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Wrist | The pisiform bone is a small bone found in the proximal row of the wrist (carpus). It is situated where the ulna joins the wrist, within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. | Where would you find the pisiform bone? |
Patella | Patellar dislocation is the scientific name for a dislocated kneecap. A common mistake is to mix up patellar dislocation with knee dislocation, which are slightly different. A dislocated knee is much worse than a dislocated kneecap. When a dislocation of the knee happens your thigh and shin bones no longer connect. When the knee gets dislocated also ligaments in the knee also tear. Knee dislocations happen from high trauma impacts generally like getting hit by a car. When the patellar is dislocated there is less pain and less deformity. | What is the scientific name for the kneecap? |
Diaphragm | Diaphragm is the name of the large dome-shaped muscle under your lungs that helps you breathe. | What is the name of the large muscle just beneath the lungs? |
The neck | The thyroid gland is one of the body's most important endocrine organs. It is located in the neck just below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) and cricoid cartilage. Although its size can vary, based on each individual's size and iodine intake, the thyroid generally weighs approximately 15-20 grams (1/2 - 3/4 oz). It is composed of a right and left lobe which lie on either side of the trachea (windpipe). Each lobe is normally approximately the size of a small orange slice. The right and left lobes are connected by a thin strip of thyroid tissue called the isthmusIsthmus - small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left thyroid lobe . Adjacent structures include the esophagus (food pipe) and the carotid artery (within the carotid sheathCarotid sheath - comprised of carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve ), which is the main blood supply to the head and neck. | Where in the body is the thyroid? |
Liver | During a meal, your liver will store sugar, or glucose, as glycogen for a later time when your body needs it. The high levels of insulin and suppressed levels of glucagon during a meal promote the storage of glucose as glycogen. | Which organ in the body stores excess sugar as glycogen? |
Vertebrae | The spinal column is made up of small bones called vertebrae. Offering support and structure to the human body, these bones are some of the most complex bones in the human body. Each vertebra has a specific function, working together to protect the spinal cord. | What name is given to the small bones which form the spinal column? |
Water | Oxygen (65%) and hydrogen (10%) are predominantly found in water , which makes up about 60 percent of the body by weight. It's practically impossible to imagine life without water . | What makes up 60-70% of human body weight? |
Capillaries | The tubes through which the blood flows are the arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart pumps blood into arteries that carry it away from the heart. The arteries divide into very thin vessels called capillaries that form a network between the cells of the body. The capillaries then join up again to make veins that return the blood to the heart. | What are the very narrow blood vessels which form a network between arteries and veins? |
Pelvic | The two hip bones connect and make up the pelvic ring. It is formed where the hip bones meet at the pubic symphysis and connect with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. The pubic symphysis is the cartilaginous joint where the left and right pubic bone meet. The sacrum is a large triangular bone, attached to the last lumbar vertebra and the tailbone , which is wedged between the two hip bones. This is connected to the hip bones by the sacroiliac joints. | What is the ring of bones at the hip called? |
Ureter | The ureter is a small tube that connects a kidney to a urinary bladder . Humans, along with most other mammals, typically have two ureters, with one coming from each kidney. These ureters run down the back of the abdominal cavity before connecting to the urinary bladder. Kidney stones traveling down one of these tubes can be very uncomfortable or painful, and it can cause inflammation in the area. | What tube connects the kidney to the bladder? |
Cartilage | Cartilage is a connective tissue that is stiff yet flexible. Some of the main types include fibrous, elastic, and hyaline. Fibrous cartilage may be found in such areas as between vertebral discs of the spinal cord. The outer ear, nose, and larynx are some locations of elastic. Hyaline cartilage, also referred to as articular cartilage, covers joint surfaces and additionally may be found in the shoulder and hips as well. | What is the name of the structural tissue found in the ear, the nose, and in between the vertebral discs? |
Renal arteries | The renal arteries branch off of the abdominal aorta and supply the kidneys with blood . The arterial supply of the kidneys varies from person to person, and there may be one or more renal arteries to supply each kidney. | Which artery supplies the kidney with blood? |
Two | In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta. | How many ventricles are there in the human heart? |
Gullet | The tube that connects the mouth and the stomach is the esophagus, according to Dictionary.com. The esophagus is a muscular passage found in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It's sometimes referred to as the "gullet." | What is the scientific name for the tube connecting the mouth with the stomach? |
Synovial fluid | Freely moveable joints are subject to wear and tear, and they therefore have some protective features. The cavity of a diarthrotic joint contains synovial fluid, which cushions and lubricates the joint. This fluid is produced by the synovial membrane that lines the joint cavity. The ends of the articulating bones are cushioned and protected by cartilage. Synovial joints are stabilized and strengthened by ligaments, which connect the articulating bones. A bursa is a small sac of synovial fluid that cushions the area around a joint. Bursae are found at stress points between tendons, ligaments, and bones. | What is the fluid that lubricates and cushions the movable joints between the bones? |
Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from your body, transporting it to the lungs for you to exhale. | What is the oxygen-carrying protein found in the red blood cells of the body? |
Hormones | The human body secretes and circulates some 50 different hormones. A wide variety of these chemical substances are produced by endocrine cells, most of which are in glands. The hormones then enter the blood system to circulate throughout the body and activate target cells. The endocrine system, tightly linked to the nervous system , controls a large number of the body’s functions: metabolism, homeostasis, growth, sexual activity, and contraction of the smooth and cardiac muscles. | What are the chemicals produced by the endocrine glands to control body functions? |
Lung | An alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. Found in the lung parenchyma, the pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface. Carbon dioxide rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the alveolar blood vessels where, through diffusion, it releases its carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. | Where in the human body do you find the alveoli? |
Genotype | Genotype is the genetic make-up of an individual organism . Your genotype functions as a set of instructions for the growth and development of your body. The word ‘genotype’ is usually used when talking about the genetics of a particular trait (like eye colour). | What name is given to the genetic make-up of an individual? |
Femur | The largest and longest bone in the human body is the femur bone, which is located in the upper leg. The femur is also known as the “thigh bone” and is so long that one end forms part of the hip and the other a part of the knee. On average the femur is about 48 cm (18.9 inches) long and makes up about a quarter of a persons height. It is considered to be the strongest bone in the human body and would be able to support about 30 times the weight of an average adult. | What is the biggest bone in the body? |
Testosterone | Testosterone, the hormone responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics that develop in the male during adolescence, stimulates spermatogenesis, or the process of sperm production in the testes. Secondary sex characteristics include a deepening of the voice, the growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the beginnings of the sex drive. | Which hormone causes male sexual development? |
Medulla oblongata | The brain stem controls breathing and heart rate as well as blood pressure and alertness. Found at the top of the spinal column, the brain stem consists of three main parts, including the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. The medulla oblongata controls cardiac and respiratory rates. | Which part of the brain controls the heart rate? |
Keloid | Keloids are the aftereffect of an overgrowth of dense fibrous tissue that usually develops after healing of a skin injury. When a scar is formed, connective tissues or fibers are formed at the site to hold the wound closed. Keloids form when the cells continue to multiply after the wound is filled in. Symptoms may include pigmentation of the skin, discomfort, or an itchy or painful sensation. Scar treatment therapy options include silicone sheets for keloids, and pressure treatment. Keloids may often be prevented by using a pressure dressing like Epi-Net in conjunction with silicone scar strips over the injury site 24 hours each day. This treatment is most effective after healing of the wound or injury, usually within a month. | What is an overgrowth of fibrous tissue, usually produced at the site of a scar? |
Pulmonary vein | The idea that veins only carry deoxygenated blood is an oversimplification and it's clearly not completely true. That's not what makes a vein a vein. Veins are less muscular than arteries, carry blood back toward the heart from the body, and contain valves. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood because it is carrying blood back from the lungs, where it picked up oxygen. | Which is the only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood? |
Ball and socket | The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint, formed by an articulation between the pelvic acetabulum and the head of the femur. | What kind of joint is the hip? |
Heart | The sinoatrial node (often abbreviated SA node; also commonly called the sinus node and less commonly the sinuatrial node) is the normal natural pacemaker of the heart and is responsible for the initiation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). It spontaneously generates an electrical impulse, which after conducting throughout the heart, causes the heart to contract. Although the electrical impulses are generated spontaneously, the rate of the impulses (and therefore the heart rate) is set by the nerves innervating the sinoatrial node. The sinoatrial node is located in the myocardial wall near where the sinus venarum joins the right atrium (upper chamber); hence sino- + atrial. | Where is the sinoatrial node? |
Pancreas | Insulin is a hormone made up of a small polypeptide protein that is secreted by the pancreas, which acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Endocrine glands are the system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions. Exocrine glands aid in digestion. | Which organ of the body secretes insulin? |
Pancreas | Islets of Langerhans, also called islands of Langerhans, irregularly shaped patches of endocrine tissue located within the pancreas of most vertebrates. They are named for the German physician Paul Langerhans, who first described them in 1869. The normal human pancreas contains about 1,000,000 islets. The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three (alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones ; the fourth component (C cells) has no known function. | Where would you find the islets of Langerhans? |
Hypothalamus | The pituitary controls the function of most other endocrine glands and is therefore sometimes called the master gland. In turn, the pituitary is controlled in large part by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that lies just above the pituitary. By detecting the levels of hormones produced by glands under the pituitary's control (target glands), the hypothalamus or the pituitary can determine how much stimulation the target glands need. | The pituitary controls many hormones, but what controls the pituitary? |
Melanin | In biology, a pigment is any colored material of plant or animal cells. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, fur, and hair contain pigments (such as melanin). | What is the pigment that colors skin? |
Corpus luteum | Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens . It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. | Which tissue secretes progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle? |
Adrenal | , steroid hormone secreted by the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal gland. Classed as a glucocorticoid, corticosterone helps regulate the conversion of amino acids into carbohydrates and glycogen by the liver, and helps stimulate glycogen formation in the | Which gland secretes the corticosteroids? |
Adrenaline | William Bates reported in the New York Medical Journal in May 1886 the discovery of a substance produced by the suprarenal gland. Epinephrine was isolated and identified in 1895 by Napoleon Cybulski, Polish physiologist. The discovery was repeated in 1897 by John Jacob Abel. Jokichi Takamine discovered the same hormone in 1900, without knowing about the previous discovery; but, in later years, counterevidence is shown from the experiment note that Kaminaka leaves that the Takamine team is the discoverer of first adrenaline. It was first artificially synthesized in 1904 by Friedrich Stolz. | What hormone was discovered by John Jacob Abel? |
Neck | The carotid arteries are major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face. There are two carotid arteries, one on the right and one on the left. In the neck, each carotid artery branches into two divisions: | Where would you find the carotid arteries? |
Keratin | Keratinocytes (pronounced: ker-uh-TIH-no-sites) produce keratin, a type of protein that is a basic component of hair and nails. Keratin is also found in skin cells in the skin's outer layer, where it helps create a protective barrier. | Which protein forms hair and nails? |
Catalytic converter | The catalytic converter does a great job at reducing the pollution, but it can still be improved substantially. One of its biggest shortcomings is that it only works at a fairly high temperature. When you start your car cold, the catalytic converter does almost nothing to reduce the pollution in your exhaust. | What device is added to a car's exhaust system to reduce pollution? |
Platypus | The platypus, found only in Australia is one of the five mammal species of that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The other egg-laying mammals are four species of echidna. | Which Australian mammal lays eggs? |
Biodegrade | biodegrade - break down naturally through the action of biological agents; "Plastic bottles do not biodegrade" | What is the term for something that will break down naturally? |
Nitrogen | Air is made almost entirely of two gases. The most common gas is nitrogen, and the second most common gas is oxygen (O2). Nitrogen and oxygen together make up 99% of the planet's atmosphere. All other gases together make up the remaining 1%. Although each of these trace gases are only found in tiny quantities, many such as ozone, serve important roles for the planet and its life. One very important minor gas is carbon dioxide, CO2, which is essential for photosynthesis and is also a very important greenhouse gas (Table (15.1). | Which is the most common gas in the atmosphere? |
Coal | Fossil energy sources, including oil , coal and natural gas , are non-renewable resources that formed when prehistoric plants and animals died and were gradually buried by layers of rock. Over millions of years, different types of fossil fuels formed -- depending on what combination of organic matter was present, how long it was buried and what temperature and pressure conditions existed as time passed. | Which fuel is formed by the fossilization of plants? |
Spring tide | What are neap tides? These sorts of tides occur halfway between each new and full moon – at the first quarter and last quarter moon phase – when the sun and moon are at right angles as seen from Earth. Then the sun’s gravity is working against the gravity of the moon, as the moon pulls on the sea. This is the neap tide: the tide’s range is at its minimum. Neap tides happen approximately twice a month, once around first quarter moon and once around last quarter moon. There’s about a seven-day interval between spring tides and neap tides. | What kind of tide appears at full Moon? |
Meteorologists | Short-term variations in atmospheric phenomena that interact with the environment, and affect life, are called weather. These variations take place on a timescale of minutes, hours, days, weeks, or occasionally months. Weather is defined as the state of the atmosphere at a given location and time. It includes such variables as temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity. The study of atmospheric phenomenon is known as meterology. The word meterology comes from the Greek word meteorous, meaning high in the air. By this definition a cloud, raindrop, fog, dust particle, lightning, or wind are all types of meteors. Meteorologists study these phenomena. | What is the term given to the study of the weather? |
Crust | Containing everything from the ocean basins to continents, the crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. Overall, the crust makes up very little of the Earth's mass, so the other layers, which are the mantle, outer core and inner core, are much thicker. | What is the name given to the outermost layer of the Earth? |
United States | According to Worldmapper (2006), Madagascar is the country that produces the least amount of municipal wastes among all of the nations around the world; generating only 9 kilograms per person per year. This is a significantly low amount compared to that of the United States, which produces 715 kilograms per person per year. However, being one of the poorest countries in the world, Madagascar is not a country without the waste problems despite its low amount of waste production. | Which country produces the world's largest quantity of municipal waste per person per year? |
Australia | In terms of land area, the continent of Australia is the world's smallest continent. In total, it includes 2,967,909 square miles (7,686,884 square kilometers), which is slightly smaller than the country of Brazil as well as the contiguous United States. | What is the world's smallest continent? |
Argon | Most of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen (78% by volume) and oxygen (21% by volume). The remaining 1% of the atmospheric gases are known as trace gases because they are present in such small concentrations. The most abundant of the trace gases is the noble gas argon (approximately 1% by volume). Noble gases, which also include neon, helium, krypton and xenon, are very inert and do not generally engage in any chemical transformation within the atmosphere. Hydrogen is also present in trace quantities in the atmosphere, but because it is so light, over time much of it has escaped Earth's gravitational pull to space. | Which gas forms approximately 1% of the atmosphere? |
Rhinoceros | The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is the most endangered of the world’s five rhinoceros species, with an estimated 40-60 animals remaining on the western tip of the Island of Java (Indonesia) in Ujung Kulon National Park. The last member of another tiny population in Vietnam’s Cat Tien National Park was killed by poachers in 2011. The water- and swamp-loving Javan rhinoceros formerly ranged throughout Southeast Asia and Indonesia, but has been hunted to near-extinction for its horn, which is used to make Asian folk medicines. Although it is now protected, it may not have a large-enough breeding population to prevent the species from going extinct. | Which animal has been hunted almost to extinction because of its horn? |
Nitrate | 2. Fertilizers are another group of chemicals commonly used in agriculture to increase crop yield. Fertilizer by-products, formed as a result of natural chemical processes, however, can be potentially carcinogenic. These agricultural chemicals are one of the major sources of water pollution. For instance, the nitrogen in fertilizers gets converted into nitrate that seeps into groundwater. When ingested, nitrates form nitrosamines which have been found to cause tumor growths in animal studies. | Which chemical, commonly used to increase crop yield, sometimes contaminates drinking water? |
Lava | Lava is liquid rock (magma) that flows out of a volcano. Fresh lava ranges from 1,300° to 2,200° F (700° to 1,200° C) in temperature and glows red hot to white hot as it flows. | What is the name of the liquid rock which pours from a volcano? |
Diamond | The hardest natural substance is diamond which is an allotrope of carbon. It has superlative physical qualities which originated from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. The carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centred cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. | What is the hardest natural substance known? |
Murder | This is all things to the "collective noun". In fact a murder is not the only collective noun for a grouping of crows. | What is the collective noun for crows? |
0.03 mph | A garden snail's speed is 0.03 mph (yes a snail is an animal and not an insect). Due to its slowness, the snail has traditionally been seen as a symbol of laziness. In Judeo-Christian culture, it has often been viewed as a manifestation of the deadly sin of sloth. A giant tortoise's speed is 0.17 miles per hour. | What is the maximum speed of a garden snail: 0.03 mph, 0.3 mph, or 3 mph? |
Stratosphere | The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to above Earth, although the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. | In which part of the atmosphere is the ozone layer? |
Assam | The Himalayas are bordered on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain, on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges and on the east by the Indian states of Sikkim, the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalayas together form the "Hindu Kush Himalayan Region" (HKH). The western anchor of the Himalayas, Nanga Parbat, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus River; the eastern anchor, Namcha Barwa, is just west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The Himalayas span five countries: Nepal, India, Bhutan, China (Tibet), and Pakistan, the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range. | Which Indian state is at the eastern end of the Himalayas? |
Pacific | The deepest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean with an average depth of 13,740 feet. The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is the Mariana Trench at 36,200 feet. | What is the world's deepest ocean? |
Blue whale | This puts blue whales well above any known land mammal in terms of size. Most people believe that the largest animals to ever exist on Earth were the dinosaurs . However, one of the largest land dinosaurs, the sauropod Argentinosaurus, weighed only about 180,000 pounds (81,647 kg). That's little more than half the size of an adult blue whale. It makes a lot of sense that the world's largest animal would be a sea creature. Land animals have to support their own weight, whereas sea creatures get some help from the water. | Which is the largest animal ever to have inhabited the Earth? |
Rainforest | Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. | What once covered 14% of the Earth's land area, but by 1991 over half had been destroyed? |
Ukraine | The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located in Ukraine, 20km south of the border with Belarus. At the time of the accident, the plant had four working reactors. | The damaged Chernobyl nuclear power station is situated in which country? |
Igneous | Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in color, depending on their mineralogy. The word "granite" comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock. By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20% quartz and up to 65% alkali feldspar by volume. | What type of rock is granite? |
Igneous | By definition, basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) igneous rock with generally 45-55% silica (SiO2) and less than 10% feldspathoid by volume, and where at least 65% of the rock is feldspar in the form of plagioclase. It is the most common volcanic rock type on Earth, being a key component of oceanic crust as well as the principal volcanic rock in many mid-oceanic islands, including Iceland, Réunion and the islands of Hawaii. Basalt commonly features a very fine-grained or glassy matrix interspersed with visible mineral grains. The average density is 3.0 gm/cm3. | What type of rock is basalt? |
CH4 | An odorless, colorless, flammable gas, CH4, the major constituent of natural gas, that is used as a fuel and is an important source of hydrogen and a wide variety of organic compounds. | What is the main constituent of natural gas? |
Ionosphere | The ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that reflects radio waves. This effect is caused by the ionization, or electrical charging, of the gas particles present in the upper atmosphere by X-rays and ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. | Which of the Earth's atmospheric layers reflects radio waves? |
Mauritius | The Dodo bird or Raphus Cucullatus was a flightless bird native to the island of Mauritius, near the island of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The closest relatives to the dodo bird are pigeons and doves, even though dodo birds were much larger in size. On average, dodo birds stood 3 feet tall and weighted about 40 lb. Unfortunately, due to aggressive human population, dodo birds became extinct in late 17th century. | The dodo was a native bird of which island? |
Seismology | The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Scientists measure and record earthquakes using devices called seismometers. The size of an earthquake is measured according to its magnitude (the size of the shock waves and the energy produced) or its effects. | What is the name given to the study of earthquakes? |
Limestone | Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals, such as clay minerals, micas, quartz , pyrite , iron oxides, and graphite . Under the conditions of metamorphism, the calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomitic marble, is produced when dolostone is subjected to heat and pressure. | Marble is formed by the metamorphosis of which rock? |
Bloom | 24 What name is given to the huge growths of algae sometimes seen in polluted lakes and rivers? a.Algal overgrowth b.Algal overproduction c.Algal bloom d.Algal pollution | What name is given to the huge growths of algae sometimes seen in polluted lakes and rivers? |
Agent Orange | Agent Orange was a powerful mixture of chemical defoliants used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover for North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, as well as crops that might be used to feed them. The U.S. program of defoliation, codenamed Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over 4.5 million acres of land in Vietnam from 1961 to 1972. Agent Orange, which contained the chemical dioxin, was the most commonly used of the herbicide mixtures, and the most effective. It was later revealed to cause serious health issues–including tumors, birth defects, rashes, psychological symptoms and cancer–among returning U.S. servicemen and their families as well as among the Vietnamese population. | What was the name of the dioxin-containing defoliant used during the Vietnam war by the USA army? |
Gravity | The Earth's atmosphere is kept in place because of the gravitational pull the Earth exerts on particles in the atmosphere. But part of the Earth's atmosphere does float out into space. The part that is lost out into space is the extremely light particles like Hydrogen which can escape the Earth's gravity. But the Earth's atmosphere is also replenished by releases from planetary volcanism. So no worries! | What prevents the earth's atmosphere from floating out into space? |
Nitrogen oxides | Through emissions of nitrogen oxides , cars and other road vehicles are major contributors to acidic emissions which cause acid rain. In all countries of the industrialised world, the number of vehicles on the roads has been continually increasing since the 1970s. With a large rise in traffic numbers, it becomes increasingly important to keep pollutant emissions to a minimum. There are presently a number of ways in which road traffic pollution can be reduced, including the use of emission control technology solutions. | Which of the emissions from cars are acidic? |
Tropic of Cancer | The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn each lie at 23.5 degrees latitude. The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5° North of the equator and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia , India, and southern China. The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5° South of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa . | Which is further north, the tropic of cancer or the tropic of Capricorn? |
Troposphere | The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is the troposphere. This layer is where weather occurs. It begins at the surface of the earth and extends out to about 4-12 miles. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with height. This layer is known as the lower atmosphere. | What name is given to the layer of the atmosphere closest to the surface of the Earth? |
Pangaea | The name of Earth's single, huge continent from over 250 million years ago is (1 point) A.Megaland. B.Pangaea. C.Gondwanaland. D.Laurasia. | What name is given to the Earth's single continent, which existed 250 million years ago? |
Chlorine | In the stratosphere, high energy UV radiation causes the CFC molecules to break down through photodissociation. Atomic chlorine, a true catalyst for ozone destruction, is released in the process. Chlorine initiates and takes part in a series of ozone-destroying chemical reactions and emerges from the process unchanged. The free chlorine atom initially reacts with an unstable oxygen containing compound (such as ozone) to form chlorine monoxide (ClO): | What component of CFCs causes destruction of ozone? |
Atmospheric pressure | A barometer measures atmospheric pressure . The air in the atmosphere exerts a force called pressure that constantly changes due to moving weather systems. Therefore, in conjunction with other meteorological instruments , this device can be used to help predict clear or rainy weather. | What does a barometer measure? |
Copper carbonate | Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with a chemical composition of Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. It was one of the first ores used to produce copper metal. It is of minor importance today as an ore of copper because it is usually found in small quantities and can be sold for higher prices for other types of use. | What is the basic chemical composition of malachite? |
Nitrogen | Soil microbes have long been known to convert nitrogen-rich crop fertilizers, including manure and synthetic fertilizers, into nitrous oxide. After more than 1,000 field experiments, climate scientists calculated in the mid-2000s that the dirt dwellers spew about one kilogram of the greenhouse gas for every 100 kilograms of fertilizer, or roughly 1 percent. Researchers generally thought that emissions would scale up linearly: doubling fertilizer would double the emissions of gas. | Which gas in the atmosphere can be turned into fertilizer by some microbes? |
Outer core | Below the mantle is the outer core. Scientists believe that the outer core is composed of a molten, metallic layer 2270 kilometers thick. This layer is believed to contain large amounts of nickel. Scientists have been able to determine that it is a liquid by monitoring earthquake waves as they pass through the Earth's core. The waves dissipate as they pass through this layer in a way that indicates it is liquid and not solid. This is the cherry. | Which layer of the Earth is believed to be formed of molten iron and nickel? |
Crash | The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the , which is composed of (rhino-, "nose") and (keras, "horn"). The plural in English is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is crash or herd. The name has been in use since the 14th century. | What is the collective noun for rhinoceri? |
Obsidian | Fine-grained rocks form if molten rock cools rapidly when it is extruded onto the surface. Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock. Some fine grained rocks forming at the edge of a lava flow have small holes or vesicles which are void spaces left by escaping gasses. Very rapid cooling can produce rocks with a glassy texture such as obsidian. | What type of rock is formed by the rapid cooling of molten lava? |
Aluminium | Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is one of the naturally transparent materials, but can have different colors when impurities are present. Transparent specimens are used as gems, called ruby if red and padparadscha if pink-orange. All other colors are called sapphire, e.g., "green sapphire" for a green specimen. | Corundum is a mineral oxide of which metal? |
Gravity | Gravity is the primary force that controls the orbit of the planets around the sun. While each planet has its own gravity based on the size of the planet and the speed at which it travels, orbit is based on the gravity of the sun. The sun's gravity is just strong enough to keep the planets pulled toward it to create an orbit pattern but not strong enough to pull the planets into the sun. This is similar to the effect of the Earth on the orbit of the moon and satellites. The lesser gravity of the planets also helps to keep the planets from falling toward the sun. | What is the name of the force which keeps the planets in orbit around the sun? |
Mars | Mars is named after the Roman god of war. The planet got its name from the fact that it is the color of blood. Other civilizations also named the planets for its red color. | Which planet is named after the Roman god of war? |
Mercury | So, Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. And then Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun, and Earth is the third closest planet to the Sun. | Which planet is closest to the sun? |
Moon | A natural satellite is a celestial body that orbits another celestial body of greater mass (e.g., a planet, star, or dwarf planet), which is called its primary. For example, the Moon is a natural satellite of Earth, and Earth is a natural satellite of the Sun. | What is the term for a natural satellite? |
Yuri Gagarin | On March 27, 1968, the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, died. He was in a MiG-15 on a routine training flight with his instructor when his plane crashed. The official explanation has been that he had to avoid a "foreign" object, but new information from Cosmonaut Alexi Leonov tells a different story. | Who was the first man in space? |
Ganymede | One of Jupiter's moons, Ganymede, is the largest moon in the Solar System. Ganymede has a diameter of 3270 miles (5,268 km) and is larger than the planet Mercury. It has a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice. Ganymede has mountains, valleys, craters and old lava flows. | Which is the largest moon in the solar system? |
Titan | Titan (or Saturn VI) is the largest moon of Saturn. It is the only natural satellite known to have a dense atmosphere, and the only object other than Earth where clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid has been found. | Which is the largest moon of Saturn? |
Jupiter | The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter. Jupiter is actually over 300 times larger than earth - and if Jupiter was a hollow shell - you could fit over 1,000 Earths inside of it. | Which is the largest planet in the solar system? |
Pluto | The smallest planet in the Solar System is Mercury (the biggest planet is Jupiter). For the longest time, the smallest planet was considered to be Pluto, but now Pluto isn’t a planet any more, so we’re back to Mercury. | What is the smallest planet in the solar system? |
Nine | When many of us grew up, there were nine planets in the Solar System. It was like a fixed point in our brains. | How many planets are there in the solar system? |
Venus | Venus, the second planet from the sun, is named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty. The planet — the only planet named after a female — may have been named for the most beautiful deity of her pantheon because it shone the brightest of the five planets known to ancient astronomers. | Which planet is named after the Roman goddess of love? |
Sputnik 1 | The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer (there is a crater on the lunar far side which bears his name). This in turn triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States. | What was the first artificial satellite? |
Challenger | FILE - The Space Shuttle orbiter Challenger is destroyed by an explosion shortly after it lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on Jan. 28, 1986. Thursday, Jan. 28, 2016, marks the 30th anniversary of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger, which killed all seven crew members. (AP Photo/Steve Helber, File) | What is the name of the space shuttle destroyed in midair 28 Jan 1986? |
Saturn | The years on the gas giants are very long because they are so far away from the Sun. They make bigger circles as they go around, so it takes much longer. A Jupiter year is almost 12 Earth years. On Saturn, the trip around the Sun takes nearly 30 years. A year on Uranus is 84 years long. Neptune takes almost 165 years to orbit the Sun! | Which planet takes almost 30 Earth years to orbit the sun? |
Andromeda Galaxy | The most distant object visible to the naked eye is M31, the Andromeda Galaxy , at about 2 million light-years. This is the nearest large galaxy to us, and a very bright one at that. I can't say for certain the most distant object that you can see with an amateur telescope because the size of such telescopes can vary a lot, and because it depends on the detector that you have attached to it (like your eye, film, or an electronic CCD). But you can definitely see galaxies beyond the Local Group, even with your eyes. | What is the most distant object visible to the naked eye? |
Earth | Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System. It has a density of 5.51 grams per cubic centimeter. This is only the average density of the planet. The core is much denser than the oceans for example. Actually, scientists believe that the massive amounts of iron in our planet’s core is what makes it so dense. It is usually thought that gas palnets the outer ones would be more dense but thats basically a myth. If you took saturn and put it in a pool big enough it would actually float. So to answer your question though our great planet is the most dense. | Which planet is the densest? |
Neutron star | When stars four to eight times as massive as the sun explode in a violent supernova, their outer layers can blow off in an often-spectacular display, leaving behind a small, dense core that continues to collapse. Gravity presses the material in on itself so tightly that protons and electrons combine to make neutrons, yielding the name "neutron star." [Supernova Photos: Great Images of Star Explosions] | What is the name given to the super dense stars that sometimes result form a supernova? |
Spiral | Like more than two-thirds of the known galaxies, the Milky Way has a spiral shape . At the center of the spiral, a lot of energy and, occasionally, vivid flares are being generated. Based on the immense gravity that would be required to explain the movement of stars and the energy expelled, the astronomers conclude that the center of the Milky Way is a supermassive black hole . | What shape is the Milky Way? |
1958 | PIONEER. "Pioneer" was chosen as the name for the first U.S. space probe, Pioneer 1, launched 11 October 1958, as well as for the following series of lunar and deep space probes. The Pioneer series had been initiated for the International Geophysical Year by the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which assigned execution variously to the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division (AFBMD) and to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA). Upon its formation in October 1958, NASA inherited responsibility for-and the name of-the probes. 1 | When was the first Pioneer space probe launched? |
11 | In the last few decades, we've started to understand the forces behind sunspots, but we've known for over a 150 years that sunspots appear in cycles. The average number of visible sunspots varies over time, increasing and decreasing on a regular cycle of between 9.5 to 11 years, on average about 10.8 years. An amateur astronomer named Heinrich Schwabe, was the first to note this cycle, in 1843. The part of the cycle with low sunspot activity is referred to as " solar minimum " while the portion of the cycle with high activity is known as " solar maximum ." | Visible sunspots vary in number according to a cycle of how many years? |