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You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
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Abstract:
Abstract Case report We describe the case of a 35 - year - old man who arrived in the Emergency Department with bilateral macular injury caused by accidental exposure to an industrial femtosecond laser . Discussion Workers operating industrial lasers must protect their eyes properly when handling these devices . Otherwise , retina damage may occur which usually is recoverable . However , sometimes this damage causes permanent visual loss . | permanent visual loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Summary Recent genetic findings in the Rett syndrome make it necessary to up - date the present therapeutic resources and the methodology used in its rehabilitation . General and specific objectives are explicitly established in the framework of a complete rehabilitation and the means to achieve them . These female children present a mixed picture in which orthopedic problems ( scoliosis , acquired luxation of the hip , equinus deformity , bone fractures ) , alterations in muscle tone , cognitive and speech problems stand out . Besides reviewing the therapeutic treatment of the serious neurological and behavior problems such as ataxia , apraxia , stereotypal movements , phonetic and respiratory problem , crying episodes , problems of personal autonomy , senso - perceptive problems , cognitive alterations and behavior problems . The clinical usefulness of different therapies is established : “muscular energy technique , ” “reflex creeping and reflex rolling of the Vojta therapy , ” “Bobath concept , ” stimulation of balance and weight transfer , progressive and repeated patterns , splints , transcutaneous electrical stimulation , increasing and alternative communication , music therapy , etc . The global objective is to establish an individualized program of teaching and therapy which , by maintaining the patients and their family in permanent contact and supervision with the specialized health care services of rehabilitation , improves the quality of life of these children and their families . | cognitive and speech problems
serious neurological and behavior problems
ataxia
apraxia
problems of personal autonomy
senso - perceptive problems
cognitive alterations
behavior problems |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objective . Colombia is facing a rising epidemic of intravenous heroin use . Knowledge of the methadone - assisted treatment programs in the country is crucial in order to propose improvement strategies . Methods . 13 programmes from priority regions were surveyed . The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients attending the programs , a description of the services offered , their methadone treatment protocols , the various barriers to treatment and the causes of treatment abandonment were reviewed . Results . 12/13 questionnaires were analysed with a total of 538 active patients . Most of the patients attending these programs were men ( 85 .5% ) between 18 and 34 years - old ( 70% ) . Forty percent ( 40% ) were intravenous drug users and 25% admitted sharing needles . The comorbidities associated with heroin use were mental illness ( 48% ) , hepatitis C ( 8 .7% ) and HIV ( 2% ) . Psychiatric comorbidity was more likely in patients attending the private sector ( 69 .8% vs 29 .7% ; p<0 .03 ) . The initial average dose of methadone administered was 25 .3±8 .9mg/day , with a maintenance dose ranging from 41 to 80mg/day . Lack of alignment with primary care was perceived to be the most serious barrier to access , ahead of problems with insurance and prejudice towards treatment with methadone ( p<0 .05 ) . Health Administration and insurance problems ( p<0 .003 ) , together with the lack of availability of methadone ( p<0 .018 ) and relapse ( p<0 .014 ) were the most important reasons for abandonment of treatment . Conclusions . The treatment protocols of these programmes offer different levels of development and implementation . Some of the barriers to access and reasons for abandonment of treatment with methadone can be mitigated with better health administration . | mental illness |
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Abstract:
Primary varicella - zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications . The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions , laryngitis and varicella pneumonia . In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis . We describe a case of primary varicella - zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5 - year - old girl with mental retardation , microcephalia and mild diplegia who , in the context of varicella infection , presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration . Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria . The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration . Evolution was favorable with no renal failure . Rhabdomyolysis can produce life - threatening complications such as renal failure , intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia . The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion , compression injury and generalized seizures . Infectious etiology is less common . Few reports have been published on primary varicella - zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but , because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection , very mild cases might have been under - diagnosed . Despite its rarity , this disease should be considered in cases of infection , since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications . | mental retardation |
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Abstract:
Objective The objective of this paper is to make a retrospective analysis in patients with glomus tumours of temporal bone origin . We present the results according to the surgical approach applied in each case . Patients and method This retrospective study presents the findings in 17 patients with diagnosis of glomus jugulare of the temporal bone , who were observed and treated in our department over a 5 - year period ( 1999 to 2004 ) . We performed a general otolaryngology exam , systemic evaluation and radiological exam . Surgical treatment was performed in 16 cases out of 17 . In 1 case treatment with stereotaxic surgery was performed . Results The surgical approaches were : retroauricular transcanal approach , radical or modified mastoidectomy through facial recess , and infratemporal fossa approach . Pre - operative embolization was used in 11 of our cases . In all cases the diagnosis of glomus tumour was confirmed . The most frequent post - operative complications found were : transitory paralysis of the facial nerve , sensorineural hearing loss , imbalance , paralysis of the IXth and XIth cranial nerves , and salivary fistula . No recurrences were found after 8 years of follow - up . One case of persistence was found in the case treated with radiosurgery . Conclusions In our series surgery was found as the elective therapy for patients with glomus tumour of the temporal bone with no recurrences after 8 years of follow - up . Pre - operative embolization diminishes surgery time and intraoperative bleeding . Stereotaxic therapy cannot provide tumour growth control . Complications are discussed and compared with the bibliography . | sensorineural hearing loss |
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Background Retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) is one of the most important causes of blindness in childhood . The introduction of diode laser has represented a significant advance in its treatment . The aim of the present study was to evaluate our results in the treatment of this entity after more than a decade of experience . Patients and methods One hundred eighty - two eyes in 92 premature infants with ROP treated with diode laser in the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet from 1992 to 2003 were studied . The characteristics of the population ( gestational age , birth weight , sex , stage and affected zone ) and treatment outcomes were analyzed . The change in the criteria indicating this treatment was also analyzed . Results In the treated population , mean gestational age ( 27 .9 weeks ) and birth weight ( 1015 .9 g ) were similar to those in other published studies . A favorable outcome was achieved in 169 of the 182 cases ( 92 .8 % ) . The change in criteria increased the proportion of favorable outcomes to 96 .1% . Discussion Diode laser therapy is currently the treatment of choice in ROP . This treatment , based on guidelines for earlier intervention , provide greater efficacy without increasing morbidity . | blindness |
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Abstract Introduction The presence of dysphagia has been associated to dehydration , nutritional disorders , pneumonia and even death of the patient , this having an affect on the health care costs . There are methods to detect dysphagia early based on evaluation of the clinical signs and methods that can be used at the bedside of the patient . Objectives To determine the utility of the evaluation of the clinical signs ( CS ) and the volume - viscosity test ( V - VST ) and evaluate their efficacy to detect risk of aspiration in the acute and subacute phase of stroke . Patients and method A retrospective evaluation of a cohort of 79 stroke patients was performed . We compared the clinical signs and V - VST with the results observed with the videofluoroscopy ( VFC ) . The variables that determine accuracy and overall value of a diagnostic method , that is , sensitivity , specificity , and positive ( PPV ) and negative ( NPP ) predictive values , were calculated . Results A sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 28 .8% was obtained for the Clinical Signs to detect severe dysphagia ( Aspiration ) . V - VST detected aspiration with 100% sensitivity and 13 .6% specificity . NPP was 62 .5% and 100% , respectively . Diagnostic accuracy was 0 .38 for clinical signs and 0 .48 for V - VST . Conclusion Using CS and V - VST for the evaluation of the dysphagic patient is a low - cost screening method that is easy to apply and highly sensitive . The V - VST offers a higher sensitivity , specificity and accuracy and makes it possible to modify the diet early and to decide whether instrumental assessment is indicated . | dysphagia
dysphagia
dysphagic patient |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
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Abstract Sudden deafness goes on being a clinical entity of unknown cause for which several theories and treatments have been proposed . We are reporting a comparative study of two different protocols that we have performed on 60 patients ( divided in two groups of 30 ) diagnosed and admitted with sudden hearing loss between 1989 and 2003 . The main goal is to prove if there is a statistical and significant difference among both , in respect of the audiologic improvement obtained , after two weeks of therapy at east . We have applied the normal approximation of Mann - Whitney´s test and we can argue , after its result , our current protocol ( piracetam , pentoxifiline , metilprednisolone ) , which includes 4 days of endovenous treatment another 10 days at home . The presence of vestibular symptoms darkens the prognosis since about 95% of the patients with them have not improved significantly ( p<0 .05 ) | Sudden deafness
sudden hearing loss |
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Abstract The aim of this study is evaluate the unusual ways of initial presentation of the vestibular schwannomas . We performed a retrospective study of the patients who underwent resection of acoustic neuromas in our service , including for analysis only the cases which initial symptom was not the hearing loss . Tumour size , localization , clinical presentation , and age of the patients were considered . Nine patients present with atypical symptoms . The most common complain in this group were facial paresthesias ( 22 .2% ) . None of them complained about other otological symptoms . Asignificant group of patients did not present with the otological symptoms classically associated with vestibular schwannoma . Clinical knowledge of these kinds of symptoms may lead to earlier detection of these lesions . | hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Introduction REM sleep behaviour disorder ( RBD ) is characterised by violent behaviours ( screaming , kicking , vivid dreams ) during REM sleep . It has a prevalence of 1% to 2% of the general population and is especially frequent in men and the population older than 60 . In the last decade , RBD has been suggested to be a prodrome of neurodegenerative disease . We analysed associated neurological diseases and responses to drug treatment in 33 patients with RBD treated in the multidisciplinary sleep disorders unit at Hospital Infanta Sofía . Patients and methods We conducted an observational descriptive retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with RBD and treated in our multidisciplinary sleep disorders unit between October 2012 and December 2015 . We recorded age , sex , associated diseases , and treatments administered to these patients . Results A total of 365 patients were attended at our unit , including 33 with RBD : 13 women ( 40% ) and 20 men ( 60% ) . Mean age was 62 .72 years . An associated disorder was identified in 48% , with the most common being mild cognitive impairment ( 69% ) . The percentage of patients with RBD and an associated disorder among patients older than 60 was 68% . Eighty - two percent of the patients required treatment . The most commonly used drug was clonazepam ( 76% ) , followed by melatonin ( 9% ) , gabapentin ( 6% ) , and trazodone ( 3% ) . Discussion In our series , 48% of the patients had an associated disorder . The likelihood of detecting an associated disorder increases with patients’ age . The vast majority of patients required drug treatment due to symptom severity ; the most frequently administered drug was clonazepam ( 76% ) . | REM sleep behaviour disorder
RBD
RBD
RBD
RBD
RBD
mild cognitive impairment
RBD |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Mucopolysaccharidoses ( MPS ) are a group of systemic diseases characterised by a genetic deficiency of lysosomal enzymes that cause the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in different tissues . The onset of symptoms usually occurs in early childhood , causing problems of otitis media , hearing loss and airway obstruction in the ENT area . Objective Describing the audiological findings and airway pathology found in 9 children diagnosed as having MPS . Methods A retrospective review was performed of the clinical and audiological findings , exploratory results and therapeutic ENT procedures for 9 children diagnosed with MPS in an ENT service at a tertiary paediatric public centre in the period 2007–2010 . Results Subtypes found were 4 MPS type I , 2 moderate MPS type II , 1 severe MPS type II , 1 MPS type IV and 1 MPS type VI . All patients presented chronic middle ear effusions . A child developed mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss ; another case was diagnosed as mixed hearing loss . The remaining auditory pattern was moderate bilateral conductive hearing loss . Four patients showed secondary obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome ( OSAHS ) due to Waldeyer ring hyperplasia ; surgery could not be performed on one of them because of cervical spinal cord compression from mucopolysaccharide deposits . In 2 cases , there was OSAHS relapse . Conclusions Children with MPS are at increased risk for developing sensorineural hearing loss . The OSAHS syndrome appears in greater proportion than in the general child population , and recurrences may occur more frequently after surgery . Such children can also be risk patients in airway management . | hearing loss
mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
mixed hearing loss
moderate bilateral conductive hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
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Abstract:
The purpose of this work is to present the approach to mental disorders in Moroccan patients from a sociocultural perspective . The anthropology of health and ethno - psychiatry will allow us to analyze the concepts of health and disease . From the Moroccan cosmovision we will analyze the alternative treatments and their association with other therapeutic models . | mental disorders |
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Abstract:
Background . Orbital cellulitis is an infectious disease that is very common in pediatric patients , in which severe complications may develop . Etiological agents related to this disease are Haemophilus influenzae B , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis , 95% of the cases . Streptococcus beta - hemolytic and anaerobic microorganisms may also be present and cause <5% of the cases . We present an uncommon case of orbital cellulitis complicated by a subperiosteal abscess caused Streptococcus pyogenes . Case Report . A 9 - year - old male patient with a history of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity disorder since he was five years old . His illness started with erythema on the outer edge of the right eye , increase in the peri - orbicular volume with limitation of eyelid opening , progression to proptosis , pain with eye movements and conjunctival purulent discharge . Image studies reported a subperiosteal and pre - septal right abscess with extraocular cellulitis . Empirical antibiotic treatment was started , surgical drainage was performed , and Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from the culture of the obtained purulent material . Conclusions . Due to the implementation of vaccination schemes against H . influenza and S . pneumoniae since the 90s , the cases by these pathogens have decreased , causing new bacteria to take place as the cause of the infection . The importance of considering S . pyogenes as an etiology of orbital cellulitis comes from its rapid progression to abscess formation , and the few cases described in the literature . | attention deficit disorder
hyperactivity disorder |
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Abstract:
Abstract Susac’s syndrome is an extremely rare clinical manifestation characterized by the triad of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss , sudden visual loss and encephalopathy . Probably subdiagnosed , it affects young women who start the clinical history with headache , visual and hearing disturbances , with neurological findings in MRI . With unknown aetiology , pathogenesis is based on arteriolar microinfarcts in retina , cochlea , and grey and white matter in the brain . Treatment is , as stated in the bibliography and our experience , intravenous high doses of steroids followed by oral steroids together with hyperbaric oxygen to minimize ischaemic lesions . Aspirin associatet to nimodipin has been useful to date in the treatment of our patient . We present a case and review the existing literature . | fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss
sudden visual loss
visual and hearing disturbances |
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Abstract:
Sudden deafness owing to labyrinth hemorrhage is a relatively rare clinical entity ; labyrinth hemorrhage may be the only demonstrable finding in neuroimaging studies performed for sudden deafness , whether as an isolated finding or associated with labyrinthitis , manifesting as labyrinth hyperintensity in T1 - weighted MRI sequences without enhancement after contrast administration . We present a case in which cochlear hemorrhage caused sudden deafness in a previously asymptomatic 22 - year - old woman . We review the literature and evaluate the role of the presence of hyperintensity in cranial MRI . | Sudden deafness
sudden deafness
sudden deafness |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Deafblindness is a unique disability characterized by multisensory deprivation of auditory and visual systems . Most of deafblind patients have sensory residuary capacities that may become a fundamental tool in rehabilitation if they can be used as an advantage correctly . We proposed auditory evoked potentials ( AEP ) as a useful alternative to identify objectively auditory residuary capacities in deafblind patients . Six subjects ( mean age : 13 years ) with congenital deafblindness , brain damage and severe to profound hearing losses were included in this study . All cases were evaluated ( air conduction ) with click auditory brainstem response ( ABR ) and multiple auditory steady state response ( MSSR ) as a combination of 4 carrier tones amplitude modulated ( 95 % depth ) of 0 .5 , 1 , 2 and 4 kHz . Both AEP were recorded using the AUDIX system . We have found residual hearing in all the patients even in those which no click ABR was recorded at the maximum stimulation levels . The MSSR provides additional information about the contourand degree of the existing hearing impairment . The lowest difference between ABR and MSSR mean thresholds was at 4 kHz , and the largest was at 0 .5 kHz . AEP are reliable techniques for objective evaluation of hearing in deafblind patients . The MSSR evaluated more precisely the residual hearing and may provide a potential advantage over click ABR for the audiometric thresholds estimation in deafblind patients with severe or profound hearing losses . | Deafblindness
multisensory deprivation of auditory and visual systems
deafblind
deafblind
congenital deafblindness
severe to profound hearing losses
hearing impairment
deafblind
deafblind
severe or profound hearing losses |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract The latest scientific literature considers early diagnosis of deafness as the key element to define the educational and inclusive prognosis of the deaf child , because it allows taking advantage of the critical period of development ( 0–4 years ) . Highly significant differences exist between deaf people who have been stimulated early and those who have received late or improper intervention . Early identification of late - onset disorders requires special attention and knowledge on the part of every childcare professional . Programmes and additional actions beyond neonatal screening should be designed and planned to ensure that every child with a significant hearing loss is detected early . For this purpose , the CODEPEH would like to highlight the need for continuous monitoring of children's auditory health . Consequently , CODEPEH has drafted the recommendations included in the present document . | deafness
deaf
deaf
significant hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objectives To determine morbidity at 2 years’ corrected age in a cohort of neonates with a birth weight of less than 1 , 500 g born in 1999 - 2000 in a tertiary hospital in the Autonomous Community of Madrid . Patients and methods An observational longitudinal follow - up study was performed in a cohort of 213 infants with a birth weight of < 1 , 500 g . Of these , 188 ( 87 % ) completed the 2 - year follow - up . Various types of neurosensorial disability were studied , paying special attention to the main impairments : vision , hearing and motor impairment , and low development quotient . Results Among the patients initially included in the study , 87% completed the follow - up ; 17 .1 % had one or more major sequela . We found one case ( 0 .4 % ) of bilateral neurosensorial deafness and one case of bilateral blindness . At the age of 2 years , 5 .8 % ( 11/188 ) had cerebral palsy , 14 .9% had a development quotient below 85 and 18 % had not reached the 3rd percentile for weight . Factors of poor neurological prognosis were subnormal head size at the age of 2 years and white matter disease ( including persistent intraparenchymal periventricular echodensity and ventriculomegaly or irregular shape ) as ultrasound findings . Conclusions Less than a fifth of the very low birth weight infants presented severe sequelae at 2 years of follow - up . Factors of poor neurological prognosis were subnormal head size at 2 years and the presence of white matter disease on ultrasonography . The findings on growth and development were worrying , since 18 % of the patients had not reached the 3rd percentile for weight at 2 years’ corrected age . | neurosensorial disability
vision , hearing and motor impairment
bilateral neurosensorial deafness
bilateral blindness
cerebral palsy |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Sensorineural hearing loss has a high incidence in our population ; as a matter of fact , 50 % of people above 75 years of age suffer this impairment . Due to the advances in the devices to alleviate this condition and their verified efficacy , it is now appropriate to review the indications for these devices and provide a detailed description of the audioprosthetic systems used . These systems can be classified as external non - implantable devices ( hearing aids ) and implantable prostheses . The latter can be sub - divided into active implants in the external ear or middle ear , cochlear implants , and auditory brainstem implants ( ABI ) . Indications for each group are determined by the type and location of the underlying condition as well as by the anatomic , functional , and social characteristics of each patient . It must be stressed that the selection and monitoring of the treatment is up to the specialist . Generally speaking , an attempt is made to facilitate the integration of the hypoacusic patients to their sound setting by enhancing their understanding of the spoken word and restoring binaurality , while at the same time , seeking to retain the plasticity of central auditory routes through the stimulation provided by any of these systems . In the course of this review , we refer to newly - emerging indications in both the field of cochlear implants ( bimodal stimulation , implantation in patients with residual hearing , bilateral implants , etc ) and in the area of ABI in patients with tumoural disease previously treated with radiosurgery or patients with non - tumour pathologies presenting malformations or bilateral cochlear ossification . | Sensorineural hearing loss
hypoacusic |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract —A new case of cardio - facio - cutaneous syndrome is reported , with particular reference to the presence of typical lesions of _acanthosis nigricans_ in the axillae . The patient is a 17 - year - old male presenting general features of mild mental retardation , anomalies in the craniofacial phenotype and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . At the cutaneous level , he presented disseminated follicular hyperkeratosis with cicatricial alopecia in the eyebrows , multiple pigmented nevi , acanthosis _nigricans_ in the axillae and curly hair . | mild mental retardation |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is considered the most common cause of blindness in the working - age population in industrialised countries , with diabetic macular oedema being the most common reason of decreased visual acuity in diabetics . According to the results of large multicentre studies , blindness prevention for RD involves conducting periodic check - ups , which include examinations of the back of the eye , so they can be treated in time . The use of non - mydriatic cameras and telemedicine have been shown to be useful in this regard ( sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 90% ) . If this procedure is followed , the first retinography should be performed 5 years from diagnosis in type 1 diabetics and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetics . Therefore the role of the Primary Care physician is crucial to enable early diagnosis of this disease . | blindness
blindness |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Introduction Based on the levels of visual disability reported by World Health Organization , has been prepared the National Campaign for Amblyopia and Strabismus in Mexico , with the Mexican Center of Strabismus , the Mexican Society of Ophthalmology , and the Mexican Council of Ophthalmology , with the objective of establishing a screening program in amblyopia in the general population . Method A public screening program was designed in 4 phases , from the program and organization of sites , a preparatory course , to the analysis of results , from May 2016 to January 2017 . Results Ninety sites were organized in Mexico , 1 , 028 people were studied , aged 17 .4±19 years , 727 were children aged 6 .7±3 years . Several alerts were obtained that demonstrate the problematic and the requirements of public health . Conclusions The high levels of visual disability in the world population requires better strategies , as demonstrated by the National Campaign for Amblyopia in Mexico . It has to be considered a permanent information to the public , facilitating access to the first - level medical service ; promoting early care of vulnerable groups ; medical actualization ; communication with health leaders that generates cost - effective strategies for early detection and treatment , controlled by laws that results in the reduction of visual disability . Fourteen Iberomerican countries joined the campaign because finally the causes of amblyopia are the same , the lack of information is repeated , and the numbers of disability increase . | visual disability
visual disability
visual disability |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract In the context of the limitations of structural imaging , brain perfusion and metabolism using SPECT and PET have provided relevant information for the study of cognitive decline . The introduction of the radiotracers for cerebral amyloid imaging has changed the diagnostic strategy regarding Alzheimer's disease , which is currently considered to be a “continuum .” According to this new paradigm , the increasing amyloid load would be associated to the preclinical phase and mild cognitive impairment . It has been possible to observe “in vivo” images using 11C - PIB and PET scans . The characteristics of the 11C - PIB image include specific high brain cortical area retention in the positive cases with typical distribution pattern and no retention in the negative cases . This , in combination with 18F - FDG PET , is the basis of molecular neuroimaging as a biomarker . At present , its prognostic value is being evaluated in longitudinal studies . 11C - PIB - PET has become the reference radiotracer to evaluate the presence of cerebral amyloid . However , its availability is limited due to the need for a nearby cyclotron . Therefore , 18F labeled radiotracers are being introduced . Our experience in the last two years with 11C - PIB , first in the research phase and then as being clinically applied , has shown the utility of the technique in the clinical field , either alone or in combination with FDG . Thus , amyloid image is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of dementia and it is a potentially useful method for early diagnosis and evaluation of future treatments . | cognitive decline
mild cognitive impairment
dementia |
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Abstract Introduction We report the case of a 14 - year - old girl with mental retardation and dysmorphic features referred to child psychiatry because of altered behavior at school . Material and methods Karyotyping ( GTG banding ) , _in situ_ fluorescent hybridization ( FISH ) and molecular study of parental origin by polymorphic STS were performed . Results Genetic study revealed a 48 , XXXX karyotype with a maternal origin of the X - tetrasomy . The mechanism was successive non - dysjunction at meiosis I and II . Conclusions The interest of this case lies in the rarity of the chromosomal anomaly and its late diagnosis , leading to a failure to adapt the girl's education to her needs , with consequences for her psyche . | mental retardation |
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Abstract Dementia is a syndrome characterized by acquired cognitive deficit , or behavioral syntoms that interfere with the ability to function at work or at usual activities . Its prevalence increases with age , and in those aged >65 years ranges between 5 - 14 , 9% , and progressive aging of the population predicts a significant increase in it . Globally the most common cause is Alzheimer disease . In addition to age , several genetic and environmental factors that increase the risk of developing dementia . Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria . The initial evaluation intends to detect cognitive impairment , to determine the decline from previous levels of functioning and to rule out other entities that may present with cognitive complaints . Dementia is usually divided into primary and secondary categories . Ancillary tests are used to rule out the latter . | Dementia
acquired cognitive deficit
dementia
cognitive impairment
Dementia |
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Iodine is a trace element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones . Iodine deficiency is especially worrying in neonates , who must synthesize sufficient thyroid hormones to meet their hormonal requirements , since formula preparations for premature and term infants do not always contain adequate iodine . Worldwide , the main cause of hypothyroxinemia is iodine deficiency , which in turn is the main preventible cause of mental retardation and cerebral palsy . | mental retardation
cerebral palsy |
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Abstract We present a male patient with photosensitivity since the earliest months of his life , and pigmented macules in exposed areas , some showing clinical atypia , which increased in number over time . Molecular biology studies detected an alteration in DNA repair ability , so xeroderma pigmentosum was diagnosed . Shortly after birth , low weight , microcephaly and psychomotor retardation had been observed , but the cause was not established . The patient progressively showed neurological disorders that included perceptive deafness , hyporeflexia and areflexia , as well as choreoathetotic movements . Therefore , we felt that the patient's symptoms fit De Sanctis - Cacchione syndrome . | psychomotor retardation
perceptive deafness |
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Abstract Background The Prader - Willi syndrome ( PWS ) is a disease of genetic origin . It is characterized by neonatal hypotonia , hypogonadism , hiperfagia leading to obesity , low stature , developmental delay , moderate mental retardation , abnormal behavior and characteristic facial appearance . It is caused by the loss or the inactivation of paternal genes of the imprinted region 15q11 - 13 . There are different genetic causes : paternal 15q11 - q13 deletion in 70% of patients , maternal uniparental disomy in the 20 - 25% and less than 5% have an imprinting defect . We present the results obtained in the transverse clinical - genetic study of 77 PWS patients . Patients and methods There has been realized the study of 374 suspected PWS patients . Cytogenetics studies of bands G and hybridization in situ fluorescent ( FISH ) and molecular genetics analysis of microsatellites , Southern blot , MS - PCR and sequenciation were carried out . Holm's criteria use for the correlation phenotype - genotype in 48 patients . Results PWS was confirmed in 77 patients , 46 deletion , 16 uniparental disomy , two imprinting defect and 13 only PWS methylation pattern . Significant differences do not observe in the correlation phenotype - genotype . Conclusions The frequencies of the molecular alterations , 71 .87 % deletion , 25 % UPD and 3 .12 % DI , they are similar to described in the literature . It presents the algorithm of diagnosis used with the MS - PCR as rapid technology to confirm PWS . | developmental delay
moderate mental retardation
abnormal behavior |
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Abstract Introduction and objectives To assess the improvement of quality of life in osseointegrated implanted patients , taking into account the indication as well as the use of the implant , and the presence of pre - and postoperative tinnitus . Methods Sixty - nine patients implanted between June 2004 and November 2010 were included . The average age of the patients was 40 years . The instruments used to quantify the change in quality of life were the Glasgow Benefit Inventory and a questionnaire including open questions , bone anchored hearing aid ( BAHA ) use , change in tinnitus and postoperative pain . Results The average total benefit score with the Glasgow Benefit Inventory was 38 , and the general , social , and physical scores were 51 , 15 and 7 , respectively . There was no significant association between sex , age and bilaterality or unilaterality of the process with quality of life . Nevertheless , there were significantly better results in patients with conductive hearing loss than in those with unilateral deafness , and the results were positive although in both groups . The tinnitus rate went from 37 .5 to 20 .8% following BAHA , with this difference being significant . Conclusions Our results show that the use of BAHA is associated with a great improvement in quality of life for patients with conductive hearing loss , whereas indications in unilateral deafness have to be individually studied . Moreover , the study shows that BAHA has a positive effect upon tinnitus . | conductive hearing loss
unilateral deafness
conductive hearing loss
unilateral deafness |
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The association of nervous system with skin is well documented . Many common psychiatric disorders can involve skin either directly or indirectly . We found an association of 13 primary psychiatric disorders leading to dermatological diseases , with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic . Association of the mind and body has long been studied . Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms , however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms . On the contrary , many primary psychiatric illnesses appear to have associated skin disorders . | common psychiatric disorders
primary psychiatric disorders
primary psychiatric illnesses |
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Objective To determine the prevalence and profiles of people with advanced chronic diseases in Primary Care and to analyse the elements related to their mortality in order to orient strategies for improvement in this level of care . Design An observational , analytical and prospective study during 3 years conducted on a cohort of patients with palliative needs . Location Three Primary Care teams of Osona ( Catalonia ) . Participants A total of 251 people identified as advanced patients using a systematic population - based strategy that included the NECPAL tool . Main measurements Basic demographic and clinical profile ( age , gender , type of residence , health stratification level and main disease ) ; date , place , and cause of eventual deaths . Results 1% of the adult Primary Care population suffer from advanced diseases , of which 56 .6% are women , and with a median age of 85 years . Dementia or advanced frailty is observed in 49 .3% , and only 13 .7% have cancer . Just under one - quarter ( 24 .3% ) live in nursing homes . The accumulated mortality at 3 years is 62 .1% , with a median survival of 23 months . Factors significantly associated with the likelihood of dying are cancer , female gender , and over - aging . Patients died at their home ( 47 .3% ) , in an intermediate care hospital ( 37 .2% ) , or in an acute care hospital ( 15 .5% ) , depending on certain explanatory factors . Conclusions The prevalence and characteristics of advanced community - based disease coincide with that reported in the literature . Potentially , Primary Care is the reference level of care for these patients , especially if it incorporates nursing homes as a usual field of practice . | Dementia |
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Abstract The auditory training with wide - band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss . It is based on the application of a wide - band modified noise which we will call "K - noise" . The auditory trainer GAES 100 KT is a voice amplifier device with earphone outlets . It incorporates a wide - band noise generator which produces a noise that is a mixture of all the audibles frequencies . Therefore , it estimulates all the sensory cells in the organ of Corti , but from 1000 Hz it has a progressive fall towards the high pitch of 6 db per octave . This device consists of a series of controls which make possible to apply both the noise and the phonetic materials - texts and words lists that the therapist´s voice presents - to either one of the ears or to both of them , in diffferent intensities and for different periods of time . In this first article of our study of the auditory training with wide - band white noise we will review the different methods of hearing training and present not only the basic concepts on auditory training , but also the systematic we have followed to apply it . | hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract Objective To describe growth and neurodevelopmental status of 4 , 944 children who completed a follow - up at two years of corrected age out of the 10 , 456 newborns with weight ≤ 1500 g born between the years 2002 - 2007 and discharged from hospitals within the network SEN1500 . A total of 522 newborns were excluded as they had some type of malformation . The total number of children assessed represents the 49 .76% of children discharged alive and without malformations . Methods A retrospective review was conducted using prospectively collected data in the SEN1500 database . We compared growth data at two years of corrected age according to birth weight and sex . Motor impairment , incidence of cerebral palsy , visual and hearing disabilities , and abnormal neurodevelopment for gestational age were analysed between groups . We studied the associations between cerebral palsy ( CP ) and perinatal factors . Results At 2 years of age 44 .2% of children had a weight < 2 SD for corrected age . Children with birth weight ≤ 1000 g showed worse outcomes in growth . Some type of motor impairment was observed in 6 .96% of the infants , and 4 .56% of them were diagnosed with CP . The incidence was higher among males with birth weight ≤ 1000g . There was an incidence of 5 .21% of visual disability , with 0 .5% of children being blind in one or both eyes . Cerebral palsy was associated with retinopathy of prematurity , severe intraventricular haemorrhage , and periventricular leukomalacia , in particular cystic periventricular leukomalacia . | Motor impairment
cerebral palsy
visual and hearing disabilities
cerebral palsy
CP
motor impairment
CP
visual disability
blind
Cerebral palsy |
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Summary Xanthogranulomas of the choroids plexus ( XG ) are benign tumours of debatable etiology which become rarely symptomatic . Only few cases have been studied with MRI . A new case of xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle showing unusual features in the CT and MRI studies in a 47 - year - old man with a 2 - month history of gait and urinary disturbances and cognitive impairment is reported . The literature concerning clinical and neuroradiological presentation of intracranial xanthogranulomas is reviewed . | gait and urinary disturbances
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract A69 - year - old woman presented with a one - year history of dysphagia and a hard overgrowth of the right palatine tonsil visible in oral examination . Computerized Tomography scan showed a big calcified lesion inside the tonsil not seen in a pharyngoscopy . Tonsillectomy was performed and a giant tonsillolith was found inside the resected piece . The calculus was 3x2x2 .3 cm and with an irregular - pyramidal shape . Normal tonsillar tissue with many colonies of Actionomyces inside the tonsillar crypts was the definitive pathological feature . | dysphagia |
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Abstract Lennox - Gastaut syndrome is a childhood epileptic encephalopathy , and is characterized by frequent and difficult to treat seizures associated with mental retardation . The case is presented of a 21 year - old male with Lennox - Gastaut syndrome , with bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation fracture at C6 - C7 and spinal canal compression as a result of a fall during a seizure . In this case the management of the difficult airway expected in an awake and uncooperative patient , with cervical spinal cord injury is described . An airway management strategy was proposed , that allowed a rapid and safe airway control with the best possible tolerance and maintaining the neck immobilised , so as not to increase neurological injury . Within this strategy , plan A was defined as inhalation induction with sevoflurane to maintain spontaneous breathing and tracheal intubation with Airtraq® . We believe that the Airtraq® video laryngoscope with inhalational induction with sevoflurane is a valid and effective alternative in the management of expected difficult airway . | mental retardation |
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Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis ( TEN ) is an exfoliative skin disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate . Its pathophysiology is similar to that of superficial burn injuries . Treatment and optimal care of these patients are best performed in Intensive Care Burn Units , with special attention to fluid resuscitation , respiratory support , early identification of sings of sepsis , and immunosuppresive therapy with cyclosporin A . Approach to the treatment of TEN is multidisciplinary , and there is a central and fundamental role of nursing care , particularly in the identification of signs of hypovolemia , respiratory failure , infection and pain . Among the specific care required by these patients is the care of mucosal surfaces , to prevent serious sequelae such as blindness . Specialized nursing care of patients with TEN contributes to an increase in the survival rate and a decrease in the incidence of complications . | blindness |
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Introduction People with severe mental disorder have significant difficulties in everyday life that involve the need for continued support . These needs are not easily measurable with the currently available tools . Therefore , a multidimensional scale that assesses the different levels of need for care is proposed , including a study of its psychometric properties . Method One - hundred and thirty - nine patients ( 58% men ) with a severe mental disorder were assessed using the Required Care Levels for People with Severe Mental Disorder Assessment Scale ( ENAR - TMG ) , the Camberwell Assessment of Need scale , and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales . ENAR - TMG's psychometric features were examined by : a ) evaluating 2 sources of validity evidence ( evidence based on internal structure and evidence based on relations to other variables ) , and b ) estimating the internal consistency , temporal stability , inter - rater reliability , and sensitivity to change of scores of the ENAR - TMG's subscales . Results Exploratory factor analyses revealed a one - factor structure for each of the theoretical dimensions of the scale , in which all but one showed a significant and positive correlation with the Camberwell Assessment of Need ( range of r : 0 .143 - 0 .557 ) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales ( range of r : 0 .241 - 0 .474 ) scales . ENAR - TMG subscale scores showed acceptable internal consistency ( range of ordinal α coefficients : 0 .682 - 0 .804 ) , excellent test - retest ( range of intraclass correlation coefficients : 0 .889 - 0 .999 ) and inter - rater reliabilities ( range of intraclass correlation coefficients : 0 .926 - 0 .972 ) , and satisfactory sensitivity to treatment - related changes ( range of η2 : 0 .003 - 0 .103 ) . Conclusions The satisfactory psychometric behaviour of the ENAR - TMG makes the scale a promising tool to assess global functioning in people with a severe mental disorder . | severe mental disorder
significant difficulties in everyday life that involve the need for continued support
severe mental disorder
severe mental disorder |
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Introduction . We aim to describe the use of emergency electroencephalogram ( EmEEG ) by the on - call neurologist when nonconvulsive status epilepticus ( NCSE ) is suspected , and in other indications , in a tertiary hospital . Subjects and methods . Observational retrospective cohort study of emergency EEG ( EmEEG ) recordings with 8 - channel systems performed and analysed by the on - call neurologist in the emergency department and in - hospital wards between July 2013 and May 2015 . Variables recorded were sex , age , symptoms , first diagnosis , previous seizure and cause , previous stroke , cancer , brain computed tomography , diagnosis after EEG , treatment , patient progress , routine control EEG ( rEEG ) , and final diagnosis . We analysed frequency data , sensitivity , and specificity in the diagnosis of NCSE . Results . The study included 135 EEG recordings performed in 129 patients ; 51 .4% were men and their median age was 69 years . In 112 cases ( 83% ) , doctors ruled out suspected NCSE because of altered level of consciousness in 42 ( 37 .5% ) , behavioural abnormalities in 38 ( 33 .9% ) , and aphasia in 32 ( 28 .5% ) . The EmEEG diagnosis was NCSE in 37 patients ( 33% ) , and this was confirmed in 35 ( 94 .6% ) as the final diagnosis . In 3 other cases , NCSE was the diagnosis on discharge as confirmed by rEEG although the EmEEG missed this condition at first . EmEEG performed to rule out NCSE showed 92 .1% sensitivity , 97 .2% specificity , a positive predictive value of 94 .6% , and a negative predictive value of 96% . Conclusions . Our experience finds that , in an appropriate clinical context , EmEEG performed by the on - call neurologist is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing NCSE . | behavioural abnormalities
aphasia |
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Abstract A 36 year - old woman , with mechanical neck and left shoulder pain radiating to the arm , 4th and 5th fingers of the left hand , with a chronic and modest loss of strength and sensitivity . No loss of hearing ; no urinary or cardiological symptoms . Physical Examination : Ears , hair implantation and neck length normal . Pain on palpation of vertebral spine apophyses and neck muscles . A decrease in tactile sensitivity and painful in the left hand cubital area , 4th and 5th fingers . Rx Spinal Column : Fusion of vertebrae C3 - C4 y C7 - D1 . NMR Spinal Column : Fusion of vertebrae C2 - C3 y T1 - T2 . EMG : signs of median nerve trapping in Carpal Tunnel . Diagnosis : Klippel - Feil Syndrome . Klippel - Feil Syndrome is a rare congenital disease of the group of craniocervical hinge malformation , which consists of the fusion of two or more vertebrae . It is occasionally associated with genitourinary system , nerve , cardiopulmonary defects and hearing loss . | loss of hearing
hearing loss |
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Abstract:
We present and review a case of evident comorbidity , not only psychiatric but also neurologic and substance abuse disorder , in an adult patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
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Abstract The unilateral neglect syndrome is defined as the inability or difficulty to identify , refer , orient or respond to stimuli presented contralaterally to a brain injury in the absence of elementary sensory or motor disorders . This syndrome is often associated with right parietal lesions , and the most frequent manifestations are attentional disturbances , perceptual deficits and somatosensorial disabilities . We present the case of a 64 - year old male suffering from an acute ischemic stroke affecting the complete territory of the right middle cerebral artery . After the stroke , the patient had severe motor and functional deficits , associated with an intense attentional deficit in the context of a left unilateral neglect . We carried out a longitudinal study using the Behavioral Inattentional Test to measure the clinical course during a one - year follow - up . Our goal has been to show the sequence of clinical , cognitive and functional changes as well as the response of cases having similar severity to our case presented herein to specific rehabilitation programs . | elementary sensory or motor disorders
attentional disturbances
perceptual deficits
somatosensorial disabilities
severe motor and functional deficits
intense attentional deficit |
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Abstract Introduction This study analyzed the effectiveness of an individual , delimited , semi - structured reminiscence program as an intervention strategy to reduce depressive symptomatology in a population of Portuguese old people . Material and methods A semi - structured reminiscence program was developed in 5 individual sessions . The program's impact on depressive symptomatology was tested in 90 subjects aged over 65 years with depressive symptoms , no antidepressive medication , and no signs of dementia . In a randomized experimental design , participants were assigned to one of 3 groups : _a ) _ experimental group ( exposed to the program ) ; _b ) _ control group , or _c ) _ placebo - control group ( with weekly relaxation sessions ) . Pre and post - test score differences in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES - D ) ( adapted by Gonçalves and Fagulha , 2000 - 2001 , from the original developed by Radloff , 1977 ) , were analyzed in all participants at the same time intervals . Results In the experimental group , significant improvements were found in depressive symptomatology ( t [29]=19 .70 , _p_ <0 .01 ) ; the mean values decreased from 39 .87 ( standard deviation [SD]=7 .90 ) to 13 .60 ( SD=5 .14 ) . In the control group , a significant increase in depressive symptomatology was observed ( z=−2 .83 ; _p_ <0 .001 ) ; the mean values rose from 30 .93 ( SD=7 .07 ) to 34 .10 ( SD=8 .76 ) . In the placebo - control group , depressive symptomatology was reduced ( t [29]=2 , 52 ; _p_ <0 .05 ) from 33 .967 ( SD=7 .37 ) to 30 .57 ( SD=9 .94 ) , although the difference was less significant than that observed in the experimental group . Conclusions The results suggest that elaboration of positive and negative autobiographical memories , stimulation of instrumental and integrative reminiscences and narration of specific and positive autobiographical memories using the reminiscence program , as designed and analyzed in this study , may be a tool for psychological intervention to reduce depressive symptomatology in old age . | dementia |
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Abstract Background Subjects with Down syndrome ( DS ) have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) . As intellectual ability is lower in DS subjects than among the general population , it is difficult to determine whether cognition has deteriorated with age to the point of fulfilling AD diagnostic criteria . The Mini - Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and the Severe Impairment Battery ( SIB ) are standard cognitive tests widely used to assess dementia in the general population . There are few studies using the MMSE and the SIB on subjects with DS where dementia is suspected . The aim of the present study was to analyse the appropriateness of the SIB and the MMSE in the cognitive assessment of aging subjects with DS . Methods The SIB and the MMSE were administered to 45 subjects with DS ( 16 with Alzheimer's disease and 29 without dementia ) , and the DMR questionnaire was given to their caregivers . Results DS subjects with dementia had higher impairment levels than DS subjects without dementia in their social and total DMR scores , but no significant differences were found between the two groups in the SIB and MMSE scores or in cognitive DMR performance . Overall , SIB scores correlated significantly with MMSE results , total DMR , cognitive DMR , and social DMR . MMSE performance correlated significantly with total and cognitive DMR scores as well as SIB score . Conclusion The SIB and the MMSE are useful assessment tools in monitoring cognitive function among subjects with DS and cognitive loss or dementia . | dementia
dementia
dementia
dementia
dementia
cognitive loss
dementia |
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Abstract:
Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome is a group of complex disorders that include psychiatric disorders , chronic fatigue and/or respiratory problems . This syndrome could be triggered by specific allergens and toxins that cause neurophysiological sensitization and the appearance of the clinical symptomatology . Anaesthesia for these patients always poses a challenge for the anaesthetist , because they need to find and use drugs that do not trigger or aggravate the symptoms of the disease . Therefore , sevoflurane in these circumstances might be “the ideal anaesthetic” . Performing general anaesthesia with sevoflurane as the sole anaesthetic agent , together with a series of environmental measures formed the basis for successful anaesthesia and surgery in our patient with a multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome . | psychiatric disorders |
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction and goals Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a hearing disorder of unknown cause . The spontaneous recovery rate ranges from 50 to 75% of the patients . Scientific experiments on animals support the present study in patients with sudden deafness treated with sounds . Patients and methods During the period 2003 - 2009 , patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss were administered steroids , piracetam and antioxidants , together with the addition of sounds by means of music and words . Results Comparing the results of patients treated with medication ( n = 65 ) and those treated with medication and sounds ( n = 67 ) , it was observed that patients treated with medication and sounds had higher recovery . Within the group of patients treated with medication and sounds , 25 ( 37% ) experienced complete recovery , 28 ( 42% ) good recovery , 11 ( 16% ) slight recovery and 3 ( 5% ) poor or no recovery . Conclusion The patients who recovered more than half of their audition accounted for 54% in the group treated with medication and for 79% in the group of patients receiving medication and sounds . Auditory recuperation showed no alterations , at least up to 12 months after therapy . | sensorineural hearing loss
hearing disorder
sudden deafness
sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract The auditory training with wide - band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss . It is based on the application of a wide - band white modified noise . In a prospective study , we have assessed the modifications of the recruitment coefficient in a sample of 48 patients who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide - band white noise sessions . The average improvement of the recruitment coefficient expressed in percentage is a 7 .7498% , which comes up to 23 .5249% in the case of a binaural recruitment coefficient . From our results , it can be deduced that the auditory training with wide - band white noise reduces the recruitment . That is to say , the decrease of the recruitment in high intensities both binaurally and in all ears . | hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract Introduction Sensorineural deafness is a very common disorder in humans , which affects approximately 10% of the population . Genetic causes are suggested to be responsible for more than half of the cases . The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and the 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene are the most common mutations for sensorineural deafness in the Spanish population . Methods A genetic study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of the mutations A1555G in the mitochondrial DNA and 35delG in the connexin - 26 gene in 21 patients from 21 non - consanguineous unrelated families affected by late - onset bilateral non - syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from Cantabria . Results The A1555G mutation was found in 6 patients . Five of these 6 patients had been treated with aminoglycosides . In all of them the auditory impairment affected mainly the high frequencies . The 35delG mutation was not found in any of the patients . Conclusions The A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA has been found to be the most common amongst the Cantabrian population . The A1555G mutation should be suspected in those members of families affected by sensorineural hearing impairment with a maternal inheritance pattern and ototoxicity from treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics . The 35delG mutation in the GJB2 gene does not seem to be a major cause of deafness in families with late - onset non - syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in our area . | Sensorineural deafness
sensorineural deafness
late - onset bilateral non - syndromic sensorineural hearing loss
auditory impairment
sensorineural hearing impairment
deafness
late - onset non - syndromic sensorineural hearing loss |
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Involuntary outpatient treatment is believed to increase adherence , thereby preventing deterioration and harm to people with severe mental illness or to others . Involuntary treatment remains controversial . In addition to arguments for and against the introduction of involuntary outpatient treatment , the results of published studies are contradictory . Most observational studies report patient improvement , although methodological limitations cast doubt on these results . Two randomized studies suggest that outpatient commitment is only effective when linked to the provision of intensive community services . In this article we review this topic , including the current situation in Spain . | severe mental illness |
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Abstract Introduction The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiology , clinical evolution , and the anatomical and neurological factors involved in polymicrogyria in 34 patients with this disorder . Subjects and methods We have compiled 34 patients diagnosed and/or in follow - up at the Department of Paediatric Neurology of the Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús between 1995 and 2010 . All the patients had a magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of polymicrogyria , and most of the patients still have periodic checks , thus their outcome is known . Results The large majority were male ( 76 .5% ) . The median age at presentation was 10 months ; the reason for the study was psychomotor or mental delay ( 44% ) followed by seizures ( 38 .2% ) . During the condition patients presented with epilepsy ( 61 .7% ) , infantile cerebral palsy ( 47% ) , psychomotor/mental retardation ( 94 .1% ) , pervasive developmental disorder ( 26 .4% ) , behavioural disturbances ( 38 .2% ) , neurosensory deficit ( 35 .2% ) and microcephaly 67 .6% . In 82 .3% of patients there was bilateral involvement ( 42 .8% perisylvian ) . Other abnormalities were observed in the MRI of 58 .8% of patients . The electroencephalogram at diagnosis showed changes in 41 .1% , and this rose to 67 .6% during follow - up . 61 .7% received antiepileptic treatment was received by 61 .7% of patients , with 52 .3% requiring ≥2 drugs . Epilepsy surgery was performed on two patients . Some type of sequelae was observed in 91 .1% of patients . The aetiology was unknown in 61 .7% ; a congenital infection was suspected in 10 patients and syndromic or polymalformative disorder in three patients . Conclusions This study shows the range of clinical and radiological expression in polymicrogyria , in addition to the possibilities for the future in terms of determining the aetiology of this pathology . | psychomotor or mental delay
infantile cerebral palsy
psychomotor/mental retardation
pervasive developmental disorder
behavioural disturbances
neurosensory deficit |
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Purpose Cross - sectional study to validate a Spanish version of the 5 and 15 items Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS 5 and 15 ) in a non - selected community dwelling older population , compared with the clinical diagnosis of depression ( using DSM - IV criteria ) as gold standard . Patients and method A total of 301 subjects randomly selected from the >64 years old population served by a public Primary Care Center in Madrid were included . Severe cognitive impairment ( MMSE < 20/30 ) , severe hearing impairment and denial to participate were exclusion criteria . A descriptive and a screening study were performed . Results The prevalence of depression in this population was 14 .6% . The 5 - item GDS had a sensitivity of 0 .864 ( 0 .762 - 0 .965 ) , specificity of 0 .856 ( 0 .813 - 0 .899 ) , PPV 0 .507 ( 0 .394 - 0 .62 ) , NPV 0 .973 ( 0 .952 - 0 .994 ) , and positive likelihood ratio 6 ( 4 .34 - 8 .26 ) . The 15 - item GDS had a sensitivity of 0 .818 ( 0 .704 - 0 .932 ) , specificity of 0 .977 ( 0 .958 - 0 .995 ) , PPV 0 .857 ( 0 .751 - 0 .963 ) , NPV 0 .969 ( 0 .948 - 0 .99 ) , and positive likelihood ratio 35 .03 ( 28 .76 - 40 .77 ) . Conclusions GDS - 5 may be useful screening test for depression in non selected elderly patients in primary care . It has better sensitivity than GDS - 15 and similar area under curve . | Severe cognitive impairment
severe hearing impairment |
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Abstract The aim of the study is to present the severe , extensive lesions in the temporal bone appearing in the mildest forms of osteogenesis imperfecta , correlate these with audiometric results and discuss the possible surgical treatments available . We present three patients suffering hearing loss due to osteogenesis imperfecta type 1 to various functional degrees . All patients underwent an audiological , medical and radiological evaluation and were then treated with different surgical procedures . The patients presented mild , severe and profound mixed hearing losses and the radiological images showed extensive areas of demineralization affecting the ossicular chain and removal of protection for the vital structures inside the temporal bone . Also , the cochlea showed otic capsule demineralization , dehiscence , distortions and even destructions . The various surgical treatments , indicated under current international criteria , obtained limited functional results . This study reviews the need to evaluate the current surgical criteria for this specific condition . | hearing loss
mild , severe and profound mixed hearing losses |
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Abstract In the last decade , tremendous progress has been made very rapidly in the development of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention ( EHDI ) systems as a major public health initiative . The percentage of infants screened annually in Spain has increased significantly since the EHDI systems have expanded to all autonomic regions . Historically , high risk indicators have been used for the identification of infants who should receive audiological evaluation but who live in geographic locations where universal hearing screening is not yet available , to help identify infants who pass neonatal screening but are at risk of developing delayed - onset hearing loss and to identify infants who may have passed neonatal screening but have mild forms of permanent hearing loss . In this review , the standard risk factors for hearing loss are analysed and the risk factors known to be associated with late onset or progressive hearing loss are identified . The recommendation for infants with a risk factor that may be considered as low risk is to perform at least one audiology assessment in 24–30 months . In contrast , for an infant with risk factors known to be associated with late onset or progressive hearing loss ( such as cytomegalovirus infection or family history ) , early and more frequent assessment is appropriate . All infants should have an objective standardised screening of global development with a validated assessment tool at 9 , 18 and 24–30 months of age or at any time if the health care professional or the family is concerned . | delayed - onset hearing loss
mild forms of permanent hearing loss
hearing loss
late onset or progressive hearing loss
late onset or progressive hearing loss |
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Iodine is an essential micronutrient without which the thyroid is unable to synthesize and secrete its two iodine - containing hormones , tetra - iodo - thyronine or thyroxine ( T4 ) and 3’ , 3 , 5 - tri - iodothyronine ( T3 ) , containing , respectively , 4 and 3 iodine atoms per molecule . Both hormones are needed throughout life , with T4 being especially important for the development of the cerebral cortex as early as during the first trimester of pregnancy . The need for adequate iodine intake is recognized among the Rights of the Child , since , after starvation , iodine deficiency is the most frequent nutritional cause worldwide of preventable mental retardation . The present article discusses several questions : are T4 and T3 equivalent for the developing brain? What happens to T4 during iodine deficiency? What changes are imposed on maternal thyroid function by the fetus? What happens when a pregnant woman is iodine deficient? What effect does breast feeding have on iodine status? The answers to the above questions explain why iodine requirements are doubled from the very onset of pregnancy . Even in conditions of mild - moderate iodine deficiency , which still prevail throughout Spain , daily supplementation of at least 200 μg iodine is required to prevent mental retardation , starting , if possible , before the onset of pregnancy and continuing until the end of breast feeding . | mental retardation |
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Abstract Background In recent years there have been changes in neurooncology that have improved quality of life and survival for patients with primary CNS tumors ( PCNST ) . Objectives To present the clinical features of a cohort of patients with primary CNS glial tumors . Materials and methods One hundred and forty - eight patients with PCNST were followed up between 2002 and 2009 . Only glial type PCNST was studied . This is a descriptive study . Results Seventy - nine patients ( 52 males and 27 females ) presented glial type PCNST . In most of the cases , tumors appeared in the fourth decade . Glioblastoma multiforme ( GBM ) 34 , GIII astrocytoma 6 , GII astrocytoma 9 , GI astrocytoma 5 , brainstem glioma 3 , chordoid glioma 1 , GII oligodendroglioma 16 and GIII oligodendroglioma 5 were diagnosed according to the WHO histological tumor classification . The frontal lobe was the most frequent location . Initial symptomatology in order of frequency was : seizures , headache , aphasia , cognitive impairment , motor weakness , sensorial deficits , cranial nerve involvement and intracranial hypertension syndrome . Surgery/radiotherapy/chemotherapy ( Sx/Rt/Cht ) was performed in 27 patients ; Rt/Cht 20 , Sx 6 , Cht 6 , Rt 5 , Sx/Cht 5 , Sx/Rt 4 and 6 patients were not treated . Partial or complete tumor resection occurred in 51% of patients . In 66% of the cases , the epileptic seizures ( 62% partials , 38% generalized ) were succesfully controlled with monotherapy . Conclusions GBM was the most frequent tumor , and the frontal lobe was the most affected . Seizures were the prevalent symptom . We observed a suboptimal percentage of patients with partial or complete tumor resection . | aphasia
cognitive impairment
sensorial deficits |
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There are many different vertigo classifications and different denominations are frequently used for the same clinical processes . The Otoneurology Committee of the Spanish Society for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Pathology proposes an eminently practical classification of peripheral vertigo to facilitate a common terminology that can be easily used by general ENT practitioners . The methodology used has been by consensus within our society and especially among the most outstanding work groups in the area of otoneurology in Spain . Initially vertigo is divided into single - episode vertigo and recurring attacks of vertigo , and these are then sub - divided into 2 groups , depending on whether or not hearing loss is present . Acute vertigo without hearing loss corresponds to vestibular neuritis and if it is associated with hearing loss , it is due to labyrinthitis of different aetiologies and cochleovestibular neuritis . Recurrent vertigos without hearing loss are classified as induced , either by posture ( BPPV ) or pressure ( perilymphatic fistula ) , or as spontaneous , including migraine - associated vertigo , metabolic vertigo , childhood paroxysmal vertigo , and vertigo of vascular causes ( TIAs , vertebrobasilar insufficiency ) . Finally , recurrent vertigo with hearing loss includes Ménière's disease and others such as vertigomigraine ( with hearing loss ) , autoimmune pathology of the inner ear , syphilitic infection , and perilymphatic fistula ( with hearing loss ) . | hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss |
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Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics , clinical features and prognostic indicators of pneumococcal meningitis in children admitted to a children's hospital in Madrid . Patients and method We retrospectively studied 28 children with a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis based on identification of S . pneumoniae in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid between 1990 and 1999 . None of the children had previous immunological deficit or had received antipneumococ - cal vaccine . Results The mean age of patients was 2 .7 ± 2 .9 years ( range : 2 months to 11 years ) . Eighty - two percent of the children were younger than 5 years old . Male to female ratio was 1 : 1 . The most frequent signs on admission were fever ( 100% ) , vomiting ( 57% ) , headache and irritability ( 53% ) , and shock ( 10% ) . Neurologic findings were lowered level of consciousness in 22 patients ( mean Glasgow Coma Scale score 9 .9 ± 3 .9 ) ; seizures in 15 ( 53% ) ; neck stiffness in 12 patients ( 42% ) and arreactive mydriasis in 9 patients ( 32% ) . Twenty patients ( 71% ) required admission to the intensive care unit . On discharge 15 patients ( 53% ) had no sequelae ; 8 patients ( 28% ) suffered deafness ; 4 ( 14% ) had hemiparesis ; 2 ( 7% ) had severe hydrocephalus and 1 patient ( 3 .5% ) had mental retardation . Four patients ( 14% ) died . Findings with the strongest predictive value for death or deafness ( p > 0 .05 ) were coma and alterations in cranial computer tomography ( CT ) . Seizures , alterations in electroencephalogram ( EEG ) and hypogly - corrhachia were also prognostic indicators for deafness ( p < 0 .05 ) . Conclusions Meningitis caused by S . pneumoniae is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children . Deafness is one of the most common and serious sequelae of pneu - mococcal meningitis . Sequelae were asociated with coma , alterations in CT scan , seizures and hypoglycorrhachia . The new , antipneumococcal conjugated vaccine will confer effective prevention from the age of 2 months and will produce a dramatic decrease in the incidence of this serious infection . | deafness
hemiparesis
mental retardation
deafness
deafness
Deafness |
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Abstract Introduction Researching inherited mental retardation , from a diagnostic and aetiological point of view , is a great challenge . A particular type of mental retardation is the one linked to the X chromosome which is classified under syndromic and non - syndromic types , according to the presence or absence of a specific physical , neurological or metabolic pattern associated with mental retardation . Patients and method Five generations of a family have been studied with eight males suffering from mental retardation . Six of these males were clinically tested using anthropometric indicators and genetic tests : high resolution karyotypes , fragile X research , linkage and MID1 and PQBP1 gene studies . Results Along with mental retardation _ , _ the clinical study showed a pattern of microcephaly , micrognathia , osteoarticular and genital anomalies , short stature and other less frequent malformations . The linkage study mapped the possible causal gene of this mental retardation syndrome and multiple congenital abnormalities in the Xp11 .23 - q21 .32 segment , with a LOD score of 2 . As far as we know , a medical profile , similar to the one these patients have , linked to this X segment has not been described . Conclusions We suspect that this family has a “new syndrome” of mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies linked to the X chromosome . | inherited mental retardation
mental retardation
mental retardation
mental retardation
mental retardation
mental retardation syndrome
mental retardation |
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Summary Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by physical and psychomotor retardation , progressive neurological disfunction , photosensitivity , ophthalmological abnormalities , neurosensorial deafness and other pathologic features such as leucodistrophy and calcifications in the central nervous system with segmental demyelination in the peripheral nervous system . In this work we report a clinical case of an eleven years old patient with Cockayne syndrome . This patient presents a mixed picture with growth and psychomotor retardation , ataxia , muscle tone alterations , orthopedic problems , sensorial disfunctions and speech problems . We describe the therapies used , including an individualized complete Rehabilitation program in order to improve the patient quality of life . | physical and psychomotor retardation
ophthalmological abnormalities
neurosensorial deafness
growth and psychomotor retardation
ataxia
sensorial disfunctions
speech problems |
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Abstract A 45 year - old woman , right handed , with no medical history of interest , and a good level of education was seen in the clinic due to subjective complaints of memory and language problems . She was diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia ( PPA ) three years ago and had received speech therapy for a year . The psychopathological examination was normal , with categorical verbal fluency impairment , although with good comprehension and speaking ability , normal praxis and normal performance in the cognitive screening test . The subjective complains of memory were assessed by test of verbal memory . Furthermore , behaviour changes , particularly irritability , were reported by family . These problems did not affect her activities of daily living . The present case shows the difficulties in classifying cases into different subtypes of PPA and the problems in making a possible prognosis . | language problems
primary progressive aphasia
PPA
categorical verbal fluency impairment
PPA |
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Objectives Measure the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric syndrome ( PMDS ) by heteroadministered survey with diagnostic criteria of the American Association of Psychiatry ( AAP ) present in the DSM - IV . Methods An observational , descriptive and cross - sectional study was designed with location in the Basic Health Area ( BHA ) of Porzuna ( Ciudad Real ) . Scope : primary health care ; rural setting . Target population : all women between 18 and 50 years of age from the BHA ( 948 ) . A total of 226 were selected by simple random sampling , with automatic and consecutive replacement of those who refused to participate ( 8 ) . Of these , 21 could not be located or fulfilled exclusion criteria : menopause , gestation , mental retardation ( 11 ) , 186 women finally participating in the study . These women were administered a heteroadministered survey , collecting information regarding the AAP criteria for the diagnosis of PMDS during the last year and sociodemographic , comorbidity and pharmacological treatment data . Results A total of 84 .33% of those surveyed had some type of premenstrual discomfort , these being moderate ( at least one symptom during all or most of the cycles of the last year ) in 69 .73% and intense ( 5 or more symptoms in most of the cycles but without affecting work , social or family life ) in 8 .11% Prevalence of PMDS found according to AAP criteria is 6 .49% ( n = 12 ; 95% CI : 2 .95 - 10 .03% ) . Conclusions Prevalence of PMDS found in our population agrees with the data published in international studies ( 2 .5 - 14% ) and moves away from the prevalences published in our country ( 20 .6 - 28 .6% ) with self - applied surveys . | mental retardation |
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Nowadays in our society , the proportion of aged people among the general population is growing in such a way that it is thought that in the near future the sector of the population over 65 will undergo a significant rise . This tendency will be particularly dramatic in the developed countries . This aging of the population will give rise to a series of special needs in the health , psychological and social fields . Furthermore there will be an increase in the incidence of dependence , especially in that arising from pathologies as dementia and Alzheimer disease . This will have widespread repercussions throughout family and society . In this respect we should bear in mind the great significance of an early detection of cognitive and language impairment . Early detection and intervention will optimize the aging process and allow affected people to be treated as soon as possible , thus improving their quality of life . | dementia
cognitive and language impairment |
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Introduction Although the social and economic consequences of Colombian internal conflicts mainly affected the civilian population , they also had other implications . The ex - combatants , the other side of the conflict , have been the subject of many studies that question their personality structures and antisocial features . Results suggest that ex - combatants usually have characteristics of an antisocial personality disorder ( ASPD ) that is related with their behaviour . Methods Quantitative EEG ( qEEG ) was used to evaluate differences in cortical activity patterns between an ex - combatants group and a control group . The Psychopathy Checklist - Revised ( PCL - R ) was used to assess the presence of ASPD in the ex - combatants group , as well as the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies ( DIGS ) for other mental disorders classified in the DCI - 10 . Results There are significant differences in psychopathy levels between groups , as well as in alpha - 2 and beta waves , especially in left temporal and frontal areas for alpha - 2 waves and left temporal - central regions for beta waves . Conclusions qEEG measurements allow spectral resting potential to be differentiated between groups that are related with features typically involved in antisocial personality disorder , and to correlate them with patterns in the questionnaires and clinical interview . | antisocial personality disorder
ASPD
ASPD
mental disorders
antisocial personality disorder |
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Objective . To determine the perception that some general clinical practitioners have about depressive syndrome in a region of Colombia . Methodology . The qualitative approach was established as a basis for this study using grounded theory for the description , analysis , and interpretation of data collected in 20 semi - structured interviews aimed at general medical practitioners who had treated patients with depressive syndrome in their clinical practice . Results . Throughout the interviews , some essential elements are highlighted such as : “seeing beyond a body , ” where the interest of the physician is reflected by individualising each patient case because regardless of having the same disease , knowing that not all can be addressed or treated equally . “From insignificant to terrifying” shows that the network of experiences , experiences , emotions , and desires that make up part of the physician , are reflected in the compassion that he has for patient with depression , a situation that makes him confront as a human being before the suffering of others . In contrast appears the “my hands are tied” with a health system that prevents proper care of these patients , and generates problems for the treating physician . Conclusions . The malleable and unfinished scenario where the physicians interact with the depressive syndrome , allows them to understand their humanity while reflecting on the possibilities , limitations , meanings , attitudes and actions that they have about this disorder that is reflected in the ability of general physicians to diagnose and treat depression that is not necessarily associated with age or experience in practice . However , errors in care can be reduced with sufficient knowledge and an appropriate approach to mental illness . | mental illness |
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Introduction Dementia units ( DU ) provide comprehensive and specialised care to patients with dementia . However , assessment in these units normally focuses on patient management . The aim of this study was to determine satisfaction of the caregivers of patients managed in a DU and how they rated DU care . Methods We created a self - administered questionnaire which was completed by 236 caregivers visiting the DU in 2015 . The questionnaire included 6 dimensions ( accessibility , organisation , professionalism , relationship with staff , information , and facilities ) ; data were analysed using problem rates . Results A total of 53 .4% caregivers completed the questionnaire ; most were women , patients’ spouses , or first - degree relatives . The overall problem rates was 15 .0% ( 95% CI , 13 .9 - 16 .1 ) , with sizeable differences between dimensions : from 0 .1% ( 95% CI , 0 .0 - 0 .4 ) for ‘relationship with staff’ and ‘professionalism’ to 49 .3% ( 95% CI , 45 .4 - 53 .2 ) for ‘information’ . Waiting times over 30minutes were perceived as excessive . Information problems were not directly related to patient management . Satisfaction was scored 8 .29/10 ( median 8 ; SD 1 .45 ) ; 77 .3% ( 95% CI , 69 .8 - 74 .8 ) of respondents were highly satisfied . Ninety - nine percent of the caregivers stated that they would recommend the DU . Conclusions This questionnaire provides interesting data on care quality as perceived by patients’ caregivers . Our results have allowed us to identify problems and implement corrective actions . Our questionnaire has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating and improving care quality in DUs . | dementia |
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Abstract:
Introduction . A considerable percentage of events initially diagnosed as ischaemic stroke have non - cerebrovascular causes ; these are called stroke mimics ( SM ) . Currently available evidence about these events is heterogeneous and comes from studies with small samples . Objective . The purpose of our study is to identify conditions that may present as SM , define their epidemiological and clinical characteristics , and determine the percentage of cases of SM treated with intravenous fibrinolysis . Methods . Prospective study including all patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital between June 2005 and April 2015 with a diagnosis of acute stroke . We analysed demographic data , cardiovascular risk factors , time from code stroke activation to admission , stroke severity ( NIHSS ) , final destination after discharge , degree of disability ( mRS ) , and treatment . We compared SM and ischaemic strokes . We ruled out patients with intracranial haemorrhage , subarachnoid haemorrhage , or other causes of SM that may be detected on the baseline CT scan . Results . Four hundred four of the 4 , 570 included patients ( 8 .8% ) were found to have SM . Patients with SM were younger ( 70 .3 vs . 74 , P< .0001 ) , less likely to exhibit cardiovascular risk factors and atrial fibrillation ( 13 vs . 34% , P< .0001 ) , scored lower on the NIHSS at baseline ( 2 vs . 4 , P< .0001 ) , and included fewer cases of aphasia ( 9 .4 vs . 19 .6% , P< .02 ) and dysphagia ( 1 .2 vs . 17% , P< .0001 ) than patients with stroke . SM caused fewer code stroke activations ( 28 vs . 40% , P< .0001 ) . Patients with SM required shorter hospital stays ( 4 .9 vs . 7 .8 days , P< .0001 ) , were less frequently admitted to the stroke unit ( 47 vs . 60% , P< .0001 ) and more frequently discharged home ( 95 vs . 62% , P< .0001 ) , and had better outcomes ( mRS scores 0 - 2 ; 76 vs . 54% , P< .0001 ) . Intravenous fibrinolysis was administered to 4 .7% of these patients . Epileptic seizures were the most frequent cause of SM ( 26% ) . Conclusions . In our sample , 8 .8% of all diagnoses of ischaemic stroke were SM . These events have different demographic , clinical , and prognostic characteristics ; epilepsy is the most common aetiology . Despite receiving specialised emergency care , 19 patients with SM ( 4 .7% ) were treated with intravenous fibrinolysis . | aphasia
dysphagia |
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Abstract:
Perinatal arterial stroke is a significant cause of neurological deficit , including mental retardation , delayed motor development , epilepsy , and severe cognitive impairment . Most strokes occur in term neonates , due to thromboembolism from an intracranial or extracranial vessel associated with a risk factor such as asphyxia at birth and heart , hematological or infectious diseases . An association with instrumental delivery has not been clearly demonstrated , although several cases have been described in the literature . The incidence of stroke in the perinatal period is estimated to be 1/4000 term neonates per year . We describe three new cases of stroke in term neonates with instrumental delivery and describe the etiopathogenesis , diagnosis and outcome of this entity . | mental retardation
delayed motor development
severe cognitive impairment |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Changes in regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF ) have been reported in idiopathic Parkinson's disease ( PD ) . Nonetheless , their typical pattern still remains controversial regarding some features , such as basal ganglia involvement and the main cortical regions affected . Functional neuroimaging makes it possible to identify the brain dysfunctions of the neural circuits underlying the disease . Voxel - based analysis methods make it possible to increase the reliability of the results . Objective To assess the rCBF changes in patients with PD and their relation with disease duration . Materials and methods Thirty PD adult patients without dementia underwent evaluation with 99mTc - ECD SPECT . SPM5 was used for statistical comparison with 25 normal controls of similar ages . The disease course duration in years was added as a covariate . Additionally , patients with a 6 - year evolution or less and those with more than 6 years were compared separately with normal controls . Results Significant hypoperfusion was detected in bilateral premotor and posterior parietal cortex and increase of perfusion was present in the cerebellum . These changes correlated with the years of evolution of the illness . Patients with longer evolution also presented thalamic , subthalamic and basal ganglia hypoperfusion . Conclusions We describe rCBF changes in PD in neural circuits related with control of movements . These changes are more manifest in patients with a longer duration of the disease . | dementia |
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Abstract:
Background The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III ( ACE - III ) , an adaptation of the ACE cognitive screening test , has been demonstrated to have high sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment in patients with dementia and other neurological and psychiatric disorders . Although the Spanish - language version of the ACE - III has already been validated in Spain , it is yet to be validated in Latin America . The aim of this study was to validate the ACE - III test in an Argentinean and Chilean population . Methods ACE - III was administered to 70 patients with Alzheimer disease , 31 patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia , and a control group of 139 healthy volunteers . Participants were recruited at centres in both countries . Results The Spanish - language version of ACE - III was found to have good internal consistency ( Cronbach's alpha=0 .87 ) . We found significant differences in total ACE - III scores between patients with Alzheimer disease and controls ( p< .05 ) and between patients with Alzheimer disease and bvFTD ( p< .05 ) . With a cut - off point of 86 , 98 .6% of AD patients , 83 .9% of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia patients , and 84 .2% of controls were correctly classified . Conclusions This study shows that the Spanish - language version of ACE - III continues to be an effective tool for detecting cognitive dysfunction in patients with dementia . | cognitive impairment
dementia
neurological and psychiatric disorders
behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
bvFTD
behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
cognitive dysfunction
dementia |
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Abstract:
Objective to detect the percentage of patients with dementia admitted to a psychogeriatric department , who have a high risk of falls , and to evaluate acceptance and compliance with hip protectors during their stay in hospital and 2 weeks and 3 months after discharge . Material and methods we performed a hospital - based prospective cohort study . Risk of falling was evaluated on the basis of immediate bipedal standing instability or abnormal semi - tandem posture , a get - up - and - go test time of more than 20 seconds , or clinical judgement . Compliance during hospital stay was evaluated through nursing records and compliance outside hospital by telephone interviews at 15 days and 3 months after discharge . Results a total of 115 patients consecutively admitted to the psychogeriatric department of the Santa Creu Hospital in Vic were assessed . Sixty patients ( 52 .2% ) were excluded from the study , the main reason being dependence on another person for walking . Of the 55 patients included , 44 ( 80 .0% ) had a high risk of falls and were candidates for hip protectors . In - hospital compliance was 80 .5% ( 95% CI : 65 .1 - 91 .2 ) . The most common cause of non - compliance was removal of the hip protector by the patient . Compliance after discharge was 64 .5% ( 95% CI : 45 .4 - 80 .8 ) at 2 weeks and 57 .1% ( 95% CI : 28 .9 - 82 .4 ) at 3 months . Conclusions a high risk of falling was found in a large percentage of patients with dementia who were not dependent on others for walking . Compliance was not a problem in the use of hip protectors in a high - risk population in the hospital - admission setting but was weaker in the community setting . | dementia
dementia
dependent on others for walking |
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Abstract Introduction Fragile X syndrome is an inherited form of mental retardation . It results from an abnormally expanded number of trinucleotide CGG repeats . Some grandfathers of these children become forgetful , have frequent falls and other neurological problems . Researchers have found a connection between fragile X syndrome and the neurological symptoms in elderly men . This resulted in the recognition of a syndrome originally referred to as “intention tremor , parkinsonism and generalised brain atrophy in carriers of a fragile X premutation” . This premutation is also associated with premature ovarian failure . Methodology This paper reviews the literature on the neurological signs of fragile X premutation . Conclusions Fragile X premutation is a risk for movement disorders and cognitive dysfunction and it should be considered in patients with a family history of mental retardation or autism , and particularly in those females with premature ovarian failure . | mental retardation
movement disorders
cognitive dysfunction
mental retardation
autism |
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Abstract:
Abstract Postnatal cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth , ingestion of breast milk , transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people . Breast milk is the main source of infection , given the high rate of CMV - positive mothers excreting CMV in milk . Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding , although it does not eliminate it completely . Pasteurisation prevents such transmission , but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk . Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic , as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother , and the neonate is born with protective antibodies . However , in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur . Symptomatic posnatal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis , neutropenia , thrombocytopenia or sepsis - like syndrome . Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common , but very characteristic . Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms . Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment . Ganciclovir should be reserved for severe cases . Unlike congenital CMV disease , posnatal CMV infection in the preterm infant does not seem to be associated with hearing loss or abnormal neuro - development in long term follow - up . | hearing loss |
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Abstract:
Abstract Pain is a prevalent symptom in cancer geriatric patients , appearing in up to 90% of patients with terminal cancer . This requires a multidimensional approach , as there is a high percentage of inappropriate assessments and treatments . Unrecognized or poorly treated pain in the geriatric population , especially in cancer patients , leads to the development of disabling symptoms such as depression , anxiety , isolation , sleep disturbances , and appetite , and very especially , loss of functional capacity and quality of life . In this review an analysis is made on the most relevant studies on the diagnosis and management of cancer pain in the geriatric population . | sleep disturbances
loss of functional capacity and quality of life |
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Abstract:
An ischaemic infarction of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery ( AICA ) is usually associated with vertigo , hearing loss , facial palsy , nystagmus , or truncal ataxia ; it is often accompanied by other brainstem or cerebellar signs . Suddenonset bilateral hearing loss without associated neurological symptoms is infrequent in the literature . We report a case of sudden bilateral hearing loss , later diagnosed as AICA infarction without other symptoms . | hearing loss
facial palsy
truncal ataxia
Suddenonset bilateral hearing loss
sudden bilateral hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
The concept of frailty is currently being debated in the field of geriatric care , but there is no agreed definition that would allow frail elderly persons to be identified . The purpose of this article was to identify and group the opinions of clinical experts in our setting . We conducted 19 semi - structured interviews with health professionals ( clinicians and nurses ) working mainly with the elderly in several health care settings in districts 2 and 5 of the autonomous region of Madrid . The responses obtained indicated five distinct trends : a reduction in physiologic reserve , loss of functional autonomy , cognitive impairment , the presence of chronic diseases , and a minority view that rejects this concept . Notable was the view of frailty as a multifactorial phenomenon in which different weight was given to biological , psychological or social factors according to the type of health professional consulted . The conceptual diversity of the term «frailty» hampers comparison among different studies . Therefore , a working definition of the term , accepted by health professionals involved in the care of the elderly , should be established . | loss of functional autonomy
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Socio - demographic and genetic factors have been involved in the development of cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia . Method The present study evaluates socio - demographic characteristics and the ApoE genotype in individuals older than 55 years with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) and Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) , attending a memory clinic . Results 155 individuals ( 36% ) out of the total population who attended the memory clinic in a four - year period met the inclusion criteria . The study population was classified in diagnostic groups according to the _Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders_ ( DSM - IV - TR ) and to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association ( NICNCDS - ADRDA ) criteria . More AD and MCI individuals worked in mainly manual occupations throughout their lifetime compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals ( _p_ =0 .014 ) . A high percentage of individuals with MCI and of cognitively unimpaired individuals ( 43% ) left their primary occupation or changed it for a mainly manual occupation after their retirement . No other factors associated to the cognitive impairment , including ApoE genotype , were found . Conclusion These results support a correlation between the primary occupation during lifetime and the development of cognitive impairment in individuals older than 55 years . | cognitive impairment
dementia
mild cognitive impairment
MCI
MCI
MCI
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction and objective Sixty percent of prelingual hearing loss is of genetic origin . A family history of permanent childhood hearing loss is a risk factor . The objective of the study is to determine the relationship between this risk factor and hearing loss . We have evaluated clinical and epidemiological characteristics and related nonsyndromic genetic variation . Material and method This was a retrospective , descriptive and observational study of newborns between January 2007 and December 2010 with family history as risk factor for hearing loss using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response . Results A total of 26 , 717 children were born . Eight hundred and fifty - seven ( 3 .2% ) had family history . Fifty - seven ( 0 .21% ) failed to pass the second test . A percentage of 29 .1 ( n=16 ) had another risk factor , and 17 .8% ( n=9 ) had no classical risk factor . No risk factor was related to the hearing loss except heart disease . Seventy - six point four percent had normal hearing and 23 .6% hearing loss . The mean of family members with hearing loss was 1 .25 . On genetic testing , 82 .86% of homozygotes was normal , 11 .43% heterozygosity in Connexin 26 gene ( 35delG ) , 2 .86% R143W heterozygosity in the same gene and 2 .86% mutant homozygotes ( 35delG ) . We found no relationship between hearing loss and mutated allele . Conclusions The percentage of children with a family history and hearing loss is higher than expected in the general population . The genetic profile requires updating to clarify the relationship between hearing loss and heart disease , family history and the low prevalence in the mutations analyzed . | prelingual hearing loss
permanent childhood hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Mental illness has been associated with violent behaviour . Criminal behaviour in the mentally ill population in Colombia has not been well studied . Methods This is a retrospective , descriptive study , from a secondary source . An analysis was made of the sociodemographic , clinical , and legal variables of 127 unfit to plead patients . A descriptive analysis of quantitative variables was performed by measures of central tendency , and frequencies and percentages were calculated for the qualitative variables . The software SPSS® version 21 .0 was used to analyse the data , and the study was approved by the Research Committee of the CES University . Results The median age was 34 years , interquartile range 19 years , and 92 .1% were men . The primary diagnosis was schizophrenia in 63% , 66 .9% consumed alcohol , and 58 .3% other drugs at the time they committed the crime . Almost one/third ( 29 .1% ) had a criminal record , and the most common type of crime was murder in 44 .1% of cases . Around half ( 50 .3% ) of the victims had some degree of consanguinity with the patient . Discussion The study subjects had higher illiteracy and lower educational levels than the Colombian prison population . Schizophrenia was the main diagnosis , and homicide the most prevalent crime , which agrees with the literature where non - indictable patients are responsible for 5–20% of murder cases worldwide . Conclusions To reduce the gap between the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders , especially schizophrenia , should be within the specific actions to prevent violence and criminal behaviour associated with mental illness . | Mental illness
mental disorders
mental illness |
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Abstract:
Abstract Prader–Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by hypotonia , obesity , short stature , mental retardation , hyperphagia , hypogonadism and low life expectancy . We describe the case of a 31 - year - old female patient with Prader–Willi syndrome scheduled for bariatric surgery . Anesthetic considerations are reviewed highlighting perioperative complications associated with this syndrome . | mental retardation |
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Abstract Background Many genes are involved in testicular differentiation . The alterations of these genes are responsible for sexual differentiation disorders with 46 XY karyotype . Case We report the case of a newborn who had an interscrotal hypospadias , palpable gonads and hypoplastic penis . Karyotype 46 XY . Abdominal ultrasound revealed testes and absence of Müllerian remnants . There was a good response to the short gonadotrophin test . At one year he had signs of psychomotor retardation and hypotonia . The magnetic resonance revealed frontal - temporal atrophy and a decrease in the corpus callosum . Testicular biopsy was compatible with gonadal dysgenesis . A preoperative cystography showed a vaginal remnant . Due to the presence of a sexual differentiation disorder , psychomotor retardation and facial dysmorphism , we requested a high - resolution karyotype : deletion 46 , XY , del ( 9p ) ( p23 - pter ) . Ish tel ( 9p - ) . Discussion Many genes are involved in testicular differentiation , some of which also affect the development of other tissues . In the short arm of chromosome 9 , two genes , DMRT1 and DMRT2 , are involved in sexual differentiation . Their alterations have also been described as causing mental retardation . In the evaluation of 46 , XY disorders of sex differentiation , the accompanying signs are very important for guiding the genetic study . | psychomotor retardation
psychomotor retardation
mental retardation |
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Abstract:
Background To report the social and medical situation of centenarian patients who required emergency hospital care during the last 8 years . Method Retrospective study of patients aged over 100 years attended at the Emergency Department of a general hospital . The percentages of admissions and mortality rates were then compared with those among patients aged over 65 . Results A total of 51 consultations from 41 patients were recorded , with a mean age of 101 .2 years . The number of consultations increased gradually with time ( p = 0 .008 ) . Ninety - three percent of patients lived with their families , predominantly in the rural setting . The most prevalent conditions included the prostatic syndrome ( among males ) , heart failure and chronic obstruction to the airflow . Only 20% of patients had dementia . Sixty - four percent of consultations required hospital admission , with a mortality rate of 20 .5% in this group of patients . The most common discharge diagnoses were heart failure and acute cerebrovascular accident . Conclusions A gradual increase in hospital care is likely to be excepted among centenarians , who have an acceptable health status , although with a high risk of mortality during hospital admission . | dementia |
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Abstract:
Social cognition in schizophrenia is currently one of the major fields of interest in studies of this disorder . It is commonly conceptualised as a set of mental operations underlying social interactions , and therefore related to the ability to interpret and predict the behaviour of others in different social contexts . The research community has defined the functional areas that constitute the domain of social cognition , including , at least , the theory of mind , sensory perception , social perception , and attributional bias . Different bodies of evidence have shown that alterations in these functions in patients with schizophrenia are linked to some of their main psychopathological dysfunctions , such as defects in sensory perception , insight and attributional origin , and authorship of human acts . These behavioural alterations have been linked to structural and functional disturbances in the constituents of the so - called social brain . This includes a set of medial parietal , temporal , and pre - frontal areas that have been associated with some anomalies in the theory of mind , the perception of emotions , and the ability to consider the perspective of others , phenomena commonly found in schizophrenia . Future research in the domain of social cognition should be aimed at clarifying its relationship with the social brain and neurocognition . | psychopathological dysfunctions
defects in sensory perception
structural and functional disturbances |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
SUMMARY While still most patients with hearing loss continue to benefit from conventional hearing aids , implantable hearing devices have rapidly evolved existing in the present a great variety of them . Cochlear implants remain the most used and in which there is greater experience . Implantable or semi Implantable bone conduction prosthesis changed the management of outer and middle ear atresia and malformations . Despite how promising present and future is visualized with the use of these devices , we should always keep in mind that they require a surgical procedure for implantation and are not exent of complications , which should make us judiciously choose the prosthesis to be use . | hearing loss |
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Abstract:
SUMMARY Three clinical entities related with hearing loss are considered in “Sistema de Garantías Explícitas en Salud ( GES ) ” , public health policies of the chilean government . The following article makes a critical review of the clinical guidelines with special emphasis in issue to improve . | hearing loss |
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Abstract Introduction Despite its importance , the existence of false negatives ( patients who are told they hear well , but they have some degree of hipacusia ) is rarely evaluated in programmes for early detection of hearing loss . The aim of this study is to determine the variables that can lead to a delayed diagnosis , especially the existence of false negatives and the lack of registration of risk factors . Methods A retrospective study of prevalence has been carried out , in which the medical records of children diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss born within 2005 and 2012 in the health centres of study have been analysed . Results Of the 32 children with sensorineural hearing loss , 16 passed the OAE , 12 did not passed the OAE , and in four they were not carried out . Of the children who passed the OAE , 57% have severe hearing loss . 66% of children with hearing loss presented a risk factor for hearing loss at birth , being the most frecuent family history of hearing loss , but only 7% of those with family history of hearing loss were included in the risk group . Conclusions The results of the study indicate that the late diagnosis of hearing loss is related to the presence of false negatives to the OAE and the non - registration of risk factors . | hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
severe hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Background Ageing has been linked to a high prevalence of cognitive impairment , which , in turn , has been related to balance disturbances and gait disorders . The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between subjects with and without cognitive impairment regarding the quality of gait and balance . Material and methods An observational study was conducted on institutionalised people older than 65 years ( n = 82 ) . Gait and balance was evaluated after the assessment of cognitive impairment using the Mini - Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) . Single and dual tests were used including , the 6 - minute walking , stride length , and gait speed . Timed Up and Go tests were also used to evaluate balance . Results The participants were divided into three groups : 28 subjects in the group without cognitive impairment ( MMSE ≥ 27 ) , 29 subjects with mild ( 27 < MMSE ≤ 21 ) and 26 subjects with moderate cognitive impairment ( MMSE < 21 ) . Gait assessment showed significant between - groups differences in all the variables ( _P_ < .05 ) . The variables assessing balance also showed significantly worse values in those groups with cognitive impairment . Conclusion The severity of cognitive impairment is related to impaired balance and gait , thus the clinical monitoring of these variables in population at risk is needed . | cognitive impairment
gait disorders
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
moderate cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
impaired balance and gait |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Introduction Patients with schizophrenia sometimes internalise social stigma associated to mental illness , and they develop personal stigma . Personal stigma includes self - stigma ( internalisation of negative stereotypes ) , perceived stigma ( perception of rejection ) , and experienced stigma ( experiences of discrimination ) . Personal stigma is linked with a poorer treatment adherence , and worst social functioning . For this reason , it is important to have good measurements of personal stigma . One of the most frequently used measurements is the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness ( ISMI ) scale . There is a Spanish version of the scale available , although its psychometric properties have not been studied . The main aim of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of a new Spanish version of the ISMI scale . Material and methods The new version was translated as Estigma Interiorizado de Enfermedad Mental ( EIEM ) . Internal consistency and test - retest reliability were calculated in a sample of 69 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . The rate of patients showing personal stigma was also studied , as well as the relationship between personal stigma and sociodemographic and clinical variables . Results The adapted version obtained good values of internal consistency and test - retest reliability , for the total score of the scale ( 0 .91 and 0 .95 respectively ) , as well as for the five subscales of the EIEM , except for the Stigma Resistance subscale ( Cronbach's alpha 0 .42 ) . Conclusions EIEM is an appropriate measurement tool to assess personal stigma in a Spanish population with severe mental disorder , at least in those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . | mental illness
severe mental disorder |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Introduction In recent years , an increasing number of studies published assessing the effectiveness of CT programs in patients with ABD have shown that these therapies may have beneficial effects on cognitive and functional measures . On the other hand , the efficacy of these type of treatment in patients with ND is still under debate . Objective To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a Cognitive Training ( CT ) program in patients with Acquired Brain Damage ( ABD ) and neurodegenerative diseases ( ND ) . Design/Methods 144 patients were assessed with neuropsychological , neurological , neuropsychiatry and functional assessments . The sample was divided in three groups : ABD ( G1 ) , ND ( G2 ) and mixed disorders ( G3 ) . G1 included mainly patients with Traumatic Brain injury and Stroke . G2 included patients with degenerative dementias and mild cognitive impairment . Groups were matched for age , education and number of CT sessions . The effects on cognition , behavioral , functional and quality of life ( QOL ) were considered as the primary outcome measures , and evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the CT program . Results Within G1 patients ( n = 43 ) an improvement was found in patient's basic ( - 1 .55 ; p0 .04 ) and instrumental ( - 1 .63 ; p0 .007 ) activities of daily living ( ADL ) scores , subjective memory measures ( 13 .36 ; p0 .02 ) and in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( 7 .73 ; p0 .03 ) . In G2 ( n = 34 ) an improving trend was found in instrumental ADL ( - 1 .3 ; p0 .08 ) and in some aspects of QOL ( - 1 .59 ; p0 .06 ) . No significant differences were observed within G3 patients ( n = 12 ) . Conclusions These results suggest that persons with ABD and neurodegenerative disease may improve some cognitive , behavioral , functional and QOL measures following a CT program . CT shows greater benefit for ABD patients . | degenerative dementias
mild cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
Recovery in schizophrenia is a topic that generates not only major clinical attention but also a significant economic and social impact . Until seventy years ago , these patients remained held in psychiatric institutions or asylums , usually with no hope of reintegrating into the community . A narrative review of relevant literature was conducted in order to answer key questions regarding recovery in schizophrenia . Treatment objectives in schizophrenia have changed substantially : from expecting a modest control of psychotic symptoms to considering functional recovery as a possibility . Available evidence indicates that one in seven patients with schizophrenia will achieve functional recovery , which implies that remission of positive symptoms is not the ultimate goal of treatment but only a basis for better social and cognitive functioning that translates into better quality of life . This view until recently was not believed to be possible for this major mental disorder . | mental disorder |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Donostia Longitudinal Study has investigated the effect of non - pharmacological interventions in older adults without cognitive impairment , with mild cognitive impairment and with dementia . The current work is derived from this study and aims to go in depth into the linguistic profile of participants , as well as to perform a first empirical approximation to the effect of multi - type intervention in linguistic constructs . We have had a sample of 395 subjects divided between stages from 1 to 4 of the Global Deterioration Scale ( GDS ) . There have been three groups for each stage : one of them followed an intervention established according to a pattern of decline by stages ; the second performed stimulation tasks without any theoretical background and the third did not receive any kind of intervention . The results showed a better performance in participants with GDS 1 and 2 compared to those with cognitive impairment . Between GDS 3 and 4 , differences were found in vocabulary , writing and semantic fluency , but not in listening comprehension , reading comprehension and phonological fluency . Regarding to the effect of the intervention , an improvement is observed for those variables that measure lexical - phonological processes in those participants who do not suffer cognitive impairment . | cognitive impairment
mild cognitive impairment
dementia
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
SUMMARY Hearing loss presents a major health problem . Patients with difficulty to hearing and communicating is frustrating for them causing social isolation and low self - esteem , often being associated with depression and dementia in senescence . In health area there are very few developed technologies as quickly as Cochlear Implant . In this editorial we will focus on the most important aspects such as technological innovation , extension of indications and surgical technique , and specially in education aspect and social impact . Probably there are somes aspects to investigate , these sections collect the most important issues of the technique that has revolutionized not only in Otorhinolaryngology field , however the way to deal medical condition , social and communicative human problem . | Hearing loss
difficulty to hearing and communicating
dementia |
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Abstract The auditory training with wide - band white noise is a methodology for the qualitative recovery of the hearing loss in people suffering from sensorineural hearing loss . It is based on the application of a wide - band white modified noise . In a prospective study , we have assessed the modifications of the total auditory threshold ( UAt ) , the conversational auditory threshold ( UAc ) , and the pain threshold ( Ud ) in a sample of 48 patients , who have followed a program of 15 auditory training with wide - band white noise sessions . The average improvements of the variables expressed in percentage are 0 .78% for the UAt , 0 .64% for the UAc , and 5 .31% for the Ud . From our results , it can be deduced that the auditory training with wideband white noise does not modify the pure tone thresholds , but it moves the pain threshold towards higher intensities , enlarging the dinamic auditory field . | hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract:
Objective . To evaluate the impact of a socio - educational intervention to improve the quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia . Method . Out of 132 eligible candidates , 128 patients participated with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia ( ACR 1990/2010 ) , over 18 years of age , who did not have cognitive problems or mental disorders in acute phase and lived in the catchment area of the participating CAPs . The patients underwent intervention for 5 weeks to strengthen self - management of pain and improve quality of life . Socio - demographic variables , satisfaction and quality of life ( SF - 36 ) were studied . Pre - post measurements were made on the 128 participants and follow - up at 2 months on 120 ( 8 did not agree to be contacted ) . Results . Comparing the pre - post - intervention scores ( non - parametric Wilcoxon test ) , it was found that 71 .09% reported a higher perception of quality of life in the Mental health domain and lower percentage of improvement ( 28 .91% ) in the Physical role domain . When comparing pre - post - follow - up scores ( Friedman's test ) , mean perception improved in all domains and remained at 2 - month follow - up ( P< .001 ) . Finally , the average satisfaction with the intervention received was 90 .55% ( SD 9 .86 ; min . 41 , max . 100 ) . Conclusions . When assessing the impact of the intervention , there was an improvement in the post and follow - up scores . This finding is largely due to the fact that the intervention strengthens the patient's self - mastery of their abilities to control pain and improve their perception of quality of life . | cognitive problems
mental disorders |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
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Abstract Introduction Endoscopic sinus surgery presents a series of complications that can vary depending on the technique used and the surgeon's experience . This technique needs a learning curve , which must be developed during the residence training program . Methods Descriptive and retrospective study , reviewing the medical records of endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps of 192 patients who had undergone operations performed by residents at our department between January 2002 and January 2008 . Patient sex , age , affectation scale and minor and major complications were described . All these procedures were performed by 3rd or 4th - year residents under the supervision of a faculty member . Results Of the 192 patients , 127 ( 66 .14% ) were male and 65 ( 33 .85% ) female , aged between 24 and 78 years old , with a mean age of 49 years old . Nasal endoscopy revealed polyposis of grade i , 19 ( 9 .8% ) cases ; grade ii , 55 ( 28 .6% ) ; and grade iii , 118 ( 61 .45% ) . There were 44 ( 22 .9% ) total complications , 40 ( 20 .8% ) minor and 4 ( 2 .08% ) major complications . The most common minor complication was synechia formation in 21 ( 10 .93% ) cases , followed by bleeding without need for transfusion in 12 ( 6 .25% ) . The major complication was a breach of the lamina papyracea in 4 patients ( 2 .08% ) . There were no cases of blindness , cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea , or death . Conclusions Endoscopic sinus surgery in an otolaryngology residency training program is a relatively safe procedure , especially when performed under faculty supervision . | blindness |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Rett Syndrome ( RS ) is a neurological disorder that almost exclusively affects females . RS is characterized by severe mental retardation following a period of apparent normal development in early childhood . The main clinical features include autism , spasticity , microcephaly , scoliosis , stereotyping , abnormal respiratory control and seizures . Patients with RS have been reported to be extremely sensitive to sedatives and exhibit a slow recovery from anesthesia . We describe and discuss the anesthetic management of a 26 - year - old woman with RS and distal fracture of the humerus that underwent reduction and fixation with Kirschner's wires under regional anesthesia and sedation . Intraoperatively , the patient experienced respiratory depression following the administration of 1 mg of I .V . midazolam . Our experience in this case led us to conclude and suggest that benzodiazepines should not be used in RS and in the absence of contraindications the technique of choice should be regional anesthesia . | severe mental retardation
autism |
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Abstract:
Summary Background and objectives Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis starts between the fifth and sixth decades of life , causing degeneration and death of upper and lower motor neurons . When the muscles responsible for ventilation are affected , the patient dies of respiratory failure within a few years . Case report This is a 63 years old female with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who underwent surgical treatment of a transtrochanteric fracture of the femur . The patient presented weakness of upper and lower limbs and dysarthria , and she was awake and oriented . Respiratory function : ineffective cough , decreased strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm , and reduction of the breath sounds in both lung bases . Initially , the L3/L4 epidural space was punctured and a silicon catheter was introduced to 5 cm . This was followed by a spinal puncture in the L4/L5 space and the administration of 7 .5 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine . This was followed by the administration of 37 mg of 0 .37% ropivacaine through the epidural catheter for a sensitive blockade up to T10 . The procedure evolved without complications and the patient was discharged from the hospital after three days . Conclusions The evidence has demonstrated that neuroaxis blocks can be safely performed in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis since it avoids manipulation of the airways and respiratory complications . | dysarthria |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The A1555G mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) mutation is responsible for maternally inherited non - syndromic hearing loss that is increased by aminoglycoside exposure . The objective of this study was to ascertain the frequency of the A1555G mutation among patients without family history of hearing loss or known exposition to aminoglycosides . Methods We screened for the mtDNA A1555G mutation in Spanish patients with sporadic sensorineural hearing impairment without a known family history of hearing loss or aminoglycoside exposition seen at the ENT Department in Sierrallana Hospital ( Torrelavega , Cantabria , Spain ) over a four - year period . Results A total of 219 patients with bilateral hearing loss were screened . Two of them ( 0 .9% ) had the A1555G mitochondrial DNA mutation . Both patients had a moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss for low frequency , and moderate to severe loss for high - frequency . Conclusions The mtDNA A1555G mutation in patients with sensorineural hearing loss without family history of deafness or aminoglycoside ototoxicity is infrequent in our region . We should suspect this mutation in patients younger than 50 years old , with postlingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that is more pronounced at high frequency . | maternally inherited non - syndromic hearing loss
hearing loss
sporadic sensorineural hearing impairment
hearing loss
bilateral hearing loss
moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss for low frequency
sensorineural hearing loss
deafness
postlingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone . It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism . Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010 . Material and methods A descriptive cross - sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder ( major depression , bipolar affective disorder , generalised panic disorder , panic disorder , mixed anxiety - depressive disorder , and schizophrenia ) in the aforementioned period . Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ( TSH ) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism . Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10 .5% ( 95% CI ; 5% - 16% ) . It was 12 .5% in anxiety disorder , 11 .1% in depressive disorder , with a lower prevalence of 10 .3% for bipolar disorder , and 9 .9% for schizophrenia . Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population , which is between 4 .64% and 18 .5% , and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression . | major psychiatric disorders
major psychiatric disorders
major psychiatric disorder |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Hypothyroidism results from inadequate production of thyroid hormone . It is known that there is a relationship between the major psychiatric disorders and hypothyroidism . Objective To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted due to major psychiatric disorders in Montserrat Hospital during the period from March to October 2010 . Material and methods A descriptive cross - sectional study was conducted on 105 patients admitted to Montserrat Hospital with a primary diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder ( major depression , bipolar affective disorder , generalised panic disorder , panic disorder , mixed anxiety - depressive disorder , and schizophrenia ) in the aforementioned period . Thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) was performed to assess the evidence of hypothyroidism . Results The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 10 .5% ( 95%CI , 5–16% ) . It was 12 .5% in anxiety disorder , 11 .1% in depressive disorder , with a lower prevalence of 10 .3% for bipolar disorder , and 9 .9% for schizophrenia . Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be less than in the general population , which is between 4 .64% and 18 .5% , and hypothyroidism was found in disorders other than depression . | major psychiatric disorders
major psychiatric disorders
major psychiatric disorder |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Fragile - X syndrome is an inherited form of mental retardation with a connective tissue component involving mitral valve prolapse . The most frequent manifestations of fragile - X syndrome are learning disability , orofacial morphological alterations and macroorchidism . The usefulness of advanced haemodynamic monitoring for goal - directed therapy is increasingly high during neurosurgical procedures . Non - invasive cardiac output monitoring may be considered as a new alternative for emergency neurosurgical procedures . Our aim was to detect hemodynamic changes in a syndromic fragile - X patient , given the usual concomitant presentation of cardiovascular disease , such as mitral valve prolapse and dilated aortic root , in an attempt at obtaining the best intraoperative and postoperative neurological outcomes without worsening cardiovascular function , by means of individualised intra - operative goal directed therapy . This type of non - invasive monitoring allows surgery to proceed without delay and provides excellent information of the hemodynamic status . This syndrome is relevant due to its anaesthetic implications and the paucity of cases published to date . | mental retardation
learning disability |
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