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A_View_to_a_Kill_(The_Vampire_Diaries) | `` A View to a Kill '' is the twelfth episode of Season Four of The Vampire Diaries , premiering January 31 , 2013 on The CW . |
Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress | The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry . The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven , Street Angel , and Sunrise . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . In the first three years of the awards , actresses were nominated as the best in their categories . At that time , all of their work during the qualifying period ( as many as three films , in some cases ) was listed after the award . However , during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930 , only one of those films was cited in each winner 's final award , even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots . The following year , this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a specific performance in a single film . Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937 , the category was officially limited to five nominations per year . One actress has been nominated posthumously , Jeanne Eagels . Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category . Elizabeth I of England ( two times by Cate Blanchett ) , Leslie Crosbie in The Letter , and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born . Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting ; they are Greta Garbo , Barbara Stanwyck , Mary Pickford , Deborah Kerr , Gena Rowlands , and Sophia Loren . Since its inception , the award has been given to 74 actresses . Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category , with four Oscars . Meryl Streep , who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations ( three wins ) , has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions , resulting in two awards . As of the 2017 ceremony , Emma Stone is the most recent winner in this category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land . |
Admiral_(Canada) | The rank of admiral in Canada is typically held by only one officer whose position is Chief of the Defence Staff and the senior uniformed officer of the Canadian Forces . It is equivalent to the army and air force rank of general . The last naval officer to hold this position was Vice-Admiral Larry Murray , who held it on a temporary basis . The last naval officer to hold the rank of admiral and the position of Chief of the Defence Staff was Admiral John Rogers Anderson . Prince Philip holds the rank in an honorary capacity . On May 5 , 2010 , the Canadian naval uniform dark dress tunic was adjusted , removing exterior epaulettes and ` reverting ' to the sleeve-ring and `` executive curl '' rank insignia used by a majority of navies throughout the world . This means that a Canadian admiral 's dress tunic no longer bears a single broad stripe on the sleeve , with epaulettes on the shoulders , as was the case since unification ( 1968 ) , but has a broad stripe plus three sleeve rings , without any epaulettes on the exterior of the tunic ( cloth rank slip-ons are still worn on the uniform shirt underneath the tunic ) . |
A_Game_of_Thrones_(board_game) | A Game of Thrones is a strategy board game created by Christian T. Petersen and released by Fantasy Flight Games in 2003 . The game is based on the A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series by George R. R. Martin . It was followed in 2004 by the expansion A Clash of Kings , and in 2006 by the expansion A Storm of Swords . A Game of Thrones allows the players to take on the roles of several of the Great Houses vying for control of the Seven Kingdoms , including House Stark , House Lannister , House Baratheon , House Greyjoy , House Tyrell , and as of the expansion A Clash of Kings , House Martell . Players maneuver armies to secure support in the various regions that comprise the Seven Kingdoms , with the goal of capturing enough support to claim the Iron Throne . The basic gameplay mechanics are reminiscent of Diplomacy , especially in the order-giving process , though A Game of Thrones is significantly more complicated overall . In 2004 , A Game of Thrones won three Origins Awards for Best Traditional Board Game , Best Board Game , and Best Board Game Design for the year 2003 . A second edition of the game was released in 2011 . |
Aerospace_Walk_of_Honor | The Aerospace Walk of Honor in Lancaster , California , USA , honors test pilots who have contributed to aviation and space research and development . The Aerospace Walk of Honor awards were established in 1990 by the City of Lancaster `` to recognize the important contributions of unique and talented aviators who soared above the rest . '' Lancaster is located in the Antelope Valley , near four flight test facilities : US Air Force Plant 42 , Edwards AFB , Mojave Spaceport and Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake . The walk of honor is located on Lancaster Boulevard between Sierra Highway to the east and 10th Street West and is anchored by Boeing Plaza , which has a restored F-4 Phantom II on display . Honorees are memorialized with granite monuments located along Lancaster Boulevard . Test pilots who receive awards are inducted annually in late summer . The Walk of Honor monuments and activities are funded by several aerospace companies , including Boeing , Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman , all of which perform flight test operations in the Antelope Valley . |
Ada_Bojana | Ada Bojana ( -LSB- ǎːda bɔ̌jana -RSB- ; is an island in the Ulcinj Municipality in Montenegro . The name Ada means river island in Montenegrin . The island is created by a river delta of the Bojana River . Legend says it was formed by gathering river sand around a ship sunk at the mouth of Bojana river , but it is more likely to be a delta in formation . It is located on the southernmost tip of Montenegro , with only the Bojana river separating it from Pulaj and Velipojë in the Albanian territory . The island is of triangular shape , bordered from two sides by the Bojana river , and by the Adriatic Sea from the south-west . It has an area of 4.8 square km . It is a popular tourist destination , with 3 km long sandy beach with traditional seafood restaurants . Ada Bojana is one of the premier kitesurfing and windsurfing locations on the Adriatic Coast with strong cross onshore winds during summer afternoons . Ada Bojana 's main income is from Camping The New York Times included Ada Bojana and Montenegro 's South Coast ( including Velika Plaža and Hotel Mediteran ) in a ranking of top travel destinations for 2010 - `` Top Places to Go in 2010 '' . |
Adult | Biologically , an adult is a human or other organism that has reached sexual maturity . In human context , the term adult additionally has meanings associated with social and legal concepts . In contrast to a `` minor '' , a legal adult is a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent , self-sufficient , and responsible . Human adulthood encompasses psychological adult development . Definitions of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory ; a person may be biologically an adult , and have adult behavior but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority . Conversely , one may legally be an adult but possess none of the maturity and responsibility that may define an adult character . In different cultures there are events that relate passing from being a child to becoming an adult or coming of age . This often encompasses the passing a series of tests to demonstrate that a person is prepared for adulthood , or reaching a specified age , sometimes in conjunction with demonstrating preparation . Most modern societies determine legal adulthood based on reaching a legally specified age without requiring a demonstration of physical maturity or preparation for adulthood . |
A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_Roleplaying | A Song of Ice and Fire Roleplaying is a role-playing game published by Green Ronin Publishing in 2009 . |
A_Musical_Affair | A Musical Affair is the sixth studio album by the classical crossover group Il Divo . Il Divo is a group of four male singers : French pop singer Sébastien Izambard , Spanish baritone Carlos Marín , American tenor David Miller , and Swiss tenor Urs Bühler . The album was released on November 5 , 2013 , and has the participation of singers such as Barbra Streisand , Nicole Scherzinger , Kristin Chenoweth and Michael Ball , among others . The album 's songs are compiled from famous plays and musicals including The Lion King , The Phantom of the Opera , Les Misérables and Cats , among others . The French version of the album A Musical Affair which was published on November 24 , 2014 , includes duets with French singers ; the songs are sung partially or entirely in French . |
Admiral_of_the_fleet_(Australia) | Admiral of the fleet ( AF ) is the highest rank in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , but is a ceremonial , not active or operational , rank . It equates to the rank code O-11 . Equivalent ranks in the other services are field marshal and marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force . Like those ranks , admiral of the fleet is a five-star rank . The subordinate naval rank , and highest active rank in the RAN , is admiral . This rank is only held when the Chief of the Defence Force is a naval officer . The highest permanent rank in the RAN is vice admiral , held by the Chief of Navy . |
Academy_of_Canadian_Cinema_and_Television_Award_for_Best_Comedy_Series | The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Comedy Series . Formerly presented as part of the Gemini Awards program , since 2013 the award has been presented as part of the expanded Canadian Screen Awards . |
Acid_Rap | Acid Rap is the second official mixtape by American rapper Chance the Rapper . It was released on April 30 , 2013 , as a free digital download . In July 2013 , the album debuted at number 63 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , due to bootleg downloads on iTunes and Amazon not affiliated with the artist . The mixtape has been certified `` diamond '' on mixtape site Datpiff , for garnering over 1,000,000 downloads . |
Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture | The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929 , by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot . The actors or actresses in the film will not accept this award unless he or she produced the film . Best Picture is considered the premier award of the Academy Awards , as it represents all the directing , acting , music composing , writing , editing , and other efforts put forth into a film production . Since 1973 , it is the final award presented at the ceremony and a drum roll was used when the winner is announced . The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles , where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002 , showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award 's inception . As of 2017 , there have been 537 films nominated for Best Picture . |
Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Feature | The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects . |
Aesop_Rock | Ian Matthias Bavitz ( born June 5 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Aesop Rock , is an American hip hop recording artist and producer residing in Portland , Oregon . He was at the forefront of the new wave of underground and alternative hip hop acts that emerged during the late 1990s and early 2000s . He was signed to El-P 's Definitive Jux label until it went on hiatus in 2010 . betterPropaganda ranked him at number 19 at the Top 100 Artists of the Decade . He is a member of the groups The Weathermen , Hail Mary Mallon ( with Rob Sonic & DJ Big Wiz ) , The Uncluded ( with Kimya Dawson ) and Two of Every Animal ( with Cage ) . Regarding his name , he said : `` I acquired the name Aesop from a movie I had acted in with some friends . It was my character 's name and it sort of stuck . The rock part came later just from throwing it in rhymes . '' |
50th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards | The 50th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , September 13 , 1998 . It was broadcast on NBC . When Frasier was announced as the winner of Outstanding Comedy Series , Emmy history was made . The NBC sitcom became the first show to win one of the two main series prizes five consecutive years . This record has since been passed by The Daily Show with Jon Stewart , whose current winning streak is ten years , but for the main two genres , it was not matched until 2014 , when the ABC sitcom Modern Family won its fifth consecutive award for Outstanding Comedy Series . The Practice won Outstanding Drama Series and tied for the most major wins overall with three . For the second straight year , medical drama ER came into the night as the most nominated program , but once again walked away empty handed , going 0/9 in major categories . Ally McBeal became the first hour-long series to be nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series since Love , American Style in 1971 . This year saw the Emmys move to a new venue , the Shrine Auditorium , marking the return of the award ceremony to Los Angeles for the first time since the 1976 Emmy Awards , following a 20-year residency at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium outside L.A. in Pasadena . |
7th_century | The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era . The Muslim conquests began with the unification of Arabia by Muhammad starting in 622 . After Muhammad 's death in 632 , Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun Caliphate ( 632 -- 661 ) and the Umayyad Caliphate ( 661 -- 750 ) . The Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century led to the downfall of the Sassanid Empire . Also conquered during the 7th century were Syria , Palestine , Armenia , Egypt , and North Africa . The Byzantine Empire continued suffering setbacks during the rapid expansion of the Arab Empire . In the Iberian Peninsula , the 7th century was the Siglo de Concilios , that is , century of councils , referring to the Councils of Toledo . Harsha united Northern India , which had reverted to small republics and states after the fall of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century . In China , the Sui dynasty was replaced by the Tang dynasty , which set up its military bases from Korea to Central Asia , and was next to the Arabian later . China began to reach its height . Silla allied itself with the Tang Dynasty , subjugating Baekje and defeating Goguryeo to unite the Korean Peninsula under one ruler . The Asuka period persisted in Japan throughout the 7th century . |
Age_regression_in_therapy | Age regression in therapy is an increased access to childhood memories , thoughts and feelings as a part of a psychotherapeutic process . Age regression is an aspect of a number of psychotherapies . In hypnotherapy the term describes a process in which the patient moves their focus to memories of an earlier stage of life in order to explore these memories or to get in touch with some difficult-to-access aspects of their personality . Age progression is sometimes employed in hypnotherapy as well , making the patient project themselves forward , imagining a desired outcome or the consequences of their current destructive behavior . Age regression for the purpose of ` recovering ' memories has become quite controversial inside and outside the therapeutic community , with many cases involving claimed child abuse , alien abduction and other traumatic incidents subsequently being discredited . The notion of age regression is central to attachment therapy whose proponents believe that a child who has missed out on developmental stages can be made to redo those stages at a later age by a variety of techniques . Many of these techniques are intensely physical and confrontational and include forced holding and eye contact , sometimes whilst being required to access traumatic memories of past neglect or abuse or whilst being made to experience extreme emotions such as rage or fear . Occasionally ` rebirthing ' has been used with tragic results , for instance for Candace Newmaker . Accompanying parenting techniques may use bottle feeding and systems of complete control by the parent over the child 's basic needs including toileting and water . |
Adlai_Stevenson_I | Adlai Ewing Stevenson I ( -LSB- ˈædˌleɪ_ˈjuːɪŋ -RSB- October 23 , 1835 -- June 14 , 1914 ) served as the 23rd Vice President of the United States ( 1893 -- 97 ) . Previously , he served as a Congressman from Illinois in the late 1870s and early 1880s . After his subsequent appointment as Assistant Postmaster General of the United States during Grover Cleveland 's first administration ( 1885 -- 89 ) , he fired many Republican postal workers and replaced them with Southern Democrats . This earned him the enmity of the Republican-controlled Congress , but made him a favorite as Grover Cleveland 's running mate in 1892 , and he duly became Vice President of the United States . In office , he supported the free-silver lobby against the gold-standard men like Cleveland , but was praised for ruling in a dignified , non-partisan manner . In 1900 , he ran for Vice President with William Jennings Bryan . In doing so , he became the third Vice President to run for that post with two different presidential candidates ( after George Clinton and John C. Calhoun ) . Stevenson was the grandfather of Adlai Stevenson II , a Governor of Illinois and the unsuccessful Democratic presidential candidate in both 1952 and 1956 . |
Alveda_King | Alveda Celeste King ( born January 22 , 1951 ) is an American activist , author and former state representative for the 28th District in the Georgia House of Representatives . She is a niece of civil rights leader Martin Luther King , Jr. and daughter of civil rights activist Rev. A. D. King and his wife Naomi Barber King . She is a Fox News Channel contributor . She once served as a Senior Fellow at the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution , a conservative Washington , D.C. think-tank . She is a former member of the Georgia House of Representatives and the founder of Alveda King Ministries . |
Almohad_Caliphate | The Almohad Caliphate ( British English : -LSB- / almə ˈhɑːd / -RSB- , U.S. English : -LSB- / ɑlməˈhɑd / -RSB- ; ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ ( Imweḥḥden ) , from Arabic الموحدون , `` the monotheists '' or `` the unifiers '' ) was a Moroccan Berber Muslim movement founded in the 12th century . The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes of southern Morocco . Around 1120 , the Almohads first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains . They succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravid dynasty governing Morocco by 1147 , when Abd al-Mu ` min al-Gumi ( r. 1130 -- 1163 ) conquered Marrakesh and declared himself Caliph . They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159 . Al-Andalus followed the fate of North Africa and all Islamic Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172 . The Almohad dominance of Iberia continued until 1212 , when Muhammad III , `` al-Nasir '' ( 1199 -- 1214 ) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian princes of Castile , Aragon , Navarre , and Portugal . Nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia were lost soon after , with the great Moorish cities of Cordova and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively . The Almohads continued to rule in Africa until the piecemeal loss of territory through the revolt of tribes and districts enabled the rise of their most effective enemies , the Marinids in 1215 . The last representative of the line , Idris al-Wathiq , was reduced to the possession of Marrakesh , where he was murdered by a slave in 1269 ; the Marinids seized Marrakesh , ending the Almohad domination of the Western Maghreb . |
Aitana_Sánchez-Gijón | Aitana Sánchez-Gijón ( born 5 November 1968 in Rome , Italy ) is a Spanish film actress . She was born Aitana Sánchez-Gijón de Angelis in Rome , to father Ángel Sánchez-Gijón Martínez , a history professor , and Italian mother , Fiorella de Angelis , a mathematics professor . She grew up in Spain . Best known for playing dramatic roles in Spain , Sánchez-Gijón first became known internationally for her portrayal of Victoria Aragon , a pregnant and abandoned Mexican-American winegrower 's daughter who is helped by travelling salesman Paul Sutton ( Keanu Reeves ) in A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) . She has since built a reputation as an international star in films such as Manuel Gomez Pereira 's Boca a Boca ( 1996 ) , Bigas Luna 's The Chambermaid on the Titanic ( 1997 ) , Jaime Chavarri 's Sus Ojos Se Cerraron ( 1998 ) , Gabriele Salvatores ' adaptation of the Niccolò Ammaniti novel I 'm Not Scared ( 2003 ) and Brad Anderson 's The Machinist ( 2004 ) . |
All_American_(aircraft) | The All American ( proper name All American III ) was a World War II Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress bomber aircraft that was able to return safely to its base after having its rear fuselage nearly cut off by an in-flight collision with a German fighter over enemy-held territory . The bomber 's flight is said to have yielded one of the most famous photographs of World War II , and has been linked with the phrase `` Comin ' in on a Wing and a Prayer . '' It inspired the 414th Bombardment Squadron 's emblem , an image of a puppy praying atop an aircraft 's tail section . |
Alexander_Cary,_Master_of_Falkland | Lucius Alexander Plantagenet Cary , Master of Falkland ( born 1 February 1963 ) is an English screenwriter , producer , and ex-soldier . Cary was born in Hammersmith , to Lucius Viscount Falkland and Caroline Butler . He grew up in Chelsea , where his neighbours were actors André Morell and Joan Greenwood . He knew from the age of twelve that he wanted to work in the film industry . He was initially educated at Westminster School , but was expelled before his A-levels , and sent instead to Loretto in Scotland . He left with unremarkable grades and , after a brief stint as a runner in a New York theatre , joined the army on a whim : `` I had a bet with a friend who did n't think I could do it , but I loved it . Having been a total pain in the neck about authority at school , I took a perverse enjoyment in being given instructions and carrying them out . '' He graduated from Sandhurst Military Academy in 1985 and was posted to Northern Ireland during the height of the Troubles . He saw active service during the Gulf War , in which he was attached to a company of American marines . He left the military shortly after the war , and went to Hollywood to pursue a career as a screenwriter . After a decade of little success , he achieved a spot in the writers ' room for the first series of Lie to Me in 2009 . He later became a writer and producer for Homeland , and has also worked on The Riches and In Plain Sight . In 2013 he became engaged to American actress Jennifer Marsala , a cast member in Homeland . The marriage took place in Somerset on 31 December 2013 . He has a son , Lucius ( born in Los Angeles on 6 February 1995 ) , from his first marriage to Linda Purl , as well as a natural son , Sebastien ( born 2004 ) . He appeared in the BBC program The Gift on 10 February 2015 , in which met a fellow ex-soldier who wished to thank him for saving his life . |
American_West_Indies | American West Indies is the geographic region that includes Puerto Rico , the U.S. Virgin Islands , and Navassa ( although disputed by Haiti ) . |
Amarillo_National_Bank | Amarillo National Bank ( ANB ) is the largest , 100 percent family-owned bank in the United States , providing commercial banking and personal banking in Amarillo , Texas , and the Texas Panhandle . ANB operates 19 branch locations in and around the cities of Amarillo , Borger and Lubbock , as well as 94 local , branded automatic teller machines ( ATMs ) . As of the end of the second quarter of 2014 , it claimed to have more than $ 3.8 billion in assets . ANB employed 550 people as of October 2013 . The bank is headquartered in two high-rise buildings in downtown Amarillo , the 16-story Amarillo National Bank Plaza One and the 12-story Amarillo National Bank Plaza Two . ANB is known for opening Texas ' first drive-up bank window ( 1950 ) and the first automatic teller machine in Texas ( 1978 ) , which was located in the bank 's downtown lobby . Also in 1978 , the bank began construction on what was then the largest drive-up banking facility in the United States , at 10th Avenue and Taylor Street in Amarillo . As of the first quarter of 2014 , Amarillo National Bank ranked as the 16th largest farm lender in the nation , with 25 percent of its loans concentrated on agriculture . It is the largest mortgage lender in the Texas Panhandle and the largest independent cattle lender in Texas . During the Christmas season , ANB allows each of its employees to designate a $ 100 check to any charity of the employee 's choice . The bank claims to have given $ 1.5 million to more than 216 local charities in 2013 . In addition , the bank invests heavily in the financial education of Texas residents with its ANB Smart program , and participates in the national Teach Children to Save campaign and the Get Smart About Credit program from the American Bankers Association . In 2010 , Amarillo National Bank opened a real estate title firm called Circle A Title . The bank opened its first Lubbock branch , called American National Bank , in December 2012 . Amarillo National Bank owns the naming rights to Amarillo National Bank Sox Stadium . |
Althea_Garrison | Althea Garrison ( born October 7 , 1940 ) is an American politician from Boston , Massachusetts who was elected as a Republican to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1992 and served one term from 1993 to 1995 . Both before and after Garrison 's successful bid for office , she has run unsuccessfully in multiple elections for the state legislature and Boston City Council , as a Republican , Democrat , or independent , which has resulted in her being described in the media as a `` perennial candidate '' . Garrison is also known as the first transgender or transsexual person to be elected to a state legislature in the United States . |
Aladdin_(franchise) | Aladdin is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional media . The success of the original 1992 American animated feature of the same name , directed by Ron Clements and John Musker , led to two direct-to-video sequels , a television show ( which had a crossover episode with Hercules : The Animated Series ) , a Broadway musical , various rides and themed areas in Disney 's theme parks , several video games , and merchandise , among other related works . |
Air_Force_Research_Laboratory | The Air Force Research Laboratory ( AFRL ) is a scientific research organization operated by the United States Air Force Materiel Command dedicated to leading the discovery , development , and integration of affordable aerospace warfighting technologies , planning and executing the Air Force science and technology program , and provide warfighting capabilities to United States air , space , and cyberspace forces . It controls the entire Air Force science and technology research budget which was $ 2.4 billion in 2006 . The Laboratory was formed at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio on 31 October 1997 as a consolidation of four Air Force laboratory facilities ( Wright , Phillips , Rome , and Armstrong ) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under a unified command . The Laboratory is composed of seven technical directorates , one wing , and the Office of Scientific Research . Each technical directorate emphasizes a particular area of research within the AFRL mission which it specializes in performing experiments in conjunction with universities and contractors . Since the Laboratory 's formation in 1997 , it has conducted numerous experiments and technical demonstrations in conjunction with NASA , Department of Energy National Laboratories , DARPA , and other research organizations within the Department of Defense . Notable projects include the X-37 , X-40 , X-53 , HTV-3X , YAL-1A , Advanced Tactical Laser , and the Tactical Satellite Program . The Laboratory may face problems in the future as 40 percent of its workers are slated to retire over the next two decades while since 1980 the United States has not produced enough science and engineering degrees to keep up with demand . |
Americans | Americans are citizens of the United States of America . The country is home to people of many different national origins . As a result , Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity , but with citizenship and allegiance . Although citizens make up the majority of Americans , non-citizen residents , dual citizens , and expatriates may also claim an American identity . The use in English of the term `` American '' to exclusively mean people of the United States developed from its original use to differentiate English people of the American colonies from English people of England despite its linguistic ambiguity in other senses of the word `` American '' , which can also refer to people from the Americas in general . See Names for United States citizens . |
Amadéus_Leopold | Amadéus Leopold ( born 3 August 1988 ) is an American classical music artist . |
Alexithymia | Alexithymia -LSB- ˌeɪlɛksəˈθaɪmiə -RSB- is a personality construct characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions in the self . The core characteristics of alexithymia are marked dysfunction in emotional awareness , social attachment , and interpersonal relating . Furthermore , alexithymics have difficulty in distinguishing and appreciating the emotions of others , which is thought to lead to unempathic and ineffective emotional responding . Alexithymia occurs in approximately 10 % of the population and can occur with a number of psychiatric conditions . The term alexithymia was coined by psychotherapist Peter Sifneos in 1973 . The word comes from Greek α ( a , `` no '' , the negating alpha privative ) , λέξις ( léxis , `` word '' ) , and θυμός ( thymos , `` emotions '' , but understood by Sifneos as having the meaning `` mood '' ) , literally meaning `` no words for mood '' . |
Alexandra_Hay | Alexandra Lynn Hay ( July 24 , 1947 -- October 11 , 1993 ) was a character actress of the 1960s and 1970s . She was a native of Los Angeles , California , and graduated from Arroyo High School in El Monte . Hay 's first credited role was in an episode of The Monkees , `` Monkee Mother '' ( episode 27 , original airdate March 20 , 1967 ) . Her career continued with small roles in the 1967 movies Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner and The Ambushers . In the former , she portrayed a carhop who takes an ice cream order from Spencer Tracy 's character . In 1968 , she co-starred with James Garner and Debbie Reynolds in the romantic comedy How Sweet It Is ! as Gloria , and in Otto Preminger 's film Skidoo , as a young girl who discovers her car-dealer father ( Jackie Gleason ) is actually a onetime Mafia assassin . John Phillip Law played Stash , her hippie boyfriend . She and Law were re-teamed later , in The Love Machine ( 1971 ) , based on a Jacqueline Susann novel . She also starred in the 1969 film Model Shop as the live-in girlfriend of an aimless young man played by Gary Lockwood . Her later films included Fun and Games ( 1971 ) ( released in the U.S. as 1000 Convicts and a Woman ) , How to Seduce a Woman ( 1974 ) and The One Man Jury ( 1978 ) . Hay had television roles in episodes of Mission : Impossible , Love , American Style , Dan August , Kojak , The Streets of San Francisco , and Police Story . She appeared in the television movies , The F.B.I. Story : The FBI Versus Alvin Karpis , Public Enemy Number One and The Screaming Woman . She was also featured in a February 1974 pictorial in Playboy magazine titled `` Alexandra the Great '' . Hay died in 1993 , age 46 , of arteriosclerotic heart disease . She was cremated , and her ashes were scattered off the coast of Marina del Rey , California . |
Aitraaz | Aitraaz ( Objection ) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film directed by Abbas -- Mustan . Produced by Subhash Ghai , it stars Akshay Kumar , Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra , and was the third film collaboration between Kumar and Chopra . Aitraaz features Amrish Puri , Paresh Rawal and Annu Kapoor in supporting roles . The screenplay was written by Shyam Goel and Shiraz Ahmed , and Himesh Reshammiya composed the soundtrack . The film tells the story of a man accused of sexual harassment by his female superior . It was released on 12 November 2004 to positive reviews , Chopra receiving widespread critical acclaim for her performance as Sonia Roy . Aitraaz was a commercial success , grossing over 260 million at the box office against a budget of 110 million . It has been noted for its bold subject of sexual harassment . Aitraaz received several accolades , particularly for Chopra . At the 50th Filmfare Awards , she received two nominations : Best Supporting Actress and Best Performance in a Negative Role , winning the latter and thus becoming the second ( and final ) actress to win the award . Chopra also won the Bengal Film Journalists ' Association Award for Best Actress and the Screen Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role . The film received ten nominations at the 2005 IIFA Awards , winning three . |
Alta_California | Alta California ( Upper California ) , founded in 1769 by Gaspar de Portolà , was a polity of New Spain and after the Mexican War of Independence in 1822 , a territory of Mexico . The region included all of the modern American states of California , Nevada , and Utah , and parts of Arizona , Wyoming , Colorado and New Mexico . Neither Spain nor Mexico ever colonized the area beyond the southern and central coastal area of present-day California , so they never exerted any effective control north of the Sonoma area , or east of the California Coast Ranges . Most interior areas such as the Central Valley and the deserts of California remained in de facto possession of indigenous peoples until later in the Mexican era when more inland land grants were made , and especially after 1841 when overland immigrants from the United States began to settle inland areas . Large areas east of the Sierra Nevada and San Gabriel Mountains were claimed to be part of Alta California , but were never colonized . To the southeast , beyond the deserts and the Colorado River , lay the Spanish settlements in Arizona.Chapman explains that the term `` Arizona '' not used in period . Arizona south of the Gila River was referred to as the Pimería Alta . North of the Gila were the `` Moqui '' , whose territory was considered separate from New Mexico . The term `` the Californias , '' therefore , refers specifically to the Spanish-held coastal region from Baja California to an undefined north . Alta California ceased to exist as an administrative division separate from Baja California in 1836 , when the Siete Leyes constitutional reforms in Mexico re-established Las Californias as a unified department . The areas formerly comprising Alta California were ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican -- American War in 1848 . Two years later , California joined the union as the 31st state . Other parts of Alta California became all or part of the later U.S. states of Arizona , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , and Wyoming . |
All_the_Rage_(Cary_Brothers_EP) | All the Rage is the debut EP by American singer-songwriter Cary Brothers . |
Amy_Adams | Amy Lou Adams ( born August 20 , 1974 ) is an American actress and singer . She was named one of 100 most influential people by Time magazine in 2014 and is among the highest-paid actresses in the world . She has won two Golden Globe Awards , and has been nominated for five Academy Awards and six British Academy Film Awards . Adams began her career on stage performing in dinner theater and went on to make her feature film debut in Drop Dead Gorgeous ( 1999 ) . After moving to Los Angeles , she made several appearances on television and in B-movies , before starring in Steven Spielberg 's 2002 biopic Catch Me If You Can . Adams 's breakthrough role came in the 2005 independent film Junebug , in which her portrayal of a young pregnant woman earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . In 2007 , she starred as a princess in the commercially successful Disney musical film Enchanted . Adams received three more Oscar nominations for her supporting roles in Doubt ( 2008 ) , The Fighter ( 2010 ) , and The Master ( 2012 ) . She played reporter Lois Lane in the 2013 superhero film Man of Steel and a troubled con artist in David O. Russell 's film American Hustle ; for the latter , she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress . She won a second consecutive Golden Globe Award for portraying artist Margaret Keane in the comedy-drama Big Eyes ( 2014 ) . In 2016 , Adams reprised the role of Lois in Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , and garnered acclaim for her leading roles in the science-fiction film Arrival and the crime thriller Nocturnal Animals . |
Almış | Almış iltäbär ( Almysh Elteber , Almish Yiltawar , -LSB- ʌlˈmɯʃ -RSB- , ) was the first Muslim ruler ( emir ) of Volga Bulgaria . Almış was a son of Şilki ( -LSB- ʃilˈki -RSB- ) . He was a ruler of one of the Bulgar duchies , probably , the Bolghar Duchy . Initially , a vassal of the Khazars , he struggled for independence and unification of all Bulgar tribes and duchies . He sent ambassadors to the Baghdad caliph . In 922 , the caliph Al-Muqtadir 's ambassador Ibn Fadlan appeared in Bolghar . The Abbasid caliphate became an ally of Volga Bulgaria . Almış adopted the Islamic name Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbdullah ( Latin Tatar : Cäğfär bine Ğabdulla , Arabic script : ) . During the reign of Almış , Volga Bulgaria developed to a united , strong and independent state . Ibn Fadlan , an Arab traveller , referred to Almış as `` the king of Saqaliba '' . |
Amy_Madison | Amy Madison is a fictional character on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer , portrayed by Elizabeth Anne Allen . The character appears in every season of Buffy except Season Five ( during which time the character was stuck in the form of a rat due to a spell cast in Season Three ) . In the show , Amy is a witch . Although initially a seemingly good-natured individual , Amy gradually begins misusing her magic , eventually becoming an enemy to Willow ( Alyson Hannigan ) and her friends . In the series ' comic book continuation , the character is more of an outright villain . |
Alexei_Navalny_presidential_campaign,_2018 | The Russian opposition figure and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny announced his intention to run for President of Russia in the 2018 election on December 13 , 2016 . The primary themes of his campaign have been focusing on domestic issues , including combating corruption in Russia and improving the economy . Commentators have noted that Navalny 's campaign is unprecedented in modern Russia as politicians usually do not start campaigning until a few months before the election . Navalny began before the official registration for the elections occurred in spite of court proceedings against him in a fraud case , which could bar him from running since the Russian election legislation deprives certain criminals of eligibility . In February 2017 , a district court in Kirov upheld his suspended sentence despite the European Court of Human Rights siding with Navalny . In May , the deputy chief of the Central Election Commission commented that Navalny will not be allowed to run . Navalny and his staff said that they will appeal to the ECHR and will continue campaigning to give the government no choice but to accept his candidacy . Analysts described his policies as `` populist '' , as well as nationalistic and isolationist , and thus some have compared him to Donald Trump , although Navalny himself does not think it is an accurate comparison . |
Amy_Lockwood | Amanda Clare `` Amy '' Lockwood ( born April 29 , 1987 ) is a Canadian actor , comedian , singer-songwriter . In 2004 she created , produced and hosted the weekly sketch-comedy series The Amy Lockwood Project on Rogers Television . She is most recently known for her work in the film Listen To Your Heart . She regularly performs original songs at comedy clubs in New York City . |
All_the_Way..._A_Decade_of_Song_(TV_special) | All the Way ... A Decade of Song is the second one-off American television special by Canadian singer Celine Dion that was broadcast by CBS on 24 November 1999 . The special was a promotion for her first English-language greatest hits album of the same name , All the Way ... A Decade of Song . The special was filmed on 7 October 1999 at the reopening of Radio City Music Hall in New York City . It featured Dion ( backed by her touring band ) performing some of her greatest hits and new songs . She was also joined by special guests Grammy winning Latin singing sensation Gloria Estefan and Pop Boyband NSYNC . The television special was the second-most-watched program in its time slot , with an 8.3 rating and a 14 share . It also marked Dion 's final concert special for CBS before taking a 2-year break from the music industry . |
Alternative_financial_service | An alternative financial service ( AFS ) is a financial service provided outside traditional banking institutions , on which many low-income individuals depend . In developing countries , these services often take the form of microfinance . In developed countries , the services may be similar to those provided by banks and include payday loans , rent-to-own agreements , pawnshops , refund anticipation loans , some subprime mortgage loans and car title loans , and non-bank check cashing , money orders , and money transfers . It also includes traditional moneylending by door-to-door collection . In New York City , these are called check-cashing stores , and they are legally exempted from the 25 percent criminal usury cap . Alternative financial services are typically provided by non-bank financial institutions , although person-to-person lending and crowd funding also play a role . These alternative financial service providers are estimated to process about 280 million transactions per year , representing roughly $ 78 billion in revenue . Customers include the unbanked . Alternative financial services in the United States , for example via payday loans , are more extensive than in some other countries , because the major banks in the U.S. are less willing to lend to people with marginal credit ratings than their counterparts in many other countries . In the United Kingdom , alternative financial services include payday loans and money lending , the latter termed `` home collected credit '' or `` home credit '' . Organizations such as Debt on our Doorstep campaign for improved regulation . |
Albion | Albion is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain . Today , it is still sometimes used poetically to refer to the island . The name for Scotland in the Celtic languages is related to Albion : Alba in Scottish Gaelic , Albain ( genitive Alban ) in Irish , Nalbin in Manx and Alban in Welsh , Cornish and Breton . These names were later Latinised as Albania and Anglicised as Albany , which were once alternative names for Scotland . New Albion and Albionoria ( `` Albion of the North '' ) were briefly suggested as names of Canada during the period of the Canadian Confederation . Arthur Phillip , first leader of the colonization of Australia , originally named Sydney Cove `` New Albion '' , but for uncertain reasons the colony acquired the name `` Sydney '' . |
American_Horror_Story:_Coven | American Horror Story : Coven is the third season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story . It premiered on October 9 , 2013 , and concluded on January 29 , 2014 . The season takes place in 2013 , in New Orleans , and follows a Coven of Salem witches as they fight for survival . It also features flashbacks to the 1830s , 1910s , and 1970s . Returning cast members from the previous season of the series include : Robin Bartlett , Frances Conroy , Jessica Lange , Sarah Paulson , Evan Peters , and Lily Rabe . Taissa Farmiga , Jamie Brewer , Denis O'Hare , and Alexandra Breckenridge also make their returns to the series . Like its predecessors , Coven was met with both mostly positive reviews , and strong ratings , with the premiere episode attracting a series high of 5.54 million viewers . The season garnered seventeen Emmy Award nominations , including Outstanding Miniseries and five acting nominations for Jessica Lange , Sarah Paulson , Angela Bassett , Frances Conroy , and Kathy Bates , with Lange and Bates winning their respective acting categories . In addition , Coven was nominated for Best Miniseries or TV Film at the Golden Globes . In the series ' fifth cycle , Hotel , Gabourey Sidibe reprised her role as Queenie in the eleventh episode of the season . |
Alex_Epstein_(American_writer) | Alex Epstein ( -LSB- ˈælɪks_ˈɛpstaɪn -RSB- born 1980 ) is an American author , energy theorist and industrial policy pundit . He is the founder and President of the Center for Industrial Progress , a for-profit think tank located in Laguna Hills , California , and a former fellow of the Ayn Rand Institute . Epstein is also the New York Times bestselling author of The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels , which champions the use of fossil fuels like coal , oil and natural gas . Epstein is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute . |
American_Beauty_(album) | American Beauty is a studio album by rock band the Grateful Dead . Released November 1 , 1970 , by Warner Bros. . Records , the album continued the folk rock and country music style of their previous album Workingman 's Dead , issued earlier in the year . Though the Americana approach is still evident in the songwriting , comparatively the sound focused more on folk harmonies and major-key melodies , showing influence from Bob Dylan and Crosby , Stills , Nash , & Young . Upon release , American Beauty entered the Billboard 200 chart , ultimately peaking at number 13 . On July 11 , 1974 , the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America , and it later reached Platinum and Double Platinum certification in 1986 and 2001 , respectively . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 258 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . |
An_Analysis_of_the_Laws_of_England | An Analysis of the Laws of England is a legal treatise by British legal professor William Blackstone . It was first published by the Clarendon Press in 1756 . A Fellow of All Souls , Oxford , and a lecturer there , on 3 July 1753 Blackstone announced his intentions to give a set of lectures on the common law -- the first lectures of that sort in the world . A prospectus was issued on 23 June 1753 , and with a class of approximately 20 students , the first lecture series was completed by July 1754 . Despite Blackstone 's limited oratory skills and a speaking style described by Jeremy Bentham as `` formal , precise and affected '' , Blackstone 's lectures were warmly appreciated . The second and third series were far more popular , partially due to his then unusual use of printed handouts and lists of suggested reading . These show Blackstone 's attempts to reduce English law to a logical system , with the division of subjects later being the basis for his Commentaries . The lecture series brought him # 116 , # 226 and # 111 a year respectively from 1753 to 1755 -- a total of # in terms . Seeing the success of this publication , Blackstone was induced to write An Analysis of the Laws of England , a 200-page introduction to English law , which was first published in 1756 by the Clarendon Press . Analysis begins with a summary of the ways that English law had been subdivided until that time . Blackstone examined the methods of Ranulf de Glanvill , Henry de Bracton and Matthew Hale , concluding that Hale 's method was superior to the others . As such , Hale 's distribution `` hath therefore been principally followed '' -LSB- by Blackstone in An Analysis . . -RSB- , albeit with some amendments . The treatise is `` a marked advance on any previous introduction to English law . . including constitutional , civil and criminal law , public and private law , substantive law and procedure , as well as some introductory jurisprudential content '' . The initial print run of 1,000 copies almost immediately sold out , leading to the printing of three additional 1,000-book lots over the next three years , which also sold out . A fifth edition was published in 1762 , and a sixth , edited to take into account Blackstone 's Commentaries on the Laws of England , in 1771 . Many of the later editions were prefaced with copies of Blackstone 's A Discourse on the Study of the Law , first published in 1758 . Because of the success of the Commentaries , Prest remarks that `` relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to this work '' ; at the time , however , it was hailed as `` an elegant performance ... calculated to facilitate this branch of knowledge '' . |
Alain_Delon | Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon ( -LSB- alɛ̃ dəlɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 8 November 1935 ) is a French actor and businessman . Delon became one of Europe 's most prominent actors and screen sex symbols in the 1960s . He achieved critical acclaim for roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers ( 1960 ) , Purple Noon ( 1960 ) , L'Eclisse ( 1962 ) , The Leopard ( 1963 ) , Lost Command ( 1966 ) and Le Samouraï ( 1967 ) . Over the course of his career Delon worked with many well known directors , including Luchino Visconti , Jean-Luc Godard , Jean-Pierre Melville , Michelangelo Antonioni and Louis Malle . Delon acquired Swiss citizenship on 23 September 1999 , and the company managing products sold under his name is based in Geneva . He resides in Chêne-Bougeries in the canton of Geneva . |
Alexei_Alekhine | Alexei ( Alexey ) Alekhine ( 1888 -- 1939 ) was a Russian chess master and the brother of World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine . His father was a wealthy landowner , a Marshal of the Nobility and a member of the State Duma , and his mother was an heiress to an industrial fortune . Both he and his younger brother Alexander were taught chess by their mother . Alexei drew with Harry Nelson Pillsbury when the American master gave a simultaneous blindfold display in Moscow in 1902 . He tied for fourth in the Moscow Chess Club Autumn tournament in 1907 , while Alexander tied for eleventh . Alexei finished third at Moscow 1913 ( Oldřich Duras won ) , and tied for third at Moscow 1915 . He was an editor of the chess journal `` Shakhmatny Vyestnik '' from 1913 to 1916 . After the October Revolution , he won ( elimination - third group ) and took third place in the tournament for amateurs in Moscow , held in October 1920 , while his brother Alexander won the first USSR Chess Championship ( All-Russian Chess Olympiad ) there . He took third place at Petrograd ( Saint Petersburg ) 1923 , took 12th at Moscow 1924 , tied for fourth-fifth at Kharkov 1925 ( the second Ukrainian Chess Championship , Yakov Vilner won ) , took 11th at Odessa 1926 ( Ukrainian championship , Boris Verlinsky and Marsky won ) , and took 8th at Poltava 1927 ( Ukrainian championship , won by Alexey Selezniev ) . He won the championship of Kharkov in the Ukraine and served as an Executive Board member of the USSR Chess Federation . He was also the Secretary of the Ukrainian Chess Federation and the editor of the first Soviet chess annual , published in 1927 . Alexei died in 1939 . |
American_Culinary_Federation | The American Culinary Federation ( ACF ) was established in 1929 and is the largest professional chefs ' organization in North America . ACF , which was the progeny of the combined visions of three chefs ' associations in New York City , comprises more than 22,000 members in 230 chapters across the United States , and is known as the authority on cooking in America . Its mission is to make a positive difference for culinarians through education , apprenticeship and certification , while creating a fraternal bond of respect and integrity among culinarians everywhere . One of ACF 's defining historical moments remains the ACF-led initiative that resulted in the upgrade of the definition of chef from domestic to professional in 1976 . The ACF is a member of the World Association of Chefs Societies . |
Alex_da_Kid | Alexander Grant ( born 27 August 1982 ) , professionally known as Alex da Kid , is a British music producer from Wood Green , London . He has gained recognition for producing several hit singles for a plethora of artists in various music genres , such as Dr. Dre ( `` I Need a Doctor '' ) , Nicki Minaj ( `` Massive Attack '' ) , B.o.B ( `` Airplanes '' featuring Hayley Williams ) , Eminem ( `` Love the Way You Lie '' featuring Rihanna ) , Diddy ( `` Coming Home '' with Dirty Money featuring Skylar Grey ) , Imagine Dragons ( `` Radioactive '' ) and Cheryl ( `` Under The Sun '' ) . Even though he now lives in Los Angeles , The Evening Standard named him one of `` London 's Most Influential People in 2011 . '' He has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards including `` Album of the Year '' for his work on Rihanna 's Loud . His record label , KIDinaKORNER , is a subdivision of Interscope Records . In both 2013 and 2014 , Grant ( as owner of KIDinaKORNER Records ) was chosen by Billboard Magazine for their `` Top 40 Under 40 . '' In 2016 , Grant released his first solo project as an artist . The single , `` Not Easy '' features X Ambassadors , Elle King & Wiz Khalifa via KIDinaKORNER/RCA Records . The track was produced by Alex Da Kid for KIDinaKORNER , and written by Alex Da Kid for KIDinaKORNER , Sam Harris , Casey Harris , Adam Levin , Elle King , and Wiz Khalifa . As a producer , Grant co-writes everything that he works on with artists . |
Aleister_Crowley | Aleister Crowley ( -LSB- ˈkroʊli -RSB- born Edward Alexander Crowley ; 12 October 1875 -- 1 December 1947 ) was an English occultist , ceremonial magician , poet , painter , novelist , and mountaineer . He founded the religion of Thelema , identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the Æon of Horus in the early 20th century . A prolific writer , he published widely over the course of his life . Born to a wealthy Plymouth Brethren family in Royal Leamington Spa , Warwickshire , Crowley rejected this fundamentalist Christian faith to pursue an interest in Western esotericism . He was educated at the University of Cambridge , where he focused his attentions on mountaineering and poetry , resulting in several publications . Some biographers allege that here he was recruited into a British intelligence agency , further suggesting that he remained a spy throughout his life . In 1898 he joined the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn , where he was trained in ceremonial magic by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and Allan Bennett . Moving to Boleskine House by Loch Ness in Scotland , he went mountaineering in Mexico with Oscar Eckenstein , before studying Hindu and Buddhist practices in India . He married Rose Edith Kelly and in 1904 they honeymooned in Cairo , Egypt , where Crowley claimed to have been contacted by a supernatural entity named Aiwass , who provided him with The Book of the Law , a sacred text that served as the basis for Thelema . Announcing the start of the Æon of Horus , The Book declared that its followers should `` Do what thou wilt '' and seek to align themselves with their True Will through the practice of magick . After an unsuccessful attempt to climb Kanchenjunga and a visit to India and China , Crowley returned to Britain , where he attracted attention as a prolific author of poetry , novels , and occult literature . In 1907 , he and George Cecil Jones co-founded a Thelemite order , the A ∴ A ∴ , through which they propagated the religion . After spending time in Algeria , in 1912 he was initiated into another esoteric order , the German-based Ordo Templi Orientis ( O.T.O. ) , rising to become the leader of its British branch , which he reformulated in accordance with his Thelemite beliefs . Through the O.T.O. , Thelemite groups were established in Britain , Australia , and North America . Crowley spent the First World War in the United States , where he took up painting and campaigned for the German war effort against Britain , later revealing that he had infiltrated the pro-German movement to assist the British intelligence services . In 1920 he established the Abbey of Thelema , a religious commune in Cefalù , Sicily where he lived with various followers . His libertine lifestyle led to denunciations in the British press , and the Italian government evicted him in 1923 . He divided the following two decades between France , Germany , and England , and continued to promote Thelema until his death . Crowley gained widespread notoriety during his lifetime , being a recreational drug experimenter , bisexual and an individualist social critic . He was denounced in the popular press as `` the wickedest man in the world '' and a Satanist . Crowley has remained a highly influential figure over Western esotericism and the counter-culture , and continues to be considered a prophet in Thelema . In 2002 , a BBC poll ranked him as the seventy-third greatest Briton of all time . |
Amir_Sultan | Amir Sultan ( 1368 -- 1429 ) was Amir Kulal Shamsuddin 's grandson . He was invited by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I to Anatolia . Bayezid I had a daughter from his marriage with Daulat Khatun ( Devlet Hatun ) who was married to Amir Sultan . Daulat Khatun ( Devlet Hatun ) was a descendant of Jalal ud-Din Rumi . By the end of fourteenth century Timur and Bayezid I had emerged as two superpowers in Asia and Europe , making the confrontation between two a matter of time . Timur took the lead and conquered the Ottoman city of Sivas , disseminating the local population in his trademark style . At the same time two princes , Ahmad Jalair ( Ahmad ( Jalayirids ) ) and Kara Yosuf ( Qara Yusuf ) sought for protection at Bayezid I 's court . Their territories had been conquered by Timur . Timur sent two embassies demanding surrender of the two princes , but Bayezid I refused . Bayezid I went a step further and prepared for an attack on Timur 's territory . At this point his son-in-law Amir Sultan advised him against the move knowing well the penchant and proficiency of Timur and his soldiers in a battlefield . However , his genteel council fell on deaf ears . Instigated and incited by the two princes Bayezid I seized Erzurum which was under Timur 's rule . To Timur this was declaration of war and in his symbolic manner he started conquering Ottoman cities one by one with whirlwind speed . Bayezid I took his army to stop Timur and the two goliaths met at the plains of Angora on 20 July 1401 ( 804AH ) . Although Bayezid I had made a fierce reputation in Europe as a brilliant general and ferocious warrior but he was no match for Timur whose years in battlefield far exceeded Bayazid 's age . The Mongol attack was ruthless and merciless and in one word , Timur `` annihilated '' the Ottoman army , taking Bayezid I , his children and princes as captives . Amir Sultan had decided not to be a party of the war . It was because of the family associations with the Barlas tribe he decided not to be associated with the either side while the state-of-war lasted between the two sovereigns . It might have been this decision coupled with the fact that his family was regarded as mentors by the Timurid Dynasty which meant he did not share the same fate as his in-laws . After the battle Amir Sultan returned to his native soil at Vabkent . His children went to Chinese Turkistan . After Babur established the Mughal Empire his descendants moved to India . Among them Shah Jamal , Shah La'al , Shah Abbas , and Shah Altaf are the notables . |
Alfie_Allen | Alfie Evan James Allen ( born 12 September 1986 ) is an English actor . He is best known for portraying Theon Greyjoy in the HBO series Game of Thrones since 2011 . |
Alfie_Agnew | Alfonso F. `` Alfie '' Agnew , Ph.D ( born January 24 , 1969 ) is an American mathematician , singer , musician and songwriter . In a career spanning more than 30 years , Agnew is best known for being a member of the punk bands the Adolescents and D.I. . Alfie 's brothers Rikk Agnew and Frank Agnew are also former Adolescents guitarists . |
Amadeus_III_of_Geneva | Amadeus III ( c. 1300 -- 18 January 1367 ) was the Count of Geneva from 1320 until his death . He ruled the Genevois , but not the city of Geneva proper , and it was during his time that the term `` Genevois '' came to be used as it is today . He was the eldest son and successor of William III and Agnes , daughter of Amadeus V of Savoy . He played a major rôle in the politics of the House of Savoy , serving consecutively as regent and president of the council , and also sitting on the feudal tribunal -- one of three tribunals of the Audiences générales -- of the Duchy of Aosta . |
American_almanacs | A tradition of almanacs published for the purposes of North America began in New England in the 17th century . The earliest almanac published for New England appeared in Cambridge , Massachusetts as early as 1639 , by William Pierce . It was the second work printed in the English colonies of America altogether ( the first being The Oath of a Free-man , printed earlier in the same year ) . The earliest New England almanac of which an extant copy survives in the Library of Congress was published by Zechariah Brigden in Cambridge in 1659 . Harvard College became the first center for the annual publication of almanacs with various editors including Samuel Danforth , Oakes , Cheever , Chauncey , Dudley , Foster , et alia . An almanac maker going under the pseudonym of Poor Richard , Knight of the Burnt Island began to publish Poor Robin 's Almanack one of the first comic almanacs that parodied these horoscopes in its 1664 issue , saying `` This month we may expect to hear of the Death of some Man , Woman , or Child , either in Kent or Christendom . '' Other noteworthy comic almanacs include those published from 1687-1702 by John Tully of Saybrook , Connecticut . The Boston ephemeris was an early almanac published in Boston during the 1680s . The most important early American almanacs were made from 1726-1775 by Nathaniel Ames of Dedham , Massachusetts . A few years later James Franklin began publishing the Rhode-Island Almanack beginning in 1728 . Five years later his brother Benjamin Franklin began publishing Poor Richard 's Almanack from 1733-1758 . Benjamin Banneker improved on the Almanac from 1792-1797 . From the late 18th to early 19th century , there began a fashion of Farmers ' Almanacs published regionally in the newly independent United States . `` The United States almanac '' 1776 -- The Farmer 's Almanac , published from 1792 , since 1836 known as The Old Farmer 's Almanac Washington 's citizen and farmer 's almanack , for the year 1810 . . containing , besides the astronomical calculations by Joshua Sharp , a variety of pieces in prose and verse `` The Annual Visiter and Citizen and Farmer 's Almanac '' 1812 -- The Citizen and farmer 's almanac 1814 -- ? The Farmers ' Almanac , published since 1818 in Morristown , New Jersey , later in Newark , New Jersey , since 1955 by the Almanac Publishing Company in Lewiston , Maine . The Farmer 's almanac , for the year of our Lord 1819 ... calculated for the meridian of Philadelphia by Andrew Beers ( 1749-1824 ) , published by S. Potter & Co. . The New England Farmer 's Almanac ( 1820s-1830s ? ) The Maine Farmers ' Almanac , printed from 1819 in Hallowell , Maine and later in Augusta , Maine , printed by Goodale , Glazier & Co. and edited by Daniel Robinson and Abel Bowen . Appeared until 1968 . American Almanac and Treasury of Facts |
American_Horror_Story | American Horror Story is an American anthology horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters and settings , and a storyline with its own `` beginning , middle , and end . '' Some plot elements of each season are loosely inspired by true events . The first season , retroactively subtitled Murder House , takes place in Los Angeles , California , during the year 2011 and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants . The second season , subtitled Asylum , takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964 and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane . The third season , subtitled Coven , takes place in New Orleans , Louisiana , during the year 2013 and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them . The fourth season , subtitled Freak Show , takes place in Jupiter , Florida , during the year 1952 and centers around one of the few remaining American freak shows . The fifth season , subtitled Hotel , takes place in Los Angeles during the year 2015 and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel . The sixth season , subtitled Roanoke , takes place in Roanoke Island , during the year 2016 and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse . The only actors to appear in all iterations of the show so far are Evan Peters , Sarah Paulson and Lily Rabe . The series is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States . On November 10 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a sixth season , and premiered , for the first time out of October , on September 14 , 2016 . On October 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a seventh season , which is set to premiere in September 2017 . On January 12 , 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and ninth season . Although reception to individual seasons has varied , American Horror Story has been overall well received by television critics , with the majority of the praise going to the cast , particularly Jessica Lange , who won two Emmy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performances . Additionally , Kathy Bates and Lady Gaga won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award , respectively , for their performances . The series draws consistently high ratings for the FX network , with its first season being the most-viewed new cable series of 2011 . |
Alex_P._Keaton | Alex P. Keaton is a fictional character on the United States television sitcom Family Ties , which aired on NBC for seven seasons , from 1982 to 1989 . Family Ties reflected the move in the United States away from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s . This was particularly expressed through the relationship between Young Republican Alex ( Michael J. Fox ) and his hippie parents , Steven ( Michael Gross ) and Elyse Keaton ( Meredith Baxter ) . President of the United States Ronald Reagan once stated that Family Ties was his favorite television show . |
Alec_Baldwin | Alexander Rae `` Alec '' Baldwin III ( born April 3 , 1958 ) is an American actor , writer , producer , and comedian . A member of the Baldwin family , he is the oldest of the four Baldwin brothers , all actors . Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama Knots Landing , in the role of Joshua Rush . He has since played both leading and supporting roles in films such as the horror comedy fantasy film Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , as Jack Ryan in the action thriller The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) , the romantic comedy The Marrying Man ( 1991 ) , the superhero film The Shadow ( 1994 ) , and two films directed by Martin Scorsese : the Howard Hughes biopic The Aviator ( 2004 ) and the neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . His performance in the 2003 romantic drama The Cooler garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . From 2006 to 2013 , Baldwin starred as Jack Donaghy on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock , winning two Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for his work on the show , making him the male performer with the most SAG Awards . Baldwin co-starred in Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , the fifth installment of the Mission : Impossible series , released on July 31 , 2015 . He is also a columnist for The Huffington Post . Since 2016 , he has been the host of Match Game . He has received worldwide attention and acclaim for his portrayal of President Donald Trump on the long-running sketch series Saturday Night Live , both during the 2016 U.S. presidential election and following the inauguration . |
Alley | An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane , path , or passageway , often reserved for pedestrians , which usually runs between , behind , or within buildings in the older parts of towns and cities . It is also a rear access or service road ( back lane ) , or a path or walk in a park or garden . A covered alley or passageway , often with shops , may be called an arcade . The origin of the word alley is late Middle English , from alee `` walking or passage '' , from aler `` go '' , from ambulare `` to walk '' . |
All_the_President's_Men_(film) | All the President 's Men is a 1976 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula . The screenplay by William Goldman is based on the 1974 non-fiction book of the same name by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward , the two journalists investigating the Watergate scandal for The Washington Post . The film stars Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman as Woodward and Bernstein , respectively ; it was produced by Walter Coblenz for Redford 's Wildwood Enterprises . All the President 's Men is the third installment of what informally came to be known as Pakula 's `` paranoia trilogy '' . The other two films in the trilogy are Klute ( 1971 ) and The Parallax View ( 1974 ) . In 2010 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . |
All_American_(musical) | All American is a musical with a book by Mel Brooks , lyrics by Lee Adams , and music by Charles Strouse . Based on the Robert Lewis Taylor 1950 novel Professor Fodorski , it is set on the campus of the fictional Southern Baptist Institute of Technology : the worlds of science and sports collide when the principles of engineering are applied to football strategies , and football strategies are used to teach the principles of engineering . The techniques of a Hungarian immigrant , Professor Fodorski , prove to be successful , resulting in a winning team , and he finds himself the target of a Madison Avenue ad man who wants to exploit his new-found fame . The Broadway production , in 1962 , starred Ray Bolger . It drew mostly unfavorable reviews and ran for 80 performances , though the song `` Once Upon a Time '' became popular . |
Alexandre_Bompard | Alexandre Bompard ( born 1972 in Saint-Étienne , France ) is a French businessman . He became CEO of the retail chain Fnac in 2011 . |
Alex_Jones_(preacher) | Alex C. Jones Jr. ( September 18 , 1941 -- January 14 , 2017 ) was an African-American Roman Catholic deacon , preacher and leader who converted from Pentecostalism to Catholicism . |
Alex_Russo | Alexandra Margarita `` Alex '' Russo is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Disney Channel sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place , portrayed by Selena Gomez . In 2008 , AOL named her the twentieth greatest witch in television history . Selena Gomez , who portrays Alex , is one of the only two cast members to appear in every single episode of the series ; the only other cast member to do so is David Henrie , who portrays Justin Russo . The character has also appeared in The Suite Life on Deck episode , Double Crossed . |
Alvaro_de_Molina | Alvaro de Molina ( born July 13 , 1957 ) was the chief financial officer of Bank of America Corporation . He had been with the company since joining one of its predecessors in 1989 . De Molina graduated Bergen Catholic High School in Oradell , New Jersey , in 1975 . He then attended Fairleigh Dickinson University , graduating with a bachelor 's degree in accounting . He obtained an MBA in 1988 from Rutgers Business School . He later obtained another degree through Duke University 's Advanced Management Program . On Dec. 1 , 2006 , he announced his resignation as CFO of Bank of America , effective at the end of the year . At the time of his resignation he had been finance chief for only 14 months , but had spent 17 years at Bank of America . He ran treasury services and investment banking before becoming chief financial officer in 2005 . De Molina joined Cerberus-controlled GMAC in August 2007 , becoming chief operating officer . On March 18 , 2008 , GMAC LLC named de Molina its chief executive officer . On July 9 , 2008 , The Wall Street Journal reported that de Molina had made it to Wachovia 's shortlist of potential CEOs : `` Mr. de Molina , 50 years old , is considered an outspoken and bold leader who would shake things up in trying to turn around Wachovia , though he might have difficulty fitting into Wachovia 's genteel corporate culture . '' |
American_Shakespeare_Theatre | The American Shakespeare Theatre was a theater company based in Stratford , Connecticut , United States . It was formed in the early 1950s by Lawrence Langner , Lincoln Kirstein , John Percy Burrell and philanthropist Joseph Verner Reed . The American Shakespeare Shakespeare Festival Theatre was constructed and the program opened on July 12 , 1955 with Julius Caesar . Plays were produced at the Festival Theatre in Stratford from 1955 until the company ceased operations in the mid-1980s . The company focused on American interpretations of William Shakespeare 's plays , but occasionally produced plays by other playwrights . It was the home of the American Shakespeare Festival . The last full season of the festival as a producing organization was 1982 . The last production on the theater stage was a one-person show of The Tempest in September 1989 . Ongoing efforts include plans to raise money to renovate the Theatre itself . Actors involved with American Shakespeare Theatre include Alex Cord , Earle Hyman , David Groh , Katharine Hepburn , Fred Gwynne , Morris Carnovsky , Will Geer , John Houseman , James Earl Jones , Christopher Plummer , Hal Miller Lynn Redgrave , Christopher Walken , Rene Auberjonois , David Birney , Meredith Baxter , Michael Moriarty , Jan Miner , Kate Reid , Fritz Weaver , Dirk Benedict , * ( ( Margaret Hamilton ) ) * and Charles Siebert . The 9th Festival ! Stratford presented A Midsummer Night 's Dream , performed by CT Free Shakespeare , on the grounds July 31-Aug 1 , 2013 . |
An_Unearthly_Child | An Unearthly Child ( sometimes referred to as 100,000 BC ) is the first serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It was first broadcast on BBC TV in four weekly parts from 23 November to 14 December 1963 . Scripted by the Australian writer Anthony Coburn , it introduces William Hartnell as the First Doctor and original companions ; Carole Ann Ford as the Doctor 's granddaughter Susan Foreman , with Jacqueline Hill and William Russell as school teachers Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton . The first episode deals with Ian and Barbara 's discovery of the Doctor and his time-space ship TARDIS in a junkyard in contemporary London . The remaining episodes are set amid a power struggle between warring Stone Age factions who have lost the secret of making fire . The first episode was recorded in September 1963 on 405-line black and white videotape . However , due to several technical and performance errors in the initial recording , creator Sydney Newman and producer Verity Lambert decided to rerecord the episode . A remount was made in October , when subtle revisions were made to the Doctor 's characterization . The launch of Doctor Who was overshadowed by the assassination of John F. Kennedy the previous day . The serial received favourable reviews and the four episodes attracted an average of 6 million viewers . |
Alexandre_Dumas | Alexandre Dumas ( -LSB- langduːmˈɑː , _ djuː - -RSB- , -LSB- alɛksɑ̃dʁ dyma -RSB- , born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie -LSB- dyma davi də la pajətʁi -RSB- 24 July 1802 -- 5 December 1870 ) , also known as Alexandre Dumas , père , was a French writer . His works have been translated into nearly 100 languages , and he is one of the most widely read French authors . Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials , including The Count of Monte Cristo , The Three Musketeers , Twenty Years After , and The Vicomte de Bragelonne : Ten Years Later . His novels have been adapted since the early twentieth century for nearly 200 films . Dumas ' last novel , The Knight of Sainte-Hermine , unfinished at his death , was completed by a scholar and published in 2005 , becoming a best seller . It was published in English in 2008 as The Last Cavalier . Prolific in several genres , Dumas began his career by writing plays , which were successfully produced from the first . He also wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books ; his published works totalled 100,000 pages . In the 1840s , Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris . His father , General Thomas-Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie , was born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue ( present-day Haiti ) to a French nobleman and an enslaved African woman . At age 14 Thomas-Alexandre was taken by his father to France , where he was educated in a military academy and entered the military for what became an illustrious career . Dumas ' father 's aristocratic rank helped young Alexandre acquire work with Louis-Philippe , Duke of Orléans . He later began working as a writer , finding early success . Decades later , in the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1851 , Dumas fell from favour and left France for Belgium , where he stayed for several years . Upon leaving Belgium , Dumas moved to Russia for a few years before going to Italy . In 1861 , he founded and published the newspaper L'Indipendente , which supported the Italian unification effort . In 1864 , he returned to Paris . Though married , in the tradition of Frenchmen of higher social class , Dumas had numerous affairs ( allegedly as many as forty ) . In his lifetime , he was known to have at least four illegitimate or `` natural '' children ; although twentieth-century scholars found that Dumas fathered another three `` natural '' children . He acknowledged and assisted his son , Alexandre Dumas , to become a successful novelist and playwright . They are known as Alexandre Dumas père ( father ) and Alexandre Dumas fils ( son ) . Among his affairs , in 1866 , Dumas had one with Adah Isaacs Menken , an American actress then less than half his age and at the height of her career . The English playwright Watts Phillips , who knew Dumas in his later life , described him as `` the most generous , large-hearted being in the world . He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on the face of the earth . His tongue was like a windmill -- once set in motion , you never knew when he would stop , especially if the theme was himself . '' |
American_Pearl_(album) | American Pearl is the eponymous , sole studio album by the Los Angeles hard rock band of the same name . Released on August 22 , 2000 , it featured the singles `` If We Were Kings '' and `` Free Your Mind . '' The track `` Automatic '' was featured on the Scream 3 soundtrack . Along with `` Free Your Mind , '' it also appeared in the Funimation dub of the animated movie Dragonball Z : Lord Slug in 2001 . The tracks `` Seven Years '' and `` Revelation '' also appeared in Dragonball Z : Cooler 's Revenge the following year . After signing with Wind-up Records in 1999 , the band opened concerts for Buckcherry and The Cult and even acquired a spot on Woodstock ' 99 . In promotion of their debut album , American Pearl toured extensively through North America and Japan , as a headliner and as support act for KISS , Creed , 3 Doors Down , and Days of the New . Stylistically , American Pearl differs from the popular alternative metal scene of the era and follows more in the vein classic hard rock acts and punk-laced LA bands of the 1980s . Indeed , the album was produced by Steve Jones of Sex Pistols fame and Mudrock . However , American Pearl has also been categorized as post-grunge . |
Alex_(A_Clockwork_Orange) | Alex is a fictional character in Anthony Burgess ' novel A Clockwork Orange and Stanley Kubrick 's film A Clockwork Orange , in which he is played by Malcolm McDowell . In the film , his surname is DeLarge , a reference to Alex calling himself Alexander the Large in the novel . In the film , however , two newspaper articles print his name as `` Alex Burgess '' . In addition to the book and film , Alex was portrayed by Vanessa Claire Smith in the ARK Theatre Company 's multi-media adaptation of A Clockwork Orange , directed by Brad Mays . |
Alex_Jones_(radio_host) | Alexander Emerick Jones ( born February 11 , 1974 ) is an American far-right radio show host , filmmaker , writer , and conspiracy theorist . He hosts The Alex Jones Show from Austin , Texas , which airs on the Genesis Communications Network and shortwave radio station WWCR across the United States and online . His website , InfoWars.com , has been labeled as a fake news website . Jones has been the center of many controversies , including his statements in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , about it being staged , adding support to Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories , and as an argument against gun control . He has accused the U.S. government of being involved in the Oklahoma City bombing , the September 11 attacks and the filming of fake Moon landings to hide NASA 's secret technology . He says that government and big business have colluded to create a New World Order through `` manufactured economic crises , sophisticated surveillance tech and -- above all -- inside-job terror attacks that fuel exploitable hysteria '' . Jones has described himself as a libertarian and paleoconservative , and has been described by others as conservative , right-wing , alt-right , and a pro-Russia propagandist . New York magazine described Jones as `` America 's leading conspiracy theorist '' , and the Southern Poverty Law Center describes him as `` the most prolific conspiracy theorist in contemporary America '' . When asked about these labels , Jones said that he is `` proud to be listed as a thought criminal against Big Brother '' . |
American_Classical_Orchestra | The American Classical Orchestra is an orchestra dedicated to performing music from the 17th , 18th , and 19th centuries . As a period instrument ensemble , ACO 's mission is to present the music as the composers might have heard it in their time using instruments and techniques from when the music was written . The American Classical Orchestra strives to present historically-informed performances that add to the cultural landscape of NYC . Founded by Artistic Director Thomas Crawford in 1984 as The Orchestra of the Old Fairfield Academy in Fairfield Connecticut , the American Classical Orchestra moved to New York City in 2005 . Since moving to New York City , ACO has established itself as the leading period instrument ensemble in the City . The American Classical Orchestra 's annual concert series , held largely at Alice Tully Hall in Lincoln Center , has garnered critical acclaim . `` The sublime original-instrument performance of J.S. Bach 's B-minor Mass by the American Classical Orchestra and Chorus last Saturday night at Lincoln Center 's Alice Tully Hall reminded me that a capacity for new revelations is one of the things that make great music great . '' Jon Sobel , Classicalite November 18 , 2014 `` Mr. Crawford 's performance was quite simply splendid . `` Der Tag '' is populated by a variety of characters , two named ( Jesus and John ) , the rest allegorical ( Faith , the Archangel , the Blessed and the like ) . Mr. Crawford divided them among his 16 choristers , who were almost uniformly excellent , both individually and as a body . '' James R. Oestreich , The New York Times October 14 , 2015 `` An Intimate Concert , With Original Instruments '' Anthony Tommasini , The New York Times November 18 , 2009 In 2001 , the American Classical Orchestra was invited to perform at the Metropolitan Museum during an exhibition entitled Art and the Empire City : New York , 1825 -- 1861 . The ACO presented two works premiered in New York during that time period . Additional highlights of ACO 's 31 years include appearing as part of the Lincoln Center Great Performers Series , a sold-out 25th Anniversary performance of the Beethoven 9th Symphony at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine , and a staged a performance of Handel 's opera Alceste as part of the American Classical Orchestra 's survey of Handel 's work during Handelfest in 2014 . The American Classical Orchestra has numerous recordings with renowned artists such as Malcolm Bilson and R.J. Kelley . Among the works recorded by the American Classical Orchestra are the complete wind concerti by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( featuring ACO 's principal players as soloists ) , Mozart 's Symphony No. 14 , K. 144 and Mozart 's three Piano Concerti , K. 107 , with fortepianist Malcolm Bilson . In 2010 , the American Classical Orchestra released a recording of Baroque oboe concerti with oboist Marc Schachman on the Centaur label . The American Classical Orchestra is dedicated to the appreciation and understanding of classical music through educational programs . The ACO 's educational mission is to spread historically-informed performance practices to new generations and instill a love for the music of the Baroque , Classical and early Romantic periods . For this work , the American Classical Orchestra was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts grant and Early Music America prize . An unusual feature of ACO concerts is that Artistic Director Thomas Crawford gives the pre-concert lecture , giving the audience first-hand insights into the performance . |
Air_commodore | Air commodore ( abbreviated as Air Cdre in the RAF , IAF and PAF ; AIRCDRE in the RNZAF and RAAF ) is a one-star rank and the most junior general rank of the air-officer which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force . The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence such as Zimbabwe , and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure . The name of the rank is always the full phrase and is never shortened to Commodore , which is a rank in various naval forces . Air commodore is a one-star rank and the most junior air officer rank , being immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal . It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6 and is equivalent to a commodore in the Royal Navy or a brigadier in the British Army or the Royal Marines . Unlike these two ranks , however , it has always been a substantive rank . Additionally , air commodores have always been considered to be air officers whilst Royal Navy commodores have not since the Napoleonic Wars been classified as officers of flag rank , and British Army brigadiers have not been considered to be general officers since 1922 when they ceased to be titled as brigadier-generals . In other NATO forces , such as the United States Armed Forces and the Canadian Armed Forces , the equivalent one-star rank is brigadier general . The equivalent rank in the Women 's Auxiliary Air Force , Women 's Royal Air Force ( until 1968 ) and Princess Mary 's Royal Air Force Nursing Service ( until 1980 ) was `` air commandant '' . |
Alex_Jones | Alex Jones may refer to : |
Amphibious_cargo_ship | Amphibious cargo ships were U.S. Navy ships designed specifically to carry troops , heavy equipment and supplies in support of amphibious assaults , and to provide naval gunfire support during those assaults . A total of 108 of these ships were built between 1943 and 1945 -- which worked out to an average of one ship every eight days . Six additional AKAs , featuring new and improved designs , were built in later years.They were originally called Attack Cargo Ships and designated AKA . In 1969 , they were renamed as Amphibious Cargo Ships and redesignated LKA . Compared to other cargo ship types , these ships could carry landing craft , were faster , had more armament , and had larger hatches and booms . Their holds were optimized for combat loading , a method of cargo storage where the items first needed ashore were at the top of the hold , and those needed later were lower down . Because these ships went into forward combat areas , they had Combat Information Centers and significant amounts of equipment for radio communication , neither of which were present in other cargo ships . As amphibious operations became more important in World War II , planners saw the need for a special kind of cargo ship , one that could carry both cargo and the LCM and LCVP boats with which to attack the beach , and that carried guns to assist in anti-air defense and shore bombardment . Specifications were drawn up , and beginning in early 1943 , the first 16 U.S. attack cargo ships were converted from Navy cargo ships that had previously been designated AK . During the course of the war , 108 such ships were built ; many of them were converted from non-military ships , or started out as non-military hulls . Attack cargo ships played a vital role in the Pacific War , where many were attacked by kamikazes and other aircraft , and several were torpedoed , but none were sunk or otherwise destroyed . Nine AKAs were present at the surrender ceremony in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945 . After the war , many AKAs were put into the National Defense Reserve Fleet . Others were converted for other uses , such as oceanographic surveying , undersea cable laying , and repairing other ships . Some of the reserve ships were recommissioned for service in the Korean War , and some stayed in service during the Vietnam War . Six more amphibious cargo ships , somewhat larger and of improved design , were built between 1954 and 1969 . In 1969 , the U.S. Navy redesignated all its AKA attack cargo ships as LKA amphibious cargo ships . At the same time , the other `` A '' designations of amphibious ships were changed to similar `` L '' designations . For example , all the APAs were redesignated as LPAs . In the 1960s , both the United States Navy and the British Royal Navy developed amphibious transport docks which gradually took on this unique amphibious role and today have assumed it completely . The last amphibious cargo ship in the U. S. Navy , USS El Paso ( LKA-117 ) , was decommissioned in April , 1994 . |
Allie_DeBerry | Alexandria Danielle `` Allie '' DeBerry ( born October 26 , 1994 ) is an American actress and model . She is best known for her recurring role on the Disney Channel Original Series , A.N.T. Farm , portraying the role of Paisley Houndstooth , the dimwitted best friend of Lexi Reed . DeBerry has landed notable guest roles in True Jackson VP as Cammy and guest starred for an episode of Disney Channel 's Shake It Up as Flynn 's crush Destiny . She starred in Rooster Teeth 's 2015 film Lazer Team , as Mindy . |
Alexandre_Le_Riche_de_La_Poupelinière | Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Poupelinière , sometimes also written Popelinière ou Poupelinière ( Paris , 1693 -- 5 December 1762 ) was an immensely wealthy fermier général , the only son of his father , Alexandre Le Riche ( 1663-1735 ) , seigneur of Courgains , ( Anjou ) and Brétignolles ( Touraine ) , likewise a fermier général . Besides his post as tax farmer , he was mainly one of the greatest patrons of music and musicians of the eighteenth century . A true patron of the Enlightenment he gathered round him a circle of artists , men of letters and musicians . He kept a private orchestra , `` the best that was known in those days '' , according to Jean-François Marmontel ( `` ... le meilleur concert de musique qui fût connu dans ce temps-là . '' ) , which was led for twenty-two years by Jean-Philippe Rameau , who was succeeded by Johann Stamitz and then by François-Joseph Gossec . The best Italian musicians , violinists , singers , were lodged with him and fed at his table , and all , according to Marmontel , were inspired to shine competitively in his salon . Voltaire was obliged to his generosity , and Maurice Quentin de La Tour and Carle van Loo both painted his portrait . Marmontel recalled later , `` Never did a bourgeois live in more princely style , and the princes came to enjoy his pleasures . '' ( `` Jamais bourgeois n ' a mieux vécu en prince , et les princes venaient jouir de ses plaisirs . '' ) Separated from his wife , La Poupelinière established himself luxuriously at Passy , a fashionable suburb west of Paris . The best singers from the Opéra and the most beautiful dancers embellished his suppers . In his private theatre he mounted his own comedies , one of them being Daïra ( 1760 ) ; Marmontel found them mediocre , but expressed with such taste and so well written that it was not excessive flattery to applaud them . He also published a Journal de voyage en Hollande ( 1731 ) and Tableaux et mœurs du temps dans les différents âges de la vie , which was published together with L'Histoire de Zaïrette in 1750 . Rameau met most of his librettists at the hôtel de La Poupelinière at Passy and his operas were composed in the house . He died at Passy , aged 69 . In the following year , composer François-Joseph Gossec was obliged to appear in court to obtain restitution of some of his own scores , which had been in La Poupelinière 's possession when he died . |
Airbus_Defence_and_Space_Spaceplane | The Airbus Defence and Space Spaceplane , also called EADS Astrium TBN according to some sources , is a suborbital spaceplane concept for carrying space tourists , proposed by EADS Astrium ( currently Airbus Defence and Space ) , the space subsidiary of the European consortium EADS ( currently Airbus Group ) . A full-size mockup was officially unveiled in Paris , France , on June 13 , 2007 , and is now on display in the Concorde hall of the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace . The project is the first space tourism entry by a major aerospace contractor . It is a rocket plane with a large wingspan , straight rearwards wing and a pair of canards . Propulsion is ensured by classical turbofan jet engines for the atmospheric phase and a methane-oxygen rocket engine for the space tourism phase . It can carry a pilot and four passengers . The dimensions and looks are somewhat similar to those of a business jet . , EADS Astrium hoped to start development of this rocket plane by 2008 , with the objective of a first flight in 2011 . There was also a possibility that the Tunisian area of Tozeur might be used for the initial flights . Demonstrator test flight regarding conditions encountered in the end-of-flight phase of a return from space occurred on June 5 , 2014 . EADS Astrium plans to raise public and private money for its project . |
American_IG | American IG owes its genesis to a German business conglomerate , namely , Interessens-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG , or IG Farben for short . The business , along with the industrial empire that `` IG '' controlled and commanded , has been described as `` a state within a state . '' The Farben cartel was created in 1925 , when Hermann Schmitz , the master organizer , with Wall Street financial assistance , created the giant chemical corporation , combining six already giant German chemical companies -- Badische Anilin - und Sodafabrik Ludwigshafen ( BASF ) , Bayer , Agfa , Hoechst , Weiler-ter-Meer , and Griesheim-Elektron . These six companies were merged into Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG or , IG Farben , for short . In year 1928 , the American holdings of IG Farben , namely , the American branches of Bayer Company , General Aniline Works , Agfa Ansco , and Winthrop Chemical Company , were organized into a Swiss holding company , which was named Internationale Gesellschaft für Chemische Unternehmungen AG or IG Chemie , in short . The controlling interest of this entity rested with IG Farben in Germany . In the following year , 1929 , just a decade before the outbreak of the Second World War , these American firms merged to become American IG Chemical Corporation , or American IG , later renamed General Aniline & Film . On the eve of World War II , IG Farben , the German chemical conglomerate , was the largest manufacturing enterprise in the world and exercised extraordinary economic and political clout in Nazi Germany . In 1936 , it was the principal source for Zyklon B , the poison used in German concentration camps . From 1942-1945 , the company used slave labor from Nazi concentration camps . After 1945 , three members of the board of governors of American IG were tried and convicted as German war criminals . In 1952 , IG Farben was split into BASF , Bayer , and Hoechst again . As a result of its 1966 acquisition of Sawyer 's , General Aniline & Film ( or GAF ) went on to produce the View-Master , a children 's toy , made today by Mattel 's `` Fisher-Price '' division . GAF today still exists as GAF Materials Corporation , mainly as a manufacturer of asphalt and building materials . |
Alexei_Fedorov | Alexei Fedorov ( Алексей Фёдоров , Aleksey Fyodorov , Аляксей Фёдараў , Aliaksey Fyodarau ; born 27 September 1972 ) is a chess grandmaster . Born in Mogilev , until 1992 he played for the Soviet Union , then briefly for Russia and from 1993 for the Belarusian Chess Federation . Fedorov became an International Master in 1992 and a Grandmaster in 1996 . He won the Belarusian Chess Championship in 1993 , 1995 , 2005 and 2008 and participated in seven Chess Olympiads with a performance of 54.3 % ( +22 = 32-16 ) . He took part in the FIDE world Chess Championship in 1999 , 2000 and 2002 . In 1999 he was knocked out in the fourth round , while in 2000 and 2002 he was knocked out in the first round . Fedorov is considered to be an opening specialist on the King 's Gambit and the Sicilian Defence , Dragon Variation . |
American_Expeditionary_Force_Siberia | The American Expeditionary Force Siberia ( AEF Siberia ) was a United States Army force that was involved in the Russian Civil War in Vladivostok , Russian Empire , during the end of World War I after the October Revolution , from 1918 to 1920 . As a result of this expedition , which failed but became known to the Bolsheviks , early relations between the United States and the Soviet Union would be low . U.S. President Woodrow Wilson 's claimed objectives for sending troops to Siberia were as much diplomatic as they were military . One major reason was to rescue the 40,000 men of the Czechoslovak Legion , who were being held up by Bolshevik forces as they attempted to make their way along the Trans-Siberian Railroad to Vladivostok , and it was hoped , eventually to the Western Front . Another major reason was to protect the large quantities of military supplies and railroad rolling stock that the United States had sent to the Russian Far East in support of the prior Russian government 's war efforts on the Eastern Front . Equally stressed by Wilson was the need to `` steady any efforts at self-government or self defense in which the Russians themselves may be willing to accept assistance . '' At the time , Bolshevik forces controlled only small pockets in Siberia and President Wilson wanted to make sure that neither Cossack marauders nor the Japanese military would take advantage of the unstable political environment along the strategic railroad line and in the resource-rich Siberian regions that straddled it . Concurrently and for similar reasons , about 5,000 American soldiers were sent to Arkhangelsk ( Archangel ) , Russia by Wilson as part of the separate Polar Bear Expedition . |
American_Gangster_(TV_series) | American Gangster is a documentary television series , which airs on BET . The show features some of black America 's most infamous and powerful gangsters and is narrated by Ving Rhames . The series premiere , on November 28 , 2006 , amassed around one million viewers . The first season ended on January 9 , 2007 , and comprised 6 episodes ; a season 1 DVD was released on October 23 , 2007 . The second season aired October 3 , 2007 ; a season 2 DVD was released on June 10 , 2008 . In April 2009 , A&E Networks purchased the rights to air seasons 1 -- 3 on their networks . They can be seen primarily on the Bio Channel and the flagship A&E Channel . They can also be seen on A&E 's Crime and Investigation Network . |
Amiens | Amiens ( -LSB- a.mjɛ̃ -RSB- ) is a city and commune in northern France , 120 km north of Paris and 100 km south-west of Lille . It is the capital of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France . The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census . It has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1,200 beds . Amiens Cathedral , the tallest of the large , classic , Gothic churches of the 13th century and the largest in France of its kind , is a World Heritage Site . The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905 , and served on the city council for 15 years . During December , the town hosts the largest Christmas market in northern France . Amiens is known for a few local foods , including `` macarons d'Amiens '' , almond paste biscuits ; `` tuiles amienoises '' , chocolate and orange curved biscuits ; `` pâté de canard d'Amiens '' , duck pate in pastry ; `` la ficelle Picarde '' , an oven-baked cheese-topped crêpe ; and `` flamiche aux poireaux '' , a puff pastry tart made with leeks and cream . |
American_entry_into_World_War_I | The American entry into World War I came in April 1917 , after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war . Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British , American public opinion reflected that of the president : the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans , German Americans and Scandinavian Americans , as well as among church leaders and among women in general . On the other hand , even before World War I had broken out , American opinion had been more negative toward Germany than towards any other country in Europe . Over time , especially after reports of atrocities in Belgium in 1914 and following the sinking of the passenger liner RMS Lusitania in 1915 , the American people increasingly came to see Germany as the aggressor in Europe . As U.S. President , it was Wilson who made the key policy decisions over foreign affairs : while the country was at peace , the domestic economy ran on a laissez-faire basis , with American banks making huge loans to Britain and France -- funds that were in large part used to buy munitions , raw materials and food from across the Atlantic . Until 1917 , Wilson made minimal preparations for a land war and kept the United States Army on a small peacetime footing , despite increasing demands for enhanced preparedness . He did however expand the United States Navy . In 1917 , with Russia experiencing political upheaval following widespread disillusionment there over the war , and with Britain and France low on credit , Germany appeared to have the upper hand in Europe , while her Ottoman ally clung stubbornly to her possessions in the Middle East . In the same year , Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel approaching British waters ; this attempt to starve Britain into surrender was balanced against the knowledge that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war . Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican -- American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram , which was intercepted by British Intelligence . Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic . Wilson then asked Congress for `` a war to end all wars '' that would `` make the world safe for democracy '' , and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6 , 1917 . On December 7 , 1917 , the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary . U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918 . |
All_Good_Things_(film) | All Good Things is a 2010 American mystery/crime romantic drama film directed by Andrew Jarecki starring Ryan Gosling and Kirsten Dunst . Inspired by the life of accused murderer Robert Durst , the film chronicles the life of the wealthy son of a New York real estate tycoon , and a series of murders linked to him , as well as his volatile relationship with his wife and her subsequent unsolved disappearance . All Good Things was filmed between April and July 2008 in Connecticut and New York . Originally scheduled for a July 24 , 2009 , release , the film ultimately received a limited release in December 3 , 2010 . The real-life Robert Durst professed admiration for All Good Things and offered to be interviewed , having not previously cooperated with journalistic media . Durst would ultimately sit with Jarecki for more than 20 hours over a multi-year period , resulting in the six-part documentary miniseries , The Jinx : The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst , shown on HBO in March 2015 . |
Alternative_finance | Alternative finance refers to financial channels and instruments that have emerged outside of the traditional finance system such as regulated banks and capital markets . Examples of alternative financing activities through ` online marketplaces ' are reward-based crowdfunding , equity crowdfunding , peer-to-peer consumer and business lending , invoice trading third party payment platforms . Alternative finance instruments include cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin , SME mini-bond , social impact bond , community shares , private placement and other ` shadow banking ' mechanisms . Alternative Finance differs to traditional banking or capital market finance through technology-enabled ` disintermediation ' , which means utilising third party capital by connecting fundraisers directly with funders , in turn , reducing transactional costs and improve market efficiency . Alternative finance has grown into a considerable global industry in recent years following the financial crisis according to various reports , particularly for small and medium enterprises . For instance , the European online alternative finance market is estimated to have reached nearly $ 3bn in 2014 and is projected to reach $ 7bn in 2015 . For the United Kingdom , according to the University of Cambridge and Nesta , the UK online alternative finance market reached # 1.74 bn in 2014 . In comparison , the alternative finance markets in France and Germany reached $ 154m and $ 140m respectively in 2014 . Alternative finance activities such as equity crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending are now regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom from 1 April 2014 . Peer-to-peer lending investment will be eligible for an Innovative Finance ISA from 2016 In the US , under the Title II of the JOBS Act , accredited investors are allowed to invest on equity crowdfunding platforms from September 2013 . The SEC then announced the updated and expanded Regulation A mandated by the Title IV of the JOBS Act to allow non-accredited investors to participate in equity crowdfunding . |
Airplane! | Airplane ! ( titled Flying High ! in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Japan and the Philippines ) is a 1980 American satirical parody film directed and written by David and Jerry Zucker as well as Jim Abrahams , and produced by Jon Davison . It stars Robert Hays and Julie Hagerty and features Leslie Nielsen , Robert Stack , Lloyd Bridges , Peter Graves , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , and Lorna Patterson . The film is a parody of the disaster film genre , particularly the 1957 Paramount film Zero Hour ! , from which it borrows the plot and the central characters , as well as many elements from Airport 1975 . The film is known for its use of surreal humor and its fast-paced slapstick comedy , including visual and verbal puns and gags . Airplane ! was a critical and financial success , grossing over $ 83 million in North America against a budget of $ 3.5 million , being released by Paramount Pictures . The film 's creators received the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Comedy , and nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and for the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay . In the years since its release , the film 's reputation has grown substantially . The film was ranked sixth on Bravo 's 100 Funniest Movies . In a 2007 survey by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom , it was judged the second greatest comedy film of all time , after Monty Python 's Life of Brian . In 2008 , Airplane ! was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time and in 2012 was voted number one in The 50 Funniest Comedies Ever poll . In 2010 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . |
Amethyst_(mixtape) | Amethyst is the fourth mixtape by American singer Tinashe , released on March 16 , 2015 . The mixtape follows the release of her debut album Aquarius ( 2014 ) . It was named for her birthstone . Tinashe recorded the mixtape in her bedroom over the 2014 Christmas vacation and released it as a `` thank you '' to her fans . |
All_That_Is_Within_Me | All That Is Within Me is the fifth studio album by American Christian rock band MercyMe . Produced by Brown Bannister , it was released on November 20 , 2007 through INO Records . The album , intended by the band to be a worship album split between covers and original songs , was recorded following the band 's tour with Audio Adrenaline in promotion of their previous studio album Coming Up to Breathe ( 2006 ) . Although the band intended to write material for a new album during the tour , they had only written one song by the time they entered their recording studio , Cider Mountain Studio in Athol , Idaho . The band wrote so many songs at the studio that they decided not to include any cover songs ; all of the songs on the album but were written or co-written by the band . The album was described as being a rock and worship album , being aimed directly at a Christian audience . All That Is Within Me received mostly positive reviews from critics , some of which considered it MercyMe 's best record to that point . However , some critics felt the album was too similar to the band 's previous works . The album sold 84,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number one on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and number 15 on the Billboard 200 . Three singles were released to radio : `` God with Us '' , which spent eight weeks at number one on the Billboard Christian Songs chart , `` You Reign '' , which peaked at number two on the Christian Songs chart and spent four weeks atop the Billboard Christian AC Songs chart , and `` Finally Home '' , which peaked at number three on the Christian Songs chart and number 16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart . All That Is Within Me has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , signifying shipments of over 500,000 copies . |
American_Revolution | The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies maintained by force of arms their refusal to submit to the authority of the King and Parliament of Great Britain , and founded the independent United States . Starting in 1765 , members of American colonial society rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them and to create other laws affecting them without colonial representatives in the government . During the following decade , protests continued to escalate by colonists ( known as Patriots ) , as in the Boston Tea Party in 1773 , during which patriots destroyed a consignment of taxed tea from the Parliament-controlled and favored East India Company . The British responded by closing Boston Harbour , demanding that it would not be re-opened until those responsible for the vandalism of property owned by innocent third party merchants paid for the damages caused by their actions in 1774 in what was known as the Coercive Acts , following which Patriots in the other colonies rallied behind Massachusetts . In late 1774 , the Patriots set up their own alternative government to better coordinate their resistance efforts against Great Britain , while other colonists , known as Loyalists , preferred to remain aligned to the British Crown . Tensions escalated to the outbreak of fighting between Patriot militia and British regulars at Lexington and Concord in April 1775 . The conflict then developed into a global war , during which the Patriots ( and later their French , Spanish , and Dutch allies ) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 1783 ) . Patriots in each of the thirteen colonies formed Provincial Congresses that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism , and from there built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington . The Continental Congress determined King George III 's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists ' `` rights as Englishmen '' , and declared the colonies free and independent states on July 4 , 1776 . The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy , and proclaimed that all men are created equal . Congress rejected British proposals requiring allegiance to the monarchy and abandonment of independence . The British were forced out of Boston in 1776 , but then captured and held New York City for the duration of the war . They blockaded the ports and captured other cities for brief periods , but failed to defeat Washington 's forces . After a failed Patriot invasion of Canada during the winter of 1775 -- 76 , a British army was captured at the Battle of Saratoga in late 1777 , following which the French openly entered the war as allies of the United States . The war later turned to the American South , where the British under the leadership of Charles Cornwallis captured an army at South Carolina but failed to enlist enough volunteers from Loyalist civilians to take effective control of the territory . A combined American -- French force captured a second British army at Yorktown in 1781 , effectively ending the war in the United States . The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the conflict , confirming the new nation 's complete separation from the British Empire . The United States took possession of nearly all the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes , with the British retaining control of Canada and Spain taking Florida . Among the significant results of the revolution was the creation of a new Constitution of the United States . The new Constitution established a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive , a national judiciary , and a bicameral Congress that represented states in the Senate and population in the House of Representatives . The Revolution also resulted in the migration of around 60,000 Loyalists to other British territories , especially British North America ( Canada ) . |
Amir_al-ʿarab | The amir al-ʿarab ( Arabic : أمير العرب , also known as amir al-ʿurban ; translation : `` commander of the Bedouins '' ) was a title denoting the commander or leader of the Bedouin tribes in Syria in successive Muslim states during the Middle Ages . The title was used as early as the 11th century to refer to Salih ibn Mirdas , but was formally turned into a state institution by the Ayyubid Sultanate and strengthened by the latter 's Mamluk successors . The office was preserved under the early Ottomans ( 16th -- 17th centuries ) , at least ceremonially , but its importance had faded by then . The jurisdiction of the amir al-ʿarab was generally limited to central and northern Syria , and he often held iqtaʿat ( fiefs ) in the Syrian steppe , which formed the imarat al-ʿarab ( emirate of the Bedouins ) . The imarat al-ʿarab was created both to co-opt the often rebellious Bedouin tribes of Syria and to enlist their support as auxiliary troops . Under the Mamluks , some of the principal duties of the amir al-ʿarab were guarding the desert frontier against the Mongol Ilkhanate in Iraq and Anatolia , ensuring Bedouin loyalty to the state , gathering intelligence on enemy forces , protecting infrastructure , villages and travelers from raids and providing horses and camels to the sultan . In return , the amir al-ʿarab was given iqtaʿat , an annual salary , official titles and honorary robes . Under the Ayyubids , numerous Arab emirs held the post at any given time and were endowed with iqtaʿat . However , with the onset of Mamluk rule in Syria in 1260 , it became a hereditary office consolidated by members of the Al Fadl dynasty , direct descendants of the Tayyid clan of Banu Jarrah . The office remained in the household of the Al Fadl emir , Isa ibn Muhanna , with occasional interruption , well into the early Ottoman era , during which Isa 's descendants took over leadership of the Mawali tribe . Under the Ottomans , the role of the amir al-ʿarab appeared centered on providing camels to the state and guarding the Hajj pilgrim caravan in return for annual payments . |
Albert_Einstein | Albert Einstein ( -LSB- ˈaɪnstaɪn -RSB- -LSB- ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn -RSB- ; 14 March 1879 -- 18 April 1955 ) was a German-born theoretical physicist . He developed the theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics ( alongside quantum mechanics ) . Einstein 's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass -- energy equivalence formula ( which has been dubbed `` the world 's most famous equation '' ) . He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics `` for his services to theoretical physics , and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect '' , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory . Near the beginning of his career , Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field . This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern ( 1902 -- 1909 ) , Switzerland . He realized , however , that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields , and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916 , he published a paper on general relativity . He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory , which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules . He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light . In 1917 , Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe . Between 1895 and 1914 he lived in Switzerland ( except for one year in Prague , 1911 -- 12 ) , where he received his academic diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich ( later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule , ETH ) in 1900 . He later taught there at the same institute as a professor of theoretical physics between 1912 and 1914 before he left for Berlin . In 1901 , after being stateless for more than five years , Einstein acquired Swiss citizenship , which he kept for the rest of his life . In 1905 , Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zürich . The same year , his annus mirabilis ( miracle year ) , he published four groundbreaking papers , which were to bring him to the notice of the academic world , at the age of 26 . He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and , being Jewish , did not go back to Germany , where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences . He settled in the United States , becoming an American citizen in 1940 . On the eve of World War II , he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of `` extremely powerful bombs of a new type '' and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research . This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project . Einstein supported defending the Allied forces , but generally denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon . Later , with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell , Einstein signed the Russell -- Einstein Manifesto , which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons . Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey , until his death in 1955 . Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works . Einstein 's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word `` Einstein '' synonymous with `` genius '' . |
Amalgamated_Bank | Founded on April 14 , 1923 , by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America , Amalgamated Bank is the largest union-owned bank and one of the only unionized banks in the United States . Amalgamated Bank is currently majority-owned by Workers United , an SEIU Affiliate . As of June 30 , 2015 , Amalgamated Bank has nearly $ 4 billion in assets . Through its Institutional Asset Management and Custody Division , Amalgamated Bank is one of the leading providers of investment and trust services to Taft-Hartley plans in the United States . As of June 30 , 2015 , the bank oversees approximately $ 40 billion in investment advisory and custodial services . Amalgamated Bank provides affordable and accessible banking to its customers , advocates for workers ' rights , and promotes high standards of environmental , social and corporate governance practices . Amalgamated Bank clients include progressive individuals and organizations like presidential campaigns , labor unions and nonprofits . |
Alone_(Heart_song) | `` Alone '' is a song composed by Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly . It first appeared via Steinberg and Kelly 's 1983 pet project , I-Ten , on Taking a Cold Look . It was later recorded by Valerie Stevenson and John Stamos in their roles as Lisa Copley and Gino Minelli , on the original soundtrack of the CBS sitcom Dreams in 1984 . American rock band Heart made it a number-one US and Canadian hit in 1987 . Twenty years later , Celine Dion recorded it for her album Taking Chances . |
Amazing_Eats | Amazing Eats is an American food reality television series that premiered on January 11 , 2012 on the Travel Channel . The program is hosted by actor and food enthusiast Adam Richman . In each episode , Richman tracks down cuisines of the United States . Episodes air every Wednesday at 9pm EST in place of Richman 's popular series Man v. Food during its mid-season break . The episodes consist primarily of footage from Man v. Food and Man v. Food Nation re-edited by theme instead of city , and with the eating challenge segments omitted . |
Ailuridae | Ailuridae is a family in the mammal order Carnivora . The family consists of the red panda ( the sole living representative ) and its extinct relatives . Frédéric Georges Cuvier first described Ailurus as belonging to the raccoon family in 1825 ; this classification has been controversial ever since . It was classified in the raccoon family because of morphological similarities of the head , colored ringed tail , and other morphological and ecological characteristics . Somewhat later , it was assigned to the bear family . Molecular phylogenetic studies show that , as an ancient species in the order Carnivora , the red panda is relatively close to the American raccoon and may be either a monotypic family or a subfamily within the procyonid family . An in-depth mitochondrial DNA population analysis study stated : `` According to the fossil record , the Red Panda diverged from its common ancestor with bears about 40 million years ago ( Mayr 1986 ) . With this divergence , by comparing the sequence difference between the red panda and the raccoon , the observed mutation rate for the red panda was calculated to be on the order of 109 , which is apparently an underestimate compared with the average rate in mammals . This underestimation is probably due to multiple recurrent mutations as the divergence between the red panda and the raccoon is extremely deep . '' The most recent molecular-systematic DNA research places the red panda into its own independent family , Ailuridae . Ailuridae are , in turn , part of a trichotomy within the broad superfamily Musteloidea ( Flynn et al. , 2001 ) that also includes the Procyonidae ( raccoons ) and a group that further subdivides into the Mephitidae ( skunks ) and Mustelidae ( weasels ) ; but it is not a bear ( Ursidae ) . Red pandas have no close living relatives , and their nearest fossil ancestors , Parailurus , lived 3-4 million years ago . There may have been as many as three different species of Parailurus , all larger and more robust in the head and jaw than Ailurus , living in Europe and Asia and possibly crossing the Bering Strait into the Americas . The red panda may be the sole surviving species - a specialized offshoot surviving the Ice Age in a Chinese mountain refuge . |
American_Gladiators_(2008_TV_series) | American Gladiators is an American competition TV show that aired on NBC and Citytv in Canada . Hosted by Hulk Hogan and Laila Ali , the show matches amateur athletes against each other and the show 's own `` gladiators '' in contests of strength , agility , and endurance . It is a remake of the original series of the same name which ran from 1989 -- 1996 , with elements of the UK version of the 1990s . The show is refereed by Al Kaplon , a former American League umpire , who can also be seen as the referee in Dodgeball : A True Underdog Story . Play-by-play narration is handled by Van Earl Wright . Season 1 was taped at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . Beginning with Season 2 , the show moved to the Los Angeles Sports Arena . It is produced by Reveille Productions and MGM Television . American Gladiators premiered on Sunday , January 6 , 2008 ; an average of 12 million people watched the two-hour premiere . All other Season 1 episodes aired Mondays at 8:00 ET/PT , except for the finale , which aired Sunday February 17 , 2008 at 7:00 ET/PT . Season 2 premiered May 12 , 2008 , on NBC , with a two-hour episode . The two-hour Season 2 finale aired on August 4 , 2008 at 8:00 ET/PT . While the final two-hour episode of Season 1 was devoted entirely to the finals , the Season 2 finale consisted of the third semifinal round followed by the finals . New episodes and new cast members were planned for a 3rd season in the summer of 2009 , however , NBC canceled those plans in March . In August 2008 , Season 1 of American Gladiators began airing on WKAQ-TV , Telemundo Puerto Rico every Sunday at 8 PM . In September 2008 , Season 1 of American Gladiators began airing on Sky1 in the United Kingdom on Tuesday afternoons . In April 2009 , Season 2 of American Gladiators began broadcasting on Sky1 on Saturday evenings . In Australia , American Gladiators started airing on Seven 's new free-to-air digital channel 7Two on Wednesdays at 7:30 pm from November 4 , 2009 . Today , the show ( plus the original one ) can be seen on Hulu . One of the female gladiators on this series , Jennifer Widerstrom , known as Phoenix on this show , later became a fitness trainer on The Biggest Loser , replacing Jillian Michaels . |