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how to get out of maze	G.O.O.T.M.U. G.O.O.T.M.U. (Get Out of the Maze Unit) is a game for 2–6 players where players try to navigate around a maze of randomly laid tiles. ITURO The robots in this category are to finish the maze in two stages: Memorizing and application. The robots try to track the correct path by distinguish the right and wrong paths over the maze and aim to get out of it. Each robot compete one-by-one and the robot that managed to get out of the maze in the shortest period of time wins the competition. Crashing on walls and tracking the wrong path in the application stage occurs a penalty in the scoring. The corridors are 20 cm long and 20 cm wide. Maze Maze solving is the act of finding a route through the maze from the start to finish. Some maze solving methods are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas others are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Porteus Maze test Participants must trace through a maze without crossing maze lines, entering a blind alley or backtracking. Participants who violate these rules then work the same maze for a reduced score. The level of difficulty of the maze determines the typical number of failed attempts. The number of trials required to complete a given maze is the measure. The number of seconds to finish each maze is an indicator of cognitive efficiency, since time may be spent on apparently fast but incorrect decisions. Cincinnati Water Maze The Cincinnati Water Maze (CWM) is a type of water maze. Water mazes are experimental equipment used in laboratories; they are mazes that are partially filled with water, and rodents are put in them to be observed and timed as they make their way through the maze. Generally two sets of rodents are put through the maze, one that has been treated, and another that has not, and the results are compared. The experimenter uses this type of maze to learn about the subject's cognitive or emotional processes. Labyrinthula A labyrinth is a synonym of a maze, reflecting the ectoplasmic net, which gives the protist a net-like shape which resembles a maze. The word comes from Ancient Greek λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “maze”). Maze Chartwell Castle in Johannesburg claims to have the biggest known uninterrupted hedgerow maze in the Southern world, with over 900 conifers. It covers about 6000 sq.m. (approximately 1.5 acres), which is around 5 times bigger than The Hampton Court Maze. The center is about 12m × 12m. The maze was designed and laid out by Conrad Penny. Maze Maze generation is the act of designing the layout of passages and walls within a maze. There are many different approaches to generating mazes, with various maze generation algorithms for building them, either by hand or automatically by computer.	Getting out of a maze can be a challenging task, but with a few tips and strategies, it can be accomplished. Here are some steps to follow to help you get out of a maze: Stay Calm and Focused: Getting lost in a maze can be frustrating, but it's important to stay calm and focused. Take deep breaths, relax, and clear your mind. This will help you to think more clearly and make better decisions. Plan Your Route: Take a few minutes to look at the maze from above, if possible, and try to identify the route to the exit. Identify landmarks or walls that you can use as reference points. Look for any dead ends, and try to avoid them. Follow One Wall: If you can't identify the exit route, try to follow one wall of the maze. Keep your hand on the wall and follow it all the way around the maze. This will help you to stay on track and avoid getting lost in circles. Mark Your Path: If you have something to mark your path, such as chalk, breadcrumbs, or a pen, use it to mark your route as you go. This way, you can avoid taking the same path multiple times and can backtrack if necessary. Look for Clues: Keep an eye out for clues that may help you find your way out, such as arrows or signs. Many mazes also have hidden clues or puzzles that can help you find the exit, so keep your eyes open. Ask for Help: If you're still struggling to find your way out, don't be afraid to ask for help. Many mazes have staff members who can guide you out or provide you with clues. With these tips in mind, you should be able to find your way out of a maze. Remember to stay calm, plan your route, and look for clues, and you'll be out in no time!	creative_writing
Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Lancia, Lincoln	Lancia Ardea The Lancia Ardea is a small family car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1939 and 1953. Its unusually short bonnet reportedly contained the smallest V4 engine ever commercialized in a small family car. Lancia Delta (1911) The Lancia 20-30 HP (Tipo 56), later renamed Lancia Delta, is a passenger car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia during 1911. Lancia Appia The Lancia Appia is a passenger car introduced in 1953 by Italian car manufacturer Lancia as a replacement for the Ardea, and which remained in production for ten years. Lancia Augusta The Lancia Augusta is a small passenger car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1933 and 1936. It made its première at the 1932 Paris Motor Show. The car was powered by a 1,196 cc Lancia V4 engine. Lancia Epsilon The Lancia 20/30 HP (Tipo 58), later known as Lancia Epsilon, is a passenger car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia between 1911 and 1912. The car was quite similar to the previous 20/30 HP Delta model. In total 357 were made. Lancia Beta The Lancia Beta (Type 828) was an entry-level luxury car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia from 1972 to 1984. It was the first new model introduced by Lancia after it had been taken over by Fiat in 1969. Lancia Artena The Lancia Artena (Tipo 228) is a passenger car produced by Italian car manufacturer Lancia from 1931 until 1936, and from 1940 until 1942 chiefly for army and government use. It was powered by a 2-litre Lancia V4 engine, while chassis and factory bodies were shared with the more luxurious 2.6-litre V8-engined Lancia Astura. Rollston Rollston built bodies for chassis supplied by Bugatti, Buick, Cadillac, Chrysler, Cord, Duesenberg, Ford, Hispano-Suiza, Lancia, Lincoln, Mercedes-Benz, Minerva, Packard, Peerless, Pierce-Arrow, Rolls-Royce, Stearns-Knight and Stutz. Lancia Aurelia The Lancia Aurelia is a car produced by Italian manufacturer Lancia from 1950 to the summer of 1958. It is noted for using one of the first series-production V6 engines. Lancia Lancia () is an Italian car manufacturer and a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is currently a Stellantis division. The present legal entity of Lancia was formed in January 2007 when its corporate parent reorganised its businesses, but its history is traced back to Lancia & C., a manufacturing concern founded in 1906 in Torino by Vincenzo Lancia (1881–1937) and Claudio Fogolin. It became part of Fiat in 1969.	Lancia is Italian, Lincoln is American	classification
Which of these are international tennis players: Virat Kohli, Pete Sampras, Mike Tyson, Roger Federer	Half volley Arguably the greatest half-volleyer in history is John McEnroe; other professionals such as Stefan Edberg, Pete Sampras and Roger Federer had excellent half volleys that were used as weapons. BNP Paribas Showdown Some of the greatest players of all-time participated in the BNP Paribas Showdown, including Roger Federer, Serena Williams, Pete Sampras, Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Andy Murray and Bob & Mike Bryan. Pete Sampras Tennis '97 Pete Sampras Tennis '97 is a tennis video game developed and published by Codemasters. It was released for Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS. It was also released for the PlayStation as Sampras Extreme Tennis. It was endorsed by multiple Grand Slam champion Pete Sampras who appears in the game as an unlockable character. It is the third and final game in the Pete Sampras Tennis series, following Pete Sampras Tennis and Sampras Tennis 96. Tommy Robredo Robredo's childhood tennis idol was Stefan Edberg, along with John McEnroe, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, and various Spanish tennis players. He cites Arantxa Sánchez (with whom he won the 2002 Hopman Cup for Spain) as his favorite female player among retired players; among recently active players his favorite male and female players are Roger Federer and Justine Henin. 2009 Roger Federer tennis season The year saw Federer accomplishing three major goals: winning his first French Open title, breaking Pete Sampras's record of 14 Grand Slam wins, and regaining the no. 1 ranking from Rafael Nadal. Pete Sampras Due to his achievements, Sampras is regarded by many as one of the greatest tennis players in the history of the sport. In particular, he is remembered for his excellent technique and his mastery of the serve-and-volley playstyle. Sampras is considered to be one of the best serve-and-volley players in tennis history. Clash of Times The “center piece” being the Clash of Times challenge match between Roger Federer and Pete Sampras, as well as an ATP Challenger Series tournament – the Malaysia Open. BNP Paribas Showdown The event was launched in 2008 as the NetJets Showdown, and it represented a return of tennis to Madison Square Garden after almost a decade-long hiatus. A sold-out crowd watched Roger Federer and Pete Sampras—two of the most prominent players at the time—face-off. Federer defeated Sampras in a classic, 6–3, 6-7(4), 7-6(6). Tennis strategy Examples of professional tennis players who could be considered as all-rounders are David Nalbandian, Tommy Haas, Feliciano López, Marcelo Ríos, Cédric Pioline, Carlos Moyá, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, Michael Stich, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Andy Murray, Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, Pete Sampras, Rod Laver, Don Budge, Lew Hoad, Bill Tilden, Ken Rosewall, Ellsworth Vines in men's singles and Daniela Hantuchová, Agnieszka Radwańska, Amélie Mauresmo, Justine Henin, Martina Hingis, Steffi Graf, Helen Wills, Suzanne Lenglen in women's singles. Sampras Tennis 96 It was Endorsed by Pete Sampras, one of the best-known tennis players of the late 20th century. The game is pretty standard tennis sim fare. It features a first-person behind-the-back view of the court with player's choice of multiple male or female players and pick of several different styles of play - including head-to-head and mixed doubles.	International tennis players are: Pete Sampras and Roger Federer Virat Kohli is an international cricket player Mike Tyson is an international boxer	classification
What is baseball?	Baseball Almanac Baseball Almanac is an interactive baseball encyclopedia with over 500,000 pages of baseball facts, research, awards, records, feats, lists, notable quotations, baseball movie ratings, and statistics. Its goal is to preserve the history of baseball. Baseball Prospectus Baseball Prospectus has originated several popular new statistical tools that have become hallmarks of baseball analysis. Baseball Prospectus is accredited by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Four of Baseball Prospectus's current regular writers are members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America and thus eligible to vote for nominees for Major League Baseball's post-season awards and the Baseball Hall of Fame. Variations of baseball Baseball5 is a variation of baseball which does not have several elements of conventional baseball, such as pitchers and bats. Japanese-style baseball Cuba has its own version of Japanese-style baseball, and a similar type of baseball is also played in Taiwan. Baseball Mogul Microsoft Baseball 2001 was an action-oriented baseball game that used the Baseball Mogul engine and allowed players to control the franchise. MLB Slugfest and MLB Slugfest: Loaded are a series of action-oriented baseball games for PS2, Xbox and GameCube that used the Baseball Mogul engine for in-game and franchise simulation. Sports in North America The Cuban National Series is the primary domestic amateur baseball competition in Cuba. It forms part of the Cuban baseball league system, run by the Baseball Federation of Cuba, the governing body of baseball in that country. Amateur baseball in the United States consists of various organizations. Primarily because of MiLB, college baseball in the U.S. plays a smaller role in developing professional players than what college football and basketball do with its players. Amateur baseball in Canada includes Ligue de Baseball Élite du Québec, the New Brunswick Senior Baseball League, and the Nova Scotia Senior Baseball League. World Baseball Classic The World Baseball Classic (WBC) is an international baseball tournament sanctioned from 2006 to 2013 by the International Baseball Federation (IBAF) and after 2013 by World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) in partnership with Major League Baseball (MLB). It was proposed to the IBAF by Major League Baseball (MLB), the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA), and other professional baseball leagues and their players associations around the world. It is one of the two main senior baseball tournaments sanctioned by the WBSC, but the only one which grants to the winner the title of World Champion. Replay Publishing Writing for Command, Dennis Agosta compared Replay Baseball to two contemporary tabletop baseball games, Strat-O-Matic Baseball and APBA Baseball, and said Replay Baseball is the best of the three games. [Unlike APBA Baseball], Replay Baseball does not suffer from statistical inaccuracies introduced by manager actions. Agosta concluded, Replay does not have an advanced game — all of the advanced features of S-O-M and APBA Master Game are built into the basic game and are used with no difficulty. Baseball NT Alice Springs has six teams; Bulls, Cubs, Demons, Panthers, Redbacks and Venom. In Alice Springs, baseball is a summer sport, usually played between October and March. Baseball in Alice Springs is controlled by the Alice Springs Baseball Association. Baseball ACT Baseball ACT is the governing body of Baseball within the Australian Capital Territory. Baseball ACT is governed by the Australian Baseball Federation	Baseball is a sport. It is played on a baseball field by 9 players on each team. Each team takes turn fielding and pitching. A normal game is nine innings. An inning is when each team gets three outs while on defense. Baseball is considered America's pastime due to its popularity.	general_qa
If I have auditioned for and accepted a role in a local, community theater production, is it acceptable to drop the show later if something else comes along I like better?	Aileen Quinn When she was young, Quinn was introduced to show business by her mother, who was a TV, radio, and stage singer/actress then elementary school teacher. Quinn begged to audition for a part in a local community theater production of Annie Get Your Gun and won a role. She performed in additional community productions. Frank Sinatra: Live at Melbourne Festival Hall I do believe this is my interval, as we say... We've been having a marvelous time being chased around the country for three days. You know, I think it's worth mentioning because it's so idiotic, it's so ridiculous what's been happening. We came all the way to Australia because I chose to come here. I haven't been here for a long time and I wanted to come back for a few days. Wait now, wait. I'm not buttering anybody at all. I don't have to. I really don't have to. I like coming here. I like the people. I love your attitude. I like the booze and the beer and everything else that comes into the scene. I also like the way the country's growing, and it's a swinging place. Ripper Street Rothenberg's involvement in the show was more straightforward, as he auditioned during pilot series. In an interview with both Flynn and Rothenberg, the latter states: I auditioned for it, got it, and then showed up. That’s as simple as it was for me, to which Flynn chimes in, claiming: It was very funny, though, 'cause when he [Rothenberg] did show up, he was like, 'I don’t know how the fuck I got here!' Flynn's casting experience was similar: It was pretty basic for me. The writer, Richard Warlow, had seen me in Game of Thrones, playing Bronn, and asked about casting me. Regional Community Theater While in post-production, Sperber was singing How can we be the best, yet be failing all the time? for the title track, which elicited uproarious laughter from Pursel. In a Billboard interview, she explains I sang the word best, like a total, unabashed thespian spazz, arms raised to the sky, channeling my very best Bernadette Peters [and] once we composed ourselves I said, Geez Ty, I am so sorry for getting all Regional Community Theater on your ass to which he said It's okay, Teet, as long as that can be the title of our record. Elinor Otto Otto mainly worked for economic reasons, because she had to take care of her mother and son. She has also said that, I'm a working person, I guess. I like to work. I like to be around people that work. I like to get up, get out of the house, get something accomplished during the day. Daewon Song I like skateboarding for what it is. I like being able to do it by myself. You need another person to hit the ball. You need someone to pitch something at you or block for you to make a basket. With skateboarding, I just pick up my board and do exactly what I want to do. Some days I have a good day and some days I feel like a complete dip-shit; like I've never been skateboarding in my life. I love the experience of it. I love the fact that on one day I can do everything I've ever learned and the next day I feel like I've lost everything. That's skateboarding. It's amazing. I like the challenges. Skateboarding is one of the most challenging things. Bill Johnson (skier) Basically, any downhill skier is a daredevil, and I'm no exception, he said before the Winter Games in the former Yugoslavia. I like to drive cars faster than 100 [miles per hour]. I like to go over bumps in my car and get airborne. I like to drink. I chase girls full time, but I only drink part time. Nam Le In an interview on Australian ABC radio, he said he turned from law to writing due to his love of reading: I loved reading, and if you asked me why I decided to become a writer, that's the answer right there, because I was a reader and I was just so enthralled and thrilled by the stuff that I'd read that I just thought; what could be better? How could you possibly better spend your time than trying to recreate that feeling for other people. In the same interview he said that his first writing was poetry. Anthony Bean Community Theater Anthony Bean Community Theater & Acting School (ABCT) was established in the spring of 2000. , the company was New Orleans' only African-American community theatre. Founder Anthony Bean established the theater and drama school with the goal of representing those who have no voice. Scott Rolle Rolle began acting in local community theater productions put on by the Fredericktowne Players, Montgomery Playhouse, and No Dog Theater Productions. He went on to supporting roles in the independent films Substance and Money Matters as well as various commercials and training films.	No, even small, local theaters take role acceptance very seriously. There is no contract, so they cannot keep you from dropping out, but doing so often will burn your bridges with the producing and artist team. Choose your projects carefully, and keep the lines of communication open. If you have auditioned for more than one show, it is possible to ask to wait to accept the role until you have heard back from both opportunities. However, the offer of a role may be rescinded if you don't accept right away. Most companies will not wait longer than a few hours/few days to hear back whether you will accept the role or not. Once accepted, dropping out of the show for any reason other than personal or family emergencies or health situations is generally frowned upon.	general_qa
What is the recipe for a successful hackathon?	Rhyming recipe A rhyming recipe is a recipe expressed in the form of a rhyming poem. Now mainly a curiosity, rhyming recipes were a common expedient for homemakers to memorize recipes in the late 19th and early 20th century. Joshua Tauberer He serves as a member of the D.C. government's Open Government Advisory Group and the Congressional Data Coalition, is the author of Open Government Data: the Book, and co-organized the now defunct yearly Open Data Day DC conference. Among his notable writings are So You Want to Reform Democracy and How to Run a Successful Hackathon. Susan Stamberg Each Thanksgiving since 1971, Stamberg provides NPR listeners with her mother-in-law's recipe for a cranberry relish sauce that is unusual in having horseradish as one of its principal ingredients. Each year Stamberg comes up with a new way to present the recipe in a new way, notably sharing the dish with rapper Coolio in 2010. The recipe is known as Mama Stamberg's Cranberry Relish Recipe, although it was originally published in 1959 by Craig Claiborne in his food column. The Pickle Recipe The Pickle Recipe is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Manasseri and starring Jon Dore, Lynn Cohen and David Paymer. Hackathon PennApps at the University of Pennsylvania was the first student-run college hackathon; in 2015 it became the largest college hackathon with its 12th iteration hosting over 2000 people and offering over $60k in prizes. The University of Mauritius Computer Club and Cyberstorm.mu organized a Hackathon dubbed Code Wars focused on implementing an IETF RFC in Lynx in 2017. Cooper Harris Harris won the AT&T Hackathon in Los Angeles, and shortly thereafter build the first Innovation and Tech Summit during the Sundance film festival, called Collective. As part of this initiative, she co-founded Hackdance, a social impact hackathon that brought celebrities together to create apps or platforms that would change the world for the better. Cooper then went on to judge and produce the South by Southwest Hackathon, a hackathon for PBS, and the BritWeek children’s hackathon. Hackathon The annual hackathon to work on the operating system OpenBSD, held since 1999, is one such event; it may have originated the word hackathon. Hackathon When the hackathon event begins, the participating individuals or teams start their programming work. The administrator of the hackathon is typically able to answer questions and offer help when their issues come up in the event. Tzatziki In Cyprus, the dish is known as (talattouri) and is similar to the Greek recipe with a more characteristic flavour of mint and added acidity in the form of lemon juice. Devthon The process differs from to a hackathon due to its emphasis on immersion, discovery, and design. Devthons are also not time-constrained like a hackathon, and can run for a few weeks.	LabCorp had its second annual “Innovation Days” (or hackathon) event in February, 2020. The event was a success, and this post describes the secret ingredient that helped make it a success: Lipton® Onion Soup Mix. The soup mix captures the essence of a successful hackathon… some functional, and some personal to the LabCorp leadership. The first reason that the soup mix embodies the spirit of the hackathon is simple: the product is rarely used as it was intended: to make soup. In fact, the soup mix launched into culinary notoriety in the early 1950s for its role in a non-soup recipe: potato chip dip. Referred to as “California Dip” originally, this recipe takes bland sour cream and gives it a flavorful zing and distinctive texture. For over half a century, this soup mix has been a party favorite thanks to people hacking a recipe and using materials in an unexpected manner. The benefit of the soup mix as a dip enhancer is that it helps speed up the process of making a consistently flavorful dip. For people participating in a hackathon, this is something to look for: can hackathon ideas or aspects of the hackathon projects be applied to existing processes to help streamline them? The journey of “inventing” the soup mix also captures the essence of the hackathon. The engineer who helped create this soup mix had failed years earlier. He was not trying to make soup during the Second World War, he was trying to save lives. So he invented a - sadly ineffective - method for freeze-drying blood that could be reconstituted on the battlefield to save lives. His vision for “dried blood” being used on the battlefield was not viable. Let’s hope it did not require too many “QA” folks to realize this product was DOA. Years later, however, it was the method of freeze-drying that was in his mind when he helped design Lipton® Onion Soup Mix. LabCorp CIO, Lance Berberian told the origin story of Lipton® Onion Soup Mix as the keynote speaker during the Innovation Days event. Mr. Berberian recounted the story from his uncle, and, like many stories told by uncles, we hope it to be true. The take-away message, as it relates to hackathons: remember your failed attempts. Aspects of your failed attempts may be core to your future successes. Mr. Berberian was very engaged in the hackathon. In fact, his leadership team was front-and-center on launch day as well as on presentation day. The story about his uncle was powerful because it set the tone for the event: experiment, learn, network, and expect the unexpected. And the unexpected did happen during the event. Near the end of presentation day, a participant in the audience suddenly collapsed and began seizing. Many folks rushed to help and call 911. As a compassionate leader, Mr. Berberian was on the front-lines of the incident, and he stayed with the sick colleague while we waited for an ambulance to arrive. This, I believe, captures the true secret ingredient of a successful hackathon: engaged leadership.	creative_writing
What's the most impressive thing happened in the world since you were born?	Marek Niedźwiecki One of the most famous quotes from Marek Niedźwiecki is The Charts is the most important thing that happened in my life. I think that nothing more interesting can ever happen to me. Arisa White Arisa White is an American poet based in Oakland, California. She is a Cave Canem fellow and author of the poetry chapbooks Disposition for Shininess, Post Pardon, and Black Pearl, and the books Hurrah's Nest, A Penny Saved, and You're the Most Beautiful Thing That Happened. Victoria Napolitano She married her high school sweetheart, Vinny Napolitano, who she met in 2003 when they were both in a production of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. The pair moved to the Lenola section of Moorestown in 2010 and currently reside in West Moorestown. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Airdevronsix Icefalls This icefall belongs to world's most impressive natural landmarks and is approximately wide and tall. It has formed on Jurassic dolerite sill, which has intruded in Devonian - Triassic sandstone. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Jeevuba Jeevuba, otherwise known as Motiba, Poonamatiba (name given since she was born on Poonam), and Jaya, was born in 1785 (Samvat (calendars) year 1841). Her father's name was Abhel Khachar and she had many siblings including a younger sister named Lalita. She was a very staunch devotee of Swaminarayan. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Pururavas Pururavas was born in Treta Yuga, as the son of Budha and Ila. Budha was the son of Chandra, the moon god, and thus Pururavas was the first Chandravamsha King. Since he was born on Mount Puru, he was called Pururavas.	The day that I was born is just like yesterday and the most impressive thing I saw is that people never learned from history.	brainstorming
Which are the U.S. cities and which are U.S. states in this list? Montana, Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Honolulu, Florida, Austin, South Dakota	The Dakotas The Dakotas is a collective term for the U.S. states of North Dakota and South Dakota. It has been used historically to describe the Dakota Territory, and is still used for the collective heritage, culture, geography, fauna, sociology, economy, and cuisine among the two states. Scouting in South Dakota The Northern Lights Council serves North Dakota, and counties in South Dakota, northwest Minnesota and northeast Montana. South Dakota Highway 49 South Dakota Highway 49 (SD 49) is a long state route that runs north to south in south-central South Dakota. It begins at a junction with South Dakota Highway 47 just south of the White River, and terminates at the junction of U.S. Highway 18 and U.S. Highway 183 in Colome. November Project The workouts were hosted in five cities in the U.S.: San Francisco, Washington D.C., New York, Chicago and Boston. Regional designations of Montana The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service includes Montana in the Mountain-Prairie region which includes Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south, and Montana to the west. It is believed to host the geographic center of North America, Rugby, and is home to the tallest man-made structure in the Western Hemisphere, the KVLY-TV mast. 2017 American League Championship Series This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. South Dakota wine South Dakota wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Its region stretches between the latitudes of 42°N and 45°N sharing these latitudes with some of the most famous wine-producing areas in the world, including Bordeaux and Italy's Tuscany. South Dakota has a small wine industry, which must contend with extremes of heat in the summer and cold in the winter. The only grape species that naturally performs well in South Dakota is Vitis riparia, a species not generally used for wine production. The wineries in South Dakota have focused exclusively on cold-resistant French hybrid grapes. At present, there are no American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) in South Dakota, save for the state-level appellation. Regional designations of Montana The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) includes Montana with North and South Dakota in its Montana-Dakotas region. The Dakotas The following are the top twenty-two most populous cities in The Dakotas. Pierre, South Dakota, and Bismarck, North Dakota, are the respective state capitals.	U.S. cities in the list: Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Honolulu, Austin U.S. states in the list: Montana, New York, Florida, South Dakota	classification
What is a Semantic Layer?	Semantic layer By using common business terms, rather than data language, to access, manipulate, and organize information, a semantic layer simplifies the complexity of business data. Business terms are stored as objects in a semantic layer, which are accessed through business views. Semantic layer A semantic layer is a business representation of corporate data that helps end users access data autonomously using common business terms managed through Business semantics management. A semantic layer maps complex data into familiar business terms such as product, customer, or revenue to offer a unified, consolidated view of data across the organization. Semantic layer The semantic layer enables business users to have a common look and feel when accessing and analyzing data stored in relational databases and OLAP cubes. This is claimed to be core business intelligence (BI) technology that frees users from IT while ensuring correct results. Semantic field Related to the concept of hyponymy, but more loosely defined, is the notion of a semantic field or domain. A semantic field denotes a segment of reality symbolized by a set of related words. The words in a semantic field share a common semantic property. Semantic lexicon A semantic lexicon is a digital dictionary of words labeled with semantic classes so associations can be drawn between words that have not previously been encountered. Semantic lexicons are built upon semantic networks, which represent the semantic relations between words. The difference between a semantic lexicon and a semantic network is that a semantic lexicon has definitions for each word, or a gloss. Semantic similarity network A semantic similarity network (SSN) is a special form of semantic network. designed to represent concepts and their semantic similarity. Its main contribution is reducing the complexity of calculating semantic distances. Bendeck (2004, 2008) introduced the concept of semantic similarity networks (SSN) as the specialization of a semantic network to measure semantic similarity from ontological representations. Implementations include genetic information handling. Semantic class A semantic class contains words that share a semantic feature. For example within nouns there are two sub classes, concrete nouns and abstract nouns. The concrete nouns include people, plants, animals, materials and objects while the abstract nouns refer to concepts such as qualities, actions, and processes. According to the nature of the noun, they are categorized into different semantic classes. Semantic classes may intersect. The intersection of female and young can be girl. Semantic network A semantic network, or frame network is a knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation. It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts, and edges, which represent semantic relations between concepts, mapping or connecting semantic fields. A semantic network may be instantiated as, for example, a graph database or a concept map. Typical standardized semantic networks are expressed as semantic triples. Semantic memory TLC is an instance of a more general class of models known as semantic networks. In a semantic network, each node is to be interpreted as representing a specific concept, word, or feature. That is, each node is a symbol. Semantic networks generally do not employ distributed representations for concepts, as may be found in a neural network. The defining feature of a semantic network is that its links are almost always directed (that is, they only point in one direction, from a base to a target) and the links come in many different types, each one standing for a particular relationship that can hold between any two nodes. Processing in a semantic network often takes the form of spreading activation (see above). Lexical semantics In English, WordNet is an example of a semantic network. It contains English words that are grouped into synsets. Some semantic relations between these synsets are meronymy, hyponymy, synonymy, and antonymy.	A Semantic Layer provides a friendly abstraction to data such that users can get trustworthy answers from data without an understanding of its technical representation.	general_qa
what is Asia	Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. Demographics of the world The world's population is over 8 billion and Earth's total surface area (including land and water) is . Therefore, the worldwide human population density is 8 billion ÷ = . If only the Earth's land area of is taken into account, then human population density increases to . Asia Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the longest coastline, at . Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 49 countries, five of them (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) are transcontinental countries lying partly in Europe. Geographically, Russia is partly in Asia, but is considered a European nation, both culturally and politically. Fox language Fox I is an abugida based on the cursive French alphabet (see Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics). Consonants written by themselves are understood to be syllables containing the vowel /a/. They are l /pa/, t /ta/, s /sa/, d /ša/, tt /ča/, I /ya/, w /wa/, m /ma/, n /na/, /ka/, q /kwa/. The characters d for /š/, tt for /č/, and q for /kw/ derive from French ch, tch, and q(u). Gouvelândia The distance to state capital, Goiânia, is 299 km. Highway connections from Goiânia are by GO-040 / Aragoiânia / Cromínia / GO-215 / Pontalina / GO-040 / Aloândia / Bom Jesus de Goiás / BR-452 / Itumbiara / GO-206 / BR-483 / Cachoeira Dourada / Inaciolândia. See Sepin for all the distances. Bulgarian conjugation These verbs use the thematic vowel а (/a/ or /ə/) between the stem and the personal endings. The stems of these verbs end in a consonant different from ж /ʒ/, ч /tʃ/, ш /ʃ/, д (/d̪/), т (/t̪/), с (/s/), з (/z/) or к (/k/), and their citation forms end in а. This class contains over 400 main verbs. Posse, Goiás Municipal boundaries are with Alvorada do Norte, Buritinópolis, Iaciara, Guarani de Goiás, Mambaí, Simolândia and the state of Bahia. The capital, Goiânia, lies at a distance of 515 km and connections are made by taking BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-060 / Abadiânia / Alexânia / Sobradinho / Planaltina / (DF) / Formosa / BR-020 / BR-030 / Bezerra / BR-020 / Vila Boa / Alvorada do Norte / GO-108. Chara language Nouns and adjectives may be marked for nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, ablative, instrumental, or vocative case. The nominative suffix is /-i/, accusative /-(i)s/, dative /-(i)ri/, genitive /-e/, ablative /-kaj/, instrumental /-ne/, and vocative /-o/. Mundo Novo, Goiás The distance to the state capital, Goiânia, is 429 km. Highway connections are made by GO-070 / Goianira / Inhumas / Itaberaí / BR-070 / Goiás / GO-164 / Faina / Araguapaz / Nova Crixás / GO-156 for 42 km. São Simão, Goiás The distance to the state capital, Goiânia is 365 km. Highway connections are made by BR-060 / Abadia de Goiás / Guapó / Indiara / Acreúna / GO-164 / Santa Helena de Goiás / Quirinópolis / BR-483 / GO-164 / Paranaiguara / BR-364.	Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ (listen), also UK: /ˈeɪʃə/) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population, having more people than all other continents combined.	summarization
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Esterilla, Geomungo	Esterilla The esterilla is a traditional percussion instrument from Colombia. The esterilla consists of long, narrow pieces of wood woven together in a similar fashion as a placemat. The instrument is played by either bending it or rubbing it against itself. This instrument dates back to the 1960s. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Geomungo Modernized geomungo increases the strings to 11, which are made of nylon. As with the traditional version, three strings are over the frets and the others are all open. But the traditional version of the geomungo has 6 strings, with three over the frets. Geomungo The geomungo (also spelled komungo or kŏmun'go) or hyeongeum (literally black zither, also spelled hyongum or hyŏn'gŭm) is a traditional Korean plucked zither with both bridges and frets. Geomungo is a representative stringed instrument made in Goguryeo before the 5th century. Scholars believe that the name refers to Goguryeo and translates to Goguryeo zither or that it refers to the colour and translates to black crane zither (hyeonhakgeum, 현학금 / 玄鶴琴). Rattle (percussion beater) A rattle is a percussion beater that is attached to or enclosed by a percussion instrument so that motion of the instrument will cause the rattle to strike the instrument and create musical sound. Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium There are many music rooms with string, percussion, woodwind and brass instruments, as well as pianos and keyboards. Additionally, pupils have to study music theory. Every student that plays an instrument like the piano, recorder or flute can join the school's Highschool Band. String instrument String instrument design was refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period (1600–1750) of musical history. Violins and guitars became more consistent in design and were roughly similar to acoustic guitars of the 2000s. The violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill-plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars. Pitched percussion instrument A pitched percussion instrument (also known as a melodic or tuned percussion instrument) is a percussion instrument used to produce musical notes of one or more pitches, as opposed to an unpitched percussion instrument which is used to produce sounds of indefinite pitch. String instrument String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.	Geomungo is string, Esterilla is percussion.	classification
What is the fastest production car in the world?	Škoda Auto In August 2011, a special Škoda Octavia vRS set a world record at the Bonneville Speedway and became the fastest production car in the world with an engine up to two litres, when it hit . The current fastest production Škoda car is the Škoda Superb III, with a top speed of and an acceleration from in 5.8 seconds. Ruf CTR The Ruf CTR had its first appearance in April 1987 at the World's Fastest Cars contest held by American car magazine Road & Track where it was designated The Fastest Production Car in the World. Production car speed record Some cars were not considered to be the fastest production vehicles, for various reasons. Here is a list of some well-known cars that have not been able to meet standards needed to be the fastest production car. Ruf CTR2 Capable of accelerating from in under 3.5 seconds and achieving a top speed in excess of - actual recorded top speed was - in 1995 the CTR2 was the fastest production sports car in the world; it outperformed Ferrari's F50 (204 mph), Jaguar's XJ220 (213 mph), and performed on par with Nissan's R390 GT1 (another 220 mph supercar). The McLaren F1 was the only other production car at the time that broke the CTR2's record, by clocking a top speed of 241 mph in 1998, which then made the Ruf CTR2 the 2nd fastest production car of the decade. Jaguar Cars 1992 saw the introduction of the mid-engined, twin-turbo XJ220, powered by a V6 engine. The XJ220 was confirmed the fastest production car in the world at the time after Martin Brundle recorded a speed of on the Nardo track in Italy. Graham Hathaway Guinness World Speed records achieved for Fastest Production Car 0-60 3.07sec, 0-100 7.06sec, 0-100-0 12.6secs, which stood up until 2006 Rimac Nevera The Nevera allegedly has the ability to accelerate from in 1.85 seconds, making it potentially the fastest-accelerating production car in the world. According to Rimac Automobili, it accelerates from in 4.3 seconds, in 9.3 seconds, and has a top speed of . Koenigsegg On 28 February 2005, at 12:08 pm local time, in Nardò, Italy, the CCR broke the Guinness World Record for the fastest production car in the world, having attained on the Nardò Ring (a circular track of circumference), breaking the record previously held by the McLaren F1. Hydrofoil Hobie Sailboats produced a production foiling trimaran, the Hobie Trifoiler, the fastest production sailboat. Trifoilers have clocked speeds upward of thirty knots. Dauer 962 Le Mans The Dauer 962 was called the 'fastest street-legal production car in the world' in the Evo September 2003 issue. It was succeeded by the Bugatti Veyron which reached in 2007.	The fastest production car in the world is currently the Bugatti Chiron Supersport 300+ due to its actually demonstrated 304mph top speed.	open_qa
From the following description of the Hatfield-McCoy feud, identify the person condidered the leader of the Hatfields.	Hatfield–McCoy feud The Hatfield–McCoy feud, also described by journalists as the Hatfield–McCoy conflict, involved two rural American families of the West Virginia–Kentucky area along the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River in the years 1863–1891. The Hatfields of West Virginia were led by William Anderson Devil Anse Hatfield, while the McCoys of Kentucky were under the leadership of Randolph Ole Ran'l McCoy. Those involved in the feud were descended from Joseph Hatfield and William McCoy (born 1750). The feud has entered the American folklore lexicon as a metonym for any bitterly feuding rival parties. Family feuds in the United States Perhaps the most infamous feud in the history of the U.S., the Hatfield–McCoy conflict is an iconic and legendary event in American folklore. The Hatfields, of West Virginia, were led by William Anderson Devil Anse Hatfield. The McCoys, of Kentucky, were under the leadership of Randolph Ole Ran’l McCoy. Randolph McCoy Randolph Randall or Ole Ran'l McCoy (October 30, 1825 – March 28, 1914) was the patriarch of the McCoy clan involved in the infamous American Hatfield–McCoy feud. He was born the fourth of thirteen children to Daniel McCoy (1790–1885) and Margaret Taylor McCoy (1800–1868) and lived mostly on the Kentucky side of Tug Fork, a tributary of the Big Sandy River. Juliana Hatfield Her father claimed his family descended from the West Virginia Hatfields of the Hatfield–McCoy feud following the Civil War. Her father served in the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War. Hatfield–McCoy feud The second recorded instance of violence in the feud occurred thirteen years later, in 1878, after a dispute about the ownership of a hog: Floyd Hatfield, a cousin of Anse's, owned the hog, but Randolph McCoy claimed it was his, saying that the notches on the pig's ears were McCoy, not Hatfield, marks. The matter was taken to the local Justice of the Peace, Anderson Preacher Anse Hatfield, who ruled in favor of the Hatfields by the testimony of Bill Staton, a relative of both families. In June 1880, Staton was killed by two McCoy brothers, Sam and Paris, who were later acquitted on the grounds of self-defense. Devil Anse Hatfield William Anderson Hatfield (September 9, 1839 – January 6, 1921), better known as Devil Anse , was the patriarch of the Hatfield clan during the infamous Hatfield–McCoy feud which has since formed part of American folklore. Anse survived the feud and agreed to end it in 1891. Hatfield–McCoy feud The feud continued in 1882 when Ellison Hatfield, brother of Anse, was killed by three of Roseanna's younger brothers: Tolbert, Phamer (Pharmer), and Bud. On an election day in Kentucky, the three McCoy brothers fought a drunken Ellison and another Hatfield brother; Ellison was stabbed 26 times and finished off with a gunshot. The McCoy brothers were initially arrested by Hatfield constables and were taken to Pikeville for trial. Secretly, Anse organized a large group of vigilantes and intercepted the constables and their McCoy prisoners before they reached Pikeville. The brothers were taken by force to West Virginia. When Ellison died from his injuries, all three McCoy brothers were killed by the Hatfields in turn: they were tied to pawpaw bushes and each was shot numerous times, with a total of fifty shots fired. Their bodies were described as bullet-riddled. Soon, another McCoy, the second son of the murdered Harmon named Larkin Lark McCoy, was ambushed by an alleged West Virginia posse led by the Hatfields. Hatfield–McCoy feud The McCoy family lived primarily on the Kentucky side of the Tug Fork; the Hatfields lived mostly on the West Virginia side. The majority of the Hatfields, although living in Mingo County (then part of Logan County), fought for the Confederacy in the American Civil War; most McCoys also fought for the Confederates, with the exception of Asa Harmon McCoy, who fought for the Union. The first real violence in the feud was the death of Asa as he returned from the war, murdered by a group of Confederate Home Guards called the Logan Wildcats. Devil Anse Hatfield was a suspect at first, but was later confirmed to have been sick at home at the time of the murder. It was widely believed that his uncle, Jim Vance, a member of the Wildcats, committed the murder. Hatfield–McCoy feud The Hatfield and McCoy Reunion Festival and Marathon are held annually in June on a three-day weekend. The events take place in Pikeville, Kentucky, Matewan, West Virginia, and Williamson, West Virginia. The festival commemorates the famed feud and includes a marathon and half-marathon (the motto is no feudin', just runnin'), in addition to an ATV ride in all three towns. There is also a tug-of-war across the Tug Fork tributary near which the feuding families lived, a live re-enactment of scenes from their most famous fight, a motorcycle ride, live entertainment, Hatfield–McCoy landmark tours, a cornbread contest, pancake breakfast, arts, crafts, and dancing. Launched in 2000, the festival typically attracts thousands with more than 300 runners taking part in the races. Hatfield–McCoy feud On June 14, 2003, in Pikeville, Kentucky, the McCoy cousins partnered with Reo Hatfield of Waynesboro, Virginia, to declare an official truce between the families. Reo Hatfield said that he wanted to show that if the two families could reach an accord, others could also. He had said that he wanted to send a broader message to the world that when national security is at risk, Americans put their differences aside and stand united: We're not saying you don't have to fight because sometimes you do have to fight, he said. But you don't have to fight forever. Signed by more than sixty descendants during the fourth Hatfield–McCoy Festival, the truce was touted as a proclamation of peace, saying We ask by God's grace and love that we be forever remembered as those that bound together the hearts of two families to form a family of freedom in America. Governor Paul E. Patton of Kentucky and Governor Bob Wise of West Virginia signed proclamations declaring June 14 Hatfield and McCoy Reconciliation Day. Ron McCoy, one of the festival's founders, said it is unknown where the three signed proclamations will be exhibited and that the Hatfields and McCoys symbolize violence and feuding and fighting, but by signing this, hopefully people will realize that's not the final chapter.	William Anderson Hatfield, also known as "Devil Anse", was considered the leader of the Hatfield clan.	closed_qa
Given this paragraph about Mohamed Fourati, at what age was he appointed as hospital assistant?	Mohamed Fourati He performed his military service, the following year, in the region of El Kef (in north-eastern Tunisia) and in Kébili (southern Tunisia). He continued to specialize in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at the Saint-Joseph Hospital of Paris. He got assigned to the general surgery unit of doctors and Zouhair Essafi at the Habib-Thameur Hospital in Tunis. In 1961, over the month of July, he worked as a surgeon in the battle of Bizerte, performing surgery on patients 20 hours a day for many days. Mohamed Fourati He got appointed as hospital assistant in 1966, then earned the title of chief physician of the surgical ward in the Habib-Thameur Hospital in May 1968 and became, at the age of 35, the youngest chief physician in Tunisia. In November of the same year, he performed the first open-heart surgery, favored by a delegation of doctors of the IFTHD (led by Charles Hahn of the Cantonal hospital of Geneva (Switzerland) ). Mohamed Fourati A year after getting his philosophy baccalaureate in his native town Sfax, Mohamed Fourati moved to Lille (France) to pursue his graduate education in the medical school of Lille . In order to validate his studies, he became an intern in the Farhat-Hachad Hospital of Sousse. Traveling between the two continents, he secured, in 1959, a medical doctorate at the medical school of Lille . Mohamed Fourati On January 16, 1980, he got designated as a member of the French National Academy of Surgery. During that year, he formed a cardiac surgery unit in the Habib-Thameur Hospital, independent of other general surgery activities. He earned the title of professor of surgery in 1982. From 1982 to 1984, he chaired the Tunisian Association of Cardiology (ATC) and the offices of the Tunisian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (STCCCV) from 1983 to 1985. He got appointed as chief physician at the Military Hospital of Tunis in 1989. Mohamed Fourati In 1970, he performed a first in the Arab-Muslim world when implanting a STARR valve (Albert Starr) in mitral position. Three years later, he executed the first double valve replacement, mitral and aortic. In the same year, he got appointed as docent at the medical school of Tunis. Continuing his work, he successfully got, in 1974, his Aggregration in surgery in Paris. On July 11, 1975, he performed an open-heart surgery, filmed and retransmitted on television, in the presence of the president of the Tunisian Republic, Habib Bourguiba. Bruce Keogh He was a demonstrator in anatomy at Charing Cross Hospital Medical School before training in general surgery in London and Sheffield and gaining his FRCS in 1985. He then opted for a career in cardiac surgery, returning to the Hammersmith Hospital as a registrar. During this time he spent a year as a laboratory-based British Heart Foundation Junior Research Fellow which led to the award of the MD higher degree in 1989 for research into laser coronary angioplasty. He was appointed as senior registrar on the West London training rotation where he spent time at St George's Hospital and the Harefield Hospital training in cardiac, pulmonary and oesophageal surgery. He was subsequently appointed a university Senior Lecturer in cardiothoracic surgery at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and honorary consultant surgeon at the Hammersmith Hospital between 1991 and 1995. He then took an NHS consultant position in Birmingham where he became the clinical service lead for cardiothoracic surgery and Associate Medical Director for Clinical Governance at University Hospital Birmingham before being appointed Professor of cardiac surgery at University College London and director of surgery at The Heart Hospital in 2004. Judah Folkman After his two years work for the navy, Folkman completed his residency at Massachusetts General Hospital. He worked as an assistant surgeon at Boston City Hospital, then trained further in pediatric surgery at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia under C. Everett Koop. In 1967 he was appointed surgeon-in-chief of Children's Hospital Boston at the age of 34. Folkman was appointed the Julia Dyckman Andrus Professor of Pediatric Surgery at Harvard Medical School in 1968, where he was also Professor of Cell Biology. He was the youngest full Professor at Harvard Medical School in history. In addition to directing the Children's Hospital Boston Surgical Research Laboratories, which grew to become the Vascular Biology Program, for nearly four decades, he was the Scientific Director of the hospital's Vascular Anomalies Center. Mohamed Fourati Mohamed Fourati (Arabic:محمد فراتي) (January 18, 1932 – February 26, 2012) was a Tunisian cardiovascular surgeon. He pioneered in open-heart surgery in the Arab-Muslim world. As a professor and lecturer for 39 years, he taught and mentored a generation of young surgeons in Tunisia. Sotirios Prapas Prapas graduated from the Medical School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and had his training in Cardiothoracic Surgery under Professor Panagiotis Spyrou (1936-2012) at the “G. Papanikolaou” Hospital in Thessaloniki. He continued his postgraduate training at the Royal Brompton Hospital of London for two years as a locum doctor and then worked at the “Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre” for 8 years. He organized in 2001, the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the “Henry Dunant” Hospital and is the Director ever since. Bimaristan The Bimaristan of Nur al-Din or Al-Nuri Hospital was founded in Damascus nearly four and a half centuries after the Al-Walid Hospital, in 1156 CE. It was named after Nur al-Din Zanji. The Al-Nuri Hospital, which operated for some 700 years, was the same hospital where Al-Mansur Qalawun was treated and inspired to establish his own hospital in Cairo. The Al-Nuri Hospital, in addition to bringing about the Al-Mansuri hospital, was innovative in its practices as it became the first hospital to begin maintaining medical records of its patients. The Al-Nuri Hospital was also a prestigious medical school, with one of its most noteworthy students being Ibn al-Nafis, who would later pioneer the theory of pulmonary circulation.	He was appointed hospital assistant in 1966. In 1968, he was 35 years old. So in 1966, he was 33 years old.	closed_qa
Can you give me a summary of the story of the Vidhivilasa movie?	Vidhivilasa Vidhivilasa is a 1962 Kannada language swashbuckler film directed by S. V. Mahesh. The film stars Rajkumar, Leelavathi and K. S. Ashwath. The film is based on the story of a King who confronts destiny (fate), which appears to him in the form of a young lady, by challenging it on how he would die. The King tries in vain all means at his disposal to prevent events that destiny foretold would happen. Finally, destiny wins, employing a twisted turn of events. The film has musical score by T. Padman. The story, screenplay, dialogues and lyrics were written by H. L. Narayana Rao who happens to be the father of actor Vishnuvardhan. Vishnuvardhan (actor) Vishnuvardhan was born in Mysore to H. L. Narayana Rao and Kamakshamma. His father was an artist, music composer and a screenwriter who was known for his collection of musical instruments and had written the story, screenplay, dialogues and lyrics for the 1962 Kannada movie Vidhivilasa. He had six siblings. His sister Rama was a Kathak dancer at the Mysore Palace, and brother Ravi was a child actor who appeared in the 1955 Tamil language - Kannada bilingual film Modala Thedi. Vishnuvardhan was educated first in Mysore's Gopalswamy School and then at Bangalore's Kannada Model High School. He attended high school and obtained a degree from National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore. Mavana Magalu Mavana Magalu is a 1965 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by S. K. A. Chari and produced by A. V. Subba Rao. The film stars Jayalalitha, Kalyan Kumar, K. S. Ashwath and T. N. Balakrishna. The film has musical score by T. Chalapathi Rao. Subba Shastry Subba Shastry is a 1966 Indian Kannada-language film, directed and produced by M. V. Krishnaswamy. The film is based on the novel Aashadhabhoothi by A. N. Murthy Rao. The film stars Kalyan Kumar, K. S. Ashwath, Arunkumar, Chandrakala, Harini, Mynavathi and Shivaraj.The film has musical score by Veena Doreswamy Iyengar and S. Krishnamurthy with the title song sung by the Smt. Srirangam Gopalaratnam. Karuneye Kutumbada Kannu Karuneye Kutumbada Kannu () is a 1962 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by T. V. Singh Takur and produced by A. C. Narasimha Murthy and Friends. The film stars Rajkumar, Udaykumar, Balakrishna and Narasimharaju. The film has musical score by G. K. Venkatesh. The film is based on the Kannada novel Dharma Devathe by Krishnamoorthy Puranik; it was the first Kannada film adaptation from a novel. Rathna Manjari Rathna Manjari is a 1962 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Hunsur Krishnamurthy and produced by Hunsur Krishnamurthy and D. Puttaswamy. The film stars Udaykumar, Narasimharaju, K. S. Ashwath and C. V. Shivashankar. The film has musical score by Rajan–Nagendra. H.R. Bhargava was the assistant director of this movie. The movie was dubbed in Telugu as Maya Mohini. Makkala Bhagya Makkala Bhagya () is a 1976 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by K. S. L. Swamy (Ravi) and produced by K. Vittal Kumar and K. V. Honnappa. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, K. S. Ashwath and Dwarakish in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar. It is a remake of the Tamil movie Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum, which itself was an adaptation of the 1953 British film Twice Upon a Time and the 1961 movie The Parent Trap – both based on the Erich Kästner's 1949 German novel Lottie and Lisa (Das doppelte Lottchen). Kadina Rahasya Kadina Rahasya (Kannada: ಕಾಡಿನ ರಹಸ್ಯ) is a 1969 Indian Kannada film, directed by Geethapriya and produced by R. Rangappa and M. P. Shankar. The film stars Yashraj, Sudarshan, K. S. Ashwath and Narasimharaju in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Chellapilla Satyam. Madhu Malathi Madhu Malathi is a 1966 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by S. K. A. Chari and produced by M. Sampath. The film stars Rajkumar, Udaykumar, Arun Kumar and Bharathi Vishnuvardhan. The film has musical score by G. K. Venkatesh. The story of the movie is based on one of the popular Vikram - Betal story from Betala Panchavimashti, an 11th-century Sanskrit work whose earliest recensions are found in Kathasaritsagara written by Somadeva. However, the title card credited the story to director himself with a note that it was based on a book by Bhavabhuti. The movie was dubbed in Tamil as Vedhalan Sonna Kathai. The movie has the characteristics of swashbuckler films with the three male lead roles playing swashbucklers and the sole female lead playing a damsel in distress. Naagarahaavu Naagarahaavu () is a 1972 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Puttanna Kanagal, based on T. R. Subba Rao's three novels Nagarahavu, Ondu Gandu Eradu Hennu and Sarpa Mathsara, and starring Vishnuvardhan, Aarathi , K. S. Ashwath and Shubha. The supporting cast features Leelavathi, M. Jayashree, M. N. Lakshmi Devi, Ambareesh, Shivaram, Dheerendra Gopal, Lokanath and Vajramuni. The film has a musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar. Cinematography was done by Chittibabu.	A king is confronted by destiny in person of a young lady and tries by any means possible to avoid his fate. However the king is not able to prevent his destiny.	summarization
Give me a list of best movie review websites.	Driftmoon Driftmoon has received average reviews. Aggregating review websites GameRankings and Metacritic gave the PC game 76.25% and 73/100, respectively. Movie Review Intelligence Movie Review Intelligence was a review aggregator website which collated and analyzed movie reviews. The site was established in 2009 by former studio executive David A. Gross, and has been described by critic Joe Williams as, brainier than Rotten Tomatoes but less exclusive than Metacritic. The Best Movie 3-De The Best Movie 3-De () is a 2011 Russian comedy from Monumental Pictures (Sony Pictures Entertainment) and Comedy Club Production, continuation of 2009 The Best Movie 2 film, spoofing such famous Russian films as Admiral, Burnt by the Sun 2, Stilyagi, Black Lightning, and others. The Best Movie 2 The Best Movie 2 () is a 2009 Russian comedy from Monumental Pictures (Sony Pictures Entertainment) and Comedy Club Production, continuation of 2008 The Best Movie film, spoofing such famous Russian films as Zhara, The Irony of Fate 2 and TV-programs: Malakhov+, King of Ring and Taxi. Kayak (company) In 2013, Travel + Leisure named Kayak's app in its list of the Best Apps for Business Travelers as well as its list for the Best Apps and Websites for Travelers. Wheelchair rugby Wheelchair rugby was featured in the Oscar-nominated 2005 documentary Murderball. It was voted the #1 Top Sport Movie of all time by the movie review website Rotten Tomatoes. Movie Review Intelligence The site aggregated ratings from a large number of critics and provided a statistical breakdown of reviews, offering visual representation of results in charts and graphs. The ratings were collected from around 65 print and broadcast critics, selected by the website. Movie Review Intelligence gave every movie an average score, by counting the ratings, grades or stars each reviewer gives a movie, and assigning a grade to those reviews which do not include a numerical value. The site also weighted each review based on the circulation the review received. Other websites use different criteria to measure reviews; for example, the aggregator Metacritic weights reviews based on the prestige of a reviewer, while Rotten Tomatoes does not assign weight to its ratings based on the reviewers. Lilting (film) The script, originally titled Lilting the Past, won third spot in the 2011 Brit List, a list of the best unproduced British screenplays. HomeServe In a list of the best places to work in the UK published by Glassdoor in 2016, HomeServe was placed third, being an entry in the list for the first time. Unaware Doc Rotten, a full-time critic who writes for numerous film review websites, including HorrorNews.Net, gave the film a 6.5 out of 10 rating and stated that it provides intense thrills and chills leaving the film with an exciting, frightening conclusion.	Here are the list of some popular movie review websites. 1. Guardian 2. Rotten Tomatoes 3. Yahoo Movies 4. IMDB 5. Meta Critic	brainstorming
Classify each tree as an evergreen or fruit tree: Blue Spruce, Jack Pine, Sweet Cherry, Coconut, Mountain Hemlock.	Mingan River Other tree species include white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Blue spruce The blue spruce (Picea pungens), also commonly known as green spruce, Colorado spruce, or Colorado blue spruce, is a species of spruce tree. It is native to North America, and is found in USDA growing zones 1 through 7. It is found naturally in Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. It has been widely introduced elsewhere and is used as an ornamental tree in many places far beyond its native range. The blue spruce has blue-green colored needles and is a coniferous tree. Enzo Creek Nature Sanctuary The flora found at Enzo Creek have yet to be comprehensively inventoried, as the project would be a colossal undertaking. Tree types include deciduous species such as pin oak, white oak, red oak, sugar maple, aspen, ash, birch, cherry, apple, sassafras, American hornbeam, ironwood, and walnut trees. Coniferous species include jack pine, red pine, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, arborvitae, Scots pine, and blue spruce. Blue spruce Blue spruce seedlings have shallow roots that penetrate only 6.4 cm (2.5 inches) of soil during the first year. Although freezing can't damage much in blue spruce, frost will cause seedling loss. Shadows in late spring and early autumn minimize this frost heaving loss. Despite the shallow roots, blue spruce is able to resist strong winds. Five years before transplanting, the total root surface area of 2-meter-high trees was doubled by pruning the roots of blue spruce. It also increases the root concentration in drip irrigation pipeline from 40% to 60%, which is an advantage in landscape greening. Miramichi Valley Balsam fir, black spruce and red spruce are common. Other coniferous trees include white spruce, eastern white pine, red pine, jack pine, tamarack, eastern hemlock, and eastern white cedar). Fomitopsis pinicola This stem decay fungi is found on live conifer trees in southeast Alaska such as Western hemlock, Mountain hemlock, White spruce, Lutz spruce and Sitka spruce. The tree stem decay is caused by the fungus when it invades and colonizes the wood of living trees and decomposes the wood before the tree is dead. This brown rot fungus degrades only cellulose, leaving the other primary constituents of wood, lignin, as a considerably less dense but fairly stable residual structure that is suitable for excavation by woodpeckers. Appalachian Mountains Eastern or Canada hemlock (') is another important evergreen needle-leaf conifer that grows along the Appalachian chain from north to south but is confined to lower elevations than red spruce and the firs. It generally occupies richer and less acidic soils than the spruce and firs and is characteristic of deep, shaded and moist mountain valleys and coves. It is, unfortunately, subject to the hemlock woolly adelgid ('), an introduced insect, that is rapidly extirpating it as a forest tree. Less abundant, and restricted to the southern Appalachians, is Carolina hemlock (). Like Canada hemlock, this tree suffers severely from the hemlock woolly adelgid. Mirond Lake Black spruce (picea mariana) is common but not dominant, and other trees include white spruce (picea glauca), trembling aspen (populus tremuloides), jack pine (pinus banksiana) and balsam fir (abies balsamea). Fruit tree A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term fruit tree is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (see Fruit), but would include fruit in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts. Kirtland's warbler Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), also known in Michigan by the common name jack pine bird, or the jack pine warbler, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae), named after Jared Potter Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. Nearly extinct just 50 years ago, populations have recovered due to conservation efforts. It requires large areas, greater than 160 acres (65 hectares), of dense young jack pine for its breeding habitat. This habitat was historically created by wildfire, but today is created through the harvest of mature jack pine, and planting of jack pine seedlings.	Blue Spruce, Jack Pine, and Mountain Hemlock are all evergreen trees. Sweet Cherry and Coconut trees are fruit trees.	classification
Have you ever seen the Milky Way?	Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term Milky Way is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek ('), meaning milky circle. From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group. Milky Way (mythology) In Irish mythology, the main name of the Milky Way was Bealach na Bó Finne — Way of the White Cow. It was regarded as a heavenly reflection of the sacred River Boyne, which is described as the Great Silver Yoke and the White Marrow of Fedlimid, names which could equally apply to the Milky Way. (Mór-Chuing Argait, Smir Find Fedlimthi). Milky Way (mythology) Further south, the band of stars that comprise the Milky Way are seen as thousands of flying foxes carrying away a dancer known as Purupriggie. Milky Way (mythology) In Egyptian mythology, the Milky Way was considered a pool of cow's milk. The Milky Way was deified as a fertility cow-goddess by the name of Bat (later on syncretized with the sky goddess Hathor). Milky Way Proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars. Galileo also concluded that the appearance of the Milky Way was due to refraction of the Earth's atmosphere . In a treatise in 1755, Immanuel Kant, drawing on earlier work by Thomas Wright, speculated (correctly) that the Milky Way might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars, held together by gravitational forces akin to the Solar System but on much larger scales. The resulting disk of stars would be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside the disk. Wright and Kant also conjectured that some of the nebulae visible in the night sky might be separate galaxies themselves, similar to our own. Kant referred to both the Milky Way and the extragalactic nebulae as island universes, a term still current up to the 1930s. Laevens 1 At a distance of it is the most distant Milky Way globular cluster yet known, located in the galactic halo surrounding the Milky Way galaxy. With an age of only 7.5 Gyr, it is likely to have been incorporated into our galaxy long after the formation of the Milky Way, probably during an interaction with the Small Magellanic Cloud. Milky Way The Milky Way consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a warped disk of gas, dust and stars. The mass distribution within the Milky Way closely resembles the type Sbc in the Hubble classification, which represents spiral galaxies with relatively loosely wound arms. Astronomers first began to conjecture that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s. These conjectures were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 that showed the Milky Way's central bar to be larger than previously thought. Kiho-tumu The Milky Way is said to be his 'sacred ocean' and the dark rift within the Milky Way is referred to as his sacred ship, called 'the Long Shark' (Beckwith 1970:236). Milky Way (chocolate bar) In the UK, Mars introduced the Flyte bar which was identical to the old-style chocolate flavored Milky Way, was marketed in twin packs and discontinued in 2015. Also available in Europe are Milky Way Crispy Rolls, chocolate-covered wafer rolls with milk-cream fillings.	I have seen the Milky Way on a few occasions. Its usually on a clear, moonless night when I am in a remote location. For some reason, it is brighter when the air is colder. I don't get to see the MIlky Way often, but when I do, I am always amazed by its beauty.	open_qa
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Brac, Piri	Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Hajji Piri Hajji Piri is known to have converted on two occasions. On the first occasion, he converted from Oriental Orthodoxy (Armenian Apostolic Church) to Catholicism. Catholic Armenians were considered outsiders by Apostolic Armenians, and were dubbed Frangs (i.e. Franks). On the second occasion (24 August 1673), Hajji Piri converted from Catholicism to Shia Islam. According to French traveler Jean Chardin, Hajji Piri knew that his conversion to Islam would stir up trouble among New Julfan Armenians, as he was the community's leader and most important member. Chardin tells that two weeks before his apostasy, Hajji Piri went to the royal Safavid court and begged the nazer (steward) to make it seem like a forced conversion. Hajji Piri managed to convince the nazer to help him by giving him 600 ducats. In addition, he told that if his conversion came to be known as a voluntary act, the Armenian merchants abroad would not come back, and would settle in Europe while keeping their goods and money. This would cause grave economic loss. Thus, the nazer decided to help Hajji Piri and reportedly staged a scene, saying loudly: the Shah orders you to become Moslem, he must be contented. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. Ethiopian cuisine Mitmita (, ) is a powdered seasoning mix used in Ethiopian cuisine. It is orange-red in color and contains ground birdseye chili peppers (piri piri), cardamom seed, cloves and salt. It occasionally has other spices including cinnamon, cumin and ginger. Guardian of Piri Guardian of Piri is the eighth episode of the first series of . The screenplay was written by Christopher Penfold. Piri Poutapu Wiremu Piri Te Ranga Poutapu (8 June 1905 – 20 August 1975) was a New Zealand Māori master carver and carpenter. He identified with the Ngāti Korokī and Waikato iwi. He was born in Maungatautari, Waikato, New Zealand in 1905. He was known as Piri, the Māori transliteration of Bill, short for William, of which his first name Wiremu is the Māori transliteration. String instrument String instrument design was refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period (1600–1750) of musical history. Violins and guitars became more consistent in design and were roughly similar to acoustic guitars of the 2000s. The violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill-plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars. String instrument String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Woodwind section A woodwind choir, also called woodwind orchestra, or woodwind ensemble is a performing ensemble consisting exclusively of members of the woodwind family of instruments. It typically includes flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons and saxophones, all of varying sizes. The woodwind orchestra has a small repertoire of original music written especially for the ensemble and arrangements of orchestral compositions, light music, and popular tunes. Idiochord An idiochord (, also known as a drum zither) is a musical instrument in which the string of the instrument is made from the same material as its resonating body. Such instruments may be found in the Indian Ocean region, disparate regions of Africa and its diaspora, and parts of Europe and North America.	Piri is woodwind, Brac is string.	classification
What is RSU?	Riga Stradiņš University • The Rīga Stradiņš University (RSU) International Student Association’s (ISA) mission is to represent, serve and help improve the lives of all international students at RSU. ISA co-operates with the RSU Student Union, the International Department, and the deans of various faculties in order to help all our students with any queries or problems that they may have during their time at RSU. Riga Stradiņš University • RSU ranks in 119th place in the QS EECA University Rankings 2022. RSU received the highest results in two categories: share of international students and citation rate, ranking 16th and 17th in the region, respectively. In either category, RSU is placed highest among the Latvian universities. RSU F.C. RSU Football Club (Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลมหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต), is a Thailand football club under the stewardship of Rangsit University based in Pathum Thani. They currently play in Thai League 4 Bangkok & field Region. Riga Stradiņš University • RSU ranks 801-1000 overall in the QS World University Rankings 2023. RSU received the highest ranking in international student ratio - 128th in the world (the best achievement among all Latvian and Baltic universities). Riga Stradiņš University Even though RSU has always been recognised as a university of health sciences, RSU faculty of European Studies has 25 years of experience in providing study programmes in social sciences. The faculty currently offers 4 study programmes in English medium. The programmes offer simulation-based and problem-based studies, team-teaching, interactive studies, interlinked courses as well as study visits abroad (international partnerships in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, India and other countries) and project development in cooperation with the RSU's B-Space Business Incubator. Louise Casey, Baroness Casey of Blackstock Following the 1997 election, the Labour government in December that year created the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU), which had tackling rough sleeping as one of its priorities. In April 1999 the RSU was created and Casey appointed by Prime Minister Tony Blair as its head, referred to in the media as the homelessness czar. With an eventual budget of £200 million, the RSU's aim was to reduce the number of rough sleepers in England by two-thirds by April 2002. The RSU published its strategy in December 1999. GTD-5 EAX The RLU was a condensed version of the RSU, with no local switching capability and limited line capacity. Riga Stradiņš University • In 2022 RSU was ranked among the world's top 501-600 universities in the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2022. RSU is the highest ranked university in Latvia and has achieved the second best ranking among universities in the Baltic States. Rough Sleepers Initiative The RSU was tasked with reducing rough sleeping across England by two-thirds within a three-year time frame. As the programme was late to start, this was in the end compressed into a period of slightly over two years. The practical and ideological approach of the RSU differed markedly from the RSI. Notably: Radical Students Union The RSU started to decline in Andhra Pradesh in the mid-1990s. The RSU and other Maoist organizations were banned in Andhra Pradesh, but in 2004 the state government lifted the ban to allow for peace talks.	Restricted stock units (RSU), also known as restricted securities, is stock of a company that is not fully transferable (from the stock-issuing company to the person receiving the stock award) until certain conditions (restrictions) have been met. Upon satisfaction of those conditions, the stock is no longer restricted, and becomes transferable to the person holding the award. Restricted stock is often used as a form of employee compensation, in which case it typically becomes transferable ("vests") upon the satisfaction of certain conditions, such as continued employment for a period of time or the achievement of particular product-development milestones, earnings per share goals or other financial targets. Restricted stock is a popular alternative to stock options, particularly for executives, due to favorable accounting rules and income tax treatment.	open_qa
Of the following book characters, which are vampires: Lestat de Lioncourt, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, Jacob Black, The Seeker	Lestat de Lioncourt Lestat de Lioncourt () is a fictional character appearing in several novels by Anne Rice, including The Vampire Lestat (1985). He is a vampire and an antihero in the majority of The Vampire Chronicles. History of Auvergne Much of Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles takes place in Auvergne. Characters Lestat de Lioncourt and Nicolas de Lenfent reside there. Lestat de Lioncourt Lestat appears as a major character in both motion picture adaptations of The Vampire Chronicles novels. Jacob Black Jacob Black is a character in the Twilight book series by Stephenie Meyer. He is described as an attractive Native American of the Quileute tribe in La Push, near Forks, Washington. In the second book of the series, New Moon, he discovers that he is a therianthrope who can shapeshift into a wolf. For the majority of the series, Jacob competes with Edward Cullen for Bella Swan's love. In The Twilight Saga film series, Jacob is played by Taylor Lautner. Eclipse (Meyer novel) Eclipse (stylized as eclipse) is the third novel in the Twilight Saga by Stephenie Meyer. It continues the story of Bella Swan and her vampire love, Edward Cullen. The novel explores Bella's compromise between her love for Edward and her friendship with shape-shifter Jacob Black, along with her dilemma of leaving her mortality behind in a terrorized atmosphere, a result of mysterious vampire attacks in Seattle. Holy Innocents' Cemetery In Anne Rice's The Vampire Lestat, Armand's coven of vampires resides in the Cimetière des Innocents when Lestat de Lioncourt first encounters them, and they remain there until shortly before the cemetery is finally destroyed. Jacob Black Jacob is given a small role in the first book of the series. He is introduced as the son of Billy Black, an old Swan family friend. When Bella uses him to get information on Edward Cullen and his family, Jacob tells her superstitious Quileute legends and introduces her to the idea that Edward is a vampire. Bella comes to like Jacob, and he develops a secret crush on her. Blood Canticle Blood Canticle was originally intended to conclude the saga of Rice's famed vampire Lestat de Lioncourt, but in March 2014 she announced a sequel titled Prince Lestat. Vittorio the Vampire Vittorio the Vampire (1999) is the second novel in Anne Rice's New Tales of the Vampires series. It is the only vampire novel by Rice besides Pandora in which the lead character of her series The Vampire Chronicles, Lestat de Lioncourt, does not appear; although Vittorio references him briefly. Buffy vs. Dracula When questioning Dracula's identity, Buffy mentions having encountered pimply and overweight vampires who named themselves after Anne Rice's vampire character Lestat de Lioncourt. This is the first indication that some vampires appreciate Rice's perspective on vampirism; in contrast, School Hard and Darla depicted some vampires as having contempt for Rice's concepts.	Lestat de Lioncourt, Bella Swan, Edward Cullen	classification
What quality is common among all of Ingersoll's positions held within the Navy?	Stuart H. Ingersoll Stuart Howe Ingersoll (June 3, 1898 – January 29, 1983) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy. He was a naval aviator whose career included service as an aircraft carrier commander during World War II and tours as commander-in-chief of the United States Seventh Fleet, President of the Naval War College, and Commandant of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. Thomas H. Robbins Jr. Thomas Hinckley Robbins Jr. (11 May 1900 – 12 December 1972) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy. A naval aviator, his career included command of an aircraft carrier during World War II, service as a key advisor to the United States Secretary of the Navy, and a tour as President of the Naval War College. Frederick Ashworth Remaining in the navy after the war, Ashworth rose to the rank of vice admiral in May 1966. He was Commandant of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy in 1958, and served as commander of the United States Sixth Fleet from September 1966 to April 1967. He retired from the navy in 1968, and died in 2005. James E. Service James Edward Service (January 20, 1931 – February 10, 2017) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy active during much of the Cold War. A naval aviator, he flew combat missions in the Korean War and Vietnam War, commanded aviation units and various ships including aircraft carriers, served as a test pilot, and was President of the Naval War College. Stuart H. Ingersoll Ingersoll returned to sea as the Commander, Carrier Division Four, then in June 1953 became chief of staff and aide to the Commander-in-Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet. Promoted to vice admiral on 7 September 1955, he was commander of the United States Seventh Fleet from 19 December 1955 to 28 January 1957, also serving as Commander, United States Taiwan Defense Command, from December 1955 to July 1957. Ingersoll received the Distinguished Service Medal for his Seventh Fleet and Taiwan Defense Command tour, the citation reading in part: Gordon Beecher Beecher was educated at the United States Naval Academy and at the National War College. He served 34 years in the United States Navy, retiring as a vice admiral in 1955. In World War II, Beecher commanded a destroyer squadron, and fought at Pearl Harbor, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. He received the Legion of Merit. Royal E. Ingersoll Ingersoll was born in Washington, D.C., on 20 June 1883. He was second in a succession of three generations of U.S. Naval officers: his father, Rear Admiral Royal R. Ingersoll - United States Naval Academy class of 1868, and his son, Lieutenant Royal Rodney Ingersoll II - USNA class of 1934, was killed in a friendly fire accident on board the aircraft carrier on 4 June 1942, during the naval Battle of Midway. Stansfield Turner Stansfield Turner (December 1, 1923 January 18, 2018) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served as President of the Naval War College (1972–1974), commander of the United States Second Fleet (1974–1975), Supreme Allied Commander NATO Southern Europe (1975–1977), and was Director of Central Intelligence (1977–1981) under the Carter administration. A graduate of University of Oxford and the United States Naval Academy, Turner served for more than 30 years in the Navy, commanding warships, a carrier group, and NATO's military forces in southern Europe, among other commands. Stuart S. Murray Stuart Shadrick Murray (22 March 1898 – 19 September 1980) was a Vice Admiral of the United States Navy who served during World War II. Frederick C. Turner Frederick Charles Turner (June 13, 1923 – April 24, 2014) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice admiral. Turner began his career as Reservist and Naval aviator during World War II and distinguished himself during Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa in early 1945. Following the War, Turner remained in the Navy and commanded aircraft carrier USS America during Vietnam War.	Although Ingersoll held many positions within the U.S. Navy, he was first and foremost a naval aviator.	summarization
What are some things you could do over the Easter break?	Academic year Easter Break: Schools close for two weeks for Easter. Schools generally close for Easter break on the Friday one week before Good Friday, and reopen on the Monday one week after Easter Monday. Spring break There is, as well, another shorter Easter break which starts on Holy Thursday and ends on next Tuesday. Academic term Easter Break depends on the location of Academia. It starts in April, and ends late April or early May. Spring break As a holiday it is variously known as Easter vacation, Easter holiday, Easter break, spring break, spring vacation, mid-term break, study week, reading week, reading period, Easter week or March break, depending on regional conventions. Montessori Oberschule Potsdam As most schools in Land Brandenburg (and in Germany), the Oberschule only has six weeks for Sommerferien, summer break. They have two weeks off in October, two for Weihnachtsferien, Christmas break, one week for a winter break in February, and two for Osterferien, Easter break. School ends in July and starts in August. Spring break The Easter break in the United Kingdom is from two to three weeks (depending on the local council and school policy) for primary and secondary schools, and for two to four weeks for university students, and fits around Easter. The understood US style Spring Break is not what is practiced in the UK, however. It is called the Easter break/Easter half term holiday. Spring Break is a term used to refer to what Americans do, when 21 (or sooner) and lots of drinking and partying. Easter Tuesday Easter Tuesday is a normal working day in all Australian states and territories except Tasmania, where it is a legal holiday for certain workers, generally the Public Service and banks. Historically, when the Australian academic year was divided into three terms, Easter Tuesday was an extension of the Easter break within Term 1 in Sydney to allow children to attend the Sydney Royal Easter Show. Under the current four-term system, it is common for Easter Tuesday to fall within the regular school holidays at the end of Term 1. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Education in Portugal Each school year starts in mid September and ends in mid June. There are three holiday breaks during the year: Christmas break (2 weeks), Carnival break (3 days) and Easter break (2 weeks). The school year is divided in three terms, usually limited by the following dates: Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br>	- Go camping - Visit friends - Go out to lunch - Relax - Clean the house - Sleep in every day - Spend time with family - Go to church - Go shopping - Play sport - Go to the gym - Sightsee - Take up a new hobby	brainstorming
Extract the list of the countries where Coffea arabica has been grown, and separate them with a comma	Coffea arabica Endemic to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia, Coffea arabica is now rare in Ethiopia, while many populations appear to be of mixed native and planted trees. Coffea arabica is today grown in dozens of countries between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. It is commonly used as an understorey shrub. It has also been recovered from the Boma Plateau in South Sudan. Coffea arabica is also found on Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya, but it is unclear whether this is a truly native or naturalised occurrence; recent studies support it being naturalised. The species is widely naturalised in areas outside its native land, in many parts of Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India, China, and assorted islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific. Coffea arabica The coffee tree was first brought to Hawaii in 1813, and it began to be extensively grown by about 1850. It was formerly more widely grown than at present, especially in Kona, and it persists after cultivation in many areas. In some valleys, it is a highly invasive weed. In the Udawattakele and Gannoruwa Forest Reserves near Kandy, Sri Lanka, coffee shrubs are also a problematic invasive species. Coffea arabica Coffee has been produced in Queensland and New South Wales of Australia, starting in the 1980s and 90s. The Wet Tropics Management Authority has classified Coffea arabica as an environmental weed for southeast Queensland due to its invasiveness in non-agricultural areas. Coffea arabica Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. Arabica coffee originates from and was first cultivated in Yemen, and documented by the 12th century. Coffea arabica is called () in Arabic, borrowed from the Amharic Buna. Coffea arabica Coffea arabica is the only polyploid species of the genus Coffea, as it carries 4 copies of the 11 chromosomes (44 total) instead of the 2 copies of diploid species. Specifically, Coffea arabica is itself the result of a hybridization between the diploids Coffea canephora and Coffea eugenioides, thus making it an allotetraploid, with two copies of two different genomes. This hybridization event at the origin of Coffea arabica is estimated between 1.08 million and 543,000 years ago and is linked to changing environmental conditions in East Africa. Coffea There are over 120 species of Coffea, which is grown from seed. The two most popular are Coffea arabica (commonly known simply as Arabica), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and Coffea canephora (known as Robusta), which accounts for about 20–40%. C. arabica is preferred for its sweeter taste, while C. canephora has a higher caffeine content. C. arabica has its origins in the highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Plateau of Sudan, and was the result of a hybrid between C. canephora and C. eugenioides. Prophantis smaragdina The larvae of this species infest coffee beans. Known food plants of this species are: Rubiaceae (Coffea arabica, Ixora coccinea and Gardenia sp.), Verbenaceae (Duranta plumieri), and Menispermaceae (Triclisia sp.). Coffee production in Indonesia Coffea robusta is grown at lower altitudes than Coffea arabica. The island of Sumatra is the largest producer, with the provinces of Lampung, South Sumatra and Bengkulu accounting for 50% of total national coffee production and up to 75% of Robusta production. Smaller volumes are also grown in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Flores. Mycosphaerella coffeicola There are 40 species in the genus Coffea (family Rubiaceae) that are susceptible to the disease caused by M. coffeicola, but only a few that are commercially relevant. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most significant of the susceptible species, affecting 70% of the world's coffee production. Coffea arabica ranges in growth habit from a shrub to a small tree and has ovate, shiny, pointed leaves, with clustered white flowers. The fruits begin as green berries which ripen to a deep red color. These are often called the coffee cherries. Each fruit contains two seeds (i.e. coffee beans) in a drupe. Coffea stenophylla It is currently not commercially cultivated due to its low yield and small berries, which makes it inferior to the two economically dominant species Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (robusta).	Ethiopia, Sudan, USA(Hawaii), Sri Lanka, Australia	information_extraction
What is CRISPR?	CRISPR activation CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a type of CRISPR tool that uses modified versions of CRISPR effectors without endonuclease activity, with added transcriptional activators on dCas9 or the guide RNAs (gRNAs). CRISPR RNA Type-IV CRISPR systems do not have an effector nuclease and are associated with plasmids and prophages. A Cas6-like enzyme is associated with the maturation of the crRNA. Not all type-IV systems have a CRISPR locus and therefore do not have crRNA. CRISPR RNA CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements, like viruses, plasmids, and transposons. The CRISPR locus contains a series of repeats interspaced with unique spacers. These unique spacers can be acquired from MGEs. CRISPR activation Like for CRISPR interference, the CRISPR effector is guided to the target by a complementary guide RNA. However, CRISPR activation systems are fused to transcriptional activators to increase expression of genes of interest. Such systems are usable for many purposes including but not limited to, genetic screens and overexpression of proteins of interest. Cas12a CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is named for the features of the invariant DNA sequences involved in targeting. Cas12a was originally known as Cpf1 as an abbreviation of CRISPR and two genera of bacteria where it appears, Prevotella and Francisella. It was renamed in 2015 after a broader rationalization of the names of Cas (CRISPR associated) proteins to correspond to their sequence homology. CRISPR RNA Type-II CRISPR systems are characterized by the single signature nuclease Cas9. In type-II CRISPR systems crRNA and tracrRNA (trans-activating CRISPR RNA) can form a complex known as the guide RNA or gRNA. The crRNA within the gRNA is what matches up with the target sequence or protospacer after the PAM is found. Once the match is made Cas9 will make a double-stranded break. CRISPR Therapeutics CRISPR Therapeutics was founded in 2013 as Inception Genomics by Emmanuelle Charpentier, Shaun Foy and Rodger Novak. Charpentier later shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 with Jennifer Doudna. As part of a working group, she provided the first scientific documentation on the development and use of CRISPR gene editing. This allows DNA to be specifically modified and exchanged, which can for example prevent diseases. The company CRISPR Therapeutics is to apply this new technology commercially and advance research. CRISPR gene editing As of March 2015, multiple groups had announced ongoing research with the intention of laying the foundations for applying CRISPR to human embryos for human germline engineering, including labs in the US, China, and the UK, as well as US biotechnology company OvaScience. Scientists, including a CRISPR co-discoverer, urged a worldwide moratorium on applying CRISPR to the human germline, especially for clinical use. They said scientists should avoid even attempting, in lax jurisdictions, germline genome modification for clinical application in humans until the full implications are discussed among scientific and governmental organizations. These scientists support further low-level research on CRISPR and do not see CRISPR as developed enough for any clinical use in making heritable changes to humans. CRISPR gene editing Concerns have been raised that off-target effects (editing of genes besides the ones intended) may confound the results of a CRISPR gene editing experiment (i.e. the observed phenotypic change may not be due to modifying the target gene, but some other gene). Modifications to CRISPR have been made to minimize the possibility of off-target effects. Orthogonal CRISPR experiments are often recommended to confirm the results of a gene editing experiment. CRISPR CRISPR has been modified to make programmable transcription factors that allow scientists to target and activate or silence specific genes.	CRISPR (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR is found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea. Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms. This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnological products, and treatment of diseases. The development of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique was recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 which was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. In 2022, in a proceeding at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (interference 106,115), the Patent Trial and Appeal Board decided that the inventor for the US patent covering application of CRISPR-Cas9 in eukaryotic cells is Feng Zhang, a professor of the Broad Institute.	open_qa
Please extract the stops of the South Western Mail in order in a list delimited by underscores and exclude return service.	South Western railway line, Queensland The South Western Mail was introduced as a twice weekly service in 1910. Upon the opening of the line to Dirranbandi, the train departed Brisbane at 20:45, arrived at Warwick 04:00, Goondiwindi 10:00 and Dirranbandi 16:30. The return service departed 11.30, arrived Goondiwindi 17.35, Warwick 23.35 and Brisbane 07.10 the following morning. Southern railway line In January 1888, the Sydney Mail was introduced, when first class sleeping cars were added to the Wallangarra train (Second class sleeping cars were introduced in 1896). A daily service was provided, departing Brisbane at 19:00, pausing at Toowoomba at 00:30 and arriving at Wallangarra at 07:45. The return service departed Wallangarra at 17:00, pausing at Toowoomba at 00:45 and arriving in Brisbane at 06:15. At Wallangarra passengers transferred to the New South Wales Government Railways' Brisbane Limited. North Coast railway line, Queensland When introduced in 1923, the Townsville Mail ran twice per week. Departing Brisbane at 2:20pm, it arrived at Rockhampton at 7am the following morning, Mackay at 5pm, Bowen 11:20pm and Townsville at 5:30am on the second morning. The return service departed Townsville at 9pm, arriving at Brisbane 11:15am on the second morning. Southern railway line In 1908, the Sydney Mail departed Brisbane at 07:10, calling at Toowoomba at 11:10 and after changing trains at Wallangarra, passengers arrived in Sydney at 11:10 the following day. The return service departed Sydney at 17:10, arriving in Brisbane at 21:10 the following day. Carriage connections were introduced in 1908, with a Parlour Car introduced in 1923, and a Buffet Car in 1924. The Parlour Car was transferred to the Townsville Mail in 1930 following the opening of the Standard Gauge line to Brisbane. Western Mail (Western Australia) The Western Mail, or Western Mail, was the name of two weekly newspapers published in Perth, Western Australia. South Western railway line, Queensland The South Western line was the last railway in Australia to be serviced by mail trains. The last Dirranbandi Mail ran on 11 February 1993. Western Mail (train) The Western Mail was an Australian passenger train that ran from Sydney to Dubbo and Parkes from 1973 until November 1988. Western railway line, Queensland The January 1888 timetable labelled the train the 'Western Mail', and when the line opened to Charleville later that year the train was extended once per week, reaching the new terminus at 6.30am Sunday. It departed for Brisbane at 10pm Sundays, taking 24 hours for the return journey. Compared to a weeks' journey by stage coach, this was high speed travel for the day. North Coast railway line, Queensland Following the opening of the Sydney–Brisbane standard gauge line in 1930, the NCL timetable was rearranged to facilitate connections to the new line. The northbound Mail departed Brisbane at 7pm, arriving at Townsville at 7:30am on the second day, and Cairns at 6pm. Return departure from Cairns was at 7:40am, Townsville at 5:50pm arriving Brisbane at 6:30am on the second day. The parlour car that had been part of the Sydney Mail to Wallangarra was transferred to the Townsville Mail, and a buffet car (replaced by a full dining car in 1931) was added from Rockhampton-Mackay and return. South Western railway line, Queensland The South Western line opened as far as Thane on 1 July 1904 and was completed to Dirranbandi on 21 May 1913. A further extension of the line west of Dirranbandi was approved by Parliament in 1914 but never constructed.	Brisbane_Warwick_Goondiwindi_Dirranbandi	information_extraction
Choose the word which is different from the rest: curd, butter, oil, cheese, cream	Cream cheese Cream cheese is easy to make at home, and many methods and recipes are used. Consistent, reliable, commercial manufacture is more difficult. Curd Curd products vary by region and include cottage cheese, curd cheese (both curdled by bacteria and sometimes also rennet), farmer cheese, pot cheese, queso blanco, and paneer. The word can also refer to a non-dairy substance of similar appearance or consistency, though in these cases a modifier or the word curdled is generally used. Types of cheese For these simplest cheeses, milk is curdled and drained, with little other processing. Examples include cottage cheese, cream cheese, curd cheese, farmer cheese, caș, chhena, fromage blanc, queso fresco, paneer, fresh goat's milk chèvre, Breingen-Tortoille, Irish Mellieriem Rochers and Belgian Mellieriem Rochers. Such cheeses are often soft and spreadable, with a mild flavour. Mapastepec The dairy industry, celebrated in the annual Cheese Fair is a significant sector, producing some 20 major cheeses including cream cheese, mediacrema cheese, cheese snacks, cheese, Cotija cheese, and cream. Turoš The name turoš comes from the homophonous Hungarian word túrós, meaning of cottage cheese or of curd cheese. Túró is the Hungarian noun for both cottage cheese and curd cheese. Pie in American cuisine Grasshopper pie is a no-bake mousse pie with a chocolate crumb crust. The filling can be made with marshmallows or cream cheese. The cream cheese version is made by adding green food coloring to a mixture of condensed milk with cream cheese, then gently folding in chocolate covered mint cookie crumbs and whipped topping. Alternately, a mixture of creme de menthe, creme de cacao and melted marshmallows can be gently folded into fresh whipped cream. State microbe Lactococcus lactis is vital for manufacturing cheeses such as Cheddar, Colby, cottage cheese, cream cheese, Camembert, Roquefort, and Brie, as well as other dairy products like cultured butter, buttermilk, sour cream, and kefir. It may also be used for vegetable fermentations such as cucumber pickles and sauerkraut. Pambazo In the Mexican state of Tequixquiac pambazos are very different from those of Mexico City, being made flour with dark wheat rind or bran named acemite, filled with sausage and potatoes, turkey meat or lamb meat (barbacoa), shredded lettuce, white cheese, cream and spicy chili chipotle sauce, fried with butter. The name is registered in this place as pan bazo, an archaic Spanish word. Curd snack Curd snack, cottage cheese bar or curd cheese bar is a type of sweet dairy product made from glazed or unglazed curd cheese with or without filling. Nowadays curd snacks are popular in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and Eastern Europe (Belarus, Russia and Ukraine), as well as Hungary (Túró Rudi), Romania, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Cuisine of the Southern United States Butternut squash is common in winter, often prepared as a roasted casserole with butter and honey. Other typical vegetable sides include collard greens and congealed salads. Double stuffed potatoes with barbecue pork, cheddar cheese, cream cheese, mayonnaise and chives are served at barbecue restaurants throughout the South.	All except Oil are products obtained from milk.	classification
What is IMPS?	Imps* Imps* is a comedy film released in 2009. The film stars an ensemble cast and is divided into several segments. IMPS is an acronym for Immoral Minority Picture Show. OMA Instant Messaging and Presence Service The OMA Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS) is an Open Mobile Alliance enabler for Instant Messaging and Presence. The Wireless Village consortium developed the first cut of the specifications. After Wireless Village was merged with OMA, its specs became OMA IMPS 1.0 specifications. IMPS is widely deployed but not necessarily marketed. Interworking between several operators IMPS platforms is being performed under a GSMA initiative that encourages interworking and deployment of Instant Messaging. Presence information the XML-based OMA Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS). IMPS defines a system architecture, syntax, and semantics for representation of presence information and a set of protocols for the four primary features: presence, IM, groups, and shared content. Presence is the key, enabling technology for the IMPS. Imp Imps are often described as troublesome and mischievous more than seriously threatening or dangerous, and as lesser beings rather than more important supernatural beings. The attendants of the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as lively and having small stature. The Oxford Imps The Oxford Imps are an improvisational comedy troupe based in Oxford, England, where they currently perform every Monday during University term time at The Jericho Tavern pub (since 2021); previously, they performed at The Wheatsheaf pub. They also perform annually at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe at the Gilded Balloon. Mobile payments in India On November 22, 2010, NPCI launched Immediate Payment Services (IMPS) to offer an instant, 24-hour×7, interbank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. IMPS facilitate customers to use mobile instruments as a channel for accessing their bank accounts and put high interbank fund transfers in a secured manner with immediate confirmation features. Imp Imps can be found in art and architecture throughout the world, most of the time carefully and painstakingly hidden and only being found by the most interested and observant of people. Imp Even if the imp was successful in getting the friendship it sought, it still often played pranks on its friend either out of boredom or simply because this was the nature of the imp. This trait led to using the word “impish” for someone who loves pranks and practical jokes. Eventually, it came to be believed that imps were the familiar spirit servants of witches and warlocks, where the little demons served as spies and informants. During the time of the witch hunts, supernatural creatures such as imps were sought out as proof of witchcraft, though often the so-called imp was merely a black cat, lizard, toad or some other form of uncommon pet. Immediate Payment Service Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. IMPS offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. The service is available 24x7 throughout the year including bank holidays. NEFT was also made available 24x7 from December 2019. RTGS was also made available 24x7 from 14th December 2020. Payment and settlement systems in India The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) can be thought of like an email ID for your money. It will be a unique identifier that your bank uses to transfer money and make payments using the IMPS (Immediate Payments Service). IMPS is faster than NEFT and lets you transfer money immediately and unlike NEFT, it works 24/7. This means that the online payments will become much easier without requiring a digital wallet or credit or debit card.	Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. IMPS offers an inter-bank electronic fund transfer service through mobile phones. The service is available 24x7 throughout the year including bank holidays. NEFT was also made available 24x7 from December 2019. RTGS was also made available 24x7 from 14th December 2020. It is managed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and is built upon the existing National Financial Switch network. In 2010, the NPCI initially carried out a pilot for the mobile payment system with 4 member banks (State Bank of India, Bank of India, Union Bank of India and ICICI Bank), and expanded it to include Yes Bank, Axis Bank and HDFC Bank later that year. IMPS was publicly launched on 22 November 2010. Currently, there are 53 commercial banks, 101 Rural/District/Urban and cooperative banks, and 24 PPIi signed up for the IMPS service. Around 200 million IMPS transactions amounting to roughly US$20 billion of transaction amount happen every month in India. The sender requires to know the bank account number and the Indian Financial System Code of the beneficiary to transfer money.	open_qa
What are the options for you to use as an egg substitute when you are vegan?	Egg substitutes The product called Egg Beaters is a substitute for whole/fresh eggs (from the shell) but is not an egg substitute; it consists mainly of egg whites. Egg substitutes Egg substitutes are food products which can be used to replace eggs in cooking and baking. Common reasons a cook may choose to use an egg substitute instead of egg(s) include having an egg allergy, adhering to a vegan diet or a vegetarian diet of a type that omits eggs, or having concerns about the level of animal welfare or environmental burden associated with egg farming. There is a growing movement to address some of these concerns via third-party certifications, but because many labels in the industry remain confusing or intentionally misleading, some consumers distrust them and may use egg substitutes instead. Egg Beaters Egg Beaters is a product marketed in the United States as a healthy substitute for whole eggs. It is a substitute for whole/fresh eggs (from the shell) that contains less cholesterol, but it is not an egg substitute (in the sense of a food to replace eggs for people with egg allergies). Egg Beaters is primarily egg whites with added flavorings, vitamins, and thickeners xanthan gum and guar gum. It contains real egg whites, but no egg yolks. Egg carton An egg carton (also known as an egg box in British English) is a carton designed for carrying and transporting whole eggs. Egg tossing Egg tossing or egg throwing is a game associated with Easter. Various types of such games exist, common ones involve throwing an egg so that it lands on the ground without breaking. Such a contest may be known as an egg toss. Egg slicer An egg slicer is a food preparation utensil used to slice peeled, hard-boiled eggs quickly and evenly. An egg slicer consists of a slotted dish for holding the egg and a hinged plate of wires or blades that can be closed to slice. Egg sandwich A 1905 British cookbook describes an egg sandwich made with sliced hard-boiled eggs, marinated in oil, vinegar, salt, and pepper, and garnished with minced watercress. An egg and chutney sandwich is made from chutney and minced hard-boiled eggs; an egg cream sandwich from hard-boiled eggs pounded into a smooth paste and seasoned with anchovies and mustard. A common alternative is to mash the hard-boiled egg together with mayonnaise, salt and black pepper, usually called simply egg spread, or an egg mayonnaise or egg mayo. Cress is often seen as the typical accompaniment to an egg sandwich. Salad cream is also a common alternative to mayonnaise, mainly within the UK. In Scandinavia and Finland, boiled egg and kaviar is a common topping on sandwiches. Egg shoeing Egg shoeing is an egg decorating technique. According to Hungarian oral traditions, egg shoeing was invented by village blacksmiths to prove their skills by creating an egg which was shod by miniature horseshoes. This technique is currently in decline due to the decreasing number of blacksmiths; it is mainly practiced in arts and crafts workshops, fairs and in the Szentendre open-air museum. Taqueria Los Puñales The menu includes more than 20 taco options as well as adobada, barbacoa, chile rellenos, guisados, tinga, and house-made tortillas. Drink options include beer, cocktails, margaritas, agua fresca, and Jarritos. Egg spoon An egg spoon is a specialized spoon for eating boiled eggs. In comparison to a teaspoon it typically has a shorter handle and bowl, a more pointed tip and often a more rounded bowl. These characteristics are designed to facilitate the removal of an egg's contents from the shell, through a hole in one end. In practice, the advantages of an egg spoon over a teaspoon can be unnoticeable, especially when eating a large egg. In consequence, boiled egg spoons are not common in either modern or antique flatware or cutlery services. Nevertheless, the diminutive size of a boiled egg spoon makes it well suited to small eggs.	When you are vegan you don’t eat any animal products or by-products. Depending on what you are making and what you are looking for from a taste perspective there are several options for you to substitute eggs. Silken Tofu - If you are making a vegan scramble, quiche, or homemade vegan mayonnaise. The creamy texture can help mimic the egg’s soft texture in your breakfast meals and desserts. Unsweetened applesauce - You can use a quarter cup of unsweetened applesauce for one egg. It adds moisture and sweetness to what you are making. The natural fruit pectin also helps bind the ingredients. It can be dense than an egg in your baking so you may need to use a teaspoon of baking powder to encourage fluffiness. Mashed banana - This has a very distinct flavor, so only use it in recipes when you think the banana flavor will complement what you are making. This works well in pancakes, brownies, and banana bread. You can use a ripe medium mashed banana for every large egg. The starches and sugars in the banana help develop a beautiful golden brown crust. Aquafaba - This is an ideal substitute for egg whites, giving your dessert structure. Take three tablespoons of liquid from inside your can of chickpeas and whip them to a fluffy consistency. Flaxseeds or Chia Seeds - This is best for recipes that don’t require too many eggs. Combine one tablespoon of seeds with three tablespoons of water for every large egg. Let it sit for 20 minutes to get a slimy mixture that mimics and egg. Baking Soda and Vinegar - Mix a teaspoon of baking soda and a tablespoon of white vinegar together to help create the air bubbles needed in things like pancakes, cookies, and quick breads. This is ideal where two or less eggs are needed.	open_qa
What is the largest lake in Switzerland?	Lake Switzerland Lake Switzerland is a small reservoir located east-northeast of Fleischmanns in Delaware County, New York. Vly Creek flows through Lake Switzerland. Lac de Joux Lac de Joux () is a lake in the Vallée de Joux in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. With a surface area of 9.5 km2, it is the largest lake in Switzerland lying above 1,000 metres. Lac de Joux is located in the Jura Mountains. Obersee (Lake Constance) The countries that border the lake are Switzerland, with its cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen, Austria, with its federal state Vorarlberg, and Germany, with its federal states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. Marion Lake (Oregon) It is the largest lake in an Oregon wilderness area and the largest lake not accessible by automobile. With the exception of large Waldo Lake, it is the largest natural lake in the Willamette National Forest on the west slope of the Central Cascade Range. Lake Neuchâtel With a surface of , Lake Neuchâtel is the largest lake located entirely in Switzerland and the 59th largest lake in Europe. It is long and at its widest. Its surface is above sea level, and the maximum depth is . The total water volume is . The lake's drainage area is approximately and its culminating point is Le Chasseron at . Iliamna Lake It is the largest lake in Alaska, 3rd largest lake entirely in the United States, and twenty-fourth in North America. Covering about , Iliamna Lake is long and up to wide, with a maximum depth of . Through the Kvichak River, its waters drain into Bristol Bay. Lake Ladoga It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake after Baikal in Russia, and the 14th largest freshwater lake by area in the world. Ladoga Lacus, a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake. Fleringe The Lake Bästeträsk is the largest lake on Gotland. The water is very clear and shallow, with an average depth of . Lake Hazen It is the largest lake north of the Arctic Circle by volume. By surface area it is third largest, after Lake Taymyr in Russia and Lake Inari in Finland. Sihlsee The lake feeds the Etzelwerk power station, which is located to the north-east in Altendorf on the upper section of Lake Zürich (the Obersee) and which supplies electricity to the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB). Its concrete dam is high and m long. The lake is the largest artificial lake of Switzerland in terms of surface with a maximum length of and maximum width of . The maximum depth is , and the lake has an approximate volume of .	The largest lake in Switzerland with an area of 218 km2 is Lake Neuchâtel. Lake Geneva is the largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, but is divided between Switzerland and France.	open_qa
Tell me whether these cities are in Italy or Switzerland: Milan, Florence, Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Rome	Lorenzo Bonincontri He lived in different cities in Italy: Naples (1450-75), Florence (1475-78) and Rome (1483-91), where he wrote part of his work. Italy–Switzerland relations Switzerland established Milan as a protectorate of the Confederation between 1512 and 1515. In 1515, the Swiss helped defend the Duchy of Milan against a French invasion. .ch (newspaper) With a claimed initial print run of 435,000, it was one of the largest daily newspapers in Switzerland, according to 2006 statistics. The newspaper was distributed directly to homes in Basel, Bern, Lucerne, St. Gallen and Zürich. It competed mainly with other free newspapers in Switzerland including 20 Minuten, heute and the News. Robert Tollast After he returned to England in 1976, Robert Tollast divided his time among Switzerland, France (Paris) and Italy (Milan and Florence) and Austria (Vienna) with occasional visits to Germany. Langenthal–Melchnau railway line The Langenthal–Melchnau railway line is a metre-gauge line between Langenthal and St. Urban in Switzerland; it originally ran to Melchnau. It was built by the former Langenthal–Melchnau-Bahn (; LMB). The line runs through the cantons of Bern and Lucerne and is now owned and operated by Aare Seeland mobil. Transport in Milan Milan is one of the most important hubs for the national and international rail network in Italy. Milan Central station is the second station in Italy both for size and passengers after Rome. It is also the main node for high-speed rail lines in northern Italy. Milano Cadorna and Milano Porta Garibaldi stations are respectively the seventh and the eleventh busiest stations in Italy. Because of its position, Milan is also the main gateway for international passenger traffic to Europe. Daily international destinations include Bern, Lugano, Geneve, Zurich, Paris, Nice, Marseille, Wien, Barcelona and Munich. Swiss people in Italy In 2021 in Italy there are 8,153 regular citizens from Switzerland. The three cities with most number of Swiss people are: Milan, Rome and Florence. Kriens Kriens is a city and a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Italy–Switzerland relations In 1947 Switzerland founded the “Istituto Svizzero di Roma”, which was created to enhance the cooperation between Italy and Switzerland in the cultural and the scientific fields. This institute participates in various projects like the “settimana della lingua italiana nel mondo” which is an initiative of the Italian foreign ministry. The institute aims to extend the influence of Switzerland culture beyond its borders. The structure offers exhibitions, conferences, meetings in Rome, Milan, and Palermo. Every year the institute hosts young researchers or artists. Exchange students attending these programs study Italian, which is one of the four Swiss national languages. Lucerne Symphony Orchestra The Lucerne Symphony Orchestra () is a Swiss orchestra based in Lucerne. The Luzerner SInfonieorchester is the orchestra-in-residence of the renowned Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre (KKL Luzern). It also acts as the opera orchestra of the Lucerne Theatre.	Milan: Italy Florence: Italy Zurich: Switzerland Bern: Switzerland Lucerne: Switzerland Rome: Italy	classification
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Triangle, Pinaka vina	Pinaka vina It appeared similar to the rudra veena (also called bīn or been), with a long bar held over the musician's shoulder and resting on the ground, with large gourds attached at each end for resonators. However, where the rudra veena has multiple strings and frets, the pinaka vina had only one string made of wire and no frets. Where the rudra veena was a stick zither (with a straight and rigid bar for the instrument's body), the pinaka vīnā was a musical bow (its body a long stick turned up at each end). Pinaka vina The instrument was sounded with a bow. The musician chose notes with a stick held against the strings, able to slide it up and down on the string, in the same way a bottle slides on a slide guitar's strings. Pinaka vina The pināka vīnā ( pinnak + veena) was an Indian musical instrument, a musical bow that was itself played with a bow. It has also been transliterated pinaki vina and pinak. Pinaka vina Pinaka was the name of the bow (arrow-shooting variety) of Shiva. The musical bow pināka made it into literature by the 12th century C.E. in the Saraswati Hridayalankar or Bharatbhashya by Nanyadeva (1097–1133 C.E.) In the mid-12th century it was considered to be a very important instrument by Haripala, a Gujarati king (son of Karna). The instrument was recorded in 1456 as having a second resonator. By 1810 the instrument was rare, and much of our knowledge about its appearance comes from drawings made by Frans Balthazar Solvyns, an artist who illustrated many common scenes in the 1790s and early 1800s. Eka-tantri Vina The instrument is very closely related to the one-stringed alapini vina, an instrument which started out a stick zither but became a tube zither like the eka-tantri vina. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Vichitra veena The vichitra veena () is a stick zither, a plucked string instrument used in Hindustani music. Similar to the Carnatic gottuvadhyam (chitra vina) it has no frets and is played with a slide. Eka-tantri Vina The eka-tantrī vīṇā was a medieval tube-zither veena in India, with a single string and one or more gourd resonators. The instrument became prominent in Indian music in about the 10th century C.E. as instruments of court music. Alongside the alapini vina and kinnari vina it replaced the harp-style veenas and lute-style veenas in sculpture. It was possibly a forerunner of the rudra vina. It shares its name with the modern single-string drone lute, the ektara. Eka-tantri Vina The instruments are fretless, the depictions showing a single string. The later instruments labeled kinnari vina we're fretted and show traits of both the ekatantri vina and the alapini vina, with gourds that are pressed into the chest and also rise above the shoulder.	Pinaka vina is string, Triangle is percussion.	classification
From the given text, list down some points about television series Sadie J	Sadie J Sadie J is a British children's television comedy-drama series about a girl named Sadie Jenkins, who is described as the only girl in a boys' world because she is surrounded by her Dad Steve, his apprentice Keith, her brother Danny, his best friend Jake and their dog Roger. It is produced by the BBC and airs on the CBBC Channel. The show premiered on 14 January 2011 and produced three series, with the final episode aired on 27 March 2013. As of September 2013, Sadie J is now shown in the United States on the Starz Kids & Family cable network. Robert Evans (writer) In 2010, a series of thirteen 30-minute episodes of Evans's sitcom, Sadie J, was commissioned by the children's channel CBBC. Series one of Sadie J began transmitting on 14 January 2011 on the CBBC Channel. Series two started on 25 January 2012, also on CBBC. Series three was commissioned shortly afterwards and began transmitting in January 2013, for a total of 39 episodes. In September 2012, it was announced that Sadie J had been sold to the US cable channel Starz. The series began transmitting there in autumn 2013. Evans is also an actor and has made several cameo appearances in the show as Captain Skylo, star of the fictional TV sci-fi show Space Cargo. Sadie J Screenterrier first posted a casting call for Sadie J in March 2010. It was billed as a feel-good comedy about a feisty 13-year-old girl with the sass of Cheryl Cole and the punch of a prize fighter. Georgia Lock In 2010, Lock was cast as the main character in the CBBC television show Sadie J, which ran for three series from 2011 to 2013. In addition to playing the lead, she recorded the theme song, In A Boy's World. The theme tune was officially released by Demon Records, in association with the BBC. A shortened version of the song is used for the Sadie J title sequence. Sadie J The series was created by Robert Evans and produced by Paul McKenzie. It is based on Evans' real life niece Sadie and her younger brother Danny (who also share their names with the onscreen brother and sister). Jessie Cave On 4 February 2011, she appeared as a one-off character Hermione in the CBBC children's drama Sadie J. Georgia Lock Georgia Nathalie Lock (born 25 October 1996) is an English actress and presenter. She starred in the children's series Sadie J, The Evermoor Chronicles, and presented the CBBC magazine show Friday Download. Sadie (film) Rae's best friend of twenty years is Carla. Her son Francis and self-described old coot Deak are Carla's son and father, and also Sadie's two best friends. Sadie feels protective of Francis, who is struggling with a bully problem at school. Deak is an ever-present sympathetic ear for the trailer park, and particularly Sadie. Ann Mackay Ann Mackay has three daughters. Her eldest daughter is Hannah Mackay, the British television comedy producer of the BAFTA nominated series Peep Show, script editor of the Rose D'Or winning and BAFTA nominated series Toast of London, writer on BAFTA nominated CBBC sitcom Sadie J. and other shows. Sadie J The theme song, In a Boy's World, performed by Georgia Lock, was available to download on iTunes but later had been removed. In the second series it was revamped with a different beat and melody, as with the third series.	1. Sadie Jenkins is the protagonist of the British children's television comedy-drama series Sadie J. She is said to as "the only girl in a boys' world" because she lives with her father Steve, his apprentice Keith, her brother Danny, his best friend Jake, and their dog Roger. 2. It is a BBC production and is broadcast on the CBBC Channel. 3. The programme debuted on January 14, 2011, produced three seasons, and its final episode broadcast on March 27, 2013. 4. As of September 2013, the Starz Kids & Family cable network now broadcasts Sadie J in the United States.	summarization
Extract the names from the cast of the film Replikator, and separate them with a comma.	Replikator Replikator is a 1994 science fiction film directed by G. Philip Jackson and starring Michael St. Gerard, Brigitte Bako, Ned Beatty and Ilona Staller. Ilona Staller Naturalized by marriage and settled in Italy, Staller met pornographer Riccardo Schicchi in the early 1970s, and, beginning in 1973, achieved fame with a radio show called Voulez-vous coucher avec moi? on Radio Luna. For that program she adopted the name Cicciolina. She referred to her male fanbase, and later the male members of the Italian parliament, as , translating loosely as little tubby boys. Although she appeared in several films from 1970, she made her debut under her own name in 1975 with La liceale (also known as The Teasers) by playing with Gloria Guida as her lesbian classmate. Ministry of Vengeance Ministry of Vengeance is a 1989 American action thriller film directed by Peter Maris and starring John Schneider, Ned Beatty, George Kennedy, Apollonia Kotero, Yaphet Kotto and James Tolkan. A Cry in the Wild A Cry in the Wild is a 1990 American coming-of-age survival drama film based on the book Hatchet, written by Gary Paulsen. The film stars Jared Rushton as Brian, Pamela Sue Martin as Brian's mom, Stephen Meadows as Brian's dad, and Ned Beatty as the pilot. It spawned three sequels: ; ; and . Replikator The film was mostly a direct to home-video release but had short theatrical runs in Japan, Canada, South Korea, South Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia. The film's success in many territories including the United States led to a business partnership between D'or and writer–director G. Philip Jackson. Jonathan Wacks Wacks’ first film, Crossroads/South Africa (PBS), won a Student Academy Award in the documentary category. He then produced the acclaimed cult-hit Repo Man, starring Emilio Estevez and Harry Dean Stanton, and directed Mystery Date (Orion), starring Ethan Hawke and Teri Polo and Ed and His Dead Mother, starring Steve Buscemi and Ned Beatty. He also directed an array of TV productions including 21 Jump Street, with Johnny Depp, Sirens and Going To Extremes. Replikator Producer Daniel D'or, an aerial photography specialist, filmed the movie's two helicopter chase scenes personally. Replikator was the first feature film for cinematographer Jonathan Freeman and the first feature for production designer Taavo Soodor. St. John's Conservatory Theater Kreepy Hollow starred Macy Murdock as Alia Hobb, Ava Rutherford as Ravinia Hobb, Caroline Silver as Etta Hobb, Grace Brunet as Tabitha Hobb, Richard O’Donnell as the narrator Diedrich Knickerbocker, Angela Conzone Dwyer as Ichaboda Krane, Christopher Dwyer as Bartholomeus Van tassel, Shelly Murdock as Electra Van Brunt, Tessa Harper as Eurella The Blue Witch, Eric Robinson as Thaddeus Frye, Christopher Rodriguez as Abner Frye, Maddison Cameron as Amias Moore, Gabriella Ott as Charity Smyth, Logan Carr as Chastity Smyth, Mia LaBelle as Comfort Cooke, Madison Miller as Constance Cooke, Delia Payne as Felicity Caldwell, Calea LeBel as Mercy Caldwell, Angela Schembry as Oheo Seneca, Hailey Weber as Parthenia Jones, Gerard Powers as Emory Jones, Samantha Holt as Prudence Miller, Stephen Chambers as Isham Miller, and Ryan Woodard as Nochal Head, the town crier. Open Fire (1994 film) Open Fire is single British television crime drama film, made for ITV, which first broadcast on 12 November 1994. The film was written and directed by Paul Greengrass, and concerns the police manhunt for David Martin, who escaped from custody following his arrest for shooting a police officer, leading up to the shooting in error of another man, Stephen Waldorf. The film starred Rupert Graves as Martin, as well as Samuel West as Waldorf, Douglas Hodge as investigating officer DC Peter Finch, and Kate Hardie as Sue Stephens. Open Fire was filmed in Belsize Park and in around Hampstead, London. The film has never been released commercially. Kismet (musical) The musical was made into a Cinemascope film in 1955 by MGM, directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Howard Keel as Hajj, Ann Blyth as Marsinah, Dolores Gray as Lalume, and Vic Damone as the Caliph. The quartet This is My Beloved was changed to a trio, because Sebastian Cabot, who played the Wazir, could not sing.	Michael St. Gerard as Ludo Ludovic, Brigitte Bako as Kathy Moscow, Ned Beatty as Inspector Victor Valiant, Ilona Staller as Miss Tina Show (as La Cicciolina), Lisa Howard as Lena, Peter Outerbridge as John Cheever, Ron Lea as Byron Scott , David Hemblen as Police Chief, Mackenzie Gray as Candor and Frank Moore as Investigating Officer	information_extraction
What is at the center of our solar system?	History of the center of the Universe Heliocentrism, or heliocentricism, is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a relatively stationary Sun at the center of the Solar System. The word comes from the Greek ( helios sun and kentron center). 5027 Androgeos In May 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Androgeos was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.37 magnitude (). 11252 Laërtes In March 2015, a rotational lightcurve of Laërtes was obtained by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in California. The photometric observations showed a rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (). 2207 Antenor In September 2012, by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory derived two concurring period of hours with an amplitude of 0.12 and 0.15 in the R- and S-band respectively (). Between 2016 and 2018, observation by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies, California, gave rotation period of 7.906, 7.964 hours with an amplitude of 0.09 (). S Cassiopeiae S Cassiopeiae has a radius of 934 solar radii; if placed at the center of the Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Mars and the Asteroid Belt. Its effective temperature is 1,800 K, which is exceptionally cool for any star, and its bolometric luminosity is 5,210 times that of the sun. (38063) 1999 FH In September 2014, American astronomer Robert Stephens obtained a rotational lightcurve from photometric observations taken at the Center for Solar System Studies (CS3, ) in California. It gave an exceptionally long rotation period of hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.55 magnitude (), which makes it one of the slowest rotators known to exist. It is also a suspected tumbling asteroid, which show a non-principal axis rotation. Extrasolar object An extrasolar object () is an astronomical object that exists outside the Solar System. It is not applied to stars, or any other celestial object that is larger than a star or the Solar System, such as a galaxy. The terms for extrasolar examples of Solar System bodies are: Planetary series Weinbaum's Solar System corresponds to the scientific Solar System as envisioned in the mid-1930s, with details supplied from Weinbaum's imagination. By 1934, the Solar System was known to consist of the Sun, nine planets, 26 moons, and a few thousand asteroids and comets. Unlike the Solar System as known today, Weinbaum's Solar System was full of life-forms, many of them intelligent; however, only the humans of Earth possessed the capacity for spaceflight (though there is evidence the Martians may have had it in the past). Weinbaum limited himself to planets and moons as settings, naming the following: Heliocentric (The Ocean album) The songs, art and lyrics of this album tell the story of the rise of the heliocentric world view - the idea that the earth revolves around the sun, and that the sun is stationary and at the center of the solar system. Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei were the first popular ambassadors of this idea, although ancient Greek astronomers like Aristarchus had already posited this theory centuries before. Formation and evolution of the Solar System The Solar System travels alone through the Milky Way in a circular orbit approximately 30,000 light years from the Galactic Center. Its speed is about 220 km/s. The period required for the Solar System to complete one revolution around the Galactic Center, the galactic year, is in the range of 220–250 million years. Since its formation, the Solar System has completed at least 20 such revolutions.	The sun	open_qa
What is the best way to relax?	RELAX NG In computing, RELAX NG (REgular LAnguage for XML Next Generation) is a schema language for XML—a RELAX NG schema specifies a pattern for the structure and content of an XML document. A RELAX NG schema is itself an XML document but RELAX NG also offers a popular compact, non-XML syntax. Compared to other XML schema languages RELAX NG is considered relatively simple. Charles Rob Rob died of heart disease while visiting relatives on 26 July 2001 in Montpellier, Vt. Apart from his medical innovations, he has been remembered for his saying on the treatment of a gangrenous limb: The best treatment for the condition is rest. The best way to rest is sleep. The best way to get sleep is to relieve pain, and the best way to relieve pain is to give whiskey. Infineon XMC The Relax Kit and the Relax Lite Kit are low budget evaluation boards for the XMC4000 microcontroller family. The board contains the XMC4500 microcontroller (XMC4500-F100F1024 AA, Package: PG-LQFP-100), an ARM Cortex-M4F CPU running at 120 MHz, 1 MB Flash and 160 kB RAM. Besides that the Relax and Relax Lite Kit have a detachable on-board debugger so developers can download and validate the code without additional hardware. The Relax Kit and the Relax Lite Kit offer a complete set of on-board devices and plugs to run USB-based applications and to develop human machine interfaces with buttons and LEDs. The Relax Kit extends the feature set with an Ethernet-enabled communication option. It also allows developers to explore mass storage and file systems using a microSD card. In addition, it comes with serial flash memory. DAVE 3 is a suitable free software for those kits to reduce software developing time by using so called DAVE apps. Dave apps are sw component blocks which easily can be combined and implemented from the DAVE3 library. Explorair Relax MV The Relax MV was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. The Best Way to Travel Writing for The Guardian in 2015, music journalist Rob Chapman said: Keyboard player Mike Pinder's (Thinking is) The Best Way to Travel on the In Search of a Lost Chord album is one of the great show me the universe and get me home for tea acid songs, and that quintet of late 60s albums is liberally peppered with memorable psychedelic moments.. RELAX (chiarenza & hauser & co) RELAX (chiarenza & hauser & co) is an artist collective founded by Marie-Antoinette Chiarenza and Daniel Hauser. Icaro Relax The Relax was introduced in 2003 as a beginner and flight training wing and also for recreational pilots looking for a wing that was easy rig and non-demanding to fly. The original Relax model was replaced in production by the improved RX2, or RelaX2. The RX2 comes in three sizes, S, M and L, with an XL version under development. Akdim The Relax and Outdoor Platform (Relax ve Spor Platformunda) organizes different sport and leisure activities like hunting, riding, etc. Uejima Onitsura In his meditation on the art of haiku, Hotorigoto, Onitsura maintained that the best way to learn to write haiku was to first imitate one's teacher, and then to develop one's own style. Nana & Kaoru Kaoru Sugimura is a 17-year-old virgin who has an S&M fetish. He has always dreamt about an SM relationship with his childhood friend and next-door neighbor Nana Chigusa, who is looked upon as perfect and is always the target of boys' eyes. Their relationship has somewhat deteriorated through the years, due to them hanging out with different people and because Kaoru is not taking his education too seriously. Nana has become very stressed at school, that a teacher suggests she find a way to relax. One day though, Kaoru's mother gives some of his S&M toys to Nana for safekeeping. Nana finds the leather one-piece that Kaoru bought and tries it on but accidentally locks herself in it and does not have the key. After Kaoru frees her of the one-piece, Nana soon discovers that the activity has caused her to relax and improve her academic performance. The two of them start engaging in more S&M activities which they call breathers. The story follows their activities as they explore the world of S&M while keeping it a secret from some of their schoolmates and family.	Some of the best ways of relaxing include getting out into nature or a big local park, disconnecting from technology, taking a warm bath with some muscle relaxing salts, making a relaxing drink like a herbal tea or warm milk with honey, spending time with pets, doing something creating or doing some yoga, practicing meditation or mindfulness, getting a massage or trying aromatherapy, writing a journal, listening to relaxing music, focusing on your breathing, visualizing yourself somewhere relaxing or going into a sauna.	general_qa
What is Don’t Starve Together?	Don't Starve Don't Starve is a survival video game developed by the Canadian indie video game developer Klei Entertainment. The game was initially released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on April 23, 2013. A PlayStation 4 port, renamed Don't Starve: Giant Edition, became available the following year (with PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 3 versions released in September 2014 and June 2015 respectively, and an Xbox One version released in August 2015). Don't Starve for iOS, renamed Don't Starve: Pocket Edition was released on July 9, 2015. An Android version was released on October 20, 2016. Downloadable content titled Reign of Giants was released on April 30, 2014, and a multiplayer standalone expansion called Don't Starve Together became free for existing users on June 3, 2015. On Steam, this game is able to be purchased with a free copy for a friend. A Nintendo Switch port came out on April 12, 2018. Don't Starve On September 13, 2016, a Don't Starve-related bundle titled Don't Starve Mega Pack was released for PlayStation 4 including Don’t Starve: Console Edition, Don't Starve: Shipwrecked Console Edition, Don't Starve: Reign of Giants Console Edition (DLC), Don’t Starve Together: Console Edition, and autumn PS4 Themes. On April 20, 2018, the bundle was also released for Microsoft Store. A Don't Starve MEGA PACK PLUS that contained Don't Starve, Don't Starve: Reign of Giants Edition, Don't Starve Together, Don't Starve: Shipwrecked and Don't Starve: Hamlet was also released on Steam. Klei Entertainment Klei's survival adventure game Don't Starve was released on April 23, 2013. Don't Starve was released in a 2-for-1 beta format on Steam, allowing players to purchase two copies of the game for the price of one. Before being officially self-published, Klei sold more than 300,000 copies of Don't Starve at $15 each. On April 21, 2016, Klei released a stand-alone multiplayer version of Don't Starve called Don't Starve Together, which has regular updates and individual downloadable content. Don't Starve Don't Starve was Klei's first foray into the survival genre. Conceived during the height of a game industry trend of dropping players into a world with few instructions and a goal of survival, the game was influenced by Minecraft which spearheaded this trend as well as by filmmaker Tim Burton. The game received positive reviews from critics, commended for its original art style, music, and variety of ways for the player to die, although its high level of difficulty and implementation of permanent death were less warmly received. Don't Starve Don't Starve: Pocket Edition was released on July 9, 2015, for iOS and includes the Reign of Giants DLC. The Android version was officially released on October 20, 2016. Don't Starve A PlayStation Vita port of Don't Starve titled Don't Starve: Giant Edition was announced on August 25, 2014, and was released on September 2, 2014, in North America, and September 3, 2014, in Europe. This was also announced to be released for the Wii U via the Nintendo eShop on March 4, 2015. Wii U Specific Features: Enjoy Off-TV Mode! Use companion map via the Wii U GamePad to navigate around the world Reign of Giants DLC available at launch. Giant Edition was released in North America on May 28, 2015, and in Europe on June 4, 2015. A PlayStation 3 port was developed by Abstraction Games and released in North America on June 23, 2015, as well as in Europe on June 24, 2015. An Xbox One version was released on August 26, 2015. Don't Starve Don't Starve Together made its debut on Steam's Early Access program on December 15, 2014. It supports up to six players at a time, who can be either existing friends or strangers and can play in public or private games. The expansion contains most, if not all, features of the single-player game, but with ongoing balance patches being made for multiplayer. The game was released out of early access on April 21, 2016. If the game is purchased, by itself, two copies are given: one for the purchaser, and one stored as a gift for a friend. Don't Starve On May 7, 2014, Klei announced that a free multiplayer expansion, Don't Starve Together, would be coming later that year. As they had initially decided not to create multiplayer, Klei clarified on their forums that they originally had not been confident that it would actually work both in concept and implementation but had changed their minds in response to popular demand and bringing in new help. Don't Starve Don't Starve: Reign of Giants, the game's first paid downloadable content expansion, was announced on January 18, 2014. Three cryptic teasers were released, each named after a season of the year. The first, Fall, shows a badger-like creature, while Winter adds an unlockable arachnid character named Webber and Spring a furry leg accompanied by a hatching egg. The expansion was made available as early access on April 2 and was released on May 1. It contains new items, characters, and environments. Don't Starve The game's dark and supernatural yet cartoonish art style was influenced by the work of filmmaker Tim Burton, to which it has been frequently compared, and by writers Edward Gorey and H.P. Lovecraft. Forbes noted the team's ambition of creating something dark and creepy. After conception of the basic game setup, Forbes penned a backstory influenced by steampunk and horror, and lead creative director Jeff Agala added comic strip-like art elements. As the game was initially envisioned as a single-player experience, and adding network features would require a complete overhaul of the game's codebase, Klei was initially against adding multiplayer gameplay. However, in December 2014, after numerous requests, Klei finally released the multiplayer version of the game titled Don't Starve Together on Steam Early Access after an initial closed beta release.	Don't Starve Together is a cooperative multiplayer survival game developed by Klei Entertainment, where up to six players can play together online or offline. Players take on the role of a band of characters in a harsh wilderness world, and must work together to keep alive, fed, and mentally stable as they avoid a variety of surreal and supernatural enemies that will try to kill and devour them. The game features a unique hand-drawn art style, as well as randomly generated worlds, providing a new experience with each playthrough.	closed_qa
Tell me whether the following European languages are in the Indo-European language family or not: Spanish, English, Basque, Finnish, Romanian, Hungarian, and Catalan.	Romanian language Romanian is a Romance language, belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, having much in common with languages such as Italian, Spanish, French and Portuguese. Kamkata-vari language It belongs to the Indo-European language family and is in the Nuristani group of the Indo-Iranian branch. Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch, and Spanish, have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Indo-European family is divided into several branches or sub-families, of which there are eight groups with languages still alive today: Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, and Italic; and another nine subdivisions that are now extinct. Indo-European migrations The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family originally spoken by Italic peoples. They include the Romance languages derived from Latin (Italian, Sardinian, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, French, Romanian, Occitan, etc.); a number of extinct languages of the Italian Peninsula, including Umbrian, Oscan, Faliscan, South Picene; and Latin itself. At present, Latin and its daughter Romance languages are the only surviving languages of the Italic language family. Indo-European migrations The Anatolian languages are the first Indo-European language family to have split off from the main group. Due to the archaic elements preserved in the now extinct Anatolian languages, they may be a cousin of Proto-Indo-European, instead of a daughter, but Anatolian is generally regarded as an early offshoot of the Indo-European language group. Hindustani vocabulary Hindi (हिन्दी Hindi) is one of the Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-European language family. The core of Hindi vocabulary is thus etymologically Indo-European. However, centuries of borrowing has led to the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins. Proto-Indo-European homeland The Anatolian languages are the first Indo-European language family to have split off from the main group. Due to the archaic elements preserved in the Anatolian languages, they may be a cousin of Proto-Indo-European, instead of a daughter, but Anatolian is generally regarded as an early offshoot of the Indo-European language group. Wasi-wari Vasi-vari belongs to the Indo-European language family, and is on the Nuristani group of the Indo-Iranian branch. Vasi-vari is the most isolated of the Nuristani languages. Indo-European languages The Indo-European family is not known to be linked to any other language family through any more distant genetic relationship, although several disputed proposals to that effect have been made. Romance languages The Romance languages, sometimes referred to as Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages, are the various modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages in the Indo-European language family.	Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan are all Indo-European languages classified within the Romance branch of Indo-European languages. English and German are both Indo-European languages classified within the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages. Basque, Finnish, and Hungarian are not Indo-European languages. Basque is a language isolate and is not known to be related to any other living language. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages and are not related to the Indo-European languages.	classification
Give me three festive holiday meals I could serve to my family for Christmas	The Most Wonderful Time of the Year (Mark Vincent album) Upon announcement Vincent said: I have long dreamed of recording a Christmas album that captures the beautiful traditions of the festive season. Over the years these songs have brought so much joy to my family and I, and it is my pleasure to give back that same joy by making this album; it was my time to record a Christmas album, as Christmas is the most beautiful day of the year. Cookie decorating Also during the 17th century, Dutch and German settlers introduced cookie cutters, decorative molds, and festive holiday decorations to the United States. Gingerbread was likely the first U.S.-made Christmas cookie. Sugar cookies, one of the most widely decorated of cookies today, evolved from the English. Stu Francis Francis had numerous catchphrases on Crackerjack, mostly based on his prolific Ooh! I could crush a grape!!. Other variations included: I could pop a balloon, I could rip a tissue, I could jump off a doll's house, I could wrestle an action man, I could duff a daffodil, I could test drive a Tonka, I could pummel a peach, and I could eat a whole sausage roll. Family folklore Holiday meals are highly ritualized in many cultures, but still vary by family. They can be characterized by food type, meal timing, preparation method, etc. An Echolls Family Christmas In addition to the series' theme song, We Used to Be Friends, by The Dandy Warhols, the following music can be heard in the episode: Renovate My Family Renovate My Family is a 2004 reality television series on Fox which reaches out to improve the lives of troubled families. While arguably it is very similar to ABC's , Renovate My Family focuses on both the family and the home. The show was short-lived, lasting only a season and ending production by the summer of 2005. Pan toting ...there are hungry children in the cabin awaiting their mothers return, when I give out my meals I bear these little blackberry pickaninnies in mind, and I never wound the feelings of any cook by asking her 'what that is she has under her apron'...I know what it is – every biscuit, scrap of meat, or bit of cake she can save during the day, and if possible, a little sugar filched from the pantry. The Great American Baking Show (season 1) Festive holiday bakes continued in the tent as bakers had two hours to create a yule log sponge cake with a sweet filling of their choice. The technical bake was based on the recipe of Johnny Iuzzini's tiramisu cake with ladyfinger crisps. For the final showstopper bake, the bakers created a Twelve Days of Christmas fruitcake that revolved around one of the verses from the traditional Christmas carol. Absolutely Normal Chaos Sharon Creech stated that the inspiration for this story was an occasion when, I'd been living overseas (England and Switzerland) for about ten years, and I was sadly missing my family back in the States. I thought I'd write a story about normal family chaos and that's how this began, with me trying to remember what it was like growing up in my family. Writing the story was a way for me to feel as if my family were with me, right there in our little cottage in England.. Leftovers At some holiday meals, such as Christmas and Thanksgiving in the United States, it is customary to prepare much more food than necessary, specifically so the host can send leftovers home with guests. Cold turkey is archetypal in the United States as a Thanksgiving leftover, with turkey meat often reappearing in sandwiches, soups, and casseroles for several days after the feast.	Here are 3 festive meals for the holidays: * Prime Rib and Yorkshire Pudding is very traditional * Turkey, mashed potatoes, cranberries and stuffing are a colorful and delicious American tradition * Leg of lamb with mint sauce is also a cheerful option	brainstorming
When was Campbell, CA founded?	Campbell, California In 1878, Campbell sold his land for $5 an acre to a railroad company. By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad, from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands. He and his wife Mary (née Rucker) Campbell (1834–1913) founded the city which was first known as Campbell's Place, but would later become the town of Campbell. Campbell, California The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center. By 1892, the Campbell Fruit Growers' Union became a well-known cooperative with its drying yard. J.C. Ainsley Packing Company, Hyde Cannery, and Payne Cannery were the main fruit packing companies. Campbell, California Campbell was incorporated as a city in 1952. The city then grew rapidly as orchard lands disappeared, tract by tract. Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley. Campbell, California In 1895, The Bank of Campbell was founded and the first newspaper, the Campbell Weekly Visitor, began publication. Invizimals: The Lost Tribes After the player collects the Light and Dark Tigersharks, Campbell storms Kenichi's temple to overthrow him and take command of the shadow gate. After Kenichi and Campbell have a war of words where Kenichi argues that the Dark Invizimals are not inherently mere tools of evil, but rather Campbell nurtured them into becoming evil, Campbell strikes down Kenichi, and challenges the player to a battle. After the player defeats him, Campbell is defeated for the final time. Bebe Moore Campbell Campbell lived in Los Angeles, California, with her husband, Ellis Gordon Jr.; they raised two children, a son, Ellis Gordon III, and a daughter, actress Maia Campbell, from Campbell's previous marriage to Tiko Campbell. Maia Campbell is best known for her role as Tiffany on In the House. Bebe Moore Campbell died from brain cancer, aged 56, on November 27, 2006, and was interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California. Her favorite quote on being a writer was: Discipline is the servant of inspiration. The Last Days on Mars While Campbell and Lane wait for the sun to rise and the solar powered batteries to recharge, they discuss the nature of the zombies and Lane questions whether any human consciousness remains trapped in them. Campbell attempts to comfort her and falls asleep. When he wakes up alone, Campbell realizes that Lane has fled into the desert and he chases her. Lane, who knows she is likely to turn, fails to deter Campbell from following her and in desperation, commits suicide by removing her helmet. After she dies, Lane reanimates and begs Campbell to destroy her. Campbell reluctantly complies by bashing her head in with a rock. Ed Ricketts Ricketts also influenced the mythologist Joseph Campbell. This was an important period in the development of Campbell's thinking about the epic journey of the hero with a thousand faces. Campbell lived for a while next door to Ricketts, participated in professional and social activities at his neighbor's, and accompanied him, along with Xenia and Sasha Kashevaroff, on a 1932 journey to Juneau, Alaska, on the Grampus. Like Steinbeck, Campbell played with a novel written round Ricketts as hero, but unlike Steinbeck, didn't complete the book. Bruce Robison writes that Campbell would refer to those days as a time when everything in his life was taking shape... Campbell, the great chronicler of the hero's journey in mythology, recognized patterns that paralleled his own thinking in one of Ricketts's unpublished philosophical essays. Echoes of Carl Jung, Robinson Jeffers and James Joyce can be found in the work of Steinbeck and Ricketts as well as Campbell. Campbell, California The Campbell Community Center is located on the northwest corner of Winchester and Campbell Avenues, in the building that used to be Campbell High School, the original school in the Campbell Union High School District. The Redwood Tree, which stands at the corner of Winchester Boulevard and Campbell Avenue was originally planted there on May 11, 1903, by then President, Teddy Roosevelt. The city acquired the property on August 1, 1985, five years after the school shut down. The Heritage Theater, formerly the high school's auditorium, was reopened after renovations in 2004 as an entertainment and event venue. The Community Center holds classes, and portions are available to be rented for various events. Maia Campbell Born in Takoma Park, Maryland, Campbell is the daughter of author Bebe Moore Campbell and Tiko Campbell, an architect and author from Washington, D.C. She was raised in the Ladera Heights section of Los Angeles. Campbell has become best known for her role as the witty adolescent daughter on the series In the House, though she has been frequently seen on television. She was featured in a regular role as Nicole in the short-lived Fox series South Central, portraying Larenz Tate's girlfriend, and also had a guest role in Thea. She also had a minor role in John Singleton's Poetic Justice, with Janet Jackson, playing the role of Lucky's (played by Tupac Shakur) cousin. Campbell also hosted the young adult magazine show Twenty-four/Seven in 1995. She briefly attended Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia. After an appearance on in 2012 things seemed to be going well for Campbell considering the fact that she was willingly in a sober living house with four other women and had been taking her medication for Bipolar disorder, which she was diagnosed with in 1998.	Campbell was founded in 1952.	closed_qa
What is CAPTCHA?	CAPTCHA CAPTCHAs' purpose is to prevent spam on websites, such as promotion spam, registration spam, and data scraping, and bots are less likely to abuse websites with spamming if those websites use CAPTCHA. Many websites use CAPTCHA to prevent bot raiding, and it works effectively. CAPTCHA's design is that humans can complete CAPTCHAs, while most robots can't. New CAPTCHAs look at the user's behaviour on the internet, to prove that they are a human. A normal CAPTCHA test only appears if the user acts like a bot, such as when they request webpages, or click links too fast. CAPTCHA The term was coined in 2003 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford. The most common type of CAPTCHA (displayed as Version 1.0) was first invented in 1997 by two groups working in parallel. This form of CAPTCHA requires entering a sequence of letters or numbers in a distorted image. Because the test is administered by a computer, in contrast to the standard Turing test that is administered by a human, a CAPTCHA is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test.This test has received many criticisms, from people with disabilities, but also many websites use it to prevent bot spamming and raiding, and it works effectively, and its usage is widespread. Most websites use hCaptcha or reCAPTCHA. It takes the average person approximately 10 seconds to solve a typical CAPTCHA. PhpBB On June 10, 2009, the phpBB Development Team broke with their precedent of keeping future development plans under wraps and publicly previewed a series of new features that would be coming in phpBB 3.0.6. After four RC releases, phpBB 3.0.6 was released on November 17. The most notable new features included a bare-bones quick reply editor (a feature which the teams had historically been firmly opposed to), support for ACM (cache) plugins, ATOM feed support, and a plugin-based CAPTCHA system, including built-in support for reCAPTCHA among others. The modularization of phpBB's CAPTCHA also provided an API for MOD authors to write CAPTCHA plugins, allowing for greater diversification of the CAPTCHAs used in phpBB installations. The Extensions Team also ran a competition to encourage CAPTCHA plugin development. CAPTCHA In August 2014 at Usenix WoOT conference, Bursztein et al. presented the first generic CAPTCHA-solving algorithm based on reinforcement learning and demonstrated its efficiency against many popular CAPTCHA schemas. PhpBB The CAPTCHA system in phpBB2 has proven vulnerable to automated registrations, with numerous phpBB-based forums being swamped by forum spam. phpBB3 has improved its anti-spam options available to forum administrators, including a new CAPTCHA system, suspensions, user logging, and other various features. The phpBB team has published recommendations on protecting the boards from spam. Currently the best method is to use a Q&A (question-answer) challenge, which was introduced into phpBB 3.0.6. phpBB3 has a much stronger CAPTCHA system, however during the phpBB3 development/beta phase it was frequently criticised for being difficult to read. The development team has been working on improving its readability prior to phpBB3's final release. CAPTCHA A CAPTCHA ( , a contrived acronym for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human. CAPTCHA One of the earliest commercial uses of CAPTCHAs was in the Gausebeck–Levchin test. In 2000, idrive.com began to protect its signup page with a CAPTCHA and prepared to file a patent. In 2001, PayPal used such tests as part of a fraud prevention strategy in which they asked humans to retype distorted text that programs have difficulty recognizing. PayPal cofounder and CTO Max Levchin helped commercialize this use. NuCaptcha Static image-based CAPTCHAs are routinely used to prevent automated sign-ups to websites by using text or images of words disguised so that optical character recognition (OCR) software has trouble reading them. However, in common CAPTCHA systems, users fail to correctly solve the CAPTCHA 7%25% of the time. NuCaptcha uses animated video technology that it claims make puzzles easier for humans to solve, but harder for bots and hackers to decipher. CAPTCHA In October 2013, artificial intelligence company Vicarious claimed that it had developed a generic CAPTCHA-solving algorithm that was able to solve modern CAPTCHAs with character recognition rates of up to 90%. However, Luis von Ahn, a pioneer of early CAPTCHA and founder of reCAPTCHA, said: It's hard for me to be impressed since I see these every few months. 50 similar claims to that of Vicarious had been made since 2003. Ed Tracy Tracy wrote and directed the short film CAPTCHA for the British Film Institute and Film4. It was released in 2014, and starred Arthur Darvill, Amy Beth Hayes, Nigel Lindsay, Kayvan Novak, with the voice of Zoë Wanamaker.	CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.	open_qa
What were the origins of basketball?	Frank Ramsey (basketball) Ramsey was mentioned in the episode If I Could See Me Now of Married... with Children. Bud asked Al the trivia question, Who was known as the best sixth man in basketball? He played for the Celtics, to which Al nonchalantly replied, Frank Ramsey. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. CB Aismalíbar The origins of the basketball team goes back to the year 1947 when the company Aismalíbar created a social club for its workers. The employees created a basketball team that was entered in the Trade Union Work of Education and Leisure League. After several successes in that competition, the company entered a team in the Catalan Basketball Federation under the name CB Aismalíbar. This was champion of Second and First Regional Catalan on. Nan Ryan Nan Ryan won Historical Storyteller of the year in 1995 from Romantic Times. She was nominated for Best Western Historical romance in 1997. Ryan was named Best historical storyteller of the year in again in 2001. Thung Chang district Neighboring districts are, from the east clockwise, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Pua, Chiang Klang and Song Khwae of Nan Province. To the north is Xaignabouli of Laos. Nan Gindele Nan Gindele taught physical education in Chicago schools, and was a member of the Illinois Women's Athletic Club. Gindele was the national title holder for basketball throw from 1933 to 1936. She set the javelin world record in 1932, at a meet in Chicago, four weeks before the Olympic trials. That record was not broken until 1938.	James Naismith, a gym instructor in New England, invented basketball in 1891 as an alternative to football. The original basketball game involved throwing a ball into a peach basket. Since then, the game has progressed to become one of the most popular sports in the world.	open_qa
Who was Tap Gordon Jones?	Tap Jones Air Marshal Sir Edward “Tap” Gordon Jones, (31 August 1914 – 20 February 2007) was an officer in the Royal Air Force for 34 years, from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of obsolescent biplane Gladiator fighters during the Greek Campaign in the Second World War, where he shot down five Italian Fiat CR.42 fighters. He served in mainly operational posts in Europe until he retired. Unusually, he never served a post in the Air Ministry or the UK Ministry of Defence. Widnes Born in the village of Farnworth, Roy Chadwick (1893–1947) was the designer of the Avro Lancaster bomber. Thomas Mottershead (1893–1917), also born in Widnes, joined the Royal Flying Corps during World War I; he was awarded the Victoria Cross and the Distinguished Conduct Medal posthumously for his gallantry. Another Widnes man, Thomas Wilkinson (1898–1942) of the Royal Naval Reserve, was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously during World War II. Air Marshal Sir Tap Jones, KCB, CBE, DSO, DFC (1914 in Widnes – 2007) was an officer in the Royal Air Force for 34 years, from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of obsolescent biplane Gladiator fighters during the Battle of Greece in World War II. Tap Jones Jones had a succession of mainly operational appointments in Europe after the War. Unusually, he never served a post in the Air Ministry or the Ministry of Defence. Gloster Gladiator In Eastern Africa, it was determined that Italian forces based on Ethiopia posed a threat to the British Aden Protectorate, thus it was decided that an offensive would be necessary, in which the Gladiator would face off against the Italian biplane fighters: Fiat CR.32s and CR.42s. On 6 November 1940, in the first hour of the British offensive against Ethiopia, the Fiat CR.42 fighters of the 412a Squadriglia led by Capt. Antonio Raffi shot down five Gloster Gladiators of 1 SAAF Sqn; among the Italian pilots was the ace Mario Visintini, who later became the top scoring pilot of all belligerent air forces in Eastern Africa (Africa Orientale) and the top biplane fighter ace of World War II. Tactically, the SAAF aircraft erred by engaging the CR.42's in a piecemeal fashion and not en masse, and they were heavily outnumbered. George Jones (RAAF officer) Air Marshal Sir George Jones, (18 October 1896 – 24 August 1992) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He rose from private soldier in World War I to air marshal in 1948, and served as Chief of the Air Staff from 1942 to 1952, the longest continuous tenure of any RAAF chief. Jones was a surprise appointee to the Air Force's top role, and his achievements in the position were coloured by a divisive relationship during World War II with his nominal subordinate, the head of RAAF Command, Air Vice-Marshal William Bostock. Gloster Gladiator In the Mediterranean Theatre during 1940–41, Gladiators saw combat with four Allied air forces: the RAF, Royal Australian Air Force, South African Air Force and Ellinikí Vasilikí Aeroporía (Royal Hellenic Air Force) squadrons. These achieved some success against the Italian Regia Aeronautica, which was mainly equipped with Fiat CR.32 and Fiat CR.42 biplanes, and against Luftwaffe bombers. The South African ace Marmaduke Pat Pattle (who served with the RAF), claimed 15 kills in Gladiators during the North African and Greek Campaigns, making him the highest-scoring RAF biplane ace of the war. Royal New Zealand Air Force New Zealanders in the RAF itself included pilots, such as the first RAF ace of the war, Flying Officer Cobber Kain and Alan Deere (whose book Nine Lives was one of the early post-war accounts of combat); and leaders such as the World War I ace, Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park, who commanded No. 11 Group RAF in the Battle of Britain and went on to the air defence of Malta (and, in the closing stages of the war, Commonwealth air units under South East Asia Command) and Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham Air Tactical Commander during the Normandy landings in June 1944 (Coningham and Park had remained with the RAF after WWI). Tap Jones He was promoted to air marshal in November 1966, and took up the position of Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Near East Air Force (including responsibility for British Forces Cyprus and Administration of the Sovereign Base Areas). He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1967, and retired from the RAF in August 1969. Wilfred Arthur Promoted to flying officer, Arthur was posted to No. 3 (Army Cooperation) Squadron and departed with the unit for North Africa in July 1940. Piloting a Gloster Gladiator biplane, he scored his first aerial victory by shooting down an Italian Fiat CR.42 north-west of Sofafi, Egypt, on 12 December. The next day he himself was shot down by a CR.42 and had to bail out, narrowly avoiding disaster when he became entangled first with his oxygen hose and then with the Gladiator's wing-bracing wires; he was only torn loose at a height of by the force of rushing air as his stricken plane fell to earth. Arthur claimed one further victim in a Gladiator before his unit re-equipped with Hawker Hurricanes in January 1941. He was flying a Hurricane when he shot down a Messerschmitt Bf 110 in April. No. 118 Squadron RAF No. 118 Squadron was a squadron of the British Royal Air Force. Originally formed in 1918, it served as a fighter squadron in the Second World War, flying Spitfires and Mustangs. It flew jet fighters as part of RAF Germany in the 1950s, and Bristol Sycamore helicopters in Northern Ireland before finally disbanding in 1962.	Tap Gordon Jones, full name Air Marshal Sir Edward "Tap" Gordon Jones, KCB, CBE, DSO, DFC was an officer in the UK Royal Air Force from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of Gladiators during the Greek Campaign in Wold War II. At the time Gladiators were considered to be obsolete. During the Greek Campaign, he shot down Five Italian fighters. After the war until his retirement he mainly served in operational posts in Europe.	summarization
Which of these are Aamir Khan Movies : Sarfarosh, Mela, Dil, Darr, Beta	Pradip Sawant The 1999 Bollywood film Sarfarosh starring Aamir Khan is said to be inspired by Pradip Sawant. Often the character of ACP Ajay Singh Rathod, which was played by Aamir Khan in the film Sarfarosh is closely associated with Sawant. Mela (2000 film) Mela () is a 2000 Indian masala film directed by Dharmesh Darshan. It stars Aamir Khan, his brother Faisal Khan, and Twinkle Khanna. The film bombed upon release . 3rd IIFA Awards Aamir Khan received dual nominations for Best Actor for his performances in Dil Chahta Hai and Lagaan, winning for the latter. Dil (1990 film) Dil () is a 1990 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film, starring Aamir Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Anupam Kher, and Saeed Jaffrey. It was directed by Indra Kumar, written by Naushir Khatau and Kamlesh Pandey, with music composed by Anand–Milind. Pathik Vats Pathik was honored in the Filmfare Awards in the best dialogues category for Aamir Khan's blockbuster Sarfarosh. He was also the associate director of Sarfarosh. Pathik was also nominated for Screen Awards, International Indian Film Academy, Sansui and Zee Cine Awards in the Best Dialogue. 47th Filmfare Awards Aamir Khan received dual nominations for Best Actor for his performances in Dil Chahta Hai and Lagaan, winning for the latter. Sarfarosh Sarfarosh () is a 1999 Indian action drama film written, produced and directed by John Matthew Matthan and starring Aamir Khan, Naseeruddin Shah, Sonali Bendre and Mukesh Rishi. John started working on Sarfarosh in 1992. Seven years were spent on the research, pre-production and production till it finally released in 1999. The film deals with an Indian police officer's quest to stop cross-border terrorism. Aamir Khan John Mathew Matthan's Sarfarosh, Khan's first film in 1999, was also moderately successful and was received better than usual at the box office. The film and Khan were highly appreciated by movie critics, as was his role in Deepa Mehta's Canadian-Indian art house film Earth (1998). Earth was internationally acclaimed by critics such as Roger Ebert for Khan's portrayal of Dil Nawaz (Ice Candy Man). His first release for the 2000s, Mela, in which he acted alongside his brother Faisal, was both a box office and critical bomb. Aamir Khan filmography Khan's first leading role came opposite Juhi Chawla in the highly successful tragic romance Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988). His performance in the film and in the thriller Raakh (1989) earned him a National Film Award – Special Mention. He went on to establish himself with roles in several lucrative films of the 1990s, including the romantic drama Dil (1990), the comedy-drama Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993), and the romance Raja Hindustani (1996). He also played against type in the Deepa Mehta-directed Canadian-Indian co-production Earth (1998). In 1999, Khan launched a production company, Aamir Khan Productions, whose first release Lagaan (2001) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and earned him the National Film Award for Best Popular Film. Also in 2001, he starred alongside Saif Ali Khan and Akshaye Khanna in the acclaimed coming-of-age drama Dil Chahta Hai. Lagaan and Dil Chahta Hai are cited in the media as defining films of Hindi cinema. After a four-year hiatus, Khan portrayed the eponymous lead in (2005), a period film that underperformed at the box office, after which he played leading roles in two top-grossing films of 2006Fanaa and Rang De Basanti. 2008 Zee Cine Awards Taare Zameen Par won 6 awards, including Best Director (for Aamir Khan), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.	Sarfarosh, Mela, Dil are Aamir Khan Movies. Darr had Sunny Deol and Shah Kurh Khan in the lead roles , Beta had Anil Kapoor in the lead role.	classification
What are some of the major cities in Australia?	Historical rankings of prime ministers of Australia Asked which, of the past five, had been the best government for Australia ?, responses were as follows: Richard Twopeny Twopeny wrote a series of letters that would later be compiled into a book titled Town Life in Australia (1883). It compared the major cities of Australia—at the time Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide—to each other and to those in the United Kingdom. Bavaria The major cities in Bavaria are Munich (München), Nuremberg (Nürnberg), Augsburg, Regensburg, Würzburg, Ingolstadt, Fürth, and Erlangen. Glenn Barkley In November 2016 Barkley's work was the subject of a critical essay Is Glenn Barkley Really the Worst Studio Potter In Australia? by Garth Clark, chief editor of cfile.daily. Arabian Sea There are many major cities and towns in the coast of Arabian Sea. Some of the major cities are Mumbai, Muscat, Karachi, Aden, Salalah, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kollam, Mangalore, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Mogadishu, Gwadar, Abu Dhabi, Mundra, Dubai, Kannur, Panaji, Karwar, Udupi, Ratnagiri, Murdeshwar, Colombo, Takamaka, and Dhiffushi. Purba Medinipur district Major cities and towns include Panskura, Tamluk, Nandakumar, Contai, Egra, Haldia, Mecheda, Mahishadal, Digha, Mandarmani, Khejuri, Ramnagar, Patashpur, Kolaghat, Nandigram. Jing-Jin-Ji Jingjinji includes the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include: Southern Australia Majority of southern Australia is uninhabited due to its arid nature, with populations concentrating in the cities of Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth. Of Australia's 9 main cities in Australia, southern Australia is home to 7 of them, making the region the most populated area of Australia. Wani, Yavatmal Wani is connected with major cities like Yavatmal, Nagpur, Pune, Aurangabad, Adilabad, Nanded, Akola, Amravati, Chandrapur, Pusad, Washim, Gadchiroli, Darwha, Digras, Ner by MSRTC buses. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry.	Some of the major cities in Australia are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth.	open_qa
What items can be easily composted at home?	Do They Miss Me at Home? Do They Miss Me at Home? is a song composed by S. M. Grannis with lyrics by Caroline Atherton Mason. The song was published in 1852 and enjoyed great popularity upon its publication. It was later popular among soldiers during the American Civil War. Compost Potential sources of compostable materials, or feedstocks, include residential, agricultural, and commercial waste streams. Residential food or yard waste can be composted at home, or collected for inclusion in a large-scale municipal composting facility. In some regions, it could also be included in a local or neighborhood composting project. Do They Miss Me at Home? The lyrics to the song were written as a poem by Mason and published in the Salem Register in 1844, where young Mason published a number of poems under the name Caro. Her first volume of verse appeared in January 1852, Utterance; Or, Private Voices to the Public Heart, and Do They Miss Me at Home? appeared as the first poem. Utterance received a fairly warm reception from literary reviewers. Why Leave Home? Why Leave Home? is a 1929 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Raymond Cannon and written by Robert Spencer Carr and Walter Catlett. The film stars Sue Carol, Nick Stuart, Dixie Lee, Ilka Chase, Walter Catlett, and Gordon De Main. The film was released on August 25, 1929, by Fox Film Corporation. It is a remake of Cradle Snatchers (1927). Why Leave Home? was later remade in 1943 as Let's Face It with Bob Hope. How Are We Getting Home? How Are We Getting Home? is a 2004 album by Gaelic Storm. This album features the most original compositions to date by Gaelic Storm, and features a working class theme. The band also introduced a new percussionist and fiddler. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry.	For a home compost bin, it is important to only compost things that can be easily turned to soil an won't attract animals or pest. Thus, you can compost fruits and vegetables, egg shells, coffee grounds, paper products like newspaper or cardboard (if ripped into smaller pieces), and yard waste like grass clippings and leaves. In a commercial compost, oily food scraps, dairy, meat, and bones can also be composted. It is better to leave these items out of a home compost bin.	brainstorming
"William Bowery" is a pseudonym for whom?	Pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto is a pseudonym of a still unknown author or authors' group behind a white paper about bitcoin. Bowery By the time of the Civil War, the mansions and shops had given way to low-brow concert halls, brothels, German beer gardens, pawn shops, and flophouses, like the one at No. 15 where the composer Stephen Foster lived in 1864. Theodore Dreiser closed his tragedy Sister Carrie, set in the 1890s, with the suicide of one of the main characters in a Bowery flophouse. The Bowery, which marked the eastern border of the slum of Five Points, had also become the turf of one of America's earliest street gangs, the nativist Bowery Boys. In the spirit of social reform, the first YMCA opened on the Bowery in 1873; another notable religious and social welfare institution established during this period was the Bowery Mission, founded in 1880 at 36 Bowery by Reverend Albert Gleason Ruliffson. The mission has remained along the Bowery throughout its lifetime. In 1909 the mission moved to its current location at 227–229 Bowery. Joe Alwyn Alwyn explored his music prospects with American singer-songwriter and girlfriend, Taylor Swift. He explained that he had not planned on working with Swift, but it came about from messing around on a piano, and singing badly, and then being overheard by Swift, and being, like, 'Let's see what happens if we get to the end of it together'. He co-produced the songs Exile, Betty, My Tears Ricochet, August, This Is Me Trying and Illicit Affairs on Swift's eighth studio album, Folklore (2020); he also co-wrote Exile and Betty, under the pseudonym William Bowery. Exile reached the top 10 of the charts in various countries, including number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number eight on the UK Singles Chart. At the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2021, Exile was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance, while Folklore won the Album of the Year, garnering Alwyn his first Grammy win. He (as Bowery) also co-wrote Champagne Problems, Coney Island and the title track on Swift's second 2020 album, Evermore. In April 2022, Alwyn revealed to The Wall Street Journal that the name William Bowery was derived from the first name of his great grandfather William Alwyn, who was a music composer, and the last name in honor of the New York City neighbourhood Bowery, where he had spent a lot of time when he first arrived to the U.S. He worked with Swift on her tenth studio album, Midnights (2022), as well, co-writing its penultimate track, Sweet Nothing, as Bowery. Bowery Boys (gang) The Bowery Boys (vernacular Bowery Bhoys) were a nativist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Irish criminal gang based in the Bowery neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City in the early-mid-19th century. In contrast with the Irish immigrant tenement of the Five Points, one of the worst city slums in the United States, the Bowery was a more prosperous working-class community. Despite its reputation as one of the most notorious street gangs of New York City at the time, the majority of the Bowery Boys led law-abiding lives for the most part. The gang was made up exclusively of volunteer firemen—though some also worked as tradesmen, mechanics, and butchers (the primary trade of prominent leader William Bill the Butcher Poole)—and would fight rival fire companies over who would extinguish a fire. The Bowery Boys often battled multiple outfits of the infamous Five Points, most notably the Dead Rabbits, with whom they feuded for decades. The uniform of a Bowery Boy generally consisted of a stovepipe hat in variable condition, a red shirt, and dark trousers tucked into boots—this style paying homage to their firemen roots. Academic authorship Satoshi Nakamoto is a pseudonym of a still unknown author or authors' group behind a white paper about bitcoin. Bowery Poetry Club Bowery Poetry is operated by Bowery Arts + Science, a non-profit organization founded by Bob Holman, and run by filmmaker and poet Nikhil Melnechuk. Bowery Savings Bank Building (130 Bowery) The Bowery Savings Bank opened on June 2, 1834, in a three-story house at 128 Bowery, receiving $2,020 from fifty customers on its first day. The site had been occupied by the Butchers' and Drovers' Bank; at first, the two banks shared the building, operating at different times of day. By 1836, the Butchers' and Drovers' Bank relocated next door to 124 Bowery. The Bowery bank had $3 million in deposits by 1850, when the bank hired its first paid employees. By then, increasing business prompted the Bowery Savings Bank to purchase an adjacent lot on 130 Bowery in January 1852. The Bowery bank's trustees hired the firm of Thomas & Son to design an Italianate structure at 128 and 130 Bowery, the bank's second building on the site. Work on the edifice commenced in May 1852, and it opened in March 1853. The second building included a U-shaped tellers' counter, a ceiling skylight, and basement vaults. Charles Walmesley An 1823 refutation by Pastor Fido (also a pseudonym) was titled: Pastorini proved to be a bad prophet, and a worse divine. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	Joe Alwyn	open_qa
Give me a list of the top 10 types of clouds	Bettison's Folly In 2011, Huffington Post included the folly in their unordered list of the Top 10 Pieces of Folly Architecture. Altostratus cloud Stratus are low-level clouds that are usually visually similar to altostratus. Stratus comes in two species: nebulosus, a largely-featureless flat gray cloud sheet, and fractus, shattered fragments of cloud often called scud. Opaque varieties of altostratus and stratus nebulosus clouds can be virtually indistinguishable from each other to the naked eye, to the point that the World Meteorological Organization suggests that one of the few ways to distinguish between these clouds is to check what types of clouds came before them. Altostratus clouds, because they tend to form from warm fronts, are usually preceded by high-level cirriform clouds. Stratus clouds tend to form by cooling air masses, often at night, and thus are not usually preceded by other types of clouds. 1989 in Latin music The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 1990, according to Billboard. Wing Lung Bank On the list of Top 500 Banking Brands of The Banker, CMB has jumped into the Top 10, ranking 9th in 2019. Cumulonimbus cloud Clouds form when the dew point temperature of water is reached in the presence of condensation nuclei in the troposphere. The atmosphere is a dynamic system, and the local conditions of turbulence, uplift, and other parameters give rise to many types of clouds. Various types of cloud occur frequently enough to have been categorized. Furthermore, some atmospheric processes can make the clouds organize in distinct patterns such as wave clouds or actinoform clouds. These are large-scale structures and are not always readily identifiable from a single point of view. 1990 in Latin music The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 1990, according to Billboard. 1987 in Latin music The following is a list of the top 10 best-performing Latin songs in the United States in 1987, according to Billboard. 2016 in Latin music The following is a list of the top 10 best-selling Latin albums in the United States in 2016, according to Billboard. Mentor, Ohio In July 2010, CNNMoney.com ranked Mentor 37th in a list of the Top 100 Best Small Cities to Live in America. Michael Phillips (critic) Each year, Phillips prepares a list of the top ten films of the year. In 2009, he also made a list for the films of the 2000's decade.	Cumulus, Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus, Cumulonimbus, Altocumulus, Nimbostratus, Altostratus,	brainstorming
Given a reference text about Naul, tell me what country it's in and what river passes through it.	Naul, Dublin Naul village and the surrounding townlands which comprise the area of Naul, sit on the Northern border of County Dublin and Fingal. However the area locally known as Naul also extends north of the county border into county Meath. The area of north county Dublin comprises 2,627 acres and includes 15 townlands: Naul , Hazardstown , Reynoldstown , Coolfores , Doolagh , Fortyacres , Winnings , Hynestown , Cabin Hill , Flacketstown , Lecklinstown and Westown . Naul, Dublin Naul (, also known as The Naul), is a village, townland, and civil parish at the northern edge of Fingal and the traditional County Dublin in Ireland. The Delvin River to the north of the village marks the county boundary with County Meath. Naul civil parish is in the historic barony of Balrothery West. Naul, Dublin The River Delvin passes through Naul at the north, through a deep valley known as 'The Roche' which is hemmed in by steep banks and rocky cliffs which rise to 20 metres at one point. In the valley there is a natural waterfall known as 'Waterfall of The Roches'. Further downstream the river has been dammed, forming an artificial pond and cascade with a small private hydroelectric plant. Naul Hills The Naul Hills, or Man-of-War Hills are low-lying hills in north County Dublin, Ireland, close to the village of Naul, formerly called The Naul, (). They lie beside the County Meath border, 30 kilometres north of Dublin City (17 km north of the airport), 16 km north-northwest of Swords, and 8 km southwest of Balbriggan. Clann Mhuire CLG Clann Mhuire is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based at Naul, County Dublin, Ireland, serving Naul and its surrounding areas. Naul, Dublin Locally, the village is still known as The Naul as a throwback to the original Irish name, although this is not recognised officially. Delvin River The Delvin rises north west of the village of Garristown, and receives the Bartramstown River, which rises in County Meath and passes near the Fourknocks monument. The Delvin passes Garristown, from which the Garristown Stream joins, and flows northeast, forming much of the Dublin-Meath county boundary. It passes along the northern edge of the village of Naul, where there are cliffs of around 20 metres, a 5 metre natural fall, and a small private hydro-electric plant on an artificial cascade. The river near Naul is sometimes known as the Roche. Naul, Dublin The village sits on the crossroad of the R122 and R108 regional roads, the latter being the traditional route between Dublin and the port of Drogheda, while the R122 travels from Finglas in the south to Balbriggan. Naul, Dublin Naul is a parish in the Fingal North deanery of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin. There is a Catholic church in the village, named for the Nativity of Our Lady. The church was erected in 1821, as inscribed on the diamond-shaped limestone plaque on its front façade. Naul, Dublin The name is anglicised from the Irish An Aill meaning The Cliff as there is a substantial cliff on either side of the River Delvin just outside the village.	Naul is located in Ireland and the River Delvin passes through it.	closed_qa
How did the United States win the Cold War?	Culture during the Cold War The Freakonomics Radio podcast episode How the Supermarket Helped America Win the Cold War (Ep. 386) explores the impact that the supermarket had and has on American culture, including the depth of policy decisions by the US Government that impacted agriculture, as well as serving a propaganda weapon against the Soviet Union. Who's Gonna Win the War? Who's Gonna Win The War? is a 1980 song by the UK rock group Hawkwind. It was released as a single in the UK (BRO109) on 7 November 1980, being an edit of the version on the album Levitation. Cold War The Cold War continues to influence world affairs. The post-Cold War world is considered to be unipolar, with the United States the sole remaining superpower. The Cold War defined the political role of the United States after World War II—by 1989 the United States had military alliances with 50 countries, with 526,000 troops stationed abroad, with 326,000 in Europe (two-thirds of which were in West Germany) and 130,000 in Asia (mainly Japan and South Korea). The Cold War also marked the zenith of peacetime military–industrial complexes, especially in the United States, and large-scale military funding of science. These complexes, though their origins may be found as early as the 19th century, snowballed considerably during the Cold War. Cold War (TV series) Cold War is a twenty-four episode television documentary series about the Cold War that first aired in 1998. It features interviews and footage of the events that shaped the tense relationships between the Soviet Union and the United States. Culture during the Cold War The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, television, and other media, as well as sports, social beliefs, and behavior. Major elements of the Cold War included the presumed threat of a nuclear war, annihilation, and espionage. Many works use the Cold War as a backdrop or directly take part in a fictional conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The period 1953–62 saw Cold War themes becoming mainstream as a public preoccupation. For the historical context in the US, see United States in the 1950s. Bibliography of the Cold War This is an English language bibliography of scholarly books and articles on the Cold War. Because of the extent of the Cold War (in terms of time and scope), the conflict is well documented. Cold war (term) Since the US–USSR Cold War (1947–1991), a number of global and regional tensions have also been called a cold war. Historiography of the Cold War The seminal work of this approach was John Lewis Gaddis's The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941–1947 (1972). The account was immediately hailed as the beginning of a new school of thought on the Cold War claiming to synthesize a variety of interpretations. Gaddis then maintained that neither side can bear sole responsibility for the onset of the Cold War. However, he emphasized the constraints imposed on United States policymakers by the complications of domestic politics. In addition, Gaddis has criticized some revisionist scholars, particularly Williams, for failing to understand the role of Soviet policy in the origins of the Cold War. Gaddis's 1983 distillation of post-revisionist scholarship became a major channel for guiding subsequent Cold War research. An almost immediate move to challenge Gaddis' framework came from Melvyn P. Leffler, who demonstrated that it was not so much the actions of the Kremlin as it was fears about socioeconomic dislocation, revolutionary nationalism, British weakness, and Eurasian vacuums of power that triggered US initiatives to mold an international system to comport with its concept of security. That provoked strong rebuttals from Gaddis and his followers, but Leffler deemed their objections inaccurate and unsubstantiated. However, Leffler himself still falls within the overall post-revisionist camp. Effects of the Cold War The Cold War has continued to influence global politics after its end. The dissolution of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War and led to world that is widely considered as uni polar, with the United States being the sole remaining hyperpower, but many other rising powers hold great influence in the world and are certainly superpowers. The Cold War defined the political role of the United States after World War II. By 1989, the United States had military alliances with 50 countries and 1.5 million troops posted abroad in 117 countries, which institutionalized a global commitment to a huge permanent peacetime military-industrial complex and the large-scale military funding of science. In addition, the US led to the permanent creation of Peacetime Defense and the armaments industry, which was referred to in the farewell address of President Dwight Eisenhower. Cold War Conflicts Cold War Conflicts has received mixed reviews according to reviews aggregator Metacritic, garnering a score of 55/100.	A number of factors contributed to the United States defeating the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the Cold War and becoming the world's most powerful state. A common view is that the U.S. won the Cold War because its capitalist economic system, characterized by free markets and the recognition of private property rights, was able to outperform the USSR's centrally-planned economy. The United States could therefore afford to spend more on its military than the USSR and won the nuclear arms race, which contributed to the internal collapse of the Soviet economy and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union into smaller, individual states with democratic elections. Additionally, though the USSR and the United States never officially engaged in direct military conflict with one another during the Cold War, various factions supported by the United States and its Western allies were able to successfully defeat Soviet-backed factions in proxy wars that took place all across the globe (with the notable exception of Vietnam). These defeats gradually limited the USSR's ability to project its power on the world stage, and helped the United States build and strengthen key alliances, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Finally, the United States carried out effective intelligence, counter-intelligence, disinformation and propaganda campaigns that undermined the faith the USSR's population had in its government and buttressed support for the U.S. government's efforts domestically. By 1991, the Soviet Union had fallen and the U.S. had achieved global hegemony.	open_qa
Why Ramadan's date change every year?	Ramadan Because the Hilāl, or crescent moon, typically occurs approximately one day after the new moon, Muslims can usually estimate the beginning of Ramadan; however, many prefer to confirm the opening of Ramadan by direct visual observation of the crescent. Qamar al-Din Another theory holds that apricot season coincided with the sighting of the new moon marking the beginning of Ramadan in the year when qamar al-din was invented. A similar theory, widespread in Egypt, traces the name's origin to a Caliph who was known to celebrate with qamar al-din upon seeing the crescent moon during Ramadan. Ramadan (calendar month) Many Muslims insist on the local physical sighting of the moon to mark the beginning of Ramadan, but others use the calculated time of the new moon or the Saudi Arabian declaration to determine the start of the month. Since the new moon is not in the same state at the same time globally, the beginning and ending dates of Ramadan depend on what lunar sightings are received in each respective location. As a result, Ramadan dates vary in different countries, but usually only by a day. This is due to the cycle of the moon. The moon travels the same path all year round and when the moon is seen in the east, it is then seen traveling towards the west. All the countries around the world see the moon within a 24-hour period once spotted by one country in the east. Astronomical projections that approximate the start of Ramadan are available. Leila Mourad Leila Mourad made a few brief reappearances during Ramadan in 1970, when she was scheduled to read Salah Jaheen's Fawazeer Ramadan (Ramadan' puzzles), a daily traditional radio program held during the Holy month of Ramadan. Ramadan Ramadan ( ; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community. A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation, the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next. Understanding Islam (TV program) Some of the topics discussed in the first Ramadan season were as follows: The Beginning of Ramadan, [Fasting] Sawm and its Rules and Regulations, Terms and Worships of the Holy Month, Rewards for Fasting, The Month of Extra Work, How To Avail Ramadan, Fasting of the Heart and Soul, Ramadan and the Holy Quran, Morals While Fasting, Charity in Ramadan, The Feeling of Ramadan, Ramadan and Children, Losing Fast and Rewards, Taraweeh and Qiyam, The Month of Patience, Generosity, The Last Ten Days, Laylat Al-Qadr, Etikaaf, Worshipers of Ramadan, Goodbye Ramadan, Zakaat Al-Fitr And Eid Al-Fitr Festival. Hani Ramadan Hani Ramadan is a Swiss imam originally from Egypt. He is a grandson of Muslim Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna, a son of Said Ramadan and the brother of scholar Tariq Ramadan. Ramadan (calendar month) The Islamic calendar is a lunar one: months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Consequently, the Islamic year is 10 to 11 days shorter than the solar year and contains no intercalation, Ramadan migrates throughout the seasons. The Islamic day starts after sunset. The estimated start and end dates for Ramadan, based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia, are: Said Ramadan Said Ramadan was the father of Hani Ramadan and Tariq Ramadan. On 9 August 1995 Ramadan was interred next to his father-in-law Hassan al-Banna. The Said Ramadan Peace Prize is named in his honour. Ramadan Offensive (2006) The Ramadan Offensive refers to the attacks mounted by insurgents in Iraq during the holy Muslim month of Ramadan in 2006, three years after the original Ramadan Offensive.	Ramadan is a month in the Muslim hijri calendar. It's the month were Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. The hijri calendar is a lunar calendar and therefore it shifts back 10-12 days every calendar year. Muslims confirm the first day of the month after they observe the new moon. And it ends as they observe the new moon for the month of Shawwal.	summarization
Give me a list of the top MLB home run leaders of all time.	The Notorious B.I.G. Editors of About.com ranked him at No. 3 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007). In 2012, The Source ranked him No. 3 on their list of the Top 50 Lyrical Leaders of all time. Rolling Stone has referred to him as the greatest rapper that ever lived. In 2015, Billboard named Wallace as the greatest rapper of all time. Midwest League Top MLB Prospect Award Sixteen outfielders have won the Top MLB Prospect Award, the most of any position. Shortstops, with 13 winners, have won the most among infielders, followed by third basemen (4), first basemen (3), and second basemen (1). Twelve pitchers and five catchers have also won the award. Biblia komputerowego gracza Each chapter also contains a list of the top ten games of all time of the genre, as judged by the authors. For example, the list of top ten shooter games is as follows: Commando, Defender, River Raid, Green Beret, Ghosts 'n Goblins, Super Zaxxon, Maggotmania (a clone of Centipede), Tapper, Gyruss and . International League Top MLB Prospect Award Seventeen players who have won the Top MLB Prospect Award also won the International League Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) in the same season: Don Buford (1963), Joe Foy (1965), Mike Epstein (1966), Merv Rettenmund (1968), Luis Alvarado (1969), Roger Freed (1970), Jim Rice (1974), Mike Vail (1975), Rich Dauer (1976), Scott Bradley (1984), Dan Pasqua (1985), Randy Milligan (1987), J. T. Snow (1992), Chris Colabello (2013), Steven Souza Jr. (2014), Rhys Hoskins (2017), and Joey Meneses (2018). The only player to win the Top MLB Prospect Award and then later win the MVP Award is Ben Gamel, who was the 2015 Rookie of the Year and 2016 MVP. Of the nine pitchers who have won Top MLB Prospect, five also won the league's Pitcher of the Year Award (formerly the Most Valuable Pitcher Award) in the same season: Bob Trice (1953), Jason Isringhausen (1995), Brian Rose (1997), Brandon Duckworth (2001), and Julio Teherán (2011). Bill Rumler In 1917, Rumler re-joined the St. Louis Browns. It was his first, and only full MLB season. On April 20, Rumler drove in the winnings runs in the top of the ninth inning during a game against the Cleveland Indians. Through July 3, Rumler had the third-highest batting average in the American League, behind Earl Hamilton, and Babe Ruth. In July, Rumler stated that he was considering joining the United States military so he could fight in World War I. He hit his first, and only MLB home run on September 21, against New York Yankees pitcher George Mogridge. His final game came on September 27. With St. Louis that year, he batted .261 with seven runs scored, 23 hits, three doubles, four triples, one home run, 16 RBIs, and two stolen bases in 78 games played. During the season, Rumler registered 71 pinch-hit at-bats, which was an MLB record at the time. MLB Home Run Derby X Teams represented the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Boston Red Sox, the Chicago Cubs, and the New York Yankees. Teams included former MLB players, players from softball and women's baseball, rookies from the men's baseball development system, and influential content creators. Adrián González played for the Dodgers, Jonny Gomes for the Red Sox, Nick Swisher for the Yankees, and Geovany Soto for the Cubs. 2007 San Francisco Giants season Barry Bonds became the all-time home run leader at 8:51 pm PDT, on August 7, 2007, when he hit his 756th career home run off Mike Bascik and the Washington Nationals. His milestone home run was hit just to the right of center field at AT&T Park. A plaque commemorating his home run has since been placed on the wall near where his home run landed. 1999 Houston Astros season On April 21, Jeff Bagwell hit three home runs in a 10–3 win against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, his second career three-home run game. The second home run allowed him to surpass Jimmy Wynn as the Astros' all-time home run leader at 224 and he tied a career-high in one game with six runs batted in (RBI). He produced another three-home run game on June 9 against the Chicago White Sox. He was also a grand slam short of hitting for the home run cycle, with a solo home run, a three-run home run, and a two-run home run, respectively. The two three-home run games made him the only player to accomplish this feat at two different stadiums in Chicago in the same season. 2009 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby The 2009 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby (known through sponsorship as the State Farm Home Run Derby) was a home run hitting contest in Major League Baseball (MLB) between four batters each from the National League and American League. The derby was held on July 13, 2009, at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri, the host location of the 2009 MLB All-Star Game. ESPN (United States), Rogers Sportsnet (Canada), and ESPN America (Europe) telecast the event, while ESPN Radio broadcast on radio. Ferrari 250 In 2004, Sports Car International placed the 250 GTO eighth on a list of Top Sports Cars of the 1960s, and nominated it the top sports car of all time. Motor Trend Classic placed it first on a list of the Greatest Ferraris of all time.	Barry Bonds, Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, Albert Pujols, Alex Rodriguez, Willie Mays	brainstorming
Given the following paragraph about the Sanford Stadium of the University of Georgia, where does the name of the stadium originate from?	University of Georgia Built for $360,000 to replace the former Sanford Field in nearby Central Campus, Sanford Stadium was inaugurated on October 12, 1929, with a 15–0 victory over the Yale Bulldogs football team. Originally constructed to accommodate 30,000 fans, a double deck addition in 1967 added 19,000 more seats, and a 1981 addition to encircle the field added another 19,000 seats. After several more renovations, the stadium now holds more than 93,000 spectators, making it one of the largest collegiate stadiums in the country and the thirteenth largest stadium in the world. The stadium is named for Steadman Sanford, a former president of the university and chancellor of the University System of Georgia. Besides being the home of the Georgia Bulldogs football team, the stadium also serves as an event venue, the location of undergraduate graduation ceremonies, and was used for the medal competition of men's and women's Olympic football (soccer) at the 1996 Summer Olympics. University of Georgia Sanford Stadium is the on-campus playing venue for football at the University of Georgia in Athens. The 92,746-seat stadium is the seventh largest stadium in the National Collegiate Athletic Association and has a grass (versus synthetic) field. The stadium is the eighth largest non-racing stadium in the United States and the 14th largest such stadium in the world. The stadium played host to the Olympic medal competition of men's and women's Olympic football (soccer) at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Sanford Stadium Sanford Stadium is the on-campus playing venue for football at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, United States (also known as UGA). The 92,746-seat stadium is the tenth-largest stadium in the NCAA. Architecturally, the stadium is known for its numerous expansions over the years that have been carefully planned to fit with the existing look of the stadium. The view of Georgia's campus and rolling hills from the open west end zone has led many to refer to Sanford Stadium as college football's most beautiful on-campus stadium, while the surrounding pageantry has made it noteworthy as one of college football's best, loudest, and most intimidating atmospheres. Games played there are said to be played between the hedges due to the field being surrounded by privet hedges, which have been a part of the design of the stadium since it opened in 1929. The current hedges were planted in 1996 after the originals were taken out to accommodate the soccer tournaments for the 1996 Summer Olympics. Sanford Stadium The stadium is named for Dr. Steadman Vincent Sanford, an early major force behind UGA athletics. Sanford arrived at the University of Georgia as an English instructor in 1903. He later became the faculty representative to the athletics committee and would eventually become of the University and Chancellor of the entire University System of Georgia. In 1911, he moved the university's football venue from its first location, Herty Field, to a location at the center of campus which was named Sanford Field in his honor. Sanford Stadium In 1981, the east endzone was enclosed at a cost of $11.5 million, turning the stadium into a horseshoe and eliminating the free view enjoyed by the Track People. This addition added 19,000 seats, bringing total stadium capacity to 82,122. The first game in the newly expanded stadium was on September 5, 1981, against Tennessee, with Georgia delivering a 44–0 drubbing. Sanford Field Sanford Field was an on-campus playing venue for football and baseball at the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia. It was built with wooden stands in 1911 and was named after Steadman V. Sanford. As a venue for football, it was replaced in 1929 by Sanford Stadium, which was built nearby. Sanford Stadium The stadium was completed on time, and UGA convinced perennial powerhouse Yale, which has historically maintained close ties with UGA, to be their first opponent in the new stadium. (This also was Yale's first ever football game played in the South.) On October 12, 1929, a capacity crowd of over 30,000 paid $3 per ticket to watch the Bulldogs, under coach Harry Mehre, beat Yale 15–0 in Sanford Stadium's dedication game. The crowd was at the time the largest to witness a college football game in the South, and governors from all nine southern states also were in attendance. Yale donated its half of the game receipts to UGA to help pay off the construction loans, which would subsequently be completely repaid in just five years. Dr. Sanford also was at this game, and attended many Georgia games at the stadium named in his honor until his death on September 15, 1945. Sanford Stadium On September 21, 2019, Sanford Stadium would set an attendance record of 93,246 in the Bulldogs victory against #7 Notre Dame. Aluminum bleachers were added to raise the capacity of the stadium by 500 due to the agreement between both UGA and the University of Notre Dame to allocate 8,000 visitor tickets for each game in the home and away series. Sanford Stadium The stadium is the 9th largest stadium in the United States and the 17th-largest such stadium in the world. Unlike most stadiums that have artificial playing surfaces, Sanford Stadium from the outset had, and continues to have, a natural grass surface, planted with Tifton 419 Bermuda Grass. Kinnick Stadium Nile Kinnick Stadium is a stadium located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the home stadium of the University of Iowa Hawkeyes football team. First opened in 1929 as Iowa Stadium to replace Iowa Field, it currently holds up to 69,250 people, making it the 7th largest stadium in the Big Ten, and one of the 20 largest university owned stadiums in the nation. Primarily used for college football, the stadium is named for Nile Kinnick, the Iowa player who won the 1939 Heisman Trophy and died in service during World War II. Kinnick Stadium is the only college football stadium named after a Heisman Trophy winner.	The Sanford Stadium of the University of Georgia is named after Steadman Sanford who was both a former president and chancellor of the University of Georgia.	closed_qa
What is fair market value	Fair market value Fair market value generally means the highest price, expressed in dollars, that a property would bring in an open and unrestricted market between a willing buyer and a willing seller who are both knowledgeable, informed, and prudent, and who are acting independently of each other. Fair market value Fair market value is not explicitly defined in the Income Tax Act. That said, Mr. Justice Cattanach in Henderson Estate, Bank of New York v. M.N.R., (1973) C.T.C. 636 at p. 644 articulates the concept as follows: Hornung v. Commissioner The fair market value of the Corvette was $3,331.04. Hornung sold the vehicle and reported this sale on his 1962 Federal income tax return. However, he did not include the fair market value of the car in his tax return for 1962 or any other year. Ad valorem tax Generally, starting from January 1 of each year, the tax assessment used to determine ad valorem taxes is calculated. Ad valorem tax as a percentage of the value of the assessed property, usually the fair market value of the property. Fair market price refers to the estimated selling price of the property. It is assumed that both willing buyers and sellers have the willingness to trade, and both parties have a reasonable understanding of all relevant facts about the property, and both parties are not obliged to complete the transaction. Fair market value can be seen as just a reasonable price. Fair market value The fair market value of property is the price at which it would change hands between a willing and informed buyer and seller. The term is used throughout the Internal Revenue Code, as well as in bankruptcy laws, in many state laws, and by several regulatory bodies. Ad valorem tax The estimated value of a property usually refers to the annual determination of the fair market value. Fair market value is generally defined as the price that willing buyers are willing to pay and the price of property that willing sellers are willing to accept, and neither price is forced to buy or sell. Rental value Fair Market Rent in the US context is the amount of money that a given property would command, if it were open for leasing at the moment. Fair market value The fair market value is the price at which property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or to sell and both having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts. United States v. Cartwright, 411 U. S. 546, 93 S. Ct. 1713, 1716-17, 36 L. Ed. 2d 528, 73-1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) ¶ 12,926 (1973) (quoting from U.S. Treasury regulations relating to Federal estate taxes, at 26 C.F.R. sec. 20.2031-1(b)). Fair market value The statute does not define the expression fair market value, but the expression has been defined in many different ways depending generally on the subject matter which the person seeking to define it had in mind. I do not think it necessary to attempt an exact definition of the expression as used in the statute other than to say that the words must be construed in accordance with the common understanding of them. That common understanding I take to mean the highest price an asset might reasonably be expected to bring if sold by the owner in the normal method applicable to the asset in question in the ordinary course of business in a market not exposed to any undue stresses and composed of willing buyers and sellers dealing at arm's length and under no compulsion to buy or sell. I would add that the foregoing understanding as I have expressed it in a general way includes what I conceive to be the essential element which is an open and unrestricted market in which the price is hammered out between willing and informed buyers and sellers on the anvil of supply and demand. These definitions are equally applicable to fair market value and market value and it is doubtful if the word fair adds anything to the words market value. Property tax in the United States Tax assessors for taxing jurisdictions determine property values in a variety of ways, but are generally required to base such determinations on fair market value. Fair market value is that price for a willing and informed seller would sell the property to a willing and informed buyer, neither being under any compulsion to act. Where a property has recently been sold between unrelated sellers, such sale establishes fair market value. In other (i.e., most) cases, the value must be estimated. Common estimation techniques include the comparable sales method, the depreciated cost method, and an income method approach. Property owners may also declare a value, which is subject to change by the tax assessor.	Fair market value (FMV) is the price that property would sell for on the open market. It is the price that would be agreed on between a buyer and a seller, both are reasonably knowledgeable about the asset, are behaving in their own best interests.	open_qa
Which of these are electronic and which are found in nature: a laptop, a tree, Pixel phone, a calculator, an Apple Watch, a bee, and a volcano.	Apple Watch Apple Watch is a line of smartwatches produced by Apple Inc. It incorporates fitness tracking, health-oriented capabilities, and wireless telecommunication, and integrates with iOS and other Apple products and services. The Apple Watch was released in April 2015, and quickly became the best-selling wearable device: 4.2 million were sold in the second quarter of fiscal 2015, and more than 100 million people were estimated to use an Apple Watch as of December 2020. Apple has introduced a new generation of the Apple Watch with improved internal components each September—each labeled by Apple as a 'Series', with certain exceptions. Waterminder An Apple Watch version of the app was released in 2015. WaterMinder was one of the first apps made available on the Apple App Store for the Apple Watch. Apple Watch During a September 2014 press event where the iPhone 6 was also presented, the new watch product was introduced by Tim Cook. After a video focusing on the design process, Cook reappeared on stage wearing an Apple Watch. Apple Watch Series 3 features LTE cellular connectivity for the first time in an Apple Watch, enabling users to make phone calls, iMessage and stream Apple Music and Podcasts directly on the watch, independent of an iPhone. The LTE model contains an eSIM and shares the same mobile number as the user's iPhone. Everex green computer The gBook is a webbook, a laptop with a 15.4 WXGA+ Widescreen Display (1440 x 900) and a 1.5 GHz VIA C7-M Processor. It comes loaded with gOS Linux. Warflying Warflying or warstorming is an activity consisting of using an airplane and a Wi-Fi-equipped computer, such as a laptop or a PDA, to detect Wi-Fi wireless networks. Warstorming shares similarities to Wardriving and Warwalking in all aspects except for the method of transport. Gaming computer Upgradeability is another category many PC gamers consider when deciding between a laptop and a desktop. As Freedman states, you can't build a laptop on your own, as the usable space inside a laptop is much more limited compared to a desktop. There are also less items that can be changed out on a laptop than a desktop, like RAM and storage, compared to a desktop where almost all the components, including motherboards and CPUs, can be swapped out with the latest technology available at the time. The only exception is pre-built desktops, which can use proprietary motherboards that aren't standard sizes. These uniquely shaped motherboards can limit the owner's capability to upgrade components in the future, but they can still generally change out the RAM, GPU and... CPU. Laptop orchestra Each PLOrk “instrument” consists of a laptop, a multi-channel hemispherical speaker, and a variety of “control” devices (keyboards, graphics tablets, sensors). The members of this ensemble act as performers, researchers, composers, and software developers. Apple Watch The Apple Watch is capable of receiving notifications, messages, and phone calls via a paired iPhone. Glances allowed users to swipe between pages containing widget-like displays of information; however, this feature was replaced by a new Control Center. watchOS also supports Handoff to send content from Apple Watch to an iOS or macOS device, and act as a viewfinder for an iPhone camera, Siri is also available for voice commands, and is capable of responding with voice prompts on the Series 3 watches. Apple Watch also supports Apple Pay, and enables its use with older iPhone models that do not contain near-field communication (NFC) support. History of watches In early 2004, Microsoft released the SPOT smartwatch. The company demonstrated it working with coffee makers, weather stations and clocks with SPOT technology. The smartwatch had information like weather, news, stocks, and sports scores transmitted through FM waves. Customers had to buy a subscription to use it. Sony Ericsson launched the Sony Ericsson LiveView, a wearable watch device which is an external BT display for an Android Smartphone. Pebble was an innovative smartwatch that raised 10.3 million dollars on Kickstarter between April 12 and May 18. This watch had a 32 millimeter 144x168 pixel black and white memory LCD manufactured by Sharp with a backlight, a vibrating motor, a magnetometer, an ambient light sensor, and a three-axis accelerometer. It can communicate with an Android or iOS device using both BT 2.1 and BT 4.0 using Stonestreet One's Bluetopia+MFI software stack. As of July 2013 companies that were making smartwatches or were involved in smartwatch developments are: Acer, Apple, BlackBerry, Foxconn, Google, LG, Microsoft, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sony, VESAG and Toshiba. Some notable ones from this list are HP, HTC, Lenovo and Nokia. Many smartwatches were released at CES 2014. The model featured a curved AMOLED display and a built-in 3G modem. On September 9, 2014, Apple Inc. announced its first smartwatch named the Apple Watch and released early 2015. Microsoft released Microsoft Band, a smart fitness tracker and their first watch since SPOT in early 2004. Top watches at CES 2017 were the Garmin Fenix 5 and the Casio WSD F20. Apple Watch Series 3 had built-in LTE allowing phone calls and messaging and data without a nearby phone connection. During a September 2018 keynote, Apple introduced an Apple Watch Series 4. It had a larger display and an EKG feature to detect abnormal heart function. Qualcomm released their Snapdragon 3100 chip the same month. It is a successor to the Wear 2100 with power efficiency and a separate low power core that can run basic watch functions as well as slightly more advanced functions such as step tracking.	The electronic items are a a laptop, Pixel phone, a calculator, and an Apple Watch. The items found in nature are a tree, a bee, and a volcano.	classification
What are four universities in the state of Florida?	KXTR-LP Tarleton State University is one of four universities in the state of Texas to own and operate two radio stations, the other institutions being the University of Texas at Austin, Texas Tech University, and the University of Houston. Education in Pennsylvania There are dozens of notable private liberal arts colleges and universities located throughout Pennsylvania, as well as many publicly supported community colleges and universities. The state provides funding to (1) the Commonwealth System of Higher Education, consisting of four universities; (2) the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, consisting of 14 universities; and (3) 14 community colleges. Florida Keys Keynoter In 2006 and 2007, Florida Monthly magazine named the Keynoter the best weekly newspaper in the state of Florida. Florida Department of Management Services MyFloridaMarketPlace (MFMP) is the State of Florida's award-winning e-Procurement system. The system, launched in 2013, is a source for centralized procurement activities, streamlining interactions between vendors and state government entities, and providing tools to support innovative procurement for the State of Florida. University, Florida University, Florida, may refer to either of two census-designated places in the state of Florida, United States: Albert and Alberta Gator Albert Einstein Gator and Alberta Gator are the official mascots of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Costumed in plush, Albert and Alberta are Florida representations of American alligators, which are commonly found throughout the state of Florida. He was named after Albert Einstein. Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants Scholarships are coordinated with Florida Colleges and Universities, including the following state universities: Florida–Florida State baseball rivalry The Florida–Florida State baseball rivalry, occasionally called the Sunshine Showdown, is an American college baseball rivalry between the teams of the two oldest public universities of the U.S. state of Florida: the University of Florida Gators and Florida State University Seminoles. Both universities participate in a range of intercollegiate sports, and for the last several years, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services has sponsored a Sunshine Showdown promotion that tallies the total number of wins for each school in head to head sports competition. Florida State University Florida State University is one of the two original state-designated preeminent universities in Florida. Tallahassee, Florida Tallahassee ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2020, the population was 196,169, making it the 8th-largest city in the U.S state of Florida, and the 126th-largest city in the United States. The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 385,145 . Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Big Bend and Florida Panhandle region, and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions.	Four universities in the state of Florida are the University of Florida, University of Tampa, University of South Florida, and Florida State University.	open_qa
Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on which date?	George II of Great Britain George II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 11/22 October 1727. George Frideric Handel was commissioned to write four new anthems for the coronation, including Zadok the Priest. Dege & Skinner During the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, Dege & Skinner dressed the Peers of the Realm at Westminster Abbey. Osborne Peasgood Osborne Harold Peasgood CVO (5 March 1902 – 25 January 1962) was an organist at Westminster Abbey who played at a number of state occasions in the Abbey, including the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Coronations in Europe Westminster Abbey has long been England's coronation church since 1066. From William the Conqueror through to Queen Elizabeth II, all except two monarchs have been crowned in the Abbey. St Clement (hymn tune) The hymn was used in the State Funeral of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Monday, 19th September, 2022, in Westminster Abbey. Queen Elizabeth II Centre The Queen Elizabeth II Centre is a conference facility located in the City of Westminster, London, close to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Central Hall Westminster and Parliament Square. The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II The portrait was restored by the Westminster Abbey restoration team and is now on permanent display in the newly opened Diamond Jubilee Gallery in the Triforium of the Abbey. Hughie O'Donoghue In 2013, he designed a stained glass window for Westminster Abbey to mark the 60th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Colliers Wood The twelfth-century ruins of Merton Priory were considered by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport as a possible British candidate for World Heritage status. Henry VI was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey in 1429, and king of France at Notre-Dame de Paris in 1431. He was reported to have been crowned at Merton Priory in 1437, but this was more of a 'crown-wearing' ceremony than a coronation. Similarly Queen Elizabeth II wears the Imperial State Crown at the State Opening of Parliament every year. The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II (, oil on canvas) was painted by Ralph Heimans in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. While the sitting took place in Buckingham Palace, the Queen is portrayed in Westminster Abbey, standing at the centre of the Cosmati pavement where she had been crowned 60 years previously. The mosaic pavement, referred to by Shakespeare as the floor of heaven, is rich in symbolism and was created to evoke the eternal pattern of the universe. It has been an integral part of the coronation ceremony since Henry III of England and is where every English monarch has been crowned for the last 900 years.	June 2,1953	open_qa
Which dog is the hero of the 1925 serum rum to Nome, Alaska?	Seward Park (Manhattan) Seward Park also holds one of the few statues in the U.S. dedicated to Togo, the sled dog who led the most treacherous route of the 1925 serum run to Nome, Alaska. Nenana, Alaska Nenana was the starting point for the 1925 serum run to Nome, after diphtheria antitoxin had been transported by rail from Anchorage. It was carried by dog sled to Nome to treat people in an epidemic. 1925 serum run to Nome The 1925 serum run to Nome, also known as the Great Race of Mercy and The Serum Run, was a transport of diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled relay across the U.S. territory of Alaska by 20 mushers and about 150 sled dogs across in days, saving the small town of Nome and the surrounding communities from a developing epidemic of diphtheria. Nome, Alaska In the winter of 1925, a diphtheria epidemic raged among Alaska Natives in the Nome area. Fierce territory-wide blizzard conditions prevented the delivery of a life-saving diphtheria antitoxin serum by airplane from Anchorage. A relay of dog sled teams was organized to deliver the serum. Today, the Iditarod Dog Sled Race follows the same route they took and ends in Nome. 1925 serum run to Nome Nome, Alaska, lies approximately two degrees south of the Arctic Circle, and while greatly diminished from its peak of 20,000 inhabitants during the gold rush at the turn of the 20th century, it was still the largest town in northern Alaska in 1925, with 455 Alaska Natives and 975 settlers of European descent. Sled dog In 1925, a massive diphtheria outbreak crippled Nome, Alaska. There was no serum in Nome to treat the people infected by the disease. There was serum in Nenana, but the town was more than away, and inaccessible except by dog sled. A dog sled relay was set up by the villages between Nenana and Nome, and 20 teams worked together to relay the serum to Nome. The serum reached Nome in six days. Nome, Alaska In 1925, Nome was the destination of the famous Great Race of Mercy, in which dog sleds played a large part in transporting diphtheria antitoxin serum through harsh conditions. In 1973, Nome became the ending point of the 1,049+ mi (1,600+ km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. The latter part of its route was used in the serum run. Balto Balto (1919 – March 14, 1933) was a Siberian Husky and sled dog belonging to musher and breeder Leonhard Seppala. He achieved fame when he reportedly led a team of sled dogs driven by Gunnar Kaasen on the final leg of the 1925 serum run to Nome, in which diphtheria antitoxin was transported from Anchorage, Alaska, to Nenana, Alaska, by train and then to Nome by dog sled to combat an outbreak of the disease. Nome, Alaska The sled driver of the final leg of the relay was the Norwegian-born Gunnar Kaasen; his lead sled dog was Balto. A statue of Balto by F.G. Roth stands near the Central Park Zoo in Central Park, New York City. Leonhard Seppala ran the penultimate, and longest, leg of the 1925 serum run to Nome. One of his dogs, Togo, is considered the forgotten hero of the Great Race of Mercy; another of his dogs, Fritz, is preserved and on display at the Carrie M. McLain Memorial Museum in Nome. 1925 serum run to Nome From November to July, the port on the southern shore of the Seward Peninsula of the Bering Sea was icebound and inaccessible by steamship. The only link to the rest of the world during the winter was the Iditarod Trail, which ran from the port of Seward in the south, across several mountain ranges and the vast Alaska Interior, to the town of Nome. In Alaska and other subarctic regions, the primary source of mail and needed supplies in 1925 was the dog sled; however, within a decade, bush pilots would become the dominant method of transportation during the winter months.	While Balto is the most popular and well-known dog of the serum run, also called the Great Race of Mercy, it was actually another dog named Togo whose team covered the most miles on the dangerous trail. Balto was the lead dog of Gunnar Kaasen's dog sled team, who covered the last 55 miles of the race relay. Togo, the lead dog of Leonhard Seppala's team, covered the previous 261 miles of their relay segment which was in much harsher and dangerous territory. Balto has received much more attention and glory for his participation.	open_qa
Tell me whether the following animals are reptiles or amphibians: salamander, alligator, caiman, snake, toad.	Nera Gorge-Beușnița National Park Species of reptiles, amphibians and frogs: common adder (Vipera berus), green lizard (Lacerta viridis), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca), fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), alpine newt (Triturus alpestris), common toad (Bufo bufo) or yellow-bellied toad (Bombina veriegata). Buila-Vânturarița National Park Reptiles, amphibians and frogs: green lizard (Lacerta viridis), common European adder (Vipera berus), smooth snake (Coronella austriaca), fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), alpine newt (Triturus alpestris), common toad (Bufo bufo), yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) or common frog (Rana temporaria). Montmorency River There are two species of reptiles: common garter snake and red-bellied snake. In addition, there are eight species of amphibians: American toad, wood frog, green frog, spring peeper, red-backed salamander, dusky salamander, northern two-lined salamander, and eastern newt. Bavispe Flora and Fauna Protection Area Reptiles and amphibians include the desert box turtle (Terrapene ornata), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), mountain spiny lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii), western narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea), and Tarahumara salamander (Ambystoma rosaceum rosaceum). Herpetology Herp is a vernacular term for non-avian reptiles and amphibians. It is derived from the old term herpetile, with roots back to Linnaeus's classification of animals, in which he grouped reptiles and amphibians together in the same class. There are over 6700 species of amphibians and over 9000 species of reptiles. In spite of its modern taxonomic irrelevance, the term has persisted, particularly in the names of herpetology, the scientific study of non-avian reptiles and amphibians, and herpetoculture, the captive care and breeding of reptiles and amphibians. Zoo La Garenne Reptiles and amphibians: European pond turtle, common toad, Alpine newt, black salamander and common frog. GPATCH2L In reptiles, GPATCH2L homologs in crocodile, turtle, snake, lizard, gecko were found by using NCBI Blast, while there were no homologs in skink, chameleon,and iguana. In amphibians, GPATCH2L homologs in frog, toad, and salamander were found by using NCBI Blast, while other types of amphibians, such as caecilian, microsauria, and labyrinthodontia, do not contain GPATCH2L gene. Fauna of Italy Endemic amphibians and reptiles include the spectacled salamander, the Sardinian cave salamander, the Italian cave salamander, the Monte Albo cave salamander, the Sardinian brook newt, the Italian newt, the Italian frog, the Apennine yellow-bellied toad, the Sicilian green toad, the Aeolian wall lizard, the Sicilian wall lizard, the Italian Aesculapian snake, and the Sicilian pond turtle (Emys trinacris). Rivers State Mammals, reptiles and amphibians are also found in the park. The common mammals are mona monkeys and pygmy hippopotamuses. Among the reptiles and amphibians are snakes and crocodiles, turtles, frogs, lizards, and skinks. South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert Endemic species of reptiles and amphibians include Blanford's short-toed gecko (Cyrtopodion brevipes), the Jaz murian bent-toed gecko (Mediodactylus sagittifer), the Iranian worm snake (Xerotyphlops wilsoni), and the Bungarus persicus, a venomous snake of the Elapidae family.	Salamanders and toads are amphibians. Alligators, caimans, and snakes are reptiles.	classification
What is renal compensation?	Renal compensation Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Respiratory compensation Respiratory compensation is the modulation by the brainstem respiratory centers, which involves altering alveolar ventilation to try and bring the plasma pH back to its normal value (7.4) in order to keep the acid-base balance in the body. It usually occurs within minutes to hours and is much faster than renal compensation (takes several days), but has less ability to restore normal values. Renal physiology Two organ systems, the kidneys and lungs, maintain acid-base homeostasis, which is the maintenance of pH around a relatively stable value. The lungs contribute to acid-base homeostasis by regulating carbon dioxide (CO) concentration. The kidneys have two very important roles in maintaining the acid-base balance: to reabsorb and regenerate bicarbonate from urine, and to excrete hydrogen ions and fixed acids (anions of acids) into urine. Bicarbonate buffer system As calculated by the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, in order to maintain a normal pH of 7.4 in the blood (whereby the pK of carbonic acid is 6.1 at physiological temperature), a 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid must constantly be maintained; this homeostasis is mainly mediated by pH sensors in the medulla oblongata of the brain and probably in the kidneys, linked via negative feedback loops to effectors in the respiratory and renal systems. In the blood of most animals, the bicarbonate buffer system is coupled to the lungs via respiratory compensation, the process by which the rate and/or depth of breathing changes to compensate for changes in the blood concentration of CO. By Le Chatelier's principle, the release of CO from the lungs pushes the reaction above to the left, causing carbonic anhydrase to form CO until all excess protons are removed. Bicarbonate concentration is also further regulated by renal compensation, the process by which the kidneys regulate the concentration of bicarbonate ions by secreting H ions into the urine while, at the same time, reabsorbing HCO ions into the blood plasma, or vice versa, depending on whether the plasma pH is falling or rising, respectively. OXGR1 GPR99 also appears to be involved in the adaptive regulation of bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) secretion and salt (NaCl) reabsorption in the mouse kidneys undergoing acid-base stress: the kidneys of GPR99 gene knockout mice did not respond to alpha-Ketoglutaric acid by upregulating bicarbonate/NaCl exchange and exhibited a reduced ability to maintain acid-base balance. Renal compensation In respiratory acidosis, the kidney produces and excretes ammonium (NH) and monophosphate, generating bicarbonate in the process while clearing acid. Metabolic alkalosis Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis, less effective than respiratory compensation, consists of increased excretion of HCO (bicarbonate), as the filtered load of HCO exceeds the ability of the renal tubule to reabsorb it. Homeostasis In acid–base homeostasis there are two mechanisms that can help regulate the pH. Respiratory compensation a mechanism of the respiratory center, adjusts the partial pressure of carbon dioxide by changing the rate and depth of breathing, to bring the pH back to normal. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide also determines the concentration of carbonic acid, and the bicarbonate buffer system can also come into play. Renal compensation can help the bicarbonate buffer system. Respiratory compensation The respiratory brainstem centers can only compensate for metabolic acid-base disturbances (metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis). Renal compensation is needed to balance respiratory acid-base syndromes (respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis). The kidneys can compensate for both, respiratory and metabolic acid-base imbalances. Respiratory acidosis In renal compensation, plasma bicarbonate rises 3.5 mEq/L for each increase of 10 mm Hg in PaCO. The expected change in serum bicarbonate concentration in respiratory acidosis can be estimated as follows:	Renal compensation is the mechanism that the kidneys use to regulate plasma pH. It is a slower process than respiratory compensation, but increases the body's ability to restore normal values.	information_extraction
Is data security an illusion?	Crypto AG Crypto AG was a Swiss company specialising in communications and information security founded by Boris Hagelin in 1952. The company was secretly purchased for US $5.75 million and jointly owned by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) from 1970 until about 1993, with the CIA continuing as sole owner until about 2018. The mission of breaking encrypted communication using a secretly owned company was known as Operation Rubikon. With headquarters in Steinhausen, the company was a long-established manufacturer of encryption machines and a wide variety of cipher devices. National Intelligence Agency (Thailand) News reports appearing in early 2020 indicate that Thailand was a customer of Crypto AG, a Swiss company secretly owned by the US CIA and West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) that manufactured compromised encryption machines. Use of the devices may have allowed its coded messages to be deciphered. Operation Rubicon Operation Rubicon (German: Operation Rubikon), until the late 1980s called Operation Thesaurus, was a secret operation by the West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), lasting from 1970 to 1993 and 2018, respectively, to gather communication intelligence of encrypted government communications of other countries. This was accomplished through the sale of manipulated encryption technology (CX-52) from Swiss-based Crypto AG, which was secretly owned and influenced by the two services from 1970 onwards. In a comprehensive CIA historical account of the operation leaked in early 2020, it was referred to as the intelligence coup of the century in a Washington Post article. Central Intelligence Agency For decades until 2018, the CIA secretly owned Crypto AG, a small Swiss company that made encryption devices, in association with West German intelligence. The company sold compromised encryption devices to over 120 countries, allowing Western intelligence to eavesdrop on communications that the users believed to be secure. Crypto AG In June 1970, the company was bought in secret by the CIA and the West-German intelligence service, BND, for $5.75 million. This was effectively the start of Operation Rubikon. Hagelin had first been approached to sell to a partnership between the French and West-German intelligence services in 1967, but Hagelin contacted CIA and the Americans did not cooperate with the French. At this point, the company had 400 employees and the revenue increased from 100,000 Swiss franc in the 1950s to 14 million Swiss franc in the 1970s. Federal Intelligence Service In 1970 the CIA and the BND bought the Swiss informations and communication security firm Crypto AG, for $5.75 million. Already in 1967 the BND tried, together with the French intelligence service, to buy the company from its founder Robert Hagelin. This deal though fell through due to Hagelin, who was already cooperating with the CIA, refusing. The CIA at the time did not cooperate with the French. In 1969, after negotiations with the US, the BND approached Hagelin anew and bought the company together with the US intelligence service. Crypto AG produced and sold radio, Ethernet, STM, GSM, phone and fax encryption systems worldwide. Its clients included Iran, Libya, military juntas in Latin America, nuclear rivals India and Pakistan, and even the Vatican. The BND and the CIA rigged the company's devices so they could easily decipher the codes that countries used to send encrypted messages. Frank Garbely Another outstanding scandal that Garbely worked on was the one which later became known as Operation Rubicon by the West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). A CIA historical account called it the intelligence coup of the century. It was accomplished through the sale of manipulated encryption technology from Swiss-based Crypto AG, which was secretly owned by BND and CIA since 1970. Garbely started researching the subject at the beginning of 1993 when Hans Bühler, a Swiss sales engineer working for Crypto AG, was released from detention in Iran after almost one year. Though he could not deliver compulsory evidence, Rundschau aired his reportage in early 1994. When the CIA account leaked in 2020, the tabloid 20 Minuten – the daily newspaper with the largest circulation in Switzerland – portrayed Garbely under the headline:«This man made CIA and BND tremble»In 1997, Garbely left Rundschau after almost a decade. In a biographical interview from 2018 he appreciated that TV journalism offered better legal protection against being sued and thus greater freedom of expression. However, he disagreed with a changing work culture that followed the example of TV networks in the US. Garbely claims that research on the ground decreased, whereas reportages were increasingly designed at the desktop and illustrated accordingly. Subsequently, he started working freelance for the TV programme Mise au point (Focus) of the French-language public broadcaster Télévision Suisse Romande (TSR). Crypto AG The company has been criticised for selling backdoored products to benefit the American, British and German national signals intelligence agencies, the National Security Agency (NSA), the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and the BND, respectively. On 11 February 2020, The Washington Post, ZDF and SRF revealed that Crypto AG was secretly owned by the CIA in a highly classified partnership with West German intelligence, and the spy agencies could easily break the codes used to send encrypted messages. The operation was known first by the code name Thesaurus and later Rubicon. According to a Swiss parliamentary investigation, Swiss intelligence service were aware of and benefited from the Zug-based firm Crypto AG’s involvement in the US-led spying. Operation Rubicon According to ZDF, the contract for the operation was signed on the German side by the then head of the Federal Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Tasks Horst Ehmke. In this respect, it can be assumed that the Federal Chancellery, as the superior authority, was informed about the operation. When the BND and CIA began operations in 1970, the two intelligence agencies each became half owners of Crypto AG. Within Operation Rubikon, Crypto AG was given the code name Minerva. The ownership structure was concealed. They bought Crypto AG because Boris Hagelin retired and they had no confidence in Hagelin's son Boris Jr. The latter was sales manager for North and South America. He died in a car accident the same year. His father had the cause of the accident investigated and did not believe it was an accident. Crypto AG profited externally from Swiss neutrality and the image of the country's integrity. Through encryption technology sold as secure, but in reality manipulated, messages transmitted could be read by the CIA, NSA and BND intelligence agencies involved. Operation Rubicon The actual exposure of Operation Rubicon happened in February 2020 through the joint research of Swiss Radio and Television, ZDF and Washington Post. They evaluated a 280-page intelligence dossier that proved that the BND and CIA were comprehensively behind Crypto AG. The dossier proves that Crypto AG sold manipulated encryption devices to about 130 countries as part of Operation Rubikon. The communication encrypted with the devices could be read by the services without any problems. According to Austrian intelligence expert Siegfried Beer, such devices were also in use in Austria.	The long answer is yes.	summarization
When was the Wold Bison Jump in active use?	Wold Bison Jump The site was used during the 1300s to 1600s by Native Americans to kill bison by stampeding them over a cliff. The site is relatively attractive for that purpose because the cliff is not visible to the bison from afar, and the routes by which the bison must be channeled are relatively efficiently managed. Wold Bison Jump The Wold Bison Jump is an archeological site in Johnson County, Wyoming, United States. An area at the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Jameson Site The Jameson Site in Johnson County, Wyoming is an archeological site which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. Plains bison The Plains bison (Bison bison bison) is one of two subspecies/ecotypes of the American bison, the other being the wood bison (B. b. athabascae). A natural population of Plains bison survives in Yellowstone National Park (the Yellowstone Park bison herd consisting of an estimated 4,800 bison) and multiple smaller reintroduced herds of bison in many places in the United States as well as southern portions of the Canadian Prairies. Bonfire Shelter Bison hunting was performed as bison jumps which involved stampeding a herd of bison over a cliff, and then butchering the dead animals. In the shelter, there are two distinct zones of bison bones. Each zone represents several bison jumps over relatively little time, perhaps no more than 50–100 years, but the two zones occurred nearly 7500 years apart. The earlier bones are dated to Paleo-Indian period hunts, while the later occurred in around 500 BC. The site was originally investigated by legendary Texas archaeologist David S. Dibble. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump The buffalo jump was used for 5,500 years by the indigenous peoples of the plains to kill bison by driving them off the 11 metre (36 foot) high cliff. Before the late introduction of horses, the Blackfoot drove the bison from a grazing area in the Porcupine Hills about west of the site to the drive lanes, lined by hundreds of cairns, by dressing up as coyotes and wolves. These specialized buffalo runners were young men trained in animal behavior to guide the bison into the drive lanes. Then, at full gallop, the bison would fall from the weight of the herd pressing behind them, breaking their legs and rendering them immobile. The cliff itself is about 300 metres (1000 feet) long, and at its highest point drops 10 metres (33 ft) into the valley below. The site was in use at least 6,000 years ago, and the bone deposits are 12 metres (39 feet) deep. After falling off the cliff, the injured bison were finished off by other Blackfoot warriors at the cliff base armed with spears and clubs. The carcasses were then processed at a nearby camp. The camp at the foot of the cliffs provided the people with everything they needed to process a bison carcass, including fresh water. The bison carcass was used for a variety of purposes, from tools made from the bone, to the hide used to make dwellings and clothing. The importance of the site goes beyond just providing food and supplies. After a successful hunt, the wealth of food allowed the people to enjoy leisure time and pursue artistic and spiritual interests. This increased the cultural complexity of the society. Hudson-Meng Bison Kill The Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed site, officially named the Hudson-Meng Education and Research Center, is a fossil site located in the Oglala National Grassland of Sioux County, Nebraska 20 miles northwest of Crawford. It contains the 10,000-year-old remains of up to 600 bison. Ruby site The Ruby site is a Late Archaic Native American archaeological game kill site located in Wyoming. It is located on a dry tributary of the Powder River. The Ruby site is a corral that was used to herd bison. The bison were forced to stampede by the hunters and then ran into the enclosure which was in a low-lying area. This made it impossible for the bison to stop in time, thus proving to be an effective method of capture. The people that used the Ruby site were experts at handling stampeding animals. Wyoming Basin shrub steppe Mammals in this ecoregion include elk (Cervus canadensis), white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus), coyote (Canis latrans), swift fox (Vulpes velox), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), bison (Bison bison bison) and black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). Conservation of American bison The conservation of bison in North America is an ongoing, diverse effort to bring American bison (Bison bison) back from the brink of extinction. Plains bison, a subspecies (Bison bison bison), are a keystone species in the North American Great Plains. Bison are a species of conservation concern in part because they suffered a severe population bottleneck at the end of the 19th century. The near decimation of the species during the 1800s unraveled fundamental ties between bison, grassland ecosystems, and indigenous peoples’ cultures and livelihoods. English speakers used the word buffalo for this animal when they arrived. Bison was used as the scientific term to distinguish them from the true buffalo. Buffalo is commonly used as it continues to hold cultural significance, particularly for Indigenous people. Recovery began in the late 1800s with a handful of individuals independently saving the last surviving bison. Dedicated restoration efforts in the 1900s bolstered bison numbers though they still exist in mostly small and isolated populations. Expansion of the understanding of bison ecology and management is ongoing. The contemporary widespread, collaborative effort includes attention to heritage genetics and minimal cattle introgression.	The Wold Bison Jump was estimated to be active from 1300s to 1600s.	information_extraction
What are the Great Lakes?	Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is , slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Depending on how it is measured, by surface area, either Lake Superior or Lake Michigan-Huron is the second-largest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America or the Laurentian Great Lakes, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes. National Wildlife Federation The Great Lakes Natural Resource Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan focuses on global warming, Great Lakes restoration, Great Lakes water resources, Great Lakes water quality, Certified Wildlife Habitats, and wolves. It leads the Healing Our Waters Great Lakes Coalition in the Healthy Lakes, Healthy Lives campaign. It focuses on the eight states in the Great Lakes region. Lake Superior Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh water. The northern and westernmost of the Great Lakes of North America, it straddles the Canada–United States border with the province of Ontario to the north and east, and the states of Minnesota to the northwest and Wisconsin and Michigan to the south. It drains into Lake Huron via St. Marys River, then through the lower Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean. Great Lakes region The Great Lakes region of North America is a binational Canadian–American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin along with the Canadian province of Ontario. Quebec is at times included as part of the region because, although it is not in a Great Lake watershed, it encompasses most of the St. Lawrence River watershed, part of a continuous hydrologic system that includes the Great Lakes. The region centers on the Great Lakes and forms a distinctive historical, economic, and cultural identity. A portion of the region also encompasses the Great Lakes Megalopolis. Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada, whose direct surface runoff and watersheds form a large drainage basin that feeds into the lakes. It is generally considered to also include a small area around and beyond Wolfe Island, Ontario, at the east end of Lake Ontario, which does not directly drain into the Great Lakes, but into the Saint Lawrence River. Cisco (fish) Eight taxa of cisco have been recognized in the Laurentian Great Lakes and other interior lakes of the once-glaciated North America. Little League World Series (Great Lakes Region) The Great Lakes Region has a unique definition that does not correspond with the normally understood definition of the Great Lakes area, even when the context is restricted to the U.S. Although eight U.S. states (and the Canadian province of Ontario) border on the Great Lakes, only four of them are in Little League's Great Lakes Region: Great Lakes As the surfaces of Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie are all approximately the same elevation above sea level, while Lake Ontario is significantly lower, and because the Niagara Escarpment precludes all natural navigation, the four upper lakes are commonly called the upper great lakes. This designation is not universal. Those living on the shore of Lake Superior often refer to all the other lakes as the lower lakes, because they are farther south. Sailors of bulk freighters transferring cargoes from Lake Superior and northern Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to ports on Lake Erie or Ontario commonly refer to the latter as the lower lakes and Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior as the upper lakes. This corresponds to thinking of lakes Erie and Ontario as down south and the others as up north. Vessels sailing north on Lake Michigan are considered upbound even though they are sailing toward its effluent current. Great Lakes Waterway The Great Lakes Waterway (GLW) is a system of natural channels and artificial canals which enable navigation between the North American Great Lakes. Though all of the lakes are naturally connected as a chain, water travel between the lakes was impeded for centuries by obstacles such as Niagara Falls and the rapids of the St. Marys River.	The Great Lakes are comprised of five lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.	closed_qa
Who was the quarterback for the Denver Broncos when they won their first Super Bowl and what was his number?	1998 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos become the third team in the last 9 years to repeat as Super Bowl champions, along with the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys. John Elway was voted Super Bowl MVP. History of the Denver Broncos The history of the Denver Broncos American football club began when the team was chartered a member of the American Football League in 1960. The Broncos have played in the city of Denver, Colorado throughout their entire history. The Broncos did not win any titles as members of the AFL. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the Broncos have won 15 division titles, and played in eight Super Bowls, following the 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, and 2015 seasons. They won Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl 50. Their most famous player is former quarterback John Elway, starting quarterback in five Super Bowls and holder of many NFL records. The Broncos currently play in the National Football League's AFC West division. Russell Okung Okung started in only 8 games due to injury in 2013, but the Seahawks finished the season 13-3. In the playoffs, the Seahawks beat both the New Orleans Saints and San Francisco 49ers to reach Super Bowl XLVIII. The Seahawks won the Super Bowl 43-8 after they beat the Denver Broncos to give Okung his first Super Bowl ring. Charlie Lee (football coach) During Lee’s 18-year career with the Denver Broncos, the Broncos won seven AFC West titles, five AFC Championships, and two Super Bowls. 1998 Denver Broncos season After 16 seasons, John Elway retired following the Super Bowl. He finished his Broncos career with 51,475 yards passing and 300 touchdowns. Until Peyton Manning won in Super Bowl 50, Elway stood as the only Broncos quarterback to win a Super Bowl. However, Elway even played a large role in that victory as the general manager and president of football operations for the Broncos. Clarence Vaughn Vaughn was drafted in the eighth round (219th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. In his first NFL start against the St. Louis Cardinals, he had 13 solo tackles. Later that year, in a post-season game against the Minnesota Vikings, Vaughn made a critical play where he sacked Vikings quarterback Wade Wilson. They then went on to win Super Bowl XXII against the Denver Broncos. He won his second Super Bowl in 1992 against the Buffalo Bills, Super Bowl XXVI. Vaughn was the first NIU player to play in a Super Bowl, and is still the only NIU player to win two Super Bowls. Atari Bigby Bigby won his first Super Bowl when the Packers defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV. Bigby was the first player to emerge from the tunnel when the Packers were introduced. Evan Mathis On August 25, 2015, Mathis agreed to a one-year, $2.5 million contract with the Denver Broncos. On February 7, 2016, Mathis won his first career Super Bowl when the Broncos beat the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50. Bernard Jackson (defensive back) After five years with the Bengals, Jackson was traded to the Denver Broncos in March 1977, and that season the Broncos won the AFC title and advanced to Super Bowl XII. Jackson started the game, but the Broncos lost to the Dallas Cowboys 27–10. Tyrone Braxton Tyrone Scott Braxton (born December 17, 1964) is a former American football safety who played for the Denver Broncos for most of his career from 1987 to 1999. Braxton played in four Super Bowls with the Broncos, and won 2 NFL championship rings in Super Bowl XXXII and Super Bowl XXXIII. Braxton also played one season with the Miami Dolphins in 1994 and was a one time Pro Bowler in 1996, a season in which he led the National Football League in interceptions with nine.	His name was John Elway and he wore #7	open_qa
How can I initiate conversation with a stranger?	To a Stranger To a Stranger is the debut studio album by Australian musician Odette, released on 6 July 2018. The album peaked at number 13 on the ARIA Charts. A Conversation A Conversation is a play by the Australian author David Williamson. It was the second in his Jack Manning trilogy of plays about conferencing. Georg Simmel A stranger is far enough away that he is unknown but close enough that it is possible to get to know him. In a society there must be a stranger. If everyone is known then there is no person that is able to bring something new to everybody. Stranger A stranger is commonly defined as someone who is unknown to another. Since individuals tend to have a comparatively small circle of family, friends, acquaintances, and other people known to them—a few hundred or a few thousand people out of the billions of people in the world—the vast majority of people are strangers to one another. It may also more figuratively refer to a person for whom a concept is unknown, such as describing a contentious subject as no stranger to controversy, or an unsanitary person as a stranger to hygiene. A stranger is typically represented as an outsider, and a source of ambivalence, as they may be a friend, an enemy, or both. The word stranger derives from the Middle French word estrangier, meaning a foreigner or alien. Conversation with a Devil Conversation with a Devil is the eleventh album released by rapper Andre Nickatina. It was released on April 22, 2003 for Fillmoe Coleman Records and was produced by Andre Nickatina, Nick Peace, Krushadelic and Smoov-E. Packaged with the album was a movie also entitled Conversation with a Devil. Conversation with a Devil peaked at #3 on the Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart and was named one of the top coke rap albums ever by Rhapsody (online music service). How to Swim (2018 film) In the last few days of her pregnancy, a terrified mother-to-be tricks a stranger into spending time with her. Talking to a Stranger (song) Australian pub rockers Hunters & Collectors released Talking to a Stranger on 12 July 1982 ahead of their debut studio album, Hunters & Collectors which appeared in July. Stranger A stranger is a person who is unknown to another person or group. Because of this unknown status, a stranger may be perceived as a threat until their identity and character can be ascertained. Different classes of strangers have been identified for social science purposes, and the tendency for strangers and foreigners to overlap has been examined. Dear enemy effect Territorial Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) presented with a two-way choice sniffed both castoreum and anal gland secretion from a stranger longer than from a neighbour. Furthermore, beavers responded aggressively—standing on the mound on their hind feet, pawing, overmarking, or a combination of these—longer to castoreum, but not to anal gland secretion, from a stranger than from a neighbour. When the mounds containing the scents were allowed to remain overnight and the beavers' responses measured the following morning, the beavers' responses were stronger to both castoreum and anal gland secretion from a stranger than from a neighbour. Ain't Nobody a Stranger to Me Ain't Nobody a Stranger to Me is a 2007 picture book by Ann Grifalconi and illustrator Jerry Pinkney about an old man telling his granddaughter of he and his young family's journey to freedom with assistance from the Underground Railroad.	First impression is one thing which leaves an everlasting impact on people we meet. So, meeting and greeting everyone with a smile is the key to leave that pleasant effect. Next, talking about general topics based on where you are meeting interests the person to talk to you. Make sure to ask open ended questions so that the person have the opportunity to speak a bit more. Listening is the key to have a good conversation. During initial general conversation, try to find common interests to take the conversation forward. Make sure to show interest in the person you are speaking to. Body postures also is an important part of being a pro at conversation striker. Positive gestures and body postures makes one take interest in what you are speaking and also, make anyone feel you are interested in listening and making friends. Finally, practice makes a man perfect. If you are a beginner, try setting goal for yourself. For example, determine yourself to talk to at least three strangers in a week and try increasing the goal and one day you would be able to initiate a conversation effortlessly.	general_qa
Given this paragraph about Siedlce, tell me how many people live there and how far away from Warsaw it is.	Siedlce Siedlce [] ( ) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,354 inhabitants (). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city is situated between two small rivers, the Muchawka and the Helenka, and lies along the European route E30, around east of Warsaw. It is the fourth largest city of the Voivodeship, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Siedlce. Siedlce is a local educational, cultural and business center. Pruszyn, Siedlce County Pruszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlce, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Siedlce and east of Warsaw. Siedlce Voivodeship Siedlce Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Masovian Voivodeship and Lublin Voivodeship. Its capital city was Siedlce. Siedlce (parliamentary constituency) Siedlce is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Masovian Voivodeship. It elects twelve members of the Sejm. Gmina Siedlce Gmina Siedlce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Siedlce, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. Teodorów, Siedlce County Teodorów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skórzec, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Skórzec, south-west of Siedlce, and east of Warsaw. Siedlce County Siedlce County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Siedlce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Siedlce County is Mordy, which lies east of Siedlce. Siedlce, Łódź Voivodeship Siedlce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziejowice, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south of Sędziejowice, south-west of Łask, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. Krynki, Masovian Voivodeship Krynki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Paprotnia, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Paprotnia, north-east of Siedlce, and east of Warsaw. Laskowice, Masovian Voivodeship Laskowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korczew, within Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Korczew, north-east of Siedlce, and east of Warsaw.	Siedlce is 90 kilometers east of Warsaw and has a population of 77,354 people.	closed_qa
How can I tell the neighbors kids to quiet down without being perceived as a grouchy old man?	Who's the Man? (song) Who's the Man? is a single by rap group, House of Pain. It was released in 1993 and was featured on the soundtrack of the motion picture, Who's the Man?, in which the group appeared. The song was produced by members DJ Lethal and Everlast and rose to number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 77 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. It later appeared on the group's sophomore effort Same as It Ever Was. The chorus contains a sample of Who's the Man? (With the Master Plan) by The Kay-Gees. Who Was the Man? Who Was the Man? is a 1921 American short silent Western film directed by Lee Kohlmar, released by Universal Film Mfg. Co. and featuring Hoot Gibson. Computer supported brainstorming The perceived effectiveness of computer brainstorming software is mediated by the ease of use of the technology. In comparing the results of several studies, researchers found that when software was perceived to be difficult to use, students preferred to collaborate face-to-face using a whiteboard. When software was perceived as being easy to use, students preferred the online environment. Who Is the Man? Who Is The Man? (1924) is a British silent film drama directed by Walter Summers. The film was based on the successful French play Daniel by Louis Verneuil and is notable as the first screen appearance of John Gielgud. Brainstorming In other words, brainstorming is a situation where a group of people meet to generate new ideas and solutions around a specific domain of interest by removing inhibitions. People are able to think more freely and they suggest as many spontaneous new ideas as possible. All the ideas are noted down without criticism and after the brainstorming session the ideas are evaluated. Old Man (film) When a lost hiker stumbles upon an erratic old man living in the woods, he could never have imagined the nightmare that awaits. Old Man Murray A major theme in Old Man Murray criticism was the accusation that many new games failed to add any original ideas to the medium. Gabe Newell, CEO of Valve, cited the opinion of Old Man Murray as a factor when designing the popular and iconoclastic Half-Life. Wolpaw and Faliszek would even become writers for Half-Life 2 episodes and other Valve games. Old Man Murray often took aim at the conventions embedded within game genres. What Kind of Man Are You? FINAL NOMINATION for spot titled “Are you man enough?” where a young woman questions what it really is to be a man. Wise old man The wise old man (also called senex, sage or sophos) is an archetype as described by Carl Jung, as well as a classic literary figure, and may be seen as a stock character. The wise old man can be a profound philosopher distinguished for wisdom and sound judgment. Lynne Lamberg She received the 1999 National Alliance on Mental Illness Outstanding Media Award, for What Are You Going to Do With a 41-Year-Old Man?	There isn't a way that you can not come off as a grouchy old man by telling kids to quiet down.	brainstorming
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Maram, Phin	Phin pia The phin pia is a chest-resonated stick zither with two to five strings. It is considered the national instrument of Northern Thailand. The one string version (equivalent to the Cambodian Kse diev) is the phin namtao. Bladder fiddle On percussion instruments, the drum has been turned sideways on the instrument and the string runs across it like the sound-table on a spike lute. The string has been dropped in some cases, the bow stick becoming a drumstick and the instrument now a percussion instrument, called a boomba, stamp fiddle, stumpf fiddle, or pogo cello. Also called Devil's stick, Devil's violin, boom bass, hum strum, teufel stick or stomp stick. In the percussion instrument, the string may still have limited use as a chordophone, if it has been set up with a tuning peg to tighten the string; if used in this manner, the instrument is bowed with a notched stick, producing rough sounds. In some modern instruments, the string has been replaced by a long spring, solely a percussion instrument, and in other instruments the string has been dropped altogether. The Polish (Devil's fiddle) often has no string, but includes the memory of the instrument's past, by placing a violin-shaped piece of wood on the instrument. Kingri (string instrument) Kingri is a chordophone Indian bowed string instrument (string spike fiddle), similar to Rabab and Ravanastron. It has a resonator box of unglazed pottery, through which a stick is passed to function as the neck. Maram (drum) The maram is a membranophone percussion instrument from South India. It consists in a wood cylinder with two skin heads on each side, which are tensioned with skin laces, resembling a rustic mridangam. It is played with hands with the drum in a horizontal position and used in folk and temple music. Maram signifies 'trees' in South Indian languages. Rattle (percussion beater) A rattle is a percussion beater that is attached to or enclosed by a percussion instrument so that motion of the instrument will cause the rattle to strike the instrument and create musical sound. Adolf-Reichwein-Gymnasium There are many music rooms with string, percussion, woodwind and brass instruments, as well as pianos and keyboards. Additionally, pupils have to study music theory. Every student that plays an instrument like the piano, recorder or flute can join the school's Highschool Band. String instrument String instrument design was refined during the Renaissance and into the Baroque period (1600–1750) of musical history. Violins and guitars became more consistent in design and were roughly similar to acoustic guitars of the 2000s. The violins of the Renaissance featured intricate woodwork and stringing, while more elaborate bass instruments such as the bandora were produced alongside quill-plucked citterns, and Spanish body guitars. Pitched percussion instrument A pitched percussion instrument (also known as a melodic or tuned percussion instrument) is a percussion instrument used to produce musical notes of one or more pitches, as opposed to an unpitched percussion instrument which is used to produce sounds of indefinite pitch. String instrument String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Gubguba The gubguba, also known as gabgubagub, guba, gopijantro, gubgubbi, ananda lahari, premtal, khamak, khomok, chonka, jamidika, jamuku and bapang is an Indian percussion string instrument.	Phin is string, Maram is percussion.	classification
Creative ways to call in sick at work	Decadent Action Its manifesto was first published in The Idler magazine and then Stewart Home's Mind Invaders: A Reader in Psychic Warfare, Cultural Sabotage And Semiotic Terrorism (1997). The group was notable for organising the first Phone-in Sick Day, which saw thousands of British Airways and Irish Garda call in sick to work. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Women in the workforce A 2008 study published in the British Medical Journal found that women were 46% more likely to call in sick for short time periods than men and a third more likely than men to take short term sick leave. At 60 days or more, men and women were equal in terms of sick leave. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Brainstorming During the period when Osborn made his concept, he started writing on creative thinking, and the first notable book where he mentioned the term brainstorming was How to Think Up (1942). Brainstorming A guided brainstorming session is time set aside to brainstorm either individually or as a collective group about a particular subject under the constraints of perspective and time. This type of brainstorming removes all cause for conflict and constrains conversations while stimulating critical and creative thinking in an engaging, balanced environment. Wellbeing at Work conference It is not to be confused with the Health and Wellbeing at Work Conference, which is a purely commercial event, held only in UK, Brainstorming software Brainstorming software is computer software that is used for the development of creative ideas—brainstorming. Some formats or structures for this include flow charts, idea maps, word association and generative idea creation programs. Ideation is often associated with brainstorming software. Some of the earliest brainstorming software programs included Paramind and programs using Markov chains called Markov text generators.	Here are a few ways to call in sick at work: - "Unfortunately, the salmon from last night did not sit well with me and I've been having severe stomach issues" - "I've been experiencing flu like symptoms and would need to take the day off to check for any Covid related infections" - "I need to visit the doctor urgently for a medical issue" - "I have a bad migraine and will not be able to join in any meetings today, I will still be available on email and chat, if needed"	brainstorming
What kind of car was The Zuk	FSC Żuk The Żuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Żuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About were manufactured. FSC Żuk The Żuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Żuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative. FSO Warszawa FSO Warszawa (from Polish: Warsaw) was an automobile manufactured in FSO factory in Warsaw, Poland between 1951–1973, based on GAZ-M20 Pobeda. GAZ-M20 Pobeda The car was a successful export for the USSR, and the design was licensed to the Polish FSO (Passenger Automobile Factory) factory in Warsaw, where it was built as the FSO Warszawa beginning in 1951, continuing until 1973. A few were reported to have been assembled in Pyongyang, North Korea, although their existence is disputed. GAZ-M20 Pobeda The GAZ-M20 Pobeda (; победа means victory) was a passenger car produced in the Soviet Union by GAZ from 1946 until 1958. It was also licensed to the Polish Passenger Automobile Factory and produced as the FSO Warszawa. Although usually known as the GAZ-M20, an original car's designation at that time was just M-20: M for Molotovets (the GAZ factory was named after Vyacheslav Molotov). FSO Warszawa The Warszawa was the basis for two rigid panel vans, the Żuk (made from 1958 to 1997) and the Nysa (made from 1958 to 1994). The gearbox, clutch, and chassis of the Warszawa were also used in the FSR Tarpan. These vehicles lead to the basic chassis of the Warszawa being produced until the 1990s. Additionally, there was a commercial variant of the saloon car. FSC A-30/40 Work on the successor of the Żuk and Nysa cars began in 1967. The new car was to be front - or four wheel drive, with a load capacity of 1400/1800 kg, depending on the version. The 30 series was powered by the Polski Fiat 125p engine, while the 40 series was powered by the S-21M engine (a modernized engine from the FSO Warszawa). There were planned versions: van, pickup truck, fire truck, minibus, specialist van, refrigerated truck, ambulance and off-road (4x4). The first three were to be produced in FSC Lublin, while the others in ZSD Nysa FSO Warszawa a prototype called the Warszawa 210 was built in 1964. It had a 6-cylinder engine and a more modern body reminiscent of then-current car trends in Europe, although it still had the old Pobeda-derived chassis. Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych The FSO plant was established in 1948 by the Communist Polish government in Żerań on Warsaw's eastern bank of the river Vistula, to produce automobiles for post World War II Poland. The first FSO car was the Warszawa which was essentially a Polish manufactured re-badge of the GAZ-M20 Pobeda, built under licence from the Soviets. FSO Warszawa The Warszawa was the first newly designed car built in Poland after the World War II. Warszawas were popular as taxis because of their sturdiness and ruggedness. However, they were underpowered for their weight and had high fuel consumption. In total, 254,471 cars were made.	The Zuk (pl. beetle) was a van and light truck produced in Lublin, Poland, between 1958 and 1998 by FSC. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Zuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured. The Zuk was mainly sold to state organizations, but also to individuals. After 1989, with the liberalization of the Polish economy, the Zuk was able to maintain sales to the traditional markets and expand the number sold to individual consumers. The final few years of production was in parallel to its successor, the Lublin van, as a cheaper alternative.	summarization
When was the big bang?	Ekpyrotic universe The theory addresses the fundamental question that remains unanswered by the Big Bang inflationary model, What happened before the Big Bang? The explanation, according to the ekpyrotic theory, is that the Big Bang was actually a big bounce, a transition from a previous epoch of contraction to the present epoch of expansion. The key events that shaped our universe occurred before the bounce, and, in a cyclic version, the universe bounces at regular intervals. Big Bang One of the common misconceptions about the Big Bang model is that it fully explains the origin of the universe. However, the Big Bang model does not describe how energy, time, and space were caused, but rather it describes the emergence of the present universe from an ultra-dense and high-temperature initial state. It is misleading to visualize the Big Bang by comparing its size to everyday objects. When the size of the universe at Big Bang is described, it refers to the size of the observable universe, and not the entire universe. Big Bang Comics A pen-and-paper role-playing game has also been released for Big Bang Comics (Pisces All Media, 2006). The Big Bang Comics RPG uses a streamlined version of the D20 system. Big Bang As a description of the origin of the universe, the Big Bang has significant bearing on religion and philosophy. As a result, it has become one of the liveliest areas in the discourse between science and religion. Some believe the Big Bang implies a creator, while others argue that Big Bang cosmology makes the notion of a creator superfluous. Cold Big Bang Cold Big Bang is a designation used in cosmology to denote an absolute zero temperature at the beginning of the Universe, instead of a (hot) Big Bang. Big Bang (book) Big Bang chronicles the history and development of the Big Bang model of the universe, from the ancient Greek scientists who first measured the distance to the sun to the 20th century detection of the cosmic radiation still echoing the dawn of time. The Best of Big Bang 2006–2014 The Best of Big Bang is the sixth greatest hits album by the South Korean boy band Big Bang. It was released on November 26, 2014 by YGEX. Big Bang nucleosynthesis The history of Big Bang nucleosynthesis began with the calculations of Ralph Alpher in the 1940s. Alpher published the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper that outlined the theory of light-element production in the early universe. Big Bang (video game) John Harrington reviewed Big Bang for Games International magazine, and gave it 3 stars out of 5, and stated that If I had to sum up Big Bang in just one sentence I would describe it as stimulating, educational but not addictive. Big Bang Comics Big Bang Comics is an American comic book anthology series, designed to be an homage to Golden Age and Silver Age comics. Most stories in Big Bang Comics take place either on Earth-A, during the 1960s, or on Earth-B during the 1940s, featuring characters such as Ultiman, Thunder Girl, and Dr. Weird.	13,8 billion years ago	open_qa
Classify each of the following as vertical or horizontal: balance beam, light pole, tree, barbell, floor, wall	Balance beam The balance beam is a rectangular artistic gymnastics apparatus and an event performed using the apparatus. Both the apparatus and the event are sometimes simply referred to as beam. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is BB. The beam is a small, thin beam which is typically raised from the floor on a leg or stand at both ends. The balance beam is only performed competitively by female gymnasts. Beams are usually covered with leather-like material and are only four inches wide. Vertical and horizontal evacuation Vertical and horizontal evacuation are strategies for providing safety to humans in case of tsunami, hurricane or other natural disaster. Vertical and horizontal When the curvature of the earth is taken into account, the concepts of vertical and horizontal take on yet another meaning. On the surface of a smoothly spherical, homogenous, non-rotating planet, the plumb bob picks out as vertical the radial direction. Strictly speaking, it is now no longer possible for vertical walls to be parallel: all verticals intersect. This fact has real practical applications in construction and civil engineering, e.g., the tops of the towers of a suspension bridge are further apart than at the bottom. Vertical and horizontal Conversely, a direction or plane is said to be horizontal if it is perpendicular to the vertical direction. Svetlana Grozdova Her best event was the balance beam. Despite not winning any Olympic medals in this event, she was a pro at wowing the crowds at USSR gymnastics exhibitions around the world with her tremendous flexibility and mesmerising balance on her hands. She had an unusually flexible, rubber-like spine which allowed her to perform walkovers along the 4 (10 cm) width of the balance beam, and to do a split handstand at the very end of the beam and touching the beam with her foot behind her head. Balance beam Balance beam difficulty began to increase dramatically in the 1970s. Olga Korbut and Nadia Comăneci pioneered advanced tumbling combinations and aerial skills on beam; other athletes and coaches began to follow suit. The change was also facilitated by the transition from wooden beams to safer, less slippery models with suede-covered surfaces. By the mid-1980s, top gymnasts routinely performed flight series and multiple aerial elements on beam. Balance beam Today, balance beam routines still consist of a mixture of acrobatic skills, dance elements, leaps and poses, but with significantly greater difficulty. It is also an individual medal competition in the Olympics. Pangi (Maroon) Pangi cloth is a cotton fabric with multi-colored vertical and horizontal stripes, similar to West African kente cloth. Artistic gymnastics The balance beam existed as early as the 1880s in the form of a low beam close to the floor. By the 1920s, the beam was raised much higher due to Swedish influence on the sport. Knitting Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced within a knitted fabric, e.g., for button holes, by binding/casting off and re-casting on again (horizontal) or by knitting the fabrics on either side of a vertical edge separately.	Balance Beam: Horizontal Light Pole: Vertical Tree: Vertical Barbell: Horizontal Floor: Horizontal Wall: Vertical	classification
why would someone run the Texas Independence Relay?	Texas Independence Trail The Texas Independence Trail, as the name would suggest, follows the locations of the historical events leading up to Texas Independence. Texas Independence Trail The Texas Independence Trail is a non-profit organization which promotes heritage tourism, economic development, and historic preservation. It is one of ten regions which make up the Texas Heritage Trails Program of the Texas Historical Commission. Texas Independence Day Texas Independence Day is the celebration of the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836. With this document signed by 59 delegates, settlers in Mexican Texas officially declared independence from Mexico and created the Republic of Texas. Ed Bosson Bosson with Relay Texas Committee (affiliated with TPUC) introduced many innovative features of Relay Texas that ultimately Relay Texas became the flagship of what telecommunications relay service ought to be. Independence, Texas Independence is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Texas, United States. Located twelve miles northeast of Brenham, it was founded in 1835 in Austin's colony of Anglo-Americans. It became a Baptist religious and educational center of the Republic of Texas. In 1845 it became the first site of Baylor University and the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Augusta, Georgia Augusta has been mentioned as the east terminus of an proposed expansion of Interstate 14 that would begin in Midland-Odessa, Texas and run through Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia with hopes of connecting major military installations along the highway corridor such as Fort Hood, Fort Benning, Fort Gordon, and Camp Beauregard. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming.	The Texas Independence Relay (TIR) is an annual runners' festival in Texas with a lot of fun! It is a 200 mile relay starting from Gonzales town center, the course passes Shiner, Flatonia, Schulenburg, Weimar, and Columbus, and ends in downtown Houston. The race commemorates the Runaway Scrape of Texas independence from Mexico, and Gonzales is the pioneer place of Texas Revolution. The race has 36 legs and requires at most 12 runners in a team. It usually happens end of Mar or the beginning of Apr, which is the blooming time in Texas for wildflowers like bluebonnets. Overcoming the tough course with a team of cheerful and energetic run mates and enjoying the scenery in the meantime can be a memorable experience. In fact, a lot of the TIR teams are veteran teams who participate every year. It’s like an addiction! The supportive, caring vibes from all the runners, and festival-like celebrations along the course are the major attractors to runners.	brainstorming
Given a reference text about the Pitt Street Mall, tell me how big it is and how many specialty stores it has.	Pitt Street Mall Pitt Street Mall is the pedestrianised section of Pitt Street in the Sydney central business district, in the Australian state of New South Wales. Running for approximately 200 metres between Market Street and King Street, it is one block long and one of Australia's busiest and most cosmopolitan shopping precincts. Floorspace rents are the highest in Australia, in part due to other cities' shopping precincts being longer. In 2015, its rents were the fifth-highest in the world in terms of city streets. Pitt Street Mall Despite its small size, Pitt Street Mall hosts many flagship chain stores and more than 400 specialty stores. It is one of the flagship venues of Sydney Fashion Week held in the month of May. Pitt Street Pitt Street is a one way (southbound only) from Circular Quay to Pitt Street Mall and (northbound only) from Pitt Street Mall to Goulburn Street, while Pitt Street Mall is for pedestrians only. It is dominated by retail and commercial office space. Pitt Street Pitt Street is a major street in the Sydney central business district in New South Wales, Australia. The street runs through the entire city centre from Circular Quay in the north to Waterloo, although today's street is in two disjointed sections after a substantial stretch of it was removed to make way for Sydney's Central railway station. Pitt Street is well known for the pedestrian only retail centre of Pitt Street Mall, a section of the street which runs from King Street to Market Street. Westfield Sydney Stage 1 of the development opened in October 2010 with approximately 130 specialty stores. The centre fronts Pitt Street Mall, one of the world's most expensive shopping streets by rent; Castlereagh Street, arguably Australia's most exclusive luxury shopping street; and Market Street. Sydney central business district The CBD runs along two ridge lines below Macquarie Street and York Streets. Between these ridges is Pitt Street, running close to the course of the original Tank Stream (now tunneled). Bridge Street took its name from the bridge running east–west that once crossed this stream. Pitt Street is the retail heart of the city which includes the Pitt Street Mall and the Sydney Tower. Macquarie Street is a historic precinct that houses such buildings as the State Parliament House and the Supreme Court of New South Wales. Pitt Street Mall Formerly a vehicular street, the mall was closed off to traffic in the 1990s and became a pedestrian mall. This was commonplace in various Australian cities at the time, in an effort to encourage walk-in business. Many prominent Australian businesses had flagship stores along Pitt Street, namely Sportsgirl and Angus & Robertson. In the mid 2000s, there were attempts to make the mall a completely pedestrian thoroughfare, diverting all vans and trucks to the underground corridor from King Street to Market Street, at the southern end of the mall. MidCity MidCity is a shopping centre in the Sydney central business district. It is located on Pitt Street Mall, adjacent to Westfield Sydney, The Strand Arcade and is diagonally opposite Glasshouse. MidCity has over 24 stores across Fashion, Beauty, Fitness and Lifestyle. Soul Pattinson Building The Soul Pattinson Building is a Victorian Italianate retail and office building located at 158–160 Pitt Street in the Sydney central business district, in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The Soul Pattinson Building is located between the Pitt Street Mall and Castlereagh Street, and opposite The Strand Arcade. Pitt Street Pitt Street was originally named Pitt Row, and is one of the earliest named streets in Sydney. Pitt Street is believed to have been named by Governor Arthur Phillip in honour of William Pitt the Younger, at the time, the Prime Minister of Great Britain. In 1853, Pitt Street was extended north from Hunter Street to Circular Quay.	The Pitt Street Mall is 200 meters long and has more than 400 specialty stores.	closed_qa
What are different types of optical illusions?	Optical illusion There are a variety of different types of optical illusions. Many are included in the following list. Geometrical-optical illusions Geometrical-optical illusions are visual illusions, also optical illusions, in which the geometrical properties of what is seen differ from those of the corresponding objects in the visual field. Optical illusion Optical illusions, as well as multi-sensory illusions involving visual perception, can also be used in the monitoring and rehabilitation of some psychological disorders, including phantom limb syndrome and schizophrenia. Optical illusion More recent empirical approaches to optical illusions have had some success in explaining optical phenomena with which theories based on lateral inhibition have struggled. Illusion optics Unlike optical illusions that utilize the misinterpretation of the human brain to create illusionary perception different from the physical measurement, illusion optics changes the optical response or properties of objects. Illusion optic devices make these changes happen. Although both these terms deal with illusions, Illusion optics deal with the refraction and reflection of light, whereas while optical illusions are basically mind tricks. Optics Optical illusions (also called visual illusions) are characterized by visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that differs from the object being imaged. Optical illusions can be the result of a variety of phenomena including physical effects that create images that are different from the objects that make them, the physiological effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation (e.g. brightness, tilt, colour, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye and brain make unconscious inferences. Illusion Illusions may occur with any of the human senses, but visual illusions (optical illusions) are the best-known and understood. The emphasis on visual illusions occurs because vision often dominates the other senses. For example, individuals watching a ventriloquist will perceive the voice is coming from the dummy since they are able to see the dummy mouth the words. Patternation There are three principal types of optical patternators: (a) those that use laser sheets, (b)those that use planar liquid laser induced fluorescence and (c) those that use laser extinction tomography. Joseph Jastrow Joseph Jastrow (January 30, 1863 – January 8, 1944) was a Polish-born American psychologist, noted for inventions in experimental psychology, design of experiments, and psychophysics. He also worked on the phenomena of optical illusions, and a number of well-known optical illusions (notably the Jastrow illusion) were either first reported in or popularized by his work. Jastrow believed that everyone had their own, often incorrect, preconceptions about psychology. One of his goals was to use the scientific method to identify truth from error, and educate the layperson, which he did through speaking tours, popular print media, and radio. Brengkes There are different types of brengkes, like brengkes pindang, brengkes peda, brengkes godhong sembukan, and brengkes godhong pohung.	There are three types of optical illusions: Physical, physiological and cognitive. Physical optical illusion occurs when the light bends or changes direction before it reaches human eye. When light travels through different mediums such as air , water or glass, its speed changes and change in speed causes the light to bend. This phenomenon is called refraction. Rainbow is an example of physical optical illusion caused by refraction. Physiological optical illusion occurs when a pattern repeats over and over again and it is too much information for the brain. This causes the brain to think the images are moving. Kinetoscope uses images to create a video using physiological optical illusion. Flip books are another example of physiological optical illusion. Cognitive optical illusion occurs when multiple people view the same image but they interpret it differently. Interpretation of the image depends of people's past experience and personalities.	general_qa
What are the top 10 suggestions for fillings in Mexican street tacos?	Mexican street food The taco is the best known and the most popular of Mexican street foods, and the first to be embraced north of the border into the United States. A taco simply is a folded tortilla with some kind of filling. Mexican street taco fillings vary from one region to another. Most tacos are made with corn tortillas, except in the very north of the country where wheat flour tortillas dominate. The tortillas used in Mexican tacos are soft, although the entire taco can be fried, which is called dorado (lit. golden). The taco has its origins in the pre-Hispanic period, when other foods were eaten with tortillas, used as a scoop. The modern taco developed in Mexico's rural areas when wives would bring their husbands' meals to the fields wrapped in tortillas. Tacos arrived to the city when stands began to sell foods known to the many rural people who migrated to them in the 20th century. This is especially true for Mexico City, which offers taco specialties from just about every region of the country. The taco bridges social and economic barriers in that everyone in the country eats them, leading it to be called the most democratic of Mexican foods. Mexican cuisine Tacos are the top-rated and most well-known street Mexican food. It is made up of meat or other fillings wrapped in a tortilla often served with cheese added. Vegetarian fillings include mushrooms, potatoes, rice, or beans. Mexican street food Mexican street food, called antojitos (literally little cravings), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in Mexico. Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles, fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups such as menudo, pozole and pancita. Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day. Street food Mexican street food is known as antojitos (translated as little cravings) and features several varieties of tacos, such as tacos al pastor, as well as huaraches and other maize based foods. Rasta Taco Melendez opened Rasta Taco's first brick and mortar restaurant in Laguna Beach, Orange County, California in 2016. The restaurant is located in the heart of downtown Laguna Beach, California (92651) and has a small beer and wine patio. It is the smallest restaurant in California coming in at 220 ft.2 and has a reggae-rasta- themed look serving authentic Mexican street tacos and a variety of Mexican craft and Jamaican beers. Mexican street food Not all Mexican street foods are based on breads. Street stalls and markets serve soups and broths such as menudo, pozole and pancita. Caldo de pollo is chicken soup. Priced by the piece of chicken included, it usually also contains rice and chickpeas, with condiments such as oregano, onions, salt, lime juice and chili peppers available. Taco stand A taco stand or taquería is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes. The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive. Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served. Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food. Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city. Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities. More typical taquerías specialize in tacos, as expected, but in some localities it can be used to refer to restaurants specializing in burritos, where tacos themselves are less of a point of emphasis. Tacos Gavilan Starting with its signature dish charcoal grill carne asada tacos and steamed tortillas, Tacos Gavilan has now expanded its menu to include more Mexican cuisine food, such as sopes, tortas, mulitas, and Mexican drinks more. Mexican street food The fillings for tacos vary widely and most taco vendors have a specialty, the most known are al pastor and bistek. There are also tacos for more adventurous people that are filled with beef eyes, brains or tongue. Taco vendors are usually distinguished from other street food vendors by having a large block of wood called a tronco, on which meat and other fillings are minced with a cleaver. Garnishes vary but usually include chopped onion, cilantro, various salsas, grilled green onions, and lime wedges. Many taco varieties are generally available only in the morning or afternoon. Tacos most often found in the morning hours include tacos de canasta and those with barbacoa or cabeza de res (lit. beef head). Tacos de canasta (basket tacos) are the only kind which are not prepared on the spot. They are tortillas with fillings such as potatoes, chorizo sausage, pork rind, beans and picadillo (a spiced ground meat), then steamed and wrapped to keep warm and carried in a basket. Barbacoa is pit-roasted meat. It is most commonly found in the center of the country, where the preferred meat is mutton. In the north of the country, there is a version made with beef. Cabeza de res are made from meat and other parts of a steer, most commonly found in Sonora, the Bajío region and Mexico City. Vendors of these kinds of tacos usually sell out and close by midday. In the afternoon, outside of Mexico City, tacos are generally not available until later in the day. In the late afternoon until well into the night (especially on weekends) other taco stalls open with a different selection. These are principally grilled, fried or steamed meat. One famous night taco in the Mexico City area is tacos al pastor (shepherd style tacos). They are an adaptation of Middle Eastern spit-cooked meat, introduced by Lebanese immigrants. However, the meat is pork and the seasoning is a mild chili pepper, onions and pineapple. Other taco varieties include tacos de guisado, or tacos de cazuela, which are filled with meat or vegetables in a sauce. Fritangas are tacos with fried meat such as sausage. Carnitas is pork cooked in lard flavored with orange rind. It was originally a specialty of Michoacán and Jalisco, but now can be found in most of the center of the country and in other parts of the country as well. The best-known grilled taco is carne asada (grilled meat) which originated in Sonora. It is beef grilled over charcoal, originally mesquite. These are served with grilled green onions and, depending on the region, served with flour or corn tortillas. Fish tacos are a speciality of Baja California and the Pacific coast. They have also become very popular in parts of the United States. Codzitos are small tacos popular in the Yucatán Peninsula, which are fastened with toothpicks and then fried . Flautas, also called taquitos or tacos dorados, are similar to tacos in that they are filled, but they are then rolled and fried. They are served topped with cream, salsa, and vegetables such as lettuce, tomatoes and onions. Carmelo's Tacos Carmelo's Tacos (sometimes Carmelos Tacos) is a Mexican restaurant with two locations in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington.	1. Steak (carne asada) 2. Chicken (pollo) 3. Beef Cheeks (cabeza) 4. Braised Beef (barbacoa) 5. Braised Pork (carnitas) 6. Pork Marinated with Pineapple (al pastor) 7. Shrimp (camaron) 8. Sausage (chorizo) 9. Fish (pescado) 10. Beans (frijoles)	brainstorming
Why do we have a threefold repetition rule in chess?	Threefold repetition In chess, the threefold repetition rule states that a player may claim a draw if the same position occurs three times during the game. The rule is also known as repetition of position and, in the USCF rules, as triple occurrence of position. Two positions are by definition the same if the same types of pieces occupy the same squares, the same player has the move, the remaining castling rights are the same and the possibility to capture en passant is the same. The repeated positions need not occur in succession. The reasoning behind the rule is that if the position occurs three times, no real progress is being made and the game could hypothetically continue indefinitely. Threefold repetition The game is not automatically drawn if a position occurs for the third time – one of the players, on their turn, must claim the draw with the arbiter. The claim must be made either before making the move which will produce the third repetition, or after the opponent has made a move producing a third repetition. By contrast, the fivefold repetition rule requires the arbiter to intervene and declare the game drawn if the same position occurs five times, needing no claim by the players. Tori shogi The rule for repetition (千日手 sennichite) in tori shogi is that if the same position occurs three times with the same player to play by repetition of moves, the player starting the sequence must vary the move. For two positions to be considered the same, the pieces in hand must be the same, as well as the position on the board. Threefold repetition As noted above, one of the players must claim a draw by threefold repetition for the rule to be applied, otherwise the game continues. In the fifth game of the 1921 World Chess Championship match in Havana between José Raúl Capablanca and Emanuel Lasker, the same position occurred three times, but no draw was claimed. After 34...h5 (see diagram), the moves were: Threefold repetition To detect fivefold repetitions can be challenging for the arbiter. In the game Akshat Khamparia vs Li Bo, Budapest 2018, Li twice requested a draw, saying simply repetition. Both times the request was rejected because it was not made correctly according to the threefold repetition rule. Li was later checkmated. Li discussed the result and eventually said five. The arbiter was able to verify fivefold repetition at moves 60, 62, 68, 73 and 75. Had the fivefold repetition rule not been in effect, the result would have stood, as no correct claim for threefold repetition had been made. Under the fivefold repetition rule, however, the fifth occurrence of a position immediately terminates the game, and subsequent moves become irrelevant. The result was therefore overturned, and the game was declared a draw. Draw (chess) In chess, there are a number of ways that a game can end in a draw, neither player winning. Draws are codified by various rules of chess including stalemate (when the player to move is not in check but has no legal move), threefold repetition (when the same position occurs three times with the same player to move), and the fifty-move rule (when the last fifty successive moves made by both players contain no or pawn move). Under the standard FIDE rules, a draw also occurs in a dead position (when no sequence of legal moves can lead to checkmate), most commonly when neither player has sufficient to checkmate the opponent. Yari shogi If the same position occurs three times with the same player to play, then the game is no contest. (Recall, however, the prohibition against perpetual check.) For two positions to be considered the same, the pieces in hand must be the same, as well as the position on the board. Okisaki shogi If the same position occurs four times with the same player to play, then the game is no contest. However, if this is the result of perpetual check, the checking player loses. For the position to be considered the same, both the board position and the pieces in hand must be identical. Threefold repetition In the twentieth game of the 1972 World Chess Championship between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky, Fischer called the Lothar Schmid to claim a draw because of threefold repetition. Spassky did not dispute it and signed the scoresheets before the arbiter ruled. After the draw had been agreed, it was pointed out that the position had occurred after White's forty-eighth (see diagram) and fiftieth moves, and again after Black's fifty-fourth move. So the claim was actually invalid because it was not the same player's turn to move in all three instances, but the draw result stood. Ko shogi Another possible, if rather uncommon, way for a game to end is repetition (sennichite). If the same position occurs four times with the same player to play, then the game is no contest. Recall, however, the prohibition against perpetual check.	This rule is to ensure the game ends and does not continue indefinitely.	information_extraction
What does it mean if something "slaps"?	Relevant Relevant is something directly related, connected or pertinent to a topic; it may also mean something that is current. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Slap in the Face (film) It is a loose remake of the 1937 film Seven Slaps. A young woman slaps the board of a bank she believes has swindled her out of her money. In a change from the earlier film, and as part of director Thiele's growing move towards sex comedies, she is naked when she does so. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Spinner dolphin Spinner dolphins are known for their acrobatics and aerial behaviors. A spinner dolphin comes out of the water front first and twists its body as it rises into the air. When it reaches its maximum height, the dolphin descends back into the water, landing on its side. A dolphin can make two to seven spins in one leap; the swimming and rotational speed of the dolphin as it spins underwater affects the number of spins it can do while airborne. These spins may serve several functions. Some of these functions are believed by experts to be acoustic signaling or communication. Another reason is to remove ectoparasites such as remoras. Dolphins may also make nose-outs, tail slaps, flips, head slaps, salmon leaps, and side and back slaps. Huari District Other traditional plates of the district include sharp of guinea pig (traditional plate of the mountain culinaria of Peru) and the Llajhuari. The Llajhuari is a plate of Huari, and is a precursory of buffets; it consists of a mini-buffet of several sharp ones served on one plate (generally made of wood, called p'uku, Quechua for plate), accompanied, of course, of poto (vasija of pumpkin or zapallo) of chicha of jora. The word llajhuari, translated from Spanish, would mean: something worthy to be licked. Chandra Mayor Telling the truth is harder than telling lies. Which makes writing hard work. But it's also what makes it resonate, makes it mean something to the person who reads it. Writing is exhibitionism. Writing is dragging something out of you, kicking and screaming. Writing is also craft, which is only achieved through pure drudgery. At the end of it all, someone says, 'you spoke to me,' and it's all worth it.	Slaps is a slang word originating from the San Francisco Bay Area, popularized by local rapper E-40. Music "slaps" when the music hits hard, the bass pumps just right, and you feel it in your chest. Music that makes you want to get active and dance is music that "slaps". Food does not ever slap. Food smacks if it is good. It does not ever slap.	open_qa
Why is it important to be a listener?	Appreciative listening It involves listening to music that one enjoys, people the listener likes to listen to because of their style and the choices the listener make in the films and television he/she watches, radio programmes and plays and musicals in the theatre. Unlike informative listening or relationship listening, appreciative listening does not rely on the message from the speaker it is how one responds as a listener. Our appreciation of what we hear will vary depending on our individual tastes, but will also be affected by three different factors: Mind the Journey In an interview with Vents Magazine, MTJ opens up on his style, I love having very intricate and complex soundscapes with the music. This way, a listener can have multiple playbacks of each song, noticing different elements every time. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Whiteboard Pattern The Listener pattern, a programmer of the event listener is full in-charge of the program. He decides event sources that are registered to the listener, and all the dependencies between them. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Otoacoustic emission High-end personalized headphone products (e.g., Nuraphone) are being designed to measure OAEs and determine the listener’s sensitivity to different acoustic frequencies. This is then used to personalize the audio signal for each listener. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. April Soetarman Another notable project of Soetarman's is The End of the Day. The End of the Day is a calming, listening activity that takes place over the phone. The recording reflects with a listener on time and sunsets within 10 minutes. To participate, she has attached plaques with a phone number and instructions to different New York City benches.	I genuinely think we need to practice being listeners more, putting ourselves in other people’s shoes more, looking beyond our own problems more. The only way to foster truly deep connections is through listening to others as much as we want to be listened to by others. I cannot stress the importance of cultivating a natural curiosity for other people’s stories and feeling for them, as much as we feel for ourselves and our own issues, enough. In the end it’s all about loving as much as we want to be loved.	general_qa
What are 3 things I should always have before leaving my house?	Altina Schinasi “I painted for the joy of it–because it’s what I love to do. For me, art is fun. I like to make things. I’ve always liked to make things. If I couldn’t draw it and paint it, then I’d make a pillow or I’d make a quilt or I’d make something. I always had to make something and I was always looking for ideas for projects. I wanted to use my art to enrich my life.” Hoe schoon is jouw Huis? Hoe schoon is jouw Huis? (How Clean is Your House?) is the Dutch version of the British television show How Clean is Your House?. It is presented by mother and daughter Liny van Oyen and Marja Middeldorp, and is broadcast by the Dutch channel RTL4. Corneille Ewango “When the war blew up,” Ewango later explained, “my colleagues were leaving the area, but I said, my history is here. I felt like leaving would mean leaving everything, leaving my life and my work – the work I was doing was related to my life. So I said, I think I will stay and take care of the field team, and see what is going to happen with the herbarium. If I had gone somewhere, I wouldn't have gone to my homeland -- my homeland is here. I prefer to die here, prefer that people know what I died for.” Magic Tree House Osborne's travels and experiences have factored largely into her own writing, while her writing has allowed her to experience some of the thrills of traveling. As she said, Without even leaving my home, I’ve traveled around the globe, learning about the religions of the world. It's My House Valerie Simpson of Ashford and Simpson described It's My House with the following: The song is about a modern woman who tells her lover: 'I'm independent and may fit you into my space - but on my terms.' Those are Diana's ideas. Touch My Body I have faith in my fans. I believe they will come through for me, because they always have. My house is not complete without an American Moonman, and I would say 'Touch My Body' deserves one. Brett Ratner directed it, I have a unicorn in there, I have ['Guitar Hero'] in there — who else has that? How Clean Is Your House? A spin-off book, How Clean Is Your House?, written by Kim and Aggie, was published in 2003. FreemantleMedia has also signed licensing and merchandising deals with many cleaning product manufacturers and other companies. Corina Constantin After a very successful World Championships and two gold medals, a tired and injured Constantin decided to walk away from the sport and take and extended break. Over the years I had always a very tight schedule and those things accumulated. I always put first gymnastics against other things and I felt tired, so I decided at that time to stop my sports activity. I felt like I needed more than a few months break, I needed a break to do something else besides gymnastics. Constantin stated to the European Gymnastics Union. Foutaises Foutaises (English title: Things I Like, Things I Hate) is a 1989 French short film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. Jon Krampner Krampner is also the author of short stories, including The Provence Lane Haunting (2002), The Mazeroski Blues (2016), and Why I Built My House the Way I Did (2017).	Always make sure you have your wallet, keys and phone with you	brainstorming
Tell me a fun fact about Boca Raton, Florida	West Boca Raton, Florida West Boca Raton, also known as West Boca, is an unincorporated community west of the city of Boca Raton, Florida. It is populated by numerous developments such as Boca Landings, The Hamptons, Mission Bay, Sandalfoot Cove, Century Village, and Loggers' Run. Hamptons at Boca Raton, Florida Hamptons at Boca Raton was a census-designated place (CDP) located in an unincorporated area near Boca Raton in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,306 at the 2000 census. While it is not officially in the City of Boca Raton, the community is frequently classified under its umbrella term. Boca Raton, Florida The City of Boca Raton is one of the safest cities in Palm Beach County, with a crime rate 38% lower than the entire state of Florida. Boca Raton, Florida City residents pronounce the Raton in Boca Raton as . A common mispronunciation outside of the city is . Boca Raton Public Library The Boca Raton Public Library consist of two library facilities serving the residents of the incorporated area of Boca Raton, Florida. The City of Boca Raton, incorporated in 1925, is one of the largest and the southernmost city in Palm Beach County, Florida. Boca Raton, Florida Boca Raton as a city was the creation of architect Addison Mizner. Prior to him, Boca Raton was an unincorporated farming town with a population of 100 in 1920. F. Clever Bald Following his retirement from the University of Michigan in 1967 the Balds moved to Boca Raton, Florida. Bald died in Boca Raton on December 12, 1970. Boca Raton, Florida The area where Boca Raton is now located was originally occupied by the Glades culture, a Native American tribe of hunter/gatherers who relocated seasonally and between shellfish sources, distinct from the Tequesta to the south and the Jaega to the north. Boca Raton Championship The Boca Raton Championship is a golf tournament on the PGA Tour Champions. Since 2007, it has been played at the Old Course at Broken Sound Club in Boca Raton, Florida. WFLA (Boca Raton, Florida) WFLA was an AM radio station owned and funded by the Mizner Development Corporation in Boca Raton, Florida, which Mizner was trying to develop. The frequency was 400 meters (about 750 kilohertz) and the power was 1,000 watts. With an exaggeration typical of Mizner, this was to be a clear-channel station which would be heard in most of the eastern United States.	Boca Raton was once home to a military airfield that was used during World War II to train pilots on a new military radio technology; the radar. Pilots were trained to fly in B-17 and B-29 bombers using the radars created by MIT which would eventually allow us to win the war. The Boca Raton Army Airfield was the only airborne radar training facility during the war. Military planes from across the United States would have to come to this base if they wanted the radar technology to be installed. The location of this base made it optimal to maintain secrecy as it was very rural and largely uninhabited still, providing access to thousands of acres of unused land. The base was also just a few short miles from the Atlantic Ocean, making it the perfect place to stealthily fly and practice using the radar technology. Other benefits to the location was the year round warm climate.	open_qa
Provide for me, a number of famous Japanese animation characters that I could research for an assignment on anime.	Yū Yū Hakusho (1994 video game) Yū Yū Hakusho is a fighting game based on the Yuu Yuu Hakusho anime. The player has a choice of 15 characters, each of which has its own special and hyper moves. The animation for the characters was drawn by the animation studio responsible for the TV animation. Fukagawa, Tokyo Fukagawa is known for its relations to the famous Japanese poet, Matsuo Bashō. In 1680, Bashō moved to Fukagawa. Here, he wrote one of his most famous poems, . Anime As a type of animation, anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums; it is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself. In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin. English-language dictionaries typically define anime () as a style of Japanese animation or as a style of animation originating in Japan. Other definitions are based on origin, making production in Japan a requisite for a work to be considered anime. Editing of anime in distribution The content of Japanese animation (anime) is frequently edited by distributors, both for its release in Japan or during subsequent localizations. This happens for a variety for reasons, including translation, censorship, and remastering. Anime Explosion! Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! Of Japanese Animation is a book of essays about anime written by Patrick Drazen. It was published on January 1, 2002 by Stone Bridge Press. The first half of the book defines what anime is, what it is not, and more important, how it differs from American cartoons in general and TV-based American entertainment in particular. The second half looks into individual “films and directors.” The book is used as a text in the History and Art of Animation course at Clarkson University, in the Japanese Animation: Still Pictures, Moving Minds course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in the Animation: History and Criticism course at Emory University. Stu Francis Francis had numerous catchphrases on Crackerjack, mostly based on his prolific Ooh! I could crush a grape!!. Other variations included: I could pop a balloon, I could rip a tissue, I could jump off a doll's house, I could wrestle an action man, I could duff a daffodil, I could test drive a Tonka, I could pummel a peach, and I could eat a whole sausage roll. Anime-influenced animation Anime-influenced animation refers to non-Japanese works of animation that are similar to or inspired by anime. Generally, the term anime refers to a style of animation originating from Japan. As Japanese anime became increasingly popular, Western animation studios began implementing some visual stylizations typical in anime—such as exaggerated facial expressions and super deformed versions of characters. Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir In the summer of June 2012, Toei Animation Co., Ltd., the famous Japanese animation studio branch owned & operated by Toei Company, Ltd. in Japan, was announced as a co-producer. Two years before 2012, Toei Animation had released a PreCure film that was set in Paris, France and was very interested in expanding their international audience. Even after the production moved to CGI animation, Toei still remained co-producer, with the executive producers from the company being credited. Anime Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many limited animation techniques, and have given anime a distinct set of conventions. Unlike Disney animation, where the emphasis is on the movement, anime emphasizes the art quality and let limited animation techniques make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Such techniques are often used not only to meet deadlines but also as artistic devices. Anime scenes place emphasis on achieving three-dimensional views, and backgrounds are instrumental in creating the atmosphere of the work. The backgrounds are not always invented and are occasionally based on real locations, as exemplified in Howl's Moving Castle and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Oppliger stated that anime is one of the rare mediums where putting together an all-star cast usually comes out looking tremendously impressive. Masato Ishioka Ishioka's July 2012 film was another documentary on a figure important in shaping an aspect of Japanese culture, the artist and director Gisaburō Sugii, considered one of the founders of Japanese anime. Ishioka uses interviews with key figures in anime including Sugii himself to trace both Sugii's career and the history of the Japanese animation industry. Ishioka met Sugii at Kyoto Seika University where Ishioka has been a visiting professor of film in the Faculty of Manga.	Here are a number of famous Japanese animation characters that you could use for further research: Kaito Kuroba (Detective Conan), Giyu Tomioka (Demon Slayer), Muichiro Tokito (Demon Slayer), Toge Inumaki (Jujutsu Kaisen), Rimuru Tempest (That Time I Got Reincarnated As A Slime), Gintoki Sakata (Gintama), Doraemon (Doraemon), Serena (Pokemon), Satoru Gojo (Jujutsu Kaisen), and Levi Ackerman (Attack On Titan).	brainstorming
Turtle ship	Turtle ship Turtle ships participated in the war against Japanese naval forces supporting Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attempts to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598. Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who won all battles against the Japanese Navy, is credited with designing the improved turtle ship. From their first appearance in the Battle of Sacheon, his turtle ships, equipped with at least five different types of cannon, greatly contributed to winning 16 times in 16 battles against the Japanese Navy until they were destroyed, under the command of Won Gyun, in the Battle of Chilcheollyang. Their most distinguishable feature was a dragon-shaped head at the bow (front) that could launch cannon fire or flames from the mouth. Each was also equipped with a fully covered deck to protect against arrow fire, musket-shots, and incendiary weapons. The deck was covered with iron spikes to discourage the enemy from attempting to board the ship. Turtle ship A Geobukseon (, ), also known as turtle ship in western descriptions, was a type of large Korean warship that was used intermittently by the Royal Korean Navy during the Joseon dynasty from the early 15th century up until the 19th century. It was used alongside the panokseon warships in the fight against invading Japanese naval ships. The ship's name derives from its protective shell-like covering. One of a number of pre-industrial armoured ships developed in Europe and in East Asia, this design has been described by some as the first armored ship in the world. Turtle ship The first references to older, first-generation turtle ships, known as gwiseon (귀선; 龜船, ), come from 1413 and 1415 records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, which mention a mock battle between a gwiseon and a Japanese warship. However, these early turtle ships soon fell out of use as Korea's naval preparedness decreased during a long period of relative peace. Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) Turnbull wrote that Korea's salvation was its navy. The standard Korean ship was the panokseon, a warship that was not much different from the standard Japanese warships except for the fact that Korean ships carried heavy cannons while the Japanese ships did not. The famous turtle ships that were heavily armored and armed and that were to wreak havoc on the Japanese ships were a minority of the Korean navy's ships. Korean and Japanese accounts both talk much of the turtle ships, but no such ship has survived, and historians still debate about what turtle ships looked like, though most now agree that they were in fact turtle-shaped. Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who began the war as the Left Naval Commander of Jeolla Province, was to become the commander of the Korean navy and was described by Turnbull as Korea's greatest hero and one of the outstanding naval commanders in the entire history of the world. Turtle ship Turtle Ships played a major role in the Korean victory over the Japanese navy in the Battle of Angolpo (also sometimes called the Battle of the Yellow Sea). At Angolpo, the Korean fleet of fifty-seven vessels under Admiral Yi Sun-sin faced off against a numerically superior Japanese fleet of one hundred fifty-five ships under Admirals Wakisaka Yasuharu, Kuki Yoshitaka, and Kato Yoshiaki. Admiral Yasuharu's fleet of sixty-three ships was lured into the Hansan Bay by the outnumbered Korean fleet of warships and Turtle Ships, where it was caught and enveloped in Yi Sun-sin's famous crane formation. The trapped Japanese fleet was eviscerated by the Turtle Ship's weaponry, and found themselves unable to effectively counterattack due to the Turtle Ship's unprecedented nimbleness and maneuverability on the sea. Admiral Yi's fleet then attacked the ships of Yoshitaka and Yoshiaki, during which, victory was cemented for the Joseon. Turtle Ships greatly contributed to the total Japanese fleet loss of fifty-nine ships in the Battle of Angolpo. Pre-industrial armoured ships A possible usage of iron plates occurs during the 1592–1598 Imjin War when a single Japanese source mentions Korean turtle ships (Hangul:거북선, Geobukseon or Kobukson) to be covered in iron. A ship type named turtle ship appears as early as 1413 in Korean annals: While passing by Imjin Island, the king viewed a kobukson and a Japanese ship fighting against each other. However, it seems to have subsequently faded into obscurity until resurrected and refined by Yi Sun-sin. According to Stephen Turnbull, the Japanese responded by ordering supplies of iron plates for the building of warships, so that the turtle ship can be countered in its own terms. Yi Sun-sin Turtle ships were first used in the Battle of Sacheon (1592) and were used in nearly every battle until the devastating Battle of Chilchonryang, when a Japanese double-agent plot nearly succeeded, resulting in every turtle ship and all but 13 panokseon being sunk. The turtle ships did not re-appear in battle until the Battle of Noryang. Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) On July 8, 1592, the fleet arrived at the Bay of Sacheon, where the outgoing tide prevented the Korean fleet from entering. Therefore, Yi Sun-sin ordered the fleet to feign withdrawal, which the Japanese commander, Wakisaka Yasuharu, observed from his tent on a rock. The Japanese decided to give chase, embarked their 12 ships, and pursued the Korean fleet. The Korean navy counterattacked, with the turtle ship in the front, and successfully destroyed all 12 ships. In his report to King Seonjo, Admiral Yi wrote: Previously, foreseeing the Japanese invasion, I had a turtle ship made...with a dragon's head, from whose mouth we could fire cannons, and with iron spikes on its back to pierce the enemy's feet when they tried to board. Because it is in the shape of a turtle, our men can look out from inside, but the enemy cannot look in from outside. It moves so swiftly that it can plunge into the midst of even many hundreds of enemy vessel in any weather to attack them with cannonballs and fire throwers. The Japanese followed their code of Bushido by fighting ferociously, but the superior firepower and armor of the turtle ships more than compensated. Admiral Yi commanded from his deck, and was badly wounded when a Japanese sniper put a bullet into his shoulder. Turtle ship Yi resurrected the turtle ship as a close-assault vessel, intended to ram enemy ships and sink them, similar to their use in past centuries. Despite smaller numbers, disabling or sinking enemy's lead command ship could severely damage command structure and morale of the enemy fleet. After ramming, the turtle ship would unleash a broadside volley of cannonballs. Because of this tactic, the Japanese called the turtle ships because they would blast and ram into enemy ships. This kind of attack was used during the Battle of Dangpo and Battle of Sacheon (1592). Joseon Navy A pre-industrial assault ship clad in spike protruding hexagonal armored plates on the roof and designed for usually ramming enemy ships while firing at point-blank. Its crew complement usually comprised about 50 to 60 fighting marines and 70 rowers. The turtle ship carries 11 cannons on each side. There were two more cannon portholes on the front and back of the turtle ship. On the ship's top at the bow was a dragon's head used as an early form of psychological warfare. It's used as a projector that could generate and release sulfur to obscure vision and interfere with the enemy ships to maneuver and coordinate properly. It was also used as a third cannon port that could fit a cannon in the mouth of the dragon to be fired at enemy ships. The heavy cannons enabled the turtle ships to unleash a mass volley.	The Geobukseon is the most famous Korean warship, winning all 16 battles against the Japanese navy with which Toyotomi Hideyoshi attempted to conquer Korea from 1592 to 1598.	summarization
In one sentence, what is this paragraph conveying?	Last words Last words of famous or infamous people are sometimes recorded (although not always accurately) which became a historical and literary trope. According to , last words as recorded in public documents are often reflections of the social attitude toward death at the time, rather than reports of actual statements. Published last words may reflect words that the dying person's intimates or supporters wished were their final testament. Last words Last words are the final utterances before death. The meaning is sometimes expanded to somewhat earlier utterances. Last words Actual last words are typically less grandiose than those attributed to historical figures, and are also seldom published. Dying people frequently suffer delirium, diminished mental acuity, inability to speak clearly, or some combination of the three. McLeod stated that people near death do not normally remain mentally clear. Some do not speak before their death. People will whisper, and they'll be brief, single words – that's all they have energy for. Death of Ludwig van Beethoven Beethoven's last recorded words were Pity, pity—too late!, as the dying composer was told of a gift of twelve bottles of wine from his publisher. One common belief was that his last words were (Applaud, my friends, the comedy is over), the typical conclusion to performances of Italian Commedia dell'arte; this was specifically denied by Hüttenbrenner in 1860. Another invention is that his last words were, I shall hear in heaven, apropos his deafness. Famous Last Words (band) Hailing from Petoskey, Michigan, Famous Last Words (Then called Barlait) was formed in 2008 by member JT Tollas. The group released an album called A Walking Memory. Last Words (book) Last Words is the autobiography of American stand-up comedian George Carlin. It was published on November 10, 2009. Last Words tells the story of his life from his conception, literally, to his final years; he died on June 22, 2008 at the age of 71. The book contains photos taken throughout Carlin's life. Last words Actual final utterances are often short or difficult to interpret. Diminished breathing can limit volume, and medications, lack of energy, dry mouth, and lack of dentures can also frustrate communication. Last words are commonly the names of spouses or children, or banal utterances such as Mama and Oh, fuck. Famous Last Words (Hedley album) Famous Last Words was received with mixed to low reviews. Andrew Leahey of AllMusic gave the album a 2.5/5 star rating. He said, Famous Last Words delivers the same kick of Hedley's innumerable pop-punk colleagues, relying on a blend of snot-nosed vocals and guitar muscle that evokes the likes of SR-71 and Hot Topic in the same breath. He ends off stating, Famous Last Words does sound destined for airplay as a result, proving that Jacob Hoggard knows how to stay in the spotlight better than he knows how to craft original music. Nick of Tunelab.com gave the album a 5/10 star rating. He states, If you are familiar with Hedley’s sound, then their often times hard to take seriously and borderline sugarcoated approach shouldn’t come as a shock. Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs is a collection of diary entries made by Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs between November 16, 1996, and July 30, 1997, only a few days before his death on August 2 at the age of 83. The collection was first published in hardcover by Grove Press in 2000 and was edited by Burroughs' longtime assistant, James Grauerholz. Last Words (1968 film) Last Words () is a 1968 short film by Werner Herzog shot in Crete and on the island of Spinalonga. The film was shot in two days during the filming of Herzog's feature Signs of Life, and edited in one day.	The paragraph talk about the finals recorded words a person says at the time of death, and how they could be historically or culturally significance.	closed_qa
How was the saxophone named?	Soprano saxophone The soprano saxophone is a higher-register variety of the saxophone, a woodwind instrument invented in the 1840s. The soprano is the third-smallest member of the saxophone family, which consists (from smallest to largest) of the soprillo, sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass, contrabass saxophone and tubax. Soprano saxophones are the smallest and thus highest-pitched saxophone in common use. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Contrabass saxophone The contrabass saxophone was part of the original saxophone family as conceived by Adolphe Sax, and is included in his saxophone patent of 1846, as well as in Kastner's concurrently published Methode for saxophone. By 1849, Sax was displaying contrabass through sopranino saxophones at exhibitions. Patrick Gilmore's famous American band roster included a contrabass saxophone in 1892, and at least a dozen of these instruments were built by the Evette-Schaeffer company for the US military bands in the early 20th century. Saxophone ensembles were also popular at this time, and the contrabass saxophone was an eye-catching novelty for the groups that were able to obtain one. By the onset of the Great Depression, the saxophone craze had ended, and the contrabass, already rare, almost disappeared from public view. Gustav Bumcke At the end of the 1920s, he founded the first German saxophone orchestra consisting of one sopranino, two soprano saxophones, seven alto saxophones, three tenor saxophones, one baritone saxophone and one bass saxophone. From 1932, Bumcke appeared with his saxophone quartet in the line-up with Emil Manz (alto saxophone), Ingrid Larssen (alto saxophone), Carl Petzelt (tenor saxophone). Bumcke himself played baritone saxophone in the quartet. The Berlin Saxophon Quartett soon became a fixture of Berlin concert life. Bass saxophone The bass saxophone is one of the lowest-pitched members of the saxophone family—larger and lower than the more common baritone saxophone. It was likely the first type of saxophone built by Adolphe Sax, as first observed by Berlioz in 1842. It is a transposing instrument pitched in B, an octave below the tenor saxophone and a perfect fourth below the baritone saxophone. A bass saxophone in C, intended for orchestral use, was included in Adolphe Sax's patent, but few known examples were built. The bass saxophone is not a commonly used instrument, but it is heard on some 1920s jazz recordings, in free jazz, in saxophone choirs and sextets, and occasionally in concert bands and rock music. Alto saxophone The alto saxophone is found in the standard instrumentation of concert bands and saxophone quartets. Alexander Glazunov composed his Saxophone Quartet in B-flat major in 1932. Quartet An example of a wind quartet featuring four of the same types of wind instruments is the saxophone quartet, consisting of soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone and baritone saxophone. Often a second alto may be substituted for the soprano part or a bass saxophone may be substituted for the baritone. Subcontrabass saxophone Whether or not the tubax is truly a saxophone is debated: it has the same fingering, but its bore, though conical, is narrower (relative to its length) than that of a regular saxophone. Baritone saxophone The baritone saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of instruments, larger (and lower-pitched) than the tenor saxophone, but smaller (and higher-pitched) than the bass. It is the lowest-pitched saxophone in common use - the bass, contrabass and subcontrabass saxophones are relatively uncommon. Like all saxophones, it is a single-reed instrument. It is commonly used in concert bands, chamber music, military bands, big bands, and jazz combos. It can also be found in other ensembles such as rock bands and marching bands. Modern baritone saxophones are pitched in E.	after the inventor, Adolphie Sax	open_qa
Which of these animals can be pets? Wolf, dog, rabbit, squirrel, cat, lion.	Santiago Zacatepec Wild fauna include deer, skunk, rabbit, squirrel, badger, wild boar, wild cat, mountain lion, mole, mountain lion, monkey, armadillo, fox, raccoon and opossum. Călărași District Fauna characteristic of the so animals such as: fox, wild cat, marten, rabbit, squirrel, deer, wild boar, wolf, red deer and others and the world of birds may be mentioned: blackbird, pigeon, jay, finch, eagle, woodpecker and other. Wolf Dog Wolf Dog, also known as A Boy and His Dog, is a 1958 Western film directed and produced by Sam Newfield and produced by Regal Films. The film stars Jim Davis and Allison Hayes. Lupo Italiano In 1982, Mario Messi described the Lupo Italiano as 62.5% German Shepherd and 37.5% Italian wolf. In a 2002 interview, he declared that the breed was more wolf than dog: 60% wolf and 40% dog. The AAALI gives an average percentage of wolf content at around 30-35%. The Dog and the Wolf The Dog and the Wolf is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 346 in the Perry Index. It has been popular since antiquity as an object lesson of how freedom should not be exchanged for comfort or financial gain. An alternative fable with the same moral concerning different animals is less well known. Dave Anderson (cartoon writer) In 2014, Anderson and Dog Judo creative Andrew Kelleher parted ways with 12foot6 and set up animation studio Dog & Rabbit. Bastard Bunny joined the new set up and was rewarded by becoming the figurehead of several craft beers by MoogBrew. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals PETA considers the word pet to be derogatory and patronises the animal, and prefers the term companion or companion animal. Animals are not pets, Newkirk has said. Dog The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids. Karl Lagerfeld In 1967, he was hired by Fendi to modernize their fur line. Lagerfeld's innovative designs proved groundbreaking, as he introduced the use of mole, rabbit, and squirrel pelts into high fashion. Lagerfeld remained with Fendi Rome until his death. Dog Eats Rabbit Dog Eats Rabbit is the follow-up album by Blackburner to From Dusk to Dub. This album is a collaboration with DMX.	While most animals can be domesticated, dogs, rabbits and cats are common pets.	classification
Give me a list of most influential people in the world.	Asghar Farhadi In 2012, he was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. That same year he also received the Legion of Honour from France. David M. Blitzer In 2000, Blitzer was ranked 7th on SmartMoney’s list of the 30 most influential people in the world of investing. Clare Waight Keller In 2019, Time magazine included Keller in its annual list of the most influential people of the year. Zlatko Topčić In 2004, he was included on the annual Marquis Who's Who in the World list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Barbara Hogan Hogan was included in the 2009 Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Samia Suluhu Hassan In 2022, she was named among the top 100 most influential people in the world by American magazine Time. Yair Lapid In April 2013, Lapid appeared on Time magazine's list of 100 Most Influential People in the World 2013 in the category Leaders. The following month, he ranked first on the list of the Most Influential Jews in the World by The Jerusalem Post. He also was listed as one of the Foreign Policy Global Thinkers 2013. Phyllis Omido In 2021, she was included in the Time 100, Times annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Aamir Khan He has a large followings especially in India and China, and has been described by Newsweek as the biggest movie star in the world. He has been regularly listed among The 500 Most Influential Muslims of the world. He also created and hosted the television talk show Satyamev Jayate. His work as a social reformer earned him an appearance on the Time 100 list of most influential people in the world in 2013. Peter Theisinger In 2013, Theisinger, along with Richard Cook, was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World	Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, Vladimir Putin, Warren Buffett, Xi Jinping	brainstorming
Think of a number of different ways you can cook eggs	Germaine olive The name of the olive is spelt in a number of different ways, including Ghjermana (or Ghjermana de Balagne), Ghermana and Germana. In some parts of Corsica and in Perugia, it is also referred to as Romana. Gyeran-jjim There are several ways to cook gyeran-jjim. It can be steamed, double-boiled, or boiled in a stovetop-safe crock on a very low heat. For faster cooking, some people microwave the bowl. Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Intellectual honesty Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterised by an unbiased, honest attitude, which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways: Headway There are a number of different ways to measure and express the same concept, the distance between vehicles. The differences are largely due to historical development in different countries or fields. Kitchen knife The edge of the knife can be sharpened to a cutting surface in a number of different ways. There are three main features: Computer supported brainstorming Collaborative brainstorming software can be used in a number of ways. It could be used in place of the traditional note card method of outlining an essay, or to make a big concept more understandable, to visualize the scope of a marketing campaign, or to organize interview notes. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Think for a Minute Think for a Minute is a single by The Housemartins taken from the album London 0 Hull 4. The song reached #18 in the UK Singles Chart. 129 (number) 129 is the sum of the first ten prime numbers. It is the smallest number that can be expressed as a sum of three squares in four different ways: formula_1, formula_2, formula_3, and formula_4.	Eggs are versatile and can be cooked using a number of methods including boiling, scrambling, poaching, frying and baking. They can also be beaten and augmented with other ingredients to make an Omelette or Frittata	brainstorming
Which Formula 1 teams has Fernando Alonso raced for?	Fernando Alonso Fernando Alonso Díaz (; born 29 July 1981) is a Spanish racing driver currently competing for Alpine in Formula One. He won the series' World Drivers' Championship in and with Renault, and has also driven for McLaren, Ferrari, and Minardi. With Toyota, Alonso won the 24 Hours of Le Mans twice, in and , and the FIA World Endurance Championship in 2018–19. He also won the 24 Hours of Daytona with Wayne Taylor Racing in 2019. Fernando Alonso In 2018, Alonso raced in the 24 Hours of Daytona for the first time. He shared the 22 United Autosports Ligier JS P2 with Lando Norris and Philip Hanson, which finished 38th overall after mechanical issues affected his race. He later raced the full 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima at Toyota Gazoo Racing. Sharing the No. 8 Toyota TS050 Hybrid, the trio won the World Drivers' Championship after a season-long duel with their teammates Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and José María López with five race victories, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans in both and . Alonso returned to compete in the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2019, winning the rain-shortened race in a Wayne Taylor Racing-entered Cadillac DPi-V.R with Kobayashi, Renger van der Zande and Jordan Taylor. Motor racing career of Fernando Alonso Fernando Alonso is a Spanish racing driver who has won two Formula One World Championships, the FIA World Endurance Championship, the 24 Hours of Le Mans twice, the 24 Hours of Daytona once and the Euro Open by Nissan. He progressed from kart racing to car racing with the Euro Open by Nissan with the Campos Motorsport team in 1999, winning the series from Manuel Gião at his first attempt with six race victories and nine pole positions. Alonso progressed to the higher tier International Formula 3000 Championship in 2000 with Team Astromega. He finished fourth in the point standings with a second-place finish at the Hungaroring and a race victory at the season-ending race at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. Sport in Spain In endurance racing, Fermín Vélez is two-time 12 Hours of Sebring winner and two-time World Sportscar Championship Group C2 champion, Marc Gené won the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2010 12 Hours of Sebring, and Antonio García won the 2009 24 Hours of Daytona. Fernando Alonso won the 2018-2019 FIA WEC World Championship, taking wins at the 2018 and 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans. He also won the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona. Motor racing career of Fernando Alonso In September 2017, Alonso told the McLaren chief executive offer Zak Brown he wanted to drive in the 2018 24 Hours of Daytona as preparation for the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Brown agreed to the idea and assigned Alonso to drive for United Autosports. Alonso entered the race because he sought a different challenge and spoke to García Abad on what to expect. He drove a Ligier JS P217 in a test session at the Ciudad del Motor de Aragón on 21 November and driver Filipe Albuquerque advised him. Alonso, the sports car entrant Philip Hanson and McLaren's reserve driver Lando Norris qualified 13th and finished 38th after multiple mechanical issues affected the car during the race. Alonso returned to race in the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona with Wayne Taylor Racing. He shared a Cadillac DPi-V.R with Kamui Kobayashi, Renger van der Zande and Jordan Taylor; the quartet completed 593 laps to win the rain-shortened event. Kazuki Nakajima Nakajima won the 2018 Le Mans 24 Hours race in the #8 Toyota, along with Fernando Alonso and Sébastian Buemi. 2019 24 Hours of Daytona As evening fell, two-time Formula One World Driver's Champion Fernando Alonso began his first stint in the #10 Wayne Taylor Racing Cadillac. He muscled his way into the overall lead of the Rolex 24, after inheriting the car from Jordan Taylor in 7th position. Alonso took the lead from Rene Rast in the #77 Mazda. After a third Full-Course Yellow flag, Alonso maintained his overall lead, and handed the car over to Toyota Gazoo Racing team-mate Kamui Kobayashi with a 15-second advantage over the #77. Motor racing career of Fernando Alonso Alonso drove a 2018 TS050 Hybrid in a three-day test session at the Ciudad del Motor de Aragón in February and drove with no artificial lights in a 24-hour kart race as preparation. He adapted to driving the car and provided feedback to Toyota and his fellow drivers on how to develop it mechanically and technically. He, Buemi and Nakajima took 198 points and the LMP1 Drivers' Championship with five victories including the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans over the eight round season, though this was enhanced by their teammates Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and José María López suffering a sensor issue while leading the 2019 6 Hours of Spa and then suffering a puncture while comfortably leading the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans with an hour remaining. Toyota was the only factory LMP1 team that season, and the only to field hybrid cars. Alonso left the series afterwards to focus on other ventures. The two-time World Endurance champion and 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans co-winner Brendon Hartley replaced him. Philip Hanson (racing driver) Philip Hanson (born 5 July 1999) is a British racing driver who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship and European Le Mans Series with United Autosports. He started his racing career when he won the Whilton Mill Club Championship in 2014, and has since gone on to claim the Super One British X30 Junior Karting Championship, the 2016–17 Asian Le Mans Series LMP3 Title, Dunlop Endurance Championship in 2016 (alongside an event win at the British LMP3 Cup), before becoming the youngest ever top-10 finisher at the famous Le Mans 24 Hour race (9th in LMP2 class). Phil secured a drive with United Autosports for the 2018 season, with his first competitive race at the Rolex 24 Hours at Daytona alongside two-time Formula 1 world champion Fernando Alonso, and current McLaren F1 driver Lando Norris. He won the 2018–19 Asian Le Mans Series title outright with Paul di Resta in an LMP2 Ligier entered by United Autosports, setting the standard as the youngest-ever overall champion in the series. Motor racing career of Fernando Alonso Alonso made his sports car endurance racing debut at the 1999 24 Hours of Barcelona. Paired with Antonio García, Salvi Delmuns and the journalist Pedro Fermín Flores, the quartet third in the M10 class and tenth overall in a Hyundai Accent. Sixteen years later, Alonso was due to enter the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans with Porsche's Le Mans Prototype 1 team before Honda blocked it.	Fernando Alonso has raced for Aston Martin, Renault, McLaren, Ferrari and Minardi.	information_extraction
Why is sitting the new smoking?	Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Henry Poole & Co When the Potters returned to New York, Mr. Potter proudly wore his new smoking jacket at the Tuxedo Club and fellow members soon started having copies made for themselves which they adopted as their informal uniform for club stag dinners. As a result, the dinner jacket became known as a tuxedo or tux in America. Self-Portrait (Lampi) Vilho Lampi created several self-portraits. In this image the artist is sitting at a table and smoking a cigarette. Smoking room A smoking room (or smoking lounge) is a room which is specifically provided and furnished for smoking, generally in buildings where smoking is otherwise prohibited. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Riding-like sitting Riding-like sitting or balanced sitting includes a sitting posture that approaches the natural resting position. Nederlandse Spoorwegen Tobacco smoking is prohibited both on trains and in stations. Smoking on trains has been prohibited since 2004, with smoking in stations permitted in designated smoking zones, until this too was disallowed in October 2020. Smoking The earliest depictions of smoking can be found on Classical Mayan pottery from around the 9th century. The art was primarily religious in nature and depicted deities or rulers smoking early forms of cigarettes. Soon after smoking was introduced outside of the Americas it began appearing in painting in Europe and Asia. The painters of the Dutch Golden Age were among the first to paint portraits of people smoking and still lifes of pipes and tobacco. For southern European painters of the 17th century, a pipe was much too modern to include in the preferred motifs inspired by mythology from Greek and Roman antiquity. At first smoking was considered lowly and was associated with peasants. Many early paintings were of scenes set in taverns or brothels. Later, as the Dutch Republic rose to considerable power and wealth, smoking became more common amongst the affluent and portraits of elegant gentlemen tastefully raising a pipe appeared. Smoking represented pleasure, transience and the briefness of earthly life as it, quite literally, went up in smoke. Smoking was also associated with representations of both the sense of smell and that of taste. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand.	Sitting is not good for your body, as it was created to move. Sedentary lifestyles have many health risk factors associated. It can decrease your bone density to live a sedentary lifestyle, leading to more injuries. Sitting all day will also overtime impact your flexibility and ability to be limber. This too, impacts your likelihood of becoming injured.	creative_writing
What is Ethereum?	Ethereum Ethereum was conceived in 2013 by programmer Vitalik Buterin. Additional founders of Ethereum included Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. In 2014, development work began and was crowdfunded, and the network went live on 30 July 2015. Ethereum allows anyone to deploy permanent and immutable decentralized applications onto it, with which users can interact. Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications provide a broad array of financial services without the need for typical financial intermediaries like brokerages, exchanges, or banks, such as allowing cryptocurrency users to borrow against their holdings or lend them out for interest. Ethereum also allows users to create and exchange NFTs, which are unique tokens representing ownership of an associated asset or privilege, as recognized by any number of institutions. Additionally, many other cryptocurrencies utilize the ERC-20 token standard on top of the Ethereum blockchain and have utilized the platform for initial coin offerings. Ethereum The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the runtime environment for transaction execution in Ethereum. It includes a stack, memory, and the persistent storage for all Ethereum accounts (including contract code). The EVM is stack-based, in that most instructions pop operands from the stack and push the result to the stack. The EVM is designed to be deterministic on a wide variety of hardware and operating systems, so that given a pre-transaction state and a transaction, each node produces the same post-transaction state, thereby enabling network consensus. The formal definition of the EVM is specified in the Ethereum Yellow Paper. EVMs have been implemented in C++, C#, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, Rust, Elixir, Erlang, and soon WebAssembly. Smart contract The most popular blockchain for running smart contracts is Ethereum. On Ethereum, smart contracts are typically written in a Turing-complete programming language called Solidity, and compiled into low-level bytecode to be executed by the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Due to the halting problem and other security problems, Turing-completeness is considered to be a risk and is deliberately avoided by languages like Vyper. Some of the other smart contract programming languages missing Turing-completeness are Simplicity, Scilla, Ivy and Bitcoin Script. However, measurements in 2020 using regular expressions showed that only 35.3% of 53,757 Ethereum smart contracts at that time included recursions and loops — constructs connected to the halting problem. Ethereum Classic Ethereum Classic is an open source, blockchain-based distributed computing platform featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality. It supports a modified version of Nakamoto consensus via transaction-based state transitions executed on a public Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Virgil Griffith On Ethereum, Griffith writes Ethereum is an unprecedented arena for playing cooperative games, and enables powerful economic vehicles we don’t yet understand, by bringing cooperative game theory into new domains. As of 2019 Griffith's homepage stated that he worked for the Ethereum Foundation. Vitalik Buterin The Ethereum white paper was circulated and interest grew in the new protocol in late 2013 and early 2014. Buterin announced Ethereum more publicly at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami on 26 January. Buterin delivered a 25-minute speech, describing the general-purpose global computer operating on a decentralized permissionless network, ending with potential uses for Ethereum that ranged from crop insurance to decentralized exchanges to DAOs. Ethereum Ethereum has an unusually long list of founders. Anthony Di Iorio wrote: Ethereum was founded by Vitalik Buterin, Myself, Charles Hoskinson, Mihai Alisie & Amir Chetrit (the initial 5) in December 2013. Joseph Lubin, Gavin Wood, & Jeffrey Wilcke were added in early 2014 as founders. Buterin chose the name Ethereum after browsing a list of elements from science fiction on Wikipedia. He stated, I immediately realized that I liked it better than all of the other alternatives that I had seen; I suppose it was the fact that [it] sounded nice and it had the word 'ether', referring to the hypothetical invisible medium that permeates the universe and allows light to travel. Buterin wanted his platform to be the underlying and imperceptible medium for the applications running on top of it. Ethereum Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain with smart contract functionality. Ether (Abbreviation: ETH; sign: Ξ) is the native cryptocurrency of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only to bitcoin in market capitalization. Ethereum Classic ETC is a fundamental token for operation of Ethereum Classic, which thereby provides a public distributed ledger for transactions. It is used to pay for Gas, a unit of computation used in transactions and other state transitions. Within the context of Ethereum Classic it might be called ether, but it should not be confused with ETH, which is also called ether. OpenSea OpenSea offers a marketplace allowing for non-fungible tokens to be sold directly at a fixed price, or through an auction, based on the Ethereum ERC-721 standard, the layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum Polygon, the KIP-7 standard for Klaytn, and the SPL standard for Solana.	Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain with smart contract functionality. Ether (is the native cryptocurrency of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only to bitcoin in market capitalization. It is open-source software. Ethereum was conceived in 2013 by programmer Vitalik Buterin. Additional founders of Ethereum included Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin.	open_qa
Categorize the following as either a 'month' or a 'day'	Jandals Away Jandals Away is a New Zealand comedy series that follows the Ofa family, who rescue people in return for free satellite TV to watch Warriors games. With a secret base on the tiny island of A'a'a, they call themselves The A'a'a Rescue Organisation or T.A.R.O. Don McKay (poet) In that book, his definitive 1993 essay 'Baler Twine' describes those moments 'before wrestling with words and music ', a 'state of mind ' ,a preparedness, which he labels as 'poetic attention'; and further describes as a 'sort of readiness ', a 'form of knowing'. McKay also touches on his other main poetic themes of 'Wilderness', 'Home', and 'Matériel' (material existence). Stewart O'Nan A Face in the Crowd is a novella by Stephen King and O'Nan, originally published as an e-book on August 21, 2012, as well as an audiobook, read by Craig Wasson. Komodo rat A young / baby of a Komodo rat is called a 'kitten, nestling, pinkie or pup'. The females are called 'doe' and males 'buck'. A Komodo rat group is called a 'colony, horde, pack, plague or swarm'. International Marketing Review According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2009 impact factor of 1.164. The journal is ranked an 'A' in Europe, and an 'A' or 'B' in the rest of the world. The Australian New Zealand Association for Marketing has recently in 2011 recommended that IMR along with Psychology and Marketing be upgraded from 'B' to 'A' in Asia-Pacific marketing rankings. AWS Elastic Beanstalk AWS Elastic Beanstalk is an orchestration service offered by Amazon Web Services for deploying applications which orchestrates various AWS services, including EC2, S3, Simple Notification Service (SNS), CloudWatch, autoscaling, and Elastic Load Balancers. Elastic Beanstalk provides an additional layer of abstraction over the bare server and OS; users instead see a pre-built combination of OS and platform, such as 64bit Amazon Linux 2014.03 v1.1.0 running Ruby 2.0 (Puma) or 64bit Debian jessie v2.0.7 running Python 3.4 (Preconfigured - Docker). Deployment requires a number of components to be defined: an 'application' as a logical container for the project, a 'version' which is a deployable build of the application executable, a 'configuration template' that contains configuration information for both the Beanstalk environment and for the product. Finally an 'environment' combines a 'version' with a 'configuration' and deploys them. Executables themselves are uploaded as archive files to S3 beforehand and the 'version' is just a pointer to this. Grouted roof A common repair to slate roofs is to apply 'torching', a mortar fillet underneath the slates, attaching them to the battens. This may applied as either a repair, to hold slipping slates, or pre-emptively on construction. The Unfortunate Car The Unfortunate Car is a 2012 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Hua Yuan and Bao Jiming, and written by Huayuan and Yin Guojun. The film stars Guo Degang, Viann Zhang, Ambrose Hui, and Wang Yi'nan. It was released in China on April Fools' Day. Month's Mind (John Ireland) A Month's Mind is a requiem mass celebrated about one month after a person's death, in memory of the deceased. Nef polygon In the language of Nef polyhedra you can refer to various objects as 'faces' with different dimensions. What would normally be called a 'corner' or 'vertex' of a shape is called a 'face' with dimension of 0. An 'edge' or 'segment' is a face with dimension 1. A flat shape in 3D space, like a triangle, is called a face with dimension 2 – or a 'facet'. A shape in 3D space, like a cube, is called a face with dimension 3 – or a 'volume'.	Monday, February, Sunday, October, Wednesday, July	classification
Where is the best place to go to relax?	Meditation The (late 4th century BCE) Guanzi essay Neiye Inward training is the oldest received writing on the subject of qi cultivation and breath-control meditation techniques. For instance, When you enlarge your mind and let go of it, when you relax your vital breath and expand it, when your body is calm and unmoving: And you can maintain the One and discard the myriad disturbances. ... This is called revolving the vital breath: Your thoughts and deeds seem heavenly. RELAX NG In computing, RELAX NG (REgular LAnguage for XML Next Generation) is a schema language for XML—a RELAX NG schema specifies a pattern for the structure and content of an XML document. A RELAX NG schema is itself an XML document but RELAX NG also offers a popular compact, non-XML syntax. Compared to other XML schema languages RELAX NG is considered relatively simple. Glynis Johns Johns has previously suffered from severe migraines. In a 1955 interview with Lydia Lane, she admitted that ‘Only recently have I learned how to relax. And since I have, the migraine headaches which have plagued me for years have disappeared. I’ve finally learned to be still inside. Someone told me once, “When you let God in on your problems, you can let go and relax,” and I’ve found that it works.’ Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Candela, Coahuila Los Carrisitos is made up of pools that are filled with clean mountain water. It is also a great place to go on a carne asada (term for a Mexican-style barbecue). Five Forks, South Carolina In 2019, Niche.com ranked Five Forks as the best place to live, and second best place to raise a family, out of 190 best places in South Carolina. The Last Best Place The Last Best Place is an unofficial nickname for the U.S. state of Montana. The phrase's origin is disputed. The first known use is in Douglas Chadwick's book A Beast the Color of Winter, while William Kittredge is credited with popularizing it as the title of his book . Infineon XMC The Relax Kit and the Relax Lite Kit are low budget evaluation boards for the XMC4000 microcontroller family. The board contains the XMC4500 microcontroller (XMC4500-F100F1024 AA, Package: PG-LQFP-100), an ARM Cortex-M4F CPU running at 120 MHz, 1 MB Flash and 160 kB RAM. Besides that the Relax and Relax Lite Kit have a detachable on-board debugger so developers can download and validate the code without additional hardware. The Relax Kit and the Relax Lite Kit offer a complete set of on-board devices and plugs to run USB-based applications and to develop human machine interfaces with buttons and LEDs. The Relax Kit extends the feature set with an Ethernet-enabled communication option. It also allows developers to explore mass storage and file systems using a microSD card. In addition, it comes with serial flash memory. DAVE 3 is a suitable free software for those kits to reduce software developing time by using so called DAVE apps. Dave apps are sw component blocks which easily can be combined and implemented from the DAVE3 library. Nan Ryan Nan Ryan won Historical Storyteller of the year in 1995 from Romantic Times. She was nominated for Best Western Historical romance in 1997. Ryan was named Best historical storyteller of the year in again in 2001.	Some places you can go to relax are the beach or an all inclusive resort. Leaving work at home when you are on your staycation is another way to relax. Do activities that help you have fun and take your mind off of work like boating, whale watching, deep sea fishing, or riding a jet ski. Quiet time is another way to relax by relaxing in a chair on a beach with a good book too.	open_qa
Tell me whether these are food or drink: juice, hamburger, coke, pizza, hotdog, steak, lemonade, apple cider.	Apple cider cookie An apple cider cookie is a cookie that is prepared and flavored with apple cider. Some versions use apple cider in the cookie dough, while others have a glaze or icing prepared with apple cider. Some apple cider cookies use apple cider in both the cookie dough and glaze or icing. Typical ingredients include apple cider, flour, sugar or brown sugar, vegetable oil or butter, spices and baking soda. Additional ingredients may include apple butter, applesauce, chopped or dried apples, nuts and dates. Vegan varieties of the apple cider cookie exist. Fruit picking The apples that fall off the trees are often used to make apple cider. Apple cider is a juice made grinding the apples, then pressing out the juice. International English food terms In America, fermented apple juice is called hard cider. Apple cider refers to unfiltered (un-fermented) apple juice, typically pasteurized to make it shelf-stable. In New England and parts of Canada, fresh cider or sweet cider refers to fresh pressed apple juice; this is unlike any commercial product, and can be found at farm stands and orchards. Swabian cuisine Also well-known is the Swabian Zwiebelkuchen, which is very similar to the French quiche Lorraine. It is usually eaten in late summer and autumn with Federweisser or apple cider. Appletini An apple martini (appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy. Fruit press A cider press is used to crush apples or pears. In North America, the unfiltered juice is referred to as cider, becoming known as apple juice once filtered; in Britain it is referred to as juice regardless of whether it is filtered or not (the term cider is reserved for the fermented (alcoholic) juice). Other products include cider vinegar, (hard) cider, apple wine, apple brandy, and apple jack. Chimayó cocktail Cider, in this article, is used in the North American sense to mean a non-alcoholic apple cider, not the alcoholic hard cider. Cider mill A cider mill, also known as a cidery, is the location and equipment used to crush apples into apple juice for use in making apple cider, hard cider, applejack, apple wine, pectin and other products derived from apples. More specifically, it refers to a device used to crush or grind apples as part of the overall juice production. Drink Cider is a fermented alcoholic drink made from fruit juice, most commonly and traditionally apple juice, but also the juice of peaches, pears (Perry cider) or other fruit. Cider may be made from any variety of apple, but certain cultivars grown solely for use in cider are known as cider apples. The United Kingdom has the highest per capita consumption of cider, as well as the largest cider-producing companies in the world, , the U.K. produces 600 million litres of cider each year (130 million imperial gallons). Dark 'n' stormy A cider and stormy, or dark 'n' stormy cider, or dark and stormy orchard, is a mix of dark rum, apple cider, and ginger beer. The fall dark 'n' stormy contains bourbon, apple cider, lemon juice, and ginger beer.	Food: hamburger, pizza, hotdog, steak. Drink: juice, coke, pizza, lemonade, apple cider.	classification
What are different channels of communication to push information out to a sales organization?	Technological change Communication channels are the means by which a source conveys a message to a receiver. Information may be exchanged through two fundamentally different, yet complementary, channels of communication. Awareness is more often obtained through the mass media, while uncertainty reduction that leads to acceptance mostly results from face-to-face communication. Haiku Applications TV is a viewer for Analog TV. It is used to view different channels on Haiku. It is not a web-streaming app and requires a TV Card to start using it. Once the setup is completed, the user may set different frequencies or view different channels. Sales operations Sales operations is a set of business activities and processes that help a sales organization run effectively, efficiently and in support of business strategies and objectives. Sales operations may also be referred to as sales, sales support, or business operations. Computer supported brainstorming Brainstorming exists in many forms, but first began to be formalized in graphical representation known as concept mapping by Joseph D. Novak of Cornell University in the 1970s. Concept mapping involved collecting and organizing information in a hierarchical fashion. SAP IS-U SAP IS-U is SAP's Industry-Specific Solution for the Utilities Industry. SAP IS-U is a sales and information system that supports utility and waste disposal companies. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Albert Mehrabian For effective and meaningful communication about emotions, these three parts of the message need to support each other - they have to be congruent. In case of any incongruence, the receiver of the message might be irritated by two messages coming from two different channels, giving cues in two different directions. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Fraud deterrence Information and Communication relates to the flow of information in two directions within the organization. First, information should flow downward to the line functions and provide the best, most accurate information as needed to allow the function to produce the best results possible. Second, information about performance should flow upwards through management, through both formal and informal communication channels, providing objective feedback. Both communication channels must function effectively to safeguard the organization (Cendrowski, Martin, Petro, The Handbook of Fraud Deterrence). Sales process engineering James Cortada was one of IBM's management consultants on market-driven quality. His book TQM for Sales and Marketing Management was the first attempt to explain the theory of TQM in a sales and marketing context. George Antoin Smith, Jr. in Naperville, Illinois, an electrical engineering graduate of Purdue University, had been a successful field sales engineer and district sales manager of Hewlett Packard electronic components to OEMs. In 1989 George Smith received the HP President's Club Award for career excellence in HPs sales organization. In 1992, he started a consulting company to demonstrate to sales managers how they could tactically measure and improve sales productivity. He also wrote the Sales Quality Audit. Todd Youngblood, another ex-IBMer, in his book The Dolphin and the Cow (2004) emphasized three core principles: continuous improvement of the sales process, metrics to quantitatively judge the rate and degree of improvement, and a well-defined sales process.	Email (single topic) Weekly bulletin with multiple topics. Email or print. Slack channel Short video Regular cadence of webinars (e.g. weekly, monthly, etc.) Team meetings Structured agendas for team meetings Conference calls (phone only) Phone trees Group text Websites Website with notifications Carrier pigeon Ravens (if you're in Game of Thrones)	brainstorming
What are some fun board games to play as a family?	Who's in a Family? Who's in a Family? is a children's book which depicts a variety of non-traditional families, including interracial, single-parent, and families with gay and lesbian partners as parents. It intentionally emphasizes the normalcy of different family arrangements. Solitaire board wargame For example, there have been a number of fantasy/sci-fi board games that play very well as one player games, even though they were also designed as multi-player games. These games include Dungeon Quest, Runebound, and Dungeon Twister 2. The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games is a book of tips on strategies for winning board games. There are 11 chapters; the first seven cover various sorts of board games, the last chapter is a discussion of role-playing games. This book is one of a few that covered a large number of proprietary board games, rather than just traditional board games. Games to Play David Pritchard reviewed Games to Play for Games International magazine and stated that A minor classic and a must-buy, I would hazard, for every dedicated games player. Compared to the average boxed game around offered at the same price, Games to Play has to be a bargain, and the idea Christmas present. Who's in a Family? In an article from the School Library Journal, Martha Topol claims that children's books like Who's in a Family? are intended to educate children on different family structures. Topol, along with an author for The Spectator, Susan Clairmont, think that this genre of book should be given to children after questions about these topics begin to arise to reassure and clarify but should not just be given to children without background knowledge or questions. Tabletop game For several of these categories there are sub-categories and even sub-sub-categories or genres. For instance, German-style board games, board wargames, and are all types of board games that differ markedly in style and general interest. Cartagena (board game) It is also has been categorized as a family game and a pirates game. For its mechanics, it has been grouped with modular board games as well as hand management games. Also, its lack of necessary in-game text makes it accessible to non-English speakers. Dungeon crawl Dungeon crawling in board games dates to 1975 when Gary Gygax introduced Solo Dungeon Adventures. That year also saw the release of Dungeon!. Over the years, many games build on that concept. One of the most acclaimed board games of the late 2010s, Gloomhaven, is a dungeon crawler. Daniela Ambrosoli In 2021 she completes her newest documentary papa & dada. The film follows the question: How does starting a family actually work as a couple of two men and what does everyday family life look like? What are the particular obstacles, which are the challenges? The documentary papa & dada follows up on these questions and transports us into the world of the famous ballet dancer John Lam and his husband lawyer John Ruggieri. In the biggest possible openness, the two of them tell their story and grant an intimate insight into their everyday family life with their sons Giovanni and Santino in Boston. Complemented by the experiences and stories of other same-sexual couples and other companions from different parts of the world, the film draws a lovingly and unbiased picture of a family life of two fathers and leads the viewers to question such things as: What are the differences in comparison to the normal family unit of father-mother-child? What are the similarities? What actually defines a family? Where do we really stand when it comes to the acceptance of same-sex families? North American Family Campers Association Everything in NAFCA is based on camping and family fun. Members range in age, race, sex, size, hometown and more creating a welcoming group of friendly campers. NAFCA has games to play and competitions that take place annually, everyone is able and encouraged to attend. Great fun can be had by all.	Choosing a board game to enjoy as a family can be challenging, and the right game for your family can vary on the composition and ages in your family, how long of a game you want to play, and also where you are located in the world and what is available to you. A few more well-known family games include Monopoly, Sorry!, Trouble, LIFE, and Clue (some of which come in “Junior” editions for families with smaller children). Some other games to try as a family, which vary in complexity, length and mechanics, include Settlers of Catan, Pandemic (particularly if your family enjoys cooperative games), Keys to the Kingdom, Letter Jam, Codenames, Ticket to Ride, Wingspan, We're Doomed, One Night Ultimate Werewolf, and Betrayal at House on the Hill. For families with smaller children, check out games by publishers Haba, Amigo, and Gamewright. These companies have several selections that are good for children, including Animal Upon Animal, Rhino Hero: Super Battle, Magic Mountain, Outfoxed, Forbidden Island, and others. Pro tip: the website, Board Game Geek (BGG), can be a good source of information, ratings, and reviews on different board games, and categorizes games by several factors, including a category and rankings for family games.	open_qa
Why practicing sport is important ?	Fightville The idea for Fightville came about during production of Gunner Palace, when the filmmakers found out about MMA by observing soldiers watching and practicing the sport. Four Great Inventions In the chapter Are the Four Major Inventions the Most Important? of his book Ancient Chinese Inventions, Chinese historian Deng Yinke writes: Olympism According to the principles of Olympism, the practice of sport is a principal human right. Every individual must have the possibility of practicing sport, without any discrimination kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Life skills For example, decision-making often involves critical thinking (what are my options?) and values clarification (what is important to me?), (How do I feel about this?). Ultimately, the interplay between the skills is what produces powerful behavioral outcomes, especially where this approach is supported by other strategies. PgMP PgMP- what is it and why is it important? PGMP May refer to: The Program Management Professional (PgMP)® certification indicates that an individual has gained advanced experience beyond the skills required to manage individual projects. This certification can provide a distinct advantage in employment and promotion. Philosophy of sport Important questions in philosophy of sport are concerned with the social virtues of sport, the aesthetics of sporting performances and display, the epistemology of individual and team strategy and techniques, sporting ethics, the logic of rules in sport, metaphysics of sport as a component of human nature or instinct, etc. However, some writers have composed a philosophy of sport in terms of the body, art and its intersections with generation X sports, such as bouldering, surfing, skateboarding. A Grande Vitória In order to play the judoka Max Trombini, Caio used his own experience in the sport. He practiced judo as a child, but he didn't get very far in terms of graduation. Some scenes of the film were filmed at the traditional academy Vila Sônia, in São Paulo. It was there that the Olympic champion Aurélio Miguel began practicing the sport and where Caio made an immersion with renowned technicians as the masters Massao and Luiz Shinohara, current men's team coach. Ielja Strik Strik started gymnastics when she was five years old and practiced this for around 15 years, attaining a reasonably high domestic level. After her build changed she decided that perhaps fitness suited her better as a sport, quickly changing to bodybuilding. After a number of successes Strik started powerlifting in 2001. Quickly it turned out she possessed quite some strength and after a month of practicing the sport she entered the Dutch championships. Strik was immediately asked to join the Dutch selection.	Studies show that practicing sport regularly can reduce the risk of cancer and improve your overall health. You can practice what we call "neat", meaning you don't have to go for a swim or a run 1h a day, you can already be physically active by walking 30 minutes or 1 hour per day, by taking the stairs instead of the elevator, going shopping or house cleaning and so on.	general_qa
What is the best way to reduce my carbon emissions?	Carbon neutrality Reducing carbon emissions can be done by moving towards energy sources and industry processes that produce less greenhouse gases, thereby transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Shifting towards the use of renewable energy such as wind, geothermal, and solar power, zero-energy systems like passive daytime radiative cooling, as well as nuclear power, reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Although both renewable and non-renewable energy production produce carbon emissions in some form, renewable sources produce negligible to almost zero carbon emissions. Transitioning to a low-carbon economy would also mean making changes to current industrial and agricultural processes to reduce carbon emissions, for example, diet changes to livestock such as cattle can potentially reduce methane production by 40%. Carbon projects and emissions trading are often used to reduce carbon emissions, and carbon dioxide can even sometimes be prevented from entering the atmosphere entirely (such as by carbon scrubbing). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment Despite this, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was the highest ever recorded in human history in May 2020. Energy and climate expert Constantine Samaras states that a pandemic is the worst possible way to reduce emissions and that technological, behavioral, and structural change is the best and only way to reduce emissions. Tsinghua University's Zhu Liu clarifies that only when we would reduce our emissions even more than this for longer would we be able to see the decline in concentrations in the atmosphere. The world's demand for fossil fuels decreased by almost 10% amid COVID-19 measures and reportedly many energy economists believe it may not recover from the crisis. Carbon tech The circular carbon economy is a closed loop system that encompasses 4Rs - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Remove and applies them to managing carbon emissions. Black carbon Given black carbon's relatively short lifespan, reducing black carbon emissions would reduce warming within weeks. Because black carbon remains in the atmosphere only for a few weeks, reducing black carbon emissions may be the fastest means of slowing climate change in the near term. Control of black carbon, particularly from fossil-fuel and biofuel sources, is very likely to be the fastest method of slowing global warming in the immediate future, and major cuts in black carbon emissions could slow the effects of climate change for a decade or two. Reducing black carbon emissions could help keep the climate system from passing the tipping points for abrupt climate changes, including significant sea-level rise from the melting of Greenland and/or Antarctic ice sheets. Carbon price Carbon pricing is considered by many economists to be the most efficient way to reduce emissions. This means that it reduces emissions for the least possible cost, where these costs include the cost of efficiency measures as well as the cost of the inconvenience of making do with less of the goods and services provided by fossil fuels. This efficiency comes about by eliminating a market failure (the un-priced external costs of carbon emissions) at its source – by pricing these costs. This is best explained by example: Mock COP26 According to the organisers, by holding a virtual conference carbon emissions were reduced by 1,500 times that of face to face COP events. The organisers hope that theirs could be a model for future international conferences that lead to lower carbon emissions. Time value of carbon The time value of carbon is a conjecture that there is a greater benefit from reducing carbon dioxide (or other greenhouse gas) emissions immediately than reducing the same amount of emissions (or rate of emissions) in the future. According to this conjecture, carbon emissions are subject to a discount rate, similar to money, which means that the timing of carbon emissions is important to consider alongside their magnitude. This is not to be confused with the monetary discount rate applied to carbon emission or sequestration projects. Rather, it is a discount rate applied to the physical carbon itself. Carbon footprint The global average annual carbon footprint per person in 2014 was about 5 tonnes COe. Although there are many ways to calculate a carbon footprint, the Nature Conservancy suggests that the average carbon footprint for a U.S. citizen is 16 tons. This is one of the highest rates in the world, leading to new policies implemented to reduce carbon footprint. Scholars estimated that New York City can eliminate the carbon footprint of its buildings by 2050. Based on city documents and national statistics, a significant measure directly controlled by New York is the elimination of carbon emissions from municipal district heating, which may account for up to 30% of New York city’s reported carbon emissions and 58% of the energy-related carbon emissions. Black carbon Biomass burning emits greater amounts of climate-cooling aerosols and particulate matter than black carbon, resulting in short-term cooling. However, over the long-term, biomass burning may cause a net warming when CO emissions and deforestation are considered. Reducing biomass emissions would therefore reduce global warming in the long-term and provide co-benefits of reduced air pollution, CO emissions, and deforestation. It has been estimated that by switching to slash-and-char from slash-and-burn agriculture, which turns biomass into ash using open fires that release black carbon and GHGs, 12% of anthropogenic carbon emissions caused by land use change could be reduced annually, which is approximately 0.66 Gt CO-eq. per year, or 2% of all annual global CO-eq emissions. Natural England Natural England joined the project in 2009 in a bid to reduce its own carbon footprint. One year later they announced that they had reduced their carbon emissions (according to 10:10's criteria) by 13%.	A great way to reduce your carbon emissions is reducing the amount of car trips in favour of walking, biking, or taking public transit. Other ways could be buying items used instead of new to save on emissions from the manufacturing process. You could also consider reducing airplane trips by reducing business travel, or taking a train instead.	brainstorming
Where is the home country of Joan of Arc?	Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Paris) Joan of Arc is a monumental bronze sculpture by French sculptor Paul Dubois. It depicts Joan of Arc both as a warrior and as a divinely inspired visionary. Joan of Arc by Herself and Her Witnesses Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses () is a translation of a 1962 book about Joan of Arc by Régine Pernoud. The translator, Edward Hyams, won the 1965 Scott Moncrieff Prize for his work on this book. Pernoud was the founder of the Centre Jeanne d'Arc at Orléans, France, and a noted historian. The Tale of Joan of Arc The lyrical verse written by Christine de Pizan, The Tale of Joan of Arc, was completed on July 31, 1429. The story is credited as the only academic written work about Joan of Arc that was written during her lifetime. Pizan is said to have died before Joan was captured. Joan of Arc led the French army in May 1429 to end a siege in Orleans and was victorious because within a day the English were forced to retreat. The poetic story written by Christine de Pizan emphasizes victory. However, Joan's battle to reclaim Paris in September 1429 was unsuccessful. Joan of Arc was captured in 1430 and burned at the stake on May 30, 1431 after a series of trials by the English, through the church, about her attire and because she said that God spoke to her and that she listened. Pizan spent the last of her days at the monastery of Poissy and this is where she wrote The Tale of Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc (band) Joan of Arc was an American indie rock band from Chicago, Illinois named after the French saint Joan of Arc. They formed in 1995, following the breakup of Cap'n Jazz. Women warriors in literature and culture Joan of Arc was a warrior in the 15th century and considered a heroine in France for her role in the Hundred Years' War. Joan of Arc alleged that she had a connection to the saints of her church and that they communicated with her to tell her to join the war effort of the French in 1429. Her effort in the battle of Orléans in May 1429 contributed to the retreat of the English from the city. She was later canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. In modern popular culture, Joan of Arc has been depicted many times, including in The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928 film), a silent historical film from Danish director Carl TH. Dreyer. The film depicts the real trial of Joan of Arc leading up to her execution. The Tale of Joan of Arc Le Ditie de Jehanne d'Arc (The Tale of Joan of Arc, sometimes called The Song of Joan of Arc) is a patriotic lyrical verse, and the last work of the medieval poet Christine de Pizan who lived from 1364 to about 1430 AD. Earlier in her career Pizan wrote many texts including The Book of the City of Ladies which included tales about famous woman in history. Christine de Pizan was a professional poet in the court of King Charles VI of France. In her last work The Tale of Joan of Arc Pizan writes 61 verses about Joan of Arc, who led the French army to reclaim territory being held by the English. It was written before Joan lost in battle and was taken as a prisoner and right before the death of Christine de Pizan herself. Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc Set in France during the Hundred Years' War, the film portrays Joan of Arc's religious awakening and her decision to fight against the English invasion. Equestrian statue of Joan of Arc (Washington, D.C.) Joan of Arc is a 1922 cast of Paul Dubois's 1889 statue of Joan of Arc, located at Meridian Hill Park in Washington, D.C., United States of America. Joan of Arc was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII (French: Jeanne d’Arc au sacre du roi Charles VII) is an 1854 painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. It is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris. The Passion of Joan of Arc The Passion of Joan of Arc () is a 1928 French silent historical film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc. The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan. It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema, especially for its production, Dreyer's direction and Falconetti's performance, which is often listed as one of the finest in cinema history. The film summarizes the time that Joan of Arc was a captive of England, depicting her trial and execution.	France	open_qa
Why should I read books?	Isaac Babel According to Pirozhkova, Before I met Babel, I used to read a great deal, though without any particular direction. I read whatever I could get my hands on. Babel noticed this and told me, 'Reading that way will get you nowhere. You won't have time to read the books that are truly worthwhile. There are about a hundred books that every educated person needs to read. Sometime I'll try to make you a list of them.' And a few days later he brought me a list. There were ancient writers on it, Greek and Roman—Homer, Herodotus, Lucretius, Suetonius—and also all the classics of later European literature, starting with Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Swift, and Coster, and going on to 19th century writers such as Stendhal, Mérimée, and Flaubert. David J. Landau Anna Punshon from Burnie Advocate wrote: Caged is a testament to the bravery against the unimaginable evil and is one of better books I have read in a long time. I Can Read! I Can Read! is a line of beginning reading books published by HarperCollins. The series is rated by level and is widely used to teach children to read English. The first book in the series was Else Holmelund Minarik's Little Bear, published in 1957, and subsequent notable titles have included Amelia Bedelia and Frog and Toad. What the Hell Did I Just Read What the Hell Did I Just Read: A Novel of Cosmic Horror is a 2017 comic horror novel written by Jason Pargin under the pseudonym of David Wong. It is the third book in the series after John Dies at the End and This Book Is Full of Spiders. Matt Labash On his writing process: I don't do drafts. I edit as I go along. So I'm always throwing stuff out. And then when I finish, I read and read and re-read. I do so at the computer about 10 or 15 times, all the way through, hammering things out here and there. Then when I have it pretty close, I print it out, and I read and read and read some more, while I pace. Because walking helps, for some reason. We live in our own heads too much. It's good to make writing as physical as possible. Sometimes I read out loud, not because I need to sound out big thesaurus words, but because it's easier to tell if you're missing a beat or have an extra beat too many. Writing and music – same difference. It's all about rhythm. And I look like an idiot doing this, quite frankly. Homophone Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms, e.g. the word read, as in He is well read (he is very learned) vs. the sentence I read that book (I have finished reading that book). Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Frederick Turner (poet) When asked if these were the books his father read in aloud in the evenings, Turner replied, Yes, and then I would reread them by myself: The Swiss Family Robinson, Kim, and The Jungle Book, of course. Later on, when it started coming out, he read us The Lord of the Rings series. I think he read it three times, and then I read it five or six more times on my own. Eventually, we also read C.S. Lewis' Narnia, John Buchan, Arthur Conan Doyle, some Dickens, and lots of Shakespeare. Digital newspaper technology The Kindle 2 will be available in February 2009. One of the new features of this product is the use of text-to-speech technology to read books out loud. Several authors have objected to this feature, claiming it violates their copyright.	Books can be our best friends. We can carry them anywhere with us and get immersed in them. Books are also a great source of knowledge and developing perspective. One can learn about new technologies, historical events, places to visit and more. Finally books also help us focus our mind on something specific for a long duration instead of jumping around to various things when browsing the internet.	open_qa