Datasets:

vcr-org
/

VCR-wiki-en-hard-test-500

question_id int64 0 499	caption stringlengths 42 171	crossed_text sequencelengths 1 4
0	"The Tour de France is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other	[ "while also occasionally passing through", "The Tour de France is" ]
1	"The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament, and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible. Its title is derived from the first word	[ "and consequently is also the", "Book of Revelation is the", "Its title is derived from" ]
2	Jafarganj Cemetery was built by Mir Jafar over an area of 3.51 acres within an enclosure of waved walls, about half a mile north to the Nizamat Fort	[ "within an enclosure of waved" ]
3	The National Guard of Ukraine went through three stages in its evolution into the entity we see today. This is reflected in the type of weaponry used: from that of a	[ "into the entity we see", "reflected in the type of" ]
4	Charles I d'Albret was Constable of France from 1402 until 1411, and again from 1413 until 1415. He was also the co-commander of the French army at the Battle	[ "was Constable of France from", "He was also the co" ]
5	The highest-selling albums and extended plays in Japan are ranked on the Oricon Weekly Chart, which is published by Oricon Style magazine. The data	[ "plays in Japan are ranked" ]
6	"Russell Clifford ""Cliff"" Durant was an American racecar driver. He was the son of William C. Durant, the founder of General Motors and his first wife, Clara	[ "was an American racecar driver", "He was the son of" ]
7	The Volkspark am Weinberg is the only Volkspark in Berlin's Mitte locality in the district of the same name and covers an area of 4.3 hectares. It is bordered by	[ "of the same name and", "is the only Volkspark in" ]
8	Jake Lappin is an Australian wheelchair athletics competitor. He represented Australia in athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics but did not medal.	[ "Paralympics but did not medal" ]
9	The Dampf-Kleinbahn Mühlenstroth is a voluntarily run 600mm narrow gauge steam railway in Gütersloh, Germany.	[ "narrow gauge steam railway in" ]
10	"Ultralight aviation is the flying of lightweight, 1- or 2-seat fixed-wing aircraft. Some countries differentiate between weight-shift control and	[ "Ultralight aviation is the flying", "Some countries differentiate between weight" ]
11	North District Council is one of the 18 Hong Kong district councils and represents the North District. Consisting of 22 members, the district council is	[ "Kong district councils and represents" ]
12	"Arnaud Jean-Georges Beltrame was a lieutenant colonel in the French Gendarmerie nationale and deputy commander of the Departmental Gendarmerie's	[ "a lieutenant colonel in the", "nationale and deputy commander of" ]
13	Crowns were an English folk punk band from Launceston, Cornwall, England, formed in 2010. The band consisted of lead singer and guitarist Bill Jefferson, bass	[ "English folk punk band from", "consisted of lead singer and" ]
14	"The 18th Arkansas Infantry (Marmaduke's) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. The unit was also	[ "regiment during the American Civil" ]
15	Yeast assimilable nitrogen or YAN is the combination of Free Amino Nitrogen, ammonia and ammonium that is available for the wine yeast Saccharomyces	[ "ammonium that is available for" ]
16	The Ghana telephone numbering plan is the system used for assigning telephone numbers in Ghana. It is regulated by the National Communications	[ "the system used for assigning" ]
17	The Zotino Tall Tower Observation Facility is a climatic research station in the Siberian taiga in the proximity of Zotino, Russia, established and operated	[ "climatic research station in the" ]
18	Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal water craft manufactured by Kawasaki, a Japanese company. The term is often used generically to refer to	[ "brand name of a personal", "used generically to refer to" ]
19	This is a list of selected dishes found in Indonesian cuisine.	[ "This is a list of" ]
20	The Amazônia National Park was created in 1974, as a national park comprising 1,070,737 ha. It is situated in Itaituba and Trairão municipalities, Pará state, in the	[ "as a national park comprising", "is situated in Itaituba and" ]
21	"Egypt–Japan relations are foreign relations between Egypt and Japan. Such relations are described by the Egyptian ambassador to Japan as a ""very	[ "relations are foreign relations between", "ambassador to Japan as a" ]
22	The American bullfrog is a semi-aquatic frog. It belongs to the family Ranidae, or 'true frogs'. Bullfrogs are native to most of North America, Canada	[ "belongs to the family Ranidae", "Bullfrogs are native to most" ]
23	The Waco 10/GXE/Waco O series was a range of three-seat open-cockpit biplanes built by the Advance Aircraft Company, later the Waco Aircraft Company.	[ "series was a range of" ]
24	Arzens is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France.	[ "is a commune in the" ]
25	Brookline Hills is an MBTA light rail station in Brookline, Massachusetts. It serves the Green Line D branch. It is located west of Cypress Street in the	[ "light rail station in Brookline", "It is located west of" ]
26	Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani is a Pakistani politician who is from Balochistan and is the 8th and current Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. He took his oath of	[ "is from Balochistan and is", "and current Chairman of the", "He took his oath of" ]
27	The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the	[ "a professional ice hockey team" ]
28	Glen Tanar is a glen in Aberdeenshire, eastern Scotland, through which the Water of Tanar flows. Near the mouth of the glen, at Tower o' Ess, the Water	[ "is a glen in Aberdeenshire", "Near the mouth of the" ]
29	Zengwen Dam, also spelled Tsengwen Dam, is a major earthen dam in Dapu Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan on the Zengwen River. It is the third	[ "a major earthen dam in" ]
30	"James Walker Hood was an African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church bishop in North Carolina from 1872 to 1916. Before emancipation, he was an active	[ "bishop in North Carolina from" ]
31	Pierre Lacaze was a French athlete. He competed in the men's high jump at the 1948 Summer Olympics.	[ "'s high jump at the" ]
32	This is a list of townships in the Canadian province of Ontario. Townships are listed by census division.	[ "a list of townships in", "are listed by census division" ]
33	The was sceptre is a symbol that appeared often in relics, art, and hieroglyphics associated with the ancient Egyptian religion. It appears as a stylized animal	[ "that appeared often in relics", "and hieroglyphics associated with the", "appears as a stylized animal" ]
34	Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall is located in Tunica Resorts, Mississippi. Officially known as a riverboat casino because the gaming area is situated on a	[ "because the gaming area is" ]
35	Ranot District is the northernmost district of Songkhla Province, southern Thailand.	[ "northernmost district of Songkhla Province" ]
36	MEVA Formwork Systems is a worldwide producer of formwork systems. Headquartered in Germany under the name MEVA Schalungs-System GmbH, the	[ "a worldwide producer of formwork", "Germany under the name MEVA" ]
37	Charlene Mae Gonzales Bonnin-Muhlach is a Filipino actress, television and film personality and beauty queen. Gonzalez won the Binibining	[ "film personality and beauty queen" ]
38	The National Science and Technology Museum is a museum of applied science and technology in Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.	[ "applied science and technology in" ]
39	The Meanest Gal in Town is a 1934 American Pre-Code romantic comedy, directed by Russell Mack from a screenplay written by Richard Schayer,	[ "from a screenplay written by" ]
40	Republic Airport is a regional airport in East Farmingdale, New York, located one mile east of Farmingdale village limits.	[ "regional airport in East Farmingdale", "east of Farmingdale village limits" ]
41	Jean-Philippe Lauer, was a French architect and Egyptologist. He was considered to be the foremost expert on pyramid construction techniques	[ "He was considered to be" ]
42	This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. It begins with the Prince of Novgorod Rurik in the year 862. It ends with the Emperor of	[ "all reigning monarchs in the", "with the Prince of Novgorod", "It ends with the Emperor" ]
43	Cumae was the first ancient Greek colony on the mainland of Italy, founded by settlers from Euboea in the 8th century BC and soon becoming one of the	[ "founded by settlers from Euboea" ]
44	Kayakusa Station is a railway station located in the city of Kitaakita, Akita Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector railway operator Akita	[ "is a railway station located" ]
45	Charleroi is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. By January 1, 2008, the total population of Charleroi was	[ "in the province of Hainaut", "a city and a municipality", "total population of Charleroi was" ]
46	Morbio Inferiore is a municipality of the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It is in the hills above Chiasso. It is in the district of Mendrisio.	[ "Morbio Inferiore is a municipality", "is in the hills above", "is in the district of" ]
47	The Leeds Blitz comprised nine air raids on the city of Leeds, the United Kingdom's third largest city, by the Nazi German Luftwaffe. The heaviest raid took	[ "air raids on the city" ]
48	This page is a list of present-day bridges over the River Seine and its channels, sorted by département, and then sorted from downstream to upstream.	[ "This page is a list", "and then sorted from downstream" ]
49	Wesley Michael Brown is an English professional footballer who last played as a defender for Indian club Kerala Blasters.	[ "who last played as a" ]
50	11th Street is a rail stop in the central city neighborhood of Michigan City, Indiana. It serves the South Shore Line commuter rail system and is one of two	[ "Street is a rail stop", "commuter rail system and is" ]
51	"Aquatica lateralis, known as ""heike-botaru"" in Japanese, is a species of firefly found in Russia, Japan and Korea. It was formerly placed in the genus Luciola. The	[ "of firefly found in Russia", "It was formerly placed in" ]
52	Faverolles is a former commune in the Cantal department in south-central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Arcomie.	[ "a former commune in the", "it was merged into the" ]
53	This list presents the full set of buildings, structures, objects, sites, or districts designated on the National Register of Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon,	[ "presents the full set of" ]
54	Thurles is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of same name in the barony of Eliogarty and in the ecclesiastical parish of Thurles.	[ "a town in County Tipperary", "civil parish of same name", "and in the ecclesiastical parish" ]
55	Downing is a village in Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States. Bordering St. Croix County to the west, the village is otherwise surrounded by the	[ "Downing is a village in", "Croix County to the west" ]
56	Diemen is a town and municipality with a population of 29,196 in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is located approximately 6 kilometres	[ "municipality with a population of", "the province of North Holland" ]
57	The Sykes–Picot Agreement was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and Italy, to define their mutually	[ "treaty between the United Kingdom", "with assent from the Russian" ]
58	A spirit way is the ornate road leading to a Chinese tomb of a major dignitary.	[ "A spirit way is the", "tomb of a major dignitary" ]
59	Lincoln is the luxury vehicle division of American automobile manufacturer Ford. Marketed among the top luxury vehicle brands in the United States, for	[ "is the luxury vehicle division", "among the top luxury vehicle" ]
60	Powderham Castle is a fortified manor house situated within the parish and former manor of Powderham, within the former hundred of Exminster, Devon,	[ "parish and former manor of" ]
61	Astana Platform was created after several meetings in Nur-Sultan between members of the Syrian opposition forces. The platform is headed by the Syrian	[ "created after several meetings in", "The platform is headed by" ]
62	Prince Emmanuel of Belgium is the younger son and third child of King Philippe and Queen Mathilde of Belgium. He is currently third in line to the throne of Belgium after	[ "of Belgium is the younger", "the throne of Belgium after" ]
63	Bucchianico is a comune and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy.	[ "in the Abruzzo region of", "is a comune and town" ]
64	Night Must Fall is a 1937 American film adaptation of the play by Emlyn Williams, adapted by John Van Druten and directed by Richard Thorpe. It stars	[ "Night Must Fall is a", "adaptation of the play by" ]
65	Terrace End is a suburb of Palmerston North, New Zealand.	[ "a suburb of Palmerston North" ]
66	Silphium was a plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning, perfume, as an aphrodisiac, or as a medicine. It also was used as a contraceptive	[ "a plant that was used", "classical antiquity as a seasoning", "was used as a contraceptive" ]
67	Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital and largest city of Brunei. It is officially governed as a municipality. Bandar Seri Begawan has an estimated	[ "the capital and largest city", "It is officially governed as" ]
68	Hane goshi is a throw in judo. It is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the third group, Sankyo, of the traditional	[ "Hane goshi is a throw" ]
69	Matina is the fifth canton in the province of Limón in Costa Rica. The canton covers an area of 576.48 km², and has a population of 37,549. Its capital city is also	[ "province of Limón in Costa", "and has a population of", "Its capital city is also" ]
70	Toni Rüttimann, is a Swiss bridge builder who works in Southeast Asia and in Latin America, where he is known as Toni el Suizo.	[ "where he is known as" ]
71	Maruggio is a village and comune in the province of Taranto, Apulia, southeast Italy. The village is located in a natural depression 2 kilometres from the Gulf of	[ "in the province of Taranto", "village is located in a" ]
72	Adolphus von Dalberg was a German Benedictine Prince-Abbot of Fulda Abbey and founder of the former university in the same city — University of	[ "of the former university in" ]
73	Polyethnicity refers to the proximity of people from different ethnic backgrounds within a country or other specific geographic region. It also relates	[ "Polyethnicity refers to the proximity", "backgrounds within a country or" ]
74	Since the United States Post Office issued its first stamp in 1847, over 4,000 stamps have been issued and over 800 people featured. Many of these people	[ "stamps have been issued and" ]
75	Monique Laurent is a French computer scientist and mathematician who is an expert in mathematical optimization. She is a researcher at the Centrum	[ "who is an expert in", "is a researcher at the" ]
76	"In Greek mythology, Helen of Troy, Helen, Helena, also known as Helen of Sparta, was said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. She was	[ "been the most beautiful woman", "also known as Helen of" ]
77	Espelette is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.	[ "is a commune in the" ]
78	This is a list of karst springs. There are different types of karst springs, including inversacs, Vauclusian springs, vruljas, and others. All of them form in	[ "is a list of karst", "There are different types of", "All of them form in" ]
79	Crime is present in various forms in North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.	[ "is present in various forms" ]
80	"Denzel Spencer, better known by his stage name Roy Woods, is a Canadian singer, rapper and songwriter. He is best known for his song ""Jealousy"". Woods is	[ "known by his stage name", "He is best known for" ]
81	"Heinold's First and Last Chance is a waterfront saloon opened by John M. Heinold in 1883 on Jack London Square in Oakland, California, United States. The	[ "is a waterfront saloon opened" ]
82	RFA Wave Ruler is a Wave-class tanker fast fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary of the United Kingdom tasked with providing fuel, food, fresh water,	[ "RFA Wave Ruler is a", "Auxiliary of the United Kingdom" ]
83	The National Museum is a Czech museum institution intended to systematically establish, prepare, and publicly exhibit natural scientific and historical	[ "exhibit natural scientific and historical", "institution intended to systematically establish" ]
84	Alexandru Callimachi was Prince of Moldavia during the period of 6 May 1795 through 18 March 1799.	[ "was Prince of Moldavia during" ]
85	The Cairn of Barnenez is a Neolithic monument located near Plouezoc'h, on the Kernéléhen peninsula in northern Finistère, Brittany. It dates to the early	[ "Neolithic monument located near Plouezoc'h", "It dates to the early" ]
86	Vejdirektoratet or the Danish Road Directorate is responsible for the national road network of Denmark, which comprises motorways, a number of main	[ "for the national road network" ]
87	A high Earth orbit is a geocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit. The orbital periods of such orbits are greater than 24 hours,	[ "altitude entirely above that of", "orbit is a geocentric orbit", "The orbital periods of such" ]
88	"The flag of Jersey is composed of a red saltire on a white field. In the upper quadrant the badge of Jersey surmounted by a yellow ""Plantagenet crown"". The flag	[ "of Jersey is composed of", "badge of Jersey surmounted by" ]
89	Kyoto, officially Kyoto City, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the	[ "is the capital city of", "region on the island of", "forms a part of the" ]
90	Kanasashi Station is a railway station in Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third sector Tenryū Hamanako Railroad.	[ "is a railway station in" ]
91	A high-occupancy vehicle lane is a restricted traffic lane reserved for the exclusive use of vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers, including carpools,	[ "a restricted traffic lane reserved", "vehicles with a driver and" ]
92	Countess Yoko Nagae Ceschina was a Japanese-born patron of the arts and noted patroness of classical music.	[ "noted patroness of classical music" ]
93	Gary Alexis Medel Soto is a Chilean professional footballer who plays for Italian club Bologna as a defensive midfielder. However, he can also play as a	[ "professional footballer who plays for", "can also play as a" ]
94	Kandatsu Station } is a JR East railway station located in Tsuchiura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.	[ "railway station located in Tsuchiura" ]
95	Platycheirus scambus is a species of hoverfly. It is a Holarctic species.	[ "scambus is a species of" ]
96	Denver Edward Beanland AM is a former politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly and leader of the	[ "is a former politician in", "He was a Member of" ]
97	The architecture of Costa Rica includes remains from the pre-Columbian Era, all the way to modern buildings that form part of the nation's contemporary	[ "Rica includes remains from the", "all the way to modern" ]
98	Heaton Park is a municipal park in Manchester, England, covering an area of over 600 acres. The park includes the grounds of a Grade I listed, neoclassical 18th	[ "a municipal park in Manchester", "The park includes the grounds" ]
99	Mustafa Zeki Ugurlu was a two-star admiral in the Turkish Navy who recently served as a flag officer at NATO Supreme Allied Command Transformation	[ "recently served as a flag" ]

End of preview. Expand in Dataset Viewer.

The VCR-Wiki Dataset for Visual Caption Restoration (VCR)

🏠 Paper | 👩🏻‍💻 GitHub | 🤗 Huggingface Datasets | 📏 Evaluation with lmms-eval

This is the official Hugging Face dataset for VCR-Wiki, a dataset for the Visual Caption Restoration (VCR) task.

VCR is designed to measure vision-language models' capability to accurately restore partially obscured texts using pixel-level hints within images. text-based processing becomes ineffective in VCR as accurate text restoration depends on the combined information from provided images, context, and subtle cues from the tiny exposed areas of masked texts.

We found that OCR and text-based processing become ineffective in VCR as accurate text restoration depends on the combined information from provided images, context, and subtle cues from the tiny exposed areas of masked texts. We develop a pipeline to generate synthetic images for the VCR task using image-caption pairs, with adjustable caption visibility to control the task difficulty. However, this task is generally easy for native speakers of the corresponding language. Initial results indicate that current vision-language models fall short compared to human performance on this task.

Benchmark

EM means "Exact Match" and Jaccard means "Jaccard Similarity". The best in closed source and open source are highlighted in bold. The second best are highlighted in italic. Closed source models are evaluated based on 500 test samples, while open source models are evaluated based on 5000 test samples.

Model	Size (unknown for closed source)	En Easy EM	En Easy Jaccard	En Hard EM	En Hard Jaccard	Zh Easy EM	Zh Easy Jaccard	Zh Hard EM	Zh Hard Jaccard
Claude 3 Opus	-	62.0	77.67	37.8	57.68	0.9	11.5	0.3	9.22
Claude 3.5 Sonnet	-	63.85	74.65	41.74	56.15	1.0	7.54	0.2	4.0
GPT-4 Turbo	-	78.74	88.54	45.15	65.72	0.2	8.42	0.0	8.58
GPT-4V	-	52.04	65.36	25.83	44.63	-	-	-	-
GPT-4o	-	91.55	96.44	73.2	86.17	14.87	39.05	2.2	22.72
GPT-4o-mini	-	83.60	87.77	54.04	73.09	1.10	5.03	0	2.02
Gemini 1.5 Pro	-	62.73	77.71	28.07	51.9	1.1	11.1	0.7	11.82
Qwen-VL-Max	-	76.8	85.71	41.65	61.18	6.34	13.45	0.89	5.4
Reka Core	-	66.46	84.23	6.71	25.84	0.0	3.43	0.0	3.35
Cambrian-1	34B	79.69	89.27	27.20	50.04	0.03	1.27	0.00	1.37
Cambrian-1	13B	49.35	65.11	8.37	29.12	-	-	-	-
Cambrian-1	8B	71.13	83.68	13.78	35.78	-	-	-	-
CogVLM	17B	73.88	86.24	34.58	57.17	-	-	-	-
CogVLM2	19B	83.25	89.75	37.98	59.99	9.15	17.12	0.08	3.67
CogVLM2-Chinese	19B	79.90	87.42	25.13	48.76	33.24	57.57	1.34	17.35
DeepSeek-VL	1.3B	23.04	46.84	0.16	11.89	0.0	6.56	0.0	6.46
DeepSeek-VL	7B	38.01	60.02	1.0	15.9	0.0	4.08	0.0	5.11
DocOwl-1.5-Omni	8B	0.84	13.34	0.04	7.76	0.0	1.14	0.0	1.37
GLM-4v	9B	43.72	74.73	24.83	53.82	31.78	52.57	1.20	14.73
Idefics2	8B	15.75	31.97	0.65	9.93	-	-	-	-
InternLM-XComposer2-VL	7B	46.64	70.99	0.7	12.51	0.27	12.32	0.07	8.97
InternLM-XComposer2-VL-4KHD	7B	5.32	22.14	0.21	9.52	0.46	12.31	0.05	7.67
InternLM-XComposer2.5-VL	7B	41.35	63.04	0.93	13.82	0.46	12.97	0.11	10.95
InternVL-V1.5	26B	14.65	51.42	1.99	16.73	4.78	26.43	0.03	8.46
InternVL-V2	26B	74.51	86.74	6.18	24.52	9.02	32.50	0.05	9.49
InternVL-V2	40B	84.67	92.64	13.10	33.64	22.09	47.62	0.48	12.57
InternVL-V2	76B	83.20	91.26	18.45	41.16	20.58	44.59	0.56	15.31
InternVL-V2-Pro	-	77.41	86.59	12.94	35.01	19.58	43.98	0.84	13.97
MiniCPM-V2.5	8B	31.81	53.24	1.41	11.94	4.1	18.03	0.09	7.39
Monkey	7B	50.66	67.6	1.96	14.02	0.62	8.34	0.12	6.36
Qwen-VL	7B	49.71	69.94	2.0	15.04	0.04	1.5	0.01	1.17
Yi-VL	34B	0.82	5.59	0.07	4.31	0.0	4.44	0.0	4.12
Yi-VL	6B	0.75	5.54	0.06	4.46	0.00	4.37	0.00	4.0

Model Evaluation

Method 1: use the evaluation script

Open-source evaluation

We support open-source model_id:

["openbmb/MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2-vl-7b",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2-4khd-7b",
"internlm/internlm-xcomposer2d5-7b",
"HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b",
"Qwen/Qwen-VL-Chat",
"THUDM/cogvlm2-llama3-chinese-chat-19B",
"THUDM/cogvlm2-llama3-chat-19B",
"THUDM/cogvlm-chat-hf",
"echo840/Monkey-Chat",
"THUDM/glm-4v-9b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-phi3-3b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-8b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-13b",
"nyu-visionx/cambrian-34b",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-26B",
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-40B"
"OpenGVLab/InternVL2-Llama3-76B",]

For the models not on list, they are not intergated with huggingface, please refer to their github repo to create the evaluation pipeline. Examples of the inference logic are in src/evaluation/inference.py

pip install -r requirements.txt
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and vcr_wiki_en_easy as an example
cd src/evaluation
# Evaluate the results and save the evaluation metrics to {model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json
python3 evaluation_pipeline.py --dataset_handler "vcr-org/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test" --model_id HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b --device "cuda" --output_path . --bootstrap --end_index 5000

For large models like "OpenGVLab/InternVL2-Llama3-76B", you may have to use multi-GPU to do the evaluation. You can specify --device to None to use all GPUs available.

Close-source evaluation (using API)

We provide the evaluation script for the close-source models in src/evaluation/closed_source_eval.py.

You need an API Key, a pre-saved testing dataset and specify the path of the data saving the paper

pip install -r requirements.txt
cd src/evaluation
# [download images to inference locally option 1] save the testing dataset to the path using script from huggingface
python3 save_image_from_dataset.py --output_path .
# [download images to inference locally option 2] save the testing dataset to the path using github repo
# use en-easy-test-500 as an example
git clone https://github.com/tianyu-z/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500.git

# specify your image path if you would like to inference using the image stored locally by --image_path "path_to_image", otherwise, the script will streaming the images from github repo
python3 closed_source_eval.py --model_id gpt4o --dataset_handler "VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500" --api_key "Your_API_Key"

# Evaluate the results and save the evaluation metrics to {model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json
python3 evaluation_metrics.py --model_id gpt4o --output_path . --json_filename "gpt4o_en_easy.json" --dataset_handler "vcr-org/VCR-wiki-en-easy-test-500"

# To get the mean score of all the `{model_id}_{difficulty}_{language}_evaluation_result.json` in `jsons_path` (and the std, confidence interval if `--bootstrap`) of the evaluation metrics
python3 gather_results.py --jsons_path .

Method 2: use VLMEvalKit framework

You may need to incorporate the inference method of your model if the VLMEvalKit framework does not support it. For details, please refer to here

git clone https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit.git
cd VLMEvalKit
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and VCR_EN_EASY_ALL as an example
python run.py --data VCR_EN_EASY_ALL --model idefics2_8b --verbose

You may find the supported model list here.

VLMEvalKit supports the following VCR --data settings:

English
- Easy
  - VCR_EN_EASY_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_EN_EASY_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_EN_EASY_ALL setting)
  - VCR_EN_EASY_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_EN_EASY_ALL setting)
- Hard
  - VCR_EN_HARD_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_EN_HARD_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_EN_HARD_ALL setting)
  - VCR_EN_HARD_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_EN_HARD_ALL setting)
Chinese
- Easy
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL setting)
  - VCR_ZH_EASY_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_ZH_EASY_ALL setting)
- Hard
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_500 (first 500 instances in the VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL setting)
  - VCR_ZH_HARD_100 (first 100 instances in the VCR_ZH_HARD_ALL setting)

Method 3: use lmms-eval framework

You may need to incorporate the inference method of your model if the lmms-eval framework does not support it. For details, please refer to here

pip install git+https://github.com/EvolvingLMMs-Lab/lmms-eval.git
# We use HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b and vcr_wiki_en_easy as an example
python3 -m accelerate.commands.launch --num_processes=8 -m lmms_eval --model idefics2 --model_args pretrained="HuggingFaceM4/idefics2-8b" --tasks vcr_wiki_en_easy --batch_size 1 --log_samples --log_samples_suffix HuggingFaceM4_idefics2-8b_vcr_wiki_en_easy --output_path ./logs/

You may find the supported model list here.

lmms-eval supports the following VCR --tasks settings:

English
- Easy
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_easy setting)
  - vcr_wiki_en_easy_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_easy setting)
- Hard
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_hard setting)
  - vcr_wiki_en_hard_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_en_hard setting)
Chinese
- Easy
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_easy setting)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_easy_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_easy setting)
- Hard
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard (full test set, 5000 instances)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard_500 (first 500 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_hard setting)
  - vcr_wiki_zh_hard_100 (first 100 instances in the vcr_wiki_zh_hard setting)

Dataset Statistics

We show the statistics of the original VCR-Wiki dataset below:

Dataset Construction

Data Collection and Initial Filtering: The original data is collected from wikimedia/wit_base. Before constructing the dataset, we first filter out the instances with sensitive content, including NSFW and crime-related terms, to mitigate AI risk and biases.
N-gram selection: We first truncate the description of each entry to be less than 5 lines with our predefined font and size settings. We then tokenize the description for each entry with spaCy and randomly mask out 5-grams, where the masked 5-grams do not contain numbers, person names, religious or political groups, facilities, organizations, locations, dates and time labeled by spaCy, and the total masked token does not exceed 50% of the tokens in the caption.
Create text embedded in images: We create text embedded in images (TEI) for the description, resize its width to 300 pixels, and mask out the selected 5-grams with white rectangles. The size of the rectangle reflects the difficulty of the task: (1) in easy versions, the task is easy for native speakers but open-source OCR models almost always fail, and (2) in hard versions, the revealed part consists of only one to two pixels for the majority of letters or characters, yet the restoration task remains feasible for native speakers of the language.
Concatenate Images: We concatenate TEI with the main visual image (VI) to get the stacked image.
Second-round Filtering: We filter out all entries with no masked n-grams or have a height exceeding 900 pixels.

Data Fields

question_id: int64, the instance id in the current split.
image: PIL.Image.Image, the original visual image (VI).
stacked_image: PIL.Image.Image, the stacked VI+TEI image containing both the original visual image and the masked text embedded in image.
only_id_image: PIL.Image.Image, the masked TEI image.
caption: str, the unmasked original text presented in the TEI image.
crossed_text: List[str], the masked n-grams in the current instance.

Disclaimer for the VCR-Wiki dataset and Its Subsets

The VCR-Wiki dataset and/or its subsets are provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. This dataset is intended solely for research and educational purposes in the field of visual caption restoration and related vision-language tasks.

Important Considerations:

Accuracy and Reliability: While the VCR-Wiki dataset has undergone filtering to exclude sensitive content, it may still contain inaccuracies or unintended biases. Users are encouraged to critically evaluate the dataset's content and applicability to their specific research objectives.
Ethical Use: Users must ensure that their use of the VCR-Wiki dataset aligns with ethical guidelines and standards, particularly in avoiding harm, perpetuating biases, or misusing the data in ways that could negatively impact individuals or groups.
Modifications and Derivatives: Any modifications or derivative works based on the VCR-Wiki dataset must be shared under the same license (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Commercial Use: Commercial use of the VCR-Wiki dataset is permitted under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, provided that proper attribution is given and any derivative works are shared under the same license.

By using the VCR-Wiki dataset and/or its subsets, you agree to the terms and conditions outlined in this disclaimer and the associated license. The creators of the dataset are not liable for any direct or indirect damages resulting from its use.

Citation

If you find VCR useful for your research and applications, please cite using this BibTeX:

@article{zhang2024vcr,
  title   = {VCR: Visual Caption Restoration},
  author  = {Tianyu Zhang and Suyuchen Wang and Lu Li and Ge Zhang and Perouz Taslakian and Sai Rajeswar and Jie Fu and Bang Liu and Yoshua Bengio},
  year    = {2024},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv: 2406.06462}
}