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Albert Camus ( , ; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist.

Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple.

The Plague () is a novel by Albert Camus.

Applied ethics refers to the practical application of moral considerations.

In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , is the non-negative value without regard to its sign.

An analog signal is any continuous signal representing some other quantity, i.e., "analogous" to another quantity.

Arecales is an order of flowering plants.

Hercule Poirot (, ) is a fictional Belgian detective created by British writer Agatha Christie.

Miss Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels and short stories.

April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, the fifth in the early Julian, the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days.

August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days.

According to the Abrahamic religions, Aaron ( or ; ’Ahărōn) was a prophet, high priest, and the elder brother of Moses.

Events Pre–1600 46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.

Events Pre-1600 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.

Events Pre-1600 769 – The Lateran Council condemns the Council of Hieria and anathematizes its iconoclastic rulings.

Events Pre-1600 30 – After being condemned to death by the Jewish court known as the Sanhedrin, Jesus of Nazareth is crucified at Golghotha.

Events Pre-1600 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.

Events Pre-1600 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days.

In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl functional group (−OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom.

Achill Island (; ) in County Mayo is the largest of the Irish isles, and is situated off the west coast of Ireland.

Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer.

In mathematics, a field is algebraically closed if every non-constant polynomial in (the univariate polynomial ring with coefficients in ) has a root in .

Events Pre-1600 1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.

Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian and former Soviet chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, ⁣and politician.

The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions.

Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.

Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy that advocates the elimination of centralized states in favor of a system of private property enforced by private agencies, free markets and the right-libertarian interpretation of self-ownership, which extends the concept to include control of private property as part of the self.

Events Pre-1600 48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.

Aristophanes (; , ; c. 446 – c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion (), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy.

Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer (; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian-German polymath.

The Austrian School is a heterodox school of economic thought that is based on methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motivations and actions of individuals.

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.

Aalborg Municipality is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Nordjylland on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.

Aarhus (, , ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality.

The northern cavefish or northern blindfish, Amblyopsis spelaea, is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana.

Abatement refers generally to a lessening, diminution, reduction, or moderation; specifically, it may refer to: Abatement of debts and legacies, a common law doctrine of wills Abatement in pleading, a legal defense to civil and criminal actions based purely on procedural and technical issues involving the death of parties Abatement (heraldry), a modification of the shield or coat of arms that supposedly can be imposed by authority (in England supposedly by the Court of Chivalry) for misconduct Asbestos abatement Bird abatement, driving or removing undesired birds from an area Dust abatement, the process of inhibiting the creation of excess soil dust, a pollutant that contributes to excess levels of particulate matter Graffiti abatement Nuisance abatement See also Abate (disambiguation) Noise mitigation, also known as noise abatement Tax holiday (or tax abatement) is used in the field of economic development to encourage businesses to relocate, expand, and more currently to retain facilities in a community 421-a tax abatement, a specific tax abatement program for affordable housing in New York City Marginal abatement cost, the marginal cost of reducing pollution

An amateur (; ; ) is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income.

Alexis Carrel (; 28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.

All Souls' Day, also known as the Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed and the Day of the Dead, is a day of prayer and remembrance for the faithful departed, which is observed by Roman Catholics and other Christian denominations annually on 2 November.

(; born , ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers.

André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947).

Algorithms for calculating variance play a major role in computational statistics.

The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Antigua and Barbuda, including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The politics of Antigua and Barbuda takes place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, wherein the Sovereign of Antigua and Barbuda is the head of state, appointing a Governor-General to act as vice-regal representative in the nation.

Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda are via media in the telecommunications industry.

The Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force is the armed forces of Antigua and Barbuda.

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews.

The economy of Azerbaijan has completed its post-Soviet transition into a major oil-based economy (with the completion of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline), from one where the state played the major role.

Azerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus region, situated at the juncture of Europe and Western Asia.

The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.

The Armed Forces of Azerbaijan () were re-established according to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the Armed Forces from 9 October 1991.

Armenia is a landlocked country in Western Asia, situated in the Transcaucasus region, between the Black and Caspian Seas, bordered on the north and east by Georgia and Azerbaijan and on the south and west by Iran, Azerbaijan's exclave Nakhchivan, and Turkey.

After registering steady increases during the Soviet period, the population of Armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017.

The politics of Armenia take place in the framework of the parliamentary representative democratic republic of Armenia, whereby the President of Armenia is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Armenia the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

The Armenian economy contracted sharply in 2020, by 5.7%.

This article considers transport in Armenia.

The Armed Forces of Armenia (), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Army (), is the national military of Armenia.

Since its independence, Armenia has maintained a policy of complementarism by trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran, Russia, and the West, including the United States and the European Union.

This article is about the demographics of American Samoa, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Politics of American Samoa takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic dependency, whereby the Governor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

The economy of American Samoa is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned.

Events Pre-1600 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.

Ibn Sina (), also known as Abu Ali Sina (), Pour Sina (), and often known in the West as Avicenna (;  – June 1037), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age, and the father of early modern medicine.

The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia.

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.

Abner Doubleday (June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893) was a career United States Army officer and Union major general in the American Civil War.

America's National Game is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911, that details the early history of the sport of baseball.

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel ( ; ; or ; ; 10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.

Abbot (from the Aramaic Abba meaning "father") is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity.

Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia.

An assembly line is a manufacturing process (often called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced.

Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city of Australia.

Alan Garner (born 17 October 1934) is an English novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional British folk tales.

Events Pre-1600 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, that separates the old world from the new world.

An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.

In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself.

Accordions (from 19th-century German Akkordeon, from Akkord—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to natural intelligence displayed by animals including humans.

Afro Celt Sound System is a British musical group who fuse electronic music with traditional Gaelic and West African music.

This page lists some links to ancient philosophy, namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history (c. 600 CE).

Anaximander (; Anaximandros; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey).

APL is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to: Organizations APL (shipping company), a Singapore-based container and shipping company Aden Protectorate Levies, a militia force for local defense of the Aden Protectorate Advanced Production and Loading, a Norwegian marine engineering company formed in 1993 Afghanistan Premier League, an Afghan Twenty20 cricket league Afghan Premier League, a men's football league in Afghanistan American Patriot League, a proposed American football spring league American Premier League, a proposed Twenty20 cricket league in the US American President Lines, a container transportation and shipping company American Protective League, a World War I-era pro-war organization Applied Physics Laboratory, at Johns Hopkins University Association of Pension Lawyers, UK Irish Anti-Partition League, a Northern Ireland political organisation Aurora Public Library (disambiguation), several Aurora Public Libraries use the APL abbreviation Science and technology Abductor pollicis longus muscle, in the human hand Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia 132524 APL, an asteroid Nampula Airport (IATA: APL), in Mozambique Applied Physics Letters, a physics journal also abbreviated as Appl.

An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings.

An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method.

Aphrodite ( ; ; , , ) is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion and procreation.

It is the first day of the second quarter of the year, and the midway point of the first half of the year.

In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is antisymmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of each of which is related by to the other.

Aleister Crowley (; born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist, and mountaineer.

The afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the world to come) is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's identity or their stream of consciousness continues to live after the death of their physical body.

Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies.

Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, handicraft, and warfare who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.

The Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his Chronicles of Amber.

Athene or Athena is the shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour in Greek mythology.

An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal.

Throughout history, forms of art have gone through periodic abrupt changes called artistic revolutions.

Agrarianism is a political and social philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, smallholdings, egalitarianism, with agrarian political parties normally supporting the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants against the wealthy in society.

Atomic may refer to: Of or relating to the atom, the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties Atomic physics, the study of the atom Atomic Age, also known as the "Atomic Era" Atomic scale, distances comparable to the dimensions of an atom Atom (order theory), in mathematics Atomic (cocktail), a champagne cocktail Atomic (magazine), an Australian computing and technology magazine Atomic Skis, an Austrian ski producer Music Atomic (band), a Norwegian jazz quintet Atomic (Lit album), 2001 Atomic (Mogwai album), 2016 Atomic, an album by Rockets, 1982 Atomic (EP), by , 2013 "Atomic" (song), by Blondie, 1979 "Atomic", a song by Tiger Army from Tiger Army III: Ghost Tigers Rise See also Atom (disambiguation) Atomicity (database systems) Nuclear (disambiguation) Atomism, philosophy about the basic building blocks of reality Atomic formula, a formula without subformulas Atomic number, the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom Atomic chess, a chess variant Atomic coffee machine, a 1950s stovetop coffee machine Atomic operation, in computer science Atomic TV, a channel launched in 1997 in Poland Nuclear power Nuclear weapon