Datasets:

pminervini

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averitec

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[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no record of Hilary Clinton every saying this both publicly nor privately in her leaked emails.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201128063112/https://wikileaks.org/clinton-emails/?q=%22bastard%22+AND+%22nooses%22&mfrom=&mto=&title=&notitle=&date_from=&date_to=&nofrom=&noto=&count=50&sort=0#searchresult", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201128063112/https://wikileaks.org/clinton-emails/?q=%22bastard%22+AND+%22nooses%22&mfrom=&mto=&title=&notitle=&date_from=&date_to=&nofrom=&noto=&count=50&sort=0#searchresult" } ], "question": "Is Hilary Clinton quoted as saying: \"IF THAT F**KIN BASTARD WINS, WE’RE ALL GOING TO HANG FROM NOOSES\"" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Japanese imports from the USA were valued at over US$7.9 trillion in each of the years 2003 to 2013.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604221230/https://stats.oecd.org/", "source_medium": "Other", "source_url": "https://stats.oecd.org/#" } ], "question": "Did Japan import goods from America before 2016?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Is there any evidence that Japanese customers refuse to purchase American imports?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dr. Eric Domingo, FDA director general, sent AFP this 2006 issuance that lists MSG among “additives permitted for use in food in general”.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Did Philippine Food and Drug Administration (FDA) “confirm” the food flavouring monosodium glutamate (MSG) is \"a silent killer\"?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "paying is seen as admitting the ticket was right", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210727203314/https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/appealing-a-parking-ticket/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210727203314/https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/appealing-a-parking-ticket/" } ], "question": "Is paying a parking notice fine an admission of guilt in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "How to appeal depends on the type of parking ticket you have - check what the ticket says before you start.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210727203314/https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/appealing-a-parking-ticket/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210727203314/https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/appealing-a-parking-ticket/" } ], "question": "Can you appeal a parking notice fine in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Ignoring official correspondence from reputable companies, such as Gemini Parking Solutions, could lead to an unnecessary and completely avoidable court cases.\n\nMany motorists believe that parking charges levied by parking companies are illegal and can be ignored without consequence. Several high profile online forums perpetuate this by continuing to post misleading advice and suggesting that motorists who have illegally parked, tear up their fine letter, rather than deal with it responsibly. However this is simply not true. Those motorists who choose to ignore these notifications could find themselves in court.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152047/https://www.geminiparkingsolutions.com/blog-post/ignoring-parking-fines-could-lead-to-court/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.geminiparkingsolutions.com/blog-post/ignoring-parking-fines-could-lead-to-court/" }, { "answer": "Please do not ignore a penalty charge notice as the charge will increase if it is not paid or if a challenge is not made.\n\nAny further delay may lead to action by enforcement agents (bailiffs), with their costs added to the civil debt.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152120/https://www.newport.gov.uk/en/Transport-Streets/Parking/Parking-Fines.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.newport.gov.uk/en/Transport-Streets/Parking/Parking-Fines.aspx" } ], "question": "Should parking charge notices be ignored?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A PCN is a penalty for contravention of parking regulations. It can be paid, contested by appeal, or contested by defending a claim for payment under the small claims track of the county court.\nYou won’t get a criminal record or points on your licence.\nEverything from how PCNs are served, through appeal or payment, to debt recovery is laid down in regulations. PCNs are used for some moving traffic offences too, particularly in London – bus lanes, no entry, restricted turn, yellow box junction.\nYou may get a PCN by post, by hand or applied to your car windscreen.\nYou’ve got 28 days to pay or challenge.\nA PCN can be up to £70 outside London, and up to £130 in London.\nThe penalty is usually halved if paid within 14 days.\nAn unpaid PCN penalty is treated as a civil debt and you could be pursued through the county court system or even get a visit from the bailiff if the debt remains unpaid. Some local authorities don’t have civil parking enforcement powers and in these areas parking is enforced by the police or police-employed traffic wardens who will issue a Fixed Penalty Notice (FPN) enforced through the criminal justice system.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327224159/https://www.theaa.com/driving-advice/legal/penalty-charge-notice", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theaa.com/driving-advice/legal/penalty-charge-notice" } ], "question": "Who issues Penalty charge notices in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A parking ticket for private land is called a Parking Charge Notice (PCN) – check your ticket for this wording.\n\nYou might get a parking ticket on private land from the owner or a company employed to manage the car park if you:\n\npark without the owner’s permission, or\nbreach any parking conditions imposed by the owner. \nThere may have been signs displaying the rules for using the car park. When you park on private land (like a private car park) you enter into a contract with the landowner. Any signs that clearly display rules for using the car park give you the terms of the contract. The car park owner can take steps to enforce any of these rules if broken.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043942/https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/scotland/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/parking-tickets-on-private-land-s/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/scotland/law-and-courts/parking-tickets/appealing-parking-tickets/parking-tickets-on-private-land-s/" } ], "question": "Who issues Parking charge notices in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A Penalty charge notice is a penalty for contravention of parking regulations.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210720202922/https://www.theaa.com/driving-advice/legal/penalty-charge-notice", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210720202922/https://www.theaa.com/driving-advice/legal/penalty-charge-notice" } ], "question": "what is a penalty charge notice" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "He adviced that if you've broken the rules, pay up.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721095645/https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/reclaim/private-parking-tickets/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721095645/https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/reclaim/private-parking-tickets/" } ], "question": "What advice did Martin Lewis recommend as regards parking charges" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "If you get an unfair ticket in a private car park, don't automatically pay it. These supposed 'fines' handed out are merely invoices, often unenforceable, and so we've three routes to fight unfair tickets", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721095645/https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/reclaim/private-parking-tickets/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210721095645/https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/reclaim/private-parking-tickets/" } ], "question": "What is Martin Lewis' stance on unfair parking charges" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "yes. Lewis tweeted a fake claim and pointed out that it did not represent his advice.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152157/https://twitter.com/MartinSLewis/status/735218085012115456", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/MartinSLewis/status/735218085012115456" } ], "question": "Has Martin Lewis previously confirmed that an older version of this claim does not represent his advice?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Safar wrote on replied on facebook to comments about him being Anurag Kashyap that stated, 'I am NOT Kashyap. I have my own strong identity with Safar Surname'", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210524193452im_/https://i2.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Selection_21_09_2020_007.jpg?w=690&ssl=1", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210524193452im_/https://i2.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Selection_21_09_2020_007.jpg?w=690&ssl=1" } ], "question": "Does Facebook user Anurag Safar claim to be filmmaker Anurag Kashyap?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Food officials stated that Rotten meat was seized from Chennai railway station which is not Nashik railway station and it was not dog meat", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929074453/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cargo-seized-chennai-egmore-railway-station-not-dog-meat-food-safety-officials-92028", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200929074453/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cargo-seized-chennai-egmore-railway-station-not-dog-meat-food-safety-officials-92028" } ], "question": "Was dog meat photographed being seized at Nashik railway station in India?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "She is a single child and does not have a sister", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210215171752/https://twitter.com/climatedisha/status/1361364030149910532", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210215171752/https://twitter.com/climatedisha/status/1361364030149910532" } ], "question": "Does Disha Ravi have a sister?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "A Climate activist from India.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210214215631/https://twitter.com/climatedisha", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210214215631/https://twitter.com/climatedisha" } ], "question": "Who is the Disha Ravi the claim refers to?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Friends of Disha Ravi say this account is *not* connected to her.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152217/https://twitter.com/prajwalmanipal/status/1361508698414194690?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/prajwalmanipal/status/1361508698414194690?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Did someone claim to be her sister on a twitter account?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "disha ravi, a 21-year-old climate activist, was arrested by delhi police for sharing a toolkit @GretaThunberg posted in support of the #farmersprotest.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210214215631/https://twitter.com/climatedisha", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210214215631/https://twitter.com/climatedisha" } ], "question": "Was Disha Ravi arrested?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the BJP President was referring to a fabricated story propagated by the public prosecutor of the 26/11 trial, Ujjwal Nikam. During the trial, Nikam, who had argued on behalf of the state, had manufactured a story about Ajmal Kasab being fed biryani in jail to counter an emotional wave supposedly being created in Kasab’s favour. “Kasab neither asked for biryani nor it was served by the government. I concocted it just to break an emotional atmosphere which was taking shape in favour of Kasab during the trial of the case”, Nikam said, speaking to the media in 2015.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201101082343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kasab-never-asked-for-biryani-we-fabricated-it-public-prosecutor-Ujjwal-Nikam-says/articleshow/46639254.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201101082343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kasab-never-asked-for-biryani-we-fabricated-it-public-prosecutor-Ujjwal-Nikam-says/articleshow/46639254.cms" } ], "question": "What event is being referred to here?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "new coronavirus (COVID-19) can live in the air for several hours and on some surfaces for as long as 2-3 days", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210501011956/https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217v1.full.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210501011956/https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217v1.full.pdf" } ], "question": "How long is the life cycle of covid-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Also, the virus is present in the epithelial lining of the stomach, which has a high acidic content. Exposing the virus to the acid in the stomach would have no effect on the virus or against the infection. Therefore, drinking, gargling or steaming hot water, even if the water is mixed with herbs such as turmeric or salt, will not destroy the virus.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152312/https://www.altnews.in/home-remedies-by-ayurved-parameshwar-arora-are-they-effective-in-treating-coronavirus/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.altnews.in/home-remedies-by-ayurved-parameshwar-arora-are-they-effective-in-treating-coronavirus/" } ], "question": "Does water infused with lemon, ginger and turmeric help in destroying Coronavirus" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Like every other country, the Indians also resulted in the use of pharmaceutics and modern medications and not the use of water infused with certain plants", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152422/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724933/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7724933/" } ], "question": "How was Covid 19 being managed in India" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "During a protest against electricity loadsheding in Faisalabad, police entered the houses of protesters and manhandled their women.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190912230717/http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/178049-Faisalabad-Cops-suspended-for-torturing-women", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190912230717/http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/178049-Faisalabad-Cops-suspended-for-torturing-women" } ], "question": "What is the origin of the video clip allegedly showing police entering people’s homes by force committing atrocities on Kashmiris in India?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Faisalabad", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190912230717/http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/178049-Faisalabad-Cops-suspended-for-torturing-women", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190912230717/http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/178049-Faisalabad-Cops-suspended-for-torturing-women" } ], "question": "Where did the incident in the video occur?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No the viral tweet is a photoshop from a previous made tweet dated 2 months prior.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220821181635im_/https://i0.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/5cd937b1-9518-485e-bf41-0a1be465bd0d.png?w=452&ssl=1", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220821181635im_/https://i0.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/5cd937b1-9518-485e-bf41-0a1be465bd0d.png?w=452&ssl=1" } ], "question": "Did Ali Fazal tweet to celebrate Intelligence Bureau staffer Ankit Sharma’s death in Delhi riots?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "When did Manoj Tiwari say 'Petrol would cost Rs. 200 today had the Modi government not been in power\"?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Rs 100 per liter is currently the highest price in some parts of India.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152453/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/petrol-price-crosses-rs-100-mark-memes-reactions-7193698/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/petrol-price-crosses-rs-100-mark-memes-reactions-7193698/" } ], "question": "What is the current cost of India's petrol in February 2021?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "It was posted by a user who posts fake news. 100% Fake News. Parody. Tweets are only for fun", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608130640/https://twitter.com/login", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/search?q=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%20%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%20200%20%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%20%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE&src=typed_quer" } ], "question": "Was the claim tweeted by a reliable source?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "viable virus\ncould be detected in aerosols up to 3 hours post aerosolization, up to 4 hours on copper, up to 24 hours on\ncardboard and up to 2-3 days on plastic and stainless steel", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210501011956/https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217v1.full.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210501011956/https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033217v1.full.pdf" } ], "question": "How long can coronavirus live on surfaces?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "That the corona virus life is 12 hours on a surface, so a 14 hour curfew will break the chain of coronavirus spread.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426065559im_/https://i0.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Screenshot-2020-03-20-at-8.51.33-PM.png?w=547&ssl=1", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426065559im_/https://i0.wp.com/www.altnews.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Screenshot-2020-03-20-at-8.51.33-PM.png?w=547&ssl=1" } ], "question": "What was the reasoning for the 14 hour curfew?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Research (Doremalen et al 2020) published in the New England Journal of Medicine conducted by American scientists (preprint here) suggests that the new coronavirus (COVID-19) can live in the air for several hours and on some surfaces for as long as 2-3 days. They tested the virus by spraying into the air by a nebuliser mimicking the coughing action of an infected person. They found that it could be detected up to a minimum of 3 hours later in the air, up to 4 hours on copper surfaces, up to 24 hours on cardboard and up to 2-3 days on plastic and stainless steel surfaces.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134610/https://www.altnews.in/sci-check-lifespan-of-coronavirus-outside-the-human-body-on-different-surfaces/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134610/https://www.altnews.in/sci-check-lifespan-of-coronavirus-outside-the-human-body-on-different-surfaces/" } ], "question": "How long can corona virus live on surfaces" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Finally, the inability to detect the virus (under the detection threshold) is not equivalent to the complete elimination of the virus. However, to acquire an infection, one needs a minimum threshold or level or viral exposure", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134610/https://www.altnews.in/sci-check-lifespan-of-coronavirus-outside-the-human-body-on-different-surfaces/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134610/https://www.altnews.in/sci-check-lifespan-of-coronavirus-outside-the-human-body-on-different-surfaces/" } ], "question": "Does the inability to detect the virus mean its not present" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "HIV can be transmitted via the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected people, such as blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions. HIV can also be transmitted from a mother to her child during pregnancy and delivery.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids" } ], "question": "At the time of the claim what was official advice on how HIV is transmitted between humans?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Individuals cannot become infected through ordinary day-to-day contact such as kissing, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing personal objects, food or water.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids" } ], "question": "At the time of the claim did official advice say HIV can be transmitted between humans by touch?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In March 2020 WHO explained the following. According to current evidence, COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes. Droplet transmission occurs when a person is in in close contact (within 1 m) with someone who has respiratory symptoms (e.g., coughing or sneezing) and is therefore at risk of having his/her mucosae (mouth and nose) or conjunctiva (eyes) exposed to potentially infective respiratory droplets.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604112022/https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations" } ], "question": "At the time of the claim what was official advice on how coronavirus spread between humans?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "HIV and COVID spreads in different ways and not the same.\nThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) transmits mainly via respiratory droplets that people sneeze, cough, or exhale, in addition to touching contaminated surfaces or people and subsequently touch the face.\n\nHIV does not spread by touching. It can spread by unprotected sex, transfusion of blood contaminated with HIV and from a mother to the child during gestation and delivery.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200311073744/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids" } ], "question": "Does both HIV virus and the coronavirus spread the same way by direct contact and people should avoid touching the infected ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Lemon can cure asthma and help patients with norovirus but nothing to prove that it cures cancer", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152548/https://www.drmayankshukla.com/lemon-juice-asthma-home-remedy/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.drmayankshukla.com/lemon-juice-asthma-home-remedy/" } ], "question": "What can hot lemon cure" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can lemons cure cancer?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can eating lemons cure cancer?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can lemon juice cure cancer?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152617/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Casein", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Casein" } ], "question": "What is casein?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It is not listed as a caronigen by IARC or NTP", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152720/https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/understanding-cancer-risk/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/general-info/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens.html" } ], "question": "Is casein a known carcinogen?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Dairy and cancer\nObserved inverse associations between intake of dairy products and colorectal cancer development have been largely attributed to their high calcium content. In addition to calcium, lactic acid-producing bacteria may also protect against colorectal cancer,\n\nwhile the casein and lactose in milk may increase calcium bioavailability. Other nutrients or bioactive constituents in dairy products, such as lactoferrin, vitamin D (from fortified dairy products) or the short-chain fatty acid butyrate may also impart some protective functions against colorectal cancer, but these require much better elucidation.\n\nThe CUP Panel concluded that the evidence was generally consistent for dairy products, milk, cheese and dietary calcium, and showed a decreased risk of colorectal cancer with higher consumption.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152802/https://www.wcrf.org/diet-activity-and-cancer/risk-factors/meat-fish-dairy-and-cancer-risk/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/exposures/meat-fish-dairy" } ], "question": "What does the Continuous Update Project say about milk studies?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "South Africa’s state-owned utility Eskom (which supplies more than 90% of the country’s electricity) has implemented rotational load shedding for years, but during December 2019 and the beginning of January 2020, it became a daily occurrence.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608152847/https://www.opml.co.uk/blog/south-africa-s-crippling-electricity-problem", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.opml.co.uk/blog/south-africa-s-crippling-electricity-problem" } ], "question": "Has there been any load shedding (due to power outages) in South Africa, since August 2015?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The War on Leaks project aimed to train 3000 people in 2015/6.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530162334/https://www.gov.za/speeches/war-leaks-project-launch-21-aug-2015-0000", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gov.za/speeches/war-leaks-project-launch-21-aug-2015-0000" } ], "question": "How many people was South Africa's Department of Water and Sanitation training in February 2016?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "\"War on Leaks project... is expected to run over a five-year period whereby 15 000 unemployed youth will be trained within three disciplines, namely water agents, artisans and plumbers.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530162334/https://www.gov.za/speeches/war-leaks-project-launch-21-aug-2015-0000", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gov.za/speeches/war-leaks-project-launch-21-aug-2015-0000" } ], "question": "How many people did the War on Leaks project aim to train in total?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to a media statement by power utility Eskom, there was load shedding on 14 September 2015. South Africa is again experiencing these rotational power outages as Eskom’s shortage of capacity continues. The utility says there’s a possibility load shedding will remain for the next 18 months.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153002/https://www.eskom.co.za/media-room/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.eskom.co.za/news/Pages/Jan29.aspx" } ], "question": "Is it true that South Africa had not experienced load shedding carried out by power utilities since August 2015?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Peter Moore was the man behind the Air Jordan 1 (and also helped design the Air Jordan II). When Michael Jordan first looked at the AJ I, his response was “I’m not wearing that shoe. I’ll look like a clown”. With time, the shoe slowly grew on him. The original Air Jordan 1 retailed at $65.00.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417012458/https://www.sneakerfiles.com/air-jordans/jordan-1/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/air-jordans/jordan-1/" } ], "question": "Who designed the first Nike Air Jordans ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In the weeks since the 57-year-old singer was found dead at his suburban Minneapolis compound, on 21 April, investigators have been looking into whether he had a prescription drug problem.\n\nThis surprised friends and family members, who said Prince avoided alcohol and drugs and maintained a healthy lifestyle.\n\nOn Thursday, however, medical examiner A Quinn Strobl released the office’s assessment of Prince’s cause of death: “self-administered fentanyl”, a powerful opioid. The office said it could not offer further comment.\n\nIn a press release, the Carver County sheriff’s office said it “continues its investigation”.\n\nEarlier on Thursday Minneapolis Star Tribune reported that Prince died of a painkiller overdose.\n\nThe official autopsy and toxicology reports have yet to be released.\n\nPrince was last seen alive around 8pm on 20 April, when he was dropped off by an acquaintance at Paisley Park, his sprawling compound in Chanhassen, Minnesota, his longtime hometown. Two staff members appeared at the residence early on the following day, and discovered his body in an elevator on the first floor.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603050808/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/02/prince-died-opioid-overdose-tests", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/02/prince-died-opioid-overdose-tests" } ], "question": "What year did Late musician Prince died ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "1971 was a big year for the company. Along with the name change, Co-Founder Bill Bowerman created the first Nike shoes, the waffle trainers", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.ohttps://web.archive.org/web/20210729025817/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/120315/if-you-had-invested-right-after-nikes-ipo.aspg/web/20210613214554/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Prince-singer-and-songwriter", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.ohttps://web.archive.org/web/20210729025817/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/120315/if-you-had-invested-right-after-nikes-ipo.aspg/web/20210613214554/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Prince-singer-and-songwriter" } ], "question": "When was the first nike shoe made" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Nike’s stock was launched to the public markets in an initial public offering (IPO) on December 2, 1980.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025817/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/120315/if-you-had-invested-right-after-nikes-ipo.asp", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025817/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/120315/if-you-had-invested-right-after-nikes-ipo.asp" } ], "question": "When did Nike start trading publicly" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Michael Jordan said it was [Nike employee] George Raveling", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413145518/https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/michael-jordans-agent-set-record-straight-original-nike/story?id=38885180", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413145518/https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/michael-jordans-agent-set-record-straight-original-nike/story?id=38885180" } ], "question": "Who recruited Michael Jordan to Nike" } ]

[ "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Most don't tend to use iMessage or WhatsApp.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143949/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-34842854", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-34842854" } ], "question": "Do ISIS use WhatsApp?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Has ISIS hacked WhatsApp?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "WhatsApp comes equipped with end-to-end encryption, which should prevent any outside spying on the communications.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153312/https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-regulation/whatsapp-encrypted-texts-156089", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-regulation/whatsapp-encrypted-texts-156089" } ], "question": "Can WhatsApp be easily hacked into?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The claim is false. The message is being circulated since 2016.Further, neither the WhatsApp CEO nor the Delhi Police has issued any such official notice.According to WhatsApp, unsolicited messages from unauthorized third parties come in different forms such as spam, hoax and phishing messages. These messages are sent with the intention of deceiving the user and prompting them to act in a certain way.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201126051037/https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/security-and-privacy/hoax-messages/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201126051037/https://faq.whatsapp.com/general/security-and-privacy/hoax-messages/" } ], "question": "Did the WhatsApp CEO warned users to change their display picture as it could be misused by terrorists, hackers and ISIS ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes. A sculpture of two rocks suspended from rope was created by Sha'ban Abbas in 2008. It is on display at Cairo Airport in Egypt.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153338/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-trompe-loeil-sculpture-by-shaban-abbas-2008-at-terminal-3-cairo-airport-25539941.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-trompe-loeil-sculpture-by-shaban-abbas-2008-at-terminal-3-cairo-airport-25539941.html" } ], "question": "Is there a sculpture of two rocks tied with a piece of rope?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "yes. The image on facebook really shows the sculpture created in 2008.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153338/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-trompe-loeil-sculpture-by-shaban-abbas-2008-at-terminal-3-cairo-airport-25539941.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-trompe-loeil-sculpture-by-shaban-abbas-2008-at-terminal-3-cairo-airport-25539941.html" } ], "question": "Does the image of a rock with rope, shown on Facebook claiming to be created 1400 years ago, match the image of a sculpture by Sha'ban Abbas?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A Rock Sculpture is located at Cairo Airport, Egypt.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330205212/https://ansam518.wordpress.com/2011/04/06/rock-sculpture-at-cairo-airport/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://ansam518.wordpress.com/2011/04/06/rock-sculpture-at-cairo-airport/" } ], "question": "Is a Rock statue located in Egypt?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Artist Sha’ban Abbas.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153417/https://cairoscene.com/LifeStyle/Things-Everyone-Does-at-Cairo-International-Airpor", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://cairoscene.com/LifeStyle/Things-Everyone-Does-at-Cairo-International-Airpor" } ], "question": "Who created the rock sculpture at Cairo airport, Egypt?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "7 November 1969", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153452/https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/25/716/Arts--Culture/Visual-Art/Sculptor-Shaaban-Abbas-passes-away-.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/25/716/Arts--Culture/Visual-Art/Sculptor-Shaaban-Abbas-passes-away-.aspx" } ], "question": "When was sculpter Shaaban Mohamed Abbas born?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "17/12/2015", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was this claim made?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "01/09/1997\n24/07/2007\n24/07/2008\n24/07/2009", "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/WW86-FHHW?type=image", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/WW86-FHHW?type=image" } ], "question": "Has the US minimum wage been increased since 1997?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Specific\nlegislation was last used to provide increases in 1990 and 1991. It was the only method used by\nCongress for many years", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8" }, { "answer": "The second method, under which annual adjustments took effect automatically unless\ndisapproved by Congress, was established in 1975. From 1975 to 1989, these annual adjustments\nwere based on the rate of annual comparability increases given to the General Schedule (GS)\nfederal employees. This method was changed by the 1989 Ethics Act to require that the annual\nadjustment be determined by a formula based on certain elements of the Employment Cost Index\n(ECI). Under this revised process, annual adjustments were accepted 13 times (scheduled for\nJanuary 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2009) and\ndenied 18 times (scheduled for January 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012,\n2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021).", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8" }, { "answer": "A third method for adjusting Member pay is congressional action pursuant to recommendations\nfrom the President, based on the recommendations of the Citizens’ Commission on Public Service\nand Compensation established in the 1989 Ethics Reform Act. Although the Citizens’\nCommission was to have convened in 1993, it did not and has not met since then.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/SXC5-Q2C8" } ], "question": "Have members of the US Congress had salary increases since 1997?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "According to a New York Times article published in June 1927, a man with the name and address of Donald Trump's father was arraigned after Klan members attacked cops in Queens, N.Y.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525142830/https://boingboing.net/2015/09/09/1927-news-report-donald-trump.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://boingboing.net/2015/09/09/1927-news-report-donald-trump.html" } ], "question": "Was Donald Trump's father ever connected with the KKL?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There is no solid proof to suggest Donald Trump's father was part of the KKK.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525142830/https://boingboing.net/2015/09/09/1927-news-report-donald-trump.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://boingboing.net/2015/09/09/1927-news-report-donald-trump.html" } ], "question": "Is there proof that Donald's Trump father was part of the KKK?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Most families of enormous wealth have a dark and sometimes scandalous, even monstrous past. Donald Trump's clan is no exception to that rule. His grandfather was a pimp and a tax evader, his father a racist who would in the course of his life, clash with New York City Police as a member of the Ku Klux Klan and then as a wealthy real estate magnate, refuse to rent to people of color.\n\nDonald Trump's legacy is anything but a rag to riches story. His dad kicked the bucket with $250-$300 million in the bank. The man who wants to ban all people of a particular religion from travel wasn't born with a silver spoon in his mouth, his was white gold. The only thing more obnoxious than Donald Trump himself, is his family's money-grubbing, bigoted history.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210401163758/https://ahtribune.com/us/2016-election/242-trump-grandfather-pimp-father-kkk.html?fbclid=IwAR3f9zL-J2RoO5mPaCwIEGRHOa-f2pwXps8H9AzzMu10_4GDs6pil6IzjIg", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210401163758/https://ahtribune.com/us/2016-election/242-trump-grandfather-pimp-father-kkk.html?fbclid=IwAR3f9zL-J2RoO5mPaCwIEGRHOa-f2pwXps8H9AzzMu10_4GDs6pil6IzjIg" } ], "question": "Trump's Grandfather Was A Pimp And Tax Evader Or That His father A Member Of The KKK?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "It is a vaccine that helps protect the body against infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153920/https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/human-papillomavirus-vaccine", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/human-papillomavirus-vaccine" }, { "answer": "A study published in November 2021 from England observed a substantial reduction in cervical cancer and incidence of severe cervical abnormality cuased by HPV infection (CIN3) in young women after the introduction of the HPV immunisation programme in England,", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153948/https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/schoolprog/hpv/hpv-human-papillomavirus/about/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/schoolprog/hpv/about/" } ], "question": "What is the HPV vaccine used to prevent?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "- soreness, swelling and redness in their arm where the injection was given.\n- headache, or feel sick in their tummy or have a slight temperature.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153948/https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/schoolprog/hpv/hpv-human-papillomavirus/about/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/schoolprog/hpv/about/" } ], "question": "Have any negative side effects of the HPV vaccine been reported?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "2015", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When is Donald Trump meant to have said this?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In the case of this article the intention seems to be satire.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201221220947/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37949183", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201221220947/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37949183" } ], "question": "Did Donald Trump say ''Some Africans are lazy fools only good at eating, lovemaking and stealing'' in 2015?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "This claim was first posted on 25 October 2015 on Politica, a fake news website.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201221220947/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37949183", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201221220947/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37949183" } ], "question": "Where did the claim originate from?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "His Twitter feeds do not mention it, and no news channels report it.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154033/https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/658434546841600000", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/658434546841600000" } ], "question": "Is there any proof that Donald Trump said this on the date in the claim, on any of his social media platforms, or was it reported in the news?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There were no results on the official twitter account", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221013185900im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/81f7a347-6414-463d-a7f8-0cc1559831e5.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221013185900im_/http://newsmobile.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/81f7a347-6414-463d-a7f8-0cc1559831e5.png" } ], "question": "Did the tweet in question appear on Sitarum Yechury's twitter account?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no town of Belakwa, New York, and a sign lamenting its abandonment due to fracking was part of an art installation.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220328231822/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/belakwa-ny-abandoned/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220328231822/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/belakwa-ny-abandoned/" } ], "question": "Where is Belakwa town located?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Was Belakwa, New York, abandoned due to hydrofracking?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no town called Belakwa in New York.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154044/https://leadstories.com/Screen%20Shot%202020-10-27%20at%205.06.40%20PM.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "source_url": "https://leadstories.com/Screen%20Shot%202020-10-27%20at%205.06.40%20PM.png" } ], "question": "Is Belakwa a town in New York?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Can the president of the United States revoke the citizenship of an individual" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, while speaking to a group of investment bankers and hedge fund owners in New York City, allegedly declared that if elected, he will revoke the U.S. citizenship of all Puerto Ricans because they are “not part of the American race.”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105400/https://adobochronicles.com/2015/09/03/puerto-ricans-chamorros-others-will-lose-citizenship-under-trump-presidency/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105400/https://adobochronicles.com/2015/09/03/puerto-ricans-chamorros-others-will-lose-citizenship-under-trump-presidency/" } ], "question": "Does Donald Trump think that Puerto Ricans are not U.S. citizens and as such will be able to revoke their citizenship" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No the story was published on a satire news website.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105400/https://adobochronicles.com/2015/09/03/puerto-ricans-chamorros-others-will-lose-citizenship-under-trump-presidency/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105400/https://adobochronicles.com/2015/09/03/puerto-ricans-chamorros-others-will-lose-citizenship-under-trump-presidency/" } ], "question": "Did Donald Trump, while a presidential candidate, say \"I will revoke the U.S. citizenship of all Puerto Ricans\"?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "On November 29, 1925, the S.S. Cotopaxi set sail from Charleston, South Carolina, with a cargo of coal and a crew of 32. Charting a course for Havana, Cuba, the ship ran afoul of a tropical storm brewing near the Bermuda Triangle two days later and promptly disappeared.\n\nNow, nearly a century later, a team of shipwreck hunters says it has finally identified the battered boat’s remains off the coast of St. Augustine, Florida, putting to bed decades of myths, ghost stories and seafaring lore that inevitably sprung up in the interim.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/" } ], "question": "When was the S.S. Cotopaxi found?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Researchers actually unknowingly homed in on the S.S. Cotopaxi’s marine graveyard nearly 35 years ago. The site, called Bear Wreck by fishers and divers, had long been known to contain a sunken ship, but scientists had struggled to pinpoint the vessel’s identity.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/" } ], "question": "When were the boat remains later identified as those of the SS Cotopaxi ship found?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The SS Cotopaxi ship was wrecked and not fully intact.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112838/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-ship-rediscovered-after-disappearing-near-bermuda-triangle-95-years-ago-180974109/" } ], "question": "Was the SS Cotopaxi ship fully intact when it was found?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is no record of him ever saying this in his diaries or writings.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910061346/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000367602", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200910061346/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000367602" } ], "question": "Is John Quincy Adams quoted as saying: \"If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Last Post is one of a number of bugle calls in military tradition which mark the phases of the day. Where ‘Reveille' signaled the start of a soldier's day, the ‘Last Post' signaled its end.\nIt is believed originally to have been part of a more elaborate routine, known in the British Army as ‘tattoo', that had its origins in the 17th century. During the evening, a duty officer had to do the rounds of his unit's position, checking that the sentry posts were manned, rounding up the off-duty soldiers and packing them off to their beds or billets. He would be accompanied by one or more musicians. The ‘first post' was sounded when the duty officer started his rounds and, as the party proceeded from post to post, a drum was played. The drum beats told off-duty soldiers it was time to rest. If the soldiers were staying in a town, the beats told them it was time to quit the pubs.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://archive.ph/USMSn#selection-3195.0-3199.693", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/USMSn#selection-3195.0-3199.693" } ], "question": "What is the origin of the last post" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No there is nothing like that in the manifesto", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20181025010507/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/APC-Manifesto.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20181025010507/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/APC-Manifesto.pdf" } ], "question": "Is making the Naira equal to the Dollar in the Manifesto of APC" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Director, Policies and Strategy of the APC campaign group, Bolaji Abdullahi, made the clarification on Tuesday at the Nigeria Political Parties Discussion Series (NPPDS) organised by the Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) said that Buhari never made such a statement during the course of his campaign", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210330084757/https://dailypost.ng/2015/03/26/buhari-never-promised-apc-to-make-naira-equal-to-dollar-apc/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210330084757/https://dailypost.ng/2015/03/26/buhari-never-promised-apc-to-make-naira-equal-to-dollar-apc/" } ], "question": "What did APC leadership say about the claim" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A practice note issued by the Law Society issued in 2014 as advice for solicitors.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What is this claim based on?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "1/3 Reports that the Law Society is promoting 'Sharia Law' are inaccurate and ill informed", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154227/https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802611455258624?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802611455258624?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "2/3 We responded to requests from members for guidance", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154242/https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802691251863553?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802691251863553?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "3/3 Our practice note focuses on how to do that, where it is allowed under English law", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154304/https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802758956339200?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TheLawSociety/status/447802758956339200?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Has the Law Society commented on this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Justice Secretary Chris Grayling confirmed that shariah law had “no jurisdiction in England and Wales”.", "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/RU7C-6AQ6?type=image", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/RU7C-6AQ6?type=image" }, { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Sharia councils have no legal status and no legal binding authority under civil law. Whilst sharia\nis a source of guidance for many Muslims, sharia councils have no legal jurisdiction in England\nand Wales.", "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/LWW4-VDR6", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/LWW4-VDR6" } ], "question": "Does Sharia Law have any jurisdiction in England?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "WSU researchers recently reported that diallyl sulfide, a compound found in garlic, is 100 times more effective than the antibiotics erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in killing the toxic bacteria Campylobacter jejuni.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154323/http://greyduckgarlic.com/garlic-kills-food-poisoning-bacteria.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "http://greyduckgarlic.com/garlic-kills-food-poisoning-bacteria.html" } ], "question": "What is the report on garlic being proven to be 100 times more effective than antibiotics?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The garlic compound diallyl sulfide is able to dissolve the biofilm and kill the cowering bacteria underneath 'Campylobacter jejuni' which is hard to kill because it produces a slimy protective biofilm that helps it repels antibiotics and stick to surfaces. \n\nCampylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food poisoning in the United States. Food poisoning strikes over 2.4 million Americans each year and symptoms include stomach pains, cramping, diarrhea and fever.\n\nDiallyl sulfide combines with a sulfur containing enzyme in the bacteria. This changes the enzyme’s function and shuts down cell metabolism; killing bacteria better and faster than antibiotics!", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154323/http://greyduckgarlic.com/garlic-kills-food-poisoning-bacteria.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "http://greyduckgarlic.com/garlic-kills-food-poisoning-bacteria.html" } ], "question": "How does the garlic compound diallyl sulfide kill bacteria?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "One, being \"Garlic for the Common Cold\", whose objectives are to determine whether garlic (Allium sativum) is effective for the prevention or treatment of the common cold when compared to placebo, no treatment, or other treatments.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530123945/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465033/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465033/" } ], "question": "Have there been other studies investigating whether garlic has antiviral properties?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The study was inconclusive.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530123945/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465033/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6465033/" } ], "question": "Did the \"Garlic for the Common Cold\" study find garlic to have antiviral properties?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did a 10 year old Barbados boy contract aids by eating a pineapple that had the vendors blood on?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The following are the means by which the HIV virus is spread:\n\nVertical transmission. HIV can be spread to babies born to, or breastfed by, mothers infected with the virus.\n\nSexual contact. In adults and adolescents, HIV is spread most commonly by sexual contact with an infected partner. The virus enters the body through the lining of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or abraded or irritated tissues in the lining of the mouth through sexual activity.\n\nBlood contamination. HIV may also be spread through contact with infected blood. However, due to the screening of donated blood for evidence of HIV infection, the risk of acquiring HIV from blood transfusions is extremely low.\n\nNeedles. HIV is frequently spread by sharing needles, syringes, or drug use equipment with someone who is infected with the virus. Transmission from patient to health care worker, or vice-versa, through accidental sticks with contaminated needles or other medical instruments, is rare.\n\nNo known cases of HIV/AIDS have been spread by the following:\n\nSaliva\n\nSweat\n\nTears\n\nCasual contact, such as sharing food utensils, towels, and bedding\n\nSwimming pools\n\nTelephones\n\nToilet seats\n\nBiting insects (such as mosquitoes)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522152037/https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=aidshiv-in-children-90-P02509", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=aidshiv-in-children-90-P02509" } ], "question": "How is Aids Transmitted?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "As per the report on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one cannot get HIV from consuming food handled by someone with HIV. Even if the food contained small amounts of HIV-infected blood or semen, exposure to the air, heat from cooking, and stomach acid would destroy the virus. Though it is very rare, HIV can be spread by eating food that has been pre-chewed by someone with HIV. The contamination occurs when infected blood from a caregiver’s mouth mixes with food while chewing. The only known cases are among infants.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601102553/https://data.cdc.gov/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://data.cdc.gov/" } ], "question": "Can you catch Aids by eating something with an infected persons blood on it?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A search of lipstick on the website, JustisOne, an extensive legal database that contains British parliamentary acts dating back to 1707. shows no result of such", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154439/https://app.justis.com/search/lipstick/1/Relevance", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://app.justis.com/search/lipstick/1/Relevance" } ], "question": "Has there ever been a ban on lipstick by the UK Parliament" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Other factors that increase the risk of vaginal yeast infections include stress, washing your genitals with soap, wearing synthetic and tight clothes, sweating and using “non-breathable” panty liners or sanitary pads.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304190607/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543220/#:~:text=non-breathable", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304190607/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543220/#:~:text=non-breathable" } ], "question": "Can wearing pads for too long cause any health risks" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It is true that synthetic materials of the types used in some high-absorbency feminine sanitary products can trap heat and dampness, which may promote the growth of yeast and bacteria and (in rare cases) create the potential for toxic shock syndrome, but that issue is associated with the use of tampons rather than sanitary pads", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154510/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sanitary-pad-warning/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sanitary-pad-warning/" }, { "answer": "According to Dr Aruna Kalra, mostly, sanitary pads are safe to use, however, there are a few ongoing studies that have reported the incidence of genital cancer with the use of sanitary pads that use absorptive agents like dioxin and super-absorbent polymers, because the nature of the dioxin (present in sanitary pads) can get accumulated in the body, and impact our reproductive organs, which can cause cervical cancer or ovarian cancer", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329125830/https://www.healthshots.com/intimate-health/feminine-hygiene/can-sanitary-napkins-cause-cancer-a-top-gynaecologist-reveals-the-truth/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.healthshots.com/intimate-health/feminine-hygiene/can-sanitary-napkins-cause-cancer-a-top-gynaecologist-reveals-the-truth/" } ], "question": "Can wearing sanitary pads for too long lead to cancer" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The City of New York's Mayors Management Report 2013.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154541/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/opportunity/pdf/policybriefs/street-homelessness-and-supportive-housing.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/opportunity/pdf/policybriefs/street-homelessness-and-supportive-housing.pdf" } ], "question": "What was this claim based on?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Homeless Outreach Population Estimate (HOPE), a yearly\ncensus conducted by the Department of Homeless Services and its\npartners, found 3,180 homeless people on the street the night the\ncensus was conducted in January 2013, a four percent reduction\ncompared to Fiscal 2012. Since Fiscal 2009, the population\nestimates have been up and down but relatively constant on\naverage. In the long-term the estimate of those living on the street in\n2013 is 28 percent lower than the baseline established in 2005. By\ncontrast the sheltered homeless population has risen in the short term, from an average of 39,673 in FY2012 to 47,084 in FY2013,\nand by 34% since Fiscal 2005", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230410034137/https://www.nyc.gov/assets/operations/downloads/pdf/mmr2013/2013_mmr.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/operations/downloads/pdf/mmr2013/2013_mmr.pdf" } ], "question": "What did The City of New York's Mayors Management Report 2013 conclude about homelessness?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "in a interview, he confirmed this claim", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210216191351/https://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/bloomberg-on-nyc-homelessness-a-total-lack-of-accountability/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210216191351/https://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/bloomberg-on-nyc-homelessness-a-total-lack-of-accountability/" } ], "question": "did the coalition officer make a statement on the decreased homelessness" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "U.S only uses “911” as its emergency contact number", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203920/https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/students-abroad/pdfs/911_ABROAD.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203920/https://travel.state.gov/content/dam/students-abroad/pdfs/911_ABROAD.pdf" } ], "question": "Is 112 an emergency number in the U.S?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "1-1-2 is an international number.\n\nSo, 1-1-2 is indeed an emergency number- but for Europe, not America. so dialing 1-1-2 in the U.S. will get you to 9-1-1.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191221215746/https://www.wcnc.com/article/amp/news/local/dialing-112-instead-of-911/464469075", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191221215746/https://www.wcnc.com/article/amp/news/local/dialing-112-instead-of-911/464469075" } ], "question": "If dialling 112 in the U.S will a caller be transferred to the emergency services?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Call 9-1-1 if you have concerns about the person pulling you over (i.e. if they are in an unmarked car or you would like to see another officer or want to reach a safe location.)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191221215746/https://www.wcnc.com/article/amp/news/local/dialing-112-instead-of-911/464469075", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191221215746/https://www.wcnc.com/article/amp/news/local/dialing-112-instead-of-911/464469075" } ], "question": "What number should you call in the U.S if you feel unsafe being pulled over by an unmarked police car?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The health benefits of black garlic are almost the same as white garlic BUT the fermentation process is said to enhance even further the amazing properties of the “regular” one. In a way it can be considered a kind of super-garlic. Or, in mathematical terms, as a to square white garlic.\nThe compound S-allylcysteine, a natural component of fresh garlic and a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, is found in much greater concentrations in black garlic. This compound is thought to help lower cholesterol and decrease the risk of cancer.\nWhite garlic is praised throughout the world for its anti-microbial, antibiotic and anti-fungal. All properties that are attributed to allicin. Black garlic’s S-allycysteine improves the absorption of allicin, boosting protection against infections.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322183607/https://www.theironyou.com/2012/04/have-you-ever-tried-black-garlic.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theironyou.com/2012/04/have-you-ever-tried-black-garlic.html" } ], "question": "What are the claimed health benefits of black garlic?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "the majority of research on black garlic’s health benefits has been conducted on laboratory animals, so there is still a lack of scientific evidence to support the use of black garlic for health purposes on humans.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322183607/https://www.theironyou.com/2012/04/have-you-ever-tried-black-garlic.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.theironyou.com/2012/04/have-you-ever-tried-black-garlic.html" } ], "question": "Have these health benefits been verified?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Free Secondary High School (Free SHS) education policy in Ghana was a government initiative launched by President Nana Akuffo-Addo in September 2017. The policy was part of Nana Addo’s campaign messages during Ghana's 2016 election period, and has become an essential part of Ghana's educational system. The policy's core themes of access, equity and equality fulfill the United Nations modified Sustainable Development Goals, where member countries amalgamate those themes in their educational systems to certify adequate learning experiences for students.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154613/https://gh.opera.news/gh/en/politics/3e42c2340932d9a6ba2d2c80c63cbb4f", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://gh.opera.news/gh/en/politics/3e42c2340932d9a6ba2d2c80c63cbb4f" } ], "question": "Did Former President John Mahama started the Free SHS Policy ?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "According to a 2012 study: \"Neuropsychological testing was conducted at age 13 y, before initiation of cannabis use, and again at age 38 y, after a pattern of persistent cannabis use had developed.Persistent cannabis use was associated with neuropsychological decline broadly across domains of functioning, even after controlling for years of education. Informants also reported noticing more cognitive problems for persistent cannabis users. Impairment was concentrated among adolescent-onset cannabis users, with more persistent use associated with greater decline.\"", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230605004437/https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1206820109", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1206820109" } ], "question": "Does marijuana affect adolescent intellectual development?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Section 233 in The Indian Penal Code\n\n233. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin.—Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process of making or mending, or buys, sells or disposes of, any die or instrument, for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for the purpose of counterfeiting coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200510001422/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1419576/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200510001422/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1419576/" } ], "question": "What is Section 233 in the Indian Penal Code?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Asha Kaushal (55), a resident of Bagh Mugalia locality, allegedly laced urine in the food at the kitchen of her employers Surendra Garden residence", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116154512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-searching-for-motive-behind-bizarre-act-of-domestic-help/articleshow/10398529.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116154512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-searching-for-motive-behind-bizarre-act-of-domestic-help/articleshow/10398529.cms?from=mdr" } ], "question": "Is there a report of a woman who mixed urine into the food of her employer" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Asha mentioned several reasons, including the employer's alleged undesirable behavior towards her younger daughter", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116154512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-searching-for-motive-behind-bizarre-act-of-domestic-help/articleshow/10398529.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116154512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/Police-searching-for-motive-behind-bizarre-act-of-domestic-help/articleshow/10398529.cms?from=mdr" } ], "question": "Why did Asha Kaushal mix urine into the food of her employer" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Was Asha Kaushal a Muslim, working in a Hindu household?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "You can’t get HIV from consuming food handled by someone with HIV", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210715193802/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210715193802/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html" } ], "question": "Can you get HIV from consuming food handled by someone with HIV ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "You cannot get it from consuming food handled by an HIV-infected person; even if the food contained small amounts of HIV-infected blood or semen, exposure to the air, heat from cooking, and stomach acid would destroy the virus.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210720075404/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210720075404/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html" } ], "question": "Can you catch HIV by eating fruit contaminated with blood by an HIV infected person?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Cadbury does not offer a free chocolate basket gift hamper for its 70th anniversary", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608154746/https://www.facebook.com/CadburyDairyMilkAustralia/posts/2108835512474494", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/CadburyDairyMilkAustralia/posts/2108835512474494" } ], "question": "Does Cadbury India have a giveaway promotion for its 70th anniversary?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Cadbury was founded in 1824", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328061626/https://www.chocablog.com/reviews/cadbury-dairy-milk/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.chocablog.com/reviews/cadbury-dairy-milk/" } ], "question": "How old is Cadbury?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "It shows an average of 321,652 cases settled across the five financial years.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155002/https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/year-end/year-endreports.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiXoZH6rNX6AhWHJ8AKHR-cAI0QFnoECAwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fpublicinfo%2Fyear-end%2Fyear-endreports.aspx&usg=AOvVaw0_tpO7IsitY4EPP5rs0SY2" } ], "question": "Over the last five financial year, what is the average number of settles cases?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Financial year\tCases\n2014/15\t334,685\n2015/16\t460,961\n2016/17\t344,180\n2017/18\t402,243\n2018/19\t484,349\nAverage\t405,283", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220721124655/https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/State-of-the-Judiciary-Report-2018-19.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220721124655/https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/State-of-the-Judiciary-Report-2018-19.pdf" } ], "question": "How many court cases are filed each year in Kenya?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The second Chief Justice under the 2010 constitution is C.J Maraga", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155054/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&feature=youtu.be&t=804&v=xb0LoEBc6_o", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&feature=youtu.be&t=804&v=xb0LoEBc6_o" } ], "question": "Who is the chief justice of Kenya?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "C.J Maraga, who assumed office in 2016, asked for more funding as he said “the judiciary does not even get 1% of the national budget” In an interview", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155054/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&feature=youtu.be&t=804&v=xb0LoEBc6_o", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&feature=youtu.be&t=804&v=xb0LoEBc6_o" } ], "question": "Has the chief justice of Kenya stated what the judiciary receives from the national budget?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "To allow for population differences in countries usually an average is based on per 100,000 people.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210124093850/https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and_Justice.pdf#page=119", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210124093850/https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and_Justice.pdf#page=119" } ], "question": "How are global averages calculated?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "What is the ‘global average’ for the number of judges and magistrates to number of people per country?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The population has grown to 47.6 Million in 2019", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172723/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621" } ], "question": "How many people live in Kenya?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "How many judges do they have in Kenya ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "So how many people are there for each judge?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "What is the judge-population ratio in Kenya?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "20/08/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230420135936/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xb0LoEBc6_o&t=761s", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xb0LoEBc6_o&t=761s" } ], "question": "When was this claim made?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Results\nThe total enumerated population was 47,564,296", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328172723/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.knbs.or.ke/?p=5621" } ], "question": "What is the population of Kenya?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "As of June 2019 Kenya had 153 judges.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155221/https://www.judiciary.go.ke/download/sojar-report/", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://www.judiciary.go.ke/download/sojar-report/" } ], "question": "How many judges does Kenya have?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There have been three reported cases in China although they have not been verified", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322220844/https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-baby-transmit-womb-pregnancy.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-baby-transmit-womb-pregnancy.html" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There has been a case in Singapore", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155324/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-idUSKBN289069", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-idUSKBN289069" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "There has been a case in Bulgaria", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155348/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/bulgarian-baby-born-with-covid-19-antibodies/2115619", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/latest-on-coronavirus-outbreak/bulgarian-baby-born-with-covid-19-antibodies/2115619" } ], "question": "Are there any earlier cases of babies being born with COVID antibodies?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It seems to be the first case where the mother is vaccinated, however it seems that the newborn is unlikely to get his antibodies from the mother. Therefore, the answer is no.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155444/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2021/03/23/3-chinese-abies-were-born-with-coronavirus-antibodies", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2021/03/23/3-chinese-abies-were-born-with-coronavirus-antibodies" } ], "question": "Is there any indication that the baby in the US was the first one to be born with Covid antibodies?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "A 17-member taskforce, formed to investigate the efficacy of yoga guru Baba Ramdev’s ‘Covid cure’ kit, has suggested to the Modi government that Patanjali Ayurveda should not sell its ayurvedic medicines as “Covid-19 cure”, ThePrint has learnt. \n\nThe taskforce has told the Ministry of AYUSH in its report that the company should first complete the clinical trials and it should sell the medicines only for those conditions, such as treating cough and fever, for which it has sought the approvals.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201107225032/https://theprint.in/health/ramdevs-patanjali-shouldnt-sell-its-medicines-as-covid-cure-taskforce-tells-modi-govt/451263/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201107225032/https://theprint.in/health/ramdevs-patanjali-shouldnt-sell-its-medicines-as-covid-cure-taskforce-tells-modi-govt/451263/" } ], "question": "Has the Patanjali covid-19 cure been approved?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Patanjali Ayurved has launched the ‘Coronil and Swasari’ medicine with the claim that it has discovered a cure for COVID-19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201107225032/https://theprint.in/health/ramdevs-patanjali-shouldnt-sell-its-medicines-as-covid-cure-taskforce-tells-modi-govt/451263/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201107225032/https://theprint.in/health/ramdevs-patanjali-shouldnt-sell-its-medicines-as-covid-cure-taskforce-tells-modi-govt/451263/" } ], "question": "Did Patanjali release a covid-19 vaccine?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "It is an Ayurvedic drug manufacturing company.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031143/https://theprint.in/health/ayush-ministry-asks-ramdevs-patanjali-for-details-of-its-covid-medicine-halts-advertising/447408/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031143/https://theprint.in/health/ayush-ministry-asks-ramdevs-patanjali-for-details-of-its-covid-medicine-halts-advertising/447408/" } ], "question": "What is Patanjali?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The firm claimed its medicine has shown 100 per cent favourable results during clinical trials on COVID-19 patients, except those on life support systems.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031143/https://theprint.in/health/ayush-ministry-asks-ramdevs-patanjali-for-details-of-its-covid-medicine-halts-advertising/447408/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031143/https://theprint.in/health/ayush-ministry-asks-ramdevs-patanjali-for-details-of-its-covid-medicine-halts-advertising/447408/" } ], "question": "What claims did Patanjali make about it's covid-19 medicine?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "\"we have to solve the terrorism crisis on our country first.\"", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155519/https://twitter.com/TimesNow/status/1097740177450053632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TimesNow/status/1097740177450053632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "What did Times Now report that Kumaraswamy said?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No, he was speaking Kannada.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155519/https://twitter.com/TimesNow/status/1097740177450053632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TimesNow/status/1097740177450053632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" } ], "question": "Was Kumaraswamy speaking in English?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Are there alternative translations of what Kumaraswamy said?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Malaria is a parasitic infection transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes. It causes an estimated 219 million cases globally, and results in more than 400,000 deaths every year.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522223230/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases" }, { "answer": "Dengue is the most prevalent viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. More than 3.9 billion people in over 129 countries are at risk of contracting dengue, with an estimated 96 million symptomatic cases and an estimated 40,000 deaths every year.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522223230/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases" } ], "question": "What fatal diseases are caused by mosquitos?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "400,000 + 40,000 = 440,000\n440,000/365 = 1,205\n\nWHO estimates 1,205 per day.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522223230/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases" } ], "question": "How many people die from mosquito borne diseases a day?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Some of those states include, California, Illinois, Hawaii, Delaware and some others", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210521174210/https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Memorandum_Law-Enforcement-and-Stay-at-Home-Orders.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210521174210/https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Memorandum_Law-Enforcement-and-Stay-at-Home-Orders.pdf" } ], "question": "Are there any states in the U.S that view stay at home orders as laws" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "HS2 is Government’s proposed new high-speed rail line in the UK.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155609/https://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/highways_and_roads/roadworks/major-projects/hs2_in_cheshire_east/hs2_in_cheshire_east.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/highways_and_roads/roadworks/major-projects/hs2_in_cheshire_east/hs2_in_cheshire_east.aspx" } ], "question": "Which country has an HS2 project?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "-The Conservative Party\n- The Labour Party\n-The Liberal Democrats\n-Scottish National Party\n-Reform UK", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155717/https://www.studypolitics.co.uk/2023/04/who-are-uk-political-parties/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.studypolitics.co.uk/2021/09/who-are-uk-political-parties/" } ], "question": "What political parties exist in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "As of 2019 HS2 is expected to cost £156.95 billion", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155736/https://midlandseconomicforum.co.uk/images/uploads/HS2_A_Few_Sums_16Apr19_1.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://midlandseconomicforum.co.uk/images/uploads/HS2_A_Few_Sums_16Apr19_1.pdf" } ], "question": "What is the cost of the UK's HS2 in 2022?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Labour party manifesto includes plans for an £83 billion increase in day-to-day spending and compensation for the WASPI women at a cost of up to £58 billion", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144031/https://fullfact.org/electionlive/2019/nov/25/conservatives-repeat-misleading-labour-cost-figure/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144031/https://fullfact.org/electionlive/2019/nov/25/conservatives-repeat-misleading-labour-cost-figure/" } ], "question": "What is the UK labour party's latest manifesto costing as of 2022?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "5.5 million people from Britain live overseas and 2,000 a week leave the UK", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519181825/https://www.iexpats.com/where-do-british-expats-live/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.iexpats.com/where-do-british-expats-live/" } ], "question": "How many british people live over seas?" } ]

[ "Position Statement", "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Helen Reece, a reader in law at the London School of Economics, called on Theresa May, the Home Secretary, to relax rules which automatically ban sex offenders from caring for children, saying that this could breach their human rights.\nThe law was looked at but Theresa May did not specify that she supported it.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116005155/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/8201521/Sex-offenders-including-paedophiles-should-be-allowed-to-adopt-Theresa-May-told.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201116005155/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/conservative/8201521/Sex-offenders-including-paedophiles-should-be-allowed-to-adopt-Theresa-May-told.html" } ], "question": "Did Theresa May support paedophiles and sex offenders adopting?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "None.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155759/https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/divisions.php?rdisplay=2005&house=commons", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/divisions.php?rdisplay=2005&house=commons" } ], "question": "What votes were held in the House of Commons on 7th June 2005?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "London's Met Police confirmed 'We have not received any reports of a stabbing in relation to today's protests'", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200613202700/https://twitter.com/MetPoliceEvents/status/1271898594304577542", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200613202700/https://twitter.com/MetPoliceEvents/status/1271898594304577542" } ], "question": "were there any reported stabbings at any protests in London on the 13th June 2022?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Some traditional healers say elephant dung has healing properties including for treating headaches, toothaches and blocked sinuses", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230316000254/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-namibia-idUSKCN25E1GN", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-namibia-idUSKCN25E1GN" } ], "question": "Does Elephant dung have medicinal properties?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Health Minister Kalumbi Shangula said COVID-19 currently has no known cure.\n\n“If anybody claims as such, it must be treated as a false claim,”", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230316000254/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-namibia-idUSKCN25E1GN", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-namibia-idUSKCN25E1GN" } ], "question": "Has elephant dung been known to help with Covid-19?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "82nd", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608155850/https://www.passportindex.org/byRank.php?f=afr", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.passportindex.org/byRank.php?f=afr" } ], "question": "According to the Global passport index, where does Nigeria rank?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "95th", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230513022741/https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking" } ], "question": "According to the Henley Passport index, where does Nigeria rank?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "To date, and after much research performed, no adverse health effect has been causally linked with exposure to wireless technologies. Health-related conclusions are drawn from studies performed across the entire radio spectrum but, so far, only a few studies have been carried out at the frequencies to be used by 5G.\n\nTissue heating is the main mechanism of interaction between radiofrequency fields and the human body. Radiofrequency exposure levels from current technologies result in negligible temperature rise in the human body.\n\nAs the frequency increases, there is less penetration into the body tissues and absorption of the energy becomes more confined to the surface of the body (skin and eye). Provided that the overall exposure remains below international guidelines, no consequences for public health are anticipated.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230510143551/https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-5g-mobile-networks-and-health", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-5g-mobile-networks-and-health" } ], "question": "What are the health risks of 5G on the human body?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Claims state 5G weakens the immune system, making it easier to contract COVID-19, or that it directly causes the virus. Simply put, research emphasizes that the belief that 5G causes or can spread COVID-19 isn’t true.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530121306/http://www.forbes.com/health/body/is-5g-safe/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.forbes.com/health/body/is-5g-safe/" } ], "question": "Does 5G reduce immunity and cause COVID-19?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The active substance is BNT162b2 RNA, lipids, salts, sugar and water", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://practio.co.uk/coronavirus/articles/coronavirus-vaccine-ingredients" } ], "question": "What is covid-19 vaccine made of" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Nando's have 434 restaurants in the UK.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160458/https://www.nandos.co.uk/halal", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nandos.co.uk/halal#" } ], "question": "How many Nando's restaurants are there in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "...76 ... of which serve only Halal chicken and are signposted both in the restaurant and online. A small proportion of chicken sold in our other restaurants may also be Halal. This may happen on rare occasions if there are, for example, issues with supply. However, all of our chickens are packaged, labelled and distributed to their intended restaurant.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160458/https://www.nandos.co.uk/halal", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nandos.co.uk/halal" } ], "question": "How many of the UK restaurants serve only halal chicken?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that she and her ministers would be met with a 20% cut to their pay for the next 6 months.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304163352/https://www.health.govt.nz/news-media/news-items/covid-19-media-update-15-april", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210304163352/https://www.health.govt.nz/news-media/news-items/covid-19-media-update-15-april" } ], "question": "Did the New Zealand government announce a 20% cut in pay?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "10 per cent for MPs", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160525/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-mps-pay-cuts-finally-in-effect-after-jacinda-ardern-promised-them-three-months-ago/WDCQYJTS4UOTTA3AXLMKRPHKA4/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-mps-pay-cuts-finally-in-effect-after-jacinda-ardern-promised-them-three-months-ago/WDCQYJTS4UOTTA3AXLMKRPHKA4/" } ], "question": "What was the pay cut percentage for MP's?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "In 2015, the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine took the unprecedented step of telling the country it should fire prosecutors who were blocking an investigation of the owner of Burisma, where Hunter Biden was reportedly earning $50,000 a month.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417121711/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-talking-to-ukrainian-officials-disproves-the-trump-narrative-on-biden", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-talking-to-ukrainian-officials-disproves-the-trump-narrative-on-biden" } ], "question": "Was Victor Shokin investigating Burisma?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "That Joe Biden's son Hunter was a member of the board of Burisma was only a decoration of no significance.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210620012622/https://twitter.com/anders_aslund/status/1175207735148892160", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210620012622/https://twitter.com/anders_aslund/status/1175207735148892160" } ], "question": "Was Hunter Biden part of Burisma Board?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "In the eyes of many Ukrainians, his biggest failure was that nobody from the former regime was prosecuted for the killing of protesters here on Independence Square.\nParliamentarian Yehor Soboliev was the first official to demand the prosecutor's dismissal.\n\nAnother reason was failure to investigate grand corruption of Yanukovych. Ukrainian prosecutor general's office didn't want to help to provide evidence.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417121711/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-talking-to-ukrainian-officials-disproves-the-trump-narrative-on-biden", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-talking-to-ukrainian-officials-disproves-the-trump-narrative-on-biden" } ], "question": "Why was Victor Shukin fired?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Diane Abbott can be heard saying on a 2008 episode of This Week ,\"I suppose that some people would judge that on balance Mao did more good than harm; you can’t say that about the Nazis.\" When responding to host Andrew Neil's question on \"Why is it right to wear a Maoist t-shirt, but obviously wrong, because it is, to wear a Hitler t-shirt?\"", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530150329/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB4o5n2EGyA", "source_medium": "Video", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB4o5n2EGyA" } ], "question": "Did Diane Abbott say that Chairman \"Mao did more good than harm.\"?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "​£65,738", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200319121731/https://www.theipsa.org.uk/mp-costs/mps-pay-and-pensions/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200319121731/https://www.theipsa.org.uk/mp-costs/mps-pay-and-pensions/" } ], "question": "How much were MP's Paid in 2010?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "£77,379", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200319121731/https://www.theipsa.org.uk/mp-costs/mps-pay-and-pensions/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200319121731/https://www.theipsa.org.uk/mp-costs/mps-pay-and-pensions/" } ], "question": "How much were MP's Paid in 2018?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "A mixture of turmeric, cloves, lemon with skin, ginger with water.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "What is the recipe for Kashayam in the claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The word means decoction. It is a home made cure made from any combination of herbs and spices.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608160628/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/that-weekly-dose-of-kashayam/article3542005.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/that-weekly-dose-of-kashayam/article3542005.ece" } ], "question": "What is kashayam?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "To date, there is no specific medicine recommended to prevent or treat the new coronavirus.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604184614/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters" } ], "question": "Are there any medicines that can cure the new coronavirus?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Consultation", "Satirical Source Identification" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "there is no record in Hansard of Mark Francois stating this.", "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://hansard.parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=1444&startDate=2001-01-01&endDate=2020-07-21&type=Spoken&searchTerm=\"gender%20pay%20gap\"&outputType=List&partial=False" } ], "question": "Did Mark Francois deny the existence of the gender pay gap in parliament?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Did Mark Francois deny the existence of the gender pay gap outside of parliament?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Hansard records all speeches made in the UK Houses of Parliament. Hansard has no record of Mark Francois mentioning the gender pay gap.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://hansard.parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=1444&startDate=2001-01-01&endDate=2020-07-21&type=Spoken&searchTerm=\"gender%20pay%20gap\"&outputType=List&partial=False" } ], "question": "Whilst speaking in the UK House of Parliament, did Mark Francois deny the existence of the gender pay gap ?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "Whilst speaking outside the UK House of Parliament, did Mark Francois deny the existence of the gender pay gap ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "WHO's Fact Sheet for HIV AIDS dated 14 July 2021 states:\nThere is no cure for HIV infection.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230401173222/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids" } ], "question": "What does The World Health Organisation state on its HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet under the Key Facts heading?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Israeli company Zion Medical released a press statement claiming to have found a “potential” cure for HIV using the drug called Gammora after what it said was a 10-week trial of the drug.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://bhekisisa.org/article/2018-11-09-00-fake-news-fake-hiv-cures-real-consequences-zion-medical-press-release-gammora/" } ], "question": "What is Gomorra's connection to Israeli company, Zion Medical?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Bhekisisa Centre for Health Journalism is an independent media organisation that specialises in narrative, solutions journalism focusing on health and social justice issues across Africa. Our stories are distributed through News24, the Daily Maverick and the Mail & Guardian and reach policymakers, academics, activists and political leaders, often resulting in shifts in policy, setting national agendas and defining conversations. Trained in evidence-based journalism, our reporters and editors use peer-reviewed journal studies and reliable statistics to support the narratives in our stories.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322140826/https://bhekisisa.org/what-is-bhekisisa/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://bhekisisa.org/what-is-bhekisisa/" } ], "question": "What is Bhekisisa?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "TEL AVIV, Israel, Oct. 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Zion Medical, an Israeli biotech company developing HIV and cancer treatments, has announced the results of the first clinical trial of HIV-drug Gammora, eliminating up to 99% of the HIV virus within four weeks of treatment.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161311/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zion-medical-announces-results-of-first-human-clinical-trial-of-hiv-drug-gammora-offering-potential-cure-300741569.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zion-medical-announces-results-of-first-human-clinical-trial-of-hiv-drug-gammora-offering-potential-cure-300741569.html" } ], "question": "What did Zion Medical's press release on October 31, 2018 claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Between July and August 2018, Zion Medical conducted a Phase 1/2a human clinical trial of Gammora, reaffirming results of prior preclinical tests that had showed the safety and effectiveness of the drug in killing HIV-infected cells. In Part I of this trial, nine HIV-infected patients at the Dr. Ronald Bata Memorial Hospital in Entebbe, Uganda, ...", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161311/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zion-medical-announces-results-of-first-human-clinical-trial-of-hiv-drug-gammora-offering-potential-cure-300741569.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zion-medical-announces-results-of-first-human-clinical-trial-of-hiv-drug-gammora-offering-potential-cure-300741569.html" } ], "question": "What clinical trials did Zion Medical claim to have carried out with Gamorra?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Zion Medical’s “trial” was carried out at Dr Ronald Bata Memorial Hospital in Entebbe, Uganda, the company says in its release. There is no such trial registered in Entebbe, according to a search of the site ClinicalTrials.gov.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://bhekisisa.org/article/2018-11-09-00-fake-news-fake-hiv-cures-real-consequences-zion-medical-press-release-gammora/" }, { "answer": "In an interview on 14 November with Bhekisisa, Zion Medical CEO Zyon Ayni told Bhekisisa that while the trial was not registered with the National Drug Authority (NDA), this kind of approval was not needed because the study took place in a military hospital. The Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) has confirmed that regardless where a trial takes place, it must go through both the UNCST and the NDA.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://bhekisisa.org/article/2018-11-09-00-fake-news-fake-hiv-cures-real-consequences-zion-medical-press-release-gammora/" }, { "answer": "Even a cursory glance through the supposed methodology of the study is worrying.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://bhekisisa.org/article/2018-11-09-00-fake-news-fake-hiv-cures-real-consequences-zion-medical-press-release-gammora/" } ], "question": "What was Bhekisisa's comment re the trials conducted by Zion Medical with Gammora?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Joyous Journey (JJ) Express Bus Company", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161559/https://m.facebook.com/jjexpressbus/posts/2722930107810803?_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://m.facebook.com/jjexpressbus/posts/2722930107810803?_rdr" } ], "question": "Who posted the original pictures?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The photos and videos of DLTB's new bus do not match with the bus in the image claim.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161740/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Finquirerdotnet%2Fposts%2F10159263347869453&wtsid=rdr_1HnckFTghnzcFcqKV", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/inquirerdotnet/posts/10159263347869453" } ], "question": "Does DLTB's new bus match with the images?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 states that to become the Head of State,\nA person shall be qualified for election to the office of the President if –\n(a) he is a citizen of Nigeria by birth;\n(b) he has attained the age of thirty-five years;8\n(c) he is a member of a political party and is sponsored by that political party; and\n(d) he has been educated up to at least School Certificate level or its equivalent. (Sec. 131)", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161756/https://constitutions.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/nigeria", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://constitutions.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/nigeria" } ], "question": "Do you need a West African Examination Council [WAEC] certificate to become the President of Nigeria?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "- service in the public or private sector in the Federation in any capacity acceptable to the Independent National Electoral Commission for a minimum of ten years \n\n- attendance at courses and training institutions as may be acceptable to the Independent National Electoral Commission for periods totaling up to a minimum of one year, \n\n- the ability to read, write, understand and communicate in the English language to the satisfaction of the Independent National Electoral Commission, \n\n- any other qualification acceptable by the Independent National Electoral Commission.”", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161756/https://constitutions.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/nigeria", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://constitutions.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/nigeria" } ], "question": "What is meant by certificate of education or equivalent in The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 part on head of state qualifications?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number 1 cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year.\nSo 490,411 a day", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531020224/https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/" } ], "question": "How many people die from Cardiovascular disease each year?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "It was 0.9% of the GDP", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125125758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/11/01/president-trumps-tax-cut-not-the-biggest-in-u-s-history/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125125758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/11/01/president-trumps-tax-cut-not-the-biggest-in-u-s-history/" } ], "question": "How much of the GDP was the tax cut of the Donald Trump government" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes there are several and they include \nEconomic Recovery Act of 1981 (Reagan): 2.89 percent\nRevenue Act of 1945 (Truman): 2.67 percent\nRevenue Act of 1948 (Truman): 1.87 percent\nAmerican Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (Obama): 1.78 percent\nRevenue Act of 1964 (Johnson): 1.6 percent\nTax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2010 (Obama): 1.31 percent", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125125758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/11/01/president-trumps-tax-cut-not-the-biggest-in-u-s-history/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210125125758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/11/01/president-trumps-tax-cut-not-the-biggest-in-u-s-history/" } ], "question": "Are there other tax cuts that are higher than Donald Trump's government tax cut" } ]

[ "Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Madrileña de la Cerna: \"In the first place, we learned that her admission to the college was questionable because she did not finish her undergraduate studies at Princeton but was admitted just the same with intense pressure on the administration (whose admission policies are very strict).\"", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406025123/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/147322/taste-fake-news", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/147322/taste-fake-news" } ], "question": "Did Imee Marcos attend the University of the Philippines College of Law?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "It was a public knowledge during my stay in the campus that Imee could not graduate because she lacked 35 units.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406025123/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/147322/taste-fake-news", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/147322/taste-fake-news" } ], "question": "Did Imee Marcos graduate from UP College of Law?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "£22,917", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190725233837/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/636389/School_teachers__pay_and_conditions_document_2017.pdf#page=19", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190725233837/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/636389/School_teachers__pay_and_conditions_document_2017.pdf#page=19" } ], "question": "How much was the minimum pay for teachers in 2017" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "£21,588", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221226183059/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130321074055/https:/www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/2010%20PandC%20All%20sections.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130321074055/https:/www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/2010%20PandC%20All%20sections.pdf" } ], "question": "What was the basic salary of a teacher in 2010" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "but, in Northern Ireland it has had a long history of it being politically and socially controversial to display various flags, including the Union flag.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413192916/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/identity/flag-2012.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413192916/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/issues/identity/flag-2012.htm" } ], "question": "Can you get arrested for waving the British flag?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The Police Service of Northern Ireland has said it will treat the erection of loyalist flags in a mixed area of south Belfast as a breach of the peace.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413190609/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-27815424", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210413190609/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-27815424" }, { "answer": "Yes", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Until 1987, the Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 states: \n\nWhere any police officer, having regard to the time or place at which and the circumstances in which any emblem is being displayed, apprehends that the display of such emblem may occasion a breach of the peace, he may require the person displaying or responsible for the display of such emblem to discontinue such display or cause it to be discontinued; and any person who refuses or fails to comply with such a requirement shall be guilty of an offence against this Act.\n\n(2) Where -\n \t(a) a requirement under the preceding subsection is not complied with; or\n \t(b) the person responsible for such display is not readily available; or\n(c) no person, or no person responsible for such display and capable of complying with such a requirement, is present on or in any lands or premises whereon or wherein such an emblem is being displayed;\n \ta police officer may without warrant enter any such lands or premises, using such force as may be necessary, and may remove and seize and detain such emblem.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210415135552/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/fea1954.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210415135552/https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/hmso/fea1954.htm" } ], "question": "Has Northern Ireland had laws criminalizing the display of flags?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There are no laws on flags in the UK though. Not on land anyway", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425072242/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-49263379", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-49263379" }, { "answer": "\"There are no laws on flags in the UK though. Not on land anyway,\" said Mr Bartram.\n\nThis was confirmed by a spokeswoman for the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, which is responsible for setting designated days for flying the union flag on government buildings, who said there was \"no legislation governing flag flying in the United Kingdom\".", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425072242/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-49263379", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-49263379" } ], "question": "Is it illegal to wave the British flag?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Data reported on the 11th February 2020 for the previous 24hr period shows 108 new deaths in China from Covid 19.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210308091228/http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2", "source_medium": "PDF", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210308091228/http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2" } ], "question": "How many people died from Covid 19 on the 10th February 2020?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Nigeria was first under military rule from 1966 to 1979, so 13 years.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211109064318/https://www.jstor.org/stable/421646", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211109064318/https://www.jstor.org/stable/421646" }, { "answer": "The second military rule was 16 years, from 1983-1999.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210423041938/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Military-regimes-1983-99", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210423041938/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Military-regimes-1983-99" } ], "question": "When was Nigeria under military rule?" } ]

[ "Position Statement" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "yes he said:\n\n\"They voted for Anthony Charles Lynton Blair to serve as their leader. They were at no stage invited to vote on whether Gordon Brown should be PM.\"", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031431/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3640768/Browns-looking-for-a-Scottish-ally.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031431/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3640768/Browns-looking-for-a-Scottish-ally.html" } ], "question": "Is Boris Johnson quotes as saying that Gordon Brown should not have become Prime Minister after Tony Blair with no public vote?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Numerical Comparison" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "9th and 10th of May 2020.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "Which weekend is Trump referring to in this claim?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No answer could be found.", "answer_type": "Unanswerable", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": null, "source_medium": "", "source_url": "" } ], "question": "What were the number of new cases reported across that weekend in the United States?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "The national percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at public health, clinical and commercial laboratories decreased from week 21 to week 22; however, percent positivity increased slightly in four regions.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230410143045/http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/past-reports/06052020.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/past-reports/06052020.html" } ], "question": "Did the numbers decline significantly in May 2020?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Research carried out in 2020 showed that the existing Covid-19 tests did not give positive results in the presence of other Covid viruses.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524081002/http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/wuhan-virus-assay-v1991527e5122341d99287a1b17c111902.pdf?", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/wuhan-virus-assay-v1991527e5122341d99287a1b17c111902.pdf" } ], "question": "Do Covid-19 tests detect other types of coronavirus (non-Covid-19)?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "01/08/2022", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "source_url": "Metadata" } ], "question": "When was this claim made?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "23/03/2020", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601202019/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-address-to-the-nation-on-coronavirus-23-march-2020", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-address-to-the-nation-on-coronavirus-23-march-2020" } ], "question": "When did lockdown start in the UK?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Provisional data for 2019.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608161959/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathscausedbysuicidebyquarterinengland", "source_medium": "Web table", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathscausedbysuicidebyquarterinengland" }, { "answer": "In 2018, there were 6,507 suicides registered in the UK", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523104659/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/suicidesintheunitedkingdom/2018registrations", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/suicidesintheunitedkingdom/2018registrations" } ], "question": "What statistics on UK suicides were available on 01/08/2020?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "There is currently no evidence of a rise in suicide rates. However we know that many people are struggling with their mental health during this difficult time and we’re here 24/7 for whoever needs us.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608162024/https://twitter.com/samaritans/status/1277622114246365196", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/samaritans/status/1277622114246365196" } ], "question": "Do The Samaritans have any data for suicides since the start of lockdown in the UK at the the of this claim?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "the belief that magnetic pole reversal that could lead to the earth spinning in the opposite direction.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://perma.cc/3GN5-XS7C?type=image", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/3GN5-XS7C?type=image" } ], "question": "Why is the claim suggesting the sun would start to rise in the west?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "The earth rotation is not affected by a magnetic change", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210716204757/https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question14.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210716204757/https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question14.html" } ], "question": "Does a magentic pole reversal cause the sun to change where it rises?" } ]

[ "Numerical Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "According to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer, there were 9.6 million deaths from cancer in 2018. That works out to around 26,000 deaths a day worldwide.", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608162044/https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=continents&population=900&populations=900&key=total&sex=0&cancer=39&type=1&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B%5D=0&ages_group%5B%5D=17&nb_items=7&group_cancer=1&include_nmsc=1&include_nmsc_other=1&half_pie=0&donut=0&population_group_globocan_id=", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=continents&population=900&populations=900&key=total&sex=0&cancer=39&type=1&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B%5D=0&ages_group%5B%5D=17&nb_items=7&group_cancer=1&include_nmsc=1&include_nmsc_other=1&half_pie=0&donut=0&population_group_globocan_id=" } ], "question": "What is the daily mortality rate for people with cancer?" } ]

[ "Quote Verification" ]

[ "Written Evidence", "Consultation" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "No", "answer_type": "Boolean", "boolean_explanation": "Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel stated that Modi was mentally unstable. There are no reports of Urmila Matondkar ever making such a comment.", "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201030173735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/pm-in-need-of-medication-has-lost-mental-balance-bhupesh-baghel-on-pm-modi-s-rajiv-gandhi-comment/story-vIOIX7i2GEcEOV9WAPONbM.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201030173735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/pm-in-need-of-medication-has-lost-mental-balance-bhupesh-baghel-on-pm-modi-s-rajiv-gandhi-comment/story-vIOIX7i2GEcEOV9WAPONbM.html" } ], "question": "Did Urmila Matondkar say, \"By abusing martyr Rajiv Gandhi, Modi has proved he is mentally ill.\"?" } ]

[ "Causal Claim" ]

[ "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "Wuhan, capital of Hubei, is one of the first pilot cities of the 5G network in China.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230317141019/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/27/c_138094302.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/27/c_138094302.htm" } ], "question": "Was Wuhan one of the first places to get 5G?" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "China Mobile, the world’s largest mobile operator in terms of subscribers, had plans to carry out external field test in the cities of Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Suzhou, and Wuhan and deploy more than 100 base stations in these locations. China Mobile also has said it would conduct 5G network application demonstrations in 12 cities including Beijing, Chengdu, and Shenzhen.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608162400/https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181004/5g/china-completes-third-phase-national-5g-trial-program", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181004/5g/china-completes-third-phase-national-5g-trial-program" } ], "question": "Were there other areas that had the 5G pilot trails in them ?" } ]

[ "Event/Property Claim" ]

[ "Written Evidence" ]

[ { "answers": [ { "answer": "An uncontrolled fire in an adjacent warehouse ignited ~2,750 tons of Ammonium Nitrate (AN), producing one of the most devastating blasts in recent history", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509190110/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212863/", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8212863/" } ], "question": "What caused the Beirut explosion" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Israel’s Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi told Israeli N12 television news that the explosion was most likely an accident caused by a fire and that they had nothing to do with it", "answer_type": "Abstractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034849/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-security-blast-israel/israel-not-involved-in-beirut-blast-israeli-official-says-idUSKCN2502C2", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034849/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-security-blast-israel/israel-not-involved-in-beirut-blast-israeli-official-says-idUSKCN2502C2" } ], "question": "Did the Israeli government take responsibility for the blast" }, { "answers": [ { "answer": "Prime Minister Netanyahu pointed out that in order to prevent disasters like the one that occurred at Beirut port, the explosives and missiles that Hezbollah has hidden must be removed from all concentrations of civilian population in Lebanon.", "answer_type": "Extractive", "boolean_explanation": null, "cached_source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608130640/https://twitter.com/login", "source_medium": "Web text", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/search?q=%22beirut%22%20(from%3AIsraeliPM)&src=typed_query" } ], "question": "What did Israeli prime minister say concerning the Beirut blast" } ]