CAPS_Summaries/Lakewood, CO Green Plan 2015_Summary.md

### Question: Describe the physical and economic landscape of the jurisdiction as outlined in the plan. Include the name of the planning jurisdiction, its location, population, demographics, and average income. Include major geographic features such as mountains, rivers, deserts, and coastline, as well as any key infrastructure like airports or seaports. Highlight details about the local climate, including any mentions of aridity or water challenges. Additionally, summarize the city’s energy production (oil, gas, renewables) and natural resources, and provide information about industries and economic drivers that are crucial to the region.
**Answer:**
**Planning Jurisdiction:** City of Lakewood

**Location:** Lakewood, Colorado

**Population and Employment Projections:**
- "Lakewood’s population is expected to increase by almost 25 percent and employment by over 30 percent." (*Sustainable Economy*)

**Economic Landscape:**
- Lakewood aims to "cultivate a sustainable, prosperous, and self-reliant local economy" by fostering "self-sufficiency and upward mobility of Lakewood households." (*Sustainable Economy Goals*)

**Key Industries and Economic Drivers:**
- The city's economic strategy includes connecting existing and new businesses to resources to "meet the demand for sustainable business practices." There is a focus on creating a "sustainable, prosperous, and self-reliant local economy." (*Sustainable Economy*)
- The business community in Lakewood is encouraged to adopt a "triple-bottom-line business model that measures how well an organization affects profit, people, and the planet." (*Sustainable Economy*)

**Local Climate and Water Challenges:**
- The plan discusses future climate challenges, highlighting that "future warming is projected to cause early snowmelt and runoff" which will "increase water demand for irrigation of crops, landscaping, and natural vegetation." This is expected to "increase the concentration of pollutants flowing through our water." (*Energy, Water, and the Built Environment*)

**Energy Production and Natural Resources:**
- The city emphasizes transitioning to renewable energy sources, with targets to "generate 45 percent of municipal, residential, and commercial and industrial energy from renewable sources by 2025." (*Energy, Water, and the Built Environment Goals*)
- The energy mix from the Public Service Company of Colorado (Xcel) includes 56% coal, 21.6% natural gas, 19.3% wind, 1.9% hydroelectric, 1.1% solar, and 0.1% other sources. (*Energy, Water, and the Built Environment*)

**Demographics and Average Income:**
- While specific demographic and average income details are not provided in the provided excerpts, the plan includes targets to "increase the number of households above Living Wage Standard by 15 percent by 2025." (*Sustainable Economy Targets*)

**Key Infrastructure:**
- Specific key infrastructure such as airports or seaports is not mentioned in the provided excerpts.

**Geographic Features:**
- Specific geographic features such as mountains, rivers, deserts, or coastline are not detailed in the provided excerpts. 

**Summary:**
The City of Lakewood is focused on creating a sustainable and resilient local economy by increasing renewable energy usage and enhancing resource efficiency. It is preparing for climate challenges, particularly regarding water demand and quality, and aims to foster a sustainable economic environment through strategic business practices and community engagement. The economic strategy is centered on a triple-bottom-line approach, emphasizing profit, people, and the planet.

### Question: To what extent does the plan address resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? After providing a brief summary of how it addresses each component, classify the plan as a whole as one of the following: mitigation dedicated, adaptation/resilience dedicated, mitigation only climate action plan, mitigation primary climate action plan, equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan, or sustainable/green plan.
**Answer:**
**Resilience:**

The plan emphasizes resilience by highlighting the need for cities to lead in mitigation efforts and by preparing for future climate variability. It states, "Action today will lead to a more resilient tomorrow" and notes that "cities are uniquely positioned to facilitate policy changes and bottom-up initiatives, leading to immediate results" (Chapter 01). The plan also includes strategies like expanding emergency preparedness plans and upgrading infrastructure to minimize vulnerability (CCA1-D).

**Mitigation:**

The plan includes clear mitigation goals, such as reducing communitywide greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent below 2007 levels by 2025 and by 50 percent by 2050 (Chapter 01). It also discusses the importance of cities in reducing GHG emissions, stating, "cities, which account for more than half of global GHG emissions and two-thirds of energy production, to lead the way in mitigation efforts" (Mitigation Section).

**Adaptation:**

Adaptation is addressed through the development of a climate preparedness plan and the necessity of local strategies to handle climate impacts. The plan recognizes the need for climate vulnerability assessments to identify specific risks and vulnerabilities (Adaptation Section). It includes adaptation strategies like developing economic, social, and natural resource management policies to address vulnerabilities (CCA1-D).

**Classification:**

The plan can be classified as an **equal mitigation and adaptation climate action plan**. It addresses both mitigation and adaptation with specific goals, targets, and strategies for reducing GHG emissions and preparing for climate change impacts, reflecting a balanced approach to both components.

### Question: Does the plan describe a scenario of climate change the planning jurisdiction will face and for which it is planning climate policies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation? If so, please summarize any such scenario.
**Answer:**
Yes, the plan describes potential scenarios of climate change that the City of Lakewood might face. It outlines anticipated changes and their impacts, including:

- **Drought and Water Supply Issues:** "Drought, reduced snowpack, strained water supply, disaster recovery costs, and other impacts are already influencing municipal operations and household economies." (Chapter 01, Climate Change and Adaptation)

- **Temperature Increases:** "Even if all GHG emission from human activity ceased, global temperatures are still expected to rise by 0.5 F over the next few decades. In Colorado, moderate to aggressive efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions would still lead to increased average annual temperatures of 2.5 F by 2025 and 4 F by 2050." (Chapter 01, Climate Change and Adaptation)

- **Flooding and Infrastructure Damage:** "Floods in the U.S. caused 4,586 deaths, and in September 2013 flooding in Colorado resulted in an estimated 2,000 damaged or destroyed homes." (Chapter 01, Climate Change and Adaptation)

- **Impacts on Human and Ecosystem Health:** "Existing health risks, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, mental health, and stress-related disorders are all amplified by extreme weather, air pollution, and altered infectious disease transmission cycles." (Chapter 01, Climate Change and Adaptation)

The plan emphasizes the importance of preparing for these potential scenarios and implementing strategies for resilience, mitigation, and adaptation.

### Question: What climate hazards does the plan identify as presenting climate risks for the planning jurisdiction? For each identified climate hazard, summarize the plan’s description of: 1. The climate hazard. 2. The climate risks it poses to the planning jurisdiction. 3. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.Generate a numbered list of every hazard identified in the plan. Make the list as long as necessary to accomodate every single hazard.
**Answer:**
**1. Drought**

- **Climate Hazard:** "Drought and subsequently reduced groundwater, combined with changing precipitation patterns and earlier spring snowmelt, all affect water supply."
- **Climate Risks:** "Strained water supplies affect our ability to meet consumption demands of cities and agriculture, significantly influencing our economy, water quality, and ecological health."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Not specifically mentioned in the provided text, but it indicates an impact on cities, agriculture, and ecological health.

**2. Reduced Snowpack**

- **Climate Hazard:** Reduced snowpack as a result of climate change.
- **Climate Risks:** Contributes to strained water supplies, affecting consumption demands and ecological health, as mentioned in conjunction with drought.
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Not specifically mentioned, but would likely affect areas dependent on snowmelt for water supply.

**3. Extreme Weather Events**

- **Climate Hazard:** "The most common way people experience climate change is through extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, hurricanes, heavy downpours, and floods."
- **Climate Risks:** "The intensity, frequency, and duration of heat waves have increased... contribute to droughts and wildfires... Heavy precipitation events and floods are also increasing... affecting agriculture and property."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Not specifically mentioned, but historical data indicates impacts on agriculture and property.

**4. Flooding**

- **Climate Hazard:** "Heavy precipitation events and floods are also increasing and are projected to intensify in the coming decades."
- **Climate Risks:** "Between 1959 and 2005, floods in the U.S. caused 4,586 deaths, and in September 2013 flooding in Colorado resulted in an estimated 2,000 damaged or destroyed homes."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Areas prone to flooding, particularly those with significant infrastructure and housing.

**5. Water Supply Issues**

- **Climate Hazard:** "Strained water supplies affect our ability to meet consumption demands of cities and agriculture."
- **Climate Risks:** "Significantly influencing our economy, water quality, and ecological health."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Cities and agricultural areas reliant on current water supply conditions.

**6. Human and Ecosystem Health Risks**

- **Climate Hazard:** "Existing health risks, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, mental health, and stress-related disorders are all amplified by extreme weather, air pollution, and altered infectious disease transmission cycles."
- **Climate Risks:** "Vulnerable populations, such as children, older adults, low-income groups, and those with chronic illnesses, will disproportionately suffer from the added stresses of climate change impacts."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** "Vulnerable populations, such as children, older adults, low-income groups, and those with chronic illnesses."

**7. Sea Level Rise**

- **Climate Hazard:** "The rise in sea level due to warming ocean temperatures, which causes water to expand, and from melting sea ice."
- **Climate Risks:** "The potential impacts of rising sea levels along with rising high tides and storm surges are far reaching and include impacts to infrastructure, local and national economies, personal property loss, and population displacement."
- **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Not specifically mentioned for Lakewood, but generally affects coastal areas.

### Question: What resilience options are identified in the plan? For each option, summarize: 1. The specific climate threat it addresses; 2. Details on cost, timeframe, and location, including any references found in tables, charts, or images that might contain this data; 3. Other important attributes, such as economic, environmental, or infrastructural considerations.
**Answer:**
**Resilience Options Identified in the Plan:**

1. **Stormwater Management and Flood Control (NS2-A):**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This strategy aims to address threats related to stormwater management and flood control. It is specifically designed to increase the capacity of Lakewood’s landscape to manage stormwater and protect water quality.

   - **Cost, Timeframe, and Location Details:**
     - The upfront cost is indicated as $$$$, which signifies costs greater than $1,000,000.
     - Ongoing costs are not specified, but there is a focus on the **financial benefit for residents** and **businesses** with a potential for financial benefit from the strategy.

   - **Other Important Attributes:**
     - **Economic Benefits:** There is potential for economic benefits through payback or revenue streams, though specifics are not provided.
     - **Environmental Benefits:** This strategy offers environmental benefits by promoting green infrastructure like green roofs, rain gardens, and bioswales.
     - **Infrastructural Considerations:** It includes developing requirements, resources, and incentives to promote sustainable stormwater management practices, exploring utility fee structures, and identifying funding mechanisms for flood plain and floodway property acquisition.

2. **Cooling and Carbon Sequestration (NS2-B):**

   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This strategy addresses the need for cooling and carbon sequestration to combat climate impacts.

   - **Cost, Timeframe, and Location Details:**
     - The upfront cost is indicated as $$$, representing a range of $100,000–1,000,000.
     - The potential for financial benefit is marked as **High** for **GHG reduction potential** and **Medium** for **Ecosystem Health**.

   - **Other Important Attributes:**
     - **Environmental Benefits:** This strategy has a high potential for GHG reduction and medium benefits for ecosystem health.
     - **Social Benefits:** It contributes to public health, community cohesion, and household benefits.
     - **Economic Considerations:** There are financial benefits for residents and businesses, emphasizing self-reliance and community cohesion.

**General Summary:**

The plan outlines resilience options focusing on infrastructure improvements and environmental sustainability, with significant upfront costs and varying levels of ongoing benefits. These strategies are designed to enhance the city’s ability to manage climate-related impacts, particularly those associated with stormwater and carbon emissions, while fostering economic and social resilience within the community.

### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timing, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
The plan identifies several mitigation options, each with specific attributes related to cost, timing, location, and other important factors. Below are the details for each option:

### **1. Renewable Energy Transmission and Generation**
- **Cost:** $$ (50,000–100,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

### **2. District-Scale Sustainability**
- **Cost:** $$$$ (>1,000,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Includes GHG reduction potential.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Includes potential public health benefits and community cohesion.

### **3. Sustainable Energy and Water Resource Center**
- **Cost:** $ (<50,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

### **4. Municipal Renewable Energy Generation**
- **Cost:** $$$$ (>1,000,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Potential for GHG reduction.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

### **5. LEED Standards for Municipal Buildings**
- **Cost:** $$ (50,000–100,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Includes GHG reduction potential.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

### **6. Green Building Construction and Retrofits**
- **Cost:** $$ (50,000–100,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Includes GHG reduction potential.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

### **7. Sustainable Site Planning and Development**
- **Cost:** $ (<50,000)
- **Location:** City of Lakewood Community
- **Environmental Benefits:** Includes GHG reduction potential.
- **Economic Benefits:** Not specified as high.
- **Social Benefits:** Not specified as high.

For each of these options, the potential for GHG reduction is a common attribute, although the specific degree of reduction is not quantified in detail. The economic and social benefits are generally not highlighted as high, indicating potential areas for further development or emphasis. The cost ranges provided give an indication of the financial investment required for each strategy.

### Question: What mitigation options does the plan identify? For each identified mitigation option, summarize the information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
**Mitigation Options Identified in the Plan:**

1. **Stormwater Management and Flood Control**
   - **Cost:** $$$$ (Greater than $1,000,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This strategy is part of the natural systems approach to reduce GHG emissions and improve ecosystem health. The plan emphasizes its environmental benefits without detailing specific locations or timelines. (Section: Strategy NS2-A)

2. **Cooling and Carbon Sequestration**
   - **Cost:** $$$ (Between $100,000 and $1,000,000)
   - **Timeframe:** High potential for GHG reduction
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This strategy focuses on cooling urban areas and capturing carbon to mitigate climate impacts. It is noted for its high GHG reduction potential and medium ecosystem health benefits. (Section: Strategy NS2-B)

3. **Renewable Energy Transmission and Generation**
   - **Cost:** $ (Less than $50,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This strategy addresses energy-related GHG emissions by focusing on renewable energy sources. It is highlighted for its potential benefits to household and community cohesion. (Section: Strategy BE1-A)

4. **District-Scale Sustainability**
   - **Cost:** $$$$ (Greater than $1,000,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** The strategy aims to implement sustainability at a district level, emphasizing comprehensive environmental, economic, and social benefits. (Section: Strategy BE1-B)

5. **Sustainable Energy and Water Resource Center**
   - **Cost:** $ (Less than $50,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This option focuses on creating centers to enhance sustainable energy and water resource management. It is considered for its household benefits and public health. (Section: Strategy BE1-C)

6. **Municipal Renewable Energy Generation**
   - **Cost:** $$$$ (Greater than $1,000,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This strategy targets municipal operations to generate renewable energy, aiming for significant GHG reductions and public health improvements. (Section: Strategy BE1-D)

7. **Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Street Maintenance Operations**
   - **Cost:** $ (Less than $50,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** The strategy focuses on improving street maintenance to be more environmentally friendly, with potential benefits for self-reliance and community cohesion. (Section: Strategy T1-A)

8. **Street and Signal Lights**
   - **Cost:** $$$$ (Greater than $1,000,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This strategy involves upgrading street and signal lights to be more energy-efficient, contributing to GHG reduction and public health. (Section: Strategy T1-C)

9. **Sustainable Street Repair and Construction**
   - **Cost:** $ (Less than $50,000)
   - **Timeframe:** Not specified
   - **Location:** Not specified
   - **Attributes:** This option targets street repair and construction practices, focusing on sustainability and potential benefits for ecosystem health. (Section: Strategy T1-D)

10. **LEED Standards for Municipal Buildings**
    - **Cost:** $$ (Between $50,000 and $100,000)
    - **Timeframe:** Not specified
    - **Location:** Not specified
    - **Attributes:** The strategy emphasizes adopting LEED standards for municipal buildings to reduce GHG emissions and improve ecosystem health. (Section: Strategy BE3-A)

11. **Green Building Construction and Retrofits**
    - **Cost:** $$ (Between $50,000 and $100,000)
    - **Timeframe:** Not specified
    - **Location:** Not specified
    - **Attributes:** This strategy involves constructing and retrofitting buildings to be more sustainable, focusing on ecosystem health and public health benefits. (Section: Strategy BE3-B)

12. **Sustainable Site Planning and Development**
    - **Cost:** $ (Less than $50,000)
    - **Timeframe:** Not specified
    - **Location:** Not specified
    - **Attributes:** This strategy aims to enhance site planning and development practices to support GHG reduction and ecosystem health. (Section: Strategy BE3-C)

**Note:** The plan provides limited information on the timeframe and specific locations for these strategies. The costs are categorized using a dollar symbol system, and attributes emphasize potential environmental, economic, and social benefits.

### Question: What adaptation options does the plan identify? For each identified adaptation option, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Information provided in the plan regarding cost, timeframe, location, and other important attributes.
**Answer:**
**Adaptation Options Identified in the Plan**

1. **Stormwater Management and Flood Control (NS2-A)**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option addresses the threat of flooding, which can lead to death and damage to property. "Floods in the U.S. caused 4,586 deaths between 1959 and 2005, and in September 2013, flooding in Colorado resulted in an estimated 2,000 damaged or destroyed homes." (*NATURAL SYSTEMS06*)
   - **Cost, Timeframe, Location, and Attributes:**
     - **Cost:** The upfront costs associated with this strategy are noted as "$$$$," indicating costs greater than $1,000,000. 
     - **Attributes:** The plan mentions the environmental, economic, and social benefits in terms of GHG reduction potential, ecosystem health, self-reliance, household benefits, community cohesion, and public health. (*NATURAL SYSTEMS06*)

2. **Cooling and Carbon Sequestration (NS2-B)**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This option targets heat and carbon emissions. "Extreme heat, large wildfires, flooding, and drought" are noted as climate impacts. Additionally, the capacity of natural landscapes to store carbon is highlighted. (*NATURAL SYSTEMS06*)
   - **Cost, Timeframe, Location, and Attributes:**
     - **Cost:** The upfront costs associated with this strategy are noted as "$$$," indicating costs between $100,000 and $1,000,000. 
     - **Attributes:** This option is noted for its high environmental benefits, medium economic benefits, and low social benefits. The option also offers "high" potential for GHG reduction and supports ecosystem health. (*NATURAL SYSTEMS06*)

These adaptation options are designed to address specific climate threats while considering potential benefits and costs, thereby aiding in prioritization for implementation.

### Question: What climate policies does the plan identify to advance climate justice? For each climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. Areas or populations with the most climate vulnerability to the identified climate hazard.
**Answer:**
The plan does not explicitly label specific climate policies as addressing climate justice directly. However, it implies the importance of addressing climate vulnerabilities and ensuring equitable outcomes through its broader goals and strategies.

### Implicit Climate Policies Related to Climate Justice

**1. Climate Preparedness Plan**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This policy addresses multiple climate threats, including extreme weather events, strained water supplies, and public health risks.
   - **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** Vulnerable populations such as children, older adults, low-income groups, and those with chronic illnesses are mentioned as disproportionately affected by climate change impacts like extreme weather and air pollution. 
   - *"Vulnerable populations, such as children, older adults, low-income groups, and those with chronic illnesses, will disproportionately suffer from the added stresses of climate change impacts."* (Chapter: Climate Change and Adaptation)

**2. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment**
   - **Climate Threat Addressed:** This assessment aims to identify potential changes and threats to Lakewood’s climate, including infrastructure and public safety vulnerabilities.
   - **Vulnerable Areas/Populations:** The assessment seeks to identify vulnerabilities and impacts on infrastructure, natural resources, ecosystems, public safety, economic well-being, and the overall resiliency of the population.
   - *"Identify vulnerabilities and potential impacts of each scenario on Lakewood’s infrastructure, natural resources, ecosystems, public safety, economic well-being, population, and overall resiliency."* (Chapter: Implementation Strategies)

These policies, while not directly labeled as climate justice initiatives, highlight the plan's focus on understanding and addressing vulnerabilities across various areas and populations, which aligns with the principles of climate justice.

### Question: Identify any potential unforeseen maladaptive climate policies. For each identified climate policy, summarize: 1. The climate threat it is addressing. 2. The resilience, mitigation, or adaptation option that the climate policy proposes. 3. Why it may cause inadvertent maladaption.
**Answer:**
Based on the provided document, no specific climate policies are explicitly identified as potentially leading to maladaptation. The plan focuses on climate adaptation, mitigation, and resilience strategies, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. However, there are some general points to consider that could potentially lead to maladaptation if not carefully implemented:

1. **Policy: Intensifying Urban Vegetation for Cooling and Carbon Sequestration**
   - **Climate Threat:** This policy addresses the threat of increased urban temperatures and excess atmospheric carbon.
   - **Option:** The plan proposes the use of "green infrastructure" such as increasing urban vegetation and trees, which "saves residences $21.8 million in cooling costs each year" and helps "store 13 pounds of carbon each year" (CLIMATE ADAPTATION section).
   - **Potential Maladaptation:** While urban vegetation can help mitigate heat and sequester carbon, it may inadvertently lead to maladaptation if water resources are strained by increased irrigation demands, especially in drought-prone areas like Colorado. This could exacerbate water scarcity issues rather than alleviate them.

2. **Policy: Upgrading Infrastructure and Standards to Minimize Vulnerability**
   - **Climate Threat:** This policy targets vulnerabilities in infrastructure to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events.
   - **Option:** The plan suggests "upgrading existing infrastructure and update standards to minimize vulnerability" (CCA1-D CLIMATE PREPAREDNESS PLAN).
   - **Potential Maladaptation:** If the infrastructure upgrades do not consider future climate scenarios accurately, there is a risk that the upgraded infrastructure might not withstand future climate conditions, leading to sunk costs and increased vulnerability.

Given these considerations, it is crucial for the planning jurisdiction to monitor the effectiveness of these strategies carefully and remain flexible to adapt them as new information and technologies become available, to avoid maladaptive outcomes.

### Question: In what ways does the plan measure the success or failure of each adaptation, resilience, and mitigation option? List any specific metrics used, such as reductions in CO2 emissions, improvements in air quality, or other quantifiable impacts. Identify the exact units (e.g., tons, percentages, index values) mentioned in the plan for tracking these outcomes. Additionally, outline any concrete goals or targets set for each option, including deadlines or specific numerical objectives.
**Answer:**
**Metrics and Measurements for Adaptation, Resilience, and Mitigation Options**

1. **Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduction:**
   - **Measure:** Reduction in GHG emissions.
   - **Units:** Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e).
   - **Targets:**
     - *Communitywide GHG emissions:* 
       - Reduce by 20% below 2017 levels by 2025.
       - Reduce by 50% below 2007 levels by 2050.
     - *Municipal GHG emissions:* 
       - Reduce annually through 2025.
   - **Citation:** *"Reduce communitywide greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent below 2007 levels by 2025."* (CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION01)

2. **Social Cost of Carbon (SCC):**
   - **Measure:** Economic damages associated with CO2 emissions.
   - **Units:** Dollars per metric ton of CO2.
   - **Value:** $38 per metric ton (with a potential higher value of $109 for severe impacts).
   - **Citation:** *"The SCC for 2015 is $38 per metric ton of CO2."* (CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION01)

3. **Benefit Factor Rankings:**
   - **Categories:** Environmental, Economic, and Social benefits.
   - **Factors Assessed:**
     - Environmental: GHG Reduction Potential, Ecosystem Health.
     - Economic: Self-Reliance, Household Benefits.
     - Social: Community Cohesion, Public Health.
   - **Ranking Method:** 
     - Low, Medium, High based on the number of objectives supported.
   - **Citation:** *"ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS...GAS REDUCTION POTENTIAL: The potential to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases."* (Strategy Benefits Assessment)

4. **Indicators:**
   - **Measure:** Measurable pieces of information that demonstrate trends toward achieving goals.
   - **Citation:** *"Indicators are measurable pieces of information that demonstrate whether or not we are trending in the right direction."* (Zero Waste)

5. **Implementation Strategies:**
   - **Strategies Include:** 
     - Regular updates to greenhouse gas emissions inventory.
     - Developing tools and standards for tracking emissions.
     - Prioritizing and implementing emission reduction strategies.
   - **Citation:** *"Regularly monitor Lakewood’s greenhouse gas emissions."* (Implementation Strategies CCA1-A)

**Concrete Goals and Targets:**

- **Reduction of GHG Emissions:**
  - Communitywide reduction by 20% below 2017 levels by 2025.
  - Communitywide reduction by 50% below 2007 levels by 2050.
  - Municipal reduction annually through 2025.
  - **Citation:** *"Reduce communitywide greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent below 2007 levels by 2025."* (CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION01)

- **Adaptation and Preparedness:**
  - Develop a climate preparedness plan.
  - Upgrade infrastructure and update standards.
  - Incorporate climate change preparedness into municipal operations.
  - **Citation:** *"Expand existing emergency preparedness plans to encompass the full range of climate-related risks that could lead to emergencies."* (CCA1-D CLIMATE PREPAREDNESS PLAN)

These metrics and goals provide a framework for measuring the outcomes of the adaptation, resilience, and mitigation strategies detailed in the plan.

### Question: Generate a table that summarizes the following features from the document: Location/City Name, Population, Threats Identified, Measures Identified
**Answer:**
Based on the content provided, the document does not explicitly mention the location/city name or population. Therefore, I cannot provide those details. However, I can summarize the threats and measures identified in the document:

| **Feature**          | **Description**                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
|----------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **Threats Identified** | - Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change (Chapter 1: CCA1)                                                                                                                                                                         |
| **Measures Identified** | - Affordable and renewable energy (Chapter 2: BE1) <br> - Resource-efficient buildings (Chapter 2: BE2) <br> - Green buildings (Chapter 2: BE3) <br> - Local self-reliance (Chapter 3: SE1) <br> - Culture of zero waste (Chapter 4: ZW1) |

Please consult the document for more detailed or specific information regarding the location, population, or additional threats and measures.