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id
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reference
sequence
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sequence
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0
metaphor
[ "buying an item", "accepting a belief" ]
[ "buying an item", "buyer", "merchandise", "buying", "selling", "returning", "valuable", "worthless" ]
[ "accepting a belief", "believer", "belief", "accepting", "advocating", "rejecting", "true", "false" ]
[ "rejecting", "true", "false", "accepting a belief", "believer", "advocating", "belief", "accepting" ]
1
metaphor
[ "hunger", "ambition" ]
[ "hunger", "food", "food", "satiation", "satiation", "scarcity", "starvation" ]
[ "ambition", "recognition", "nourishment", "achievement", "complacency", "competition", "failure" ]
[ "ambition", "failure", "competition", "complacency", "achievement", "nourishment", "recognition" ]
2
metaphor
[ "war", "argument" ]
[ "war", "soldier", "destroy", "fighting", "defeat", "attacks", "weapon", "battleground", "combatant", "position", "attack", "maneuver", "retreat", "surrender", "victory" ]
[ "argument", "debater", "refute", "arguing", "acceptance", "criticizes", "logic", "topic", "debater", "claim", "criticize", "rhetoric", "retraction", "loss", "win" ]
[ "acceptance", "logic", "criticizes", "debater", "claim", "refute", "argument", "retraction", "rhetoric", "arguing", "topic", "loss", "criticize", "win", "debater" ]
3
science
[ "solar system", "atom" ]
[ "solar system", "sun", "planet", "mass", "attracts", "revolves", "gravity" ]
[ "atom", "nucleus", "electron", "charge", "attracts", "revolves", "electromagnetism" ]
[ "revolves", "nucleus", "charge", "electron", "atom", "electromagnetism", "attracts" ]
4
science
[ "slot machine", "bacterial mutation" ]
[ "slot machine", "slot machines", "reels", "spinning", "winning", "losing" ]
[ "bacterial mutation", "bacteria", "genes", "mutating", "reproducing", "dying" ]
[ "reproducing", "bacterial mutation", "mutating", "dying", "genes", "bacteria" ]
5
metaphor
[ "hunt", "business" ]
[ "hunt", "prey", "prey", "prey", "field", "hunter", "weapon", "enemy", "battlefield", "weapon", "weapon", "weapon", "soldier", "trophy", "trophy", "trophy", "general", "army", "army" ]
[ "business", "client", "money", "profit", "market", "businessman", "product", "competitor", "market", "money", "product", "lawyer", "employee", "income", "profit", "client", "ceo", "company", "workers" ]
[ "ceo", "product", "business", "workers", "market", "income", "competitor", "money", "client", "lawyer", "employee", "company", "profit", "market", "client", "profit", "money", "businessman", "product" ]
6
metaphor
[ "mountain", "career" ]
[ "mountain", "ascent", "descent", "climb", "lift", "guide", "climber", "ascent", "descent", "climb", "lift", "guide", "climber", "ascent", "descent", "climb", "climber", "fuel", "fuel", "transport", "baggage", "traveller", "traveller", "destination", "car", "guide ", "ticket" ]
[ "career", "success", "failure", "work", "job", "boss", "worker", "success", "failure", "work", "job", "boss", "worker", "success", "failure", "work", "worker", "education", "skill", "job", "experience", "colleague", "worker", "retirement", "office", "boss", "funding" ]
[ "colleague", "success", "worker", "skill", "office", "work", "failure", "work", "success", "job", "education", "job", "job", "worker", "career", "experience", "boss", "work", "failure", "boss", "retirement", "worker", "failure", "worker", "success", "boss", "funding" ]
7
science
[ "virus", "code" ]
[ "virus", "virus", "reproduction", "infection", "eradication", "vaccine" ]
[ "code", "malware", "replication", "installation", "removal", "antivirus" ]
[ "malware", "antivirus", "removal", "replication", "installation", "code" ]
8
metaphor
[ "race", "competition" ]
[ "race", "racer", "racer", "track", "speed", "setback" ]
[ "competition", "competitor", "business", "market", "success", "failure" ]
[ "failure", "market", "competition", "business", "success", "competitor" ]
9
metaphor
[ "beast", "crime" ]
[ "beast", "beast", "prey", "capture", "cage", "hunt", "killing", "outbreak", "epidemic", "inoculation", "prevention", "precursor", "virus", "assessment", "quarantine", "diagnosis", "surgery", "patient" ]
[ "crime", "criminal", "victim", "arrest", "jail", "investigation", "execution", "spree", "spread", "information", "education", "poverty", "criminal", "trial", "prison", "sentence", "punishment", "society" ]
[ "spree", "information", "punishment", "crime", "prison", "execution", "criminal", "jail", "sentence", "education", "poverty", "investigation", "arrest", "criminal", "spread", "society", "trial", "victim" ]
10
metaphor
[ "battle", "debate" ]
[ "battle", "soldier", "ground", "ground", "weapon", "weapon", "weapon", "battlefield", "battlefield", "victorious", "tactic" ]
[ "debate", "opponent", "opinion", "stance", "argument", "knowledge", "intellect", "topic", "issue", "convincing", "argumentation" ]
[ "intellect", "topic", "argumentation", "convincing", "debate", "knowledge", "issue", "opponent", "argument", "stance", "opinion" ]
11
metaphor
[ "impediments to travel", "difficulties" ]
[ "impediments to travel", "obstructions", "destination", "route", "traveller", "travelling", "companion", "arriving" ]
[ "difficulties", "difficulties", "goal", "plan", "person", "problem solving", "partner", "succeeding" ]
[ "goal", "succeeding", "partner", "plan", "person", "difficulties", "difficulties", "problem solving" ]
12
metaphor
[ "journey", "education" ]
[ "journey", "stop", "station", "vehicle", "vehicle", "vehicle", "vehicle", "landscape", "destination", "traveller", "guide", "driver", "fuel", "conductor" ]
[ "education", "exam", "class", "lecture", "reading", "textbook", "book", "knowledge", "skill", "student", "teacher", "professor", "scholarship", "examiner" ]
[ "student", "teacher", "education", "lecture", "professor", "reading", "examiner", "textbook", "class", "knowledge", "book", "scholarship", "exam", "skill" ]
13
metaphor
[ "husbandry", "faith" ]
[ "husbandry", "herder", "sheep", "mastery", "slaughter", "herd" ]
[ "faith", "pope", "follower", "omniscience", "atonement", "congregation" ]
[ "omniscience", "faith", "congregation", "follower", "atonement", "pope" ]
14
metaphor
[ "building", "family" ]
[ "building", "foundation", "cement" ]
[ "family", "love", "understanding" ]
[ "family", "understanding", "love" ]
15
science
[ "billiard balls", "gas molecules" ]
[ "billiard balls", "balls", "billiards", "speed", "table", "bouncing", "moving", "slow", "fast" ]
[ "gas molecules", "molecules", "gas", "temperature", "container", "pressing", "moving", "cold", "hot" ]
[ "pressing", "container", "temperature", "cold", "gas", "hot", "molecules", "gas molecules", "moving" ]
16
metaphor
[ "household", "government" ]
[ "household", "house", "father", "servant", "father", "father", "housekeeper" ]
[ "government", "parliament", "president", "politician", "governor", "mayor", "secretary" ]
[ "parliament", "secretary", "government", "politician", "mayor", "governor", "president" ]
17
science
[ "water flow", "heat transfer" ]
[ "water flow", "flows", "pressure", "water tower", "bucket", "filling", "emptying", "hydrodynamics" ]
[ "heat transfer", "transfers", "temperature", "burner", "kettle", "heating", "cooling", "thermodynamics" ]
[ "burner", "heat transfer", "cooling", "kettle", "thermodynamics", "temperature", "transfers", "heating" ]
18
metaphor
[ "object", "idea" ]
[ "object", "hold", "weigh", "heavy", "light", "eating", "digestion", "feeding", "feeding", "food", "cooking", "appetite", "flavor", "cooking", "freshness", "staleness", "seasoning", "nutrition" ]
[ "idea", "understand", "analyze", "important", "trivial", "understanding", "comprehension", "teaching", "persuading", "theory", "creativity", "curiosity", "interestingness", "thinking", "originality", "irrelevance", "provocation", "learning" ]
[ "comprehension", "learning", "understand", "theory", "teaching", "creativity", "trivial", "irrelevance", "understanding", "idea", "interestingness", "originality", "provocation", "thinking", "important", "analyze", "persuading", "curiosity" ]
19
metaphor
[ "seeds", "ideas" ]
[ "seeds", "planted", "fruitful", "fruit", "grow", "wither", "blossom" ]
[ "ideas", "inspired", "productive", "product", "develop", "fail", "succeed" ]
[ "product", "succeed", "productive", "ideas", "inspired", "fail", "develop" ]
20
metaphor
[ "battle", "illness" ]
[ "battle", "warrior", "enemy", "weapon", "victory", "surrender", "traveler", "vehicle", "vehicle", "station", "station", "path", "milestone", "destination", "destination", "fuel" ]
[ "illness", "patient", "disease", "medicine", "health", "death", "patient", "virus", "disease", "diagnosis", "remission", "course", "stage", "death", "health", "infection" ]
[ "course", "remission", "death", "infection", "health", "virus", "disease", "stage", "illness", "health", "diagnosis", "patient", "medicine", "death", "disease", "patient" ]
21
metaphor
[ "bloom", "innovation" ]
[ "bloom", "water", "stem", "soil", "planting", "blossom", "greenhouse", "symbiosis", "water", "stem", "soil", "planting", "blossom", "greenhouse", "symbiosis", "water", "stem", "soil", "planting", "blossom", "greenhouse", "symbiosis" ]
[ "innovation", "funding", "research", "laboratory", "experiment", "idea", "conference", "collaboration", "funding", "research", "laboratory", "experiment", "idea", "conference", "collaboration", "funding", "research", "laboratory", "experiment", "idea", "conference", "collaboration" ]
[ "research", "experiment", "experiment", "collaboration", "idea", "idea", "laboratory", "funding", "laboratory", "conference", "collaboration", "conference", "research", "idea", "conference", "experiment", "research", "funding", "funding", "innovation", "laboratory", "collaboration" ]
22
metaphor
[ "liquid", "knowledge" ]
[ "liquid", "container", "container", "river", "emptiness", "pool", "pool" ]
[ "knowledge", "mind", "memory", "conversation", "forgetting", "repository", "book" ]
[ "book", "conversation", "forgetting", "mind", "repository", "memory", "knowledge" ]
23
metaphor
[ "theatre", "life" ]
[ "theatre", "stage", "actors", "actor", "script", "act", "act", "role", "decoration", "stage" ]
[ "life", "world", "people", "person", "history", "event", "age", "fate", "surroundings", "society" ]
[ "society", "person", "surroundings", "history", "event", "people", "world", "fate", "age", "life" ]
24
science
[ "sound", "light" ]
[ "sound", "low", "high", "echoes", "loud", "quiet", "horn" ]
[ "light", "red", "violet", "reflects", "bright", "dim", "lens" ]
[ "bright", "violet", "lens", "dim", "red", "light", "reflects" ]
25
metaphor
[ "journey", "love" ]
[ "journey", "traveler", "road", "destination", "destination", "progress", "milestone", "obstacle", "buyer", "goods", "terms" ]
[ "love", "lover", "relationship", "happiness", "separation", "improvement", "stage", "difficulty", "person", "attributes", "commitment" ]
[ "separation", "happiness", "lover", "attributes", "person", "stage", "difficulty", "love", "relationship", "commitment", "improvement" ]
26
metaphor
[ "boat", "marriage" ]
[ "boat", "passenger", "shipwreck", "storm", "storm", "sail", "sail", "rock", "rock", "anchor", "player", "playground", "match", "defeat" ]
[ "marriage", "spouse", "divorce", "quarrel", "anger", "happiness", "love", "affair", "problem", "home", "spouse", "home", "argument", "divorce" ]
[ "marriage", "quarrel", "affair", "argument", "home", "anger", "divorce", "spouse", "love", "divorce", "happiness", "spouse", "problem", "home" ]
27
science
[ "computer", "mind" ]
[ "computer", "processing", "erasing", "write", "read", "memory", "outputs", "inputs", "bug", "working", "turned on", "turned off", "broken", "power", "repair", "hardware", "hardware", "software", "CPU", "RAM", "data" ]
[ "mind", "thinking", "forgetting", "memorize", "remember", "memory", "muscles", "senses", "mistake", "thinking", "awake", "asleep", "confused", "intelligence", "therapy", "brain", "neuron", "function", "consciousness", "memory", "input" ]
[ "senses", "input", "intelligence", "therapy", "memory", "confused", "remember", "memorize", "muscles", "asleep", "neuron", "awake", "brain", "mistake", "forgetting", "thinking", "mind", "function", "memory", "consciousness", "thinking" ]
28
metaphor
[ "weapon", "money" ]
[ "weapon", "fighter", "fighter", "war", "war", "pouring", "flow", "flux", "flux", "outflow", "outflow", "container", "container", "sea", "source", "pool" ]
[ "money", "person", "businessman", "trade", "business", "investing", "transfer", "income", "profit", "loss", "spending", "bank", "account", "wealth", "salary", "capital" ]
[ "profit", "investing", "person", "account", "transfer", "income", "loss", "salary", "capital", "money", "trade", "businessman", "business", "wealth", "spending", "bank" ]
29
metaphor
[ "ship", "nation" ]
[ "ship", "ship", "captain", "crew", "passenger", "storm", "forecast", "father", "children", "disobedience", "punishment", "nurture" ]
[ "nation", "nation", "president", "congress", "citizen", "problem", "outlook", "law", "public ", "crime", "imprisonment", "aid" ]
[ "crime", "public ", "nation", "imprisonment", "congress", "law", "outlook", "aid", "nation", "citizen", "problem", "president" ]
30
science
[ "artificial selection", "natural selection" ]
[ "artificial selection", "breeds", "selection", "conformance", "artificial", "popularity", "breeding", "domesticated" ]
[ "natural selection", "species", "competition", "adaptation", "natural", "fitness", "mating", "wild" ]
[ "wild", "competition", "fitness", "adaptation", "natural selection", "species", "mating", "natural" ]
31
science
[ "projectile", "planet" ]
[ "projectile", "trajectory", "earth", "parabolic", "air", "gravity", "attracts" ]
[ "planet", "orbit", "sun", "elliptical", "space", "gravity", "attracts" ]
[ "orbit", "gravity", "sun", "planet", "elliptical", "attracts", "space" ]
32
metaphor
[ "courtship", "politics" ]
[ "courtship", "suitor", "suitor", "woman", "rival", "wooing", "player", "bet", "rules", "playground", "ball", "toy", "actor", "performance", "stage", "critic", "audience", "audience", "politician", "algorithm", "operator", "oil", "oil", "oil", "breakdown", "rust" ]
[ "politics", "incumbent", "politician", "public", "challenger", "campaigning", "politician", "election", "law", "parliament", "press", "citizen", "politician", "campaign", "parliament", "press", "people", "citizens", "politician", "law", "president", "press", "campaign", "money", "crisis", "corruption" ]
[ "politician", "law", "challenger", "incumbent", "press", "law", "campaigning", "citizen", "politician", "press", "campaign", "politician", "election", "crisis", "politics", "parliament", "public", "politician", "president", "press", "citizens", "campaign", "money", "people", "corruption", "parliament" ]
33
metaphor
[ "disease", "poverty" ]
[ "disease", "doctor", "doctor", "patient", "hospital", "medicine", "medicine", "cure" ]
[ "poverty", "politician", "benefactor", "citizen", "state", "subsidy", "payment", "money" ]
[ "subsidy", "citizen", "state", "money", "politician", "payment", "poverty", "benefactor" ]
34
metaphor
[ "grounds for a building", "reasons for a theory" ]
[ "grounds for a building", "foundations", "buildings", "supporting", "solid", "weak", "crack" ]
[ "reasons for a theory", "reasons", "theories", "confirming", "rational", "dubious", "flaw" ]
[ "flaw", "theories", "dubious", "confirming", "reasons for a theory", "rational", "reasons" ]
35
metaphor
[ "hunt", "research" ]
[ "hunt", "prey", "prey", "slay", "field", "hunter", "weapon" ]
[ "research", "idea", "information", "find", "laboratory", "researcher", "instrument" ]
[ "information", "researcher", "find", "instrument", "laboratory", "research", "idea" ]
36
science
[ "combustion", "respiration" ]
[ "combustion", "fire", "fuel", "burning", "hot", "intense", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide" ]
[ "respiration", "animal", "food", "breathing", "living", "vigorous", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide" ]
[ "oxygen", "animal", "carbon dioxide", "food", "vigorous", "living", "respiration", "breathing" ]
37
metaphor
[ "possession", "skill" ]
[ "possession", "owner", "acquisition", "acquisition", "acquisition" ]
[ "skill", "person", "learning", "education", "practice" ]
[ "practice", "skill", "learning", "education", "person" ]
38
metaphor
[ "organism", "society" ]
[ "organism", "cell", "cell", "organ", "tissue", "vein", "passenger", "passengers", "tracks", "tracks", "route", "coach", "driver", "ticket", "destination", "fuel" ]
[ "society", "person", "citizen", "organisation", "people", "communication", "citizen", "people", "law", "constitution", "history", "class", "leader", "passport", "future", "budget" ]
[ "people", "budget", "constitution", "law", "communication", "citizen", "society", "class", "person", "history", "leader", "citizen", "people", "organisation", "passport", "future" ]
39
science
[ "waves", "sounds" ]
[ "waves", "shore", "reflects", "water", "breakwater", "rough", "calm", "crashing" ]
[ "sounds", "wall", "echoes", "air", "insulation", "loud", "quiet", "vibrating" ]
[ "air", "wall", "insulation", "loud", "sounds", "vibrating", "echoes", "quiet" ]
40
metaphor
[ "war", "sport" ]
[ "war", "army", "general", "battle", "battle", "battle", "soldier", "soldier", "soldier", "frontline", "weapon" ]
[ "sport", "team", "coach", "match", "game", "race", "sportsman", "footballer", "player", "field", "ball" ]
[ "coach", "sport", "match", "player", "team", "game", "race", "ball", "field", "footballer", "sportsman" ]
41
metaphor
[ "family", "state" ]
[ "family", "father", "father", "child", "rule", "parent", "food", "home" ]
[ "state", "president", "governor", "citizen", "law", "government", "subsidies", "nation" ]
[ "government", "subsidies", "state", "nation", "citizen", "governor", "president", "law" ]
42
metaphor
[ "building", "theory" ]
[ "building", "construction", "construction", "foundation", "foundation", "cement", "block", "foundation", "framework", "framework", "architect" ]
[ "theory", "conjecture", "idea", "data", "evidence", "relation", "concept", "axiom", "proposition", "logic", "scientist" ]
[ "idea", "scientist", "data", "proposition", "conjecture", "axiom", "concept", "logic", "evidence", "theory", "relation" ]
43
metaphor
[ "money", "time" ]
[ "money", "allocate", "budget", "effective", "cheap", "expensive" ]
[ "time", "invest", "schedule", "efficient", "quick", "slow" ]
[ "invest", "quick", "time", "efficient", "slow", "schedule" ]
44
metaphor
[ "following", "understanding" ]
[ "following", "follow", "leader", "path", "follower", "lost", "wanders", "twisted", "straight", "light", "illuminating", "darkness", "view", "hidden" ]
[ "understanding", "understand", "speaker", "argument", "listener", "misunderstood", "digresses", "complicated", "simple", "knowledge", "explaining", "confusion", "interpretation", "secret" ]
[ "argument", "misunderstood", "understand", "complicated", "interpretation", "knowledge", "confusion", "simple", "understanding", "listener", "digresses", "explaining", "speaker", "secret" ]

Dataset Card for "relbert/scientific_and_creative_analogy"

Dataset Summary

A dataset for relation mapping task, which is a task to choose optimal combination of word pairs (see more detail in the paper).

Relation mapping M is the set of bijective map in between two sets of terms (A and B):

[set `A`]: ("solar system", "sun", "planet", "mass", "attracts", "revolves", "gravity")
[set `B`]: ("atom", "nucleus", "electron", "charge", "attracts", "revolves", "electromagnetism")

[Relation Mapping `M`]
* "solar system"   -> "atom"
* "sun"            -> "nucleus"
* "planet"         -> "electron"
* "mass"           -> "charge"
* "attracts"       -> "attracts"
* "revolves"       -> "revolves"
* "gravity"        -> "electromagnetism"

Relation Mapping Problem is the task to identify the mapping M given the sets of terms A and B.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

An example looks as follows.

{
 "id": "0",
 "reference": ["buying an item", "accepting a belief"],
 "source": ["buying an item", "buyer", "merchandise", "buying", "selling", "returning", "valuable", "worthless"],
 "target": ["accepting a belief", "believer", "belief", "accepting", "advocating", "rejecting", "true", "false"],
 "target_random": ["rejecting", "true", "false", "accepting a belief", "believer", "advocating", "belief", "accepting"],
 "type": "metaphor"
}
  • source: A list of terms, which is the source of the relation mapping from.
  • target_random: A list of terms, where we want to find a mapping from source to.
  • target: A correctly ordered target_random that aligns with the source.

Given source and target_random, the task is to predict the correct order of target_random so that it matches target. In average 7 terms are in the set, so the total number of possible order is 5040.

Data Splits

name test
relation_mapping 45

Citation Information

@article{czinczoll2022scientific,
  title={Scientific and Creative Analogies in Pretrained Language Models},
  author={Czinczoll, Tamara and Yannakoudakis, Helen and Mishra, Pushkar and Shutova, Ekaterina},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.15268},
  year={2022}
}
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