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Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha deletion promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4á), the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, has been recently shown to inhibit hepatocyte proliferation by way of unknown mechanisms. We investigated the mechanisms of HNF4á-induced inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation using a novel tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible, hepatocyte-specific HNF4á knockdown mouse model. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of HNF4á in adult mice resulted in increased hepatocyte proliferation, with a significant increase in liver-to-body-weight ratio. We determined global gene expression changes using Illumina HiSeq-based RNA sequencing, which revealed that a significant number of up-regulated genes following deletion of HNF4á were associated with cancer pathogenesis, cell cycle control, and cell proliferation. The pathway analysis further revealed that c-Myc-regulated gene expression network was highly activated following HNF4á deletion. To determine whether deletion of HNF4á affects cancer pathogenesis, HNF4á knockdown was induced in mice treated with the known hepatic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Deletion of HNF4á significantly increased the number and size of DEN-induced hepatic tumors. Pathological analysis revealed that tumors in HNF4á-deleted mice were well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma. Analysis of tumors and surrounding normal liver tissue in DEN-treated HNF4á knockout mice showed significant induction in c-Myc expression. Taken together, deletion of HNF4á in adult hepatocytes results in increased hepatocyte proliferation and promotion of DEN-induced hepatic tumors secondary to aberrant c-Myc activation.

['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Diethylnitrosamine', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4', 'Hepatocytes', 'Homeostasis', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Tamoxifen', 'Transcriptome']

[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.654.442.200'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['E05.393.332'], ['D12.776.260.262.968', 'D12.776.660.352.968', 'D12.776.826.119', 'D12.776.930.318.968'], ['A11.436.348'], ['G07.410'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Interlimb coordination in 20-day-old rat fetuses.

Evidence for short sequences of interlimb coordination was found in 20-day-old rat fetuses. Frame-by-frame analysis of videotape records showed phase relationships indicating a pattern of alternation in sequences involving forelimb-forelimb and hindlimb-hindlimb coordination. Forelimb-hindlimb coordination was not observed.

['Animals', 'Extremities', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Functional Laterality', 'Locomotion', 'Movement', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Videotape Recording']

[['B01.050'], ['A01.378'], ['A16.378'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']

The cuprizone model: regional heterogeneity of pathology.

The cuprizone model is a model of de- and remyelination secondary to oligodendrocyte death, likely to be mediated by an inhibition of mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to characterize histopathological changes associated with de/remyelination in grey and white matter at different disease stages in C57Bl/6 mice after per oral administration of cuprizone. Oligodendrocyte loss, astrocytosis and complement activation was detected in areas of demyelination. Demyelination, astrocytosis and complement activation occurred earlier in the cerebral cortex than in the corpus callosum. There was no perivascular lymphocyte infiltration. Microglia- and macrophage activation was observed in the corpus callosum, but not in the cerebral cortex. After cuprizone exposure was stopped, remyelination was extensive in the corpus callosum, but scarce in the cortex. In conclusion, cortical demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss in the cuprizone model may be due to a direct effect on oligodendrocyte mitochondrial function, as it occurs in the absence of microglial activation. The histopathology of de/remyelination in the cuprizone treated mice show regional heterogeneities which suggest differences in the underlying pathophysiology. Cuprizone-induced demyelination is a relevant model for the study of regional heterogeneity of demyelination and lesion pathology in multiple sclerosis.

['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Cuprizone', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Female', 'Gliosis', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microglia', 'Mitochondria', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Oligodendroglia']

[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.190'], ['C10.314'], ['C23.550.369'], ['D12.776.260.103.625.750', 'D12.776.930.125.625.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

Non-invasive continuous arterial pressure, heart rate and stroke volume measurements during graded head-up tilt in normal man.

The haemodynamic effects of head-up tilt (HUT) at different tilt angles were investigated non-invasively in eight normal male subjects. Mean arterial pressure (MAP; by Ohmeda Finapres 2300), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR; by BoMed NCCOM3-R7S) were continuously recorded whilst performing a series of HUTs (55 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 55 degrees) lasting 3 min each. The response to HUT was proportional to the sinc of the tilt angle. The magnitude of the response varied between subjects. HUT to 55 degrees resulted in mean (95% confidence limits) increases in MAP by 16 (+/-16)% and HR by 11 (+/-24)% and a decrease in SV by -25 (+/-22)%. These results were repeatable after 30 min. At small tilt angles, i.e. < or = 20 degrees, MAP did not change and HR decreased by -3 (+/-4)%. A detailed analysis revealed immediate dynamic (0-30 s), late dynamic (30-90 s) and plateau (after 90 s) phases in the response to HUT. In conclusion, HUT produces reproducible haemodynamic effects, although differences exist among subjects. A detailed analysis of these effects can be successfully performed using non-invasive methods.

['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Head-Down Tilt', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Posture', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Stroke Volume']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G11.427.695.300'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G07.775'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Fatal choking in infants and children treated in a pediatric intensive care unit: A 7- year experience.

INTRODUCTION: Foreign bodies aspiration can lead to significant morbidity, few have examined in detail the deaths resulting from foreign bodies aspiration.METHODS: We conducted a review of children who presented to the pediatric intensive care unit of a university hospital due to fatal foreign bodies aspiration during the period of 2010-2017.RESULT: Of the 28 patients, 17 (61%) patients were male and 11 (39%) were female. The range of age was 1-63 months, with mean of 15.2 months. The common foreign bodies included milk, nuts and fruits. Majority of them had round shapes. All the patients died due to asphyxia or serious complications after foreign bodies aspiration.CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and early recognition remains a critical factor to reduce the mortality of foreign bodies aspiration.

['Airway Obstruction', 'Asphyxia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Food', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intensive Care Units, Pediatric', 'Male', 'Respiratory Aspiration']

[['C08.618.846.185'], ['C23.550.260.095', 'C26.103'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.278.388.493.390'], ['C08.618.749', 'C23.550.773']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Apparent Young's modulus of vertebral cortico-cancellous bone specimens.

Up to now, due to cortical thickness and imaging resolution, it is not possible to derive subject-specific mechanical properties on the 'vertebral shell' from imaging modalities applicable in vivo. As a first step, the goal of this study was to assess the apparent Young's modulus of vertebral cortico-cancellous bone specimens using an inverse method. A total of 22 cortico-cancellous specimens were harvested from 22 vertebral bodies. All specimens were tested in compression until failure. To compute the apparent Young's modulus of the specimen from the inverse method, the boundary conditions of the biomechanical experiments were faithfully reproduced in a finite element model (FEM), and an optimisation routine was used. The results showed a mean of the apparent Young's modulus of 374 ± 208 MPa, ranging from 87 to 791 MPa. By computing an apparent Young's modulus of a cortico-cancellous medium, this study gives mechanical data for an FEM of an entire vertebra including an external shell combining both bone tissues.

['Aged', 'Compressive Strength', 'Computer Simulation', 'Connective Tissue', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Female', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Biological', 'Tensile Strength', 'Thoracic Vertebrae']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G01.374.180'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A10.165'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.374.850'], ['A02.835.232.834.892']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Central retinal artery occlusion in a 13-year-old child as a presenting sign of hyperhomocysteinemia together with high lipoprotein(a) level.

BACKGROUND: We describe a child with central retinal artery occlusion and hyperhomocysteinemia.METHODS: A 13-year-old girl developed sudden vision loss and was hospitalized for diagnosis and treatment.RESULTS: Her physical examination was normal except for her ophthalmologic examination. Her serum homocysteine level and lipoprotein(a) were elevated to 45.27 ìmol/L and 61 mg/dL 0-29 mg/dL, respectively. A homozygous mutation was identified for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase at position C677T.CONCLUSION: This report documents central retinal artery occlusion associated with the risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia caused by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677 T mutation and high lipoprotein(a) level in a child. Retinal artery occlusion is rare in children. This patient emphasizes the need for a systemic evaluation for hyperhomocysteinemia and lipoprotein(a) levels in children with retinal vascular occlusion of uncertain etiology.

['Adolescent', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Humans', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Mutation', 'Papilledema', 'Retinal Artery Occlusion', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.100.480', 'C18.452.603.378', 'C18.452.648.100.480', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.418'], ['D10.532.350', 'D12.776.521.400'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C10.292.700.900', 'C11.640.710'], ['C11.768.400', 'C14.907.137.780'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Internal fixation with occipital hooks construct for occipito-cervical arthrodesis. Results in 14 young or small children.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of effectiveness of internal rigid fixation for occipito-cervical fusion with occipital hooks and cervical screws and/or hooks to improve fusion in young or small children with various bone dysplasia or congenital abnormality.METHODS: Fourteen children with mean age of 8.4 years and height and weight below 140 cm and 35 kg, respectively, who underwent occipito-cervical fusion for miscellaneous pathologies reading to stenosis and/or instability were reviewed. The posterior instrumentation consisted of a precontoured titanium plate rod with an occipital fixation by hooks and a vertebral fixation by screws and/or hooks. Eight patients had cervical fixation with C2 pedicle screws. The mean follow-up was 48 months (27-81 months).RESULTS: Thirteen patients (92.8 %) had a complete fusion and no failure of the fixation was observed. We had two deep wound infections not related to implants.CONCLUSION: Instrumentation was technically feasible even in a very young child. Rigid internal fixation in the little children did not increase surgical complications and significantly increased the union rate of occipito-cervical arthrodesis.

['Adolescent', 'Atlanto-Occipital Joint', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osseointegration', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Fusion']

[['M01.060.057'], ['A02.835.583.101'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.555.100.700']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in the monoclonal gammopathies].

Plasma cell neoplasia occurs as a result of the expansion of an immunoglobulin-secreting B-cells clones, known as monoclonal component or M component. Malignant neoplasias include multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, while premalignant conditions comprise monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance (MGUS). MGUS present a monoclonal component with no signs of multiple myeloma, Waldenstr?m macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis or other disorders. Pathological, radiological and clinical features are required for the diagnosis. Approximately 25% of patients with MGUS will become multiple myeloma, primary amiloidosis, macroglobulinemia, or other lymphoproliferative disease, which would be a premyelomatous condition. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical implications of immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and of the detection of clonality by molecular biology. A total of 32 patients were studied. Seven of them were diagnosed with multiple myeloma, and 25 with monoclonal gammopathy under study. These 32 patients were divided into four groups, based on their clinical data and flow cytometry outcome. In patients with non-diagnostic flow cytometry detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements by PCR was performed, and monoclonality was found in 59% of the cases. The study of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements by molecular biology allows a more sensitive detection of clonality.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Marrow', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Paraproteinemias', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.344.401.501', 'G12.500.274.501'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['C15.378.147.780', 'C20.683.780'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Expedient route to the tigliane-daphnane skeleton via oxonium ylide [1,2]-shift.

A short, stereoselective approach to the fused tricyclic carbon skeleton found in the tigliane and daphnane classes of diterpene natural products is described. Convergent coupling of the A- and C-rings, followed by diastereoselective cerium enolate addition and formation of a double acetal set the stage for generation of an oxonium ylide via a transient metallocarbene. An efficient Stevens [1,2]-shift furnished the 7-membered B-ring, possessing the bridgehead oxygenation pattern found in the natural systems.

['Biological Products', 'Diterpenes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism']

[['D20.215'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Prevalence of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) in glaucoma patients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and one patients, 18 years of age or older, with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were consecutively recruited for the study. Patients with a history of use of cyclosporine, steroids, topical ocular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or punctal plugs within the last 3 months were excluded. Each patient completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire and underwent evaluation by Schirmer test, corneal and conjunctival lissamine green staining, and tear break-up time.RESULTS: Using Ocular Surface Disease Index for measuring symptoms of dry eye, 60 (59%) patients reported symptoms in at least 1 eye. Severe symptoms were reported by 27 (27%) patients. Schirmer testing showed 62 (61%) patients with decrease in tear production in at least 1 eye. Severe tear deficiency was presented in 35 (35%) patients. Corneal and conjunctival lissamine green staining showed positive results in 22 (22%) patients. None had severe staining. Tear break-up time showed abnormal tear quality in 79 (78%) patients and severe decrease in tear quality was found in at least 1 eye in 66 (65%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the number of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-containing eyedrops and results on the clinical tests of OSD. After adjustment for age and sex, each additional BAK-containing eyedrop was associated with an approximately 2 times higher odds of showing abnormal results on the lissamine green staining test (odds ratio=2.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 3.89; P=0.034).CONCLUSION: A large proportion of patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension had signs and/or symptoms of OSD in at least 1 eye. The coexistence of OSD and the use of BAK-containing medications may impact vision-related quality of life in this patient population.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Benzalkonium Compounds', 'Coloring Agents', 'Conjunctiva', 'Cornea', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dry Eye Syndromes', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Lissamine Green Dyes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ocular Hypertension', 'Preservatives, Pharmaceutical', 'Prevalence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D02.092.877.096.040', 'D02.675.276.080'], ['D27.720.233'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C11.496.260'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['D02.092.877.475', 'D02.675.276.475', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.525'], ['D26.650.702', 'D27.720.744.771'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms.

Despite great general benefits derived from plastic use, accumulation of plastic material in ecosystems, and especially microplastic, is becoming an increasing environmental concern. Microplastic has been extensively studied in aquatic environments, with very few studies focusing on soils. We here tested the idea that microplastic particles (polyethylene beads) could be transported from the soil surface down the soil profile via earthworms. We used Lumbricus terrestris L., an anecic earthworm species, in a factorial greenhouse experiment with four different microplastic sizes. Presence of earthworms greatly increased the presence of microplastic particles at depth (we examined 3 soil layers, each 3.5 cm deep), with smaller PE microbeads having been transported downward to a greater extent. Our study clearly shows that earthworms can be significant transport agents of microplastics in soils, incorporating this material into soil, likely via casts, burrows (affecting soil hydraulics), egestion and adherence to the earthworm exterior. This movement has potential consequences for exposure of other soil biota to microplastics, for the residence times of microplastic at greater depth, and for the possible eventual arrival of microplastics in the groundwater.

['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Oligochaeta', 'Particle Size', 'Polyethylene', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants']

[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.500', 'D05.750.716.507.500', 'D25.720.716.507.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.500'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']

Biochemical characterization of human osteoclast integrins. Osteoclasts express alpha v beta 3, alpha 2 beta 1, and alpha v beta 1 integrins.

The study of osteoclast integrins has been previously hampered by the lack of a source of large numbers of purified osteoclasts. Osteoclastoma, a human giant cell tumor of bone, supplied a rich source of osteoclasts within a tissue containing many diverse cell types. Osteoclastoma integrin immunostaining confirmed the presence of the integrin alpha v beta 3 complex and the alpha 2 and beta 1 integrin subunits on osteoclasts. However, weak integrin expression, for example with alpha v beta 5, was difficult to interpret. Purification with magnetic beads coated with vitronectin receptor monoclonal antibody (13C2) enabled osteoclast membranes to be isolated with high purity and yield (57%) from osteoclastoma tissue. Positively (osteoclast-enriched) selected membranes were biochemically assessed for integrin expression by immunoprecipitation and visualization by non-radioactive enhanced chemiluminescence. alpha 1, alpha 4, alpha 6, alpha 8, alpha M, alpha X, gpIIb, beta 4, beta 6, and beta 8 integrin chains were undetectable at a sensitivity of 1 ng. alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha L, beta 2, and alpha v beta 5 were found in the negatively selected osteoclastoma tissue but not in the positively purified osteoclast membranes. The presence of alpha v beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1 dimers was demonstrated biochemically on the immunoisolated osteoclast membranes. Osteoclast alpha v beta 3 isolation by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) affinity chromatography for NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed that the osteoclast vitronectin receptor was identical to that previously characterized on other cell types. In situ hybridization using human alpha v riboprobes in osteoclasts from human and rodent bone further demonstrated the high level and specificity of expression of alpha v vitronectin receptor in osteoclasts.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Giant Cell Tumors', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Integrins', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Osteoclasts', 'Precipitin Tests']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['C04.557.450.565.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Characterisation of the alpha 1-protease inhibitor system in Thoroughbred horse plasma by horizontal two-dimensional (ISO-DALT) electrophoresis. 2. Protease inhibition.

The protease inhibitory spectra of the eight homozygous Thoroughbred Pi types against trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin have been determined. The alpha 1-protease inhibitor proteins exhibit three classes of inhibitory specificity towards these enzymes. The Pi types F, I, N and U exhibit class I (trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin) and class II (trypsin and elastase) types of inhibition and fit Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification of two separate genetic systems Pi 1 and Pi 2 based on differences in the inhibitory spectra against trypsin and chymotrypsin. The remaining four Pi types are exceptions to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification. Types G, L, S1 and S2 possess class I but not class II proteins. A third class of proteins (class III) which exclusively inhibit chymotrypsin was detected in all eight protease inhibitor types. Type G is well represented by class III proteins because two of the three major proteins of the ISO-DALT pattern inhibit only chymotrypsin and is thus an exception to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification.

['Animals', 'Blood Proteins', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Trypsin Inhibitors', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.900'], ['D12.644.861.035', 'D12.776.124.050.070', 'D12.776.124.790.106.085', 'D12.776.377.715.085.085', 'D12.776.395.068', 'D12.776.872.035']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Citalopram in premenstrual dysphoria: is intermittent treatment during luteal phases more effective than continuous medication throughout the menstrual cycle?

In a double-blind trial, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram was administered to women with severe irritability and/or depressed mood in the luteal but not in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (premenstrual dysphoria). Treatment continued for three consecutive menstrual cycles. One group (N = 17 completers) was administered citalopram continuously at a constant dosage (20+/-10 mg/day) throughout the menstrual cycle. A second group (N = 17) also received citalopram continuously throughout the cycle, but at a lower dosage in the follicular phases (5 mg/day) than in the luteal phases (20+/-10 mg/day) (semi-intermittent treatment). A third group (N = 18) received citalopram (20+/-10 mg/day) in the luteal phase only and placebo during the follicular phase (intermittent treatment). A fourth group (N = 17) received placebo throughout the cycles. The side effects of active treatment were generally mild and transient. Intermittent administration of citalopram was clearly more effective than placebo with respect to both reduction in self-rated irritability and self-rated global improvement; it is of interest that intermittent treatment with citalopram also seemed more effective than continuous or semi-intermittent administration of the drug.

['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Citalopram', 'Depression', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Irritable Mood', 'Luteal Phase', 'Premenstrual Syndrome', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.050'], ['D02.092.831.170', 'D02.626.320', 'D03.633.100.127.187'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.470.047.110'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['C23.550.568.968'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Surface-enhanced Raman spectra analysis of trace degradation products from goat horn].

Nano-silver colloid was synthesized by using microwave method on the mixtures of sodium citrate solution and silver nitrate solution. The method has advantages of fast heating speed, uniform temperature distribution and easily controlled reaction conditions. The sizes and size distributions of the silver particles were characterized by means of quasi-elastic laser scattering (QLS). The average particles size was (53.27 +/- 2.65) nm and the size of the particles was mainly distributed around 56 nm. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the degradation products from goat horn were obtained with silver colloid as active substrate. It was observed that the Raman signal of SERS was enhanced significantly compared with that of regular Raman spectrum, especially at the Raman bands of 659, 830, 850, 929, 999, 1 028, 1 280, 1 439 and 1 599 cm(-1) which reflect the biochemical components in degradation products. The characteristic Raman bands of degradation products from goat horn were preliminary assigned. The assignments showed that the main constituents of the degradation products from goat horn were amino acids and polypeptides. It was for the first time that Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was used to detect trace degradation products from the horns. Raman signal enhancement can be obtained with high sensitivity for the trace concentrations as low as ppm level. It is concluded that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can provide a fast, direct and precise detecting method for the detection of trace degradation solution from horns.

['Animals', 'Colloids', 'Goats', 'Horns', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Microwaves', 'Particle Size', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']

[['B01.050'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['A13.507'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['G02.712'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Structural insight into translesion synthesis by DNA Pol II.

E. coli DNA Pol II and eukaryotic Rev3 are B-family polymerases that can extend primers past a damaged or mismatched site when the high-fidelity replicative polymerases in the same family are ineffective. We report here the biochemical and structural properties of DNA Pol II that facilitate this translesion synthesis. DNA Pol II can extend primers past lesions either directly or by template skipping, in which small protein cavities outside of the active site accommodate looped-out template nucleotides 1 or 2 bp upstream. Because of multiple looping-out alternatives, mutation spectra of bypass synthesis are complicated. Moreover, translesion synthesis is enhanced by altered partitioning of DNA substrate between the polymerase active site and the proofreading exonuclease site. Compared to the replicative B family polymerases, DNA Pol II has subtle amino acid changes remote from the active site that allow it to replicate normal DNA with high efficiency yet conduct translesion synthesis when needed.

['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']

[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.230'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Chimeric drift in allophenic mice: analysis of changes in red blood cell and white blood cell populations in C57Bl/6 in equilibrium (A X SJL)F1, C57Bl/6 in equilibrium (CBA X CBA/H-T6)F1, and C57Bl/6 in equilibrium DBA/1 mice.

Forty-seven allophenic mice of three different types (C57BL/6 in equilibrium (A X SJL), C57BL/6 in equilibrium (CBA X CBA/H-T6), and C57BL/6 in equilibrium DBA/1) were analyzed for changes in their peripheral white blood cell composition and hemoglobin composition with age. It was found that 10 of the 47 mice showed significant changes termed "chimeric drift" in one or the other or both of these parameters. These 10 mice were classified as unstable chimeras, as opposed to the 37 stable chimeras, which showed no apparent chimeric drift. There was an excellent correlation of peripheral white blood cell and hemoglobin compositions of the stable chimeras. However, the unstable chimeras showed little or no correlation of these two markers. Possible mechanisms of chimeric drift are discussed.

['Aging', 'Animals', 'Chimera', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'H-2 Antigens', 'Hemoglobins', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Inbred Strains']

[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B05.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D23.050.301.500.100.350', 'D23.050.301.500.400.199', 'D23.050.705.552.100.350', 'D23.050.705.552.410.199'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) regulates B cell receptor levels in a c-Cbl-dependent manner.

Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) and c-Cbl recently have been shown to cooperate in regulating T cell receptor (TCR) levels in developing T cells. SLAP also is expressed in developing B cells, and its deficiency leads to alterations in B cell receptor (BCR) levels and B cell development. Hence, we hypothesized that SLAP and c-Cbl may cooperate during B cell development to regulate BCR levels. In mice deficient in both SLAP and c-Cbl, we found that B cell development is altered, suggesting that they function through intersecting pathways. To study the mechanism by which SLAP and c-Cbl alter BCR levels, we coexpressed them in a mature mouse B cell line (Bal-17). First we determined that SLAP associates with proximal components of the BCR complex after stimulation and internalization. Coexpression of SLAP and c-Cbl in Bal-17 led to decreased surface and total BCR levels. This decrease in BCR levels depended on intact Src homology 2 (SH2) and C-terminal domains of SLAP. In addition, a mutation in the SH2 domain of SLAP blocked its colocalization with c-Cbl and the BCR complex, whereas deletion of the C terminus did not affect its localization. Last, coexpression of SLAP and c-Cbl altered BCR complex recycling. This alteration in BCR complex recycling depended on enzymatically active c-Cbl and Src family kinases, as well as the intact SH2 and C-terminal domains of SLAP. These data suggest that SLAP has a conserved function in B and T cells by adapting c-Cbl to the antigen-receptor complex and targeting it for degradation.

['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.374', 'D12.776.624.664.700.172'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800.630', 'D12.776.624.664.700.202'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Spread spectrum image watermarking based on perceptual quality metric.

Efficient image watermarking calls for full exploitation of the perceptual distortion constraint. Second-order statistics of visual stimuli are regarded as critical features for perception. This paper proposes a second-order statistics (SOS)-based image quality metric, which considers the texture masking effect and the contrast sensitivity in Karhunen-Lo?ve transform domain. Compared with the state-of-the-art metrics, the quality prediction by SOS better correlates with several subjectively rated image databases, in which the images are impaired by the typical coding and watermarking artifacts. With the explicit metric definition, spread spectrum watermarking is posed as an optimization problem: we search for a watermark to minimize the distortion of the watermarked image and to maximize the correlation between the watermark pattern and the spread spectrum carrier. The simple metric guarantees the optimal watermark a closed-form solution and a fast implementation. The experiments show that the proposed watermarking scheme can take full advantage of the distortion constraint and improve the robustness in return.

['Algorithms', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Data Compression', 'Databases, Factual', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Product Labeling', 'Visual Perception', 'Wavelet Analysis']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['L01.224.308.189', 'L01.224.800.500', 'L01.470.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.399.750'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['J01.576.761.700'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['E05.959', 'G17.915', 'L01.224.800.750']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Adenomatous polyposis coli regulates Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation.

Adult stem cells define a cellular reserve with the unique capacity to replenish differentiated cells of a tissue throughout an organism's lifetime. Previous analysis has demonstrated that the adult Drosophila midgut is maintained by a population of multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that resides in epithelial niches. Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc), a tumor suppressor gene conserved in both invertebrates and vertebrates, is known to play a role in multiple developmental processes in Drosophila. Here, we examine the consequences of eliminating Apc function on adult midgut homeostasis. Our analysis shows that loss of Apc results in the disruption of midgut homeostasis and is associated with hyperplasia and multilayering of the midgut epithelium. A mosaic analysis of marked ISC cell lineages demonstrates that Apc is required specifically in ISCs to regulate proliferation, but is not required for ISC self-renewal or the specification of cell fate within the lineage. Cell autonomous activation of Wnt signaling in the ISC lineage phenocopied Apc loss and Apc mutants were suppressed in an allele-specific manner by abrogating Wnt signaling, suggesting that the effects of Apc are mediated in part by the Wnt pathway. Together, these data underscore the essential requirement of Apc in exerting regulatory control over stem cell activity, as well as the consequences that disrupting this regulation can have on tissue homeostasis.

['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells', 'Wnt Proteins']

[['D05.500.117.249', 'D12.776.220.040', 'D12.776.476.081.249', 'D12.776.624.776.010'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Involvement of reactive oxygen species in a feed-forward mechanism of Na/K-ATPase-mediated signaling transduction.

Cardiotonic steroids (such as ouabain) signaling through Na/K-ATPase regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. We report here that reactive oxygen species are required to initiate ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling, protein carbonylation, redistribution of Na/K-ATPase and sodium/proton exchanger isoform 3, and inhibition of active transepithelial (22)Na(+) transport. Disruption of the Na/K-ATPase·c-Src signaling complex attenuated ouabain-stimulated protein carbonylation. Ouabain-stimulated protein carbonylation is reversed after removal of ouabain, and this reversibility is largely independent of de novo protein synthesis and degradation by either the lysosome or the proteasome pathways. Furthermore, ouabain stimulated direct carbonylation of two amino acid residues in the actuator domain of the Na/K-ATPase á1 subunit. Taken together, the data indicate that carbonylation modification of the Na/K-ATPase á1 subunit is involved in a feed-forward mechanism of regulation of ouabain-mediated renal proximal tubule Na/K-ATPase signal transduction and subsequent sodium transport.

['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase', 'Cell Line', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Ouabain', 'Protein Carbonylation', 'Proteolysis', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Swine', 'src-Family Kinases']

[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800.158'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.750.600', 'D09.408.180.810.600'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.350', 'G02.111.691.600.350', 'G03.673.690', 'G03.734.871.790.600.350', 'G05.308.670.600.350', 'G07.775.750.750'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Cardiorespiratory responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during bicycle riding and running in water.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare exercise during dry-land bicycle ergometry and running in water with a flotation device in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.SUBJECTS: Eight individuals with adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis, between the ages of 30 and 40 years (X = 35.88, SD = 2.85), participated.METHODS: Each subject did a graded maximal exercise test on a stationary bicycle and in the water wearing a flotation device, while oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), pain, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), minute ventilation (VE), respiration rate, tidal volume (VT), and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were monitored.RESULTS: Higher maximum RPE and R were seen during water running, whereas higher VE and VT were seen during bicycle riding. Heart rate, R, and plateauing VO2 data indicated that a true physiological peak VO2 was reached during the bicycle test. Peak VO2 and HR were similar for either water or bicycle exercise. These findings show that with both forms of exercise, subjects were able to reach training levels as set by the American College of Sports Medicine.CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The water exercise, therefore, provides a means of exercising for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. It allows them to reach the needed training levels in a comfortable aquatic environment.

['Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Immersion', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Running']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.466'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Galactosyl transferase assay. Application to experimental atherosclerosis.

To establish a repetitive measurement, aortic galactosyl transferase activity has been studied with a specific exogenous acceptor, collagen. Reactions were realized with an acellular biosynthesis mixture containing, collagen (3-4 mg/ml) an aliquot of enzymatic extract preparation (105000 g supernatant (2-3 mg/ml of proteins), UDP (14C) galactose (300 pM/ml). Galactose incorporation into collagen required Mn++ (2.5. 10-3M), incubation temperature of 37 degrees C and pH =7,75. Under such conditions a reproducible assay of aortic collagen galactosyl transferase was possible. After submitting rabbits to a chronic lathyric intoxication and/or to an hypercholesterolimic diet, galactosyl transferase activity was measured in rabbit aortic wall. Enzymatic activity was increased for rabbits under treatment, and the increase was directly proportional to the length of treatment (BAPN associated with cholesterolemic diet).

['Aminopropionitrile', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Collagen', 'Diet, Atherogenic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Galactosyltransferases', 'Lathyrism', 'Manganese', 'Rabbits', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Uridine Diphosphate Galactose']

[['D02.626.151'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G07.203.650.240.242'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.400'], ['C25.723.756.558'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.600.677.300', 'D09.408.620.569.727.300', 'D13.695.740.850.600.677.300', 'D13.695.827.708.727.300', 'D13.695.827.919.600.677.300']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the remaining kidney 14 years after nephrectomy: report of two cases.

In two patients with renal cell carcinoma, late metastases to the remaining kidney were found. The metastases were histologically identical to the primary tumor, and more than one nodule recurred in both cases. Advanced surgical techniques allowing removal of metastases from the sole kidney make diagnosis of these lesions clinically important.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Nephrectomy', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[]

[]

Suicides on Ontario farms.

PURPOSE: To describe the epidemiology of suicides on Ontario farms from 1980-1989, and the ecological relationship between economic strain and farm suicide risk.METHOD: Farm suicides were identified using a computer-assisted search of vital records. Distributions of farm suicides were examined by several demographic variables. Linear and Poisson regression were used to describe potential associations between ten economic indicators and the incidence of farm suicide.RESULTS: 126 farm suicides were identified. After adjustment for age and under-reporting, the farm suicide rate was estimated at 7.2 per 100,000 per year. The highest suicide rate was observed among elderly farm owner-operators. Regression analyses failed to find any associations between the economic indicators and farm suicide rates.CONCLUSION: The results do not support the notion that farmers in Ontario generally have a high rate of suicide, the ecological analysis provided no evidence for increased farm suicide risk with increasing economic strain.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Agriculture', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Databases, Factual', 'Death Certificates', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ontario', 'Ownership', 'Population Surveillance', 'Poverty', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Suicide']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['J01.040'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.308.940.350', 'L01.399.250.900.350', 'N04.452.859.264', 'N05.715.360.300.715.315', 'N06.850.520.308.940.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['I01.880.604.583.594', 'N04.452.633'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Global health-related publications in otolaryngology are increasing.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Determine trends in global health-related publication in otolaryngology.STUDY DESIGN: A review of research databases.METHODS: A search of publications available on PubMed and nine additional databases was undertaken reviewing two time periods 10 years apart for the timeframes 1998 to 2002 (early time period) and 2008 to 2012 (recent time period) using specific search terms to identify global health-related publications in otolaryngology. Publications were examined for region of origin, subspecialty, type of publication, and evidence of international collaboration. ÷ and t test analyses were used to identify trends.RESULTS: In the 1998 to 2002 time period, a total of 26 publications met inclusion criteria for the study, with a mean of 5.2 ± 2.8 publications per year. In the 2008 to 2012 time period, a total of 61 publications met inclusion criteria, with a mean of 12.3 ± 5.6 publications per year. The 235% increase in global health-related publications identified between the two study periods was statistically significant (P = .02). The absolute number of publications in which collaboration occurred between countries increased from three in the early time period to nine the recent time period.CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant increase in the volume of global health-related publications in English language otolaryngology journals over the past decade, providing strong evidence of the increasing trend of global health as an academic pursuit within the field of otolaryngology.

['Databases, Factual', 'Forecasting', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Otolaryngology', 'Serial Publications']

[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['I01.320'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['L01.178.682.829']]

['Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[The functional status of the brain in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm].

We performed electroencephalography to 11 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm in order to investigate the functional status of the brain. The relative potency (RP) of the main rhythms (alpha, beta, teta and delta) was increased, as well as the beta/alpha activation ratio. The increase of low-frequency rhythms (delta and teta) indicates the brain cortex hypoxia. The high-frequency reactivity of the brain (alpha- and beta-rhythms) was decreased in such patients, which was probably due to the decreased sensitivity of the receptor zone of the upper respiratory tract.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Brain', 'Delta Rhythm', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Hyperventilation', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory System']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.875', 'E01.370.405.245.287.875', 'G07.265.087.875', 'G11.561.127.875'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.618.501', 'C23.888.852.591'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Excretory function of the liver with an allyl alcohol lesion and the antioxidant correction of the disorders].

In experiments on 33 albino male rats it was established that during allyl alcohol-induced damage of the liver its excretory function is impaired that was judged by the biliary excretion of intravenously injected Bengal pink-131I. Antioxidants (tocopherol acetate, sodium selenite, unithiol) reduced the toxic effect of allyl alcohol on the liver.

['1-Propanol', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Propanols', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Rats', 'Rose Bengal', 'Time Factors']

[['D02.033.755.600'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.033.755'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.700', 'D03.633.300.953.275.700', 'D04.711.347.700'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Dendritic calcium accumulation regulates wind sensitivity via short-term depression at cercal sensory-to-giant interneuron synapses in the cricket.

An in vivo Ca2+ imaging technique was applied to examine the cellular mechanisms for attenuation of wind sensitivity in the identified primary sensory interneurons in the cricket cercal system. Simultaneous measurement of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potential of a wind-sensitive giant interneuron (GI) revealed that successive air puffs caused the Ca2+ accumulation in dendrites and diminished the wind-evoked bursting response in the GI. After tetanic stimulation of the presynaptic cercal sensory nerves induced a larger Ca2+ accumulation in the GI, the wind-evoked bursting response was reversibly decreased in its spike number. When hyperpolarizing current injection suppressed the [Ca2+]i elevation during tetanic stimulation, the wind-evoked EPSPs were not changed. Moreover, after suprathreshold tetanic stimulation to one side of the cercal nerve resulted in Ca2+ accumulation in the GI's dendrites, the slope of EPSP evoked by presynaptic stimulation of the other side of the cercal nerve was also attenuated for a few minutes after the [Ca2+]i had returned to the prestimulation level. This short-term depression at synapses between the cercal sensory neurons and the GI (cercal-to-giant synapses) was also induced by a depolarizing current injection, which increased the [Ca2+]i, and buffering of the Ca2+ rise with a high concentration of a Ca2+ chelator blocked the induction of short-term depression. These results indicate that the postsynaptic Ca2+ accumulation causes short-term synaptic depression at the cercal-to-giant synapses. The dendritic excitability of the GI may contribute to postsynaptic regulation of the wind-sensitivity via Ca2+-dependent depression.

['Action Potentials', 'Air Pressure', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Chelating Agents', 'Dendrites', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Ganglia, Invertebrate', 'Gryllidae', 'Interneurons', 'Male', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Synapses']

[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G16.500.750.274.100', 'N06.230.300.100.185.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['A08.340.352', 'A13.408'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.410'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Quantitative analysis of pulsatile flow contribution to ultrafiltration.

We evaluated the quantitative contribution of pulsatile flow to ultrafiltration (UF) in terms of fluid power, membrane stretch, and reduction of membrane layering. An in vitro comparison of the UF rate using pulsatile and roller pumps was performed with distilled water and bovine whole blood. The mean transmembrane pressure (TMPm) and UF rate were higher with the pulsatile pump for the same mean flow rate: 6.6 mm Hg and 21.1 mL/min higher on average for distilled water and 34.2 mm Hg and 31.4 mL/min higher on average for blood. The average UF rate was 8.4 mL/min higher with the pulsatile pump for the same TMPm with bovine blood. However, the relationship between the UF rate and the TMPm was independent of the flow configuration for distilled water. We showed that the higher UF rate in the pulsatile pump is mainly due to greater fluid power and reduction of membrane layering, while the membrane stretch was not an important factor.

['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Hemofiltration', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Pulsatile Flow']

[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E02.870.225', 'E04.292.471'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Increased fat mass and high incidence of overweight despite low body mass index in patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Body composition is sparsely described in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Body (BMI, mass/height in m(2)), fat-free (FFMI, lean mass/height in m(2)) and fat (FMI, fat mass/height in m(2)) mass indexes were estimated in 25 children (aged 5-18) with SMA (2 type I, 13 type II, 10 type III) using dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry and anthropometric data referenced to gender and age-matched healthy children (NHANES III, New York Pediatric Rosetta Body Project). BMI was 50th percentile in 11 (44%) and 85th in 5 (20%). FFMI was reduced (p<0.005) and FMI was increased (p<0.005) in the overall study cohort. FMI was 50th, 85th and 95th percentiles in 19 (76%), 10 (40%) and 5 (20%) subjects, respectively. Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, BMI above 75th, 50th and 3rd percentiles maximized sensitivity and specificity for FMI 95th, 85th and 50th percentiles, respectively. Children with SMA have reduced lean and increased fat mass compared to healthy children. Obesity is a potentially important modifiable source of morbidity in SMA.

['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Muscular Atrophy, Spinal', 'Overweight', 'ROC Curve']

[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C10.228.854.468', 'C10.574.562.500', 'C10.668.467.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Lower limb joint work and joint work contribution during downhill and uphill walking at different inclinations.

Work performance and individual joint contribution to total work are important information for creating training protocols, but were not assessed so far for sloped walking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze lower limb joint work and joint contribution of the hip, knee and ankle to total lower limb work during sloped walking in a healthy population. Eighteen male participants (27.0±4.7yrs, 1.80±0.05m, 74.5±8.2kg) walked on an instrumented ramp at inclination angles of 0°, ±6°, ±12° and ±18° at 1.1m/s. Kinematic and kinetic data were captured using a motion-capture system (Vicon) and two force plates (AMTI). Joint power curves, joint work (positive, negative, absolute) and each joint's contribution to total lower limb work were analyzed throughout the stance phase using an ANOVA with repeated measures. With increasing inclination positive joint work increased for the ankle and hip joint and in total during uphill walking. Negative joint work increased for each joint and in total work during downhill walking. Absolute work was increased during both uphill (all joints) and downhill (ankle & knee) walking. Knee joint contribution to total negative and absolute work increased during downhill walking while hip and ankle contributions decreased. This study identified, that, when switching from level to a 6° and from 6° to a 12° inclination the gain of individual joint work is more pronounced compared to switching from 12° to an 18° inclination. The results might be used for training recommendations and specific training intervention with respect to sloped walking.

['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Joints', 'Kinetics', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Walking']

[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A01.378.610'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Crystal structure of a human mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotidase.

5' nucleotidases are ubiquitous enzymes that dephosphorylate nucleoside monophosphates and participate in the regulation of nucleotide pools. The mitochondrial 5'-(3') deoxyribonucleotidase (dNT-2) specifically dephosphorylates dUMP and dTMP, thereby protecting mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. We have solved the structure of dNT-2, the first of a mammalian 5' nucleotidase. The structure reveals a relationship to the HAD family, members of which use an aspartyl nucleophile as their common catalytic strategy, with a phosphoserine phosphatase as the most similar neighbor. A structure-based sequence alignment of dNT-2 with other 5' nucleotidases also suggests a common origin for these enzymes. Here we study the structures of dNT-2 in complex with bound phosphate and beryllium trifluoride plus thymidine as model for a phosphoenzyme-product complex. Based on these structures, determinants for substrate specificity recognition and the catalytic action of dNT-2 are outlined.

["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Beryllium', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Thymidine']

[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D01.268.552.075', 'D01.268.557.080', 'D01.552.547.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Variants within the MMP3 gene and patellar tendon properties in vivo in an asymptomatic population.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Gene variants encoding for proteins involved in homeostatic processes within tendons may influence its material and mechanical properties in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between three polymorphisms of the MMP3 gene, (rs679620, rs591058 and rs650108) and patellar tendon dimensional and mechanical properties in vivo.METHODS: One hundred and sixty, healthy, recreationally-active, Caucasian men and women, aged 18-39 were recruited. MMP3 genotype determined using real-time PCR was used to select 84 participants showing greatest genetic differences to complete phenotype measurements. Patellar tendon dimensions (volume) and functional (elastic modulus) properties were assessed in vivo using geometric modelling, isokinetic dynamometry, electromyography and ultrasonography.RESULTS: No significant associations were evident between the completely linked MMP3 rs591058 and rs679620 gene variants, and closely linked rs650108 gene variant, and either patellar tendon volume (rs679620, P = 0.845; rs650108, P = 0.984) or elastic modulus (rs679620, P = 0.226; rs650108, P = 0.088). Similarly, there were no associations with the Z-score that combined those dimension and functional properties into a composite value (rs679620, P = 0.654; rs650108, P = 0.390). Similarly, no association was evident when comparing individuals with/without the rarer alleles (P > 0.01 in all cases).CONCLUSIONS: Patellar tendon properties do not seem to be influenced by the MMP3 gene variants measured. Although these MMP3 gene variants have previously been associated with the risk of tendon pathology, that association is unlikely to be mediated via underlying tendon dimensional and functional properties.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Organ Size', 'Patellar Ligament', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A02.513.514.475', 'A02.835.583.512.475', 'A02.880.438', 'A10.165.669.514.475'], ['G05.365.795'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Accuracy of diagnostic mammography at facilities serving vulnerable women.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer missed on diagnostic mammography may contribute to delayed diagnoses, whereas false-positive results may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. Whether accuracy of diagnostic mammography at facilities serving vulnerable women differs from other facilities is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To compare the interpretive performance of diagnostic mammography at facilities serving vulnerable women to those serving nonvulnerable women.DESIGN: We examined 168,251 diagnostic mammograms performed at Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium facilities from 1999 to 2005. We used hierarchical logistic regression to compare sensitivity, false positive rates, and cancer detection rates.SUBJECTS: Women aged between 40 and 80 years underwent diagnostic mammography to evaluate an abnormal screening mammogram or breast problem.MEASURES: Facilities were assigned vulnerability indices according to the populations served based on the proportion of mammograms performed on women with lower educational attainment, racial/ethnic minority status, limited household income, or rural residences.RESULTS: Sensitivity of diagnostic mammography did not vary significantly across vulnerability indices adjusted for patient-level characteristics, but false-positive rates for diagnostic mammography examinations to evaluate a breast problem were higher at facilities serving vulnerable women defined as those with lower educational attainment (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.79); racial/ethnic minorities (OR, 1.32; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.76); limited income (OR, 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.66); and rural residence (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.88).CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic mammography to evaluate a breast problem at facilities serving vulnerable women had higher false positive rates than at facilities serving nonvulnerable women. This may reflect concerns that vulnerable populations may be less likely to follow-up after abnormal diagnostic mammography or concerns that such populations have higher cancer prevalence.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Vulnerable Populations']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.965']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Development and characterization of CHO repair-proficient cell lines for comparative mutagenicity and metabolism of heterocyclic amines from cooked food.

In order to understand the role of repair and metabolism in the mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines from cooked foods, we previously developed the nucleotide excision repair-deficient CHO 5P3NAT2 cell line engineered to coexpress the mouse CYP1A2 and human N-acetyltransferase genes. In the present study, we have made a matched repair-competent cell line by mutagenizing 5P3NAT2 cells with ethyl methanesulfonate and selecting for resistance to cytotoxicity by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). In the differential cytotoxicity (DC) assay, 4 out of 15 clones showed no cytotoxic effect with IQ at the highest dose (30 microg/ml) tested, in contrast to repair-deficient 5P3NAT2 cells, which showed approximately 100% cytotoxicity at 0.3 microg/ml. Subsequently, these IQ-resistant clones were examined for resistance to killing by UV irradiation. All four IQ-resistant clones, which show resistance to UV similar to that of repair-proficient AA8 cells, still express both the CYP1A2 and N-acetyltransferase genes. Sequence analysis of CXPD cDNA from the 5P3NAT2R9 clone revealed an A:T-->G:C reversion event at the site of the UV5 mutation. This base change results in reversion of the codon 116 tyrosine in UV5 cells back to the original cysteine in AA8 cells, thereby restoring wild-type CXPD activity and repair function. In contrast to 5P3NAT2 cells, the repair-proficient 5P3NAT2R9 revertant cell line shows little IQ-induced cell killing, and dramatically lower levels of induced mutation at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt) gene locus over the range of 2-40 microg/ml IQ. This matched pair of repair-proficient/deficient cell lines can provide insight not only into the genotoxicity of heterocyclic amine dietary carcinogens such as IQ and PhIP, but also into the effects of nucleotide excision repair on the ultimate mutagenicity of these compounds.

['Amines', 'Animals', 'Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line', 'Cooking', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2', 'DNA Repair', 'Ethyl Methanesulfonate', 'Food', 'Heterocyclic Compounds', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Quinolines', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']

[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.138'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D08.244.453.005.443', 'D08.244.453.100.750', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.443', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.750', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.443', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.750'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.300', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.300'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['D03'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['E05.393.760.700']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Ketone Body Infusion With 3-Hydroxybutyrate Reduces Myocardial Glucose Uptake and Increases Blood Flow in Humans: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.

BACKGROUND: High levels of ketone bodies are associated with improved survival as observed with regular exercise, caloric restriction, and-most recently-treatment with sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs. In heart failure, indices of ketone body metabolism are upregulated, which may improve energy efficiency and increase blood flow in skeletal muscle and the kidneys. Nevertheless, it is uncertain how ketone bodies affect myocardial glucose uptake and blood flow in humans. Our study was therefore designed to test whether ketone body administration in humans reduces myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) and increases myocardial blood flow.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight healthy subjects, median aged 60 were randomly studied twice: (1) During 390 minutes infusion of Na-3-hydroxybutyrate (KETONE) or (2) during 390 minutes infusion of saline (SALINE), together with a concomitant low-dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to inhibit endogenous ketogenesis. Myocardial blood flow was measured by 15O-H2O positron emission tomography/computed tomography, myocardial fatty acid metabolism by 11C-palmitate positron emission tomography/computed tomography and MGU by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Similar euglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and suppressed free fatty acids levels were recorded on both study days; Na-3-hydroxybutyrate infusion increased circulating Na-3-hydroxybutyrate levels from zero to 3.8±0.5 mmol/L. MGU was halved by hyperketonemia (MGU [nmol/g per minute]: 304±97 [SALINE] versus 156±62 [KETONE], P<0.01), whereas no effects were observed on palmitate uptake oxidation or esterification. Hyperketonemia increased heart rate by ?25% and myocardial blood flow by 75%.CONCLUSIONS: Ketone bodies displace MGU and increase myocardial blood flow in healthy humans; these novel observations suggest that ketone bodies are important cardiac fuels and vasodilators, which may have therapeutic potentials.

['3-Hydroxybutyric Acid', 'Aged', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Clamp Technique', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Ketone Bodies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Oxygen Radioisotopes', 'Palmitates', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Water']

[['D02.241.081.114.937.349', 'D02.241.511.429.349', 'D02.522.585.087', 'D10.251.400.143.781.500'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.350', 'E05.196.500', 'E05.200.124.100.350'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522.585'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D01.268.185.550.500.600', 'D01.362.670.300.600', 'D01.496.625.600', 'D01.496.749.635'], ['D10.251.694.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Microwave-assisted extraction and determination of cyanuric acid residue in pet food samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Cyanuric acid (CYA) is attracting more attention due to its potential toxicity. In the present work, microwave-assisted extraction method in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was proposed for the determination of CYA in pet food samples. Among different solvents, diethylamine-acetonitrile-water mixture (1:5:4, v/v) was found to be the best one as the extractant due to the strong polarity of CYA in the pet food. An internal standard, (13) C(3) -labeled CYA, was used in the extractions. The separation was performed on a MERCK ZIC HILIC column (150 mm ? 2.1 mm id, 5 ìm) with gradient elution of 20 mM ammonium acetate solution-acetonitrile. CYA was well retained (Rt = 5.10 min) and eluted with good peak shape. The method could respond linearly with CYA at concentrations from 1.0 to 50 ng/mL with a quantification limit of 0.25 mg/kg. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 4.0% and the recovery of the assay was in the range of 90.4-108.1%. In the analysis of practical spiked pet food samples, the new method yielded satisfactory results. Due to its simplicity and accuracy the straightforward method is particularly suitable for routine CYA detection.

['Animal Feed', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Residues', 'Food Contamination', 'Microwaves', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Triazines']

[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['E05.196.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['N06.850.460.200.250'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D03.383.931']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

ASSESSING THE USEFULNESS OF THE QUASI-IDEAL OBSERVER FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN FLUOROSCOPY.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the reliability of the square of the signal-to-noise ratio rate, [Formula: see text], as a precise measurement for quality control test in a digital fluoroscopy system. The quasi-ideal model observer was used to measure [Formula: see text] The dose rate, pulse rate and field of view were varied, and their effect on dose efficiency, defined as [Formula: see text], was evaluated (where [Formula: see text] is the air kerma-area product rate). Measurements were repeated to assess reproducibility. The relative standard deviation in [Formula: see text] over seven consecutive measurements was 5 %. No significant variation in [Formula: see text] was observed across different pulse rates (10-30 pulses s(-1)). The low-dose-rate setting had a superior dose efficiency compared with the medium- and high-dose-rate settings. A smaller field of view resulted in higher dose efficiency.The results show that [Formula: see text] measurements offer the high precision required in quality control constancy tests.

['Algorithms', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Quality Control', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Sweden']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Three-component synthesis of alpha,beta-cyclopropyl-gamma-amino acids.

[reaction: see text] The multicomponent coupling of alkenylzirconocenes with N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines provides rapid access to functionalized C-cyclopropylalkylamides which have been readily transformed into alpha,beta-cyclopropyl-gamma-amino acids. These novel scaffolds are thus accessible in ca. 8 steps from commercially available alkynes.

['Alkynes', 'Amino Acids', 'Catalysis', 'Cyclopropanes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism']

[['D02.455.326.397'], ['D12.125'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.533'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Alcohol does not modulate the augmented acetylcholine-induced vasodilatory response in hemorrhaged rodents.

Our previous studies have shown that acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) decreases blood pressure, exacerbates hypotension after hemorrhagic shock, impairs the pressor response to fluid resuscitation, and blunts neuroendocrine activation. We hypothesized that impaired hemodynamic compensation during and after hemorrhagic shock in the acute alcohol-intoxicated host is the result of blunted neuroendocrine activation or, alternatively, of an impaired vascular responsiveness to vasoactive agents. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of AAI, AAI and hemorrhagic shock, and AAI and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on reactivity of isolated blood vessel rings to phenylephrine and acetylcholine. Chronically instrumented, conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) received a primed continuous 15-h intragastric alcohol infusion (2.5 g x kg(-1) + 300 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)), and time-matched controls received an isocaloric-isovolumic dextrose infusion. At completion of infusions, animals were randomized to sham, 60-min fixed-pressure hemorrhage, or hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. At the completion of the experimental protocols, animals were killed, and thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery ring segments (1-2 mm) were prepared and studied in myograph baths. Acute alcohol intoxication did not produce significant alterations in either pressor or dilator responses in aortic or mesenteric rings. These findings suggest that impaired hemodynamic counterregulation during hemorrhagic shock in AAI is not due to decreased vasopressor responsiveness. However, our results suggest a role for accentuated vasodilatory responses that may be central in progression to decompensatory shock.

['Acetylcholine', 'Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethanol', 'Hemorrhage', 'Male', 'Phenylephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Resuscitation', 'Shock', 'Vasodilation']

[['D02.092.211.111'], ['C25.775.100.175', 'F03.900.100.300'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D27.505.696.277', 'D27.505.954.427.210'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.375'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D02.033.100.291.617', 'D02.092.063.291.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.365.647'], ['C23.550.835'], ['G09.330.380.928']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Angiotensin II induces apoptosis in rat glomerular epithelial cells.

ANG II has been shown to modulate kidney cell growth and contribute to the pathobiology of glomerulosclerosis. Glomerular visceral epithelial cell (GEC) injury or loss is considered to play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of glomerulosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ANG II on GEC apoptosis. Rat GECs were incubated with increasing doses of ANG II for variable time periods. Apoptosis was evaluated by cell nucleus staining and DNA fragmentation assay. ANG II induced GEC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The proapoptotic effect was attenuated by the ANG II receptor type 1 antagonist losartan or the ANG II receptor type 2 antagonist PD-123319 and was completely blocked by incubation with the combined antagonists. Moreover, ANG II stimulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 production as measured by ELISA. GECs exposed to TGF-beta1 demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent increase in apoptosis. ANG II-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by addition of anti-TGF-beta1 antibody. ANG II also upregulated the expression of Fas, FasL, and Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in GECs. These studies suggest that ANG II induces GEC apoptosis by a mechanism involving TGF-beta1 expression that may, importantly, contribute to the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis.

['Angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Imidazoles', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Losartan', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein', 'fas Receptor']

[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.505.519.162'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.200.230'], ['A11.436'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.687', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.793'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypotension in anesthetized sheep.

Because some patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia may present with shock, we reasoned that this organism may produce substances that cause shock. To test this hypothesis, type III pneumococcus supernatant, suspended in 10 ml of sterile water, was infused over 1 min in 8 adult anesthetized sheep. Normal saline was used as a control and had no effect on any of the hemodynamic parameters. Infusion of supernatant resulted in a precipitous fall in cardiac output from a control value of 4.25 +/- 0.54 to 2.80 +/- 0.43 (SE) l/min, a fall in mean systemic arterial pressure from 70 +/- 4 to 49 +/- 8 mmHg, and an increase in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 13 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 4 mmHg within 1 min after the infusion was completed. The peak hemodynamic effects were observed at approximately 3 min and returned to normal within 10 min after the infusion was completed. The thromboxane B2 level increased from a control value of 10 +/- 5 to 156 +/- 43 pg/ml at 3 min after the infusion was completed and decreased to 63 +/- 34 pg/ml at 20 min. A second identical dose of pneumococcal supernatant, repeated within 2 h of the first dose, had no effect on hemodynamic variables. Pretreatment with indomethacin, 5 mg/kg body wt, completely blocked the hemodynamic effects of pneumococcal supernatant (n = 3 sheep). Thus, we conclude that S. pneumoniae supernatant contains substances that cause septic shock syndrome through the synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites and that a sublethal dose of the supernatant causes rapid tachyphylaxis.

['15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Hypotension', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic', 'Serotonin', 'Sheep', 'Shock, Septic', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Thromboxane B2']

[['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650.500.500', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650.500.500', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650.500.500', 'D02.389.338.638.650.500.500', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.700.630.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['C14.907.514'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.250', 'D23.469.700.630'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.800', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.800'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Myocardial conduction time and antiarrhythmic drugs.

Complete a-v block was induced in anesthetized mongrel dogs by direct electrocoagulation of the a-v node. The ventricles were paced by steady stimulation (S1) at a rate of 100/min. and by test stimuli (S2) with varying post S1 delay. Right ventricular myocardial tension was measured from the S2 stimulation site of a specially designed miniature strain gage and from a different site by a Walton-Brodie strain gage. A reproducible time lag between the two sites could be measured by comparing the differences in mechanical response to S2 stimuli. This time difference was called delta IT. delta IT varied markedly (from 10-60 msec) when measured at different sites but no linear relationship between delta IT and the inter-gage distance could be observed. Increasing the S2 current intensity induced shortening of delta IT from 37 +/- 13 msec (mean +/- S.D.) at the threshold current to 16 +/- 10 msec (mean +/- S.D.) with 10 mA. A strength-delta IT curve could be constructed and was found to be remarkably reproducible during the experiment. Quinidine and disopyramide induced upward displacement of the curve, lidocaine did not change it while verapamil lowered the delta IT values. We suggest that delta IT can be used as a reliable indicator of myocardial conduction rate. The possible reasoning for this suggestion has been discussed.

['Animals', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Disopyramide', 'Dogs', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Lidocaine', 'Quinidine', 'Ventricular Function', 'Verapamil']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['E02.331.200'], ['D03.383.725.227'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541.409'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['D03.132.206.636', 'D03.605.687.637', 'D03.633.100.810.699'], ['G09.330.955'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Mental disorder in the New South Wales prisoner population.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of mental illness among prisoners in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.METHOD: Mental illness was examined in two NSW prisoner populations: (i) new receptions to the correctional system; and (ii) sentenced prisoners. Reception prisoners were screened at four male centres and one female centre in NSW. The sentenced population was randomly selected from 28 correctional centres across the state. Reception prisoners were screened consecutively whenever possible while the sentenced group was randomly selected as part of the 2001 Inmate Health Survey. We adopted the same instrument, Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Auto (CIDI-A), for diagnosing mental illness as used in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.RESULTS: Overall, 43% of those screened had at least one of the following diagnoses: psychosis, anxiety disorder, or affective disorder. Reception prisoners suffered from mental illness to a greater extent than sentenced prisoners (46%vs. 38%). Women had higher levels of psychiatric morbidity than men (61%vs. 39%). Nine percent (9%) of all prisoners had experienced psychotic symptoms (due to any cause) in the prior 12 months. Twenty percent (20%) of all prisoners had suffered from at least one type of mood disorder and 36% had experienced an anxiety disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder was the most common disorder, diagnosed in 26% of receptions and 21% of sentenced prisoners.CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that prisoners are a highly mentally disordered group compared with the general community. Given the high prevalence of mental illness identified by this study, it is essential that prison mental health services be adequately resourced to address the demand and, at minimum, ensure that mental health does not deteriorate during incarceration.

['Adult', 'Catchment Area, Health', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'New South Wales', 'Prevalence', 'Prisoners', 'Severity of Illness Index']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N01.224.791.200', 'N03.349.650.095', 'N06.850.505.400.800.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['M01.729'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Refractory Ulcerated Necrobiosis Lipoidica: Closure of a Difficult Wound with Topical Tacrolimus.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of refractory ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) with significant response to treatment with topical tacrolimus.SUBJECT: A 55-year-old woman without diabetes and with a previous history of NL presented to the Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Hyperbaric and Advanced Wound Healing Center of NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, with bilateral lower-leg ulcerations resistant to wound healing techniques at other institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Repeat biopsy performed at the author's institution confirmed the diagnosis of NL. Initial therapy was based on reports of other successful treatment methods, which included collagen wound grafts and collagen-based dressings coupled with compression. These methods initially showed promising results; however, the wounds reulcerated, and any gains in wound healing were lost. Alternative options were initiated, including topical clobetasol and narrowband ultraviolet B; however, no significant improvement was observed. The patient's lower-extremity wounds began to deteriorate. The patient also refused systemic therapy. Treatment was changed to topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment and was applied daily for 10 months with multilayer compression wraps.RESULTS: Both lower-extremity ulcerations began to show significant improvement, with the ulcers progressing toward closure except for 1 very small area on the left lower extremity.CONCLUSIONS: Topical tacrolimus seems to be an effective treatment option for patients with refractory chronic ulcerated NL who do not want systemic oral therapy. The authors found that successful wound closure may require a multimodal approach, which promotes wound healing, but also concurrently addresses the underlying disease process.

['Administration, Topical', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Chronic Disease', 'Compression Bandages', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Leg Ulcer', 'Long-Term Care', 'Middle Aged', 'Necrobiosis Lipoidica', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tacrolimus', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wound Healing']

[['E02.319.267.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E07.101.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C17.800.893.592'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.300.200.495.545', 'C17.800.550.545', 'C17.800.849.495', 'C18.452.880.495'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G16.762.891']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures. Ten years' experience.

In 236 intramedullary nailings of femoral shaft fractures there was a 2 per cent deep infection rate, and a 7 per cent nonunion rate; 87 per cent had good primary healing; 42 per cent had further surgery after the initial nailing (two-thirds for removal of the nail). Statistical analysis of the data does not support the view that delayed internal fixation results in less nonunions. The 55 femurs nailed in the first 3 days had a nonunion rate of 11 per cent, as opposed to a 7 per cent postinjury rate for the entire series, a statistically significant increase in nonunions with the Vesely-Street nail. Intramedullary nailing has the following advantages over treatment with traction: shorter hospital stay; better knee motion; less angulation, and less shortening.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Nails', 'Child', 'Femoral Fractures', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary', 'Fractures, Ununited', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C26.404.061', 'C26.558.276'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300.300'], ['C26.404.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Synergistic action of A23187 and phorbol ester on human B cell activation.

We have investigated the existence of a synergy occurring between the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) with respect to human B cell proliferation and differentiation. The combination of A23187 (250 to 500 nM) with nonmitogenic concentrations of PMA (1 to 3 ng/ml) resulted in a strong proliferative response in human tonsillar, spleen, and peripheral blood B cells. This proliferation could not be blocked by anti-Tac antibody at concentrations that effectively inhibited T cell proliferation under similar culture conditions, suggesting that IL 2 and its receptor are not involved in B cell proliferation in this system. During a 3-day culture period, A23187 (500 nM) did not activate B cells in terms of changes in cell size or in the expression of transferrin receptor, HLA-DR, and Tac antigen. PMA at a nonmitogenic concentration (3 ng/ml) enhanced the expression of the first two markers. Combination of the ionophore with PMA induced the occurrence of Tac and further increased the expression of transferrin receptor and HLA-DR. A23187 similarly enhanced the PMA-mediated increase in cell size. PMA and A23187 did not induce differentiation to lg production. However, when cells were prestimulated with a combination of the two agents and were recultured in the presence of a preparation containing B cell differentiation factor, a strong increase in IgM, IgG, and IgA production was found. We conclude that PMA and A23187 synergistically trigger intracellular events in human B cells, leading to proliferation and to responsiveness to differentiation factors.

['B-Lymphocytes', 'Calcimycin', 'Drug Synergism', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Palatine Tonsil', 'Phorbols', 'Spleen', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']

[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A04.623.603.925', 'A10.549.580', 'A14.724.603.925', 'A15.382.520.604.580'], ['D02.455.849.291.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

The use of botanicals for health purposes by members of a prepaid health plan.

Interviews were conducted with 100 adults (27 men, 73 women) enrolled in a prepaid medical health plan to investigate their use of botanical remedies. They were asked which of 50 listed herbs they or members of their families had used for health purposes and with what effect; which of 60 listed health problems they had treated with home remedies; and what additional home remedies or alternative health care resources they had used. Over 100 different home remedies were identified, with most considered effective. Individual respondents used from 0 to 33 herbal and plant remedies (Md = 7), some of which have toxic properties. A remedy was reported for almost every health problem listed. Substances most frequently used were aloe vera, honey, peppermint, garlic, eucalyptus, and rose hips; health problems most frequently treated were burns, colds, indigestion, insect bites, insomnia, rashes. Persons who were married, from larger households, of higher socioeconomic status, who had consulted alternative healers, or who had patronized health food stores tended to use home remedies more than their counterparts. Implications for further evaluation of self-care practices are discussed.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Home Nursing', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oregon', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Self Care', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['E02.760.611.470', 'N02.421.143.524.470', 'N02.421.533.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.550'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

[Brucella meningitis: a case report].

The authors report a case of genuine brucellar meningitis etiology. Emphasis was given on endemic and epidemiologic factors in our country as well as on contradictory clinical and complementary immunological tests in lower age groups. The CT scan ruled out possibilities of tissue damage. The case had good clinical evolution. The treatment was based on dimethyl-chlortetracycline associated with trimetropin-sulfametoxazol.

['Brucellosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meningitis']

[['C01.150.252.400.167'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.614']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Differential recognition by proteins of alpha-galactosyl residues on endothelial cell surfaces.

The binding of proteins to cell surface carbohydrates contributes to cell-cell interactions in development, immunity, and various physiologic processes. Such interactions are presumably dictated not only by the chemical structure of the carbohydrate but also reflect the properties of the protein and the microenvironment in which the protein-carbohydrate interaction occurs. To explore the factors influencing the recognition of cell surface carbohydrates by proteins, the extent to which three classes of proteins--anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal IgM found in higher primates, Griffonia simplicifolia type I lectin, isolectin B4 (GS-IB4), and alpha-galactosidase--interact with Gal alpha 1-3Gal on porcine cell surfaces was tested. Although the Gal alpha 1-3Gal residues expressed on porcine endothelial cells and recognized by anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal IgM and GS-IB4 were both sensitive to cleavage by alpha-galactosidase, the sites recognized by GS-IB4 were more sensitive to cleavage than sites recognized by anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal IgM. Cross-blocking studies on porcine cell surfaces revealed that a significant proportion of anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal IgM bound to sites not recognized by GS-IB4; however, anti-Gal alpha 1-3Gal IgM and GS-IB4 recognized the same sites on solubilized membrane proteins and model compounds. These results suggest that features of the cell surface such as the three-dimensional arrangement of Gal alpha 1-3Gal and characteristics of the protein such as size and valency play critical roles in specific interactions on cell surfaces.

['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Aorta', 'Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disaccharides', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Galactosides', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Integrins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Swine', 'alpha-Galactosidase']

[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D09.408.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D09.698.629'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.050']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Methane-cycling communities in a permafrost-affected soil on Herschel Island, Western Canadian Arctic: active layer profiling of mcrA and pmoA genes.

In Arctic wet tundra, microbial controls on organic matter decomposition are likely to be altered as a result of climatic disruption. Here, we present a study on the activity, diversity and vertical distribution of methane-cycling microbial communities in the active layer of wet polygonal tundra on Herschel Island. We recorded potential methane production rates from 5 to 40 nmol h(-1) g(-1) wet soil at 10 °C and significantly higher methane oxidation rates reaching values of 6-10 ìmol h(-1) g(-1) wet soil. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning analyses of mcrA and pmoA genes demonstrated that both communities were stratified along the active layer vertical profile. Similar to other wet Arctic tundra, the methanogenic community hosted hydrogenotrophic (Methanobacterium) as well as acetoclastic (Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta) members. A pronounced shift toward a dominance of acetoclastic methanogens was observed in deeper soil layers. In contrast to related circum-Arctic studies, the methane-oxidizing (methanotrophic) community on Herschel Island was dominated by members of the type II group (Methylocystis, Methylosinus, and a cluster related to Methylocapsa). The present study represents the first on methane-cycling communities in the Canadian Western Arctic, thus advancing our understanding of these communities in a changing Arctic.

['Arctic Regions', 'Biota', 'Canada', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'Genes, Archaeal', 'Islands', 'Methane', 'Methanosarcinaceae', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology']

[['Z01.208'], ['G16.500.275.157.049.100', 'N06.230.124.049.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.124', 'G05.360.340.358.024.124', 'G05.360.340.358.050.500'], ['G16.500.275.505', 'N06.230.295', 'Z01.639'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['B02.200.765.550'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]

['Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Hepatic cryosurgery with and without the Bair Hugger.

Hypothermia is a significant clinical problem during hepatic cryosurgery, which at times causes the procedure to be halted until the patient's body temperature can be raised. This study examines the effects of the Bair Hugger (a warming device) on body temperature during hepatic cryosurgery. Twenty-eight cases of hepatic cryosurgery were performed without the Bair Hugger, while 44 cases included the Bair Hugger. The lowest mean temperature was significantly lower in the group without the Bair Hugger (34.2 degrees C vs. 35.3 degrees C; P < 0.0001). In addition, this group showed a significantly greater mean change in temperature during the procedure (1.81 degrees C vs. 0.73 degrees C; P < 0.0001). No patient in the Bair Hugger group reached the point of clinically significant hypothermia. In conclusion, the Bair Hugger is safe and very effective in regulating body temperature and it is an essential piece of equipment performing hepatic cryosurgery.

['Cryosurgery', 'Equipment Design', 'Heating', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['E04.014.180'], ['E05.320'], ['N06.230.150.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.119.565'], ['C23.550.505'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Localization of the insulin receptor binding sites for the SH2 domain proteins p85, Syp, and GAP.

The insulin receptor is known to interact with the SH2 domain proteins p85 (the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), Syp (a tyrosine phosphatase), and GAP (GTPase-activating protein). In this study, we mapped the insulin receptor binding sites for each of these proteins by examining the ability of phosphopeptides, corresponding to insulin receptor phosphorylation sites, and mutant insulin receptors to inhibit an insulin receptor-SH2 domain interaction. Precipitation of partially purified insulin receptors by glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing the N-terminal SH2 domains of p85 and GAP and both SH2 domains of Syp was demonstrated. The effect of the addition of each phosphopeptide on insulin receptor precipitation was tested. pY1322, the C-terminal insulin receptor peptide, inhibited insulin receptor precipitation by both p85- and Syp-GST. The NPXY internalization domain peptide inhibited insulin receptor precipitation by GAP-GST. These data were confirmed by mutant insulin receptor experiments. The insulin receptor C-terminal mutants, delta CT and Y/F2, were not precipitated by p85- or Syp-GST and the NPXY mutant insulin receptors, delta Ex16 and HI delta NPEY, were not precipitated by GAP-GST. Therefore, we conclude that p85 and Syp bind to the insulin receptor C terminus at tyrosine 1322 and GAP binds to the insulin receptor NPXY domain at tyrosine 960.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'GTPase-Activating Proteins', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)', 'Phosphotyrosine', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Tyrosine']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.644.360.325.150', 'D12.776.476.325.150'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D12.644.717'], ['D08.811.913.696.620'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.750', 'D12.125.740.740'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.800', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.800', 'D12.644.360.585.800', 'D12.776.476.564.800', 'D12.776.476.800.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.600', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.200', 'D12.644.360.585.600', 'D12.644.360.800.200', 'D12.776.476.564.600', 'D12.776.476.800.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.700', 'D12.644.360.800', 'D12.776.476.800'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Amelioration of diabetic tubulointerstitial damage in liver-type fatty acid-binding protein transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND: Renoprotection of liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) was demonstrated in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model.METHODS: Established human L-FABP (hL-FABP) transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were divided into two groups: diabetic mice were uninephrectomized and injected with STZ; control mice were uninephrectomized and injected with a citrate buffer alone. Although mouse L-FABP was not expressed in WT mice, hL-FABP was expressed in the proximal tubules of the diabetic Tg mice and in the control Tg mice at 8 and 14 weeks after these injections.RESULTS: The expression of renal hL-FABP increased significantly in diabetic Tg mice compared to control Tg mice. A number of macrophages (F4/80) infiltrating the interstitium, the gene expressions of MCP-1, MCP-3, TGF-beta, Fas, Bax and RAGE were significantly lower in diabetic Tg kidneys compared with diabetic WT kidneys. In the diabetic Tg kidneys, the degree of the tubulointerstitial injury and the deposition of type IV collagen were significantly lower than that of diabetic WT kidneys. The expressions of catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1 were significantly lower in diabetic Tg kidneys compared with diabetic WT kidneys.CONCLUSIONS: Renal L-FABP ameliorated the tubulointerstitial damage of type 1 diabetic mice.

['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger']

[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990', 'D23.125.300.110.990', 'D23.469.200.110.990', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990'], ['D13.444.735.544']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Kinetic profile of the cellular lipid composition in an oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica capable of producing a cocoa-butter substitute from industrial fats.

Cell growth, lipid accumulation and cellular lipid composition of Yarrowia lipolytica growing on mixtures of industrial fats containing stearic, oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid have been studied. During growth, the strain incorporated oleic and linoleic acids more rapidly than the saturated fatty acids. Relatively high lipid accumulation (up to 0.44 g of lipids per g of dry matter) was observed when stearic acid was included in the culture medium. In contrast, substrates rich in oleic acid did not favor cellular lipid accumulation. The accumulated lipids, mainly composed of triacylglycerols (45-55% w/w), demonstrated a different total fatty acid composition compared with that of the substrate; in all cases, the microorganism showed the unusual capacity to increase its cellular stearic acid level, even if this fatty acid was not found in high concentrations in the substrate. This permitted the synthesis of interesting lipid profiles with high percentages of stearic acid and non-negligible percentages of palmitic and oleic acid, with a composition resembling that of cocoa-butter.

['Culture Media', 'Dietary Fats', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Fermentation', 'Kinetics', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Oleic Acid', 'Plant Oils', 'Rapeseed Oil', 'Stearic Acids', 'Yarrowia']

[['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['D10.627.700.066', 'D20.215.784.750.066'], ['D10.251.882'], ['B01.300.107.795.980', 'B01.300.930.980']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']

Disability acquisition and mental health: effect modification by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics using data from an Australian longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: There is evidence of a causal relationship between disability acquisition and poor mental health, but the substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of the effect is poorly understood and may be aetiologically informative. This study aimed to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors that modify the effect of disability acquisition on mental health.DESIGN AND SETTING: The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Australian households that has been conducted annually since 2001. Four waves of data were included in this analysis, from 2011 to 2014.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who acquired a disability (n=387) were compared with those who remained disability-free in all four waves (n=7936).PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Mental health was measured using the mental health subscale of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) general health questionnaire, which measures symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological well-being.METHODS: Linear regression models were fitted to estimate the effect of disability acquisition on mental health, testing for effect modification by key demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. To maximise causal inference, we used a propensity score approach with inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for confounding and multiple imputation using chained equations to assess the impact of missing data.RESULTS: On average, disability acquisition was associated with a 5-point decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: -5.1, 95% CI -7.2 to -3.0). There was strong evidence that income and relationship status modified the effect, with more detrimental effects in the lowest (-12.5, 95% CI -18.5 to -6.5) compared with highest income quintile (-1.1, 95% CI -4.9 to 2.7) and for people not in a relationship (-8.8, 95% CI -12.9 to -4.8) compared with those who were (-3.7, 95% CI -6.1 to -1.4).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the detrimental effect of disability acquisition on mental health is substantially greater for socioeconomic disadvantaged individuals.

['Adult', 'Australia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Demography', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Propensity Score', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['M01.150'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

[Comparative in vitro studies of self-boring and self-tapping screws. Histomorphological and physical-technical studies of bone layers].

Self-drilling screws are gaining increasing importance in maxillofacial surgery. This study assesses which screw design, self-drilling or self-tapping, is best suited to various locations of the human skull. With regard to different areas in the human midface, mandible, and cranium, the thickness of cortical bone varies as well as the relative proportion of cortical to cancellous bone. Criteria used to judge the success of screws were minimal insertion torque and minimum temperature, maximum pullout strength, and minimum deformation and destruction of the bone. To mimic the variations in anatomical conditions, 1-mm and 3-mm-thick cortical bone specimens and cancellous bone blocks were prepared. Eight screws of three types (self-tapping, self-drilling/self-tapping, conically shaped self-drilling) were inserted into the different bone specimens. Torque and temperature were measured during the insertion procedure. Subsequently, the screws were carefully removed and the specimens were processed for histological evaluation. The same insertion protocol was used to test the pull-out strength of the screws. The conically shaped screw showed best results in cancellous bone for all parameters. The self-tapping screw with a pilot hole performed best in thick cortical bone and the self-drilling/self-tapping screw performed better than did the others in thin bone. The results suggest the three screw designs to be optimal for different locations of the human skull. This project provides the data for a planned in vivo study that will evaluate the long-term influence of deformation and temperature on stability and osseointegration of the screws.

['Animals', 'Bone Screws', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cattle', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Skull']

[['B01.050'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Hodgkin's disease.

This synthesis of the literature on radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease is based on 104 scientific articles, including 2 meta-analyses, 22 randomized studies, 5 prospective studies, and 58 retrospective studies. These studies involve 38,362 patients. The literature review clearly shows that radiotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for localized Hodgkin's disease. At early stages, long-term survival is 80% to 90% when treatment is tailored to known prognostic factors. There is a tendency toward increased use of chemotherapy as additional treatment, however no evidence shows that it increases survival. To further improve survival following radiotherapy an attempt is being made to reduce long-term toxicity by better defining the patient groups who require lower radiation volumes, and delivering a dose that is as low as possible to avoid secondary solid tumors or delayed cardiopulmonary or gastrointestinal effects, while not jeopardizing therapeutic results. In advanced disease, radiotherapy may be needed as a complement to chemotherapy to effectively control bulky disease. For recurrent disease, radiotherapy may be considered as relapse treatment or additional therapy in conjunction with high-dose chemotherapy.

['Combined Modality Therapy', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Radiotherapy', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']

[['E02.186'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.815.639']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Micro-computed tomography visualization of the vestigial alimentary canal in adult oestrid flies.

Oestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) do not feed during the adult stage as they acquire all necessary nutrients during the parasitic larval stage. The adult mouthparts and digestive tract are therefore frequently vestigial; however, morphological data on the alimentary canal in adult oestrid flies are scarce and a proper visualization of this organ system within the adult body is lacking. The present work visualizes the morphology of the alimentary canal in adults of two oestrid species, Oestrus ovis L. and Hypoderma lineatum (de Villiers), with the use of non-invasive micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and compares it with the highly developed alimentary canal of the blow fly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Both O. ovis and H. lineatum adults showed significant reductions of the cardia and the diameter of the digestive tract, an absence of the helicoidal portion of the midgut typical of other cyclorrhaphous flies, and a lack of crop and salivary glands. Given the current interest in the alimentary canal in adult dipterans in biomedical and developmental biology studies, further understanding of the morphology and development of this organ system in adult oestrids may provide valuable new insights in several areas of research.

['Animals', 'Digestive System', 'Diptera', 'Female', 'Male', 'Species Specificity', 'X-Ray Microtomography']

[['B01.050'], ['A03'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['G16.824'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Coeliac disease and malignancies.

When compared with the general population, patients with coeliac disease (CD) have an increased risk of developing enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATCL), esophageal and pharyngeal squamous carcinomas and small intestinal adenocarcinomas. The prevalence of histologically confirmed CD in Edinburgh and the Lothians in 1979 was 61 per 100,000. The National Health Service Central Records of all 653 subjects registered at that time have been flagged, allowing us to analyse mortality in CD. At a mean of 13.5 years, mortality overall was 1.9-fold that of the general population (115 deaths observed. 61.8 expected; p < 0.0001). For both sexes the early mortality was much greater than expected, but the excess steadily diminished with time from diagnosis. Much of the increased mortality from malignant disease was accounted for by deaths from lymphoproliferative disease and esophageal cancer. Interim re-analysis after a further 9 years shows that the pattern of later deaths is consistent with these trends. Clinical and pathological features of lymphomas in CD are described. In serum samples of 41 patients with normal villus architecture while taking a normal diet, but with minor pathological and/or immunological abnormalities, i.e. potential CD, IgA antiendomysium antibodies were positive in 7 with dermatitis herpetiformis but in only 3 others.

['Cause of Death', 'Celiac Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Glutens', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Registries', 'Serologic Tests']

[['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.750', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Differential light perception threshold of the visual field and ERG following operatively attached retinal detachment].

After surgical treatment of retinal detachment with a spontaneously pigmented demarcation line the visual fields of twelve patients were tested. The increment threshold of all positions (determined with the Octopus automatic perimeter system) was compared with the reduction in the scotopic and photopic ERG amplitudes (determinated with the CEMIDA system). This reduction in the ERG amplitudes was evaluated using the difference between the amplitude of the ERG waves of the eye with cured retinal detachment and of the healthy fellow eye. No great correlation between the two parameters was found, but it appeared that a reduced mean increment threshold correlated with a reduction in the a-wave amplitude.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Electroretinography', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Visual Fields', 'Visual Perception']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['C11.768.648'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['F02.463.593.932']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Automated DXA-based finite element analysis for hip fracture risk stratification: a cross-sectional study.

Fracture risk indices (FRIs) generated from DXA-based finite element analysis were associated with hip fracture independent of FRAX score computed with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether FRIs represent an improvement over BMD for predicting incident hip fractures.INTRODUCTION: The study aims to examine the association between prior hip fracture and FRIs derived from automated finite element analysis (FEA) of DXA hip scans. Femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric FRIs were calculated as the von Mises stress induced by a sideways fall divided by the bone yield stress over the specified region of interest (ROI).METHODS: Using the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Database, we selected women age ? 65 years with femoral neck T-scores below - 1 and no osteoporosis treatment. From this population, we identified 324 older women with hip fracture before DXA testing and a random sample of 658 non-fracture controls. FRIs were derived from the anonymized DXA scans. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between FRIs (per SD increase) and hip fracture.RESULTS: After adjusting for FRAX score (hip fracture with BMD), femoral neck FRI (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13, 1.64), intertrochanteric FRI (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.44, 2.27), and subtrochanteric FRI (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.68, 2.60) were associated with hip fracture. Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric FRIs gave significantly higher c-statistics (all P ? 0.05) than femoral neck BMD. Subgroup analyses showed that all FRIs were more strongly associated with hip fracture in women who were younger and had higher body mass index (BMI) or non-osteoporotic BMD (all P interaction < 0.1).CONCLUSIONS: FRIs derived from DXA-based FEA were independently associated with prior hip fracture, suggesting that they could potentially improve hip fracture risk assessment.

['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Density', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Femur Neck', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Hip Fractures', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Manitoba', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Osteoporotic Fractures', 'Registries', 'Risk Assessment']

[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.510'], ['E05.355'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.176.410'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610'], ['C26.404.545'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Special Issue Editors' Essay.

BACKGROUND: Impact evaluations draw their data from two sources, namely, surveys conducted for the evaluation or administrative data collected for other purposes. Both types of data have been used to estimate program impacts. This is an introductory essay to a Special Issue entitled "Do the Estimated Effects of Social Programs Depend on the Source of Data Used to Measure Them? Survey Data Versus Administrative Data." In addition to this essay, the Special Issue contains six articles, which appear in Volume 42, Issue 5-6 (October-December 2018) and in this issue (Volume 43, Issue 5 (October 2019)) of Evaluation Review.OBJECTIVE: To describe and summarize each of the six papers and draw lessons from them. The papers investigate the relative strengths and weaknesses of survey and administrative data for estimating the impacts of policy interventions.RESULTS: This essay first describes a simple model of the mechanisms that can cause impacts estimated with survey data to differ from those estimated with administrative data. It then describes and summarizes each of the papers appearing in this Special Issue and uses the model described to interpret the findings when it is applicable. The final section draws general lessons from the papers.CONCLUSIONS: The decision on whether to use survey or administrative data to estimate program impacts can be highly consequential because the estimates can differ considerably. All the papers in this Special Issue point to the importance of using both survey data and administrative data whenever possible.

['Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Organization and Administration', 'Organizational Policy', 'Program Evaluation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['N04.452'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Phenotypic and transcriptomic response of auxotrophic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis leuD mutant under environmental stress.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of severe gastroenteritis in cattle. To gain a better understanding of MAP virulence, we investigated the role of leuD gene in MAP metabolism and stress response. For this, we have constructed an auxotrophic strain of MAP by deleting the leuD gene using allelic exchange. The wildtype and mutant strains were then compared for metabolic phenotypic changes using Biolog phenotype microarrays. The responses of both strains to physiologically relevant stress conditions were assessed using DNA microarrays. Transcriptomic data was then analyzed in the context of cellular metabolic pathways and gene networks. Our results showed that deletion of leuD gene has a global effect on both MAP phenotypic and transcriptome response. At the metabolic level, the mutant strain lost the ability to utilize most of the carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and nutrient supplements as energy source. At the transcriptome level, more than 100 genes were differentially expressed in each of the stress condition tested. Systems level network analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were distributed throughout the gene network, thus explaining the global impact of leuD deletion in metabolic phenotype. Further, we find that leuD deletion impacted metabolic pathways associated with fatty acids. We verified this by experimentally estimating the total fatty acid content of both mutant and wildtype. The mutant strain had 30% less fatty acid content when compared to wildtype, thus supporting the results from transcriptional and computational analyses. Our results therefore reveal the intricate connection between the metabolism and virulence in MAP.

['Bacterial Proteins', 'Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Environment', 'Esters', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Hydro-Lyases', 'Mutation', 'Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis', 'Phenotype', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptome', 'Virulence']

[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D10.251'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D08.811.520.241.300'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.300.600', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.300.600'], ['G05.695'], ['G07.775'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['G06.930']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Hypernatremia in the aging: causes, manifestations, and outcome.

The incidence, clinical manifestations, morbidity, and mortality of all adult hypernatremic patients hospitalized during a 6-month period were studied. The impact of age on this parameter was evaluated, and the velocity of correction that produced best clinical results was established. Records of all patients who were admitted or developed hypernatremia (Na+ > 150 mEq/L) were reviewed. Demographic characteristics of age, gender, associated diagnosis, length of stay, source of admission, treatment, and outcome were recorded. Of 3209 hospitalizations, 111 patients were hypernatremic (3.46%). Sixty-five were admitted with hypernatremia, and 45 developed hypernatremia while hospitalized. Fifteen had recurrent episodes of hypernatremia. Forty-nine had associated hypokalemia and six had hypercalcemia. The etiology was multifactorial and varied with age. Correction of the hypernatremia within 4 days produced significant improvement in mental status. The overall mortality was 48.6%, and age did not favorably influence mortality. Hypernatremia is a common disorder of elderly hospitalized patients, associated with high mortality and morbidity. Other electrolyte disorders that impair the kidney concentrating ability frequently are observed. The etiology is multiple, and febrile illness due to bacterial infections is the most common cause among the elderly. Prompt treatment of infections and increased water intake in this group of patients could prevent its development. Correction over a 72-hour period significantly improved recovery of mental functions.

['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypernatremia', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution']

[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.452'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Foreign bodies of the hard palate.

Foreign bodies of the hard palate are rare occurrences with only 11 reported cases in the literature. These patients can present to the Otolaryngologist in a variety of ways and often with confusing histories. We present seven cases of foreign bodies adherent to the hard palate. The age range was three to eighteen months and the most common referring diagnosis was a suspected tumor (five patients). The most common object removed was a nut shell. In six of the seven cases the foreign body could be removed in the ambulatory clinic without the need for sedation or anesthesia. The clinical presentation, incidence and management is reported and discussed with reference to the literature.

['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Palatal Neoplasms', 'Palate']

[['E01.171'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.692', 'C04.588.443.591.692', 'C05.116.231.754.450.692', 'C05.500.499.692', 'C07.320.515.692', 'C07.465.530.692'], ['A14.521.658', 'A14.549.617']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Isorhamnetin inhibits Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-6 in murine macrophages via anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 induction and inhibition of nuclear factor-êB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key proinflammatory cytokine that has been considered to be important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Therefore, host-modulatory agents directed at inhibiting IL-6 appear to be beneficial in terms of attenuating periodontal disease progression and potentially improving disease susceptibility. In the current study, we investigated the effect of the flavonoid isorhamnetin on the production of IL-6 in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a pathogen implicated in inflammatory periodontal disease, and its mechanisms of action.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide from P. intermedia ATCC 25611 was isolated using the standard hot phenol-water method. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6. We used real-time PCR to quantify IL-6 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression. The expression of HO-1 protein and the levels of signaling proteins were monitored using immunoblot analyses. The DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) was analyzed using ELISA-based assay kits.RESULTS: Isorhamnetin significantly down-regulated P. intermedia LPS-induced production of IL-6 as well as its mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. Isorhamnetin up-regulated the expression of HO-1 at both gene transcription and translation levels in cells stimulated with P. intermedia LPS. In addition, inhibition of HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin IX blocked the inhibitory effect of isorhamnetin on IL-6 production. Isorhamnetin failed to prevent LPS from activating either c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 pathways. Isorhamnetin did not inhibit NF-êB transcriptional activity at the level of inhibitory êB-á degradation. Isorhamnetin suppressed NF-êB signaling through inhibition of nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-êB p50 subunit and attenuated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling.CONCLUSION: Although further research is required to clarify the detailed mechanism of action, we propose that isorhamnetin may contribute to blockade of the host-destructive processes mediated by IL-6 and could be a highly efficient modulator of the host response in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease. Further research in animal models of periodontitis is required to better evaluate, the potential of isorhamnetin as a novel agent for treating periodontal disease.

['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Cell Line', 'Down-Regulation', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Heme Oxygenase-1', 'I-kappa B Proteins', 'Interleukin-6', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Metalloporphyrins', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'NF-kappa B p50 Subunit', 'Prevotella intermedia', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Protoporphyrins', 'Quercetin', 'STAT1 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Up-Regulation', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410.500'], ['D12.644.360.365', 'D12.776.260.420', 'D12.776.476.381', 'D12.776.930.326'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D02.257.250', 'D03.383.129.578.840.500.640', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640', 'D04.345.783.500.640', 'D23.767.727.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.260.600.124', 'D12.776.660.600.124', 'D12.776.930.600.124'], ['B03.440.080.094.640.375', 'B03.440.425.410.194.640.375'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.725', 'D03.633.400.909.500.725', 'D04.345.783.500.725', 'D23.767.727.725'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['D12.644.360.024.303.500.500', 'D12.644.360.024.342.100', 'D12.776.157.057.061.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.100', 'D12.776.260.513.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.386.500.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.100', 'D12.776.930.354.249.500', 'D12.776.930.840.100'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Surgical approach to the shoulder. Lesser tuberosity osteotomy].

Osteotomy of the lesser tuberosity for the surgical delto-pectoral approach to the glenohumeral joint results in good visualization and overview and sufficient anatomical refixation of the insertion of the subscapularis muscle. However, clinical and biomechanical studies have not shown clearly significantly better results for osteotomy concerning ultimate load to failure, displacement after cyclic loading and outcome in patients compared with tenotomy and tenodesis of the subscapularis tendon. One advantage of osteotomy, however, is the potential radiological evaluation of the refixation with healing of the bony fragment. In the context of refixation, securing of the sutures behind the stem during implantation can be beneficial because it prevents sutures cutting through the bone. This benefit is increased in cemented stems by means of better suture fixation. With respect to the choice of osteotomy or tenotomy, the bony substance and tendon quality of the insertion of the subscapularis muscle should be evaluated.

['Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Humans', 'Osteotomy', 'Shoulder', 'Shoulder Dislocation', 'Shoulder Fractures']

[['E04.555.110.110', 'E04.650.110', 'E04.680.101.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.555.580'], ['A01.378.800.750'], ['C05.550.518.750', 'C26.289.750', 'C26.803.125'], ['C26.404.625', 'C26.803.250']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

An innovative technique for recording picture-in-picture ultrasound videos.

Many ultrasound educational products and ultrasound researchers present diagnostic and interventional ultrasound information using picture-in-picture videos, which simultaneously show the ultrasound image and transducer and patient positions. Traditional techniques for creating picture-in-picture videos are expensive, nonportable, or time-consuming. This article describes an inexpensive, simple, and portable way of creating picture-in-picture ultrasound videos. This technique uses a laptop computer with a video capture device to acquire the ultrasound feed. Simultaneously, a webcam captures a live video feed of the transducer and patient position and live audio. Both sources are streamed onto the computer screen and recorded by screen capture software. This technique makes the process of recording picture-in-picture ultrasound videos more accessible for ultrasound educators and researchers for use in their presentations or publications.

['Computer Graphics', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Computers, Handheld', 'Data Display', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Software', 'Ultrasonography', 'Video Recording']

[['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['L01.224.230.260.550.500'], ['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['L01.280.960']]

['Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

A novel mechanism for B cell repertoire maturation based on response by B cell precursors to pre-B receptor assembly.

The expression of different sets of immunoglobulin specificities by fetal and adult B lymphocytes is a long-standing puzzle in immunology. Recently it has become clear that production of immunoglobulin mu heavy chain and subsequent assembly with a surrogate light chain to form the pre-B cell receptor complex is critical for development of B cells. Here we show that instead of promoting pre-B cell progression as in adult bone marrow, this complex inhibits pre-B cell growth in fetal liver. Curiously, we identify a fetal-associated VH11 mu heavy chain that allows continued pre-B proliferation in fetal liver. Interestingly, this heavy chain does not associate efficiently with a surrogate light chain, providing a previously unrecognized mechanism for skewing the expression of distinctive VH genes toward fetal through early neonatal life.

['Animals', 'B-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fetus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin mu-Chains', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Stem Cells', 'Transfection']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.450', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.382.032.438.450', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.300', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.450'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A16.378'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.500.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['A11.872'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Germline mutations in the transcription factor IKZF5 cause thrombocytopenia.

To identify novel causes of hereditary thrombocytopenia, we performed a genetic association analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 13 037 individuals enrolled in the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource, including 233 cases with isolated thrombocytopenia. We found an association between rare variants in the transcription factor-encoding gene IKZF5 and thrombocytopenia. We report 5 causal missense variants in or near IKZF5 zinc fingers, of which 2 occurred de novo and 3 co-segregated in 3 pedigrees. A canonical DNA-zinc finger binding model predicts that 3 of the variants alter DNA recognition. Expression studies showed that chromatin binding was disrupted in mutant compared with wild-type IKZF5, and electron microscopy revealed a reduced quantity of á granules in normally sized platelets. Proplatelet formation was reduced in megakaryocytes from 7 cases relative to 6 controls. Comparison of RNA-sequencing data from platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and CD4+ T cells from 3 cases and 14 healthy controls showed 1194 differentially expressed genes in platelets but only 4 differentially expressed genes in each of the other blood cell types. In conclusion, IKZF5 is a novel transcriptional regulator of megakaryopoiesis and the eighth transcription factor associated with dominant thrombocytopenia in humans.

['Blood Platelets', 'Chromatin', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Diseases, Inborn', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ikaros Transcription Factor', 'Male', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombopoiesis']

[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['G05.308'], ['C16.320'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.522.500', 'D12.776.930.375.500'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['G04.152.825.798', 'G09.188.343.798']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Nighttime blood pressure fall in renal disease patients.

OBJECTIVE: There are controversial reports in the prevalence of abnormal nighttime blood pressure fall in renal patients. It has been evaluated nocturnal BP in renal patients using 24 h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in comparison with nontreated control subjects either normotensives or hypertensives.DESIGN AND METHODS: It has been reviewed 137 ABPM studies performed in renal patients (47.8 +/- 15.4 years, 76 men and 61 women). The control group includes 119 subjects without kidney disease, 65 were normotensives, and 49 were hypertensives, aged 46.8 +/- 12.1 years, 59 men and 60 women. The ambulatory BP was measured noninvasively for 24h by the SpaceLabs 90207 device programmed to measure BP every 15 min during daytime and every 20 min during nighttime. The definition of daytime and nighttime was made on the basis of wakefulness and sleep or bed rest periods, obtained from a diary kept by each subject.RESULTS: SBP, but not DBP, was higher (133.9/81.7) in renal disease patients when compared to nonrenal subjects (127.9/80.8, p < 0.01). When the control group was split into normotensive and hypertensive patients there were still significant differences, but hypertensives had higher BP than renal disease patients (139.0/89.7, p < 0.05). Nocturnal SBP fall in renal disease patients was reduced (5.8%, p < 0.001) and so was DBP fall (11.1%, p < 0.001) compared with the overall nonrenal patients sample (SBP 10.8; DBP 15.3%). The frequency of nondipper status in renal disease patients (39.6%) was higher than in control patients (18.4%, p < 0.001). Nontreated normotensive renal disease patients did not show any difference in either SBP or DBP nighttime fall with respect to control normotensives. Neither do nontreated hypertensive renal patients as compared with control hypertensives. There were not differences between proteinuric and nonproteinuric patients in nocturnal BP fall. The same result was obtained when hypertensive and normotensive nontreated renal patients were compared. The presence of renal failure did not induce a reduction of nocturnal BP fall. Most of treated renal patients were mainly receiving drug therapy during the morning and frequently this was the single daily dose.CONCLUSIONS: Altered diurnal rhythm should not be considered as a usual complication of renal disease. Inadequate antihypertensive pharmacotherapy could be related to the abnormalities of nighttime BP fall when it is detected.

['Adult', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Chronobiology Disorders', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140.100', 'E01.370.520.500.100'], ['C10.281'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Customer satisfaction and self-reported treatment outcomes among psychiatric inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Relationships among different dimensions of patient satisfaction and selected demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were explored in a sample of severely ill people receiving inpatient psychiatric services.METHOD: The sample consisted of 81 patients admitted to and discharged from an inpatient psychiatric unit at a midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center. Stepwise multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between patient satisfaction and self-reported changes in quality of life, symptomatology, and level of functioning as measured by the Treatment Outcome Profile. Other variables such as diagnosis, length of stay, employment, living situation, and prior psychiatric and substance abuse treatment were also considered. A subsample of the most satisfied and dissatisfied patients was chosen to further explore variables contributing to satisfaction with services.RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was related to initial level of functioning, certain diagnoses, and treatment gains. Clinicians were highly accurate in identifying patients who were satisfied, based on blind chart reviews.CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the significant relationships between patient satisfaction, psychiatric diagnosis, and other outcome measures, and argues for the validity and utility of patient satisfaction measures in assessing the efficacy of inpatient care.

['Attitude to Health', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'Disabled Persons', 'Discriminant Analysis', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Veterans', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Length of Stay', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Midwestern United States', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Regression Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Veterans']

[['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['N03.219.521.710.305.200.080'], ['M01.150'], ['E05.318.740.350', 'N05.715.360.750.325', 'N06.850.520.830.350'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.930']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

Role of macrophage secretions on rat polycystic ovary: its effect on apoptosis.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Little is known about its etiology, although the evidence suggests an intrinsic ovarian abnormality in which endocrine, metabolic, neural and immune factors would be involved. In this work, the effects of macrophage (MO) secretion on ovarian apoptosis in a polycystic ovary syndrome rat model (PCO rat) induced by estradiol valerate are studied. Spleen MO secretions were used to stimulate ovaries and ovarian interstitial and granulosa cells from both PCO and control rats. Ovarian hormones and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by RIA; ovarian mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl2 and NFkB by RT-PCR; and ovarian inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by western blot. The number of apoptotic cells was evaluated by TUNEL. In the PCO ovary, the MO secretions from PCO rats increased the Bax and NFkB mRNA expressions and increased TUNEL staining in both granulosa and theca cells. In addition, the PCO MO secretions produced a decrease of nitric oxide release, iNOS protein level and PGE2 content in the PCO ovary, and it also induced an increase of androstenedione production by PCO interstitial cells, in comparison with control MO secretions. Considering these results and knowing that testosterone stimulates tumour necrosis factor-á production by PCO MO modifying ovarian response by increasing androstenedione, it is reasonable to suggest that the increase of androgens stimulated in ovarian cells by PCO MO secretions could in turn stimulate the cytokine production from MO, thus maintaining an apoptotic vicious cycle in the PCO ovary.

['Androstenedione', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Contraceptive Agents', 'Dinoprostone', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Macrophages', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']

[['D04.210.500.054.079.329', 'D04.210.500.578.502.112', 'D06.472.040.502.112', 'D06.472.334.851.968.875'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.696.875.360', 'D27.505.954.705.360'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Use of solubilizers in preclinical formulations: Effect of Cremophor EL on the pharmacokinetic properties on early discovery compounds.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether Cremophor EL is a suitable surfactant that can be routinely applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in early drug discovery without influencing the intrinsic PK characteristics of the new chemical entities (NCEs). Cremophor EL, a polyoxyl 35 castor oil, has been used as a solubilization aid for water-insoluble compounds in pre-clinical drug discovery. The effect of Cremophor EL on the PK properties of NCEs was examined in seven structurally diverse discovery compounds after intravenous administration. Significant effects of Cremophor EL on plasma volume of distribution (Vss) and plasma clearance (CL) were observed in compounds with moderate to high Vss or CL. The plasma Vss decreased more than 2-fold and the Vss binning category decreased by one unit (e.g. from moderate to low Vss) in 6 of 7 test compounds. Two to five-fold reduction of CL was observed with these 6 compounds. Effect on the terminal half-life (T1/2) was minimal. Using one of these 7 NCEs, concentration dependent effect of Cremophor EL in the vehicle was also determined. Higher percentage of Cremophor EL in vehicle resulted in progressively increased alterations on the plasma CL and Vss. Taken together, these findings indicated that Cremophor EL altered the intrinsic PK properties of these discovery compounds in a concentration dependent manner.

['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Glycerol', 'Half-Life', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Solvents']

[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D26'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D27.720.844']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Oligotriche and quaking gene mutations. Phenotypic effects on mouse spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis.

The phenotypic actions of the oligotriche gene mutation on testicular function have not been elucidated, although it is known that male mice homozygous for the mutation are infertile. In the present study, the effect of the oligotriche gene mutation on mouse testicular function was analyzed by comparing normal and mutant mice. Spermatogenesis was analyzed by enumerating germ cells in seminiferous tubules at specific stages of spermatogenesis and by electron microscopy. Steroidogenic potential was estimated by radioimmunometric determination of testosterone secreted by testes perfused in vitro. Parallel studies were completed for male mice homozygous for the quaking gene mutation, a mutation known to cause male mouse sterility by disrupting sperm tail development. The experimental results suggest that the oligotriche and quaking gene mutations interfere with sperm tail formation by different mechanisms. Testicular steroidogenesis was not affected by either gene mutation. The results provide the first evidence that the oligotriche gene mutation induces male mouse sterility by effecting the complete absence of a sperm tail. This phenotypic action is different from that of the quaking gene mutation.

['Animals', 'Homozygote', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Quaking', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mutation', 'Oligospermia', 'Phenotype', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Spermatozoa', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']

[['B01.050'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.560'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C12.294.365.700.508'], ['G05.695'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Main alkaloids from the Brazilian dendrobatidae frog Epipedobates flavopictus: pumiliotoxin 251D, histrionicotoxin and decahydroquinolines.

Epipedobates flavopictus, Dendrobatidae, is a small aposematic frog found in Brazilian Cerrado bioma. In the present work, we isolated and characterized chemically the most abundant alkaloids present in the cutaneous extract of E. flavopictus. The specimens were collected in Piren?polis (Goi?s, Brazil), their skins were removed and extracted with methanol, and submitted to purification by HPLC and identification by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pumiliotoxin 251D, histrionicotoxin 285Da and two decahydroquinolines, 219A and 243A, were identified. The pumiliotoxin 251D was tested on isolated frog sciatic nerve and on isolated guinea pig ileum muscle. The pumiliotoxin 251D slightly reduced the action potentials amplitude of frog sciatic nerve. The crude skin extract of E. flavopictus and the pumiliotoxin 251D produced rhythmic contractions and increased the muscular tension on isolated guinea pig ileum.

['Alkaloids', 'Amphibian Venoms', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Ileum', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Skin']

[['D03.132'], ['D20.888.033', 'D23.946.833.033'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['A17.815']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Serologic screening for Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors in central Brazil.

The study reported here compares results obtained by blood banks screening sera for chagasic (Trypanosoma cruzi) infection with results obtained by the Chagas' Disease Reference Laboratory of the Federal University of Goi?s in Goi?nia, Brazil. It also evaluates results obtained using the ELISA technique to screen the study sera. The survey used data from six of eight blood banks serving the city of Goi?nia, an urban region of Central Brazil where Chagas' disease is highly endemic. The survey population consisted of 1,513 voluntary first-time blood donors whose donations occurred between October 1988 and April 1989. This group included 50% of all the first-time blood donors in that period. The six participating blood banks, which accounted for about 90% of all blood donations in Goi?nia during the study period, routinely used indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and complement fixation (CF) tests to screen sera for antibodies to T. cruzi. Comparison of the results provided by the blood banks with the reference laboratory's results indicated a relative sensitivity of 77%, which ranged from 50% to 100% depending on the blood bank studied. The comparison, which found 12 false negative results, indicated that transfusions of infected blood might have occurred despite the serologic screening performed by the blood banks. Relative to the standard of positivity established for the study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was found to have a sensitivity of 96.3%. Considering as positive only those sera yielding positive IHA and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test results, the ELISA technique yielded 2 false negative and 41 false positive responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

['Adult', 'Blood Banks', 'Blood Donors', 'Brazil', 'Chagas Disease', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Prevalence', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.278.065.200'], ['M01.898.313'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.200', 'C01.920.625'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Diffuse pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage after bone marrow transplantation: radiographic findings in 39 patients.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication after bone marrow transplantation. We investigated the radiographic abnormalities that occurred in 39 transplantation patients with a diagnosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and correlated the findings with the patients' clinical course. The initial radiographic abnormalities after diffuse alveolar hemorrhage developed an average of 11 days after bone marrow transplantation, and the radiographic abnormalities preceded the clinical diagnosis by an average of 3 days. Twenty-seven patients initially had bilateral radiographic abnormalities; 10 initially had unilateral abnormalities (seven in the right lung, three in the left lung). Two patients had normal chest radiographs throughout their clinical course. All 37 patients with radiographic abnormalities had abnormalities involving the central portion of the lung, primarily the middle and lower lung zones. The initial radiographic pattern was interstitial in 27 and alveolar in 10. In 24 patients, radiographic abnormalities were initially judged to be mild; three were severe from the onset. Radiographic abnormalities rapidly worsened in most patients over 6 days. In 30 patients, diffuse bilateral radiographic abnormalities involving all lung zones developed. Eleven patients persisted in having only interstitial radiographic abnormalities; 26 had a confluent alveolar pattern. At the height of radiographic abnormalities, 27 cases were judged to be severe, and only one case was judged to be mild. The mortality rate in patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was 77%. The radiographic abnormalities of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage are nonspecific and usually precede the clinical diagnosis. The clinical course after hemorrhage is short, often resulting in death.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Survival Rate']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['A04.411.715'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Accumulation, activity and localization of cell cycle regulatory proteins and the chloroplast division protein FtsZ in the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda under inhibition of nuclear DNA replication.

Synchronized cultures of the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda were grown in the absence (untreated cultures) or in the presence (FdUrd-treated cultures) of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, the specific inhibitor of nuclear DNA replication. The attainment of commitment points, at which the cells become committed to nuclear DNA replication, mitosis and cellular division, and the course of committed processes themselves were determined for cell cycle characterization. FdUrd-treated cultures showed nearly unaffected growth and attainment of the commitment points, while DNA replication(s), nuclear division(s) and protoplast fission(s) were blocked. Interestingly, the FdUrd-treated cells possessed a very high mitotic histone H1 kinase activity in the absence of any nuclear division(s). Compared with the untreated cultures, the kinase activity as well as mitotic cyclin B accumulation increased continuously to high values without any oscillation. Division of chloroplasts was not blocked but occurred delayed and over a longer time span than in the untreated culture. The FtsZ protein level in the FdUrd-treated culture did not exceed the level in the untreated culture, but rather, in contrast to the untreated culture, remained elevated. FtsZ structures were both localized around pyrenoids and spread inside of the chloroplast in the form of spots and mini-rings. The abundance and localization of the FtsZ protein were comparable in untreated and FdUrd-treated cells until the end of the untreated cell cycle. However, in the inhibitor-treated culture, the signal did not decrease and was localized in intense spots surrounding the chloroplast/cell perimeter; this was in agreement with both the elevated protein level and persisting chloroplast division.

['Algal Proteins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Chloroplasts', 'Cyclin B', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Algal', 'Floxuridine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Kinases', 'Scenedesmus']

[['D12.776.037'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D12.644.360.262.120', 'D12.776.167.218.120', 'D12.776.476.262.120'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.148'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.350', 'D13.570.230.430.432', 'D13.570.685.852.300.350'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['B01.650.940.150.800']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Production optimization, characterization and gene expression of pullulan from a new strain of Aureobasidium pullulans.

In this study, a new yeast-like fungal was obtained from leaf surfaces collected from Kheyroodkenar forest, Mazandaran, Iran. The properties of this strain, such as morphology, DNA molecular, and product showed that it is related to Aureobasidium pullulans family and named A. pullulans MG271838. The pullulan production conditions by this strain were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The results showed that the optimum production yield (37.55 ± 0.45 g/l) was obtained in pH of 6.76, sucrose concentration of 6%w/v and yeast extract concentration of 0.2%w/v. The pullulan had a concentration-dependent flow behavior, amorphous structure based on XRD pattern and high thermal stability (decomposition temperature of 300 °C). Also, the chemical structure of pullulan was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, there was a direct relationship between pullulan yield and the gene expression of fks, pgm and ugp as the most important genes in pullulan production.

['Ascomycota', 'Carbon', 'Fermentation', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucans', 'Nitrogen', 'Phylogeny', 'Spectrum Analysis']

[['B01.300.107'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G05.297'], ['D05.750.078.562', 'D09.698.365'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.196.867']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Role of galectin-3 as an adhesion molecule for neutrophil extravasation during streptococcal pneumonia.

Recruitment of neutrophils from blood vessels to sites of infection represents one of the most important elements of innate immunity. Movement of neutrophils across blood vessel walls to the site of infection first requires that the migrating cells firmly attach to the endothelial wall. Generally, neutrophil extravasation is mediated at least in part by two classes of adhesion molecules, beta(2) integrins and selectins. However, in the case of streptococcal pneumonia, recent studies have revealed that a significant proportion of neutrophil diapedesis is not mediated by the beta(2) integrin/selectin paradigm. Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin implicated in inflammatory responses as well as in cell adhesion. Using an in vivo streptococcal pneumonia mouse model, we found that accumulation of galectin-3 in the alveolar space of streptococcus-infected lungs correlates closely with the onset of neutrophil extravasation. Furthermore, immunohistological analysis of infected lung tissue revealed the presence of galectin-3 in the lung tissue areas composed of epithelial and endothelial cell layers as well as of interstitial spaces. In vitro, galectin-3 was able to promote neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Promotion of neutrophil adhesion by galectin-3 appeared to result from direct cross-linking of neutrophils to the endothelium and was dependent on galectin-3 oligomerization. Together, these results suggest that galectin-3 acts as an adhesion molecule that can mediate neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. However, accumulation of galectin-3 in lung was not observed during neutrophil emigration into alveoli induced by Escherichia coli infection, where the majority of neutrophil emigration is known to be beta(2) integrin dependent. Thus, based on our results, we propose that galectin-3 plays a role in beta(2) integrin-independent neutrophil extravasation, which occurs during alveolar infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.

['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Galectin 3', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lung', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Neutrophils', 'Pneumonia, Pneumococcal', 'Pulmonary Alveoli']

[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D12.776.503.307.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G12.632'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670.750', 'C01.150.252.620.550', 'C01.748.610.540.550', 'C08.381.677.540.550', 'C08.730.610.540.550'], ['A04.411.715']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Effect of Study Design and Survey Instrument to Identify the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes, 2000-2018: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have used a variety of survey measurement options for evaluating the association between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms, raising questions about the types of instruments and their effect on the association. This study aimed to identify measures of PA and depressive symptoms and findings of their association given diverse instruments and study characteristics in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).METHODS: Online databases, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched on July 20, 2018, and January 8, 2019. Our systematic review included observational studies from 2000 to 2018 that investigated the association between PA and depressive symptoms in T2DM.RESULTS: Of 2294 retrieved articles, 28 studies were retained in a focused examination and comparison of the instruments used. There were a range of standard measures, 10 for depressive symptoms and 7 for PA, respectively. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depressive symptoms and study-specific methods for PA were the most popular. Overall, 71.9% found a significant association between PA and depressive symptoms. Among studies classified as high quality or reliability, the figure was 81.8%.CONCLUSION: A majority of the sample found an association between depressive symptoms and PA, which is fairly consistent across study characteristics. The findings provide the evidence for the health benefits of PA on reducing depressive symptoms in persons with T2DM, suggesting active engagement in PA for effective diabetes management. However, guidelines for objective measurements and well-designed prospective studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base and rigor for the association and its directionality.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Depression', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Research Design', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Silencing of BACH1 inhibits invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells by altering metastasis-related gene expression.

BACKGROUND: Cancer lethality is mainly caused by metastasis. Therefore, understanding the nature of the genes involved in this process has become a priority. BACH1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, has been shown to transcriptionally regulate expression of a range of genes that are associated with breast cancer metastasis. However, the exact role and the underlying molecular mechanism of BACH1 in prostate cancer remain unclear. This study aims to explore the expression of BACH1 in prostate cancer tissues and the effect of BACH1 suppression on prostate cancer cell behavior.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure BACH1 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma tissues and two metastasis-derived prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and LNCaP. We also used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to measure BACH1 protein expression in prostate adenocarcinoma and matched normal tissue samples. In the following BACH1 expression was silenced in DU145 cells using siRNA as well. Knockdown was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The cytotoxic effects of BACH1-siRNA on DU145 cells were determined using an MTT assay. The migration and invasive capacity of DU145 cells were examined by scratch wound healing assay and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. We also used qRT-PCR to study the effect of BACH1 silencing on the expression levels of metastasis-related genes.RESULTS: We find that the expression of BACH1 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer tissues is significantly higher than in matched normal prostate tissues (p < .05). In addition, DU145 and LNCaP cells exhibited 4.25-fold and 3.45-fold higher levels of BACH1 compared to HFF cell line. BACH1-siRNA significantly reduced both mRNA and protein expression levels in DU145 cells. More importantly, we show that BACH1 promotes key features of metastasis, as BACH1-siRNA treatment significantly reduced cell invasion and migration by changing the expression levels of a number of metastasis-related genes in vitro.CONCLUSIONS: BACH1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Because this promotes invasion and migration, it may facilitate metastasis of prostate cancer. Thus, BACH1 is a potential therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancer. BACH1 silencing therapy can be considered as a novel and effective adjuvant in prostate cancer targeted therapies.

['Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors', 'Cell Movement', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Silencing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering']

[['D12.776.260.108', 'D12.776.930.127'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Medical aspects of quality assurance in brachytherapy.

Brachytherapy is a special treatment method which should be performed by experienced teams. The indication of a brachytherapy treatment should follow national and international standards, which are usually result of consensus meetings. Treatment planning requires the definition of various volumes. Different imaging methods take an important place in target delineation and assessment of critical volumes through significantly influencing the quality of a treatment plan. There are also differences between diagnostic imaging and imaging for external beam treatments as well as for brachytherapy treatment. Different levels of brachytherapy treatment planning and an overview of medical decisions having an impact on brachytherapy quality are discussed.

['Brachytherapy', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['E02.815.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']

Ensuring care quality at a time of diminishing resources.

John Tingle, Reader in Health Law at Nottingham Trent University, discusses the Care Quality Commission's State of Health Care report, in the light of some important clinical negligence trends and reports on major safety failures.

['Awards and Prizes', "Nurse's Role", 'Quality of Health Care']

[['K01.150'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715']]

['Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']

An efficient oxidizing reagent for the synthesis of mixed backbone oligonucleotides via the H-phosphonate approach.

The mixture of carbon tetrachloride, N-methyl morpholine (NMM), pyridine and water in acetonitrile has been exploited for the oxidation of dinucleoside H-phosphonate diesters to the corresponding phosphates. The system is found to be inert to the phosphoramidate (P-N) and the phosphorothioate (P-S) linkages and has successfully been applied to the solid phase synthesis of mixed-backbone oligonucleotides (MBOs).

['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Organophosphonates', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']

[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['D02.705.429'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.196.566.600']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Regulation of melanogenesis by human uveal melanocytes in vitro.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors regulating melanogenesis in cultured human uveal melanocytes. The effects of various substances on the melanin content, tyrosinase activity and growth of cultured uveal melanocytes were tested. 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (a protein kinase C activator) and various cAMP-elevating agents, including isobutylmethylxanthine, cholera, toxin, and dibutyryl-cAMP increased melanin content per culture, tyrosinase activity and cell numbers of uveal melanocytes in a dose dependent manner. Basic fibroblast growth factor (tyrosine kinase activator) stimulated growth but did not affect melanin content per culture of uveal melanocytes in vitro. These results indicate that cAMP-elevating agents and protein kinase C activator stimulate melanogenesis and growth of cultured uveal melanocytes. Tyrosine kinase activator stimulates growth but not melanogenesis of cultured uveal melanocytes.

['Adult', 'Bucladesine', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Humans', 'Melanins', 'Melanocytes', 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Uvea']

[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.180', 'D23.946.123.194', 'D23.946.330.150'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125.500'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['A09.371.894']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Cry features in siblings of SIDS.

AIM: To examine the acoustic features of crying demonstrated by infants whose older sibling died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and compare these features to a nonrisk group of infants.METHODS: Pain-induced crying episodes were collected from a group of healthy term (HT) infants and siblings of SIDS infants. One complete crying episode was obtained from each infant and analyzed acoustically with regard to durational and spectral features.RESULTS: The cries of SIDS siblings were found to be significantly higher in pitch and reflected hyperadductory vocal fold vibratory behaviour compared to the HT group. There were no group differences with regard to durational features of crying.CONCLUSIONS: The laryngeal behaviour of infant crying, as inferred via acoustic analyses, differs between HT infants and siblings of SIDS infants. Accordingly, acoustic features of infant crying may serve as an additional diagnostic marker in the identification of children who may be at risk for SIDS.

['Acoustics', 'Communication', 'Crying', 'Epidemiologic Studies', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'New Zealand', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Pilot Projects', 'Risk Factors', 'Siblings', 'Sudden Infant Death']

[['H01.671.031'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.145.209.530.258', 'F01.525.200.310.300'], ['E05.318.372.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781'], ['C23.550.260.322.625', 'C23.550.260.657.500']]

['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']

Fatty acid beta-oxidation system in microbodies of n-alkane-grown Candida tropicalis.

Localization of fatty acid beta-oxidation system in microbodies of Candida tropicalis cells growing on n-alkanes was studied. Microbodies isolated from the yeast cells showed palmitate-dependent activities of NAD reduction, acetyl-CoA formation and oxygen consumption. When sodium azide, an inhibitor of catalase, was added to the system, palmitate-dependent formation of hydrogen peroxide was observed. Stoichiometric study revealed that two moles of NAD were reduced per one mole of oxygen consumed in the absence of sodium azide and the presence of the inhibitor doubled the oxygen consumption by microbodies without an appreciable change in NAD reduction. These results indicate that the yeast microbodies contain beta-oxidation system of fatty acid, and that catalase located in the organelles participates in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide to be formed at the step of dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA.

['Acetyl Coenzyme A', 'Alkanes', 'Candida', 'Catalase', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Fatty Acids', 'Kinetics', 'Microbodies', 'NAD']

[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.382.300.020', 'D08.211.211.300.075', 'D13.695.667.138.382.300.020', 'D13.695.827.068.382.300.020'], ['D02.455.326.146'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['D10.251'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500.585', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.755'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Expulsion of an intraocular lens through a clear corneal wound.

A 91-year-old man sustained blunt trauma to an eye that had uneventful phacoemulsification through a superior clear corneal incision 5 years earlier. The silicone foldable intraocular lens (IOL) and a portion of the iris and capsular bag were expulsed through the cataract excision, which then self-sealed. This case illustrates the potential for expulsion of foldable IOLs through small clear corneal incisions even several years after surgery.

['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Injuries', 'Eye Injuries', 'Humans', 'Iris Diseases', 'Lens Capsule, Crystalline', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Prolapse', 'Silicone Elastomers', 'Surgical Wound Dehiscence', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']

[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C10.900.300.284.250.124', 'C11.204.284', 'C11.297.374', 'C26.915.300.425.250.124'], ['C10.900.300.284.250', 'C11.297', 'C26.915.300.425.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.941.375'], ['A09.371.060.500.155'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['C23.300.842'], ['D05.750.900.850.900', 'D25.720.327.900', 'D25.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.051.720.327.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.412.900'], ['C23.550.767.887'], ['C26.974']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Peritubular capillary injury during the progression of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats.

The functional and morphologic changes occurring in the peritubular capillaries (PTC) of the kidney during the progression of renal disease are not yet completely understood. In this study, the features of PTC disruption observed in a rat anti-glomerular basement membrane-induced glomerulonephritis (GN) model were characterized. Contributions to the progression of the disease made by other interstitial components, including ED-1-positive macrophages and CD3-positive T cells, were also investigated. Within 7 d of inducing GN, severe necrotizing glomerular injuries were observed. Thrombomodulin staining revealed that within 3 to 8 wk, there was a significant (P < 0.001) decline in the number of PTC, accompanied by a marked accumulation of macrophages, T cells, and fibrotic material. By the end of this period, most PTC were severely damaged or lost, and tubulointerstitial scarring was noted in the affected areas. Furthermore, PTC endothelial cell apoptosis occurred concomitantly, as shown by application of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling methods and electron microscopy. It was presumed that the PTC injury was mediated possibly by the infiltrating macrophages and T cells, which, together with destruction of the PTC structure, correlated significantly with the impairment of renal function. These findings suggest that PTC disruption and the subsequent regression of the capillary network may contribute to the development of the tubulointerstitial injury largely responsible for the renal dysfunction in progressive GN.

['Animals', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Death', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']

[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['G04.146'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

The use of solvent relaxation technique to investigate headgroup hydration and protein binding of simple and mixed phosphatidylcholine/surfactant bilayer membranes.

The subject of this report was to investigate headgroup hydration and mobility of two types of mixed lipid vesicles, containing nonionic surfactants; straight chain Brij 98, and polysorbat Tween 80, with the same number of oxyethylene units as Brij, but attached via a sorbitan ring to oleic acid. We used the fluorescence solvent relaxation (SR) approach for the purpose and revealed differences between the two systems. Fluorescent solvent relaxation probes (Prodan, Laurdan, Patman) were found to be localized in mixed lipid vesicles similarly as in pure phospholipid bilayers. The SR parameters (i.e. dynamic Stokes shift, Deltanu, and the time course of the correlation function, C(t)) of such labels are in the same range in both kinds of systems. Each type of the tested surfactants has its own impact on water organization in the bilayer headgroup region probed by Patman. Brij 98 does not modify the solvation characteristics of the dye. In contrast, Tween 80 apparently dehydrates the headgroup and decreases its mobility. The SR data measured in lipid bilayers in presence of Interferon alfa-2b reveal that this protein, a candidate for non-invasive delivery, affects the bilayer in a different way than the peptide melittin. Interferon alfa-2b binds to mixed lipid bilayers peripherally, whereas melittin is deeply inserted into lipid membranes and affects their headgroup hydration and mobility measurably.

['2-Naphthylamine', 'Animals', 'Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Laurates', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Melitten', 'Palmitic Acids', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Plant Oils', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polysorbates', 'Protein Binding', 'Solvents', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Time Factors', 'Water']

[['D02.092.710', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.850', 'D04.615.638.850'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D10.251.500.410'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D12.644.050.550', 'D12.776.543.695.054.550', 'D20.888.065.115.580', 'D23.946.833.065.115.580'], ['D10.251.694'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.690', 'D05.750.741.700', 'D25.720.741.700', 'J01.637.051.720.741.700'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D27.720.877'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Crohn's Disease Patients in Remission Display an Enhanced Intestinal IgM⁺ B Cell Count in Concert with a Strong Activation of the Intestinal Complement System.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term that comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both entities are characterized by a disturbed mucosal immune response and an imbalance of intestinal microbiota composition. The complement system (C) plays a critical role in the detection, and clearance of bacteria and dysregulation of single complement components has been linked to IBD. Here, we asked if the C contributes to distinct subtypes of inflammation observed in CD and UC. We performed systematical expression analyses of the intestinal C in IBD patients and controls. Immunohistochemistry or immunoblot experiments were performed to verify qPCR data. Activity of the three activation pathways of C was studied in sera samples. In CD patients a strong upregulation of the C was observed enabling the definition of unique expression patterns being associated either with remission or active disease. These data were reflected by an enhanced C activation in sera and fecal samples. An excessive mucosal presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and CR2/CD21 positive B cells in concert with decreased fecal IgA level was identified in CD patients in remission. These findings point to an exacerbated induction of the intestinal C that may potentially be involved in the etiology of CD.

['B-Lymphocytes', 'Complement Activation', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Crohn Disease', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Models, Immunological', 'Remission Induction', 'Up-Regulation']

[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G12.274'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['E02.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Relationship between airway microvascular leakage, edema, and baseline airway functions.

This study was designed to examine the relationship among microvascular leakage, edema, and baseline airway function. Microvascular leakage was induced in the airways of anesthetized, tracheostomized New Zealand White rabbits (n = 22) by using nebulized N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10 mg) and was measured in the trachea by using the Evans blue dye technique. Airway wall thickness was assessed morphometrically in the right main bronchus after Formalin fixation at a pressure of 25 cmH2O. Areas calculated included the mucosal wall area, the adventitial wall area, the total wall area, and the percentage of total wall area consisting of blood vessels. A neutrophil count was also performed by analyzing numbers of cells in both the mucosal wall area and the adventitial wall area. Airway function was assessed before and 30 min after challenge with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine by determining airway resistance, functional residual capacity, specific airway resistance, and flow-volume and pressure-volume curves (after paralysis of the animals with suxamethonium). The concentration of Evans blue dye in tracheal tissue ranged from 31.3 to 131.2 micrograms. There was a significant correlation between this concentration and both the adventitial wall area (P < 0.01) and mucosal neutrophil numbers (P < 0.005). There was no correlation between Evans blue concentration and either blood vessel area or changes in respiratory physiology parameters before and after challenge. There was no significant difference between any respiratory physiology measurements before and after challenge. We conclude that an increase in microvascular leakage correlates with airway edema in the adventitia; however, these airway changes have no significant effect on airway elastic or resistive properties.

['Air Pressure', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood-Air Barrier', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Rabbits', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Mechanics']

[['G16.500.750.274.100', 'N06.230.300.100.185.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A04.411.715.200', 'A07.020'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['C08.381.742'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['G09.772.705.700']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Hospital treatment of child-tourists at the Pula Medical Center 1983-1988].

During the 6-year period, 687 children-tourists, aged up to 12 years, were treated at the departments of the Medical Center of Pula; on average 114.5 (standard deviation +/- 17.79) children per year. There were 449 (65.4%) patients from different parts of Yugoslavia and 238 (24.6%) from abroad. Two hundred and fifty-four (37.9%) patients were treated at the Department of Paediatrics 231 (33.7%) at the Department of Surgery, 168 (24.4%) at the Department of Infectious Diseases, then 30 (4.4%) at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, 3 female patients (0.4%) at the Department of Gynecology and only one boy was treated at the Department of Ophthalmology. There were 22 (3.2%) newborns, 48 (7%) infants, 143 (20.8%) were one to three years old, then 130 (18.9%) were 4 to six years old and 344 (50.1%) older than 7 years. During the 6-year period, children-tourists accounted for 5.1% of the hospitalized children. 81.3% of the patients were treated during June, July and August, the peak being in July (39%). The most frequent diseases were from the group "infectious and parasitic diseases" (188 patients = 27.4%) and among them "diarrheal syndrome" in 82% of patients, then the group "injuries and poisons" (140 patients 20.4%) among which there were 57 (40.4%) superficial injuries, contusions and open wounds, then in 33 (23.5%) patients different fractures; in this group 10% of children were poisoned mostly by drugs (sedatives and tranquilizers) used by their parents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Travel', 'Yugoslavia']

[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['I03.883'], ['Z01.586.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Competitive PCR quantification of CD4, CD8, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MHC class II mRNA in the central nervous system during development and resolution of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

We used competitive polymerase chain reaction to quantify messenger RNA for the lymphocyte antigens CD4 and CD8, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and the MHC class II I-A molecule in the spinal cords of SJL/J mice at multiple times during the development and resolution of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). CD4 and CD8 were not quantifiable at baseline, became detectable at 5 days after immunization, and increased steadily to a peak during clinical disease. I-A increased after CD4 and CD8, but before onset of disease. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not increase until after onset of clinical disease. CD4, CD8, and I-A remained elevated long after recovery from disease. These results suggest that infiltration of CD4 and CD8 cells into the spinal cord and subsequent upregulation of I-A mRNA play an important role in the development of EAE, but reversal of these processes is not necessary for recovery. Upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA does not appear to be important for development of disease.

['Animals', 'CD4 Antigens', 'CD8 Antigens', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Mice', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.108', 'D23.101.100.894.108'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

[Application of next-generation sequencing technology for genetic diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To detect genetic causes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).METHODS: Next-generation sequencing was used to detect 6 DMD patients in whom no exonic deletions were detected by multiplex PCR. Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were used to confirm the results.RESULTS: One case was found to have deletions of exons 10 and 11, 1 had exons 16 and 17 duplication, 4 cases have 8 point mutations including c.2776C>T, c.5475delA, c.6391_6392delCA, IVS64+1G>A, c.2645A>G, c.5244G>A, c.7728T>C, c.8729A>T, c.8734A>G and c.8810G>A. The former 4 mutations are suspicious pathogenicity, the other 6 mutations are polymorphisms in population. Three novel mutations (IVS64+1G>A, c.6391_6392delCA (p.Q2131NfsX3) and p.Q926X (CAG>TAG) were not reported before.CONCLUSION: Next-generation sequencing technology is a useful tool for the detection of deletion, duplication and point mutation, which is valuable for clinical application.

['Adolescent', 'Base Sequence', 'Child', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']

[['M01.060.057'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C05.651.534.500.300', 'C10.668.491.175.500.300', 'C16.320.322.562', 'C16.320.577.300'], ['E05.393.760.700']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']