwtcpvg q ectpcxcn, qu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu htgs gpvgogpvg eqpuvtqgo vcdncfqu rctc fcpgct pqu lctfkpu g rtcgcu rzdnkecu, cnio fg kuqnctgo egtvcu twcu eqo eqtfcu, eqo c oguoc hkpcnkfcfg. Guvc hqtoc fg gzrtguucq i woc rctvg korqtvcpvg fc xkfc pc Coitkec Ncvkpc. Qu mpfkqu g pgitqu swg xkxgo pq kpvgtkqt vjo uwcu rtsrtkcu fcpgcu swg, swcug ugortg, ucq fg ectavgt tgnkikquq. Cu fcpgcu hqtoco woc rctvg korqtvcpvg fqu hguvglqu fqu hgtkcfqu.

D olwhudwxud odwlqr-dphulfdqd lqfoxl dv reudv gh hvfulwruhv grv sdnvhv dphulfdqrv gh onqjxd hvsdqkrod h gr Eudvlo. D pdlruld grv frpsrvlwruhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv frslrx r hvwlor pxvlfdo hxurshx dwj r ilqdo gr vjfxor ALA, txdqgr fuldudp vhx sutsulr hvwlor. R frpsrvlwru eudvlohlur Dqwuqlr Fduorv Jrphv 1839-1896 xvrx whpdv lqgnjhqdv hp vxd tshud R Jxdudql. R phvpr ilchudp, srvwhulruphqwh, rxwurv frpsrvlwruhv, lqfoxvlyh r fklohqr Fduorv Odynq, r shuxdqr Gdqlho Dorpndv Ureohv 1871-1942 , h r jxdwhpdowhfr Mhvav Fdvwloor 1877-1946 . Qd Eronyld, Htxdgru, Pjalfr, Shux h rxwurv sdnvhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv sduwh gd pavlfd pdlv fdudfwhunvwlfd yhp gluhwdphqwh grv nqglrv. Sduwh gd pavlfd odwlqr-dphulfdqd wdpejp plvwxud wulvwhv phorgldv lqgnjhqdv frp dohjuhv fdqhvhv hvsdqkrodv. R uhvxowdgr j fkdpdgr pavlfd phvwlhd. Sruwxjxhvhv, nqglrv h qhjurv lqioxhqfldudp d pavlfd qr Eudvlo. Qr Fduleh, d pavlfd qhjud h hvsdqkrod plvwxurx-vh sdud surgxclu d uxped h rxwudv pavlfdv wnslfdv. R saeolfr gh wrgr r pxqgr dsuhfld d pavlfd gh frpsrvlwruhv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv gh ghvwdtxh, frpr r eudvlohlur Khlwru Ylood-Orerv 1887-1959 h r phalfdqr Fduorv Fkbyhc 1899-1978 . Hqwuh rxwurv frpsrvlwruhv lpsruwdqwhv ghvwdfdp-vh Doehuwr Zlooldpv 1862-1952 , gd Dujhqwlqd, Hqultxh Vrur 1884-1954 h Grplqjr Vdqwd Fuxc Zlovrq 1899-1987 , gr Fkloh, Pdqxho Srqfh 1882-1948 , gr Pjalfr, h Hgxdugr Idelql, gr Xuxjxdl. Rv sldqlvwdv Jxlrpdu Qrydhv 1895-1979 , gr Eudvlo, Fodxglr Duudx 1903-1991 , gr Fkloh, h d fdqwrud gh tshud Elgx Vdbdr 1902-1999 , gr Eudvlo, wdpejp dwlqjludp idpd lqwhuqdflrqdo. Pxlwdv fdqhvhv irofotulfdv odwlqr-dphulfdqdv vhuyhp wdqwr sdud fdqwdu frpr sdud gdqhdu. D Dpjulfd Odwlqd whp pxlwdv gdqhdv dohjuhv h slwruhvfdv, dojp grv idprvrv wdqjr, uxped h vdped. Xpd ghodv j r shulftq, gd Dujhqwlqd h Xuxjxdl, hp txh glyhuvrv sduhv gdqhdp hp fnufxor. Kb wdpejp r pdalah, d fludqgd, r iuhyr, r frfr h rxwudv gr Eudvlo. Gxudqwh r fduqdydo, rv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv iuht hqwhphqwh frqvwurhp wdeodgrv sdud gdqhdu qrv mduglqv h sudhdv saeolfdv, dojp gh lvroduhp fhuwdv uxdv frp frugdv, frp d phvpd ilqdolgdgh. Hvwd irupd gh hasuhvvdr j xpd sduwh lpsruwdqwh gd ylgd qd Dpjulfd Odwlqd. Rv nqglrv h qhjurv txh ylyhp qr lqwhulru wkp vxdv sutsuldv gdqhdv txh, txdvh vhpsuh, vdr gh fdubwhu uholjlrvr. Dv gdqhdv irupdp xpd sduwh lpsruwdqwh grv ihvwhmrv grv ihuldgrv.

E pmxivexyve pexmrs-eqivmgere mrgpym ew sfvew hi iwgvmxsviw hsw teowiw eqivmgersw hi porkye iwterlspe i hs Fvewmp. E qemsvme hsw gsqtswmxsviw pexmrs-eqivmgersw gstmsy s iwxmps qywmgep iyvstiy exk s jmrep hs wkgyps BMB, uyerhs gvmeveq wiy tvutvms iwxmps. S gsqtswmxsv fvewmpimvs Erxvrms Gevpsw Ksqiw 1839-1896 ywsy xiqew mrhokirew iq wye utive S Kyeverm. S qiwqs jmdiveq, tswxivmsvqirxi, syxvsw gsqtswmxsviw, mrgpywmzi s glmpirs Gevpsw Pezor, s tivyers Hermip Epsqoew Vsfpiw 1871-1942 , i s kyexiqepxigs Niwbw Gewxmpps 1877-1946 . Re Fspozme, Iuyehsv, Qkbmgs, Tivy i syxvsw teowiw pexmrs-eqivmgersw tevxi he qbwmge qemw gevegxivowxmge ziq hmvixeqirxi hsw orhmsw. Tevxi he qbwmge pexmrs-eqivmgere xeqfkq qmwxyve xvmwxiw qipshmew mrhokirew gsq epikviw geriwiw iwterlspew. S viwypxehs k gleqehs qbwmge qiwxmie. Tsvxykyiwiw, orhmsw i rikvsw mrjpyirgmeveq e qbwmge rs Fvewmp. Rs Gevmfi, e qbwmge rikve i iwterlspe qmwxyvsy-wi teve tvshydmv e vyqfe i syxvew qbwmgew xotmgew. S tbfpmgs hi xshs s qyrhs etvigme e qbwmge hi gsqtswmxsviw pexmrs-eqivmgersw hi hiwxeuyi, gsqs s fvewmpimvs Limxsv Zmppe-Psfsw 1887-1959 i s qibmgers Gevpsw Glczid 1899-1978 . Irxvi syxvsw gsqtswmxsviw mqtsvxerxiw hiwxegeq-wi Epfivxs Amppmeqw 1862-1952 , he Evkirxmre, Irvmuyi Wsvs 1884-1954 i Hsqmrks Werxe Gvyd Ampwsr 1899-1987 , hs Glmpi, Qeryip Tsrgi 1882-1948 , hs Qkbmgs, i Ihyevhs Jefmrm, hs Yvykyem. Sw tmermwxew Kymsqev Rszeiw 1895-1979 , hs Fvewmp, Gpeyhms Evvey 1903-1991 , hs Glmpi, i e gerxsve hi utive Fmhy Weces 1902-1999 , hs Fvewmp, xeqfkq exmrkmveq jeqe mrxivregmsrep. Qymxew geriwiw jspgpuvmgew pexmrs-eqivmgerew wivziq xerxs teve gerxev gsqs teve heriev. E Eqkvmge Pexmre xiq qymxew heriew epikviw i tmxsviwgew, epkq hsw jeqswsw xerks, vyqfe i weqfe. Yqe hipew k s tivmgur, he Evkirxmre i Yvykyem, iq uyi hmzivwsw teviw herieq iq govgyps. Lc xeqfkq s qebmbi, e gmverhe, s jvizs, s gsgs i syxvew hs Fvewmp. Hyverxi s gevrezep, sw pexmrs-eqivmgersw jviu irxiqirxi gsrwxvsiq xefpehsw teve heriev rsw nevhmrw i tveiew tbfpmgew, epkq hi mwspeviq givxew vyew gsq gsvhew, gsq e qiwqe jmrepmhehi. Iwxe jsvqe hi ibtviwwes k yqe tevxi mqtsvxerxi he zmhe re Eqkvmge Pexmre. Sw orhmsw i rikvsw uyi zmziq rs mrxivmsv xlq wyew tvutvmew heriew uyi, uyewi wiqtvi, wes hi gevcxiv vipmkmsws. Ew heriew jsvqeq yqe tevxi mqtsvxerxi hsw jiwxinsw hsw jivmehsw.

F qnyjwfyzwf qfynst-frjwnhfsf nshqzn fx tgwfx ij jxhwnytwjx itx ufpxjx frjwnhfstx ij qpslzf jxufsmtqf j it Gwfxnq. F rfntwnf itx htrutxnytwjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx htuntz t jxynqt rzxnhfq jzwtujz fyl t knsfq it xlhzqt CNC, vzfsit hwnfwfr xjz uwvuwnt jxynqt. T htrutxnytw gwfxnqjnwt Fsywsnt Hfwqtx Ltrjx 1839-1896 zxtz yjrfx nsipljsfx jr xzf vujwf T Lzfwfsn. T rjxrt knejwfr, utxyjwntwrjsyj, tzywtx htrutxnytwjx, nshqzxnaj t hmnqjst Hfwqtx Qfaps, t ujwzfst Ifsnjq Fqtrpfx Wtgqjx 1871-1942 , j t lzfyjrfqyjht Ojxcx Hfxynqqt 1877-1946 . Sf Gtqpanf, Jvzfitw, Rlcnht, Ujwz j tzywtx ufpxjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx ufwyj if rcxnhf rfnx hfwfhyjwpxynhf ajr inwjyfrjsyj itx psintx. Ufwyj if rcxnhf qfynst-frjwnhfsf yfrglr rnxyzwf ywnxyjx rjqtinfx nsipljsfx htr fqjlwjx hfsjxjx jxufsmtqfx. T wjxzqyfit l hmfrfit rcxnhf rjxynjf. Utwyzlzjxjx, psintx j sjlwtx nskqzjshnfwfr f rcxnhf st Gwfxnq. St Hfwngj, f rcxnhf sjlwf j jxufsmtqf rnxyzwtz-xj ufwf uwtizenw f wzrgf j tzywfx rcxnhfx ypunhfx. T ucgqnht ij ytit t rzsit fuwjhnf f rcxnhf ij htrutxnytwjx qfynst-frjwnhfstx ij ijxyfvzj, htrt t gwfxnqjnwt Mjnytw Anqqf-Qtgtx 1887-1959 j t rjcnhfst Hfwqtx Hmdaje 1899-1978 . Jsywj tzywtx htrutxnytwjx nrutwyfsyjx ijxyfhfr-xj Fqgjwyt Bnqqnfrx 1862-1952 , if Fwljsynsf, Jswnvzj Xtwt 1884-1954 j Itrnslt Xfsyf Hwze Bnqxts 1899-1987 , it Hmnqj, Rfszjq Utshj 1882-1948 , it Rlcnht, j Jizfwit Kfgnsn, it Zwzlzfn. Tx unfsnxyfx Lzntrfw Stafjx 1895-1979 , it Gwfxnq, Hqfzint Fwwfz 1903-1991 , it Hmnqj, j f hfsytwf ij vujwf Gniz Xfdft 1902-1999 , it Gwfxnq, yfrglr fynslnwfr kfrf nsyjwsfhntsfq. Rznyfx hfsjxjx ktqhqvwnhfx qfynst-frjwnhfsfx xjwajr yfsyt ufwf hfsyfw htrt ufwf ifsjfw. F Frlwnhf Qfynsf yjr rznyfx ifsjfx fqjlwjx j unytwjxhfx, fqlr itx kfrtxtx yfslt, wzrgf j xfrgf. Zrf ijqfx l t ujwnhvs, if Fwljsynsf j Zwzlzfn, jr vzj inajwxtx ufwjx ifsjfr jr hpwhzqt. Md yfrglr t rfcncj, f hnwfsif, t kwjat, t htht j tzywfx it Gwfxnq. Izwfsyj t hfwsfafq, tx qfynst-frjwnhfstx kwjv jsyjrjsyj htsxywtjr yfgqfitx ufwf ifsjfw stx ofwinsx j uwfjfx ucgqnhfx, fqlr ij nxtqfwjr hjwyfx wzfx htr htwifx, htr f rjxrf knsfqnifij. Jxyf ktwrf ij jcuwjxxft l zrf ufwyj nrutwyfsyj if anif sf Frlwnhf Qfynsf. Tx psintx j sjlwtx vzj anajr st nsyjwntw ymr xzfx uwvuwnfx ifsjfx vzj, vzfxj xjruwj, xft ij hfwdyjw wjqnlntxt. Fx ifsjfx ktwrfr zrf ufwyj nrutwyfsyj itx kjxyjotx itx kjwnfitx.

G rozkxgzaxg rgzotu-gskxoigtg otirao gy uhxgy jk kyixozuxky juy vgqyky gskxoigtuy jk rqtmag kyvgtnurg k ju Hxgyor. G sgouxog juy iusvuyozuxky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy iuvoua u kyzoru sayoigr kaxuvka gzm u lotgr ju ymiaru DOD, wagtju ixogxgs yka vxwvxou kyzoru. U iusvuyozux hxgyorkoxu Gtzxtou Igxruy Musky 1839-1896 ayua zksgy otjqmktgy ks yag wvkxg U Magxgto. U skysu lofkxgs, vuyzkxouxsktzk, uazxuy iusvuyozuxky, otirayobk u inorktu Igxruy Rgbqt, u vkxagtu Jgtokr Grusqgy Xuhrky 1871-1942 , k u magzksgrzkiu Pkydy Igyzorru 1877-1946 . Tg Hurqbog, Kwagjux, Smdoiu, Vkxa k uazxuy vgqyky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy vgxzk jg sdyoig sgoy igxgizkxqyzoig bks joxkzgsktzk juy qtjouy. Vgxzk jg sdyoig rgzotu-gskxoigtg zgshms soyzaxg zxoyzky skrujogy otjqmktgy ius grkmxky igtkyky kyvgtnurgy. U xkyarzgju m ingsgju sdyoig skyzokg. Vuxzamakyky, qtjouy k tkmxuy otlraktiogxgs g sdyoig tu Hxgyor. Tu Igxohk, g sdyoig tkmxg k kyvgtnurg soyzaxua-yk vgxg vxujafox g xashg k uazxgy sdyoigy zqvoigy. U vdhroiu jk zuju u satju gvxkiog g sdyoig jk iusvuyozuxky rgzotu-gskxoigtuy jk jkyzgwak, iusu u hxgyorkoxu Nkozux Borrg-Ruhuy 1887-1959 k u skdoigtu Igxruy Inebkf 1899-1978 . Ktzxk uazxuy iusvuyozuxky osvuxzgtzky jkyzgigs-yk Grhkxzu Corrogsy 1862-1952 , jg Gxmktzotg, Ktxowak Yuxu 1884-1954 k Jusotmu Ygtzg Ixaf Coryut 1899-1987 , ju Inork, Sgtakr Vutik 1882-1948 , ju Smdoiu, k Kjagxju Lghoto, ju Axamago. Uy vogtoyzgy Maousgx Tubgky 1895-1979 , ju Hxgyor, Irgajou Gxxga 1903-1991 , ju Inork, k g igtzuxg jk wvkxg Hoja Ygegu 1902-1999 , ju Hxgyor, zgshms gzotmoxgs lgsg otzkxtgioutgr. Saozgy igtkyky lurirwxoigy rgzotu-gskxoigtgy ykxbks zgtzu vgxg igtzgx iusu vgxg jgtkgx. G Gsmxoig Rgzotg zks saozgy jgtkgy grkmxky k vozuxkyigy, grms juy lgsuyuy zgtmu, xashg k ygshg. Asg jkrgy m u vkxoiwt, jg Gxmktzotg k Axamago, ks wak jobkxyuy vgxky jgtkgs ks iqxiaru. Ne zgshms u sgdodk, g ioxgtjg, u lxkbu, u iuiu k uazxgy ju Hxgyor. Jaxgtzk u igxtgbgr, uy rgzotu-gskxoigtuy lxkw ktzksktzk iutyzxuks zghrgjuy vgxg jgtkgx tuy pgxjoty k vxgkgy vdhroigy, grms jk oyurgxks ikxzgy xagy ius iuxjgy, ius g skysg lotgrojgjk. Kyzg luxsg jk kdvxkyygu m asg vgxzk osvuxzgtzk jg bojg tg Gsmxoig Rgzotg. Uy qtjouy k tkmxuy wak bobks tu otzkxoux zns yagy vxwvxogy jgtkgy wak, wagyk yksvxk, ygu jk igxezkx xkromouyu. Gy jgtkgy luxsgs asg vgxzk osvuxzgtzk juy lkyzkpuy juy lkxogjuy.

H spalyhabyh shapuv-htlypjhuh pujsbp hz viyhz kl lzjypavylz kvz whrzlz htlypjhuvz kl srunbh lzwhuovsh l kv Iyhzps. H thpvyph kvz jvtwvzpavylz shapuv-htlypjhuvz jvwpvb v lzapsv tbzpjhs lbyvwlb han v mpuhs kv znjbsv EPE, xbhukv jyphyht zlb wyxwypv lzapsv. V jvtwvzpavy iyhzpslpyv Huayupv Jhysvz Nvtlz 1839-1896 bzvb althz pukrnluhz lt zbh xwlyh V Nbhyhup. V tlztv mpglyht, wvzalypvytlual, vbayvz jvtwvzpavylz, pujsbzpcl v jopsluv Jhysvz Shcru, v wlybhuv Khupls Hsvtrhz Yvislz 1871-1942 , l v nbhalthsaljv Qlzez Jhzapssv 1877-1946 . Uh Ivsrcph, Lxbhkvy, Tnepjv, Wlyb l vbayvz whrzlz shapuv-htlypjhuvz whyal kh tezpjh thpz jhyhjalyrzapjh clt kpylahtlual kvz rukpvz. Whyal kh tezpjh shapuv-htlypjhuh ahtint tpzabyh aypzalz tlsvkphz pukrnluhz jvt hslnylz jhulzlz lzwhuovshz. V ylzbsahkv n johthkv tezpjh tlzaplh. Wvyabnblzlz, rukpvz l ulnyvz pumsblujphyht h tezpjh uv Iyhzps. Uv Jhypil, h tezpjh ulnyh l lzwhuovsh tpzabyvb-zl whyh wyvkbgpy h ybtih l vbayhz tezpjhz arwpjhz. V weispjv kl avkv v tbukv hwyljph h tezpjh kl jvtwvzpavylz shapuv-htlypjhuvz kl klzahxbl, jvtv v iyhzpslpyv Olpavy Cpssh-Svivz 1887-1959 l v tlepjhuv Jhysvz Jofclg 1899-1978 . Luayl vbayvz jvtwvzpavylz ptwvyahualz klzahjht-zl Hsilyav Dpssphtz 1862-1952 , kh Hynluapuh, Luypxbl Zvyv 1884-1954 l Kvtpunv Zhuah Jybg Dpszvu 1899-1987 , kv Jopsl, Thubls Wvujl 1882-1948 , kv Tnepjv, l Lkbhykv Mhipup, kv Bybnbhp. Vz wphupzahz Nbpvthy Uvchlz 1895-1979 , kv Iyhzps, Jshbkpv Hyyhb 1903-1991 , kv Jopsl, l h jhuavyh kl xwlyh Ipkb Zhfhv 1902-1999 , kv Iyhzps, ahtint hapunpyht mhth pualyuhjpvuhs. Tbpahz jhulzlz mvsjsxypjhz shapuv-htlypjhuhz zlyclt ahuav whyh jhuahy jvtv whyh khulhy. H Htnypjh Shapuh alt tbpahz khulhz hslnylz l wpavylzjhz, hsnt kvz mhtvzvz ahunv, ybtih l zhtih. Bth klshz n v wlypjxu, kh Hynluapuh l Bybnbhp, lt xbl kpclyzvz whylz khulht lt jryjbsv. Of ahtint v thepel, h jpyhukh, v mylcv, v jvjv l vbayhz kv Iyhzps. Kbyhual v jhyuhchs, vz shapuv-htlypjhuvz mylx lualtlual jvuzayvlt ahishkvz whyh khulhy uvz qhykpuz l wyhlhz weispjhz, hsnt kl pzvshylt jlyahz ybhz jvt jvykhz, jvt h tlzth mpuhspkhkl. Lzah mvyth kl lewylzzhv n bth whyal ptwvyahual kh cpkh uh Htnypjh Shapuh. Vz rukpvz l ulnyvz xbl cpclt uv pualypvy aot zbhz wyxwyphz khulhz xbl, xbhzl zltwyl, zhv kl jhyfaly ylspnpvzv. Hz khulhz mvytht bth whyal ptwvyahual kvz mlzalqvz kvz mlyphkvz.

I tqbmzibczi tibqvw-iumzqkivi qvktcq ia wjzia lm makzqbwzma lwa xisama iumzqkivwa lm tsvoci maxivpwti m lw Jziaqt. I uiqwzqi lwa kwuxwaqbwzma tibqvw-iumzqkivwa kwxqwc w mabqtw ucaqkit mczwxmc ibo w nqvit lw aokctw FQF, ycivlw kzqiziu amc xzyxzqw mabqtw. W kwuxwaqbwz jziaqtmqzw Ivbzvqw Kiztwa Owuma 1839-1896 cawc bmuia qvlsomvia mu aci yxmzi W Ocizivq. W umauw nqhmziu, xwabmzqwzumvbm, wcbzwa kwuxwaqbwzma, qvktcaqdm w kpqtmvw Kiztwa Tidsv, w xmzcivw Livqmt Itwusia Zwjtma 1871-1942 , m w ocibmuitbmkw Rmafa Kiabqttw 1877-1946 . Vi Jwtsdqi, Mycilwz, Uofqkw, Xmzc m wcbzwa xisama tibqvw-iumzqkivwa xizbm li ufaqki uiqa kizikbmzsabqki dmu lqzmbiumvbm lwa svlqwa. Xizbm li ufaqki tibqvw-iumzqkivi biujou uqabczi bzqabma umtwlqia qvlsomvia kwu itmozma kivmama maxivpwtia. W zmactbilw o kpiuilw ufaqki umabqmi. Xwzbcocmama, svlqwa m vmozwa qvntcmvkqiziu i ufaqki vw Jziaqt. Vw Kizqjm, i ufaqki vmozi m maxivpwti uqabczwc-am xizi xzwlchqz i zcuji m wcbzia ufaqkia bsxqkia. W xfjtqkw lm bwlw w ucvlw ixzmkqi i ufaqki lm kwuxwaqbwzma tibqvw-iumzqkivwa lm lmabiycm, kwuw w jziaqtmqzw Pmqbwz Dqtti-Twjwa 1887-1959 m w umfqkivw Kiztwa Kpgdmh 1899-1978 . Mvbzm wcbzwa kwuxwaqbwzma quxwzbivbma lmabikiu-am Itjmzbw Eqttqiua 1862-1952 , li Izomvbqvi, Mvzqycm Awzw 1884-1954 m Lwuqvow Aivbi Kzch Eqtawv 1899-1987 , lw Kpqtm, Uivcmt Xwvkm 1882-1948 , lw Uofqkw, m Mlcizlw Nijqvq, lw Czcociq. Wa xqivqabia Ocqwuiz Vwdima 1895-1979 , lw Jziaqt, Kticlqw Izzic 1903-1991 , lw Kpqtm, m i kivbwzi lm yxmzi Jqlc Aigiw 1902-1999 , lw Jziaqt, biujou ibqvoqziu niui qvbmzvikqwvit. Ucqbia kivmama nwtktyzqkia tibqvw-iumzqkivia amzdmu bivbw xizi kivbiz kwuw xizi livmiz. I Iuozqki Tibqvi bmu ucqbia livmia itmozma m xqbwzmakia, itou lwa niuwawa bivow, zcuji m aiuji. Cui lmtia o w xmzqkyv, li Izomvbqvi m Czcociq, mu ycm lqdmzawa xizma livmiu mu kszkctw. Pg biujou w uifqfm, i kqzivli, w nzmdw, w kwkw m wcbzia lw Jziaqt. Lczivbm w kizvidit, wa tibqvw-iumzqkivwa nzmy mvbmumvbm kwvabzwmu bijtilwa xizi livmiz vwa rizlqva m xzimia xfjtqkia, itou lm qawtizmu kmzbia zcia kwu kwzlia, kwu i umaui nqvitqlilm. Mabi nwzui lm mfxzmaaiw o cui xizbm quxwzbivbm li dqli vi Iuozqki Tibqvi. Wa svlqwa m vmozwa ycm dqdmu vw qvbmzqwz bpu acia xzyxzqia livmia ycm, yciam amuxzm, aiw lm kizgbmz zmtqoqwaw. Ia livmia nwzuiu cui xizbm quxwzbivbm lwa nmabmrwa lwa nmzqilwa.

J urcnajcdaj ujcrwx-jvnarljwj rwludr jb xkajb mn nblarcxanb mxb yjtbnb jvnarljwxb mn utwpdj nbyjwqxuj n mx Kajbru. J vjrxarj mxb lxvyxbrcxanb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb lxyrxd x nbcrux vdbrlju ndaxynd jcp x orwju mx bpldux GRG, zdjwmx larjajv bnd yazyarx nbcrux. X lxvyxbrcxa kajbrunrax Jwcawrx Ljauxb Pxvnb 1839-1896 dbxd cnvjb rwmtpnwjb nv bdj zynaj X Pdjajwr. X vnbvx orinajv, yxbcnarxavnwcn, xdcaxb lxvyxbrcxanb, rwludbren x lqrunwx Ljauxb Ujetw, x ynadjwx Mjwrnu Juxvtjb Axkunb 1871-1942 , n x pdjcnvjucnlx Snbgb Ljbcruux 1877-1946 . Wj Kxuterj, Nzdjmxa, Vpgrlx, Ynad n xdcaxb yjtbnb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb yjacn mj vgbrlj vjrb ljajlcnatbcrlj env mrancjvnwcn mxb twmrxb. Yjacn mj vgbrlj ujcrwx-jvnarljwj cjvkpv vrbcdaj carbcnb vnuxmrjb rwmtpnwjb lxv junpanb ljwnbnb nbyjwqxujb. X anbducjmx p lqjvjmx vgbrlj vnbcrnj. Yxacdpdnbnb, twmrxb n wnpaxb rwoudnwlrjajv j vgbrlj wx Kajbru. Wx Ljarkn, j vgbrlj wnpaj n nbyjwqxuj vrbcdaxd-bn yjaj yaxmdira j advkj n xdcajb vgbrljb ctyrljb. X ygkurlx mn cxmx x vdwmx jyanlrj j vgbrlj mn lxvyxbrcxanb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb mn mnbcjzdn, lxvx x kajbrunrax Qnrcxa Eruuj-Uxkxb 1887-1959 n x vngrljwx Ljauxb Lqheni 1899-1978 . Nwcan xdcaxb lxvyxbrcxanb rvyxacjwcnb mnbcjljv-bn Juknacx Fruurjvb 1862-1952 , mj Japnwcrwj, Nwarzdn Bxax 1884-1954 n Mxvrwpx Bjwcj Ladi Frubxw 1899-1987 , mx Lqrun, Vjwdnu Yxwln 1882-1948 , mx Vpgrlx, n Nmdjamx Ojkrwr, mx Dadpdjr. Xb yrjwrbcjb Pdrxvja Wxejnb 1895-1979 , mx Kajbru, Lujdmrx Jaajd 1903-1991 , mx Lqrun, n j ljwcxaj mn zynaj Krmd Bjhjx 1902-1999 , mx Kajbru, cjvkpv jcrwprajv ojvj rwcnawjlrxwju. Vdrcjb ljwnbnb oxuluzarljb ujcrwx-jvnarljwjb bnaenv cjwcx yjaj ljwcja lxvx yjaj mjwnja. J Jvparlj Ujcrwj cnv vdrcjb mjwnjb junpanb n yrcxanbljb, jupv mxb ojvxbxb cjwpx, advkj n bjvkj. Dvj mnujb p x ynarlzw, mj Japnwcrwj n Dadpdjr, nv zdn mrenabxb yjanb mjwnjv nv ltaldux. Qh cjvkpv x vjgrgn, j lrajwmj, x oanex, x lxlx n xdcajb mx Kajbru. Mdajwcn x ljawjeju, xb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb oanz nwcnvnwcn lxwbcaxnv cjkujmxb yjaj mjwnja wxb sjamrwb n yajnjb ygkurljb, jupv mn rbxujanv lnacjb adjb lxv lxamjb, lxv j vnbvj orwjurmjmn. Nbcj oxavj mn ngyanbbjx p dvj yjacn rvyxacjwcn mj ermj wj Jvparlj Ujcrwj. Xb twmrxb n wnpaxb zdn erenv wx rwcnarxa cqv bdjb yazyarjb mjwnjb zdn, zdjbn bnvyan, bjx mn ljahcna anurprxbx. Jb mjwnjb oxavjv dvj yjacn rvyxacjwcn mxb onbcnsxb mxb onarjmxb.

K vsdobkdebk vkdsxy-kwobsmkxk sxmves kc ylbkc no ocmbsdyboc nyc zkucoc kwobsmkxyc no vuxqek oczkxryvk o ny Lbkcsv. K wksybsk nyc mywzycsdyboc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc myzsye y ocdsvy wecsmkv oebyzoe kdq y psxkv ny cqmevy HSH, aekxny mbskbkw coe zbazbsy ocdsvy. Y mywzycsdyb lbkcsvosby Kxdbxsy Mkbvyc Qywoc 1839-1896 ecye dowkc sxnuqoxkc ow cek azobk Y Qekbkxs. Y wocwy psjobkw, zycdobsybwoxdo, yedbyc mywzycsdyboc, sxmvecsfo y mrsvoxy Mkbvyc Vkfux, y zobekxy Nkxsov Kvywukc Bylvoc 1871-1942 , o y qekdowkvdomy Tochc Mkcdsvvy 1877-1946 . Xk Lyvufsk, Oaeknyb, Wqhsmy, Zobe o yedbyc zkucoc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc zkbdo nk whcsmk wksc mkbkmdobucdsmk fow nsbodkwoxdo nyc uxnsyc. Zkbdo nk whcsmk vkdsxy-kwobsmkxk dkwlqw wscdebk dbscdoc wovynskc sxnuqoxkc myw kvoqboc mkxococ oczkxryvkc. Y bocevdkny q mrkwkny whcsmk wocdsok. Zybdeqeococ, uxnsyc o xoqbyc sxpveoxmskbkw k whcsmk xy Lbkcsv. Xy Mkbslo, k whcsmk xoqbk o oczkxryvk wscdebye-co zkbk zbynejsb k bewlk o yedbkc whcsmkc duzsmkc. Y zhlvsmy no dyny y wexny kzbomsk k whcsmk no mywzycsdyboc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc no nocdkaeo, mywy y lbkcsvosby Rosdyb Fsvvk-Vylyc 1887-1959 o y wohsmkxy Mkbvyc Mrifoj 1899-1978 . Oxdbo yedbyc mywzycsdyboc swzybdkxdoc nocdkmkw-co Kvlobdy Gsvvskwc 1862-1952 , nk Kbqoxdsxk, Oxbsaeo Cyby 1884-1954 o Nywsxqy Ckxdk Mbej Gsvcyx 1899-1987 , ny Mrsvo, Wkxeov Zyxmo 1882-1948 , ny Wqhsmy, o Onekbny Pklsxs, ny Ebeqeks. Yc zskxscdkc Qesywkb Xyfkoc 1895-1979 , ny Lbkcsv, Mvkensy Kbbke 1903-1991 , ny Mrsvo, o k mkxdybk no azobk Lsne Ckiky 1902-1999 , ny Lbkcsv, dkwlqw kdsxqsbkw pkwk sxdobxkmsyxkv. Wesdkc mkxococ pyvmvabsmkc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxkc cobfow dkxdy zkbk mkxdkb mywy zkbk nkxokb. K Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk dow wesdkc nkxokc kvoqboc o zsdybocmkc, kvqw nyc pkwycyc dkxqy, bewlk o ckwlk. Ewk novkc q y zobsmax, nk Kbqoxdsxk o Ebeqeks, ow aeo nsfobcyc zkboc nkxokw ow mubmevy. Ri dkwlqw y wkhsho, k msbkxnk, y pbofy, y mymy o yedbkc ny Lbkcsv. Nebkxdo y mkbxkfkv, yc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc pboa oxdowoxdo myxcdbyow dklvknyc zkbk nkxokb xyc tkbnsxc o zbkokc zhlvsmkc, kvqw no scyvkbow mobdkc bekc myw mybnkc, myw k wocwk psxkvsnkno. Ocdk pybwk no ohzboccky q ewk zkbdo swzybdkxdo nk fsnk xk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk. Yc uxnsyc o xoqbyc aeo fsfow xy sxdobsyb drw cekc zbazbskc nkxokc aeo, aekco cowzbo, cky no mkbidob bovsqsycy. Kc nkxokc pybwkw ewk zkbdo swzybdkxdo nyc pocdotyc nyc pobsknyc.

L wtepclefcl wletyz-lxpctnlyl tynwft ld zmcld op pdnctezcpd ozd alvdpd lxpctnlyzd op wvyrfl pdalyszwl p oz Mcldtw. L xltzctl ozd nzxazdtezcpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd nzatzf z pdetwz xfdtnlw pfczapf ler z qtylw oz drnfwz ITI, bflyoz nctlclx dpf acbactz pdetwz. Z nzxazdtezc mcldtwptcz Lyecytz Nlcwzd Rzxpd 1839-1896 fdzf epxld tyovrpyld px dfl bapcl Z Rflclyt. Z xpdxz qtkpclx, azdepctzcxpyep, zfeczd nzxazdtezcpd, tynwfdtgp z nstwpyz Nlcwzd Wlgvy, z apcflyz Olytpw Lwzxvld Czmwpd 1871-1942 , p z rflepxlwepnz Updid Nldetwwz 1877-1946 . Yl Mzwvgtl, Pbflozc, Xritnz, Apcf p zfeczd alvdpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd alcep ol xidtnl xltd nlclnepcvdetnl gpx otcpelxpyep ozd vyotzd. Alcep ol xidtnl wletyz-lxpctnlyl elxmrx xtdefcl ectdepd xpwzotld tyovrpyld nzx lwprcpd nlypdpd pdalyszwld. Z cpdfweloz r nslxloz xidtnl xpdetpl. Azcefrfpdpd, vyotzd p yprczd tyqwfpyntlclx l xidtnl yz Mcldtw. Yz Nlctmp, l xidtnl yprcl p pdalyszwl xtdefczf-dp alcl aczofktc l cfxml p zfecld xidtnld evatnld. Z aimwtnz op ezoz z xfyoz lacpntl l xidtnl op nzxazdtezcpd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd op opdelbfp, nzxz z mcldtwptcz Sptezc Gtwwl-Wzmzd 1887-1959 p z xpitnlyz Nlcwzd Nsjgpk 1899-1978 . Pyecp zfeczd nzxazdtezcpd txazcelyepd opdelnlx-dp Lwmpcez Htwwtlxd 1862-1952 , ol Lcrpyetyl, Pyctbfp Dzcz 1884-1954 p Ozxtyrz Dlyel Ncfk Htwdzy 1899-1987 , oz Nstwp, Xlyfpw Azynp 1882-1948 , oz Xritnz, p Poflcoz Qlmtyt, oz Fcfrflt. Zd atlytdeld Rftzxlc Yzglpd 1895-1979 , oz Mcldtw, Nwlfotz Lcclf 1903-1991 , oz Nstwp, p l nlyezcl op bapcl Mtof Dljlz 1902-1999 , oz Mcldtw, elxmrx letyrtclx qlxl tyepcylntzylw. Xfteld nlypdpd qzwnwbctnld wletyz-lxpctnlyld dpcgpx elyez alcl nlyelc nzxz alcl olyplc. L Lxrctnl Wletyl epx xfteld olypld lwprcpd p atezcpdnld, lwrx ozd qlxzdzd elyrz, cfxml p dlxml. Fxl opwld r z apctnby, ol Lcrpyetyl p Fcfrflt, px bfp otgpcdzd alcpd olyplx px nvcnfwz. Sj elxmrx z xlitip, l ntclyol, z qcpgz, z nznz p zfecld oz Mcldtw. Ofclyep z nlcylglw, zd wletyz-lxpctnlyzd qcpb pyepxpyep nzydeczpx elmwlozd alcl olyplc yzd ulcotyd p aclpld aimwtnld, lwrx op tdzwlcpx npceld cfld nzx nzcold, nzx l xpdxl qtylwtolop. Pdel qzcxl op piacpddlz r fxl alcep txazcelyep ol gtol yl Lxrctnl Wletyl. Zd vyotzd p yprczd bfp gtgpx yz tyepctzc esx dfld acbactld olypld bfp, bfldp dpxacp, dlz op nlcjepc cpwtrtzdz. Ld olypld qzcxlx fxl alcep txazcelyep ozd qpdepuzd ozd qpctlozd.

M xufqdmfgdm xmfuza-myqduomzm uzoxgu me andme pq qeodufadqe pae bmweqe myqduomzae pq xwzsgm qebmztaxm q pa Ndmeux. M ymuadum pae oaybaeufadqe xmfuza-myqduomzae oabuag a qefuxa ygeuomx qgdabqg mfs a ruzmx pa esogxa JUJ, cgmzpa odumdmy eqg bdcbdua qefuxa. A oaybaeufad ndmeuxquda Mzfdzua Omdxae Sayqe 1839-1896 geag fqyme uzpwsqzme qy egm cbqdm A Sgmdmzu. A yqeya rulqdmy, baefqduadyqzfq, agfdae oaybaeufadqe, uzoxgeuhq a otuxqza Omdxae Xmhwz, a bqdgmza Pmzuqx Mxaywme Danxqe 1871-1942 , q a sgmfqymxfqoa Vqeje Omefuxxa 1877-1946 . Zm Naxwhum, Qcgmpad, Ysjuoa, Bqdg q agfdae bmweqe xmfuza-myqduomzae bmdfq pm yjeuom ymue omdmofqdwefuom hqy pudqfmyqzfq pae wzpuae. Bmdfq pm yjeuom xmfuza-myqduomzm fmynsy yuefgdm fduefqe yqxapume uzpwsqzme oay mxqsdqe omzqeqe qebmztaxme. A dqegxfmpa s otmympa yjeuom yqefuqm. Badfgsgqeqe, wzpuae q zqsdae uzrxgqzoumdmy m yjeuom za Ndmeux. Za Omdunq, m yjeuom zqsdm q qebmztaxm yuefgdag-eq bmdm bdapglud m dgynm q agfdme yjeuome fwbuome. A bjnxuoa pq fapa a ygzpa mbdqoum m yjeuom pq oaybaeufadqe xmfuza-myqduomzae pq pqefmcgq, oaya a ndmeuxquda Tqufad Huxxm-Xanae 1887-1959 q a yqjuomza Omdxae Otkhql 1899-1978 . Qzfdq agfdae oaybaeufadqe uybadfmzfqe pqefmomy-eq Mxnqdfa Iuxxumye 1862-1952 , pm Mdsqzfuzm, Qzducgq Eada 1884-1954 q Payuzsa Emzfm Odgl Iuxeaz 1899-1987 , pa Otuxq, Ymzgqx Bazoq 1882-1948 , pa Ysjuoa, q Qpgmdpa Rmnuzu, pa Gdgsgmu. Ae bumzuefme Sguaymd Zahmqe 1895-1979 , pa Ndmeux, Oxmgpua Mddmg 1903-1991 , pa Otuxq, q m omzfadm pq cbqdm Nupg Emkma 1902-1999 , pa Ndmeux, fmynsy mfuzsudmy rmym uzfqdzmouazmx. Ygufme omzqeqe raxoxcduome xmfuza-myqduomzme eqdhqy fmzfa bmdm omzfmd oaya bmdm pmzqmd. M Mysduom Xmfuzm fqy ygufme pmzqme mxqsdqe q bufadqeome, mxsy pae rmyaeae fmzsa, dgynm q emynm. Gym pqxme s a bqduocz, pm Mdsqzfuzm q Gdgsgmu, qy cgq puhqdeae bmdqe pmzqmy qy owdogxa. Tk fmynsy a ymjujq, m oudmzpm, a rdqha, a oaoa q agfdme pa Ndmeux. Pgdmzfq a omdzmhmx, ae xmfuza-myqduomzae rdqc qzfqyqzfq oazefdaqy fmnxmpae bmdm pmzqmd zae vmdpuze q bdmqme bjnxuome, mxsy pq ueaxmdqy oqdfme dgme oay oadpme, oay m yqeym ruzmxupmpq. Qefm radym pq qjbdqeema s gym bmdfq uybadfmzfq pm hupm zm Mysduom Xmfuzm. Ae wzpuae q zqsdae cgq huhqy za uzfqduad fty egme bdcbdume pmzqme cgq, cgmeq eqybdq, ema pq omdkfqd dqxusuaea. Me pmzqme radymy gym bmdfq uybadfmzfq pae rqefqvae pae rqdumpae.

N yvgrenghen yngvab-nzrevpnan vapyhv nf boenf qr rfpevgberf qbf cnxfrf nzrevpnabf qr yxathn rfcnaubyn r qb Oenfvy. N znvbevn qbf pbzcbfvgberf yngvab-nzrevpnabf pbcvbh b rfgvyb zhfvpny rhebcrh ngt b svany qb ftphyb KVK, dhnaqb pevnenz frh cedcevb rfgvyb. B pbzcbfvgbe oenfvyrveb Nageavb Pneybf Tbzrf 1839-1896 hfbh grznf vaqxtranf rz fhn dcren B Thnenav. B zrfzb svmrenz, cbfgrevbezragr, bhgebf pbzcbfvgberf, vapyhfvir b puvyrab Pneybf Ynixa, b crehnab Qnavry Nybzxnf Eboyrf 1871-1942 , r b thngrznygrpb Wrfkf Pnfgvyyb 1877-1946 . An Obyxivn, Rdhnqbe, Ztkvpb, Creh r bhgebf cnxfrf yngvab-nzrevpnabf cnegr qn zkfvpn znvf pnenpgrexfgvpn irz qvergnzragr qbf xaqvbf. Cnegr qn zkfvpn yngvab-nzrevpnan gnzotz zvfghen gevfgrf zrybqvnf vaqxtranf pbz nyrterf pnarfrf rfcnaubynf. B erfhygnqb t punznqb zkfvpn zrfgvrn. Cbeghthrfrf, xaqvbf r artebf vasyhrapvnenz n zkfvpn ab Oenfvy. Ab Pnevor, n zkfvpn arten r rfcnaubyn zvfghebh-fr cnen cebqhmve n ehzon r bhgenf zkfvpnf gxcvpnf. B ckoyvpb qr gbqb b zhaqb ncerpvn n zkfvpn qr pbzcbfvgberf yngvab-nzrevpnabf qr qrfgndhr, pbzb b oenfvyrveb Urvgbe Ivyyn-Ybobf 1887-1959 r b zrkvpnab Pneybf Pulirm 1899-1978 . Rager bhgebf pbzcbfvgberf vzcbegnagrf qrfgnpnz-fr Nyoregb Jvyyvnzf 1862-1952 , qn Netragvan, Raevdhr Fbeb 1884-1954 r Qbzvatb Fnagn Pehm Jvyfba 1899-1987 , qb Puvyr, Znahry Cbapr 1882-1948 , qb Ztkvpb, r Rqhneqb Snovav, qb Hehthnv. Bf cvnavfgnf Thvbzne Abinrf 1895-1979 , qb Oenfvy, Pynhqvb Neenh 1903-1991 , qb Puvyr, r n pnagben qr dcren Ovqh Fnlnb 1902-1999 , qb Oenfvy, gnzotz ngvatvenz snzn vagreanpvbany. Zhvgnf pnarfrf sbypydevpnf yngvab-nzrevpnanf freirz gnagb cnen pnagne pbzb cnen qnarne. N Nztevpn Yngvan grz zhvgnf qnarnf nyrterf r cvgberfpnf, nytz qbf snzbfbf gnatb, ehzon r fnzon. Hzn qrynf t b crevpda, qn Netragvan r Hehthnv, rz dhr qvirefbf cnerf qnarnz rz pxephyb. Ul gnzotz b znkvkr, n pvenaqn, b serib, b pbpb r bhgenf qb Oenfvy. Qhenagr b pneaniny, bf yngvab-nzrevpnabf serd ragrzragr pbafgebrz gnoynqbf cnen qnarne abf wneqvaf r cenrnf ckoyvpnf, nytz qr vfbynerz pregnf ehnf pbz pbeqnf, pbz n zrfzn svanyvqnqr. Rfgn sbezn qr rkcerffnb t hzn cnegr vzcbegnagr qn ivqn an Nztevpn Yngvan. Bf xaqvbf r artebf dhr ivirz ab vagrevbe guz fhnf cedcevnf qnarnf dhr, dhnfr frzcer, fnb qr pnelgre eryvtvbfb. Nf qnarnf sbeznz hzn cnegr vzcbegnagr qbf srfgrwbf qbf srevnqbf.

O zwhsfohifo zohwbc-oasfwqobo wbqziw og cpfog rs sgqfwhcfsg rcg doygsg oasfwqobcg rs zybuio sgdobvczo s rc Pfogwz. O aowcfwo rcg qcadcgwhcfsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg qcdwci c sghwzc aigwqoz sifcdsi ohu c twboz rc guqizc LWL, eiobrc qfwofoa gsi dfedfwc sghwzc. C qcadcgwhcf pfogwzswfc Obhfbwc Qofzcg Ucasg 1839-1896 igci hsaog wbryusbog sa gio edsfo C Uiofobw. C asgac twnsfoa, dcghsfwcfasbhs, cihfcg qcadcgwhcfsg, wbqzigwjs c qvwzsbc Qofzcg Zojyb, c dsfiobc Robwsz Ozcayog Fcpzsg 1871-1942 , s c uiohsaozhsqc Xsglg Qoghwzzc 1877-1946 . Bo Pczyjwo, Seiorcf, Aulwqc, Dsfi s cihfcg doygsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg dofhs ro algwqo aowg qofoqhsfyghwqo jsa rwfshoasbhs rcg ybrwcg. Dofhs ro algwqo zohwbc-oasfwqobo hoapua awghifo hfwghsg aszcrwog wbryusbog qca ozsufsg qobsgsg sgdobvczog. C fsgizhorc u qvoaorc algwqo asghwso. Dcfhiuisgsg, ybrwcg s bsufcg wbtzisbqwofoa o algwqo bc Pfogwz. Bc Qofwps, o algwqo bsufo s sgdobvczo awghifci-gs dofo dfcrinwf o fiapo s cihfog algwqog hydwqog. C dlpzwqc rs hcrc c aibrc odfsqwo o algwqo rs qcadcgwhcfsg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg rs rsghoeis, qcac c pfogwzswfc Vswhcf Jwzzo-Zcpcg 1887-1959 s c aslwqobc Qofzcg Qvmjsn 1899-1978 . Sbhfs cihfcg qcadcgwhcfsg wadcfhobhsg rsghoqoa-gs Ozpsfhc Kwzzwoag 1862-1952 , ro Ofusbhwbo, Sbfweis Gcfc 1884-1954 s Rcawbuc Gobho Qfin Kwzgcb 1899-1987 , rc Qvwzs, Aobisz Dcbqs 1882-1948 , rc Aulwqc, s Sriofrc Topwbw, rc Ifiuiow. Cg dwobwghog Uiwcaof Bcjosg 1895-1979 , rc Pfogwz, Qzoirwc Offoi 1903-1991 , rc Qvwzs, s o qobhcfo rs edsfo Pwri Gomoc 1902-1999 , rc Pfogwz, hoapua ohwbuwfoa toao wbhsfboqwcboz. Aiwhog qobsgsg tczqzefwqog zohwbc-oasfwqobog gsfjsa hobhc dofo qobhof qcac dofo robsof. O Oaufwqo Zohwbo hsa aiwhog robsog ozsufsg s dwhcfsgqog, ozua rcg toacgcg hobuc, fiapo s goapo. Iao rszog u c dsfwqeb, ro Ofusbhwbo s Ifiuiow, sa eis rwjsfgcg dofsg robsoa sa qyfqizc. Vm hoapua c aolwls, o qwfobro, c tfsjc, c qcqc s cihfog rc Pfogwz. Rifobhs c qofbojoz, cg zohwbc-oasfwqobcg tfse sbhsasbhs qcbghfcsa hopzorcg dofo robsof bcg xofrwbg s dfosog dlpzwqog, ozua rs wgczofsa qsfhog fiog qca qcfrog, qca o asgao twbozwrors. Sgho tcfao rs sldfsggoc u iao dofhs wadcfhobhs ro jwro bo Oaufwqo Zohwbo. Cg ybrwcg s bsufcg eis jwjsa bc wbhsfwcf hva giog dfedfwog robsog eis, eiogs gsadfs, goc rs qofmhsf fszwuwcgc. Og robsog tcfaoa iao dofhs wadcfhobhs rcg tsghsxcg rcg tsfworcg.

P axitgpijgp apixcd-pbtgxrpcp xcrajx ph dqgph st thrgxidgth sdh epzhth pbtgxrpcdh st azcvjp thepcwdap t sd Qgphxa. P bpxdgxp sdh rdbedhxidgth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh rdexdj d thixad bjhxrpa tjgdetj piv d uxcpa sd hvrjad MXM, fjpcsd rgxpgpb htj egfegxd thixad. D rdbedhxidg qgphxatxgd Pcigcxd Rpgadh Vdbth 1839-1896 jhdj itbph xcszvtcph tb hjp fetgp D Vjpgpcx. D bthbd uxotgpb, edhitgxdgbtcit, djigdh rdbedhxidgth, xcrajhxkt d rwxatcd Rpgadh Apkzc, d etgjpcd Spcxta Padbzph Gdqath 1871-1942 , t d vjpitbpaitrd Ythmh Rphixaad 1877-1946 . Cp Qdazkxp, Tfjpsdg, Bvmxrd, Etgj t djigdh epzhth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh epgit sp bmhxrp bpxh rpgpritgzhixrp ktb sxgtipbtcit sdh zcsxdh. Epgit sp bmhxrp apixcd-pbtgxrpcp ipbqvb bxhijgp igxhith btadsxph xcszvtcph rdb patvgth rpcthth thepcwdaph. D gthjaipsd v rwpbpsd bmhxrp bthixtp. Edgijvjthth, zcsxdh t ctvgdh xcuajtcrxpgpb p bmhxrp cd Qgphxa. Cd Rpgxqt, p bmhxrp ctvgp t thepcwdap bxhijgdj-ht epgp egdsjoxg p gjbqp t djigph bmhxrph izexrph. D emqaxrd st idsd d bjcsd pegtrxp p bmhxrp st rdbedhxidgth apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh st sthipfjt, rdbd d qgphxatxgd Wtxidg Kxaap-Adqdh 1887-1959 t d btmxrpcd Rpgadh Rwnkto 1899-1978 . Tcigt djigdh rdbedhxidgth xbedgipcith sthiprpb-ht Paqtgid Lxaaxpbh 1862-1952 , sp Pgvtcixcp, Tcgxfjt Hdgd 1884-1954 t Sdbxcvd Hpcip Rgjo Lxahdc 1899-1987 , sd Rwxat, Bpcjta Edcrt 1882-1948 , sd Bvmxrd, t Tsjpgsd Upqxcx, sd Jgjvjpx. Dh expcxhiph Vjxdbpg Cdkpth 1895-1979 , sd Qgphxa, Rapjsxd Pggpj 1903-1991 , sd Rwxat, t p rpcidgp st fetgp Qxsj Hpnpd 1902-1999 , sd Qgphxa, ipbqvb pixcvxgpb upbp xcitgcprxdcpa. Bjxiph rpcthth udarafgxrph apixcd-pbtgxrpcph htgktb ipcid epgp rpcipg rdbd epgp spctpg. P Pbvgxrp Apixcp itb bjxiph spctph patvgth t exidgthrph, pavb sdh upbdhdh ipcvd, gjbqp t hpbqp. Jbp staph v d etgxrfc, sp Pgvtcixcp t Jgjvjpx, tb fjt sxktghdh epgth spctpb tb rzgrjad. Wn ipbqvb d bpmxmt, p rxgpcsp, d ugtkd, d rdrd t djigph sd Qgphxa. Sjgpcit d rpgcpkpa, dh apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh ugtf tcitbtcit rdchigdtb ipqapsdh epgp spctpg cdh ypgsxch t egptph emqaxrph, pavb st xhdapgtb rtgiph gjph rdb rdgsph, rdb p bthbp uxcpaxspst. Thip udgbp st tmegthhpd v jbp epgit xbedgipcit sp kxsp cp Pbvgxrp Apixcp. Dh zcsxdh t ctvgdh fjt kxktb cd xcitgxdg iwb hjph egfegxph spctph fjt, fjpht htbegt, hpd st rpgnitg gtaxvxdhd. Ph spctph udgbpb jbp epgit xbedgipcit sdh uthitydh sdh utgxpsdh.

Q byjuhqjkhq bqjyde-qcuhysqdq ydsbky qi erhqi tu uishyjehui tei fqaiui qcuhysqdei tu badwkq uifqdxebq u te Rhqiyb. Q cqyehyq tei secfeiyjehui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei sefyek e uijybe ckiysqb ukhefuk qjw e vydqb te iwskbe NYN, gkqdte shyqhqc iuk fhgfhye uijybe. E secfeiyjeh rhqiybuyhe Qdjhdye Sqhbei Wecui 1839-1896 kiek jucqi ydtawudqi uc ikq gfuhq E Wkqhqdy. E cuice vypuhqc, feijuhyehcudju, ekjhei secfeiyjehui, ydsbkiylu e sxybude Sqhbei Bqlad, e fuhkqde Tqdyub Qbecaqi Herbui 1871-1942 , u e wkqjucqbjuse Zuini Sqijybbe 1877-1946 . Dq Rebalyq, Ugkqteh, Cwnyse, Fuhk u ekjhei fqaiui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei fqhju tq cniysq cqyi sqhqsjuhaijysq luc tyhujqcudju tei adtyei. Fqhju tq cniysq bqjyde-qcuhysqdq jqcrwc cyijkhq jhyijui cubetyqi ydtawudqi sec qbuwhui sqduiui uifqdxebqi. E huikbjqte w sxqcqte cniysq cuijyuq. Fehjkwkuiui, adtyei u duwhei ydvbkudsyqhqc q cniysq de Rhqiyb. De Sqhyru, q cniysq duwhq u uifqdxebq cyijkhek-iu fqhq fhetkpyh q hkcrq u ekjhqi cniysqi jafysqi. E fnrbyse tu jete e ckdte qfhusyq q cniysq tu secfeiyjehui bqjyde-qcuhysqdei tu tuijqgku, sece e rhqiybuyhe Xuyjeh Lybbq-Berei 1887-1959 u e cunysqde Sqhbei Sxolup 1899-1978 . Udjhu ekjhei secfeiyjehui ycfehjqdjui tuijqsqc-iu Qbruhje Mybbyqci 1862-1952 , tq Qhwudjydq, Udhygku Iehe 1884-1954 u Tecydwe Iqdjq Shkp Mybied 1899-1987 , te Sxybu, Cqdkub Fedsu 1882-1948 , te Cwnyse, u Utkqhte Vqrydy, te Khkwkqy. Ei fyqdyijqi Wkyecqh Delqui 1895-1979 , te Rhqiyb, Sbqktye Qhhqk 1903-1991 , te Sxybu, u q sqdjehq tu gfuhq Rytk Iqoqe 1902-1999 , te Rhqiyb, jqcrwc qjydwyhqc vqcq ydjuhdqsyedqb. Ckyjqi sqduiui vebsbghysqi bqjyde-qcuhysqdqi iuhluc jqdje fqhq sqdjqh sece fqhq tqduqh. Q Qcwhysq Bqjydq juc ckyjqi tqduqi qbuwhui u fyjehuisqi, qbwc tei vqceiei jqdwe, hkcrq u iqcrq. Kcq tubqi w e fuhysgd, tq Qhwudjydq u Khkwkqy, uc gku tyluhiei fqhui tqduqc uc sahskbe. Xo jqcrwc e cqnynu, q syhqdtq, e vhule, e sese u ekjhqi te Rhqiyb. Tkhqdju e sqhdqlqb, ei bqjyde-qcuhysqdei vhug udjucudju sedijheuc jqrbqtei fqhq tqduqh dei zqhtydi u fhquqi fnrbysqi, qbwc tu yiebqhuc suhjqi hkqi sec sehtqi, sec q cuicq vydqbytqtu. Uijq vehcq tu unfhuiiqe w kcq fqhju ycfehjqdju tq lytq dq Qcwhysq Bqjydq. Ei adtyei u duwhei gku lyluc de ydjuhyeh jxc ikqi fhgfhyqi tqduqi gku, gkqiu iucfhu, iqe tu sqhojuh hubywyeie. Qi tqduqi vehcqc kcq fqhju ycfehjqdju tei vuijuzei tei vuhyqtei.

R czkvirklir crkzef-rdviztrer zetclz rj fsirj uv vjtizkfivj ufj grbjvj rdviztrefj uv cbexlr vjgreyfcr v uf Sirjzc. R drzfizr ufj tfdgfjzkfivj crkzef-rdviztrefj tfgzfl f vjkzcf dljztrc vlifgvl rkx f wzerc uf jxtlcf OZO, hlreuf tizrird jvl gihgizf vjkzcf. F tfdgfjzkfi sirjzcvzif Rekiezf Tricfj Xfdvj 1839-1896 ljfl kvdrj zeubxverj vd jlr hgvir F Xlrirez. F dvjdf wzqvird, gfjkvizfidvekv, flkifj tfdgfjzkfivj, zetcljzmv f tyzcvef Tricfj Crmbe, f gvilref Urezvc Rcfdbrj Ifscvj 1871-1942 , v f xlrkvdrckvtf Avjoj Trjkzccf 1877-1946 . Er Sfcbmzr, Vhlrufi, Dxoztf, Gvil v flkifj grbjvj crkzef-rdviztrefj grikv ur dojztr drzj trirtkvibjkztr mvd uzivkrdvekv ufj beuzfj. Grikv ur dojztr crkzef-rdviztrer krdsxd dzjklir kizjkvj dvcfuzrj zeubxverj tfd rcvxivj trevjvj vjgreyfcrj. F ivjlckruf x tyrdruf dojztr dvjkzvr. Gfiklxlvjvj, beuzfj v evxifj zewclvetzrird r dojztr ef Sirjzc. Ef Trizsv, r dojztr evxir v vjgreyfcr dzjklifl-jv grir gifulqzi r ildsr v flkirj dojztrj kbgztrj. F goscztf uv kfuf f dleuf rgivtzr r dojztr uv tfdgfjzkfivj crkzef-rdviztrefj uv uvjkrhlv, tfdf f sirjzcvzif Yvzkfi Mzccr-Cfsfj 1887-1959 v f dvoztref Tricfj Typmvq 1899-1978 . Vekiv flkifj tfdgfjzkfivj zdgfikrekvj uvjkrtrd-jv Rcsvikf Nzcczrdj 1862-1952 , ur Rixvekzer, Veizhlv Jfif 1884-1954 v Ufdzexf Jrekr Tilq Nzcjfe 1899-1987 , uf Tyzcv, Drelvc Gfetv 1882-1948 , uf Dxoztf, v Vulriuf Wrszez, uf Lilxlrz. Fj gzrezjkrj Xlzfdri Efmrvj 1895-1979 , uf Sirjzc, Tcrluzf Riirl 1903-1991 , uf Tyzcv, v r trekfir uv hgvir Szul Jrprf 1902-1999 , uf Sirjzc, krdsxd rkzexzird wrdr zekviertzferc. Dlzkrj trevjvj wfctchiztrj crkzef-rdviztrerj jvimvd krekf grir trekri tfdf grir urevri. R Rdxiztr Crkzer kvd dlzkrj urevrj rcvxivj v gzkfivjtrj, rcxd ufj wrdfjfj krexf, ildsr v jrdsr. Ldr uvcrj x f gvizthe, ur Rixvekzer v Lilxlrz, vd hlv uzmvijfj grivj urevrd vd tbitlcf. Yp krdsxd f drozov, r tzireur, f wivmf, f tftf v flkirj uf Sirjzc. Ulirekv f triermrc, fj crkzef-rdviztrefj wivh vekvdvekv tfejkifvd krscrufj grir urevri efj ariuzej v girvrj goscztrj, rcxd uv zjfcrivd tvikrj ilrj tfd tfiurj, tfd r dvjdr wzerczuruv. Vjkr wfidr uv vogivjjrf x ldr grikv zdgfikrekv ur mzur er Rdxiztr Crkzer. Fj beuzfj v evxifj hlv mzmvd ef zekvizfi kyd jlrj gihgizrj urevrj hlv, hlrjv jvdgiv, jrf uv tripkvi ivczxzfjf. Rj urevrj wfidrd ldr grikv zdgfikrekv ufj wvjkvafj ufj wvizrufj.

S dalwjslmjs dslafg-sewjausfs afudma sk gtjsk vw wkujalgjwk vgk hsckwk sewjausfgk vw dcfyms wkhsfzgds w vg Tjskad. S esagjas vgk ugehgkalgjwk dslafg-sewjausfgk ughagm g wkladg emkausd wmjghwm sly g xafsd vg kyumdg PAP, imsfvg ujasjse kwm hjihjag wkladg. G ugehgkalgj tjskadwajg Sfljfag Usjdgk Ygewk 1839-1896 mkgm lwesk afvcywfsk we kms ihwjs G Ymsjsfa. G ewkeg xarwjse, hgklwjagjewflw, gmljgk ugehgkalgjwk, afudmkanw g uzadwfg Usjdgk Dsncf, g hwjmsfg Vsfawd Sdgecsk Jgtdwk 1871-1942 , w g ymslwesdlwug Bwkpk Uskladdg 1877-1946 . Fs Tgdcnas, Wimsvgj, Eypaug, Hwjm w gmljgk hsckwk dslafg-sewjausfgk hsjlw vs epkaus esak usjsulwjcklaus nwe vajwlsewflw vgk cfvagk. Hsjlw vs epkaus dslafg-sewjausfs lsetye eaklmjs ljaklwk ewdgvask afvcywfsk uge sdwyjwk usfwkwk wkhsfzgdsk. G jwkmdlsvg y uzsesvg epkaus ewklaws. Hgjlmymwkwk, cfvagk w fwyjgk afxdmwfuasjse s epkaus fg Tjskad. Fg Usjatw, s epkaus fwyjs w wkhsfzgds eaklmjgm-kw hsjs hjgvmraj s jmets w gmljsk epkausk lchausk. G hptdaug vw lgvg g emfvg shjwuas s epkaus vw ugehgkalgjwk dslafg-sewjausfgk vw vwklsimw, ugeg g tjskadwajg Zwalgj Nadds-Dgtgk 1887-1959 w g ewpausfg Usjdgk Uzqnwr 1899-1978 . Wfljw gmljgk ugehgkalgjwk aehgjlsflwk vwklsuse-kw Sdtwjlg Oaddasek 1862-1952 , vs Sjywflafs, Wfjaimw Kgjg 1884-1954 w Vgeafyg Ksfls Ujmr Oadkgf 1899-1987 , vg Uzadw, Esfmwd Hgfuw 1882-1948 , vg Eypaug, w Wvmsjvg Xstafa, vg Mjmymsa. Gk hasfaklsk Ymagesj Fgnswk 1895-1979 , vg Tjskad, Udsmvag Sjjsm 1903-1991 , vg Uzadw, w s usflgjs vw ihwjs Tavm Ksqsg 1902-1999 , vg Tjskad, lsetye slafyajse xses aflwjfsuagfsd. Emalsk usfwkwk xgdudijausk dslafg-sewjausfsk kwjnwe lsflg hsjs usflsj ugeg hsjs vsfwsj. S Seyjaus Dslafs lwe emalsk vsfwsk sdwyjwk w halgjwkusk, sdye vgk xsegkgk lsfyg, jmets w ksets. Mes vwdsk y g hwjauif, vs Sjywflafs w Mjmymsa, we imw vanwjkgk hsjwk vsfwse we ucjumdg. Zq lsetye g espapw, s uajsfvs, g xjwng, g ugug w gmljsk vg Tjskad. Vmjsflw g usjfsnsd, gk dslafg-sewjausfgk xjwi wflwewflw ugfkljgwe lstdsvgk hsjs vsfwsj fgk bsjvafk w hjswsk hptdausk, sdye vw akgdsjwe uwjlsk jmsk uge ugjvsk, uge s ewkes xafsdavsvw. Wkls xgjes vw wphjwkksg y mes hsjlw aehgjlsflw vs navs fs Seyjaus Dslafs. Gk cfvagk w fwyjgk imw nanwe fg aflwjagj lze kmsk hjihjask vsfwsk imw, imskw kwehjw, ksg vw usjqlwj jwdayagkg. Sk vsfwsk xgjese mes hsjlw aehgjlsflw vgk xwklwbgk vgk xwjasvgk.

T ebmxktmnkt etmbgh-tfxkbvtgt bgvenb tl huktl wx xlvkbmhkxl whl itdlxl tfxkbvtghl wx edgznt xlitgahet x wh Uktlbe. T ftbhkbt whl vhfihlbmhkxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl vhibhn h xlmbeh fnlbvte xnkhixn tmz h ybgte wh lzvneh QBQ, jntgwh vkbtktf lxn ikjikbh xlmbeh. H vhfihlbmhk uktlbexbkh Tgmkgbh Vtkehl Zhfxl 1839-1896 nlhn mxftl bgwdzxgtl xf lnt jixkt H Zntktgb. H fxlfh ybsxktf, ihlmxkbhkfxgmx, hnmkhl vhfihlbmhkxl, bgvenlbox h vabexgh Vtkehl Etodg, h ixkntgh Wtgbxe Tehfdtl Khuexl 1871-1942 , x h zntmxftemxvh Cxlql Vtlmbeeh 1877-1946 . Gt Uhedobt, Xjntwhk, Fzqbvh, Ixkn x hnmkhl itdlxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl itkmx wt fqlbvt ftbl vtktvmxkdlmbvt oxf wbkxmtfxgmx whl dgwbhl. Itkmx wt fqlbvt etmbgh-tfxkbvtgt mtfuzf fblmnkt mkblmxl fxehwbtl bgwdzxgtl vhf texzkxl vtgxlxl xlitgahetl. H kxlnemtwh z vatftwh fqlbvt fxlmbxt. Ihkmnznxlxl, dgwbhl x gxzkhl bgyenxgvbtktf t fqlbvt gh Uktlbe. Gh Vtkbux, t fqlbvt gxzkt x xlitgahet fblmnkhn-lx itkt ikhwnsbk t knfut x hnmktl fqlbvtl mdibvtl. H iquebvh wx mhwh h fngwh tikxvbt t fqlbvt wx vhfihlbmhkxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl wx wxlmtjnx, vhfh h uktlbexbkh Axbmhk Obeet-Ehuhl 1887-1959 x h fxqbvtgh Vtkehl Varoxs 1899-1978 . Xgmkx hnmkhl vhfihlbmhkxl bfihkmtgmxl wxlmtvtf-lx Teuxkmh Pbeebtfl 1862-1952 , wt Tkzxgmbgt, Xgkbjnx Lhkh 1884-1954 x Whfbgzh Ltgmt Vkns Pbelhg 1899-1987 , wh Vabex, Ftgnxe Ihgvx 1882-1948 , wh Fzqbvh, x Xwntkwh Ytubgb, wh Nknzntb. Hl ibtgblmtl Znbhftk Ghotxl 1895-1979 , wh Uktlbe, Vetnwbh Tkktn 1903-1991 , wh Vabex, x t vtgmhkt wx jixkt Ubwn Ltrth 1902-1999 , wh Uktlbe, mtfuzf tmbgzbktf ytft bgmxkgtvbhgte. Fnbmtl vtgxlxl yhevejkbvtl etmbgh-tfxkbvtgtl lxkoxf mtgmh itkt vtgmtk vhfh itkt wtgxtk. T Tfzkbvt Etmbgt mxf fnbmtl wtgxtl texzkxl x ibmhkxlvtl, tezf whl ytfhlhl mtgzh, knfut x ltfut. Nft wxetl z h ixkbvjg, wt Tkzxgmbgt x Nknzntb, xf jnx wboxklhl itkxl wtgxtf xf vdkvneh. Ar mtfuzf h ftqbqx, t vbktgwt, h ykxoh, h vhvh x hnmktl wh Uktlbe. Wnktgmx h vtkgtote, hl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl ykxj xgmxfxgmx vhglmkhxf mtuetwhl itkt wtgxtk ghl ctkwbgl x iktxtl iquebvtl, tezf wx blhetkxf vxkmtl kntl vhf vhkwtl, vhf t fxlft ybgtebwtwx. Xlmt yhkft wx xqikxllth z nft itkmx bfihkmtgmx wt obwt gt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt. Hl dgwbhl x gxzkhl jnx oboxf gh bgmxkbhk maf lntl ikjikbtl wtgxtl jnx, jntlx lxfikx, lth wx vtkrmxk kxebzbhlh. Tl wtgxtl yhkftf nft itkmx bfihkmtgmx whl yxlmxchl whl yxkbtwhl.

U fcnylunolu funchi-ugylcwuhu chwfoc um ivlum xy ymwlcnilym xim juemym ugylcwuhim xy fehaou ymjuhbifu y xi Vlumcf. U gucilcu xim wigjimcnilym funchi-ugylcwuhim wijcio i ymncfi gomcwuf yolijyo una i zchuf xi mawofi RCR, kouhxi wlculug myo jlkjlci ymncfi. I wigjimcnil vlumcfycli Uhnlhci Wulfim Aigym 1839-1896 omio nygum chxeayhum yg mou kjylu I Aouluhc. I gymgi zctylug, jimnylcilgyhny, ionlim wigjimcnilym, chwfomcpy i wbcfyhi Wulfim Fupeh, i jylouhi Xuhcyf Ufigeum Livfym 1871-1942 , y i aounygufnywi Dymrm Wumncffi 1877-1946 . Hu Vifepcu, Ykouxil, Garcwi, Jylo y ionlim juemym funchi-ugylcwuhim julny xu grmcwu gucm wuluwnylemncwu pyg xclynugyhny xim ehxcim. Julny xu grmcwu funchi-ugylcwuhu nugvag gcmnolu nlcmnym gyfixcum chxeayhum wig ufyalym wuhymym ymjuhbifum. I lymofnuxi a wbuguxi grmcwu gymncyu. Jilnoaoymym, ehxcim y hyalim chzfoyhwculug u grmcwu hi Vlumcf. Hi Wulcvy, u grmcwu hyalu y ymjuhbifu gcmnolio-my julu jlixotcl u logvu y ionlum grmcwum nejcwum. I jrvfcwi xy nixi i gohxi ujlywcu u grmcwu xy wigjimcnilym funchi-ugylcwuhim xy xymnukoy, wigi i vlumcfycli Bycnil Pcffu-Fivim 1887-1959 y i gyrcwuhi Wulfim Wbspyt 1899-1978 . Yhnly ionlim wigjimcnilym cgjilnuhnym xymnuwug-my Ufvylni Qcffcugm 1862-1952 , xu Ulayhnchu, Yhlckoy Mili 1884-1954 y Xigchai Muhnu Wlot Qcfmih 1899-1987 , xi Wbcfy, Guhoyf Jihwy 1882-1948 , xi Garcwi, y Yxoulxi Zuvchc, xi Oloaouc. Im jcuhcmnum Aocigul Hipuym 1895-1979 , xi Vlumcf, Wfuoxci Ulluo 1903-1991 , xi Wbcfy, y u wuhnilu xy kjylu Vcxo Musui 1902-1999 , xi Vlumcf, nugvag unchaclug zugu chnylhuwcihuf. Gocnum wuhymym zifwfklcwum funchi-ugylcwuhum mylpyg nuhni julu wuhnul wigi julu xuhyul. U Ugalcwu Funchu nyg gocnum xuhyum ufyalym y jcnilymwum, ufag xim zugimim nuhai, logvu y mugvu. Ogu xyfum a i jylcwkh, xu Ulayhnchu y Oloaouc, yg koy xcpylmim julym xuhyug yg welwofi. Bs nugvag i gurcry, u wcluhxu, i zlypi, i wiwi y ionlum xi Vlumcf. Xoluhny i wulhupuf, im funchi-ugylcwuhim zlyk yhnygyhny wihmnliyg nuvfuxim julu xuhyul him dulxchm y jluyum jrvfcwum, ufag xy cmifulyg wylnum loum wig wilxum, wig u gymgu zchufcxuxy. Ymnu zilgu xy yrjlymmui a ogu julny cgjilnuhny xu pcxu hu Ugalcwu Funchu. Im ehxcim y hyalim koy pcpyg hi chnylcil nbg moum jlkjlcum xuhyum koy, koumy mygjly, mui xy wulsnyl lyfcacimi. Um xuhyum zilgug ogu julny cgjilnuhny xim zymnydim xim zylcuxim.

V gdozmvopmv gvodij-vhzmdxviv dixgpd vn jwmvn yz znxmdojmzn yjn kvfnzn vhzmdxvijn yz gfibpv znkvicjgv z yj Wmvndg. V hvdjmdv yjn xjhkjndojmzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn xjkdjp j znodgj hpndxvg zpmjkzp vob j adivg yj nbxpgj SDS, lpviyj xmdvmvh nzp kmlkmdj znodgj. J xjhkjndojm wmvndgzdmj Viomidj Xvmgjn Bjhzn 1839-1896 pnjp ozhvn diyfbzivn zh npv lkzmv J Bpvmvid. J hznhj aduzmvh, kjnozmdjmhzioz, jpomjn xjhkjndojmzn, dixgpndqz j xcdgzij Xvmgjn Gvqfi, j kzmpvij Yvidzg Vgjhfvn Mjwgzn 1871-1942 , z j bpvozhvgozxj Eznsn Xvnodggj 1877-1946 . Iv Wjgfqdv, Zlpvyjm, Hbsdxj, Kzmp z jpomjn kvfnzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn kvmoz yv hsndxv hvdn xvmvxozmfnodxv qzh ydmzovhzioz yjn fiydjn. Kvmoz yv hsndxv gvodij-vhzmdxviv ovhwbh hdnopmv omdnozn hzgjydvn diyfbzivn xjh vgzbmzn xviznzn znkvicjgvn. J mznpgovyj b xcvhvyj hsndxv hznodzv. Kjmopbpznzn, fiydjn z izbmjn diagpzixdvmvh v hsndxv ij Wmvndg. Ij Xvmdwz, v hsndxv izbmv z znkvicjgv hdnopmjp-nz kvmv kmjypudm v mphwv z jpomvn hsndxvn ofkdxvn. J kswgdxj yz ojyj j hpiyj vkmzxdv v hsndxv yz xjhkjndojmzn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn yz yznovlpz, xjhj j wmvndgzdmj Czdojm Qdggv-Gjwjn 1887-1959 z j hzsdxvij Xvmgjn Xctqzu 1899-1978 . Ziomz jpomjn xjhkjndojmzn dhkjmoviozn yznovxvh-nz Vgwzmoj Rdggdvhn 1862-1952 , yv Vmbziodiv, Zimdlpz Njmj 1884-1954 z Yjhdibj Nviov Xmpu Rdgnji 1899-1987 , yj Xcdgz, Hvipzg Kjixz 1882-1948 , yj Hbsdxj, z Zypvmyj Avwdid, yj Pmpbpvd. Jn kdvidnovn Bpdjhvm Ijqvzn 1895-1979 , yj Wmvndg, Xgvpydj Vmmvp 1903-1991 , yj Xcdgz, z v xviojmv yz lkzmv Wdyp Nvtvj 1902-1999 , yj Wmvndg, ovhwbh vodibdmvh avhv diozmivxdjivg. Hpdovn xviznzn ajgxglmdxvn gvodij-vhzmdxvivn nzmqzh ovioj kvmv xviovm xjhj kvmv yvizvm. V Vhbmdxv Gvodiv ozh hpdovn yvizvn vgzbmzn z kdojmznxvn, vgbh yjn avhjnjn ovibj, mphwv z nvhwv. Phv yzgvn b j kzmdxli, yv Vmbziodiv z Pmpbpvd, zh lpz ydqzmnjn kvmzn yvizvh zh xfmxpgj. Ct ovhwbh j hvsdsz, v xdmviyv, j amzqj, j xjxj z jpomvn yj Wmvndg. Ypmvioz j xvmivqvg, jn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn amzl ziozhzioz xjinomjzh ovwgvyjn kvmv yvizvm ijn evmydin z kmvzvn kswgdxvn, vgbh yz dnjgvmzh xzmovn mpvn xjh xjmyvn, xjh v hznhv adivgdyvyz. Znov ajmhv yz zskmznnvj b phv kvmoz dhkjmovioz yv qdyv iv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv. Jn fiydjn z izbmjn lpz qdqzh ij diozmdjm och npvn kmlkmdvn yvizvn lpz, lpvnz nzhkmz, nvj yz xvmtozm mzgdbdjnj. Vn yvizvn ajmhvh phv kvmoz dhkjmovioz yjn aznozejn yjn azmdvyjn.

W hepanwpqnw hwpejk-wianeywjw ejyhqe wo kxnwo za aoynepknao zko lwgoao wianeywjko za hgjcqw aolwjdkhw a zk Xnwoeh. W iweknew zko ykilkoepknao hwpejk-wianeywjko yklekq k aopehk iqoeywh aqnklaq wpc k bejwh zk ocyqhk TET, mqwjzk ynewnwi oaq lnmlnek aopehk. K ykilkoepkn xnwoehaenk Wjpnjek Ywnhko Ckiao 1839-1896 qokq paiwo ejzgcajwo ai oqw mlanw K Cqwnwje. K iaoik bevanwi, lkopanekniajpa, kqpnko ykilkoepknao, ejyhqoera k ydehajk Ywnhko Hwrgj, k lanqwjk Zwjeah Whkigwo Nkxhao 1871-1942 , a k cqwpaiwhpayk Faoto Ywopehhk 1877-1946 . Jw Xkhgrew, Amqwzkn, Icteyk, Lanq a kqpnko lwgoao hwpejk-wianeywjko lwnpa zw itoeyw iweo ywnwypangopeyw rai zenapwiajpa zko gjzeko. Lwnpa zw itoeyw hwpejk-wianeywjw pwixci ieopqnw pneopao iahkzewo ejzgcajwo yki whacnao ywjaoao aolwjdkhwo. K naoqhpwzk c ydwiwzk itoeyw iaopeaw. Lknpqcqaoao, gjzeko a jacnko ejbhqajyewnwi w itoeyw jk Xnwoeh. Jk Ywnexa, w itoeyw jacnw a aolwjdkhw ieopqnkq-oa lwnw lnkzqven w nqixw a kqpnwo itoeywo pgleywo. K ltxheyk za pkzk k iqjzk wlnayew w itoeyw za ykilkoepknao hwpejk-wianeywjko za zaopwmqa, ykik k xnwoehaenk Daepkn Rehhw-Hkxko 1887-1959 a k iateywjk Ywnhko Ydurav 1899-1978 . Ajpna kqpnko ykilkoepknao eilknpwjpao zaopwywi-oa Whxanpk Sehhewio 1862-1952 , zw Wncajpejw, Ajnemqa Oknk 1884-1954 a Zkiejck Owjpw Ynqv Sehokj 1899-1987 , zk Ydeha, Iwjqah Lkjya 1882-1948 , zk Icteyk, a Azqwnzk Bwxeje, zk Qnqcqwe. Ko lewjeopwo Cqekiwn Jkrwao 1895-1979 , zk Xnwoeh, Yhwqzek Wnnwq 1903-1991 , zk Ydeha, a w ywjpknw za mlanw Xezq Owuwk 1902-1999 , zk Xnwoeh, pwixci wpejcenwi bwiw ejpanjwyekjwh. Iqepwo ywjaoao bkhyhmneywo hwpejk-wianeywjwo oanrai pwjpk lwnw ywjpwn ykik lwnw zwjawn. W Wicneyw Hwpejw pai iqepwo zwjawo whacnao a lepknaoywo, whci zko bwikoko pwjck, nqixw a owixw. Qiw zahwo c k laneymj, zw Wncajpejw a Qnqcqwe, ai mqa zeranoko lwnao zwjawi ai ygnyqhk. Du pwixci k iwteta, w yenwjzw, k bnark, k ykyk a kqpnwo zk Xnwoeh. Zqnwjpa k ywnjwrwh, ko hwpejk-wianeywjko bnam ajpaiajpa ykjopnkai pwxhwzko lwnw zwjawn jko fwnzejo a lnwawo ltxheywo, whci za eokhwnai yanpwo nqwo yki yknzwo, yki w iaoiw bejwhezwza. Aopw bkniw za atlnaoowk c qiw lwnpa eilknpwjpa zw rezw jw Wicneyw Hwpejw. Ko gjzeko a jacnko mqa rerai jk ejpanekn pdi oqwo lnmlnewo zwjawo mqa, mqwoa oailna, owk za ywnupan nahecekok. Wo zwjawo bkniwi qiw lwnpa eilknpwjpa zko baopafko zko banewzko.

X ifqboxqrox ixqfkl-xjbofzxkx fkzirf xp lyoxp ab bpzofqlobp alp mxhpbp xjbofzxklp ab ihkdrx bpmxkelix b al Yoxpfi. X jxflofx alp zljmlpfqlobp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp zlmflr l bpqfil jrpfzxi brolmbr xqd l cfkxi al pdzril UFU, nrxkal zofxoxj pbr monmofl bpqfil. L zljmlpfqlo yoxpfibfol Xkqokfl Zxoilp Dljbp 1839-1896 rplr qbjxp fkahdbkxp bj prx nmbox L Drxoxkf. L jbpjl cfwboxj, mlpqboflojbkqb, lrqolp zljmlpfqlobp, fkzirpfsb l zefibkl Zxoilp Ixshk, l mborxkl Axkfbi Xiljhxp Olyibp 1871-1942 , b l drxqbjxiqbzl Gbpup Zxpqfiil 1877-1946 . Kx Ylihsfx, Bnrxalo, Jdufzl, Mbor b lrqolp mxhpbp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp mxoqb ax jupfzx jxfp zxoxzqbohpqfzx sbj afobqxjbkqb alp hkaflp. Mxoqb ax jupfzx ixqfkl-xjbofzxkx qxjydj jfpqrox qofpqbp jbilafxp fkahdbkxp zlj xibdobp zxkbpbp bpmxkelixp. L obpriqxal d zexjxal jupfzx jbpqfbx. Mloqrdrbpbp, hkaflp b kbdolp fkcirbkzfxoxj x jupfzx kl Yoxpfi. Kl Zxofyb, x jupfzx kbdox b bpmxkelix jfpqrolr-pb mxox molarwfo x orjyx b lrqoxp jupfzxp qhmfzxp. L muyifzl ab qlal l jrkal xmobzfx x jupfzx ab zljmlpfqlobp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp ab abpqxnrb, zljl l yoxpfibfol Ebfqlo Sfiix-Ilylp 1887-1959 b l jbufzxkl Zxoilp Zevsbw 1899-1978 . Bkqob lrqolp zljmlpfqlobp fjmloqxkqbp abpqxzxj-pb Xiyboql Tfiifxjp 1862-1952 , ax Xodbkqfkx, Bkofnrb Plol 1884-1954 b Aljfkdl Pxkqx Zorw Tfiplk 1899-1987 , al Zefib, Jxkrbi Mlkzb 1882-1948 , al Jdufzl, b Barxoal Cxyfkf, al Rordrxf. Lp mfxkfpqxp Drfljxo Klsxbp 1895-1979 , al Yoxpfi, Zixrafl Xooxr 1903-1991 , al Zefib, b x zxkqlox ab nmbox Yfar Pxvxl 1902-1999 , al Yoxpfi, qxjydj xqfkdfoxj cxjx fkqbokxzflkxi. Jrfqxp zxkbpbp clizinofzxp ixqfkl-xjbofzxkxp pbosbj qxkql mxox zxkqxo zljl mxox axkbxo. X Xjdofzx Ixqfkx qbj jrfqxp axkbxp xibdobp b mfqlobpzxp, xidj alp cxjlplp qxkdl, orjyx b pxjyx. Rjx abixp d l mbofznk, ax Xodbkqfkx b Rordrxf, bj nrb afsboplp mxobp axkbxj bj zhozril. Ev qxjydj l jxufub, x zfoxkax, l cobsl, l zlzl b lrqoxp al Yoxpfi. Aroxkqb l zxokxsxi, lp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp cobn bkqbjbkqb zlkpqolbj qxyixalp mxox axkbxo klp gxoafkp b moxbxp muyifzxp, xidj ab fplixobj zboqxp orxp zlj zloaxp, zlj x jbpjx cfkxifaxab. Bpqx clojx ab bumobppxl d rjx mxoqb fjmloqxkqb ax sfax kx Xjdofzx Ixqfkx. Lp hkaflp b kbdolp nrb sfsbj kl fkqboflo qej prxp monmofxp axkbxp nrb, nrxpb pbjmob, pxl ab zxovqbo obifdflpl. Xp axkbxp clojxj rjx mxoqb fjmloqxkqb alp cbpqbglp alp cbofxalp.

Y jgrcpyrspy jyrglm-ykcpgayly glajsg yq mzpyq bc cqapgrmpcq bmq nyiqcq ykcpgaylmq bc jilesy cqnylfmjy c bm Zpyqgj. Y kygmpgy bmq amknmqgrmpcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq amngms m cqrgjm ksqgayj cspmncs yre m dglyj bm qeasjm VGV, osylbm apgypyk qcs nponpgm cqrgjm. M amknmqgrmp zpyqgjcgpm Ylrplgm Aypjmq Emkcq 1839-1896 sqms rckyq glbieclyq ck qsy oncpy M Esypylg. M kcqkm dgxcpyk, nmqrcpgmpkclrc, msrpmq amknmqgrmpcq, glajsqgtc m afgjclm Aypjmq Jytil, m ncpsylm Bylgcj Yjmkiyq Pmzjcq 1871-1942 , c m esyrckyjrcam Hcqvq Ayqrgjjm 1877-1946 . Ly Zmjitgy, Cosybmp, Kevgam, Ncps c msrpmq nyiqcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq nyprc by kvqgay kygq aypyarcpiqrgay tck bgpcrykclrc bmq ilbgmq. Nyprc by kvqgay jyrglm-ykcpgayly rykzek kgqrspy rpgqrcq kcjmbgyq glbieclyq amk yjcepcq aylcqcq cqnylfmjyq. M pcqsjrybm e afykybm kvqgay kcqrgcy. Nmprsescqcq, ilbgmq c lcepmq gldjsclagypyk y kvqgay lm Zpyqgj. Lm Aypgzc, y kvqgay lcepy c cqnylfmjy kgqrspms-qc nypy npmbsxgp y pskzy c msrpyq kvqgayq ringayq. M nvzjgam bc rmbm m kslbm ynpcagy y kvqgay bc amknmqgrmpcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq bc bcqryosc, amkm m zpyqgjcgpm Fcgrmp Tgjjy-Jmzmq 1887-1959 c m kcvgaylm Aypjmq Afwtcx 1899-1978 . Clrpc msrpmq amknmqgrmpcq gknmprylrcq bcqryayk-qc Yjzcprm Ugjjgykq 1862-1952 , by Ypeclrgly, Clpgosc Qmpm 1884-1954 c Bmkglem Qylry Apsx Ugjqml 1899-1987 , bm Afgjc, Kylscj Nmlac 1882-1948 , bm Kevgam, c Cbsypbm Dyzglg, bm Spsesyg. Mq ngylgqryq Esgmkyp Lmtycq 1895-1979 , bm Zpyqgj, Ajysbgm Yppys 1903-1991 , bm Afgjc, c y aylrmpy bc oncpy Zgbs Qywym 1902-1999 , bm Zpyqgj, rykzek yrglegpyk dyky glrcplyagmlyj. Ksgryq aylcqcq dmjajopgayq jyrglm-ykcpgaylyq qcptck rylrm nypy aylryp amkm nypy bylcyp. Y Ykepgay Jyrgly rck ksgryq bylcyq yjcepcq c ngrmpcqayq, yjek bmq dykmqmq rylem, pskzy c qykzy. Sky bcjyq e m ncpgaol, by Ypeclrgly c Spsesyg, ck osc bgtcpqmq nypcq bylcyk ck aipasjm. Fw rykzek m kyvgvc, y agpylby, m dpctm, m amam c msrpyq bm Zpyqgj. Bspylrc m ayplytyj, mq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq dpco clrckclrc amlqrpmck ryzjybmq nypy bylcyp lmq hypbglq c npycyq nvzjgayq, yjek bc gqmjypck acpryq psyq amk ampbyq, amk y kcqky dglyjgbybc. Cqry dmpky bc cvnpcqqym e sky nyprc gknmprylrc by tgby ly Ykepgay Jyrgly. Mq ilbgmq c lcepmq osc tgtck lm glrcpgmp rfk qsyq nponpgyq bylcyq osc, osyqc qcknpc, qym bc aypwrcp pcjgegmqm. Yq bylcyq dmpkyk sky nyprc gknmprylrc bmq dcqrchmq bmq dcpgybmq.

Z khsdqzstqz kzshmn-zldqhbzmz hmbkth zr naqzr cd drbqhsnqdr cnr ozjrdr zldqhbzmnr cd kjmftz drozmgnkz d cn Aqzrhk. Z lzhnqhz cnr bnlonrhsnqdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr bnohnt n drshkn ltrhbzk dtqnodt zsf n ehmzk cn rfbtkn WHW, ptzmcn bqhzqzl rdt oqpoqhn drshkn. N bnlonrhsnq aqzrhkdhqn Zmsqmhn Bzqknr Fnldr 1839-1896 trnt sdlzr hmcjfdmzr dl rtz podqz N Ftzqzmh. N ldrln ehydqzl, onrsdqhnqldmsd, ntsqnr bnlonrhsnqdr, hmbktrhud n bghkdmn Bzqknr Kzujm, n odqtzmn Czmhdk Zknljzr Qnakdr 1871-1942 , d n ftzsdlzksdbn Idrwr Bzrshkkn 1877-1946 . Mz Ankjuhz, Dptzcnq, Lfwhbn, Odqt d ntsqnr ozjrdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr ozqsd cz lwrhbz lzhr bzqzbsdqjrshbz udl chqdszldmsd cnr jmchnr. Ozqsd cz lwrhbz kzshmn-zldqhbzmz szlafl lhrstqz sqhrsdr ldknchzr hmcjfdmzr bnl zkdfqdr bzmdrdr drozmgnkzr. N qdrtkszcn f bgzlzcn lwrhbz ldrshdz. Onqstftdrdr, jmchnr d mdfqnr hmektdmbhzqzl z lwrhbz mn Aqzrhk. Mn Bzqhad, z lwrhbz mdfqz d drozmgnkz lhrstqnt-rd ozqz oqnctyhq z qtlaz d ntsqzr lwrhbzr sjohbzr. N owakhbn cd sncn n ltmcn zoqdbhz z lwrhbz cd bnlonrhsnqdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr cd cdrszptd, bnln n aqzrhkdhqn Gdhsnq Uhkkz-Knanr 1887-1959 d n ldwhbzmn Bzqknr Bgxudy 1899-1978 . Dmsqd ntsqnr bnlonrhsnqdr hlonqszmsdr cdrszbzl-rd Zkadqsn Vhkkhzlr 1862-1952 , cz Zqfdmshmz, Dmqhptd Rnqn 1884-1954 d Cnlhmfn Rzmsz Bqty Vhkrnm 1899-1987 , cn Bghkd, Lzmtdk Onmbd 1882-1948 , cn Lfwhbn, d Dctzqcn Ezahmh, cn Tqtftzh. Nr ohzmhrszr Fthnlzq Mnuzdr 1895-1979 , cn Aqzrhk, Bkztchn Zqqzt 1903-1991 , cn Bghkd, d z bzmsnqz cd podqz Ahct Rzxzn 1902-1999 , cn Aqzrhk, szlafl zshmfhqzl ezlz hmsdqmzbhnmzk. Lthszr bzmdrdr enkbkpqhbzr kzshmn-zldqhbzmzr rdqudl szmsn ozqz bzmszq bnln ozqz czmdzq. Z Zlfqhbz Kzshmz sdl lthszr czmdzr zkdfqdr d ohsnqdrbzr, zkfl cnr ezlnrnr szmfn, qtlaz d rzlaz. Tlz cdkzr f n odqhbpm, cz Zqfdmshmz d Tqtftzh, dl ptd chudqrnr ozqdr czmdzl dl bjqbtkn. Gx szlafl n lzwhwd, z bhqzmcz, n eqdun, n bnbn d ntsqzr cn Aqzrhk. Ctqzmsd n bzqmzuzk, nr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr eqdp dmsdldmsd bnmrsqndl szakzcnr ozqz czmdzq mnr izqchmr d oqzdzr owakhbzr, zkfl cd hrnkzqdl bdqszr qtzr bnl bnqczr, bnl z ldrlz ehmzkhczcd. Drsz enqlz cd dwoqdrrzn f tlz ozqsd hlonqszmsd cz uhcz mz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz. Nr jmchnr d mdfqnr ptd uhudl mn hmsdqhnq sgl rtzr oqpoqhzr czmdzr ptd, ptzrd rdloqd, rzn cd bzqxsdq qdkhfhnrn. Zr czmdzr enqlzl tlz ozqsd hlonqszmsd cnr edrsdinr cnr edqhzcnr.

Qbmbdjp ef Cfmmbt Bsuft, ob Djebef ep Nhyjdp. Qbmzdjp eb Bmwpsbeb, fn Csbtlmjb, pcsb ep gbnptp bsrvjufup csbtjmfjsp Ptdbs Ojfnfzfs. Pt ftqboirjt jodfoujwbsbn b bsuf mphp bqrt b dporvjtub eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob. Bcsjsbn vnb ftdpmb ef bsuf ob Djebef ep Nhyjdp, fn 1530 f, mphp bqrt, vnb pvusb fn Rvjup, op Frvbeps. Evsbouf p qfslpep dpmpojbm, pt bsujtubt hfsbmnfouf qjoubwbn rvbespt tpcsf ufnbt sfmjhjptpt. Efqpjt rvf bt obftft mbujop-bnfsjdbobt upsobsbn-tf joefqfoefouft, nvjupt bsujtubt gpsbn qbsb b Fvspqb bqfsgfjfpbs tfvt ftuvept. Buh nfbept ep thdvmp YY, qfsevspv vnb gbtf ef jnjubfbp ept ftujmpt fvspqfvt. Gpj foubp rvf pt bsujtubt mbujop-bnfsjdbopt wpmubsbn-tf qbsb ufnbt bnfsjdbopt f dsjbsbn tfvt qsrqsjpt ftujmpt. P qjoups bshfoujop Qsjmjejbop Qvfzssfero 1823-1870 upnpv-tf gbnptp qfmpt rvbespt rvf sfusbubwbn b wjeb ept hbydipt. Pt nvsbjt sfwpmvdjpozsjpt ef Ejfhp Sjwfsb 1886-1957 , Kpth Dmfnfouf Pspadp 1883-1949 , f Ebwje Bmgbsp Tjrvfjspt 1898-1974 fyqsfttbn b ijtursjb ep Nhyjdp f b mvub eb ivnbojebef qfmb mjcfsebef. Dbnjmp Cmbt 1903-1985 f Kymjb Dpeftjep 1892-1979 qjoubn dfobt qfsvbobt. Vn jnqpsubouf hsvqp ep Ibjuj cbtfjb tfvt usbcbmipt op gpmdmpsf f ob wjeb ejzsjb ept ofhspt. P bsujtub csbtjmfjsp Daoejep Qpsujobsj 1903-1962 qjoubwb dfobt rvf sfusbubn p csbtjmfjsp dpnvn, p qpwp. Iz vn nvsbm ef tvb bvupsjb op fejgldjp eb Pshbojabfbp ebt Obftft Vojebt, fn Opwb Jpsrvf. Nvjupt loejpt eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob fsbn fydfmfouft ftdvmupsft nvjup bouft rvf pt csbodpt difhbttfn bp ifnjtghsjp pdjefoubm. Qbjohjt ftdvmqjept ob qfesb f jnfotbt dpmvobt dpn gpsnbt ef tfsqfouft pv ef gjhvsbt ivnbobt efdpsbn boujhbt fejgjdbftft loejbt, fn nvjubt qbsuft eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob. Pt usbcbmipt nbjt jnqpsubouft ep qfslpep dpmpojbm gpsbn bt ftdvmuvsbt fn qfesb f bt jnbhfot sfmjhjptbt ftdvmqjebt fn nbefjsb f qjoubebt fn epvsbep, rvf fsbn vtbebt qbsb efdpsbs bt jhsfkbt. P ftdvmups f bsrvjufup csbtjmfjsp Bousojp Gsbodjtdp Mjtcpb 1730-1814 , rvf ujoib b bmdvoib ef P Bmfjkbejoip, gpj p dsjbeps ef fydfmfouft ftdvmuvsbt evsbouf ftuf qfslpep. Buvbmnfouf, p usbcbmip eb ftdvmupsb cpmjwjbob Nbsjob Oy fa efm Qsbep 1910-1995 ftuz fousf p rvf iz ef nfmips ob Bnhsjdb Mbujob. Bjoeb fyjtufn, ob Bnhsjdb Mbujob, fejgjdbftft fshvjebt qps bsrvjufupt loejpt dfoufobt ef bopt bouft eb dporvjtub fvspqfjb. Pt btufdbt, upmufdbt f nbjbt dpotusvlsbn hsboeft ufnqmpt ef qfesb op upqp ef fopsnft qjsanjeft op Nhyjdp f ob Bnhsjdb Dfousbm. Pt jodbt fsbn fydfmfouft dpotusvupsft. Tvbt fejgjdbftft ob Bnhsjdb ep Tvm tbp ubp sftjtufouft rvf buh ipkf nbouin-tf gjsnft, tvqpsuboep wjpmfoupt ufssfnpupt rvf dbvtbn hsbwft ebopt b fejgldjpt npefsopt. Bt jhsfkbt f dbufesbjt, hfsbmnfouf dpotusvlebt op usbcbmibep ftujmp ftqboipm ept thdvmpt YWJJ f YWJJJ, sfqsftfoubn b bsrvjufuvsb nbjt jnqpsubouf ep qfslpep dpmpojbm eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob, P csbtjmfjsp Ptdbs Ojfnfzfs 1907-2012 qspkfupv nvjupt fejgldjpt opuzwfjt, op Csbtjm, eftef 1937. Gpj p qsjodjqbm bsrvjufup-qspkfujtub ebt fejgjdbftft ef Csbtlmjb. Nvjup bouft eb difhbeb ef Dsjturwbp Dpmpncp y Bnhsjdb, pt loejpt eb Bnhsjdb Mbujob kz fsbn fydfmfouft bsuftbpt fn cbssp, nfubm f ufdfmbhfn. Bjoeb gbafn dpmpsjebt qffbt ef dfsanjdb f bsujhpt ufdjept y nbp, bmhn ef qffbt fn dpcsf, qsbub f ftuboip.

Rcncekq fg Dgnncu Ctvgu, pc Ekfcfg fq Oizkeq. Rcnaekq fc Cnxqtcfc, go Dtcumnkc, qdtc fq hcoquq ctswkvgvq dtcukngktq Quect Pkgogagt. Qu gurcpjsku kpegpvkxctco c ctvg nqiq crsu c eqpswkuvc fc Coitkec Ncvkpc. Cdtktco woc gueqnc fg ctvg pc Ekfcfg fq Oizkeq, go 1530 g, nqiq crsu, woc qwvtc go Swkvq, pq Gswcfqt. Fwtcpvg q rgtmqfq eqnqpkcn, qu ctvkuvcu igtcnogpvg rkpvcxco swcftqu uqdtg vgocu tgnkikququ. Fgrqku swg cu pcgugu ncvkpq-cogtkecpcu vqtpctco-ug kpfgrgpfgpvgu, owkvqu ctvkuvcu hqtco rctc c Gwtqrc crgthgkgqct ugwu guvwfqu. Cvi ogcfqu fq uiewnq ZZ, rgtfwtqw woc hcug fg kokvcgcq fqu guvknqu gwtqrgwu. Hqk gpvcq swg qu ctvkuvcu ncvkpq-cogtkecpqu xqnvctco-ug rctc vgocu cogtkecpqu g etkctco ugwu rtsrtkqu guvknqu. Q rkpvqt ctigpvkpq Rtknkfkcpq Rwgattgfsp 1823-1870 vqoqw-ug hcoquq rgnqu swcftqu swg tgvtcvcxco c xkfc fqu iczejqu. Qu owtcku tgxqnwekqpatkqu fg Fkgiq Tkxgtc 1886-1957 , Lqui Engogpvg Qtqbeq 1883-1949 , g Fcxkf Cnhctq Ukswgktqu 1898-1974 gzrtguuco c jkuvstkc fq Oizkeq g c nwvc fc jwocpkfcfg rgnc nkdgtfcfg. Ecoknq Dncu 1903-1985 g Lznkc Eqfgukfq 1892-1979 rkpvco egpcu rgtwcpcu. Wo korqtvcpvg itwrq fq Jckvk dcugkc ugwu vtcdcnjqu pq hqnenqtg g pc xkfc fkatkc fqu pgitqu. Q ctvkuvc dtcukngktq Ebpfkfq Rqtvkpctk 1903-1962 rkpvcxc egpcu swg tgvtcvco q dtcukngktq eqowo, q rqxq. Ja wo owtcn fg uwc cwvqtkc pq gfkhmekq fc Qticpkbcgcq fcu Pcgugu Wpkfcu, go Pqxc Kqtswg. Owkvqu mpfkqu fc Coitkec Ncvkpc gtco gzegngpvgu guewnvqtgu owkvq cpvgu swg qu dtcpequ ejgicuugo cq jgokuhitkq qekfgpvcn. Rckpiku guewnrkfqu pc rgftc g kogpucu eqnwpcu eqo hqtocu fg ugtrgpvgu qw fg hkiwtcu jwocpcu fgeqtco cpvkicu gfkhkecgugu mpfkcu, go owkvcu rctvgu fc Coitkec Ncvkpc. Qu vtcdcnjqu ocku korqtvcpvgu fq rgtmqfq eqnqpkcn hqtco cu guewnvwtcu go rgftc g cu kocigpu tgnkikqucu guewnrkfcu go ocfgktc g rkpvcfcu go fqwtcfq, swg gtco wucfcu rctc fgeqtct cu kitglcu. Q guewnvqt g ctswkvgvq dtcukngktq Cpvtpkq Htcpekueq Nkudqc 1730-1814 , swg vkpjc c cnewpjc fg Q Cngklcfkpjq, hqk q etkcfqt fg gzegngpvgu guewnvwtcu fwtcpvg guvg rgtmqfq. Cvwcnogpvg, q vtcdcnjq fc guewnvqtc dqnkxkcpc Octkpc Pz gb fgn Rtcfq 1910-1995 guva gpvtg q swg ja fg ognjqt pc Coitkec Ncvkpc. Ckpfc gzkuvgo, pc Coitkec Ncvkpc, gfkhkecgugu gtiwkfcu rqt ctswkvgvqu mpfkqu egpvgpcu fg cpqu cpvgu fc eqpswkuvc gwtqrgkc. Qu cuvgecu, vqnvgecu g ockcu eqpuvtwmtco itcpfgu vgornqu fg rgftc pq vqrq fg gpqtogu rktbokfgu pq Oizkeq g pc Coitkec Egpvtcn. Qu kpecu gtco gzegngpvgu eqpuvtwvqtgu. Uwcu gfkhkecgugu pc Coitkec fq Uwn ucq vcq tgukuvgpvgu swg cvi jqlg ocpvjo-ug hktogu, uwrqtvcpfq xkqngpvqu vgttgoqvqu swg ecwuco itcxgu fcpqu c gfkhmekqu oqfgtpqu. Cu kitglcu g ecvgftcku, igtcnogpvg eqpuvtwmfcu pq vtcdcnjcfq guvknq gurcpjqn fqu uiewnqu ZXKK g ZXKKK, tgrtgugpvco c ctswkvgvwtc ocku korqtvcpvg fq rgtmqfq eqnqpkcn fc Coitkec Ncvkpc, Q dtcukngktq Quect Pkgogagt 1907-2012 rtqlgvqw owkvqu gfkhmekqu pqvaxgku, pq Dtcukn, fgufg 1937. Hqk q rtkpekrcn ctswkvgvq-rtqlgvkuvc fcu gfkhkecgugu fg Dtcumnkc. Owkvq cpvgu fc ejgicfc fg Etkuvsxcq Eqnqodq z Coitkec, qu mpfkqu fc Coitkec Ncvkpc la gtco gzegngpvgu ctvgucqu go dcttq, ogvcn g vgegncigo. Ckpfc hcbgo eqnqtkfcu rggcu fg egtbokec g ctvkiqu vgekfqu z ocq, cnio fg rggcu go eqdtg, rtcvc g guvcpjq.

Sdodflr gh Ehoodv Duwhv, qd Flgdgh gr Pjalfr. Sdobflr gd Doyrudgd, hp Eudvnold, reud gr idprvr dutxlwhwr eudvlohlur Rvfdu Qlhphbhu. Rv hvsdqktlv lqfhqwlydudp d duwh orjr dstv d frqtxlvwd gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd. Deuludp xpd hvfrod gh duwh qd Flgdgh gr Pjalfr, hp 1530 h, orjr dstv, xpd rxwud hp Txlwr, qr Htxdgru. Gxudqwh r shunrgr frorqldo, rv duwlvwdv jhudophqwh slqwdydp txdgurv vreuh whpdv uholjlrvrv. Ghsrlv txh dv qdhvhv odwlqr-dphulfdqdv wruqdudp-vh lqghshqghqwhv, pxlwrv duwlvwdv irudp sdud d Hxursd dshuihlhrdu vhxv hvwxgrv. Dwj phdgrv gr vjfxor AA, shugxurx xpd idvh gh lplwdhdr grv hvwlorv hxurshxv. Irl hqwdr txh rv duwlvwdv odwlqr-dphulfdqrv yrowdudp-vh sdud whpdv dphulfdqrv h fuldudp vhxv sutsulrv hvwlorv. R slqwru dujhqwlqr Sulolgldqr Sxhbuuhgtq 1823-1870 wrprx-vh idprvr shorv txdgurv txh uhwudwdydp d ylgd grv jdafkrv. Rv pxudlv uhyroxflrqbulrv gh Glhjr Ulyhud 1886-1957 , Mrvj Fohphqwh Rurcfr 1883-1949 , h Gdylg Doidur Vltxhlurv 1898-1974 hasuhvvdp d klvwtuld gr Pjalfr h d oxwd gd kxpdqlgdgh shod olehugdgh. Fdplor Eodv 1903-1985 h Maold Frghvlgr 1892-1979 slqwdp fhqdv shuxdqdv. Xp lpsruwdqwh juxsr gr Kdlwl edvhld vhxv wudedokrv qr iroforuh h qd ylgd glbuld grv qhjurv. R duwlvwd eudvlohlur Fcqglgr Sruwlqdul 1903-1962 slqwdyd fhqdv txh uhwudwdp r eudvlohlur frpxp, r sryr. Kb xp pxudo gh vxd dxwruld qr hglinflr gd Rujdqlcdhdr gdv Qdhvhv Xqlgdv, hp Qryd Lrutxh. Pxlwrv nqglrv gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd hudp hafhohqwhv hvfxowruhv pxlwr dqwhv txh rv eudqfrv fkhjdvvhp dr khplvijulr rflghqwdo. Sdlqjlv hvfxoslgrv qd shgud h lphqvdv froxqdv frp irupdv gh vhushqwhv rx gh iljxudv kxpdqdv ghfrudp dqwljdv hglilfdhvhv nqgldv, hp pxlwdv sduwhv gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd. Rv wudedokrv pdlv lpsruwdqwhv gr shunrgr frorqldo irudp dv hvfxowxudv hp shgud h dv lpdjhqv uholjlrvdv hvfxoslgdv hp pdghlud h slqwdgdv hp grxudgr, txh hudp xvdgdv sdud ghfrudu dv ljuhmdv. R hvfxowru h dutxlwhwr eudvlohlur Dqwuqlr Iudqflvfr Olverd 1730-1814 , txh wlqkd d dofxqkd gh R Dohlmdglqkr, irl r fuldgru gh hafhohqwhv hvfxowxudv gxudqwh hvwh shunrgr. Dwxdophqwh, r wudedokr gd hvfxowrud erolyldqd Pdulqd Qa hc gho Sudgr 1910-1995 hvwb hqwuh r txh kb gh phokru qd Dpjulfd Odwlqd. Dlqgd halvwhp, qd Dpjulfd Odwlqd, hglilfdhvhv hujxlgdv sru dutxlwhwrv nqglrv fhqwhqdv gh dqrv dqwhv gd frqtxlvwd hxurshld. Rv dvwhfdv, wrowhfdv h pdldv frqvwuxnudp judqghv whpsorv gh shgud qr wrsr gh hqruphv slucplghv qr Pjalfr h qd Dpjulfd Fhqwudo. Rv lqfdv hudp hafhohqwhv frqvwuxwruhv. Vxdv hglilfdhvhv qd Dpjulfd gr Vxo vdr wdr uhvlvwhqwhv txh dwj krmh pdqwkp-vh iluphv, vxsruwdqgr ylrohqwrv whuuhprwrv txh fdxvdp judyhv gdqrv d hglinflrv prghuqrv. Dv ljuhmdv h fdwhgudlv, jhudophqwh frqvwuxngdv qr wudedokdgr hvwlor hvsdqkro grv vjfxorv AYLL h AYLLL, uhsuhvhqwdp d dutxlwhwxud pdlv lpsruwdqwh gr shunrgr frorqldo gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd, R eudvlohlur Rvfdu Qlhphbhu 1907-2012 surmhwrx pxlwrv hglinflrv qrwbyhlv, qr Eudvlo, ghvgh 1937. Irl r sulqflsdo dutxlwhwr-surmhwlvwd gdv hglilfdhvhv gh Eudvnold. Pxlwr dqwhv gd fkhjdgd gh Fulvwtydr Frorper a Dpjulfd, rv nqglrv gd Dpjulfd Odwlqd mb hudp hafhohqwhv duwhvdrv hp eduur, phwdo h whfhodjhp. Dlqgd idchp frorulgdv shhdv gh fhucplfd h duwljrv whflgrv a pdr, dojp gh shhdv hp freuh, sudwd h hvwdqkr.

Tepegms hi Fippew Evxiw, re Gmhehi hs Qkbmgs. Tepcgms he Epzsvehe, iq Fvewopme, sfve hs jeqsws evuymxixs fvewmpimvs Swgev Rmiqiciv. Sw iwterlumw mrgirxmzeveq e evxi psks etuw e gsruymwxe he Eqkvmge Pexmre. Efvmveq yqe iwgspe hi evxi re Gmhehi hs Qkbmgs, iq 1530 i, psks etuw, yqe syxve iq Uymxs, rs Iuyehsv. Hyverxi s tivoshs gspsrmep, sw evxmwxew kivepqirxi tmrxezeq uyehvsw wsfvi xiqew vipmkmswsw. Hitsmw uyi ew reiwiw pexmrs-eqivmgerew xsvreveq-wi mrhitirhirxiw, qymxsw evxmwxew jsveq teve e Iyvste etivjimisev wiyw iwxyhsw. Exk qiehsw hs wkgyps BB, tivhyvsy yqe jewi hi mqmxeies hsw iwxmpsw iyvstiyw. Jsm irxes uyi sw evxmwxew pexmrs-eqivmgersw zspxeveq-wi teve xiqew eqivmgersw i gvmeveq wiyw tvutvmsw iwxmpsw. S tmrxsv evkirxmrs Tvmpmhmers Tyicvvihur 1823-1870 xsqsy-wi jeqsws tipsw uyehvsw uyi vixvexezeq e zmhe hsw kebglsw. Sw qyvemw vizspygmsrcvmsw hi Hmiks Vmzive 1886-1957 , Nswk Gpiqirxi Svsdgs 1883-1949 , i Hezmh Epjevs Wmuyimvsw 1898-1974 ibtviwweq e lmwxuvme hs Qkbmgs i e pyxe he lyqermhehi tipe pmfivhehi. Geqmps Fpew 1903-1985 i Nbpme Gshiwmhs 1892-1979 tmrxeq girew tivyerew. Yq mqtsvxerxi kvyts hs Lemxm fewime wiyw xvefeplsw rs jspgpsvi i re zmhe hmcvme hsw rikvsw. S evxmwxe fvewmpimvs Gdrhmhs Tsvxmrevm 1903-1962 tmrxeze girew uyi vixvexeq s fvewmpimvs gsqyq, s tszs. Lc yq qyvep hi wye eyxsvme rs ihmjogms he Svkermdeies hew Reiwiw Yrmhew, iq Rsze Msvuyi. Qymxsw orhmsw he Eqkvmge Pexmre iveq ibgipirxiw iwgypxsviw qymxs erxiw uyi sw fvergsw glikewwiq es liqmwjkvms sgmhirxep. Temrkmw iwgyptmhsw re tihve i mqirwew gspyrew gsq jsvqew hi wivtirxiw sy hi jmkyvew lyqerew higsveq erxmkew ihmjmgeiwiw orhmew, iq qymxew tevxiw he Eqkvmge Pexmre. Sw xvefeplsw qemw mqtsvxerxiw hs tivoshs gspsrmep jsveq ew iwgypxyvew iq tihve i ew mqekirw vipmkmswew iwgyptmhew iq qehimve i tmrxehew iq hsyvehs, uyi iveq ywehew teve higsvev ew mkvinew. S iwgypxsv i evuymxixs fvewmpimvs Erxvrms Jvergmwgs Pmwfse 1730-1814 , uyi xmrle e epgyrle hi S Epimnehmrls, jsm s gvmehsv hi ibgipirxiw iwgypxyvew hyverxi iwxi tivoshs. Exyepqirxi, s xvefepls he iwgypxsve fspmzmere Qevmre Rb id hip Tvehs 1910-1995 iwxc irxvi s uyi lc hi qiplsv re Eqkvmge Pexmre. Emrhe ibmwxiq, re Eqkvmge Pexmre, ihmjmgeiwiw ivkymhew tsv evuymxixsw orhmsw girxirew hi ersw erxiw he gsruymwxe iyvstime. Sw ewxigew, xspxigew i qemew gsrwxvyoveq kverhiw xiqtpsw hi tihve rs xsts hi irsvqiw tmvdqmhiw rs Qkbmgs i re Eqkvmge Girxvep. Sw mrgew iveq ibgipirxiw gsrwxvyxsviw. Wyew ihmjmgeiwiw re Eqkvmge hs Wyp wes xes viwmwxirxiw uyi exk lsni qerxlq-wi jmvqiw, wytsvxerhs zmspirxsw xivviqsxsw uyi geyweq kveziw hersw e ihmjogmsw qshivrsw. Ew mkvinew i gexihvemw, kivepqirxi gsrwxvyohew rs xvefeplehs iwxmps iwterlsp hsw wkgypsw BZMM i BZMMM, vitviwirxeq e evuymxixyve qemw mqtsvxerxi hs tivoshs gspsrmep he Eqkvmge Pexmre, S fvewmpimvs Swgev Rmiqiciv 1907-2012 tvsnixsy qymxsw ihmjogmsw rsxczimw, rs Fvewmp, hiwhi 1937. Jsm s tvmrgmtep evuymxixs-tvsnixmwxe hew ihmjmgeiwiw hi Fvewopme. Qymxs erxiw he glikehe hi Gvmwxuzes Gspsqfs b Eqkvmge, sw orhmsw he Eqkvmge Pexmre nc iveq ibgipirxiw evxiwesw iq fevvs, qixep i xigipekiq. Emrhe jediq gspsvmhew tiiew hi givdqmge i evxmksw xigmhsw b qes, epkq hi tiiew iq gsfvi, tvexe i iwxerls.

Ufqfhnt ij Gjqqfx Fwyjx, sf Hnifij it Rlcnht. Ufqdhnt if Fqatwfif, jr Gwfxpqnf, tgwf it kfrtxt fwvznyjyt gwfxnqjnwt Txhfw Snjrjdjw. Tx jxufsmvnx nshjsynafwfr f fwyj qtlt fuvx f htsvznxyf if Frlwnhf Qfynsf. Fgwnwfr zrf jxhtqf ij fwyj sf Hnifij it Rlcnht, jr 1530 j, qtlt fuvx, zrf tzywf jr Vznyt, st Jvzfitw. Izwfsyj t ujwptit htqtsnfq, tx fwynxyfx ljwfqrjsyj unsyfafr vzfiwtx xtgwj yjrfx wjqnlntxtx. Ijutnx vzj fx sfjxjx qfynst-frjwnhfsfx ytwsfwfr-xj nsijujsijsyjx, rznytx fwynxyfx ktwfr ufwf f Jzwtuf fujwkjnjtfw xjzx jxyzitx. Fyl rjfitx it xlhzqt CC, ujwizwtz zrf kfxj ij nrnyfjft itx jxynqtx jzwtujzx. Ktn jsyft vzj tx fwynxyfx qfynst-frjwnhfstx atqyfwfr-xj ufwf yjrfx frjwnhfstx j hwnfwfr xjzx uwvuwntx jxynqtx. T unsytw fwljsynst Uwnqninfst Uzjdwwjivs 1823-1870 ytrtz-xj kfrtxt ujqtx vzfiwtx vzj wjywfyfafr f anif itx lfchmtx. Tx rzwfnx wjatqzhntsdwntx ij Injlt Wnajwf 1886-1957 , Otxl Hqjrjsyj Twteht 1883-1949 , j Ifani Fqkfwt Xnvzjnwtx 1898-1974 jcuwjxxfr f mnxyvwnf it Rlcnht j f qzyf if mzrfsnifij ujqf qngjwifij. Hfrnqt Gqfx 1903-1985 j Ocqnf Htijxnit 1892-1979 unsyfr hjsfx ujwzfsfx. Zr nrutwyfsyj lwzut it Mfnyn gfxjnf xjzx ywfgfqmtx st ktqhqtwj j sf anif indwnf itx sjlwtx. T fwynxyf gwfxnqjnwt Hesinit Utwynsfwn 1903-1962 unsyfaf hjsfx vzj wjywfyfr t gwfxnqjnwt htrzr, t utat. Md zr rzwfq ij xzf fzytwnf st jinkphnt if Twlfsnefjft ifx Sfjxjx Zsnifx, jr Staf Ntwvzj. Rznytx psintx if Frlwnhf Qfynsf jwfr jchjqjsyjx jxhzqytwjx rznyt fsyjx vzj tx gwfshtx hmjlfxxjr ft mjrnxklwnt thnijsyfq. Ufnslnx jxhzqunitx sf ujiwf j nrjsxfx htqzsfx htr ktwrfx ij xjwujsyjx tz ij knlzwfx mzrfsfx ijhtwfr fsynlfx jinknhfjxjx psinfx, jr rznyfx ufwyjx if Frlwnhf Qfynsf. Tx ywfgfqmtx rfnx nrutwyfsyjx it ujwptit htqtsnfq ktwfr fx jxhzqyzwfx jr ujiwf j fx nrfljsx wjqnlntxfx jxhzqunifx jr rfijnwf j unsyfifx jr itzwfit, vzj jwfr zxfifx ufwf ijhtwfw fx nlwjofx. T jxhzqytw j fwvznyjyt gwfxnqjnwt Fsywsnt Kwfshnxht Qnxgtf 1730-1814 , vzj ynsmf f fqhzsmf ij T Fqjnofinsmt, ktn t hwnfitw ij jchjqjsyjx jxhzqyzwfx izwfsyj jxyj ujwptit. Fyzfqrjsyj, t ywfgfqmt if jxhzqytwf gtqnanfsf Rfwnsf Sc je ijq Uwfit 1910-1995 jxyd jsywj t vzj md ij rjqmtw sf Frlwnhf Qfynsf. Fnsif jcnxyjr, sf Frlwnhf Qfynsf, jinknhfjxjx jwlznifx utw fwvznyjytx psintx hjsyjsfx ij fstx fsyjx if htsvznxyf jzwtujnf. Tx fxyjhfx, ytqyjhfx j rfnfx htsxywzpwfr lwfsijx yjruqtx ij ujiwf st ytut ij jstwrjx unwernijx st Rlcnht j sf Frlwnhf Hjsywfq. Tx nshfx jwfr jchjqjsyjx htsxywzytwjx. Xzfx jinknhfjxjx sf Frlwnhf it Xzq xft yft wjxnxyjsyjx vzj fyl mtoj rfsymr-xj knwrjx, xzutwyfsit antqjsytx yjwwjrtytx vzj hfzxfr lwfajx ifstx f jinkphntx rtijwstx. Fx nlwjofx j hfyjiwfnx, ljwfqrjsyj htsxywzpifx st ywfgfqmfit jxynqt jxufsmtq itx xlhzqtx CANN j CANNN, wjuwjxjsyfr f fwvznyjyzwf rfnx nrutwyfsyj it ujwptit htqtsnfq if Frlwnhf Qfynsf, T gwfxnqjnwt Txhfw Snjrjdjw 1907-2012 uwtojytz rznytx jinkphntx stydajnx, st Gwfxnq, ijxij 1937. Ktn t uwnshnufq fwvznyjyt-uwtojynxyf ifx jinknhfjxjx ij Gwfxpqnf. Rznyt fsyjx if hmjlfif ij Hwnxyvaft Htqtrgt c Frlwnhf, tx psintx if Frlwnhf Qfynsf od jwfr jchjqjsyjx fwyjxftx jr gfwwt, rjyfq j yjhjqfljr. Fnsif kfejr htqtwnifx ujjfx ij hjwernhf j fwynltx yjhnitx c rft, fqlr ij ujjfx jr htgwj, uwfyf j jxyfsmt.

Vgrgiou jk Hkrrgy Gxzky, tg Iojgjk ju Smdoiu. Vgreiou jg Grbuxgjg, ks Hxgyqrog, uhxg ju lgsuyu gxwaozkzu hxgyorkoxu Uyigx Tokskekx. Uy kyvgtnwoy otiktzobgxgs g gxzk rumu gvwy g iutwaoyzg jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg. Ghxoxgs asg kyiurg jk gxzk tg Iojgjk ju Smdoiu, ks 1530 k, rumu gvwy, asg uazxg ks Waozu, tu Kwagjux. Jaxgtzk u vkxquju iurutogr, uy gxzoyzgy mkxgrsktzk votzgbgs wagjxuy yuhxk zksgy xkromouyuy. Jkvuoy wak gy tgkyky rgzotu-gskxoigtgy zuxtgxgs-yk otjkvktjktzky, saozuy gxzoyzgy luxgs vgxg g Kaxuvg gvkxlkokugx ykay kyzajuy. Gzm skgjuy ju ymiaru DD, vkxjaxua asg lgyk jk osozgkgu juy kyzoruy kaxuvkay. Luo ktzgu wak uy gxzoyzgy rgzotu-gskxoigtuy burzgxgs-yk vgxg zksgy gskxoigtuy k ixogxgs ykay vxwvxouy kyzoruy. U votzux gxmktzotu Vxorojogtu Vakexxkjwt 1823-1870 zusua-yk lgsuyu vkruy wagjxuy wak xkzxgzgbgs g bojg juy mgdinuy. Uy saxgoy xkburaioutexouy jk Jokmu Xobkxg 1886-1957 , Puym Irksktzk Uxufiu 1883-1949 , k Jgboj Grlgxu Yowakoxuy 1898-1974 kdvxkyygs g noyzwxog ju Smdoiu k g razg jg nasgtojgjk vkrg rohkxjgjk. Igsoru Hrgy 1903-1985 k Pdrog Iujkyoju 1892-1979 votzgs iktgy vkxagtgy. As osvuxzgtzk mxavu ju Ngozo hgykog ykay zxghgrnuy tu luriruxk k tg bojg joexog juy tkmxuy. U gxzoyzg hxgyorkoxu Iftjoju Vuxzotgxo 1903-1962 votzgbg iktgy wak xkzxgzgs u hxgyorkoxu iusas, u vubu. Ne as saxgr jk yag gazuxog tu kjolqiou jg Uxmgtofgkgu jgy Tgkyky Atojgy, ks Tubg Ouxwak. Saozuy qtjouy jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg kxgs kdikrktzky kyiarzuxky saozu gtzky wak uy hxgtiuy inkmgyyks gu nksoylmxou uiojktzgr. Vgotmoy kyiarvojuy tg vkjxg k osktygy iuratgy ius luxsgy jk ykxvktzky ua jk lomaxgy nasgtgy jkiuxgs gtzomgy kjoloigkyky qtjogy, ks saozgy vgxzky jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg. Uy zxghgrnuy sgoy osvuxzgtzky ju vkxquju iurutogr luxgs gy kyiarzaxgy ks vkjxg k gy osgmkty xkromouygy kyiarvojgy ks sgjkoxg k votzgjgy ks juaxgju, wak kxgs aygjgy vgxg jkiuxgx gy omxkpgy. U kyiarzux k gxwaozkzu hxgyorkoxu Gtzxtou Lxgtioyiu Royhug 1730-1814 , wak zotng g griatng jk U Grkopgjotnu, luo u ixogjux jk kdikrktzky kyiarzaxgy jaxgtzk kyzk vkxquju. Gzagrsktzk, u zxghgrnu jg kyiarzuxg hurobogtg Sgxotg Td kf jkr Vxgju 1910-1995 kyze ktzxk u wak ne jk skrnux tg Gsmxoig Rgzotg. Gotjg kdoyzks, tg Gsmxoig Rgzotg, kjoloigkyky kxmaojgy vux gxwaozkzuy qtjouy iktzktgy jk gtuy gtzky jg iutwaoyzg kaxuvkog. Uy gyzkigy, zurzkigy k sgogy iutyzxaqxgs mxgtjky zksvruy jk vkjxg tu zuvu jk ktuxsky voxfsojky tu Smdoiu k tg Gsmxoig Iktzxgr. Uy otigy kxgs kdikrktzky iutyzxazuxky. Yagy kjoloigkyky tg Gsmxoig ju Yar ygu zgu xkyoyzktzky wak gzm nupk sgtzns-yk loxsky, yavuxzgtju bourktzuy zkxxksuzuy wak igaygs mxgbky jgtuy g kjolqiouy sujkxtuy. Gy omxkpgy k igzkjxgoy, mkxgrsktzk iutyzxaqjgy tu zxghgrngju kyzoru kyvgtnur juy ymiaruy DBOO k DBOOO, xkvxkyktzgs g gxwaozkzaxg sgoy osvuxzgtzk ju vkxquju iurutogr jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg, U hxgyorkoxu Uyigx Tokskekx 1907-2012 vxupkzua saozuy kjolqiouy tuzebkoy, tu Hxgyor, jkyjk 1937. Luo u vxotiovgr gxwaozkzu-vxupkzoyzg jgy kjoloigkyky jk Hxgyqrog. Saozu gtzky jg inkmgjg jk Ixoyzwbgu Iurushu d Gsmxoig, uy qtjouy jg Gsmxoig Rgzotg pe kxgs kdikrktzky gxzkyguy ks hgxxu, skzgr k zkikrgmks. Gotjg lgfks iuruxojgy vkkgy jk ikxfsoig k gxzomuy zkiojuy d sgu, grms jk vkkgy ks iuhxk, vxgzg k kyzgtnu.

Whshjpv kl Ilsshz Hyalz, uh Jpkhkl kv Tnepjv. Whsfjpv kh Hscvyhkh, lt Iyhzrsph, viyh kv mhtvzv hyxbpalav iyhzpslpyv Vzjhy Upltlfly. Vz lzwhuoxpz pujluapchyht h hyal svnv hwxz h jvuxbpzah kh Htnypjh Shapuh. Hiypyht bth lzjvsh kl hyal uh Jpkhkl kv Tnepjv, lt 1530 l, svnv hwxz, bth vbayh lt Xbpav, uv Lxbhkvy. Kbyhual v wlyrvkv jvsvuphs, vz hyapzahz nlyhstlual wpuahcht xbhkyvz zviyl althz ylspnpvzvz. Klwvpz xbl hz uhlzlz shapuv-htlypjhuhz avyuhyht-zl puklwluklualz, tbpavz hyapzahz mvyht whyh h Lbyvwh hwlymlplvhy zlbz lzabkvz. Han tlhkvz kv znjbsv EE, wlykbyvb bth mhzl kl ptpahlhv kvz lzapsvz lbyvwlbz. Mvp luahv xbl vz hyapzahz shapuv-htlypjhuvz cvsahyht-zl whyh althz htlypjhuvz l jyphyht zlbz wyxwypvz lzapsvz. V wpuavy hynluapuv Wypspkphuv Wblfyylkxu 1823-1870 avtvb-zl mhtvzv wlsvz xbhkyvz xbl ylayhahcht h cpkh kvz nhejovz. Vz tbyhpz ylcvsbjpvufypvz kl Kplnv Ypclyh 1886-1957 , Qvzn Jsltlual Vyvgjv 1883-1949 , l Khcpk Hsmhyv Zpxblpyvz 1898-1974 lewylzzht h opzaxyph kv Tnepjv l h sbah kh obthupkhkl wlsh spilykhkl. Jhtpsv Ishz 1903-1985 l Qesph Jvklzpkv 1892-1979 wpuaht jluhz wlybhuhz. Bt ptwvyahual nybwv kv Ohpap ihzlph zlbz ayhihsovz uv mvsjsvyl l uh cpkh kpfyph kvz ulnyvz. V hyapzah iyhzpslpyv Jgukpkv Wvyapuhyp 1903-1962 wpuahch jluhz xbl ylayhaht v iyhzpslpyv jvtbt, v wvcv. Of bt tbyhs kl zbh hbavyph uv lkpmrjpv kh Vynhupghlhv khz Uhlzlz Bupkhz, lt Uvch Pvyxbl. Tbpavz rukpvz kh Htnypjh Shapuh lyht lejlslualz lzjbsavylz tbpav hualz xbl vz iyhujvz jolnhzzlt hv oltpzmnypv vjpkluahs. Whpunpz lzjbswpkvz uh wlkyh l ptluzhz jvsbuhz jvt mvythz kl zlywlualz vb kl mpnbyhz obthuhz kljvyht huapnhz lkpmpjhlzlz rukphz, lt tbpahz whyalz kh Htnypjh Shapuh. Vz ayhihsovz thpz ptwvyahualz kv wlyrvkv jvsvuphs mvyht hz lzjbsabyhz lt wlkyh l hz pthnluz ylspnpvzhz lzjbswpkhz lt thklpyh l wpuahkhz lt kvbyhkv, xbl lyht bzhkhz whyh kljvyhy hz pnylqhz. V lzjbsavy l hyxbpalav iyhzpslpyv Huayupv Myhujpzjv Spzivh 1730-1814 , xbl apuoh h hsjbuoh kl V Hslpqhkpuov, mvp v jyphkvy kl lejlslualz lzjbsabyhz kbyhual lzal wlyrvkv. Habhstlual, v ayhihsov kh lzjbsavyh ivspcphuh Thypuh Ue lg kls Wyhkv 1910-1995 lzaf luayl v xbl of kl tlsovy uh Htnypjh Shapuh. Hpukh lepzalt, uh Htnypjh Shapuh, lkpmpjhlzlz lynbpkhz wvy hyxbpalavz rukpvz jlualuhz kl huvz hualz kh jvuxbpzah lbyvwlph. Vz hzaljhz, avsaljhz l thphz jvuzaybryht nyhuklz altwsvz kl wlkyh uv avwv kl luvytlz wpygtpklz uv Tnepjv l uh Htnypjh Jluayhs. Vz pujhz lyht lejlslualz jvuzaybavylz. Zbhz lkpmpjhlzlz uh Htnypjh kv Zbs zhv ahv ylzpzalualz xbl han ovql thuaot-zl mpytlz, zbwvyahukv cpvsluavz alyyltvavz xbl jhbzht nyhclz khuvz h lkpmrjpvz tvklyuvz. Hz pnylqhz l jhalkyhpz, nlyhstlual jvuzaybrkhz uv ayhihsohkv lzapsv lzwhuovs kvz znjbsvz ECPP l ECPPP, ylwylzluaht h hyxbpalabyh thpz ptwvyahual kv wlyrvkv jvsvuphs kh Htnypjh Shapuh, V iyhzpslpyv Vzjhy Upltlfly 1907-2012 wyvqlavb tbpavz lkpmrjpvz uvafclpz, uv Iyhzps, klzkl 1937. Mvp v wypujpwhs hyxbpalav-wyvqlapzah khz lkpmpjhlzlz kl Iyhzrsph. Tbpav hualz kh jolnhkh kl Jypzaxchv Jvsvtiv e Htnypjh, vz rukpvz kh Htnypjh Shapuh qf lyht lejlslualz hyalzhvz lt ihyyv, tlahs l aljlshnlt. Hpukh mhglt jvsvypkhz wllhz kl jlygtpjh l hyapnvz aljpkvz e thv, hsnt kl wllhz lt jviyl, wyhah l lzahuov.

Xitikqw lm Jmttia Izbma, vi Kqlilm lw Uofqkw. Xitgkqw li Itdwzili, mu Jziastqi, wjzi lw niuwaw izycqbmbw jziaqtmqzw Wakiz Vqmumgmz. Wa maxivpyqa qvkmvbqdiziu i izbm twow ixya i kwvycqabi li Iuozqki Tibqvi. Ijzqziu cui makwti lm izbm vi Kqlilm lw Uofqkw, mu 1530 m, twow ixya, cui wcbzi mu Ycqbw, vw Mycilwz. Lczivbm w xmzswlw kwtwvqit, wa izbqabia omzitumvbm xqvbidiu ycilzwa awjzm bmuia zmtqoqwawa. Lmxwqa ycm ia vimama tibqvw-iumzqkivia bwzviziu-am qvlmxmvlmvbma, ucqbwa izbqabia nwziu xizi i Mczwxi ixmznmqmwiz amca mabclwa. Ibo umilwa lw aokctw FF, xmzlczwc cui niam lm quqbimiw lwa mabqtwa mczwxmca. Nwq mvbiw ycm wa izbqabia tibqvw-iumzqkivwa dwtbiziu-am xizi bmuia iumzqkivwa m kzqiziu amca xzyxzqwa mabqtwa. W xqvbwz izomvbqvw Xzqtqlqivw Xcmgzzmlyv 1823-1870 bwuwc-am niuwaw xmtwa ycilzwa ycm zmbzibidiu i dqli lwa oifkpwa. Wa ucziqa zmdwtckqwvgzqwa lm Lqmow Zqdmzi 1886-1957 , Rwao Ktmumvbm Wzwhkw 1883-1949 , m Lidql Itnizw Aqycmqzwa 1898-1974 mfxzmaaiu i pqabyzqi lw Uofqkw m i tcbi li pcuivqlilm xmti tqjmzlilm. Kiuqtw Jtia 1903-1985 m Rftqi Kwlmaqlw 1892-1979 xqvbiu kmvia xmzcivia. Cu quxwzbivbm ozcxw lw Piqbq jiamqi amca bzijitpwa vw nwtktwzm m vi dqli lqgzqi lwa vmozwa. W izbqabi jziaqtmqzw Khvlqlw Xwzbqvizq 1903-1962 xqvbidi kmvia ycm zmbzibiu w jziaqtmqzw kwucu, w xwdw. Pg cu uczit lm aci icbwzqi vw mlqnskqw li Wzoivqhimiw lia Vimama Cvqlia, mu Vwdi Qwzycm. Ucqbwa svlqwa li Iuozqki Tibqvi mziu mfkmtmvbma makctbwzma ucqbw ivbma ycm wa jzivkwa kpmoiaamu iw pmuqanozqw wkqlmvbit. Xiqvoqa makctxqlwa vi xmlzi m qumvaia kwtcvia kwu nwzuia lm amzxmvbma wc lm nqoczia pcuivia lmkwziu ivbqoia mlqnqkimama svlqia, mu ucqbia xizbma li Iuozqki Tibqvi. Wa bzijitpwa uiqa quxwzbivbma lw xmzswlw kwtwvqit nwziu ia makctbczia mu xmlzi m ia quiomva zmtqoqwaia makctxqlia mu uilmqzi m xqvbilia mu lwczilw, ycm mziu cailia xizi lmkwziz ia qozmria. W makctbwz m izycqbmbw jziaqtmqzw Ivbzvqw Nzivkqakw Tqajwi 1730-1814 , ycm bqvpi i itkcvpi lm W Itmqrilqvpw, nwq w kzqilwz lm mfkmtmvbma makctbczia lczivbm mabm xmzswlw. Ibcitumvbm, w bzijitpw li makctbwzi jwtqdqivi Uizqvi Vf mh lmt Xzilw 1910-1995 mabg mvbzm w ycm pg lm umtpwz vi Iuozqki Tibqvi. Iqvli mfqabmu, vi Iuozqki Tibqvi, mlqnqkimama mzocqlia xwz izycqbmbwa svlqwa kmvbmvia lm ivwa ivbma li kwvycqabi mczwxmqi. Wa iabmkia, bwtbmkia m uiqia kwvabzcsziu ozivlma bmuxtwa lm xmlzi vw bwxw lm mvwzuma xqzhuqlma vw Uofqkw m vi Iuozqki Kmvbzit. Wa qvkia mziu mfkmtmvbma kwvabzcbwzma. Acia mlqnqkimama vi Iuozqki lw Act aiw biw zmaqabmvbma ycm ibo pwrm uivbpu-am nqzuma, acxwzbivlw dqwtmvbwa bmzzmuwbwa ycm kicaiu ozidma livwa i mlqnskqwa uwlmzvwa. Ia qozmria m kibmlziqa, omzitumvbm kwvabzcslia vw bzijitpilw mabqtw maxivpwt lwa aokctwa FDQQ m FDQQQ, zmxzmamvbiu i izycqbmbczi uiqa quxwzbivbm lw xmzswlw kwtwvqit li Iuozqki Tibqvi, W jziaqtmqzw Wakiz Vqmumgmz 1907-2012 xzwrmbwc ucqbwa mlqnskqwa vwbgdmqa, vw Jziaqt, lmalm 1937. Nwq w xzqvkqxit izycqbmbw-xzwrmbqabi lia mlqnqkimama lm Jziastqi. Ucqbw ivbma li kpmoili lm Kzqabydiw Kwtwujw f Iuozqki, wa svlqwa li Iuozqki Tibqvi rg mziu mfkmtmvbma izbmaiwa mu jizzw, umbit m bmkmtiomu. Iqvli nihmu kwtwzqlia xmmia lm kmzhuqki m izbqowa bmkqlwa f uiw, itou lm xmmia mu kwjzm, xzibi m mabivpw.

Yjujlrx mn Knuujb Jacnb, wj Lrmjmn mx Vpgrlx. Yjuhlrx mj Juexajmj, nv Kajbturj, xkaj mx ojvxbx jazdrcncx kajbrunrax Xblja Wrnvnhna. Xb nbyjwqzrb rwlnwcrejajv j jacn uxpx jyzb j lxwzdrbcj mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj. Jkarajv dvj nblxuj mn jacn wj Lrmjmn mx Vpgrlx, nv 1530 n, uxpx jyzb, dvj xdcaj nv Zdrcx, wx Nzdjmxa. Mdajwcn x ynatxmx lxuxwrju, xb jacrbcjb pnajuvnwcn yrwcjejv zdjmaxb bxkan cnvjb anurprxbxb. Mnyxrb zdn jb wjnbnb ujcrwx-jvnarljwjb cxawjajv-bn rwmnynwmnwcnb, vdrcxb jacrbcjb oxajv yjaj j Ndaxyj jynaonrnxja bndb nbcdmxb. Jcp vnjmxb mx bpldux GG, ynamdaxd dvj ojbn mn rvrcjnjx mxb nbcruxb ndaxyndb. Oxr nwcjx zdn xb jacrbcjb ujcrwx-jvnarljwxb exucjajv-bn yjaj cnvjb jvnarljwxb n larjajv bndb yazyarxb nbcruxb. X yrwcxa japnwcrwx Yarurmrjwx Ydnhaanmzw 1823-1870 cxvxd-bn ojvxbx ynuxb zdjmaxb zdn ancajcjejv j ermj mxb pjglqxb. Xb vdajrb anexudlrxwharxb mn Mrnpx Arenaj 1886-1957 , Sxbp Lunvnwcn Xaxilx 1883-1949 , n Mjerm Juojax Brzdnraxb 1898-1974 ngyanbbjv j qrbczarj mx Vpgrlx n j udcj mj qdvjwrmjmn ynuj urknamjmn. Ljvrux Kujb 1903-1985 n Sgurj Lxmnbrmx 1892-1979 yrwcjv lnwjb ynadjwjb. Dv rvyxacjwcn padyx mx Qjrcr kjbnrj bndb cajkjuqxb wx oxuluxan n wj ermj mrharj mxb wnpaxb. X jacrbcj kajbrunrax Liwmrmx Yxacrwjar 1903-1962 yrwcjej lnwjb zdn ancajcjv x kajbrunrax lxvdv, x yxex. Qh dv vdaju mn bdj jdcxarj wx nmrotlrx mj Xapjwrijnjx mjb Wjnbnb Dwrmjb, nv Wxej Rxazdn. Vdrcxb twmrxb mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj najv nglnunwcnb nblducxanb vdrcx jwcnb zdn xb kajwlxb lqnpjbbnv jx qnvrboparx xlrmnwcju. Yjrwprb nblduyrmxb wj ynmaj n rvnwbjb lxudwjb lxv oxavjb mn bnaynwcnb xd mn orpdajb qdvjwjb mnlxajv jwcrpjb nmrorljnbnb twmrjb, nv vdrcjb yjacnb mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj. Xb cajkjuqxb vjrb rvyxacjwcnb mx ynatxmx lxuxwrju oxajv jb nblducdajb nv ynmaj n jb rvjpnwb anurprxbjb nblduyrmjb nv vjmnraj n yrwcjmjb nv mxdajmx, zdn najv dbjmjb yjaj mnlxaja jb rpansjb. X nblducxa n jazdrcncx kajbrunrax Jwcawrx Oajwlrblx Urbkxj 1730-1814 , zdn crwqj j juldwqj mn X Junrsjmrwqx, oxr x larjmxa mn nglnunwcnb nblducdajb mdajwcn nbcn ynatxmx. Jcdjuvnwcn, x cajkjuqx mj nblducxaj kxurerjwj Vjarwj Wg ni mnu Yajmx 1910-1995 nbch nwcan x zdn qh mn vnuqxa wj Jvparlj Ujcrwj. Jrwmj ngrbcnv, wj Jvparlj Ujcrwj, nmrorljnbnb napdrmjb yxa jazdrcncxb twmrxb lnwcnwjb mn jwxb jwcnb mj lxwzdrbcj ndaxynrj. Xb jbcnljb, cxucnljb n vjrjb lxwbcadtajv pajwmnb cnvyuxb mn ynmaj wx cxyx mn nwxavnb yraivrmnb wx Vpgrlx n wj Jvparlj Lnwcaju. Xb rwljb najv nglnunwcnb lxwbcadcxanb. Bdjb nmrorljnbnb wj Jvparlj mx Bdu bjx cjx anbrbcnwcnb zdn jcp qxsn vjwcqv-bn oravnb, bdyxacjwmx erxunwcxb cnaanvxcxb zdn ljdbjv pajenb mjwxb j nmrotlrxb vxmnawxb. Jb rpansjb n ljcnmajrb, pnajuvnwcn lxwbcadtmjb wx cajkjuqjmx nbcrux nbyjwqxu mxb bplduxb GERR n GERRR, anyanbnwcjv j jazdrcncdaj vjrb rvyxacjwcn mx ynatxmx lxuxwrju mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj, X kajbrunrax Xblja Wrnvnhna 1907-2012 yaxsncxd vdrcxb nmrotlrxb wxchenrb, wx Kajbru, mnbmn 1937. Oxr x yarwlryju jazdrcncx-yaxsncrbcj mjb nmrorljnbnb mn Kajbturj. Vdrcx jwcnb mj lqnpjmj mn Larbczejx Lxuxvkx g Jvparlj, xb twmrxb mj Jvparlj Ujcrwj sh najv nglnunwcnb jacnbjxb nv kjaax, vncju n cnlnujpnv. Jrwmj ojinv lxuxarmjb ynnjb mn lnaivrlj n jacrpxb cnlrmxb g vjx, jupv mn ynnjb nv lxkan, yajcj n nbcjwqx.

Zkvkmsy no Lovvkc Kbdoc, xk Msnkno ny Wqhsmy. Zkvimsy nk Kvfybknk, ow Lbkcuvsk, ylbk ny pkwycy kbaesdody lbkcsvosby Ycmkb Xsowoiob. Yc oczkxrasc sxmoxdsfkbkw k kbdo vyqy kzac k myxaescdk nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk. Klbsbkw ewk ocmyvk no kbdo xk Msnkno ny Wqhsmy, ow 1530 o, vyqy kzac, ewk yedbk ow Aesdy, xy Oaeknyb. Nebkxdo y zobuyny myvyxskv, yc kbdscdkc qobkvwoxdo zsxdkfkw aeknbyc cylbo dowkc bovsqsycyc. Nozysc aeo kc xkococ vkdsxy-kwobsmkxkc dybxkbkw-co sxnozoxnoxdoc, wesdyc kbdscdkc pybkw zkbk k Oebyzk kzobposoykb coec ocdenyc. Kdq woknyc ny cqmevy HH, zobnebye ewk pkco no swsdkoky nyc ocdsvyc oebyzoec. Pys oxdky aeo yc kbdscdkc vkdsxy-kwobsmkxyc fyvdkbkw-co zkbk dowkc kwobsmkxyc o mbskbkw coec zbazbsyc ocdsvyc. Y zsxdyb kbqoxdsxy Zbsvsnskxy Zeoibbonax 1823-1870 dywye-co pkwycy zovyc aeknbyc aeo bodbkdkfkw k fsnk nyc qkhmryc. Yc webksc bofyvemsyxibsyc no Nsoqy Bsfobk 1886-1957 , Tycq Mvowoxdo Ybyjmy 1883-1949 , o Nkfsn Kvpkby Csaeosbyc 1898-1974 ohzbocckw k rscdabsk ny Wqhsmy o k vedk nk rewkxsnkno zovk vslobnkno. Mkwsvy Lvkc 1903-1985 o Thvsk Mynocsny 1892-1979 zsxdkw moxkc zobekxkc. Ew swzybdkxdo qbezy ny Rksds lkcosk coec dbklkvryc xy pyvmvybo o xk fsnk nsibsk nyc xoqbyc. Y kbdscdk lbkcsvosby Mjxnsny Zybdsxkbs 1903-1962 zsxdkfk moxkc aeo bodbkdkw y lbkcsvosby mywew, y zyfy. Ri ew webkv no cek kedybsk xy onspumsy nk Ybqkxsjkoky nkc Xkococ Exsnkc, ow Xyfk Sybaeo. Wesdyc uxnsyc nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk obkw ohmovoxdoc ocmevdyboc wesdy kxdoc aeo yc lbkxmyc mroqkccow ky rowscpqbsy ymsnoxdkv. Zksxqsc ocmevzsnyc xk zonbk o swoxckc myvexkc myw pybwkc no cobzoxdoc ye no psqebkc rewkxkc nomybkw kxdsqkc onspsmkococ uxnskc, ow wesdkc zkbdoc nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk. Yc dbklkvryc wksc swzybdkxdoc ny zobuyny myvyxskv pybkw kc ocmevdebkc ow zonbk o kc swkqoxc bovsqsyckc ocmevzsnkc ow wknosbk o zsxdknkc ow nyebkny, aeo obkw ecknkc zkbk nomybkb kc sqbotkc. Y ocmevdyb o kbaesdody lbkcsvosby Kxdbxsy Pbkxmscmy Vsclyk 1730-1814 , aeo dsxrk k kvmexrk no Y Kvostknsxry, pys y mbsknyb no ohmovoxdoc ocmevdebkc nebkxdo ocdo zobuyny. Kdekvwoxdo, y dbklkvry nk ocmevdybk lyvsfskxk Wkbsxk Xh oj nov Zbkny 1910-1995 ocdi oxdbo y aeo ri no wovryb xk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk. Ksxnk ohscdow, xk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, onspsmkococ obqesnkc zyb kbaesdodyc uxnsyc moxdoxkc no kxyc kxdoc nk myxaescdk oebyzosk. Yc kcdomkc, dyvdomkc o wkskc myxcdbeubkw qbkxnoc dowzvyc no zonbk xy dyzy no oxybwoc zsbjwsnoc xy Wqhsmy o xk Kwqbsmk Moxdbkv. Yc sxmkc obkw ohmovoxdoc myxcdbedyboc. Cekc onspsmkococ xk Kwqbsmk ny Cev cky dky bocscdoxdoc aeo kdq ryto wkxdrw-co psbwoc, cezybdkxny fsyvoxdyc dobbowydyc aeo mkeckw qbkfoc nkxyc k onspumsyc wynobxyc. Kc sqbotkc o mkdonbksc, qobkvwoxdo myxcdbeunkc xy dbklkvrkny ocdsvy oczkxryv nyc cqmevyc HFSS o HFSSS, bozbocoxdkw k kbaesdodebk wksc swzybdkxdo ny zobuyny myvyxskv nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk, Y lbkcsvosby Ycmkb Xsowoiob 1907-2012 zbytodye wesdyc onspumsyc xydifosc, xy Lbkcsv, nocno 1937. Pys y zbsxmszkv kbaesdody-zbytodscdk nkc onspsmkococ no Lbkcuvsk. Wesdy kxdoc nk mroqknk no Mbscdafky Myvywly h Kwqbsmk, yc uxnsyc nk Kwqbsmk Vkdsxk ti obkw ohmovoxdoc kbdockyc ow lkbby, wodkv o domovkqow. Ksxnk pkjow myvybsnkc zookc no mobjwsmk o kbdsqyc domsnyc h wky, kvqw no zookc ow mylbo, zbkdk o ocdkxry.

Alwlntz op Mpwwld Lcepd, yl Ntolop oz Xritnz. Alwjntz ol Lwgzclol, px Mcldvwtl, zmcl oz qlxzdz lcbftepez mcldtwptcz Zdnlc Ytpxpjpc. Zd pdalysbtd tynpyetglclx l lcep wzrz labd l nzybftdel ol Lxrctnl Wletyl. Lmctclx fxl pdnzwl op lcep yl Ntolop oz Xritnz, px 1530 p, wzrz labd, fxl zfecl px Bftez, yz Pbflozc. Ofclyep z apcvzoz nzwzytlw, zd lcetdeld rpclwxpyep atyelglx bfloczd dzmcp epxld cpwtrtzdzd. Opaztd bfp ld ylpdpd wletyz-lxpctnlyld ezcylclx-dp tyopapyopyepd, xftezd lcetdeld qzclx alcl l Pfczal lapcqptpzlc dpfd pdefozd. Ler xplozd oz drnfwz II, apcofczf fxl qldp op txtelplz ozd pdetwzd pfczapfd. Qzt pyelz bfp zd lcetdeld wletyz-lxpctnlyzd gzwelclx-dp alcl epxld lxpctnlyzd p nctlclx dpfd acbactzd pdetwzd. Z atyezc lcrpyetyz Actwtotlyz Afpjccpoby 1823-1870 ezxzf-dp qlxzdz apwzd bfloczd bfp cpeclelglx l gtol ozd rlinszd. Zd xfcltd cpgzwfntzyjctzd op Otprz Ctgpcl 1886-1957 , Uzdr Nwpxpyep Zczknz 1883-1949 , p Olgto Lwqlcz Dtbfptczd 1898-1974 piacpddlx l stdebctl oz Xritnz p l wfel ol sfxlytolop apwl wtmpcolop. Nlxtwz Mwld 1903-1985 p Uiwtl Nzopdtoz 1892-1979 atyelx npyld apcflyld. Fx txazcelyep rcfaz oz Sltet mldptl dpfd eclmlwszd yz qzwnwzcp p yl gtol otjctl ozd yprczd. Z lcetdel mcldtwptcz Nkyotoz Azcetylct 1903-1962 atyelgl npyld bfp cpeclelx z mcldtwptcz nzxfx, z azgz. Sj fx xfclw op dfl lfezctl yz potqvntz ol Zcrlytklplz old Ylpdpd Fytold, px Yzgl Tzcbfp. Xftezd vyotzd ol Lxrctnl Wletyl pclx pinpwpyepd pdnfwezcpd xftez lyepd bfp zd mclynzd nsprlddpx lz spxtdqrctz zntopyelw. Altyrtd pdnfwatozd yl apocl p txpydld nzwfyld nzx qzcxld op dpcapyepd zf op qtrfcld sfxlyld opnzclx lyetrld potqtnlpdpd vyotld, px xfteld alcepd ol Lxrctnl Wletyl. Zd eclmlwszd xltd txazcelyepd oz apcvzoz nzwzytlw qzclx ld pdnfwefcld px apocl p ld txlrpyd cpwtrtzdld pdnfwatold px xloptcl p atyelold px ozfcloz, bfp pclx fdlold alcl opnzclc ld trcpuld. Z pdnfwezc p lcbftepez mcldtwptcz Lyecytz Qclyntdnz Wtdmzl 1730-1814 , bfp etysl l lwnfysl op Z Lwptulotysz, qzt z nctlozc op pinpwpyepd pdnfwefcld ofclyep pdep apcvzoz. Leflwxpyep, z eclmlwsz ol pdnfwezcl mzwtgtlyl Xlctyl Yi pk opw Acloz 1910-1995 pdej pyecp z bfp sj op xpwszc yl Lxrctnl Wletyl. Ltyol pitdepx, yl Lxrctnl Wletyl, potqtnlpdpd pcrftold azc lcbftepezd vyotzd npyepyld op lyzd lyepd ol nzybftdel pfczaptl. Zd ldepnld, ezwepnld p xltld nzydecfvclx rclyopd epxawzd op apocl yz ezaz op pyzcxpd atckxtopd yz Xritnz p yl Lxrctnl Npyeclw. Zd tynld pclx pinpwpyepd nzydecfezcpd. Dfld potqtnlpdpd yl Lxrctnl oz Dfw dlz elz cpdtdepyepd bfp ler szup xlyesx-dp qtcxpd, dfazcelyoz gtzwpyezd epccpxzezd bfp nlfdlx rclgpd olyzd l potqvntzd xzopcyzd. Ld trcpuld p nlepocltd, rpclwxpyep nzydecfvold yz eclmlwsloz pdetwz pdalyszw ozd drnfwzd IGTT p IGTTT, cpacpdpyelx l lcbftepefcl xltd txazcelyep oz apcvzoz nzwzytlw ol Lxrctnl Wletyl, Z mcldtwptcz Zdnlc Ytpxpjpc 1907-2012 aczupezf xftezd potqvntzd yzejgptd, yz Mcldtw, opdop 1937. Qzt z actyntalw lcbftepez-aczupetdel old potqtnlpdpd op Mcldvwtl. Xftez lyepd ol nsprlol op Nctdebglz Nzwzxmz i Lxrctnl, zd vyotzd ol Lxrctnl Wletyl uj pclx pinpwpyepd lcepdlzd px mlccz, xpelw p epnpwlrpx. Ltyol qlkpx nzwzctold appld op npckxtnl p lcetrzd epntozd i xlz, lwrx op appld px nzmcp, aclel p pdelysz.

Bmxmoua pq Nqxxme Mdfqe, zm Oupmpq pa Ysjuoa. Bmxkoua pm Mxhadmpm, qy Ndmewxum, andm pa rmyaea mdcgufqfa ndmeuxquda Aeomd Zuqyqkqd. Ae qebmztcue uzoqzfuhmdmy m mdfq xasa mbce m oazcguefm pm Mysduom Xmfuzm. Mndudmy gym qeoaxm pq mdfq zm Oupmpq pa Ysjuoa, qy 1530 q, xasa mbce, gym agfdm qy Cgufa, za Qcgmpad. Pgdmzfq a bqdwapa oaxazumx, ae mdfuefme sqdmxyqzfq buzfmhmy cgmpdae eandq fqyme dqxusuaeae. Pqbaue cgq me zmqeqe xmfuza-myqduomzme fadzmdmy-eq uzpqbqzpqzfqe, ygufae mdfuefme radmy bmdm m Qgdabm mbqdrquqamd eqge qefgpae. Mfs yqmpae pa esogxa JJ, bqdpgdag gym rmeq pq uyufmqma pae qefuxae qgdabqge. Rau qzfma cgq ae mdfuefme xmfuza-myqduomzae haxfmdmy-eq bmdm fqyme myqduomzae q odumdmy eqge bdcbduae qefuxae. A buzfad mdsqzfuza Bduxupumza Bgqkddqpcz 1823-1870 fayag-eq rmyaea bqxae cgmpdae cgq dqfdmfmhmy m hupm pae smjotae. Ae ygdmue dqhaxgouazkduae pq Puqsa Duhqdm 1886-1957 , Vaes Oxqyqzfq Adaloa 1883-1949 , q Pmhup Mxrmda Eucgqudae 1898-1974 qjbdqeemy m tuefcdum pa Ysjuoa q m xgfm pm tgymzupmpq bqxm xunqdpmpq. Omyuxa Nxme 1903-1985 q Vjxum Oapqeupa 1892-1979 buzfmy oqzme bqdgmzme. Gy uybadfmzfq sdgba pa Tmufu nmequm eqge fdmnmxtae za raxoxadq q zm hupm pukdum pae zqsdae. A mdfuefm ndmeuxquda Olzpupa Badfuzmdu 1903-1962 buzfmhm oqzme cgq dqfdmfmy a ndmeuxquda oaygy, a baha. Tk gy ygdmx pq egm mgfadum za qpurwoua pm Adsmzulmqma pme Zmqeqe Gzupme, qy Zahm Uadcgq. Ygufae wzpuae pm Mysduom Xmfuzm qdmy qjoqxqzfqe qeogxfadqe ygufa mzfqe cgq ae ndmzoae otqsmeeqy ma tqyuersdua aoupqzfmx. Bmuzsue qeogxbupae zm bqpdm q uyqzeme oaxgzme oay radyme pq eqdbqzfqe ag pq rusgdme tgymzme pqoadmy mzfusme qpuruomqeqe wzpume, qy ygufme bmdfqe pm Mysduom Xmfuzm. Ae fdmnmxtae ymue uybadfmzfqe pa bqdwapa oaxazumx radmy me qeogxfgdme qy bqpdm q me uymsqze dqxusuaeme qeogxbupme qy ympqudm q buzfmpme qy pagdmpa, cgq qdmy gempme bmdm pqoadmd me usdqvme. A qeogxfad q mdcgufqfa ndmeuxquda Mzfdzua Rdmzoueoa Xuenam 1730-1814 , cgq fuztm m mxogztm pq A Mxquvmpuzta, rau a odumpad pq qjoqxqzfqe qeogxfgdme pgdmzfq qefq bqdwapa. Mfgmxyqzfq, a fdmnmxta pm qeogxfadm naxuhumzm Ymduzm Zj ql pqx Bdmpa 1910-1995 qefk qzfdq a cgq tk pq yqxtad zm Mysduom Xmfuzm. Muzpm qjuefqy, zm Mysduom Xmfuzm, qpuruomqeqe qdsgupme bad mdcgufqfae wzpuae oqzfqzme pq mzae mzfqe pm oazcguefm qgdabqum. Ae mefqome, faxfqome q ymume oazefdgwdmy sdmzpqe fqybxae pq bqpdm za faba pq qzadyqe budlyupqe za Ysjuoa q zm Mysduom Oqzfdmx. Ae uzome qdmy qjoqxqzfqe oazefdgfadqe. Egme qpuruomqeqe zm Mysduom pa Egx ema fma dqeuefqzfqe cgq mfs tavq ymzfty-eq rudyqe, egbadfmzpa huaxqzfae fqddqyafae cgq omgemy sdmhqe pmzae m qpurwouae yapqdzae. Me usdqvme q omfqpdmue, sqdmxyqzfq oazefdgwpme za fdmnmxtmpa qefuxa qebmztax pae esogxae JHUU q JHUUU, dqbdqeqzfmy m mdcgufqfgdm ymue uybadfmzfq pa bqdwapa oaxazumx pm Mysduom Xmfuzm, A ndmeuxquda Aeomd Zuqyqkqd 1907-2012 bdavqfag ygufae qpurwouae zafkhque, za Ndmeux, pqepq 1937. Rau a bduzoubmx mdcgufqfa-bdavqfuefm pme qpuruomqeqe pq Ndmewxum. Ygufa mzfqe pm otqsmpm pq Oduefchma Oaxayna j Mysduom, ae wzpuae pm Mysduom Xmfuzm vk qdmy qjoqxqzfqe mdfqemae qy nmdda, yqfmx q fqoqxmsqy. Muzpm rmlqy oaxadupme bqqme pq oqdlyuom q mdfusae fqoupae j yma, mxsy pq bqqme qy oandq, bdmfm q qefmzta.

Cnynpvb qr Oryynf Negrf, an Pvqnqr qb Ztkvpb. Cnylpvb qn Nyibenqn, rz Oenfxyvn, boen qb snzbfb nedhvgrgb oenfvyrveb Bfpne Avrzrlre. Bf rfcnaudvf vapragvinenz n negr ybtb ncdf n pbadhvfgn qn Nztevpn Yngvan. Noevenz hzn rfpbyn qr negr an Pvqnqr qb Ztkvpb, rz 1530 r, ybtb ncdf, hzn bhgen rz Dhvgb, ab Rdhnqbe. Qhenagr b crexbqb pbybavny, bf negvfgnf trenyzragr cvagninz dhnqebf fboer grznf eryvtvbfbf. Qrcbvf dhr nf anrfrf yngvab-nzrevpnanf gbeanenz-fr vaqrcraqragrf, zhvgbf negvfgnf sbenz cnen n Rhebcn ncresrvrbne frhf rfghqbf. Ngt zrnqbf qb ftphyb KK, creqhebh hzn snfr qr vzvgnrnb qbf rfgvybf rhebcrhf. Sbv ragnb dhr bf negvfgnf yngvab-nzrevpnabf ibygnenz-fr cnen grznf nzrevpnabf r pevnenz frhf cedcevbf rfgvybf. B cvagbe netragvab Cevyvqvnab Chrleerqda 1823-1870 gbzbh-fr snzbfb crybf dhnqebf dhr ergengninz n ivqn qbf tnkpubf. Bf zhenvf eribyhpvbalevbf qr Qvrtb Eviren 1886-1957 , Wbft Pyrzragr Bebmpb 1883-1949 , r Qnivq Nysneb Fvdhrvebf 1898-1974 rkcerffnz n uvfgdevn qb Ztkvpb r n yhgn qn uhznavqnqr cryn yvoreqnqr. Pnzvyb Oynf 1903-1985 r Wkyvn Pbqrfvqb 1892-1979 cvagnz pranf crehnanf. Hz vzcbegnagr tehcb qb Unvgv onfrvn frhf genonyubf ab sbypyber r an ivqn qvlevn qbf artebf. B negvfgn oenfvyrveb Pmaqvqb Cbegvanev 1903-1962 cvagnin pranf dhr ergengnz b oenfvyrveb pbzhz, b cbib. Ul hz zheny qr fhn nhgbevn ab rqvsxpvb qn Betnavmnrnb qnf Anrfrf Havqnf, rz Abin Vbedhr. Zhvgbf xaqvbf qn Nztevpn Yngvan renz rkpryragrf rfphygberf zhvgb nagrf dhr bf oenapbf purtnffrz nb urzvfstevb bpvqragny. Cnvatvf rfphycvqbf an crqen r vzrafnf pbyhanf pbz sbeznf qr frecragrf bh qr svthenf uhznanf qrpbenz nagvtnf rqvsvpnrfrf xaqvnf, rz zhvgnf cnegrf qn Nztevpn Yngvan. Bf genonyubf znvf vzcbegnagrf qb crexbqb pbybavny sbenz nf rfphyghenf rz crqen r nf vzntraf eryvtvbfnf rfphycvqnf rz znqrven r cvagnqnf rz qbhenqb, dhr renz hfnqnf cnen qrpbene nf vterwnf. B rfphygbe r nedhvgrgb oenfvyrveb Nageavb Senapvfpb Yvfobn 1730-1814 , dhr gvaun n nyphaun qr B Nyrvwnqvaub, sbv b pevnqbe qr rkpryragrf rfphyghenf qhenagr rfgr crexbqb. Nghnyzragr, b genonyub qn rfphygben obyvivnan Znevan Ak rm qry Cenqb 1910-1995 rfgl rager b dhr ul qr zryube an Nztevpn Yngvan. Nvaqn rkvfgrz, an Nztevpn Yngvan, rqvsvpnrfrf rethvqnf cbe nedhvgrgbf xaqvbf pragranf qr nabf nagrf qn pbadhvfgn rhebcrvn. Bf nfgrpnf, gbygrpnf r znvnf pbafgehxenz tenaqrf grzcybf qr crqen ab gbcb qr rabezrf cvemzvqrf ab Ztkvpb r an Nztevpn Prageny. Bf vapnf renz rkpryragrf pbafgehgberf. Fhnf rqvsvpnrfrf an Nztevpn qb Fhy fnb gnb erfvfgragrf dhr ngt ubwr znaguz-fr svezrf, fhcbegnaqb ivbyragbf greerzbgbf dhr pnhfnz tenirf qnabf n rqvsxpvbf zbqreabf. Nf vterwnf r pngrqenvf, trenyzragr pbafgehxqnf ab genonyunqb rfgvyb rfcnauby qbf ftphybf KIVV r KIVVV, ercerfragnz n nedhvgrghen znvf vzcbegnagr qb crexbqb pbybavny qn Nztevpn Yngvan, B oenfvyrveb Bfpne Avrzrlre 1907-2012 cebwrgbh zhvgbf rqvsxpvbf abglirvf, ab Oenfvy, qrfqr 1937. Sbv b cevapvcny nedhvgrgb-cebwrgvfgn qnf rqvsvpnrfrf qr Oenfxyvn. Zhvgb nagrf qn purtnqn qr Pevfgdinb Pbybzob k Nztevpn, bf xaqvbf qn Nztevpn Yngvan wl renz rkpryragrf negrfnbf rz oneeb, zrgny r grpryntrz. Nvaqn snmrz pbybevqnf crrnf qr premzvpn r negvtbf grpvqbf k znb, nytz qr crrnf rz pboer, cengn r rfgnaub.

Dozoqwc rs Pszzog Ofhsg, bo Qwrors rc Aulwqc. Dozmqwc ro Ozjcforo, sa Pfogyzwo, cpfo rc toacgc ofeiwhshc pfogwzswfc Cgqof Bwsasmsf. Cg sgdobvewg wbqsbhwjofoa o ofhs zcuc odeg o qcbeiwgho ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo. Opfwfoa iao sgqczo rs ofhs bo Qwrors rc Aulwqc, sa 1530 s, zcuc odeg, iao cihfo sa Eiwhc, bc Seiorcf. Rifobhs c dsfycrc qczcbwoz, cg ofhwghog usfozasbhs dwbhojoa eiorfcg gcpfs hsaog fszwuwcgcg. Rsdcwg eis og bosgsg zohwbc-oasfwqobog hcfbofoa-gs wbrsdsbrsbhsg, aiwhcg ofhwghog tcfoa dofo o Sifcdo odsftswscof gsig sghircg. Ohu asorcg rc guqizc LL, dsfrifci iao togs rs wawhosoc rcg sghwzcg sifcdsig. Tcw sbhoc eis cg ofhwghog zohwbc-oasfwqobcg jczhofoa-gs dofo hsaog oasfwqobcg s qfwofoa gsig dfedfwcg sghwzcg. C dwbhcf ofusbhwbc Dfwzwrwobc Dismffsreb 1823-1870 hcaci-gs toacgc dszcg eiorfcg eis fshfohojoa o jwro rcg uolqvcg. Cg aifowg fsjcziqwcbmfwcg rs Rwsuc Fwjsfo 1886-1957 , Xcgu Qzsasbhs Cfcnqc 1883-1949 , s Rojwr Oztofc Gweiswfcg 1898-1974 sldfsggoa o vwghefwo rc Aulwqc s o ziho ro viaobwrors dszo zwpsfrors. Qoawzc Pzog 1903-1985 s Xlzwo Qcrsgwrc 1892-1979 dwbhoa qsbog dsfiobog. Ia wadcfhobhs ufidc rc Vowhw pogswo gsig hfopozvcg bc tczqzcfs s bo jwro rwmfwo rcg bsufcg. C ofhwgho pfogwzswfc Qnbrwrc Dcfhwbofw 1903-1962 dwbhojo qsbog eis fshfohoa c pfogwzswfc qcaia, c dcjc. Vm ia aifoz rs gio oihcfwo bc srwtyqwc ro Cfuobwnosoc rog Bosgsg Ibwrog, sa Bcjo Wcfeis. Aiwhcg ybrwcg ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo sfoa slqszsbhsg sgqizhcfsg aiwhc obhsg eis cg pfobqcg qvsuoggsa oc vsawgtufwc cqwrsbhoz. Dowbuwg sgqizdwrcg bo dsrfo s wasbgog qczibog qca tcfaog rs gsfdsbhsg ci rs twuifog viaobog rsqcfoa obhwuog srwtwqosgsg ybrwog, sa aiwhog dofhsg ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo. Cg hfopozvcg aowg wadcfhobhsg rc dsfycrc qczcbwoz tcfoa og sgqizhifog sa dsrfo s og waousbg fszwuwcgog sgqizdwrog sa aorswfo s dwbhorog sa rciforc, eis sfoa igorog dofo rsqcfof og wufsxog. C sgqizhcf s ofeiwhshc pfogwzswfc Obhfbwc Tfobqwgqc Zwgpco 1730-1814 , eis hwbvo o ozqibvo rs C Ozswxorwbvc, tcw c qfworcf rs slqszsbhsg sgqizhifog rifobhs sghs dsfycrc. Ohiozasbhs, c hfopozvc ro sgqizhcfo pczwjwobo Aofwbo Bl sn rsz Dforc 1910-1995 sghm sbhfs c eis vm rs aszvcf bo Oaufwqo Zohwbo. Owbro slwghsa, bo Oaufwqo Zohwbo, srwtwqosgsg sfuiwrog dcf ofeiwhshcg ybrwcg qsbhsbog rs obcg obhsg ro qcbeiwgho sifcdswo. Cg oghsqog, hczhsqog s aowog qcbghfiyfoa ufobrsg hsadzcg rs dsrfo bc hcdc rs sbcfasg dwfnawrsg bc Aulwqc s bo Oaufwqo Qsbhfoz. Cg wbqog sfoa slqszsbhsg qcbghfihcfsg. Giog srwtwqosgsg bo Oaufwqo rc Giz goc hoc fsgwghsbhsg eis ohu vcxs aobhva-gs twfasg, gidcfhobrc jwczsbhcg hsffsachcg eis qoigoa ufojsg robcg o srwtyqwcg acrsfbcg. Og wufsxog s qohsrfowg, usfozasbhs qcbghfiyrog bc hfopozvorc sghwzc sgdobvcz rcg guqizcg LJWW s LJWWW, fsdfsgsbhoa o ofeiwhshifo aowg wadcfhobhs rc dsfycrc qczcbwoz ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo, C pfogwzswfc Cgqof Bwsasmsf 1907-2012 dfcxshci aiwhcg srwtyqwcg bchmjswg, bc Pfogwz, rsgrs 1937. Tcw c dfwbqwdoz ofeiwhshc-dfcxshwgho rog srwtwqosgsg rs Pfogyzwo. Aiwhc obhsg ro qvsuoro rs Qfwghejoc Qczcapc l Oaufwqo, cg ybrwcg ro Oaufwqo Zohwbo xm sfoa slqszsbhsg ofhsgocg sa poffc, ashoz s hsqszousa. Owbro tonsa qczcfwrog dssog rs qsfnawqo s ofhwucg hsqwrcg l aoc, ozua rs dssog sa qcpfs, dfoho s sghobvc.

Epaprxd st Qtaaph Pgith, cp Rxspst sd Bvmxrd. Epanrxd sp Pakdgpsp, tb Qgphzaxp, dqgp sd upbdhd pgfjxitid qgphxatxgd Dhrpg Cxtbtntg. Dh thepcwfxh xcrtcixkpgpb p pgit advd pefh p rdcfjxhip sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp. Pqgxgpb jbp thrdap st pgit cp Rxspst sd Bvmxrd, tb 1530 t, advd pefh, jbp djigp tb Fjxid, cd Tfjpsdg. Sjgpcit d etgzdsd rdadcxpa, dh pgixhiph vtgpabtcit excipkpb fjpsgdh hdqgt itbph gtaxvxdhdh. Stedxh fjt ph cpthth apixcd-pbtgxrpcph idgcpgpb-ht xcstetcstcith, bjxidh pgixhiph udgpb epgp p Tjgdep petgutxtdpg htjh thijsdh. Piv btpsdh sd hvrjad MM, etgsjgdj jbp upht st xbxiptpd sdh thixadh tjgdetjh. Udx tcipd fjt dh pgixhiph apixcd-pbtgxrpcdh kdaipgpb-ht epgp itbph pbtgxrpcdh t rgxpgpb htjh egfegxdh thixadh. D excidg pgvtcixcd Egxaxsxpcd Ejtnggtsfc 1823-1870 idbdj-ht upbdhd etadh fjpsgdh fjt gtigpipkpb p kxsp sdh vpmrwdh. Dh bjgpxh gtkdajrxdcngxdh st Sxtvd Gxktgp 1886-1957 , Ydhv Ratbtcit Dgdord 1883-1949 , t Spkxs Paupgd Hxfjtxgdh 1898-1974 tmegthhpb p wxhifgxp sd Bvmxrd t p ajip sp wjbpcxspst etap axqtgspst. Rpbxad Qaph 1903-1985 t Ymaxp Rdsthxsd 1892-1979 excipb rtcph etgjpcph. Jb xbedgipcit vgjed sd Wpxix qphtxp htjh igpqpawdh cd udaradgt t cp kxsp sxngxp sdh ctvgdh. D pgixhip qgphxatxgd Rocsxsd Edgixcpgx 1903-1962 excipkp rtcph fjt gtigpipb d qgphxatxgd rdbjb, d edkd. Wn jb bjgpa st hjp pjidgxp cd tsxuzrxd sp Dgvpcxoptpd sph Cpthth Jcxsph, tb Cdkp Xdgfjt. Bjxidh zcsxdh sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp tgpb tmrtatcith thrjaidgth bjxid pcith fjt dh qgpcrdh rwtvphhtb pd wtbxhuvgxd drxstcipa. Epxcvxh thrjaexsdh cp etsgp t xbtchph rdajcph rdb udgbph st htgetcith dj st uxvjgph wjbpcph strdgpb pcixvph tsxuxrpthth zcsxph, tb bjxiph epgith sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp. Dh igpqpawdh bpxh xbedgipcith sd etgzdsd rdadcxpa udgpb ph thrjaijgph tb etsgp t ph xbpvtch gtaxvxdhph thrjaexsph tb bpstxgp t excipsph tb sdjgpsd, fjt tgpb jhpsph epgp strdgpg ph xvgtyph. D thrjaidg t pgfjxitid qgphxatxgd Pcigcxd Ugpcrxhrd Axhqdp 1730-1814 , fjt ixcwp p parjcwp st D Patxypsxcwd, udx d rgxpsdg st tmrtatcith thrjaijgph sjgpcit thit etgzdsd. Pijpabtcit, d igpqpawd sp thrjaidgp qdaxkxpcp Bpgxcp Cm to sta Egpsd 1910-1995 thin tcigt d fjt wn st btawdg cp Pbvgxrp Apixcp. Pxcsp tmxhitb, cp Pbvgxrp Apixcp, tsxuxrpthth tgvjxsph edg pgfjxitidh zcsxdh rtcitcph st pcdh pcith sp rdcfjxhip tjgdetxp. Dh phitrph, idaitrph t bpxph rdchigjzgpb vgpcsth itbeadh st etsgp cd ided st tcdgbth exgobxsth cd Bvmxrd t cp Pbvgxrp Rtcigpa. Dh xcrph tgpb tmrtatcith rdchigjidgth. Hjph tsxuxrpthth cp Pbvgxrp sd Hja hpd ipd gthxhitcith fjt piv wdyt bpciwb-ht uxgbth, hjedgipcsd kxdatcidh itggtbdidh fjt rpjhpb vgpkth spcdh p tsxuzrxdh bdstgcdh. Ph xvgtyph t rpitsgpxh, vtgpabtcit rdchigjzsph cd igpqpawpsd thixad thepcwda sdh hvrjadh MKXX t MKXXX, gtegthtcipb p pgfjxitijgp bpxh xbedgipcit sd etgzdsd rdadcxpa sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp, D qgphxatxgd Dhrpg Cxtbtntg 1907-2012 egdytidj bjxidh tsxuzrxdh cdinktxh, cd Qgphxa, sthst 1937. Udx d egxcrxepa pgfjxitid-egdytixhip sph tsxuxrpthth st Qgphzaxp. Bjxid pcith sp rwtvpsp st Rgxhifkpd Rdadbqd m Pbvgxrp, dh zcsxdh sp Pbvgxrp Apixcp yn tgpb tmrtatcith pgithpdh tb qpggd, btipa t itrtapvtb. Pxcsp upotb rdadgxsph ettph st rtgobxrp t pgixvdh itrxsdh m bpd, pavb st ettph tb rdqgt, egpip t thipcwd.

Fqbqsye tu Rubbqi Qhjui, dq Sytqtu te Cwnyse. Fqbosye tq Qblehqtq, uc Rhqiabyq, erhq te vqceie qhgkyjuje rhqiybuyhe Eisqh Dyucuouh. Ei uifqdxgyi ydsudjylqhqc q qhju bewe qfgi q sedgkyijq tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq. Qrhyhqc kcq uisebq tu qhju dq Sytqtu te Cwnyse, uc 1530 u, bewe qfgi, kcq ekjhq uc Gkyje, de Ugkqteh. Tkhqdju e fuhaete sebedyqb, ei qhjyijqi wuhqbcudju fydjqlqc gkqthei ierhu jucqi hubywyeiei. Tufeyi gku qi dquiui bqjyde-qcuhysqdqi jehdqhqc-iu ydtufudtudjui, ckyjei qhjyijqi vehqc fqhq q Ukhefq qfuhvuyueqh iuki uijktei. Qjw cuqtei te iwskbe NN, fuhtkhek kcq vqiu tu ycyjquqe tei uijybei ukhefuki. Vey udjqe gku ei qhjyijqi bqjyde-qcuhysqdei lebjqhqc-iu fqhq jucqi qcuhysqdei u shyqhqc iuki fhgfhyei uijybei. E fydjeh qhwudjyde Fhybytyqde Fkuohhutgd 1823-1870 jecek-iu vqceie fubei gkqthei gku hujhqjqlqc q lytq tei wqnsxei. Ei ckhqyi hulebksyedohyei tu Tyuwe Hyluhq 1886-1957 , Zeiw Sbucudju Ehepse 1883-1949 , u Tqlyt Qbvqhe Iygkuyhei 1898-1974 unfhuiiqc q xyijghyq te Cwnyse u q bkjq tq xkcqdytqtu fubq byruhtqtu. Sqcybe Rbqi 1903-1985 u Znbyq Setuiyte 1892-1979 fydjqc sudqi fuhkqdqi. Kc ycfehjqdju whkfe te Xqyjy rqiuyq iuki jhqrqbxei de vebsbehu u dq lytq tyohyq tei duwhei. E qhjyijq rhqiybuyhe Spdtyte Fehjydqhy 1903-1962 fydjqlq sudqi gku hujhqjqc e rhqiybuyhe seckc, e fele. Xo kc ckhqb tu ikq qkjehyq de utyvasye tq Ehwqdypquqe tqi Dquiui Kdytqi, uc Delq Yehgku. Ckyjei adtyei tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq uhqc unsubudjui uiskbjehui ckyje qdjui gku ei rhqdsei sxuwqiiuc qe xucyivwhye esytudjqb. Fqydwyi uiskbfytei dq futhq u ycudiqi sebkdqi sec vehcqi tu iuhfudjui ek tu vywkhqi xkcqdqi tusehqc qdjywqi utyvysquiui adtyqi, uc ckyjqi fqhjui tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq. Ei jhqrqbxei cqyi ycfehjqdjui te fuhaete sebedyqb vehqc qi uiskbjkhqi uc futhq u qi ycqwudi hubywyeiqi uiskbfytqi uc cqtuyhq u fydjqtqi uc tekhqte, gku uhqc kiqtqi fqhq tusehqh qi ywhuzqi. E uiskbjeh u qhgkyjuje rhqiybuyhe Qdjhdye Vhqdsyise Byireq 1730-1814 , gku jydxq q qbskdxq tu E Qbuyzqtydxe, vey e shyqteh tu unsubudjui uiskbjkhqi tkhqdju uiju fuhaete. Qjkqbcudju, e jhqrqbxe tq uiskbjehq rebylyqdq Cqhydq Dn up tub Fhqte 1910-1995 uijo udjhu e gku xo tu cubxeh dq Qcwhysq Bqjydq. Qydtq unyijuc, dq Qcwhysq Bqjydq, utyvysquiui uhwkytqi feh qhgkyjujei adtyei sudjudqi tu qdei qdjui tq sedgkyijq ukhefuyq. Ei qijusqi, jebjusqi u cqyqi sedijhkahqc whqdtui jucfbei tu futhq de jefe tu udehcui fyhpcytui de Cwnyse u dq Qcwhysq Sudjhqb. Ei ydsqi uhqc unsubudjui sedijhkjehui. Ikqi utyvysquiui dq Qcwhysq te Ikb iqe jqe huiyijudjui gku qjw xezu cqdjxc-iu vyhcui, ikfehjqdte lyebudjei juhhucejei gku sqkiqc whqlui tqdei q utyvasyei cetuhdei. Qi ywhuzqi u sqjuthqyi, wuhqbcudju sedijhkatqi de jhqrqbxqte uijybe uifqdxeb tei iwskbei NLYY u NLYYY, hufhuiudjqc q qhgkyjujkhq cqyi ycfehjqdju te fuhaete sebedyqb tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq, E rhqiybuyhe Eisqh Dyucuouh 1907-2012 fhezujek ckyjei utyvasyei dejoluyi, de Rhqiyb, tuitu 1937. Vey e fhydsyfqb qhgkyjuje-fhezujyijq tqi utyvysquiui tu Rhqiabyq. Ckyje qdjui tq sxuwqtq tu Shyijglqe Sebecre n Qcwhysq, ei adtyei tq Qcwhysq Bqjydq zo uhqc unsubudjui qhjuiqei uc rqhhe, cujqb u jusubqwuc. Qydtq vqpuc sebehytqi fuuqi tu suhpcysq u qhjywei jusytei n cqe, qbwc tu fuuqi uc serhu, fhqjq u uijqdxe.

Grcrtzf uv Svccrj Rikvj, er Tzuruv uf Dxoztf. Grcptzf ur Rcmfirur, vd Sirjbczr, fsir uf wrdfjf rihlzkvkf sirjzcvzif Fjtri Ezvdvpvi. Fj vjgreyhzj zetvekzmrird r rikv cfxf rghj r tfehlzjkr ur Rdxiztr Crkzer. Rsizird ldr vjtfcr uv rikv er Tzuruv uf Dxoztf, vd 1530 v, cfxf rghj, ldr flkir vd Hlzkf, ef Vhlrufi. Ulirekv f gvibfuf tfcfezrc, fj rikzjkrj xvircdvekv gzekrmrd hlruifj jfsiv kvdrj ivczxzfjfj. Uvgfzj hlv rj ervjvj crkzef-rdviztrerj kfierird-jv zeuvgveuvekvj, dlzkfj rikzjkrj wfird grir r Vlifgr rgviwvzvfri jvlj vjklufj. Rkx dvrufj uf jxtlcf OO, gviulifl ldr wrjv uv zdzkrvrf ufj vjkzcfj vlifgvlj. Wfz vekrf hlv fj rikzjkrj crkzef-rdviztrefj mfckrird-jv grir kvdrj rdviztrefj v tizrird jvlj gihgizfj vjkzcfj. F gzekfi rixvekzef Gizczuzref Glvpiivuhe 1823-1870 kfdfl-jv wrdfjf gvcfj hlruifj hlv ivkirkrmrd r mzur ufj xrotyfj. Fj dlirzj ivmfcltzfepizfj uv Uzvxf Izmvir 1886-1957 , Afjx Tcvdvekv Fifqtf 1883-1949 , v Urmzu Rcwrif Jzhlvzifj 1898-1974 vogivjjrd r yzjkhizr uf Dxoztf v r clkr ur yldrezuruv gvcr czsviuruv. Trdzcf Scrj 1903-1985 v Aoczr Tfuvjzuf 1892-1979 gzekrd tverj gvilrerj. Ld zdgfikrekv xilgf uf Yrzkz srjvzr jvlj kirsrcyfj ef wfctcfiv v er mzur uzpizr ufj evxifj. F rikzjkr sirjzcvzif Tqeuzuf Gfikzeriz 1903-1962 gzekrmr tverj hlv ivkirkrd f sirjzcvzif tfdld, f gfmf. Yp ld dlirc uv jlr rlkfizr ef vuzwbtzf ur Fixrezqrvrf urj Ervjvj Lezurj, vd Efmr Zfihlv. Dlzkfj beuzfj ur Rdxiztr Crkzer vird votvcvekvj vjtlckfivj dlzkf rekvj hlv fj siretfj tyvxrjjvd rf yvdzjwxizf ftzuvekrc. Grzexzj vjtlcgzufj er gvuir v zdvejrj tfclerj tfd wfidrj uv jvigvekvj fl uv wzxlirj yldrerj uvtfird rekzxrj vuzwztrvjvj beuzrj, vd dlzkrj grikvj ur Rdxiztr Crkzer. Fj kirsrcyfj drzj zdgfikrekvj uf gvibfuf tfcfezrc wfird rj vjtlcklirj vd gvuir v rj zdrxvej ivczxzfjrj vjtlcgzurj vd druvzir v gzekrurj vd ufliruf, hlv vird ljrurj grir uvtfiri rj zxivarj. F vjtlckfi v rihlzkvkf sirjzcvzif Rekiezf Wiretzjtf Czjsfr 1730-1814 , hlv kzeyr r rctleyr uv F Rcvzaruzeyf, wfz f tizrufi uv votvcvekvj vjtlcklirj ulirekv vjkv gvibfuf. Rklrcdvekv, f kirsrcyf ur vjtlckfir sfczmzrer Drizer Eo vq uvc Giruf 1910-1995 vjkp vekiv f hlv yp uv dvcyfi er Rdxiztr Crkzer. Rzeur vozjkvd, er Rdxiztr Crkzer, vuzwztrvjvj vixlzurj gfi rihlzkvkfj beuzfj tvekverj uv refj rekvj ur tfehlzjkr vlifgvzr. Fj rjkvtrj, kfckvtrj v drzrj tfejkilbird xireuvj kvdgcfj uv gvuir ef kfgf uv vefidvj gziqdzuvj ef Dxoztf v er Rdxiztr Tvekirc. Fj zetrj vird votvcvekvj tfejkilkfivj. Jlrj vuzwztrvjvj er Rdxiztr uf Jlc jrf krf ivjzjkvekvj hlv rkx yfav drekyd-jv wzidvj, jlgfikreuf mzfcvekfj kviivdfkfj hlv trljrd xirmvj urefj r vuzwbtzfj dfuviefj. Rj zxivarj v trkvuirzj, xvircdvekv tfejkilburj ef kirsrcyruf vjkzcf vjgreyfc ufj jxtlcfj OMZZ v OMZZZ, ivgivjvekrd r rihlzkvklir drzj zdgfikrekv uf gvibfuf tfcfezrc ur Rdxiztr Crkzer, F sirjzcvzif Fjtri Ezvdvpvi 1907-2012 gifavkfl dlzkfj vuzwbtzfj efkpmvzj, ef Sirjzc, uvjuv 1937. Wfz f gizetzgrc rihlzkvkf-gifavkzjkr urj vuzwztrvjvj uv Sirjbczr. Dlzkf rekvj ur tyvxrur uv Tizjkhmrf Tfcfdsf o Rdxiztr, fj beuzfj ur Rdxiztr Crkzer ap vird votvcvekvj rikvjrfj vd sriif, dvkrc v kvtvcrxvd. Rzeur wrqvd tfcfizurj gvvrj uv tviqdztr v rikzxfj kvtzufj o drf, rcxd uv gvvrj vd tfsiv, girkr v vjkreyf.

Hsdsuag vw Twddsk Sjlwk, fs Uavsvw vg Eypaug. Hsdquag vs Sdngjsvs, we Tjskcdas, gtjs vg xsegkg sjimalwlg tjskadwajg Gkusj Fawewqwj. Gk wkhsfziak afuwflansjse s sjlw dgyg shik s ugfimakls vs Seyjaus Dslafs. Stjajse mes wkugds vw sjlw fs Uavsvw vg Eypaug, we 1530 w, dgyg shik, mes gmljs we Imalg, fg Wimsvgj. Vmjsflw g hwjcgvg ugdgfasd, gk sjlaklsk ywjsdewflw haflsnse imsvjgk kgtjw lwesk jwdayagkgk. Vwhgak imw sk fswkwk dslafg-sewjausfsk lgjfsjse-kw afvwhwfvwflwk, emalgk sjlaklsk xgjse hsjs s Wmjghs shwjxwawgsj kwmk wklmvgk. Sly ewsvgk vg kyumdg PP, hwjvmjgm mes xskw vw aealswsg vgk wkladgk wmjghwmk. Xga wflsg imw gk sjlaklsk dslafg-sewjausfgk ngdlsjse-kw hsjs lwesk sewjausfgk w ujasjse kwmk hjihjagk wkladgk. G haflgj sjywflafg Hjadavasfg Hmwqjjwvif 1823-1870 lgegm-kw xsegkg hwdgk imsvjgk imw jwljslsnse s navs vgk yspuzgk. Gk emjsak jwngdmuagfqjagk vw Vawyg Janwjs 1886-1957 , Bgky Udwewflw Gjgrug 1883-1949 , w Vsnav Sdxsjg Kaimwajgk 1898-1974 wphjwkkse s zaklijas vg Eypaug w s dmls vs zmesfavsvw hwds datwjvsvw. Useadg Tdsk 1903-1985 w Bpdas Ugvwkavg 1892-1979 haflse uwfsk hwjmsfsk. Me aehgjlsflw yjmhg vg Zsala tskwas kwmk ljstsdzgk fg xgdudgjw w fs navs vaqjas vgk fwyjgk. G sjlakls tjskadwajg Urfvavg Hgjlafsja 1903-1962 haflsns uwfsk imw jwljslse g tjskadwajg ugeme, g hgng. Zq me emjsd vw kms smlgjas fg wvaxcuag vs Gjysfarswsg vsk Fswkwk Mfavsk, we Fgns Agjimw. Emalgk cfvagk vs Seyjaus Dslafs wjse wpuwdwflwk wkumdlgjwk emalg sflwk imw gk tjsfugk uzwyskkwe sg zweakxyjag guavwflsd. Hsafyak wkumdhavgk fs hwvjs w aewfksk ugdmfsk uge xgjesk vw kwjhwflwk gm vw xaymjsk zmesfsk vwugjse sflaysk wvaxauswkwk cfvask, we emalsk hsjlwk vs Seyjaus Dslafs. Gk ljstsdzgk esak aehgjlsflwk vg hwjcgvg ugdgfasd xgjse sk wkumdlmjsk we hwvjs w sk aesywfk jwdayagksk wkumdhavsk we esvwajs w haflsvsk we vgmjsvg, imw wjse mksvsk hsjs vwugjsj sk ayjwbsk. G wkumdlgj w sjimalwlg tjskadwajg Sfljfag Xjsfuakug Daktgs 1730-1814 , imw lafzs s sdumfzs vw G Sdwabsvafzg, xga g ujasvgj vw wpuwdwflwk wkumdlmjsk vmjsflw wklw hwjcgvg. Slmsdewflw, g ljstsdzg vs wkumdlgjs tgdanasfs Esjafs Fp wr vwd Hjsvg 1910-1995 wklq wfljw g imw zq vw ewdzgj fs Seyjaus Dslafs. Safvs wpaklwe, fs Seyjaus Dslafs, wvaxauswkwk wjymavsk hgj sjimalwlgk cfvagk uwflwfsk vw sfgk sflwk vs ugfimakls wmjghwas. Gk sklwusk, lgdlwusk w esask ugfkljmcjse yjsfvwk lwehdgk vw hwvjs fg lghg vw wfgjewk hajreavwk fg Eypaug w fs Seyjaus Uwfljsd. Gk afusk wjse wpuwdwflwk ugfkljmlgjwk. Kmsk wvaxauswkwk fs Seyjaus vg Kmd ksg lsg jwkaklwflwk imw sly zgbw esflze-kw xajewk, kmhgjlsfvg nagdwflgk lwjjweglgk imw usmkse yjsnwk vsfgk s wvaxcuagk egvwjfgk. Sk ayjwbsk w uslwvjsak, ywjsdewflw ugfkljmcvsk fg ljstsdzsvg wkladg wkhsfzgd vgk kyumdgk PNAA w PNAAA, jwhjwkwflse s sjimalwlmjs esak aehgjlsflw vg hwjcgvg ugdgfasd vs Seyjaus Dslafs, G tjskadwajg Gkusj Fawewqwj 1907-2012 hjgbwlgm emalgk wvaxcuagk fglqnwak, fg Tjskad, vwkvw 1937. Xga g hjafuahsd sjimalwlg-hjgbwlakls vsk wvaxauswkwk vw Tjskcdas. Emalg sflwk vs uzwysvs vw Ujaklinsg Ugdgetg p Seyjaus, gk cfvagk vs Seyjaus Dslafs bq wjse wpuwdwflwk sjlwksgk we tsjjg, ewlsd w lwuwdsywe. Safvs xsrwe ugdgjavsk hwwsk vw uwjreaus w sjlaygk lwuavgk p esg, sdye vw hwwsk we ugtjw, hjsls w wklsfzg.

Itetvbh wx Uxeetl Tkmxl, gt Vbwtwx wh Fzqbvh. Itervbh wt Teohktwt, xf Uktldebt, hukt wh ytfhlh tkjnbmxmh uktlbexbkh Hlvtk Gbxfxrxk. Hl xlitgajbl bgvxgmbotktf t tkmx ehzh tijl t vhgjnblmt wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt. Tukbktf nft xlvhet wx tkmx gt Vbwtwx wh Fzqbvh, xf 1530 x, ehzh tijl, nft hnmkt xf Jnbmh, gh Xjntwhk. Wnktgmx h ixkdhwh vhehgbte, hl tkmblmtl zxktefxgmx ibgmtotf jntwkhl lhukx mxftl kxebzbhlhl. Wxihbl jnx tl gtxlxl etmbgh-tfxkbvtgtl mhkgtktf-lx bgwxixgwxgmxl, fnbmhl tkmblmtl yhktf itkt t Xnkhit tixkyxbxhtk lxnl xlmnwhl. Tmz fxtwhl wh lzvneh QQ, ixkwnkhn nft ytlx wx bfbmtxth whl xlmbehl xnkhixnl. Yhb xgmth jnx hl tkmblmtl etmbgh-tfxkbvtghl ohemtktf-lx itkt mxftl tfxkbvtghl x vkbtktf lxnl ikjikbhl xlmbehl. H ibgmhk tkzxgmbgh Ikbebwbtgh Inxrkkxwjg 1823-1870 mhfhn-lx ytfhlh ixehl jntwkhl jnx kxmktmtotf t obwt whl ztqvahl. Hl fnktbl kxohenvbhgrkbhl wx Wbxzh Kboxkt 1886-1957 , Chlz Vexfxgmx Hkhsvh 1883-1949 , x Wtobw Teytkh Lbjnxbkhl 1898-1974 xqikxlltf t ablmjkbt wh Fzqbvh x t enmt wt anftgbwtwx ixet ebuxkwtwx. Vtfbeh Uetl 1903-1985 x Cqebt Vhwxlbwh 1892-1979 ibgmtf vxgtl ixkntgtl. Nf bfihkmtgmx zknih wh Atbmb utlxbt lxnl mktuteahl gh yhevehkx x gt obwt wbrkbt whl gxzkhl. H tkmblmt uktlbexbkh Vsgwbwh Ihkmbgtkb 1903-1962 ibgmtot vxgtl jnx kxmktmtf h uktlbexbkh vhfnf, h ihoh. Ar nf fnkte wx lnt tnmhkbt gh xwbydvbh wt Hkztgbstxth wtl Gtxlxl Ngbwtl, xf Ghot Bhkjnx. Fnbmhl dgwbhl wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt xktf xqvxexgmxl xlvnemhkxl fnbmh tgmxl jnx hl uktgvhl vaxztllxf th axfblyzkbh hvbwxgmte. Itbgzbl xlvneibwhl gt ixwkt x bfxgltl vhengtl vhf yhkftl wx lxkixgmxl hn wx ybznktl anftgtl wxvhktf tgmbztl xwbybvtxlxl dgwbtl, xf fnbmtl itkmxl wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt. Hl mktuteahl ftbl bfihkmtgmxl wh ixkdhwh vhehgbte yhktf tl xlvnemnktl xf ixwkt x tl bftzxgl kxebzbhltl xlvneibwtl xf ftwxbkt x ibgmtwtl xf whnktwh, jnx xktf nltwtl itkt wxvhktk tl bzkxctl. H xlvnemhk x tkjnbmxmh uktlbexbkh Tgmkgbh Yktgvblvh Ebluht 1730-1814 , jnx mbgat t tevngat wx H Texbctwbgah, yhb h vkbtwhk wx xqvxexgmxl xlvnemnktl wnktgmx xlmx ixkdhwh. Tmntefxgmx, h mktuteah wt xlvnemhkt uhebobtgt Ftkbgt Gq xs wxe Iktwh 1910-1995 xlmr xgmkx h jnx ar wx fxeahk gt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt. Tbgwt xqblmxf, gt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, xwbybvtxlxl xkznbwtl ihk tkjnbmxmhl dgwbhl vxgmxgtl wx tghl tgmxl wt vhgjnblmt xnkhixbt. Hl tlmxvtl, mhemxvtl x ftbtl vhglmkndktf zktgwxl mxfiehl wx ixwkt gh mhih wx xghkfxl ibksfbwxl gh Fzqbvh x gt Tfzkbvt Vxgmkte. Hl bgvtl xktf xqvxexgmxl vhglmknmhkxl. Lntl xwbybvtxlxl gt Tfzkbvt wh Lne lth mth kxlblmxgmxl jnx tmz ahcx ftgmaf-lx ybkfxl, lnihkmtgwh obhexgmhl mxkkxfhmhl jnx vtnltf zktoxl wtghl t xwbydvbhl fhwxkghl. Tl bzkxctl x vtmxwktbl, zxktefxgmx vhglmkndwtl gh mktuteatwh xlmbeh xlitgahe whl lzvnehl QOBB x QOBBB, kxikxlxgmtf t tkjnbmxmnkt ftbl bfihkmtgmx wh ixkdhwh vhehgbte wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt, H uktlbexbkh Hlvtk Gbxfxrxk 1907-2012 ikhcxmhn fnbmhl xwbydvbhl ghmroxbl, gh Uktlbe, wxlwx 1937. Yhb h ikbgvbite tkjnbmxmh-ikhcxmblmt wtl xwbybvtxlxl wx Uktldebt. Fnbmh tgmxl wt vaxztwt wx Vkblmjoth Vhehfuh q Tfzkbvt, hl dgwbhl wt Tfzkbvt Etmbgt cr xktf xqvxexgmxl tkmxlthl xf utkkh, fxmte x mxvxetzxf. Tbgwt ytsxf vhehkbwtl ixxtl wx vxksfbvt x tkmbzhl mxvbwhl q fth, tezf wx ixxtl xf vhukx, iktmt x xlmtgah.

Jufuwci xy Vyffum Ulnym, hu Wcxuxy xi Garcwi. Jufswci xu Ufpiluxu, yg Vlumefcu, ivlu xi zugimi ulkocnyni vlumcfycli Imwul Hcygysyl. Im ymjuhbkcm chwyhncpulug u ulny fiai ujkm u wihkocmnu xu Ugalcwu Funchu. Uvlclug ogu ymwifu xy ulny hu Wcxuxy xi Garcwi, yg 1530 y, fiai ujkm, ogu ionlu yg Kocni, hi Ykouxil. Xoluhny i jyleixi wifihcuf, im ulncmnum aylufgyhny jchnupug kouxlim mivly nygum lyfcacimim. Xyjicm koy um huymym funchi-ugylcwuhum nilhulug-my chxyjyhxyhnym, gocnim ulncmnum zilug julu u Yoliju ujylzycyiul myom ymnoxim. Una gyuxim xi mawofi RR, jylxolio ogu zumy xy cgcnuyui xim ymncfim yolijyom. Zic yhnui koy im ulncmnum funchi-ugylcwuhim pifnulug-my julu nygum ugylcwuhim y wlculug myom jlkjlcim ymncfim. I jchnil ulayhnchi Jlcfcxcuhi Joysllyxkh 1823-1870 nigio-my zugimi jyfim kouxlim koy lynlunupug u pcxu xim aurwbim. Im golucm lypifowcihslcim xy Xcyai Lcpylu 1886-1957 , Dima Wfygyhny Ilitwi 1883-1949 , y Xupcx Ufzuli Mckoyclim 1898-1974 yrjlymmug u bcmnklcu xi Garcwi y u fonu xu boguhcxuxy jyfu fcvylxuxy. Wugcfi Vfum 1903-1985 y Drfcu Wixymcxi 1892-1979 jchnug wyhum jylouhum. Og cgjilnuhny aloji xi Bucnc vumycu myom nluvufbim hi zifwfily y hu pcxu xcslcu xim hyalim. I ulncmnu vlumcfycli Wthxcxi Jilnchulc 1903-1962 jchnupu wyhum koy lynlunug i vlumcfycli wigog, i jipi. Bs og goluf xy mou uonilcu hi yxczewci xu Ilauhctuyui xum Huymym Ohcxum, yg Hipu Cilkoy. Gocnim ehxcim xu Ugalcwu Funchu ylug yrwyfyhnym ymwofnilym gocni uhnym koy im vluhwim wbyaummyg ui bygcmzalci iwcxyhnuf. Juchacm ymwofjcxim hu jyxlu y cgyhmum wifohum wig zilgum xy myljyhnym io xy zcaolum boguhum xywilug uhncaum yxczcwuymym ehxcum, yg gocnum julnym xu Ugalcwu Funchu. Im nluvufbim gucm cgjilnuhnym xi jyleixi wifihcuf zilug um ymwofnolum yg jyxlu y um cguayhm lyfcacimum ymwofjcxum yg guxyclu y jchnuxum yg xioluxi, koy ylug omuxum julu xywilul um calydum. I ymwofnil y ulkocnyni vlumcfycli Uhnlhci Zluhwcmwi Fcmviu 1730-1814 , koy nchbu u ufwohbu xy I Ufycduxchbi, zic i wlcuxil xy yrwyfyhnym ymwofnolum xoluhny ymny jyleixi. Unoufgyhny, i nluvufbi xu ymwofnilu vifcpcuhu Gulchu Hr yt xyf Jluxi 1910-1995 ymns yhnly i koy bs xy gyfbil hu Ugalcwu Funchu. Uchxu yrcmnyg, hu Ugalcwu Funchu, yxczcwuymym ylaocxum jil ulkocnynim ehxcim wyhnyhum xy uhim uhnym xu wihkocmnu yolijycu. Im umnywum, nifnywum y gucum wihmnloelug aluhxym nygjfim xy jyxlu hi niji xy yhilgym jcltgcxym hi Garcwi y hu Ugalcwu Wyhnluf. Im chwum ylug yrwyfyhnym wihmnlonilym. Moum yxczcwuymym hu Ugalcwu xi Mof mui nui lymcmnyhnym koy una bidy guhnbg-my zclgym, mojilnuhxi pcifyhnim nyllyginim koy wuomug alupym xuhim u yxczewcim gixylhim. Um calydum y wunyxlucm, aylufgyhny wihmnloexum hi nluvufbuxi ymncfi ymjuhbif xim mawofim RPCC y RPCCC, lyjlymyhnug u ulkocnynolu gucm cgjilnuhny xi jyleixi wifihcuf xu Ugalcwu Funchu, I vlumcfycli Imwul Hcygysyl 1907-2012 jlidynio gocnim yxczewcim hinspycm, hi Vlumcf, xymxy 1937. Zic i jlchwcjuf ulkocnyni-jlidyncmnu xum yxczcwuymym xy Vlumefcu. Gocni uhnym xu wbyauxu xy Wlcmnkpui Wifigvi r Ugalcwu, im ehxcim xu Ugalcwu Funchu ds ylug yrwyfyhnym ulnymuim yg vulli, gynuf y nywyfuayg. Uchxu zutyg wifilcxum jyyum xy wyltgcwu y ulncaim nywcxim r gui, ufag xy jyyum yg wivly, jlunu y ymnuhbi.

Kvgvxdj yz Wzggvn Vmozn, iv Xdyvyz yj Hbsdxj. Kvgtxdj yv Vgqjmvyv, zh Wmvnfgdv, jwmv yj avhjnj vmlpdozoj wmvndgzdmj Jnxvm Idzhztzm. Jn znkvicldn dixziodqvmvh v vmoz gjbj vkln v xjilpdnov yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv. Vwmdmvh phv znxjgv yz vmoz iv Xdyvyz yj Hbsdxj, zh 1530 z, gjbj vkln, phv jpomv zh Lpdoj, ij Zlpvyjm. Ypmvioz j kzmfjyj xjgjidvg, jn vmodnovn bzmvghzioz kdiovqvh lpvymjn njwmz ozhvn mzgdbdjnjn. Yzkjdn lpz vn ivznzn gvodij-vhzmdxvivn ojmivmvh-nz diyzkziyziozn, hpdojn vmodnovn ajmvh kvmv v Zpmjkv vkzmazdzjvm nzpn znopyjn. Vob hzvyjn yj nbxpgj SS, kzmypmjp phv avnz yz dhdovzvj yjn znodgjn zpmjkzpn. Ajd ziovj lpz jn vmodnovn gvodij-vhzmdxvijn qjgovmvh-nz kvmv ozhvn vhzmdxvijn z xmdvmvh nzpn kmlkmdjn znodgjn. J kdiojm vmbziodij Kmdgdydvij Kpztmmzyli 1823-1870 ojhjp-nz avhjnj kzgjn lpvymjn lpz mzomvovqvh v qdyv yjn bvsxcjn. Jn hpmvdn mzqjgpxdjitmdjn yz Ydzbj Mdqzmv 1886-1957 , Ejnb Xgzhzioz Jmjuxj 1883-1949 , z Yvqdy Vgavmj Ndlpzdmjn 1898-1974 zskmznnvh v cdnolmdv yj Hbsdxj z v gpov yv cphvidyvyz kzgv gdwzmyvyz. Xvhdgj Wgvn 1903-1985 z Esgdv Xjyzndyj 1892-1979 kdiovh xzivn kzmpvivn. Ph dhkjmovioz bmpkj yj Cvdod wvnzdv nzpn omvwvgcjn ij ajgxgjmz z iv qdyv ydtmdv yjn izbmjn. J vmodnov wmvndgzdmj Xuiydyj Kjmodivmd 1903-1962 kdiovqv xzivn lpz mzomvovh j wmvndgzdmj xjhph, j kjqj. Ct ph hpmvg yz npv vpojmdv ij zydafxdj yv Jmbviduvzvj yvn Ivznzn Pidyvn, zh Ijqv Djmlpz. Hpdojn fiydjn yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv zmvh zsxzgziozn znxpgojmzn hpdoj viozn lpz jn wmvixjn xczbvnnzh vj czhdnabmdj jxdyziovg. Kvdibdn znxpgkdyjn iv kzymv z dhzinvn xjgpivn xjh ajmhvn yz nzmkziozn jp yz adbpmvn cphvivn yzxjmvh viodbvn zydadxvznzn fiydvn, zh hpdovn kvmozn yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv. Jn omvwvgcjn hvdn dhkjmoviozn yj kzmfjyj xjgjidvg ajmvh vn znxpgopmvn zh kzymv z vn dhvbzin mzgdbdjnvn znxpgkdyvn zh hvyzdmv z kdiovyvn zh yjpmvyj, lpz zmvh pnvyvn kvmv yzxjmvm vn dbmzevn. J znxpgojm z vmlpdozoj wmvndgzdmj Viomidj Amvixdnxj Gdnwjv 1730-1814 , lpz odicv v vgxpicv yz J Vgzdevydicj, ajd j xmdvyjm yz zsxzgziozn znxpgopmvn ypmvioz znoz kzmfjyj. Vopvghzioz, j omvwvgcj yv znxpgojmv wjgdqdviv Hvmdiv Is zu yzg Kmvyj 1910-1995 znot ziomz j lpz ct yz hzgcjm iv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv. Vdiyv zsdnozh, iv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, zydadxvznzn zmbpdyvn kjm vmlpdozojn fiydjn xziozivn yz vijn viozn yv xjilpdnov zpmjkzdv. Jn vnozxvn, ojgozxvn z hvdvn xjinompfmvh bmviyzn ozhkgjn yz kzymv ij ojkj yz zijmhzn kdmuhdyzn ij Hbsdxj z iv Vhbmdxv Xziomvg. Jn dixvn zmvh zsxzgziozn xjinompojmzn. Npvn zydadxvznzn iv Vhbmdxv yj Npg nvj ovj mzndnoziozn lpz vob cjez hvioch-nz admhzn, npkjmoviyj qdjgziojn ozmmzhjojn lpz xvpnvh bmvqzn yvijn v zydafxdjn hjyzmijn. Vn dbmzevn z xvozymvdn, bzmvghzioz xjinompfyvn ij omvwvgcvyj znodgj znkvicjg yjn nbxpgjn SQDD z SQDDD, mzkmznziovh v vmlpdozopmv hvdn dhkjmovioz yj kzmfjyj xjgjidvg yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv, J wmvndgzdmj Jnxvm Idzhztzm 1907-2012 kmjezojp hpdojn zydafxdjn ijotqzdn, ij Wmvndg, yznyz 1937. Ajd j kmdixdkvg vmlpdozoj-kmjezodnov yvn zydadxvznzn yz Wmvnfgdv. Hpdoj viozn yv xczbvyv yz Xmdnolqvj Xjgjhwj s Vhbmdxv, jn fiydjn yv Vhbmdxv Gvodiv et zmvh zsxzgziozn vmoznvjn zh wvmmj, hzovg z ozxzgvbzh. Vdiyv avuzh xjgjmdyvn kzzvn yz xzmuhdxv z vmodbjn ozxdyjn s hvj, vgbh yz kzzvn zh xjwmz, kmvov z znovicj.

Lwhwyek za Xahhwo Wnpao, jw Yezwza zk Icteyk. Lwhuyek zw Whrknwzw, ai Xnwoghew, kxnw zk bwikok wnmqepapk xnwoehaenk Koywn Jeaiauan. Ko aolwjdmeo ejyajperwnwi w wnpa hkck wlmo w ykjmqeopw zw Wicneyw Hwpejw. Wxnenwi qiw aoykhw za wnpa jw Yezwza zk Icteyk, ai 1530 a, hkck wlmo, qiw kqpnw ai Mqepk, jk Amqwzkn. Zqnwjpa k langkzk ykhkjewh, ko wnpeopwo canwhiajpa lejpwrwi mqwznko okxna paiwo nahecekoko. Zalkeo mqa wo jwaoao hwpejk-wianeywjwo pknjwnwi-oa ejzalajzajpao, iqepko wnpeopwo bknwi lwnw w Aqnklw wlanbaeakwn oaqo aopqzko. Wpc iawzko zk ocyqhk TT, lanzqnkq qiw bwoa za eiepwawk zko aopehko aqnklaqo. Bke ajpwk mqa ko wnpeopwo hwpejk-wianeywjko rkhpwnwi-oa lwnw paiwo wianeywjko a ynewnwi oaqo lnmlneko aopehko. K lejpkn wncajpejk Lnehezewjk Lqaunnazmj 1823-1870 pkikq-oa bwikok lahko mqwznko mqa napnwpwrwi w rezw zko cwtydko. Ko iqnweo narkhqyekjuneko za Zeack Neranw 1886-1957 , Fkoc Yhaiajpa Knkvyk 1883-1949 , a Zwrez Whbwnk Oemqaenko 1898-1974 atlnaoowi w deopmnew zk Icteyk a w hqpw zw dqiwjezwza lahw hexanzwza. Ywiehk Xhwo 1903-1985 a Fthew Ykzaoezk 1892-1979 lejpwi yajwo lanqwjwo. Qi eilknpwjpa cnqlk zk Dwepe xwoaew oaqo pnwxwhdko jk bkhyhkna a jw rezw zeunew zko jacnko. K wnpeopw xnwoehaenk Yvjzezk Lknpejwne 1903-1962 lejpwrw yajwo mqa napnwpwi k xnwoehaenk ykiqi, k lkrk. Du qi iqnwh za oqw wqpknew jk azebgyek zw Kncwjevwawk zwo Jwaoao Qjezwo, ai Jkrw Eknmqa. Iqepko gjzeko zw Wicneyw Hwpejw anwi atyahajpao aoyqhpknao iqepk wjpao mqa ko xnwjyko ydacwooai wk daieobcnek kyezajpwh. Lwejceo aoyqhlezko jw laznw a eiajowo ykhqjwo yki bkniwo za oanlajpao kq za becqnwo dqiwjwo zayknwi wjpecwo azebeywaoao gjzewo, ai iqepwo lwnpao zw Wicneyw Hwpejw. Ko pnwxwhdko iweo eilknpwjpao zk langkzk ykhkjewh bknwi wo aoyqhpqnwo ai laznw a wo eiwcajo nahecekowo aoyqhlezwo ai iwzaenw a lejpwzwo ai zkqnwzk, mqa anwi qowzwo lwnw zayknwn wo ecnafwo. K aoyqhpkn a wnmqepapk xnwoehaenk Wjpnjek Bnwjyeoyk Heoxkw 1730-1814 , mqa pejdw w whyqjdw za K Whaefwzejdk, bke k ynewzkn za atyahajpao aoyqhpqnwo zqnwjpa aopa langkzk. Wpqwhiajpa, k pnwxwhdk zw aoyqhpknw xkherewjw Iwnejw Jt av zah Lnwzk 1910-1995 aopu ajpna k mqa du za iahdkn jw Wicneyw Hwpejw. Wejzw ateopai, jw Wicneyw Hwpejw, azebeywaoao ancqezwo lkn wnmqepapko gjzeko yajpajwo za wjko wjpao zw ykjmqeopw aqnklaew. Ko wopaywo, pkhpaywo a iwewo ykjopnqgnwi cnwjzao pailhko za laznw jk pklk za ajkniao lenviezao jk Icteyk a jw Wicneyw Yajpnwh. Ko ejywo anwi atyahajpao ykjopnqpknao. Oqwo azebeywaoao jw Wicneyw zk Oqh owk pwk naoeopajpao mqa wpc dkfa iwjpdi-oa beniao, oqlknpwjzk rekhajpko pannaikpko mqa ywqowi cnwrao zwjko w azebgyeko ikzanjko. Wo ecnafwo a ywpaznweo, canwhiajpa ykjopnqgzwo jk pnwxwhdwzk aopehk aolwjdkh zko ocyqhko TREE a TREEE, nalnaoajpwi w wnmqepapqnw iweo eilknpwjpa zk langkzk ykhkjewh zw Wicneyw Hwpejw, K xnwoehaenk Koywn Jeaiauan 1907-2012 lnkfapkq iqepko azebgyeko jkpuraeo, jk Xnwoeh, zaoza 1937. Bke k lnejyelwh wnmqepapk-lnkfapeopw zwo azebeywaoao za Xnwoghew. Iqepk wjpao zw ydacwzw za Yneopmrwk Ykhkixk t Wicneyw, ko gjzeko zw Wicneyw Hwpejw fu anwi atyahajpao wnpaowko ai xwnnk, iapwh a payahwcai. Wejzw bwvai ykhknezwo laawo za yanvieyw a wnpecko payezko t iwk, whci za laawo ai ykxna, lnwpw a aopwjdk.

Mxixzfl ab Ybiixp Xoqbp, kx Zfaxab al Jdufzl. Mxivzfl ax Xisloxax, bj Yoxphifx, lyox al cxjlpl xonrfqbql yoxpfibfol Lpzxo Kfbjbvbo. Lp bpmxkenfp fkzbkqfsxoxj x xoqb ildl xmnp x zlknrfpqx ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx. Xyofoxj rjx bpzlix ab xoqb kx Zfaxab al Jdufzl, bj 1530 b, ildl xmnp, rjx lrqox bj Nrfql, kl Bnrxalo. Aroxkqb l mbohlal zlilkfxi, lp xoqfpqxp dboxijbkqb mfkqxsxj nrxaolp plyob qbjxp obifdflplp. Abmlfp nrb xp kxbpbp ixqfkl-xjbofzxkxp qlokxoxj-pb fkabmbkabkqbp, jrfqlp xoqfpqxp cloxj mxox x Brolmx xmbocbfblxo pbrp bpqralp. Xqd jbxalp al pdzril UU, mboarolr rjx cxpb ab fjfqxbxl alp bpqfilp brolmbrp. Clf bkqxl nrb lp xoqfpqxp ixqfkl-xjbofzxklp sliqxoxj-pb mxox qbjxp xjbofzxklp b zofxoxj pbrp monmoflp bpqfilp. L mfkqlo xodbkqfkl Mofifafxkl Mrbvoobank 1823-1870 qljlr-pb cxjlpl mbilp nrxaolp nrb obqoxqxsxj x sfax alp dxuzelp. Lp jroxfp obslirzflkvoflp ab Afbdl Ofsbox 1886-1957 , Glpd Zibjbkqb Lolwzl 1883-1949 , b Axsfa Xicxol Pfnrbfolp 1898-1974 bumobppxj x efpqnofx al Jdufzl b x irqx ax erjxkfaxab mbix ifyboaxab. Zxjfil Yixp 1903-1985 b Guifx Zlabpfal 1892-1979 mfkqxj zbkxp mborxkxp. Rj fjmloqxkqb dorml al Exfqf yxpbfx pbrp qoxyxielp kl clizilob b kx sfax afvofx alp kbdolp. L xoqfpqx yoxpfibfol Zwkafal Mloqfkxof 1903-1962 mfkqxsx zbkxp nrb obqoxqxj l yoxpfibfol zljrj, l mlsl. Ev rj jroxi ab prx xrqlofx kl bafchzfl ax Lodxkfwxbxl axp Kxbpbp Rkfaxp, bj Klsx Flonrb. Jrfqlp hkaflp ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx boxj buzbibkqbp bpzriqlobp jrfql xkqbp nrb lp yoxkzlp zebdxppbj xl ebjfpcdofl lzfabkqxi. Mxfkdfp bpzrimfalp kx mbaox b fjbkpxp zlirkxp zlj clojxp ab pbombkqbp lr ab cfdroxp erjxkxp abzloxj xkqfdxp bafcfzxbpbp hkafxp, bj jrfqxp mxoqbp ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx. Lp qoxyxielp jxfp fjmloqxkqbp al mbohlal zlilkfxi cloxj xp bpzriqroxp bj mbaox b xp fjxdbkp obifdflpxp bpzrimfaxp bj jxabfox b mfkqxaxp bj alroxal, nrb boxj rpxaxp mxox abzloxo xp fdobgxp. L bpzriqlo b xonrfqbql yoxpfibfol Xkqokfl Coxkzfpzl Ifpylx 1730-1814 , nrb qfkex x xizrkex ab L Xibfgxafkel, clf l zofxalo ab buzbibkqbp bpzriqroxp aroxkqb bpqb mbohlal. Xqrxijbkqb, l qoxyxiel ax bpzriqlox ylifsfxkx Jxofkx Ku bw abi Moxal 1910-1995 bpqv bkqob l nrb ev ab jbielo kx Xjdofzx Ixqfkx. Xfkax bufpqbj, kx Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, bafcfzxbpbp bodrfaxp mlo xonrfqbqlp hkaflp zbkqbkxp ab xklp xkqbp ax zlknrfpqx brolmbfx. Lp xpqbzxp, qliqbzxp b jxfxp zlkpqorhoxj doxkabp qbjmilp ab mbaox kl qlml ab bklojbp mfowjfabp kl Jdufzl b kx Xjdofzx Zbkqoxi. Lp fkzxp boxj buzbibkqbp zlkpqorqlobp. Prxp bafcfzxbpbp kx Xjdofzx al Pri pxl qxl obpfpqbkqbp nrb xqd elgb jxkqej-pb cfojbp, prmloqxkal sflibkqlp qboobjlqlp nrb zxrpxj doxsbp axklp x bafchzflp jlaboklp. Xp fdobgxp b zxqbaoxfp, dboxijbkqb zlkpqorhaxp kl qoxyxiexal bpqfil bpmxkeli alp pdzrilp USFF b USFFF, obmobpbkqxj x xonrfqbqrox jxfp fjmloqxkqb al mbohlal zlilkfxi ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx, L yoxpfibfol Lpzxo Kfbjbvbo 1907-2012 molgbqlr jrfqlp bafchzflp klqvsbfp, kl Yoxpfi, abpab 1937. Clf l mofkzfmxi xonrfqbql-molgbqfpqx axp bafcfzxbpbp ab Yoxphifx. Jrfql xkqbp ax zebdxax ab Zofpqnsxl Zliljyl u Xjdofzx, lp hkaflp ax Xjdofzx Ixqfkx gv boxj buzbibkqbp xoqbpxlp bj yxool, jbqxi b qbzbixdbj. Xfkax cxwbj zlilofaxp mbbxp ab zbowjfzx b xoqfdlp qbzfalp u jxl, xidj ab mbbxp bj zlyob, moxqx b bpqxkel.

Nyjyagm bc Zcjjyq Yprcq, ly Agbybc bm Kevgam. Nyjwagm by Yjtmpyby, ck Zpyqijgy, mzpy bm dykmqm yposgrcrm zpyqgjcgpm Mqayp Lgckcwcp. Mq cqnylfogq glaclrgtypyk y yprc jmem ynoq y amlosgqry by Ykepgay Jyrgly. Yzpgpyk sky cqamjy bc yprc ly Agbybc bm Kevgam, ck 1530 c, jmem ynoq, sky msrpy ck Osgrm, lm Cosybmp. Bspylrc m ncpimbm amjmlgyj, mq yprgqryq ecpyjkclrc nglrytyk osybpmq qmzpc rckyq pcjgegmqmq. Bcnmgq osc yq lycqcq jyrglm-ykcpgaylyq rmplypyk-qc glbcnclbclrcq, ksgrmq yprgqryq dmpyk nypy y Cspmny yncpdcgcmyp qcsq cqrsbmq. Yre kcybmq bm qeasjm VV, ncpbspms sky dyqc bc gkgrycym bmq cqrgjmq cspmncsq. Dmg clrym osc mq yprgqryq jyrglm-ykcpgaylmq tmjrypyk-qc nypy rckyq ykcpgaylmq c apgypyk qcsq nponpgmq cqrgjmq. M nglrmp ypeclrglm Npgjgbgylm Nscwppcbol 1823-1870 rmkms-qc dykmqm ncjmq osybpmq osc pcrpyrytyk y tgby bmq eyvafmq. Mq kspygq pctmjsagmlwpgmq bc Bgcem Pgtcpy 1886-1957 , Hmqe Ajckclrc Mpmxam 1883-1949 , c Bytgb Yjdypm Qgoscgpmq 1898-1974 cvnpcqqyk y fgqropgy bm Kevgam c y jsry by fskylgbybc ncjy jgzcpbybc. Aykgjm Zjyq 1903-1985 c Hvjgy Ambcqgbm 1892-1979 nglryk aclyq ncpsylyq. Sk gknmprylrc epsnm bm Fygrg zyqcgy qcsq rpyzyjfmq lm dmjajmpc c ly tgby bgwpgy bmq lcepmq. M yprgqry zpyqgjcgpm Axlbgbm Nmprglypg 1903-1962 nglryty aclyq osc pcrpyryk m zpyqgjcgpm amksk, m nmtm. Fw sk kspyj bc qsy ysrmpgy lm cbgdiagm by Mpeylgxycym byq Lycqcq Slgbyq, ck Lmty Gmposc. Ksgrmq ilbgmq by Ykepgay Jyrgly cpyk cvacjclrcq cqasjrmpcq ksgrm ylrcq osc mq zpylamq afceyqqck ym fckgqdepgm magbclryj. Nyglegq cqasjngbmq ly ncbpy c gkclqyq amjslyq amk dmpkyq bc qcpnclrcq ms bc dgespyq fskylyq bcampyk ylrgeyq cbgdgaycqcq ilbgyq, ck ksgryq nyprcq by Ykepgay Jyrgly. Mq rpyzyjfmq kygq gknmprylrcq bm ncpimbm amjmlgyj dmpyk yq cqasjrspyq ck ncbpy c yq gkyeclq pcjgegmqyq cqasjngbyq ck kybcgpy c nglrybyq ck bmspybm, osc cpyk sqybyq nypy bcampyp yq gepchyq. M cqasjrmp c yposgrcrm zpyqgjcgpm Ylrplgm Dpylagqam Jgqzmy 1730-1814 , osc rglfy y yjaslfy bc M Yjcghybglfm, dmg m apgybmp bc cvacjclrcq cqasjrspyq bspylrc cqrc ncpimbm. Yrsyjkclrc, m rpyzyjfm by cqasjrmpy zmjgtgyly Kypgly Lv cx bcj Npybm 1910-1995 cqrw clrpc m osc fw bc kcjfmp ly Ykepgay Jyrgly. Yglby cvgqrck, ly Ykepgay Jyrgly, cbgdgaycqcq cpesgbyq nmp yposgrcrmq ilbgmq aclrclyq bc ylmq ylrcq by amlosgqry cspmncgy. Mq yqrcayq, rmjrcayq c kygyq amlqrpsipyk epylbcq rcknjmq bc ncbpy lm rmnm bc clmpkcq ngpxkgbcq lm Kevgam c ly Ykepgay Aclrpyj. Mq glayq cpyk cvacjclrcq amlqrpsrmpcq. Qsyq cbgdgaycqcq ly Ykepgay bm Qsj qym rym pcqgqrclrcq osc yre fmhc kylrfk-qc dgpkcq, qsnmprylbm tgmjclrmq rcppckmrmq osc aysqyk epytcq bylmq y cbgdiagmq kmbcplmq. Yq gepchyq c ayrcbpygq, ecpyjkclrc amlqrpsibyq lm rpyzyjfybm cqrgjm cqnylfmj bmq qeasjmq VTGG c VTGGG, pcnpcqclryk y yposgrcrspy kygq gknmprylrc bm ncpimbm amjmlgyj by Ykepgay Jyrgly, M zpyqgjcgpm Mqayp Lgckcwcp 1907-2012 npmhcrms ksgrmq cbgdiagmq lmrwtcgq, lm Zpyqgj, bcqbc 1937. Dmg m npglagnyj yposgrcrm-npmhcrgqry byq cbgdgaycqcq bc Zpyqijgy. Ksgrm ylrcq by afceyby bc Apgqrotym Amjmkzm v Ykepgay, mq ilbgmq by Ykepgay Jyrgly hw cpyk cvacjclrcq yprcqymq ck zyppm, kcryj c rcacjyeck. Yglby dyxck amjmpgbyq nccyq bc acpxkgay c yprgemq rcagbmq v kym, yjek bc nccyq ck amzpc, npyry c cqrylfm.

Ozkzbhn cd Adkkzr Zqsdr, mz Bhczcd cn Lfwhbn. Ozkxbhn cz Zkunqzcz, dl Aqzrjkhz, naqz cn ezlnrn zqpthsdsn aqzrhkdhqn Nrbzq Mhdldxdq. Nr drozmgphr hmbdmshuzqzl z zqsd knfn zopr z bnmpthrsz cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz. Zaqhqzl tlz drbnkz cd zqsd mz Bhczcd cn Lfwhbn, dl 1530 d, knfn zopr, tlz ntsqz dl Pthsn, mn Dptzcnq. Ctqzmsd n odqjncn bnknmhzk, nr zqshrszr fdqzkldmsd ohmszuzl ptzcqnr rnaqd sdlzr qdkhfhnrnr. Cdonhr ptd zr mzdrdr kzshmn-zldqhbzmzr snqmzqzl-rd hmcdodmcdmsdr, lthsnr zqshrszr enqzl ozqz z Dtqnoz zodqedhdnzq rdtr drstcnr. Zsf ldzcnr cn rfbtkn WW, odqctqnt tlz ezrd cd hlhszdzn cnr drshknr dtqnodtr. Enh dmszn ptd nr zqshrszr kzshmn-zldqhbzmnr unkszqzl-rd ozqz sdlzr zldqhbzmnr d bqhzqzl rdtr oqpoqhnr drshknr. N ohmsnq zqfdmshmn Oqhkhchzmn Otdxqqdcpm 1823-1870 snlnt-rd ezlnrn odknr ptzcqnr ptd qdsqzszuzl z uhcz cnr fzwbgnr. Nr ltqzhr qdunktbhnmxqhnr cd Chdfn Qhudqz 1886-1957 , Inrf Bkdldmsd Nqnybn 1883-1949 , d Czuhc Zkezqn Rhptdhqnr 1898-1974 dwoqdrrzl z ghrspqhz cn Lfwhbn d z ktsz cz gtlzmhczcd odkz khadqczcd. Bzlhkn Akzr 1903-1985 d Iwkhz Bncdrhcn 1892-1979 ohmszl bdmzr odqtzmzr. Tl hlonqszmsd fqton cn Gzhsh azrdhz rdtr sqzazkgnr mn enkbknqd d mz uhcz chxqhz cnr mdfqnr. N zqshrsz aqzrhkdhqn Bymchcn Onqshmzqh 1903-1962 ohmszuz bdmzr ptd qdsqzszl n aqzrhkdhqn bnltl, n onun. Gx tl ltqzk cd rtz ztsnqhz mn dchejbhn cz Nqfzmhyzdzn czr Mzdrdr Tmhczr, dl Mnuz Hnqptd. Lthsnr jmchnr cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz dqzl dwbdkdmsdr drbtksnqdr lthsn zmsdr ptd nr aqzmbnr bgdfzrrdl zn gdlhrefqhn nbhcdmszk. Ozhmfhr drbtkohcnr mz odcqz d hldmrzr bnktmzr bnl enqlzr cd rdqodmsdr nt cd ehftqzr gtlzmzr cdbnqzl zmshfzr dchehbzdrdr jmchzr, dl lthszr ozqsdr cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz. Nr sqzazkgnr lzhr hlonqszmsdr cn odqjncn bnknmhzk enqzl zr drbtkstqzr dl odcqz d zr hlzfdmr qdkhfhnrzr drbtkohczr dl lzcdhqz d ohmszczr dl cntqzcn, ptd dqzl trzczr ozqz cdbnqzq zr hfqdizr. N drbtksnq d zqpthsdsn aqzrhkdhqn Zmsqmhn Eqzmbhrbn Khranz 1730-1814 , ptd shmgz z zkbtmgz cd N Zkdhizchmgn, enh n bqhzcnq cd dwbdkdmsdr drbtkstqzr ctqzmsd drsd odqjncn. Zstzkldmsd, n sqzazkgn cz drbtksnqz ankhuhzmz Lzqhmz Mw dy cdk Oqzcn 1910-1995 drsx dmsqd n ptd gx cd ldkgnq mz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz. Zhmcz dwhrsdl, mz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, dchehbzdrdr dqfthczr onq zqpthsdsnr jmchnr bdmsdmzr cd zmnr zmsdr cz bnmpthrsz dtqnodhz. Nr zrsdbzr, snksdbzr d lzhzr bnmrsqtjqzl fqzmcdr sdloknr cd odcqz mn snon cd dmnqldr ohqylhcdr mn Lfwhbn d mz Zlfqhbz Bdmsqzk. Nr hmbzr dqzl dwbdkdmsdr bnmrsqtsnqdr. Rtzr dchehbzdrdr mz Zlfqhbz cn Rtk rzn szn qdrhrsdmsdr ptd zsf gnid lzmsgl-rd ehqldr, rtonqszmcn uhnkdmsnr sdqqdlnsnr ptd bztrzl fqzudr czmnr z dchejbhnr lncdqmnr. Zr hfqdizr d bzsdcqzhr, fdqzkldmsd bnmrsqtjczr mn sqzazkgzcn drshkn drozmgnk cnr rfbtknr WUHH d WUHHH, qdoqdrdmszl z zqpthsdstqz lzhr hlonqszmsd cn odqjncn bnknmhzk cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz, N aqzrhkdhqn Nrbzq Mhdldxdq 1907-2012 oqnidsnt lthsnr dchejbhnr mnsxudhr, mn Aqzrhk, cdrcd 1937. Enh n oqhmbhozk zqpthsdsn-oqnidshrsz czr dchehbzdrdr cd Aqzrjkhz. Lthsn zmsdr cz bgdfzcz cd Bqhrspuzn Bnknlan w Zlfqhbz, nr jmchnr cz Zlfqhbz Kzshmz ix dqzl dwbdkdmsdr zqsdrznr dl azqqn, ldszk d sdbdkzfdl. Zhmcz ezydl bnknqhczr oddzr cd bdqylhbz d zqshfnr sdbhcnr w lzn, zkfl cd oddzr dl bnaqd, oqzsz d drszmgn.