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22,447,396
Are common NOD2 risk variants in African Americans with Crohn 's disease due exclusively to recent Caucasian admixture?
{ "contexts": [ "Crohn's disease (CD) is highly heritable. NOD2 has emerged as the main susceptibility gene among individuals of European ancestry; however, NOD2 does not appear to contribute to CD susceptibility among many non-European populations. Today's African American (AA) population represents an admixture of West African (80%) and European (20%) ancestry. Since genotype-based tools are becoming increasingly available for CD, it is important that we validate the risk variants in different populations, such as admixed AAs.", "We analyzed the NOD2 variants among admixed AAs (n = 321, 240 with CD and 111 healthy controls [HCs]) and nonadmixed West Africans (n = 40) by genotyping four known disease-causing NOD variants. We extracted the publicly available 1000 Genomes data on NOD2 variants from 500 subjects of West African origin. Association with disease was evaluated by logistic regression.", "An association with CD was found for the classical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1007fs (2.6% CD, 0% HC, P = 0.012); there was no association when the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the risk alleles were compared for SNPs R702W and G908R. No known NOD2 risk alleles were seen in either the West African cohort or in subjects of African ancestry from the 1000 Genomes project." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Africa, Western", "African Americans", "Alleles", "Crohn Disease", "European Continental Ancestry Group", "Gene Frequency", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Genotype", "Humans", "Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "Risk Factors" ] }
The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture.
yes
pub_med_qa40000
[ { "content": "ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ NOD2 ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์—๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘(CD)์€ ์œ ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NOD2๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, NOD2๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ CD ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(AA) ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„(80%)์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ„(20%) ํ˜ˆํ†ต์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ CD์— ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ AA์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ NOD ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ AA(n = 321, 240 ๋ฐ CD์™€ 111๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ [HCs])์™€ ๋น„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ(n = 40) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ NOD2 ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถœ์‹  500๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ NOD2 ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(SNP) 1007fs(CD 2.6%, HC 0%, P = 0.012)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด CD์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, SNP R702W์™€ G908R์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ๋‚˜ 1000 ์œ ์ „์ฒด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜ˆํ†ต ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ NOD2 ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture.
NOD2 ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๊ท€์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ, AA์—์„œ CD์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” AA์—์„œ NOD2๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” CD์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,431,347
Does endovascular stent provide more effective early relief of SVC obstruction compared to balloon angioplasty?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine whether superior vena cava (SVC) stent implantation is superior to balloon angioplasty for relieving SVC stenosis.", "SVC stent and balloon dilation have been used as treatment for SVC stenosis. Although safe and effective, outcome data comparing the two methods are limited.", "A Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium review identified SVC stenosis. Patients who required SVC intervention were divided into two subgroups-balloon dilation (Group A) and stent implantation (Group B). Logistic regression and the log-rank test were used to test the need for re-intervention within 6 months after the initial procedure.", "SVC intervention was performed on 210/637 patients with SVC stenosis (33%). There were 108/210 (51%) patients with balloon dilation (Group A) and 102/210 (49%) with stent implantation (Group B). Re-intervention within 6 months of the initial intervention was more common in Group A compared to Group B [Group A = 31/40 (77.5%); Group B = 5/22 (22.7%)]. The odds-ratio for re-intervention within 6 months of the initial procedure for balloon vs. stent, is 7.3 [95% CI: (2.91, 22.3), P < 0.0001]. In addition, during the first 6 months after an intervention for SVC stenosis the proportion of patients with stent implantation that remained free of re-intervention was significantly higher than after balloon angioplasty (log-rank test, P < 0.0001). Neither age nor weight was significantly associated with the need for re-intervention." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Angiography", "Angioplasty, Balloon", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Endovascular Procedures", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Infant", "Infant, Newborn", "Male", "Retrospective Studies", "Stents", "Superior Vena Cava Syndrome", "Time Factors", "Treatment Outcome", "Young Adult" ] }
SVC stent implantation is more effective than angioplasty in relief of SVC obstruction. Weight and age are not risk factors for early re-intervention.
yes
pub_med_qa40001
[ { "content": "ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์Šคํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ’์„  ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์„ฑํ˜•์ˆ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด SVC ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์Šคํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ’์„  ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์„ฑํ˜•์ˆ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด SVC ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
SVC stent implantation is more effective than angioplasty in relief of SVC obstruction. Weight and age are not risk factors for early re-intervention.
SVC ์Šคํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฝ์ž…์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์„ฑํ˜•์ˆ ๋ณด๋‹ค SVC ํ์‡„ ์™„ํ™”์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,432,063
Do specific chromosomal IG translocations have different prognoses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
{ "contexts": [ "Chromosomal translocations are usually analyzed as a single entity, and are associated with a poor outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Translocations involving immunoglobulin genes are recurrent, but uncommon (<5%), and their individual prognosis is not clear. The two most frequent partners are BCL2 (18q21) and BCL3 (19q13).", "Herein, 75 cases are reported of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and t(14;18) (BCL2-CLLs). Our series benefits from morphological, immunological and cytogenetical reviews. The IGHV status analyses were performed by referring laboratories. Comparison was made with our previously published series of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with t(14;19) (BCL3-CLLs, n=29).", "Compared with BCL3-CLLs, lymphocytosis was lower in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.008), and splenomegaly was less frequent (p<0.0001). There were more \"typical\" morphologies (p<0.005) and Matutes scores >4 (p<0.001) in the BCL2-CLLs group, and less CD38 expression (p<0.04). More variant BCL2-translocations were observed (t(18;22), n=11; 2t(2;18), n=2; p<0.02), and BCL2-translocation was frequently single (p<0.002). Complex karyotypes (p<0.02), trisomy 12 (p<0.03), 6q deletion (p<0.002) and TP53 deletion (p<0.02) were less frequent in BCL2-CLLs, whereas 13q deletion was more frequent (p<0.005). The IGHV gene was frequently mutated in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.0001). Treatment-free survival was longer in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.0001)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }
BCL2-CLL.S express CD5 and lack expression of CD38, and have a Matutes score โ‰ฅ4, frequent trisomy 12, no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated IGHV status. Compared to BCL3-CLLs, BCL2-CLLs are much less aggressive; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved patient stratification.
yes
pub_med_qa40002
[ { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด IG ์ „์œ„๋Š” ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด IG ์ „์œ„๋Š” ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
BCL2-CLL.S express CD5 and lack expression of CD38, and have a Matutes score โ‰ฅ4, frequent trisomy 12, no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated IGHV status. Compared to BCL3-CLLs, BCL2-CLLs are much less aggressive; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved patient stratification.
BCL2-CLL.S๋Š” CD5๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  CD38์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, Matutes ์ ์ˆ˜ โ‰ฅ 4, ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‚ผ์ถœ์ˆ  12, ATM ๋ฐ 6q ๊ฒฐ์† ์—†์Œ, ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด IGHV ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BCL3-CLL์— ๋น„ํ•ด BCL2-CLL์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ „์œ„์™€ ์„ธํฌ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜์ž ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,448,228
Does the adaptor molecule Nck localize the WAVE complex to promote actin polymerization during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria?
{ "contexts": [ "CEACAM3 is a granulocyte receptor mediating the opsonin-independent recognition and phagocytosis of human-restricted CEACAM-binding bacteria. CEACAM3 function depends on an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-like sequence that is tyrosine phosphorylated by Src family kinases upon receptor engagement. The phosphorylated ITAM-like sequence triggers GTP-loading of Rac by directly associating with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav. Rac stimulation in turn is critical for actin cytoskeleton rearrangements that generate lamellipodial protrusions and lead to bacterial uptake.", "In our present study we provide biochemical and microscopic evidence that the adaptor proteins Nck1 and Nck2, but not CrkL, Grb2 or SLP-76, bind to tyrosine phosphorylated CEACAM3. The association is phosphorylation-dependent and requires the Nck SH2 domain. Overexpression of the isolated Nck1 SH2 domain, RNAi-mediated knock-down of Nck1, or genetic deletion of Nck1 and Nck2 interfere with CEACAM3-mediated bacterial internalization and with the formation of lamellipodial protrusions. Nck is constitutively associated with WAVE2 and directs the actin nucleation promoting WAVE complex to tyrosine phosphorylated CEACAM3. In turn, dominant-negative WAVE2 as well as shRNA-mediated knock-down of WAVE2 or the WAVE-complex component Nap1 reduce internalization of bacteria." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Actins", "Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing", "Blotting, Western", "Carcinoembryonic Antigen", "Cells, Cultured", "Flow Cytometry", "Fluorescent Antibody Technique", "Humans", "Immunoprecipitation", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Nuclear Proteins", "Oncogene Proteins", "Phagocytosis", "Phosphoproteins", "Phosphorylation", "Pseudopodia", "RNA, Small Interfering", "Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family", "src Homology Domains" ] }
Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM3-initiated phagocytosis. We suggest that the CEACAM3 ITAM-like sequence is optimized to co-ordinate a minimal set of cellular factors needed to efficiently trigger actin-based lamellipodial protrusions and rapid pathogen engulfment.
yes
pub_med_qa40003
[ { "content": "์–ด๋Œ‘ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์ž Nck๋Š” CEACAM3 ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์‹๊ท  ์ž‘์šฉ ๋™์•ˆ ์•กํ‹ด ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด WAVE ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nCEACAM3๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ œํ•œ CEACAM ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์˜ต์†Œ๋‹Œ ๋น„์˜์กด์  ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‹์„ธํฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CEACAM3์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‹œ Src ๊ณ„์—ด ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„(ITAM) ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„œ์—ด์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ITAM ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„œ์—ด์€ ๊ตฌ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๊ตํ™˜ ์ธ์ž(GEF) Vav์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ Rac์˜ GTP ๋กœ๋”ฉ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rac ์ž๊ทน์€ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌํฌ๋””์–ผ ๋Œ์ถœ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•กํ‹ด ์„ธํฌ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋Œ‘ํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ Nck1๊ณผ Nck2๊ฐ€ ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹  ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” CEACAM3์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ CrkL, Grb2 ๋˜๋Š” SLP-76์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ์˜์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ Nck SH2 ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ Nck1 SH2 ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„, Nck1์˜ RNAi ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋…น๋‹ค์šด, ๋˜๋Š” Nck1๊ณผ Nck2์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐ์†์€ CEACAM3 ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”์™€ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌํฌ๋””์–ผ ๋Œ์ถœ๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Nck๋Š” WAVE2์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, WAVE ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹  ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” CEACAM3๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ WAVE2์™€ ์šฐ์„ฑ ์Œ์„ฑ WAVE2 ๋˜๋Š” WAVE ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ Nap1์˜ shRNA ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋…น๋‹ค์šด์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM3-initiated phagocytosis. We suggest that the CEACAM3 ITAM-like sequence is optimized to co-ordinate a minimal set of cellular factors needed to efficiently trigger actin-based lamellipodial protrusions and rapid pathogen engulfment.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” CEACAM3์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹์„ธํฌ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ก ์  ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” CEACAM3 ITAM ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„œ์—ด์ด ์•กํ‹ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌํฌ๋””์–ผ ๋Œ์ถœ๋ถ€์™€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด ์‚ผํ‚ด์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์ธ์ž ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,448,229
Does ginkgo biloba respond to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses?
{ "contexts": [ "Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses.", "Early and late responses in mechanically wounded leaves and in leaves damaged by S. littoralis included plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) variations, time-course changes in both cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and H(2)O(2) production, the regulation of genes correlated to terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, the induction of direct defense compounds, and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that G. biloba responded to hebivory with a significant Vm depolarization which was associated to significant increases in both [Ca(2+)](cyt) and H(2)O(2). Several defense genes were regulated by herbivory, including those coding for ROS scavenging enzymes and the synthesis of terpenoids and flavonoids. Metabolomic analyses revealed the herbivore-induced production of several flavonoids and VOCs. Surprisingly, no significant induction by herbivory was found for two of the most characteristic G. biloba classes of bioactive compounds; ginkgolides and bilobalides." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Biomarkers", "Calcium", "Cytosol", "Feeding Behavior", "Flavonoids", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Genes, Plant", "Ginkgo biloba", "Hydrogen Peroxide", "Membrane Potentials", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Plant Extracts", "Plant Leaves", "RNA, Messenger", "RNA, Plant", "Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Signal Transduction", "Spodoptera", "Volatile Organic Compounds" ] }
By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this "living fossil" plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms.
yes
pub_med_qa40004
[ { "content": "์€ํ–‰๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์€ํ–‰๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this "living fossil" plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms.
์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ G. biloba์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด "์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์„" ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์†์”จ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์‹๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,438,565
Does gender influence the class III and V ฮฒ-tubulin ability to predict poor outcome in colorectal cancer?
{ "contexts": [ "Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in Western countries. To predict the outcome of therapy, we assessed the role of class III (TUBB3) and class V ฮฒ-tubulin (TUBB6) as predictive biomarkers.", "Using immunohistochemistry and nanofluidics, the expression of TUBB3 and TUBB6 was assessed in two cohorts of 180 and 134 patients, respectively. The CYP17A1 RS743572 was genotyped to identify GG carriers with enhanced androgen levels. TUBB3 and TUBB6 were investigated in 22 colorectal cancer cell lines in basal conditions and after serum starvation, the latter serving as activator of this prosurvival pathway. To ascertain the role of androgen receptor (AR) in such regulation, we silenced AR and checked TUBB3 and TUBB6 expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy.", "There was a link between poor survival, the expression of TUBB3/TUBB6, and AR only in females. Conversely, only in males carriers of the GG phenotype exhibited the worst outcome. Importantly, male cell lines were resistant to serum starvation and exhibited higher levels of TUBB6, thereby suggesting that the pathway is activated by androgens. In female cells this phenomenon was absent. In both genders, AR was the main driver of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression, as constitutive silencing of AR was associated with downregulation of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression and increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin and SN-38." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antineoplastic Agents", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Camptothecin", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Colorectal Neoplasms", "Female", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic", "Humans", "Irinotecan", "Male", "Organoplatinum Compounds", "Oxaliplatin", "RNA Interference", "RNA, Small Interfering", "Receptors, Androgen", "Sex Characteristics", "Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase", "Treatment Outcome", "Tubulin" ] }
The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients.
yes
pub_med_qa40005
[ { "content": "์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์—์„œ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” III๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ V๊ธ‰ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-ํŠœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํด๋ž˜์Šค III(TUBB3)์™€ ํด๋ž˜์Šค V ๋ฒ ํƒ€-ํŠœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ(TUBB6)์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์œ ์ฒดํ•™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 180๋ช…๊ณผ 134๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ TUBB3์™€ TUBB6์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CYP17A1 RS743572๋Š” ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ GG ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TUBB3์™€ TUBB6๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ € ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๊ธฐ์•„ ํ›„ 22๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ด ์ƒ์กด ์ „ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(AR)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด AR์„ ์นจ๋ฌต์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  TUBB3์™€ TUBB6์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ƒ์กด์œจ ์ €ํ•˜, TUBB3/TUBB6์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋งŒ AR์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋งŒ GG ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜• ๋ณด๊ท ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๊ธฐ์•„์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  TUB6 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ AR์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์  ์นจ๋ฌต์ด TUBB3/TUBB6 ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด ๋ฐ SN-38์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— AR์ด TUBB3/TUBB6 ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients.
TUBB3 ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ญ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,441,253
Does highly active antiretroviral therapy completely suppress HIV in semen of sexually active HIV-infected men who have sex with men?
{ "contexts": [ "Although HAART can suppress genital shedding and sexual transmission of HIV, men who have sex with men (MSM) have experienced a resurgent HIV epidemic in the HAART era. Many HIV-infected MSM continue to engage in unsafe sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other factors may promote genital HIV shedding and transmission in this population despite HAART. In this study, we determined the prevalence of seminal HIV shedding in HIV-infected MSM on stable HAART, and its relationship with a number of clinical, behavioral and biological variables.", "Sexually active HIV-infected men using HAART were recruited from an MSM health clinic to provide semen and blood samples.", "HIV levels were assessed in paired semen and blood samples by PCR. Clinical and behavioral data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) serostatus, seminal HSV-2 DNA, and markers of genital inflammation were measured using standard laboratory methods.", "Overall, HIV-1 was detected in 18 of 101 (18%) blood and 30 of 101 (30%) semen samples. Of 83 men with undetectable HIV in blood plasma, 25% had HIV in semen with copy numbers ranging from 80 to 2560. Multivariate analysis identified STI/urethritis (P = 0.003), tumor necrosis factor ฮฑ (P = 0.0003), and unprotected insertive anal sex with an HIV-infected partner (P = 0.007) as independent predictors of seminal HIV detection." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Cytokines", "HIV Infections", "HIV-1", "Herpesvirus 2, Human", "Homosexuality, Male", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Risk Factors", "Semen", "Sexual Behavior", "Sexually Transmitted Diseases", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Urethritis", "Young Adult" ] }
STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection.
no
pub_med_qa40006
[ { "content": "๊ณ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์•ก์—์„œ HIV๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nHAART๋Š” HIV์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์  ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚จ์„ฑ(MSM)๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ HAART ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋‹ค์‹œ HIV ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ MSM์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ‘ ๊ฐ์—ผ(STI)์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด HAART์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ MSM์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ HAART์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž„์ƒ, ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nHAART๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ •์•ก๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด MSM ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nPCR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ •์•ก๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ HIV ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์—์„œ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํฌ์ง„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค 2(HSV-2) ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ •์•ก HSV-2 DNA ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ HIV-1์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 101๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 18๊ฐœ(18%)์™€ ์ •์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 101๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 30๊ฐœ(30%)์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” HIV๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 83๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘ 25%๊ฐ€ ์ •์•ก์—์„œ HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณต์ œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 80์—์„œ 2560 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, STI/์š”๋„์—ผ(P = 0.003), ์ข…์–‘ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž ฮฑ(P = 0.0003), HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€์˜ ๋น„๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‚ฝ์ž… ํ•ญ๋ฌธ ์„ฑ๊ต(P = 0.007)๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ HIV ๊ฒ€์ถœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection.
STI์™€ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ์„ฑํ–‰๋™์„ฑ HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ MSM์—์„œ ์ •์•ก HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ HAART์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์•ก HIV ์—ญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ MSM์—์„œ ์ „์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,436,412
Do circulating interleukin-6 levels correlate with residual HIV viraemia and markers of immune dysfunction in treatment-controlled HIV-infected patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled HIV-infected patients have elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlate with increased cardiovascular risk and/or mortality. Persistent low-level viral replication could be involved in this inflammatory state. We evaluated whether residual viral load (VL) correlated with the level of systemic inflammatory/immune markers in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients.", "We evaluated 122 antiretroviral-controlled patients with VL 1-500 copies/ml for circulating levels of high-sensitivity (hs)CRP, hsIL-6, IL-8, soluble (s)CD14 and soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2.", "The patients were 80.3% men, the median age was 47 years, the median CD4(+) T-cell count was 519 cells/mm(3), the median nadir CD4(+) T-cell count was 180 cells/mm(3), the median VL was 28 copies/ml and the median body mass index was 23.3 kg/m(2). The median (range) values for IL-6, CRP, IL-8, sCD14, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were 0.685 pg/ml (0.15-5.46), 1.8 mg/l (0.2-9.7), 10.0 pg/ml (1.6-71.1), 1,174 ng/ml (214-3,145), 1,112 pg/ml (583-5,834) and 2,412 pg/ml (1,142-7,688), respectively. IL-6 values correlated positively with HIV VL (rho=0.217, P=0.017). The VL threshold value for significantly increased IL-6 was 31 copies/ml (P=0.023). IL-6 values correlated with markers of immune dysfunction: the CD4/CD8 ratio (rho=-0.248, P=0.011), CD4 nadir level (rho=-0.186, P=0.04) and nadir CD4/CD8 ratio (rho=-0.257, P=0.008). They negatively correlated with markers of immune activation sCD14 (rho=-0.236, P=0.011) and IL-8 (rho=-0.290, P=0.002). We found no correlation between VL and CRP or other markers of inflammation/immune dysfunction including sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sCD14 and IL-8." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active", "Biomarkers", "C-Reactive Protein", "CD4 Lymphocyte Count", "Female", "HIV Infections", "Humans", "Inflammation Mediators", "Interleukin-6", "Interleukin-8", "Lipopolysaccharide Receptors", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Viral Load", "Viremia", "Young Adult" ] }
We report here that low-range IL-6 levels correlated with low-range VL and inversely with sCD14 and IL-8. Our findings suggest that maintaining VL<30 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients might therefore reduce IL-6.
yes
pub_med_qa40007
[ { "content": "์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-6 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์กฐ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-6 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์กฐ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
We report here that low-range IL-6 levels correlated with low-range VL and inversely with sCD14 and IL-8. Our findings suggest that maintaining VL<30 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients might therefore reduce IL-6.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ IL-6 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ VL๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ sCD14 ๋ฐ IL-8๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ VL<30 ์นดํ”ผ/ml๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด IL-6๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,423,977
Does network motif comparison rationalize Sec1/Munc18-SNARE regulation mechanism in exocytosis?
{ "contexts": [ "Network motifs, recurring subnetwork patterns, provide significant insight into the biological networks which are believed to govern cellular processes.", "We present a comparative network motif experimental approach, which helps to explain complex biological phenomena and increases the understanding of biological functions at the molecular level by exploring evolutionary design principles of network motifs.", "Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. We also predict that it underlies the conflicting observations in SM overexpression experiments. Furthermore, hypothesis-driven lipid mixing assays validated the prediction." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Cell Membrane", "Exocytosis", "Models, Biological", "Munc18 Proteins", "Neurons", "Qa-SNARE Proteins", "SNARE Proteins", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins", "Synapses" ] }
Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins.
yes
pub_med_qa40008
[ { "content": "๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—‘์†Œ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹œ์Šค์—์„œ Sec1/Munc18-SNARE ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋น„๊ต ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ ์—‘์†Œ์‚ฌ์ดํ‹ฑ ๋ง‰ ์œตํ•ฉ์—์„œ SM(Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE(N-์—ํ‹ธ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ธ์ž ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์˜ SM-SNARE ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋™์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” SM(Munc18-1)๊ณผ SNARE(์‹ ํƒ์‹ -1)์˜ ํ์‡„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ์œตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, SM ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์งˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  SM ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,430,890
Does bilobar spreading of colorectal liver metastases significantly affect survival after R0 resection in the era of interdisciplinary multimodal treatment?
{ "contexts": [ "Bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are often considered incurable or associated with poor prognosis even after R0 resection. In this single-center study, we evaluate the impact of CRLM spreading on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific overall survival (CSS) after R0 resection of CRLM with respect to multimodal treatment strategies including perioperative chemotherapy and multistep resections.", "Between January 2001 and December 2010, R0 resection could be achieved in 70 patients with bilobar and 100 with unilobar CRLM. Extent of disease, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatment, histopathological workup, RFS, and CSS were compared between both cohorts.", "Forty-six (66ย %) patients with bilobar and 26 (26ย %) patients with unilobar CRLM received preoperative chemotherapy (pโ€‰<โ€‰0.001). For bilobar CRLM, more extended and multistep resection including portal vein occlusion were performed (29ย % versus 3ย %; pโ€‰<โ€‰0.001). Morbidity (39ย % versus 28ย %, pโ€‰=โ€‰0.183) and mortality (1ย % versus 3ย %, pโ€‰=โ€‰0.644) rates were comparable in both patients' cohorts. Postoperative therapy was applied in adjuvant intent to 42 (60ย %) versus 51 (51ย %) patients (pโ€‰=โ€‰0.275). The 5-year RFS and CSS rates were 24ย % versus 31ย % (pโ€‰=โ€‰0.169) and 42ย % versus 55ย % (pโ€‰=โ€‰0.131), respectively." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Colorectal Neoplasms", "Combined Modality Therapy", "Female", "Humans", "Kaplan-Meier Estimate", "Liver", "Liver Neoplasms", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neoplasm Recurrence, Local", "Postoperative Care", "Preoperative Care" ] }
To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection.
no
pub_med_qa40009
[ { "content": "๋‹คํ•™์ œ ๊ฐ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ด์˜ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด R0 ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ƒ์กด์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด์ค‘ ๋ฐ” ๋Œ€์žฅ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ด(CRLM)๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ถˆ์น˜๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ R0 ์ ˆ์ œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ผํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ CRLM์˜ R0 ์ ˆ์ œ ํ›„ CRLM ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฌด์žฌ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์กด์œจ(RFS) ๋ฐ ์•” ํŠน์ด์  ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ(CSS)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2001๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์–‘๋ด‰ ํ™˜์ž 70๋ช…๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ด‰ CRLM ํ™˜์ž 100๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ R0 ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ•, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ๋ณด์กฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, RFS ๋ฐ CSS๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n46๋ช…(66%)์˜ ์–‘๋ด‰ ํ™˜์ž์™€ 26๋ช…(26%)์˜ ๋‹จ๋ด‰ CRLM ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p < 0.001). ์–‘๋ด‰ CRLM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ํ์ƒ‰์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋” ํ™•์žฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(29% ๋Œ€ 3%; p < 0.001). ์ดํ™˜์œจ(39% ๋Œ€ 28%, p = 0.183)๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ (1% ๋Œ€ 3%, p = 0.644)์€ ๋‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” 42๋ช…(60%) ๋Œ€ 51๋ช…(51%) ํ™˜์ž(p = 0.275)์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5๋…„ RFS ๋ฐ CSS ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 24% ๋Œ€ 31%(p = 0.169) ๋ฐ 42% ๋Œ€ 55%(p = 0.131)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection.
๋‹จ์ผ ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, CRLM ํ™•์‚ฐ(๋นŒ๋กœ๋ฐ” ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋ฐ”)์ด RFS ๋ฐ CSS ๋น„์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นŒ๋กœ๋ฐ” CRLM์€ R0 ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,440,531
Does socioeconomic deprivation predict outcome following radial head and neck fractures?
{ "contexts": [ "There is increasing evidence demonstrating an association between fracture epidemiology and socioeconomic status. However, the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on fracture outcome has not been documented before. The aim of this study was to determine if socioeconomic deprivation influenced the short-term outcome following a fracture of the radial head or neck.", "We identified from a prospective database all patients who sustained a radial head or neck fracture over an 18-month period. The primary outcome measure for this study was the patient-reported short musculoskeletal function assessment (SMFA). The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was used to quantify deprivation, and any correlation with functional outcome was determined. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the influence of deprivation on outcome once other significant demographic and fracture characteristics had been accounted for.", "There were 200 patients in the study cohort, of which 107 (53.5%) were female and the mean age was 44 years (16-83). At a mean follow-up of 6 months the median SMFA score was 0.54 (0-55.4). The SMFA was found to be influenced by the IMD, with increasing deprivation associated with a poorer outcome (p=0.006). On multivariate analysis, the AO fracture classification, compensation and increasing deprivation were the only independent predictors of outcome (all p<0.05)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Fracture Fixation, Internal", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Patient-Centered Care", "Poverty", "Prognosis", "Radius Fractures", "Range of Motion, Articular", "Recovery of Function", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk Factors", "Scotland", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Treatment Outcome", "Young Adult" ] }
We have a shown a clear correlation between functional outcome and socioeconomic status, with the most deprived patients reporting a poorer outcome. Future work should be aimed at determining which aspects of deprivation influence patient outcome, with modifiable factors targeted in future health-care planning.
yes
pub_med_qa40010
[ { "content": "๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณจ์ ˆ ์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ๊ณจ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์š”๊ณจ๋‘๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๊ณจ๋‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์„ ์ž…์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์€ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ์งง์€ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€(SMFA)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ ์ง€์ˆ˜(IMD)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์—๋Š” 200๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 107๋ช…(53.5%)์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 44์„ธ(16-83์„ธ)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ SMFA ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ 0.54(0-55.4)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SMFA๋Š” IMD์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=0.006). ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ AO ๊ณจ์ ˆ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜, ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ชจ๋‘ p<0.05).", "role": "passage" } ]
We have a shown a clear correlation between functional outcome and socioeconomic status, with the most deprived patients reporting a poorer outcome. Future work should be aimed at determining which aspects of deprivation influence patient outcome, with modifiable factors targeted in future health-care planning.
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ƒํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ํ™˜์ž ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,429,000
Do gene expression profiles of phaeochromocytomas with ERBB2 overexpression reveal a new molecular mechanism tumourigenicity?
{ "contexts": [ "Phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) and functional paragangliomas (PGLs) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours. Although most PHEO/PGLs are benign, 10-35% present as (or develop into) malignant tumours with a poor prognosis. Overexpression of ERBB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2) has been reported to be associated with malignant PHEO. We used gene expression profiling of PHEO/PGLs to gain a better understanding of the tumourigenic pathways associated with ERBB2.", "We used the Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 Plus 2ยท0 genome-wide gene expression cDNA microarray of 18 PHEO/PGLs (12 benign and six malignant, divided into two groups depending on ERBB2 expression levels) to analyse the gene expression patterns.", "Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of transcription profiles of 18 samples identified two dominant expression clusters corresponding to samples belonging to the ERBB2+ and ERBB2- groups. According to the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases, the differentially expressed genes were classified into diverse functional categories and signalling pathways. In particular, the focal adhesion signalling pathway showed significant differences between the groups; specifically, the FAK-Src-MAPK pathway was prominently activated in the ERBB2+ group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adrenal Gland Neoplasms", "Adult", "Aged", "Female", "Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Genes, erbB-2", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Models, Biological", "Paraganglioma", "Pheochromocytoma", "Signal Transduction", "Young Adult" ] }
In summary, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGLs have a distinct expression pattern compared with the ERBB2- group. The focal adhesion signalling pathway may participate in ERBB2-induced tumourigenesis in PHEO/PGLs.
yes
pub_med_qa40011
[ { "content": "ERBB2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ์„ธํฌ์ข…์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์ž ๊ธฐ์ „ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํŽ˜์˜คํฌ๋กœ๋ชจ์‹œํ† ๋งˆ(PHEO)์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๊ต์„ธํฌ์ข…(PGL)์€ ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ์•„๋ฏผ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ์ข…์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ PHEO/PGL์€ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, 10-35%๋Š” ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ERBB2(v-erb-b ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ข…์–‘ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ƒ๋™์ฒด 2)์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์•…์„ฑ PHEO์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ERBB2์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PHEO/PGL์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 Plus 2ยท0 ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ „์ฒด ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ cDNA ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 18๊ฐœ์˜ PHEO/PGL(12๊ฐœ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์•…์„ฑ, ERBB2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n18๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ง€๋„ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ERBB2+ ๋ฐ ERBB2- ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์šฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „์ž ์˜จํ†จ๋กœ์ง€(GO) ๋ฐ ๊ตํ†  ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „(KEGG)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ FAK-Src-MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ERBB2+ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In summary, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGLs have a distinct expression pattern compared with the ERBB2- group. The focal adhesion signalling pathway may participate in ERBB2-induced tumourigenesis in PHEO/PGLs.
์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGL์€ ERBB2- ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์†Œ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” PHEO/PGL์—์„œ ERBB2์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,425,051
Is prospective tracking of pediatric urology consults : knowing half the battle?
{ "contexts": [ "The planned clinical activity of pediatric urologists has been well described. However, little is known about nonscheduled work (eg consultation requests). We describe the unplanned clinical activity of pediatric urologists at a high volume academic medical center.", "Demographic data regarding inpatient, operating room and emergency department pediatric urology consults were prospectively entered into an internal database. Consults from July 2008 through June 2010 underwent retrospective chart abstraction to identify reasons for consultation. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to evaluate 1) temporal trends in unplanned clinical activity, and 2) patient and service specific factors associated with whether a consult was billable (ie seen by attending physician within 24 hours).", "During the study period 665 pediatric consults were obtained. Mean ยฑ SD patient age was 8.4 ยฑ 7.7 years. Nearly all consults were seen at the emergency department (51%) or the inpatient wards (47%). The most common primary diagnoses were infection, obstruction/hydronephrosis and neurogenic bladder. The number of consults per month decreased during the course of the academic year (r(2) = 0.1422). Nearly three fourths of consults were eligible for billing. The factors associated with consult eligibility for billing included specific attending physician (p = 0.03), location (p <0.0001) and house officer experience (p = 0.007)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Academic Medical Centers", "Adolescent", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Emergency Service, Hospital", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Medical Staff, Hospital", "Michigan", "Multivariate Analysis", "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", "Referral and Consultation", "Urology", "Urology Department, Hospital", "Workload", "Young Adult" ] }
At our academic pediatric hospital we averaged nearly 1 unplanned pediatric urology consult per day. Several service specific factors (unrelated to patient diagnosis or acuity) were associated with whether the consult had the potential to generate revenue. Unplanned clinical activity is an important factor to consider when planning departmental funding, staffing and training.
yes
pub_med_qa40012
[ { "content": "์†Œ์•„ ๋น„๋‡จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์˜ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ์ถ”์ : ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ธ์›€์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์†Œ์•„ ๋น„๋‡จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—…๋ฌด(์˜ˆ: ์ƒ๋‹ด ์š”์ฒญ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ•™์ˆ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ์•„ ๋น„๋‡จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ž…์› ํ™˜์ž, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค ๋ฐ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์†Œ์•„ ๋น„๋‡จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด์€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์˜ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์ฐจํŠธ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1) ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ถ”์„ธ, 2) ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํŠน์ • ์š”์ธ(24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 665๊ฑด์˜ ์†Œ์•„ ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ยฑ SD ํ™˜์ž ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 8.4 ยฑ 7.7์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค(51%) ๋˜๋Š” ์ž…์› ๋ณ‘๋™(47%)์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ์ง„๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ, ํ์‡„/์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋™์•ˆ ์›” ์ƒ๋‹ด ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(r(2) = 0.1422). ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 3์˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ์น˜์˜(p = 0.03), ์œ„์น˜(p < 0.0001) ๋ฐ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์˜คํ”ผ์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ(p = 0.007)์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
At our academic pediatric hospital we averaged nearly 1 unplanned pediatric urology consult per day. Several service specific factors (unrelated to patient diagnosis or acuity) were associated with whether the consult had the potential to generate revenue. Unplanned clinical activity is an important factor to consider when planning departmental funding, staffing and training.
์ €ํฌ ํ•™์ˆ  ์†Œ์•„๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1๊ฑด์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์†Œ์•„ ๋น„๋‡จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ณ„ ์š”์ธ(ํ™˜์ž ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€)์ด ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋ถ€์„œ๋ณ„ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›, ์ธ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,440,482
Is depression improvement related to social role functioning after stroke?
{ "contexts": [ "To (1) examine the relationships between baseline demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics and social role functioning (SRF) at 4 months after stroke, and (2) assess whether depression improvement is associated with 4-month SRF.", "We completed a secondary data analysis using data from a completed cohort study including people with stroke with or without depression. We used multiple linear regression to identify variables independently associated with 12-week SRF.", "Hospital and patients' homes. The intervention was via phone calls.", "People with a new stroke recruited during the inpatient stay (N=371, depressed only n=176). All survived an ischemic stroke, were 18 years and older, spoke and understood English, owned a telephone, had no severe language or cognitive impairments, and were expected to live at least 6 months.", "Not applicable.", "We measured depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and depression improvement was defined by a 50% decrease in PHQ-9 scores from baseline to 12 weeks or a 12-week PHQ-9 score <10. SRF was measured with the social domain of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale.", "Depression and comorbidities were found to be independently associated with 12-week SRF. Importantly, depression response (or depression improvement) was the only variable to independently predict SRF in the depressed-only group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Activities of Daily Living", "Age Distribution", "Aged", "Databases, Factual", "Depressive Disorder", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Interpersonal Relations", "Linear Models", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Multivariate Analysis", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Physical Therapy Modalities", "Quality of Life", "Risk Assessment", "Severity of Illness Index", "Sex Distribution", "Sickness Impact Profile", "Social Adjustment", "Stroke", "Stroke Rehabilitation", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Survivors", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression.
yes
pub_med_qa40013
[ { "content": "๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ›„ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n(1) ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ›„ 4๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ , ์ž„์ƒ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(SRF) ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , (2) ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ ์˜ SRF์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์„ ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 12์ฃผ SRF์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘. ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž(N=371๋ช…, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋งŒ n=176)๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๊ณ , 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์†Œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\nํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n6)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€-9(PHQ-9)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜์—์„œ 12์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” 12์ฃผ PHQ-9 ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 10์  ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ 50% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SRF๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํŠนํ™” ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n7)\n์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์€ 12์ฃผ SRF์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘(๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„ )์ด ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ SRF๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression.
์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ์ƒ์กด์ž ์ค‘ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ SRF ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ›„ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,429,613
Does microRNA profiling of hepatocarcinogenesis identify C19MC cluster as a novel prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma?
{ "contexts": [ "Progressive hepatocarcinogenesis is a stepwise process that drives liver transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms of early liver transformation are far from clear. A role for microRNAs (miRNA) as diagnostic and prognostic factors in human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is promising. We aimed to identify novel miRNA as biomarkers for differential diagnosis and predictors of disease progression.", "We used a low-density array platform to profile the expression of 664 mature miRNA in a cohort of 60 hepatitis C virus-positive liver lesions representative of all stages of progressive hepatocarcinogenesis. We validated selected miRNA in two independent patient series by qPCR and we characterized the genomic status of the miRNA cluster C19MC by fluorescent in situ hybridization and copy-number variation analyses.", "A 18-miRNA signature distinguished cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules and HCC lesions. Four miRNAs overexpressed in HCCs belonged to chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC). Significant overexpression of C19MC in early HCC compared to dysplastic nodules could be confirmed in a second series of hepatitis B virus-related liver lesions (nย =ย 30). In a third series of 61 HCCs, C19MC cluster was overexpressed in HCCs compared to matched cirrhotic parenchyma and regardless of the type of viral infection. High C19MC miRNA levels were correlated with poor clinico-pathological features, increased risk of tumour recurrence and shorter overall survival time. HCCs overexpressing the C19MC cluster showed genetic amplification of the corresponding locus." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }
C19MC cluster is a novel molecular alteration characteristic of liver cancer and predictor of poor prognosis. C19MC is an attractive candidate for novel HCC therapies.
yes
pub_med_qa40014
[ { "content": "๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœRNA ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์—์„œ C19MC ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆํ›„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•„์ง ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”(HCC)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆํ›„ ์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœRNA(miRNA)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด miRNA๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ง„ํ–‰์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” 60๊ฐœ์˜ Cํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์–‘์„ฑ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์—์„œ 664๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ miRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ™˜์ž ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ๋œ miRNA๋ฅผ qPCR๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜•๊ด‘ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ˜ผ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ œ ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด miRNA ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ C19MC์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n18-miRNA ์‹œ๊ทธ๋‹ˆ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ฆ, ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ 4๊ฐœ์˜ miRNA๋Š” ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด 19 miRNA ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(C19MC)์— ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ(n = 30)์—์„œ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์—์„œ C19MC์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 61๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ ์‹ค์งˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์—์„œ C19MC ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ C19MC miRNA ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ข…์–‘ ์žฌ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. C19MC ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฆํญ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
C19MC cluster is a novel molecular alteration characteristic of liver cancer and predictor of poor prognosis. C19MC is an attractive candidate for novel HCC therapies.
C19MC ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์•”์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์ž ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. C19MC๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ›„๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,445,519
Are bodybuilding , energy , and weight-loss supplements associated with deployment and physical activity in U.S. military personnel?
{ "contexts": [ "The characteristics of U.S. military personnel who use dietary supplements have not been well described. This study aimed to determine whether deployment experience and physical activity were associated with the use of bodybuilding, energy, or weight-loss supplement among U.S. military personnel.", "Self-reported data from active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard participants of the Millennium Cohort Study collected from 2007-2008 (n = 106,698) on supplement use, physical activity, and other behavioral data were linked with deployment and demographic data. We used multivariable logistic regression sex-stratified models to compare the adjusted odds of each type of supplement use among those with deployment experience in support of operations in Iraq or Afghanistan and those engaged in aerobic or strength-training activities.", "Overall, 46.7% of participants reported using at least one type of supplement, and 22.0% reported using multiple supplements. Male deployers were more likely to use bodybuilding supplements, whereas female deployers were more likely to use weight-loss supplements. Physically active and younger subjects reported all types of supplement use. Men and women reporting 5 or less hours of sleep per night were more likely to use energy supplements." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Age Factors", "Anti-Obesity Agents", "Cohort Studies", "Dietary Supplements", "Energy Drinks", "Exercise", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Military Personnel", "Prevalence", "Resistance Training", "Sex Factors", "Sleep Wake Disorders", "United States", "Weight Loss", "Young Adult" ] }
The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring.
yes
pub_med_qa40015
[ { "content": "๋ณด๋””๋นŒ๋”ฉ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‹์ด ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ณด๋””๋นŒ๋”ฉ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(n = 106,698)์˜ ํ˜„์—ญ, ์˜ˆ๋น„๊ตฐ, ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ตฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ์„ฑ strat ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ™œ๋™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 46.7%์˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 22.0%๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ž๋Š” ๋ณด๋””๋นŒ๋”ฉ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ž๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์™€ ์ Š์€ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์— 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring.
๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘˜ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,433,290
Is plasma diamine oxidase activity a useful biomarker for evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities during chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs in patients with gastric cancer?
{ "contexts": [ "Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation and is highly active in the mature upper villus cells of the intestinal mucosa. This study sought to evaluate plasma DAO activities during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer.", "We investigated 20 patients with gastric cancer who were treated with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs as adjuvant chemotherapy. Plasma DAO activity was measured in all patients before chemotherapy and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and quality of life was evaluated simultaneously.", "The median DAO activity after 4 weeks of chemotherapy was significantly decreased compared to the pre-chemotherapy levels (6.6 vs. 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). The changes in the rate of DAO activity at 2 and 6 weeks following the start of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal tract toxicity were significantly lower than in those without toxicity (p =0.021 and 0.047, respectively). The patient cohort showed a slightly positive correlation between DAO activity and global health status and a negative correlation between DAO activity and appetite loss." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Oral", "Adult", "Aged", "Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)", "Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Female", "Fluorouracil", "Gastrointestinal Tract", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Prognosis", "Prospective Studies", "Quality of Life", "Stomach Neoplasms" ] }
Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer.
yes
pub_med_qa40016
[ { "content": "ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋””์•„๋ฏผ ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์œ„์•” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋””์•„๋ฏผ ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ(DAO)๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ ์žฅ ์ ๋ง‰์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ„์•” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ์œ„์•” ํ™˜์ž 20๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ „๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 2์ฃผ, 4์ฃผ, 6์ฃผ์— ํ˜ˆ์žฅ DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n4์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ํ›„ DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(6.6 ๋Œ€ 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 2์ฃผ์™€ 6์ฃผ ์‹œ์ ์˜ DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ p = 0.021 ๋ฐ 0.047). ํ™˜์ž ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ๋Š” DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€, DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹์š• ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer.
ํ˜ˆ์žฅ DAO ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ์œ„์•” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์œ ๋ผ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,439,862
Are magnetic nanoparticles in primary neural cell cultures mainly taken up by microglia?
{ "contexts": [ "Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a large range of applications in life sciences. Applications in neurosciences are one focus of interest. Unfortunately, not all groups have access to nanoparticles or the possibility to develop and produce them for their applications. Hence, they have to focus on commercially available particles. Little is known about the uptake of nanoparticles in primary cells. Previously studies mostly reported cellular uptake in cell lines. Here we present a systematic study on the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by primary cells of the nervous system.", "We assessed the internalization in different cell types with confocal and electron microscopy. The analysis confirmed the uptake of MNPs in the cells, probably with endocytotic mechanisms. Furthermore, we compared the uptake in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, which is often used as a neuronal cell model, with primary neuronal cells. It was found that the percentage of PC12 cells loaded with MNPs was significantly higher than for neurons. Uptake studies in primary mixed neuronal/glial cultures revealed predominant uptake of MNPs by microglia and an increase in their number. The number of astroglia and oligodendroglia which incorporated MNPs was lower and stable. Primary mixed Schwann cell/fibroblast cultures showed similar MNP uptake of both cell types, but the Schwann cell number decreased after MNP incubation. Organotypic co-cultures of spinal cord slices and peripheral nerve grafts resembled the results of the dispersed primary cell cultures." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Cells, Cultured", "Coculture Techniques", "Magnetics", "Microglia", "Microscopy, Confocal", "Nanoparticles", "Neurons", "PC12 Cells", "Rats" ] }
The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells.
yes
pub_med_qa40017
[ { "content": "์ผ์ฐจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์ž์„ฑ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž(MNP)๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์‘์šฉ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž…์ž์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ 1์ฐจ ์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž(MNP)์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๊ณต์ดˆ์  ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด MNPs์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฅ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์„ธํฌ์ข… ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ PC12 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฐจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MNPs๊ฐ€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ PC12 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ/์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ MNPs์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MNPs๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์•„์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ด๋“œ๋กœ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์Šˆ๋ฐ˜ ์„ธํฌ/์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์€ ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ MNP ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, MNP ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ํ›„ ์Šˆ๋ฐ˜ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์Šค์™€ ๋ง์ดˆ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐํ˜• ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ผ์ฐจ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells.
์ƒ์—…์šฉ MNPs๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ ์‹์„ธํฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด์  ํƒ€๊ฒŸํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PC12 ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ 1์ฐจ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ MNPs๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” PC12 ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํก์ˆ˜์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, PC12 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,428,801
Are supragastric belches the main determinants of troublesome belching symptoms in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?
{ "contexts": [ "Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently report excessive belching but it is not known what determines the severity of these complaints.", "To determine what causes troublesome belching symptoms in GERD patients.", "We included 90 consecutive patients who were referred for ambulatory 24-h pH-impedance measurement as part of the analysis of reflux symptoms. Overall severity of belching was reported by the patients using a 3-point scale. Furthermore, each belch perceived during the ambulatory measurement was reported by the patients using a symptom diary.", "No significant differences in frequency of gastric belches or combined liquid reflux and gastric belches were observed. However, the number of supragastric belches was significantly higher in patients with severe belching complaints compared to patients with moderate and none to mild complaints. Moreover, the number of supragastric belches which coincided with a liquid reflux episode was significantly higher in patients with severe complaints than in those with moderate and none to mild complaints. Per-patient analysis showed that belches coinciding with a liquid reflux event were more often symptomatic than isolated belches." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Eructation", "Esophageal pH Monitoring", "Female", "Gastroesophageal Reflux", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Severity of Illness Index", "Young Adult" ] }
The type of belch determines the burden of belching complaints in patients with GERD. Supragastric belches, not gastric belches determine the severity of belching complaints.
yes
pub_med_qa40018
[ { "content": "์œ„์‹๋„ ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์œ„์ƒ๋ถ€ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์„ฑ ํŠธ๋ฆผ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์œ„์‹๋„ ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์งˆํ™˜(GERD) ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nGERD ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆผ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ž˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ pH ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋ขฐ๋œ 90๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ 3์  ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ธก์ • ์ค‘์— ์ธ์ง€๋œ ๊ฐ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์€ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์œ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด ์—ญ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์œ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋นˆ๋„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๋ถ€ ํŠธ๋ฆผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด~๊ฒฝ์ฆ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ก์ฒด ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ๋ถ€ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด~๊ฒฝ์ฆ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์ฆ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ก์ฒด ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆผ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ํŠธ๋ฆผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The type of belch determines the burden of belching complaints in patients with GERD. Supragastric belches, not gastric belches determine the severity of belching complaints.
ํŠธ๋ฆผ ์œ ํ˜•์€ GERD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์œ„ ํŠธ๋ฆผ์ด ํŠธ๋ฆผ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,428,038
Is activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop involved in rapamycin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma?
{ "contexts": [ "Rapamycin is an attractive approach for the treatment and prevention of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. However, the objective response rates of rapamycin achieved with single-agent therapy were modest, supporting that rapamycin resistance is a frequently observed characteristic of many cancers. Some studies have been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of rapamycin resistance, however, the mechanisms are cell-type-dependent and studies on rapamycin resistance in HCC are extremely limited.", "The anti-tumor sensitivity of rapamycin was modest in vitro and in vivo. In both human and rat HCC cells, rapamycin up-regulated the expression and phosphorylation of PDGFRฮฒ in a time and dose-dependent manner as assessed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Using siRNA mediated knockdown of PDGFRฮฒ, we confirmed that subsequent activation of AKT and ERK was PDGFRฮฒ-dependent and compromised the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin. Then, blockade of this PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop by sorafenib enhanced the anti-tumor sensitivity of rapamycin in vitro and in an immunocompetent orthotopic rat model of HCC." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Blotting, Western", "Carcinoma, Hepatocellular", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Enzyme Activation", "Feedback, Physiological", "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic", "Gene Silencing", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Liver Neoplasms", "Male", "Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases", "Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt", "RNA, Small Interfering", "Rats", "Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Signal Transduction", "Sirolimus", "Tetrazolium Salts", "Thiazoles" ] }
Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop compromises the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin in HCC, and blockade of this feedback loop by sorafenib is an attractive approach to improve the anti-tumor effect of rapamycin, particularly in preventing or treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.
yes
pub_med_qa40019
[ { "content": "PDGFRฮฒ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ PI3K/AKT ๋ฐ MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์ข…์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ„ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”(HCC) ์žฌ๋ฐœ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์•ฝ์ œ ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฅ ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์•”์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ž„์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „๋…ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์„ธํฌ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”(HCC)์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทนํžˆ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ฅ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ RT-PCR ๋ฐ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด PDGFRฮฒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. siRNA ๋งค๊ฐœ PDGFRฮฒ์˜ ๋…น๋‹ค์šด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AKT์™€ ERK์˜ ํ›„์† ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ PDGFRฮฒ ์˜์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์†Œ๋ผํŽ˜๋‹™์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด PDGFRฮฒ ์˜์กด ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ HCC์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ ๊ฒฉ ์ง๊ต ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop compromises the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin in HCC, and blockade of this feedback loop by sorafenib is an attractive approach to improve the anti-tumor effect of rapamycin, particularly in preventing or treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.
PDGFRฮฒ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PI3K/AKT ๋ฐ MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์ข…(HCC)์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋ผํŽ˜๋‹™์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ด ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ„ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”์ข… ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,417,823
'm `` I afraid of those ones just 'cause they 've been prescribed '' : perceptions of risk among illicit users of pharmaceutical opioids?
{ "contexts": [ "There has been a rise in the illicit use of pharmaceutical opioids (\"pain pills\") in the United States. Conducted with young adult non-medical users of pharmaceutical opioids, this study uses qualitative methods and cultural consensus analysis to describe risk perceptions associated with pharmaceutical opioids and to determine patterns of cultural sharing and intra-cultural variation of these views.", "The qualitative sub-sample (n=47) was selected from a larger sample of 396 young adults (18-23 years old), who were participating in a natural history study of illicit pharmaceutical opioid use. Qualitative life history interviews, drug ranking task, and cultural consensus analysis were used to elicit participant views about risks and harms associated with pain pills and other drugs, as well as alcohol and tobacco.", "Cultural consensus analysis revealed that the participants shared a single cultural model of drug risks, but the level of agreement decreased with the increasing range of drugs ever used. Further, those with more extensive drug use histories differed from less \"experienced\" users in their views about OxyContin and some other drugs. Overall, pain pills were viewed as addicting and potentially deadly substances, but these properties were linked to the patterns and methods of use, as well as characteristics of an individual user. Further, risks associated with pharmaceutical opioids were further curtailed because they \"came from the doctor,\" and thus had a legitimate aspect to their use." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Consensus", "Cultural Characteristics", "Data Collection", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Models, Theoretical", "Opioid-Related Disorders", "Prescription Drugs", "Risk", "United States", "Young Adult" ] }
This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills.
no
pub_med_qa40020
[ { "content": "'์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ '์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‘๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ(\"ํ†ต์ฆ์ œ\")์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋น„์˜๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์งˆ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ณต์œ  ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋‚ด ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์งˆ์  ํ•˜์œ„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ(n=47)์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 396๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ(18~23์„ธ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ์  ์ƒ์• ์‚ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ œ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•ด์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ OxyContinue ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ \"๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š”\" ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ \"์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ\"์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ต์œก ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ž… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,429,179
Do video-based cases disrupt deep critical thinking in problem-based learning?
{ "contexts": [ "โ€‚ Video is a popular tool in problem-based learning (PBL), although its production requires resources and time. Few studies have examined the impact of the use of video in PBL upon cognitive processes and critical thinking. Those that have done focused on cases involving physical signs, where video has natural advantages.", "โ€‚ This study aimed to investigate preferences for video- or text-based cases and the effects of each format upon medical students' deep thinking in PBL. Tutorials were based on material portraying interviews with patients with conditions that include psychosocial elements but no physical signs.", "โ€‚ Four tutorial groups of students in a Year 2 endocrine and reproductive pathophysiology course participated in a crossover study using one video-based and one text-based case. Transcripts of tutorials were coded for depth of thinking by a blinded coder. A generalised estimating equation model was used to adjust for potential differences among groups, cases, and tutor participation. The distribution of cognitive activity within the crossover groups and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for deep versus superficial thinking were calculated. A prior cohort of 165 students and 18 tutors completed a survey of learning preferences.", "โ€‚ Of 5224 student utterances, the majority referred to problem exploration (2622, 50%) and description (1479, 28%). Overall, the odds of deep thinking versus superficial thinking were significantly lower using video-based cases compared with text-based cases (2045 deep/2454 for video versus 1961 deep/2218 for text; OR 0.663, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.582-0.754; pโ€ƒ<โ€ƒ0.0001). This was also true for the problem exploration domain (1217 deep/1365 for video versus 1178 deep/1257 for text; OR 0.559, 95% CI 0.355-0.882; pโ€ƒ=โ€ƒ0.0125). The majority of students (59%) and tutors (78%) indicated a preference for video-based cases over text-based cases." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Computer-Assisted Instruction", "Cross-Over Studies", "Education, Medical, Undergraduate", "Educational Measurement", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Patient Simulation", "Problem-Based Learning", "Regression Analysis", "Students, Medical", "Thinking", "Video Recording" ] }
โ€‚ Students and their tutors prefer video-based cases in PBL. However, compared with text-based material, the use of video-based material that refers to cases without dynamic physical signs is associated with a reduction in deep thinking.
yes
pub_med_qa40021
[ { "content": "๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
โ€‚ Students and their tutors prefer video-based cases in PBL. However, compared with text-based material, the use of video-based material that refers to cases without dynamic physical signs is associated with a reduction in deep thinking.
ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํŠœํ„ฐ๋Š” PBL์—์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™์  ์‹ ์ฒด ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,441,698
Does perfluorooctane sulfonate increase ฮฒ-oxidation of palmitic acid in chicken liver?
{ "contexts": [ "Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) belongs to a group of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl acids that have been extensively used in various applications such as stain and oil resistant treatments for fabrics, fire-fighting foams, and insecticides. These chemicals present an environmental and health risk being present in many samples both in wildlife and humans. In this study, we investigate the effect of PFOS on fatty acid ฮฒ-oxidation in developing chicken embryos.", "Fertilized chicken eggs were exposed in ovo to PFOS at day 4 of incubation. On day 10, the eggs were dissected and livers were incubated in vitro with (3)H-palmitic acid for 2 h. The media were collected, and after clean up, the amount of tritiated water was measured with liquid scintillation counting to determine the rate of palmitic acid ฮฒ-oxidation.", "PFOS was found to induce fatty acid ฮฒ-oxidation at doses starting from a lowest observed effect level (LOEL) of 0.1 ฮผg/g egg weight. Maximum induction of 77% compared to control was seen at 0.3 ฮผg/g." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alkanesulfonic Acids", "Animals", "Chick Embryo", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Fluorocarbons", "Liver", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Palmitic Acid", "Toxicity Tests" ] }
The administered doses in which effects are seen are around and even lower than the levels that can be found in wild populations of birds. General population human levels are a factor of two to three times lower than the LOEL value of this study. The environmental contamination of PFOS therefore presents a possibility of effects in wild populations of birds.
yes
pub_med_qa40022
[ { "content": "ํผํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์˜ฅํƒ„ ์„คํฐ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋‹ญ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํŒ”๋ฏธํŠธ์‚ฐ์˜ ฮฒ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํผํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์˜ฅํƒ„ ์„คํฐ์‚ฐ์—ผ(PFOS)์€ ํผํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ์•Œํ‚ฌ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง๋ฌผ, ์†Œํ™” ํผ, ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์˜ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์œ ์„ฑ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ค‘์ธ ๋‹ญ ๋ฐฐ์•„์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ฮฒ ์‚ฐํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ PFOS์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋‹ญ ์•Œ์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 4์ผ์งธ์— PFOS์— ๋‚œ์ž๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10์ผ์งธ์— ์•Œ์„ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์„ (3)H-ํŒ”๋ฏธํŠธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ฒ™ํ•œ ํ›„ ์•ก์ฒด ์„ฌ๊ด‘ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ผ์ค‘์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ”๋ฏธํŠธ์‚ฐ ฮฒ-์‚ฐํ™” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nPFOS๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€(LOEL)์ธ 0.1 ฮผg/g ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ฮฒ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 77%์˜ ์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ 0.3 ฮผg/g์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The administered doses in which effects are seen are around and even lower than the levels that can be found in wild populations of birds. General population human levels are a factor of two to three times lower than the LOEL value of this study. The environmental contamination of PFOS therefore presents a possibility of effects in wild populations of birds.
ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ LOEL ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค 2~3๋ฐฐ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ PFOS์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,440,891
Are infection-related hospitalizations associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases?
{ "contexts": [ "Serious infections are an important side effect of immunosuppressive therapy used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). There have been no nationally representative studies examining the spectrum of infection related hospitalizations in patients with IBD.", "Our study consisted of all adult CD and UC related hospitalizations from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2007, a national hospitalization database in the United States. We then identified all infection-related hospitalizations through codes for either the specific infections or disease processes (sepsis, pneumonia, etc.). Predictors of infections as well as the excess morbidity associated with infections were determined using multivariate regression models.", "There were an estimated 67,221 hospitalizations related to infections in IBD patients, comprising 27.5% of all IBD hospitalizations. On multivariate analysis, infections were independently associated with age, co-morbidity, malnutrition, TPN, and bowel surgery. Infection-related hospitalizations had a four-fold greater mortality (OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.7-5.2). However, this varied by type of infection with the strongest effect seen for sepsis (OR 15.3, 95% CI 12.4-18.6), pneumonia (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-4.5) and C. difficile (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.6-4.0), and weaker effects for urinary infections (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). Infections were also associated with an estimated 2.3 days excess hospital stay (95% CI 2.2-2.5) and $12,482 in hospitalization charges." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Age Factors", "Aged", "Clostridium Infections", "Clostridium difficile", "Colitis, Ulcerative", "Confidence Intervals", "Crohn Disease", "Female", "Hospital Mortality", "Hospitalization", "Humans", "Length of Stay", "Male", "Malnutrition", "Middle Aged", "Multivariate Analysis", "Odds Ratio", "Parenteral Nutrition, Total", "Pneumonia", "Risk Factors", "Sepsis", "Young Adult" ] }
Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk.
yes
pub_med_qa40023
[ { "content": "์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž…์›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž…์›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk.
๊ฐ์—ผ์€ IBD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ดํ™˜์œจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ณ ๋ น IBD ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ๋ ด, ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ Cํ˜• ๋””ํ”ผ์‹ค ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,417,945
Is the G894T polymorphism on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene associated with increased coronary heart disease among Asia population : evidence from a Meta analysis?
{ "contexts": [ "Growing studies have revealed the underlying association between eNOS 894G/T (rs1799983) polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) among Asia population. Results from these studies remained conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the overall CHD risk of eNOS 894G/T polymorphism regarding Asia population.", "Up to October 2011, databases including PubMed, Embase and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to access the relevant genetic association studies. Summary odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eNOS 894G/T polymorphism and CHD risk were estimated using fixed or random-effects models when appropriate.", "18 case-control studies with 2,994 cases and 3,130 controls were available for this study, including 13 studies of East-Asia descendents, 5 studies of Non East-Asian descendents. The mean T allele frequency was 0.111 in the East-Asia population and 0.147 in the Non East-Asia population, respectively. The summary OR for CHD associated with the T allele was 1.52 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI), 1.37-1.69) by random effects model. Similarly, significantly increased risks were observed in the East-Asia population (OR=1.54; 95%CI=1.35-1.76) and in the Non East-Asia population (OR=1.48; 95%CI=1.24-1.77), respectively." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Asia", "Asian Continental Ancestry Group", "Case-Control Studies", "Coronary Disease", "Genetic Association Studies", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Humans", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide" ] }
This meta-analysis indicated that eNOS 894G/T polymorphism may play an important role in CHD development among Asia population.
yes
pub_med_qa40024
[ { "content": "๋‚ดํ”ผ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ G894T ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ eNOS 894G/T(rs1799983) ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜(CHD) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ eNOS 894G/T ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ CHD ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2011๋…„ 10์›”๊นŒ์ง€ PubMed, Embase, CNKI(์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹ ์ธํ”„๋ผ)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ eNOS 894G/T ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ CHD ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น 95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(CI)์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 2,994๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ 3,130๊ฑด์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ›„์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 13๊ฑด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋น„๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ›„์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 5๊ฑด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  T ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 0.111๋ช…, ๋น„๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 0.147๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด T ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ CHD์˜ ์š”์•ฝ OR์€ 1.52(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(95%CI), 1.37-1.69)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ(OR=1.54; 95%CI=1.35-1.76)์™€ ๋น„๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ(OR=1.48; 95%CI=1.24-1.77)์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This meta-analysis indicated that eNOS 894G/T polymorphism may play an important role in CHD development among Asia population.
์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์€ eNOS 894G/T ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜(CHD) ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,424,294
Do leukotrienes inhibit early stages of HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived microglia-like cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Microglia are one of the main cell types to be productively infected by HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes such as LTC4 are some of the proinflammatory molecules produced in infected individuals that contribute to neuroinflammation. We therefore sought to investigate the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in HIV-1 infection of microglial cells.", "To evaluate the role of LTs on HIV-1 infection in the CNS, monocyte-derived microglial-like cells (MDMis) were utilized in this study. Leukotriene-treated MDMis were infected with either fully replicative brain-derived HIV-1 isolates (YU2) or R5-tropic luciferase-encoding particles in order to assess viral production and expression. The efficacy of various steps of the replication cycle was evaluated by means of p24 quantification by ELISA, luciferase activity determination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).", "We report in this study that virus replication is reduced upon treatment of MDMis with LTB4 and LTC4. Additional experiments indicate that these proinflammatory molecules alter the pH-independent entry and early post-fusion events of the viral life cycle. Indeed, LT treatment induced a diminution in integrated proviral DNA while reverse-transcribed viral products remained unaffected. Furthermore, decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) surface expression was observed in LT-treated MDMis. Finally, the effect of LTs on HIV-1 infection in MDMis appears to be mediated partly via a signal transduction pathway involving protein kinase C." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Brain", "Cells, Cultured", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Flow Cytometry", "Gene Expression Regulation, Viral", "HIV Infections", "HIV-1", "Humans", "Leukotriene B4", "Microglia", "Substance P", "Transfection" ] }
These data show for the first time that LTs influence microglial cell infection by HIV-1, and may be a factor in the control of viral load in the CNS.
yes
pub_med_qa40025
[ { "content": "๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”์€ ๋‹จํ•ต๊ตฌ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„(CNS)์—์„œ HIV-1์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์„ธํฌ ์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—” B4(LTB4)์™€ LTC4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ๋‹-๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ผ์ฆ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์˜ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์—ผ์—์„œ ๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”(LTs)์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ LTs์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จํ•ต๊ตฌ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„ธํฌ(MDMIS)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ MDMis๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์œ ๋ž˜ HIV-1 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ฃผ(YU2) ๋˜๋Š” R5-ํŠธ๋กœํ”ฝ ๋ฃจ์‹œํผ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ์ž…์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์€ ELISA์— ์˜ํ•œ p24 ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”, ๋ฃจ์‹œํผ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘(RT-PCR)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” LTB4์™€ LTC4๋กœ MDMis๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ pH ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ง„์ž… ๋ฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์œตํ•ฉ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ LT ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค DNA์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, LT ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ MDMis์—์„œ C-C ์ผ€๋ชจ์นด์ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด 5ํ˜•(CCR5) ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, MDMis์—์„œ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ LT์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ C๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These data show for the first time that LTs influence microglial cell infection by HIV-1, and may be a factor in the control of viral load in the CNS.
์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ LT๊ฐ€ HIV-1์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,424,291
Is gCS overexpression associated with multidrug resistance of human HCT-8 colon cancer cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Multidrug resistance is one of the main impediments to the successful treatment of colon cancer. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) which is related to multidrug resistance (MDR) can reduce the level of ceramide and can help cells escape from the ceramide-induced cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.", "The cell proliferation and cell toxicity were measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The mRNA levels of GCS and MDR1 were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR amplification, the protein levels of GCS, caspase-3 and P-gp proteins were indicated by Western blotting. The apoptosis rates of cells were measured with flow cytometry.", "The relative mRNA levels of GCS in HCT-8, HCT-8/VCR, HCT-8/VCR- sh-mock and HCT-8/VCR-sh-GCS were 71.4 ยฑ 1.1%, 95.1 ยฑ 1.2%, 98.2 ยฑ 1.5%, and 66.6 ยฑ 2.1% respectively. The mRNA levels of MDR1 were respectively 61.3 ยฑ 1.1%, 90.5 ยฑ 1.4%, 97.6 ยฑ 2.2% and 56.1 ยฑ 1.2%. The IC50 of Cisplatin complexes were respectively 69.070 ยฑ 0.253 ฮผg/ml, 312.050 ยฑ 1.46 ฮผg/ml, 328.741 ยฑ 5.648 ฮผg/ml, 150.792 ยฑ 0.967 ฮผg/ml in HCT-8, HCT-8/VCR, HCT-8/VCR-sh-mock and HCT-8/VCR-sh-GCS. The protein levels of caspase-3 were 34.2 ยฑ o.6%, 93.0 ยฑ 0.7%, 109.09 ยฑ 0.7%, 42.7 ยฑ 1.3% respectively. The apoptosis rates of cells were 8.77 ยฑ 0.14%, 12.75 ยฑ 0.54%, 15.39 ยฑ 0.41% and 8.49 ยฑ 0.23% respectively." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Apoptosis", "Caspase 3", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Proliferation", "Cisplatin", "Colonic Neoplasms", "Drug Resistance, Multiple", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Gene Expression", "Glucosyltransferases", "Humans", "RNA Interference", "RNA, Messenger", "Vincristine" ] }
In conclusion, our research indicated that suppression of GCS restores the sensitivity of multidrug resistance colon cancer cells to drug treatment.
yes
pub_med_qa40026
[ { "content": "gCS ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ HCT-8 ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "gCS ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ HCT-8 ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
In conclusion, our research indicated that suppression of GCS restores the sensitivity of multidrug resistance colon cancer cells to drug treatment.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” GCS ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,422,563
Do cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample?
{ "contexts": [ "The researchers investigated the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety symptoms, and examined whether this relation is mediated by cognitive appraisals commonly associated with social anxiety.", "Ninety-eight individuals diagnosed with social phobia.", "Using a cross-sectional design, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were used to test the study hypotheses.", "Mindfulness was negatively related to symptoms of social anxiety. This relation was partially mediated by cognitive appraisals about the likelihood and cost of a negative social outcome." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Cognition", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Least-Squares Analysis", "Male", "Meditation", "Middle Aged", "Phobic Disorders", "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "Psychological Tests", "Young Adult" ] }
Further research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals.
yes
pub_med_qa40027
[ { "content": "์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ž„์ƒ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ”ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 98๋ช….\n\n3)\nํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŠธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ž˜ํ•‘ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Further research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…๋‹จ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,426,130
Is pDGF-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited by heme oxygenase-1 via VEGFR2 upregulation and subsequent assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ heterodimers?
{ "contexts": [ "In cardiovascular regulation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. However, the effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration remains unclear. We aim to elucidate the mechanism by which HO-1 regulates PDGFBB-induced VSMC migration.", "Transduction of HO-1 cDNA adenoviral vector severely impeded human VSMC migration in a scratch, transmembrane, and directional migration assay in response to PDGFBB stimulation. Similarly, HO-1 overexpression in the remodeling process during murine retinal vasculature development attenuated VSMC coverage over the major arterial branches as compared with sham vector-transduced eyes. HO-1 expression in VSMCs significantly upregulated VEGFA and VEGFR2 expression, which subsequently promoted the formation of inactive PDGFRฮฒ/VEGFR2 complexes. This compromised PDGFRฮฒ phosphorylation and impeded the downstream cascade of FAK-p38 signaling. siRNA-mediated silencing of VEGFA or VEGFR2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Cell Movement", "Cell Proliferation", "Heme Oxygenase-1", "Humans", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular", "Platelet-Derived Growth Factor", "RNA, Messenger", "Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta", "Signal Transduction", "Up-Regulation", "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2" ] }
These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRฮฒ signaling.
yes
pub_med_qa40028
[ { "content": "ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ pDGF ์œ ๋„ ์ด๋™์ด VEGFR2 ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ ์ด์ข…์ดํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ—ด ์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ-1์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์กฐ์ ˆ์—์„œ ํ—ด ์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ-1(HO-1) ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ G1/S ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ(VSMC) ์ฆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ HO-1์ด VSMC ์ด๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์•„์ง ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” HO-1์ด PDGFBB์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ VSMC ์ด๋™์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nHO-1 cDNA ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ PDGFBB ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜์น˜, ๋ง‰ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ด๋™ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ VSMC์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ฅ์˜ ๋ง๋ง‰ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ HO-1 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ VSMC์˜ ์ปค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. VSMC์—์„œ HO-1 ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ VEGFA์™€ VEGFR2 ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ PDGFRฮฒ/VEGFR2 ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” PDGFRฮฒ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  FAK-p38 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์šด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ ์บ์Šค์ผ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. VEGFA ๋˜๋Š” VEGFR2์˜ siRNA ๋งค๊ฐœ ์นจ๋ฌต์€ VSMC ์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ HO-1์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ญ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRฮฒ signaling.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ VSMC์—์„œ HO-1์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•ญ์ด์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” VEGFA์™€ VEGFR2์˜ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ PDGFRฮฒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,433,786
Does combined medical and surgical therapy improve olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis?
{ "contexts": [ "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of combined oral steroid, nasal steroid and surgical therapy in patients with impaired olfaction due to nasal polyposis.", "This prospective observational study was undertaken in the otolaryngology department of a university hospital. During the study, 19 nasal polyposis patients were evaluated three times, i.e. before oral steroid therapy, before surgery (after steroid therapy) and after surgery, with smell identification tests, acoustic rhinometry, subjective smell score, endoscopic grading and a visual analog scale for nasal obstruction.", "All subjective and objective measures were significantly improved after medical and surgical therapy (p < 0.01). The median smell identification score improved from 2 (interquartile range 0-4) to 5 (interquartile range 4-7) after combined therapy. Smell identification scores were found to be modestly correlated with all other examination findings." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Oral", "Adult", "Aged", "Combined Modality Therapy", "Endoscopy", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Nasal Polyps", "Olfaction Disorders", "Preoperative Care", "Prospective Studies", "Recovery of Function", "Rhinometry, Acoustic", "Smell", "Steroids", "Young Adult" ] }
Combined therapy seems efficient in improving smell identification scores of nasal polyposis patients.
yes
pub_med_qa40029
[ { "content": "์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๊ฐ• ์šฉ์ข…์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ›„๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ• ์šฉ์ข…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ›„๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ, ๋น„๊ฐ• ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์ด๋น„์ธํ›„๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 19๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ• ์šฉ์ข…์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „(์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„), ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์‹๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์Œํ–ฅ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํ›„๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜, ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ฐ• ํ์‡„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p < 0.01). ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ›„๊ฐ ์‹๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ 2(์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 0-4)์—์„œ 5(์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4-7)๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ฐ ์‹๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Combined therapy seems efficient in improving smell identification scores of nasal polyposis patients.
๋ณ‘์šฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„๊ฐ• ์šฉ์ข…์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ›„๊ฐ ์‹๋ณ„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,417,489
Are lipid and cholesterol oxidation in chicken meat inhibited by sage but not by garlic?
{ "contexts": [ "The effects of the addition of sage and garlic in chicken meat on lipid and cholesterol oxidation, having as prooxidant factors the addition of salt, thermal treatment, and frozen storage, were evaluated. The content of unsaturated fatty acids did not change in the presence of sage; on the contrary, with garlic, the content of these fatty acids decreased after cooking and storage. Hexanal and pentanal contents were lower in patties containing sage, and higher in those with garlic. The 7-ketocholesterol was the cholesterol oxide found in higher amount in raw chicken on day 0, while the formation of 7ฮฒ- and 7ฮฑ-hydroxycholesterol was verified only from day 30 on. Cooking and storage resulted in increase of total cholesterol oxides and decrease of ฮฑ- and ฮณ-tocopherol. Sage was effective in controlling lipid and cholesterol oxidation, minimizing the prooxidant effects of salt, cooking, and storage. However, garlic presented no effect as antioxidant and accelerated lipid oxidation." ], "labels": [ "UNLABELLED" ], "meshes": [ "Aldehydes", "Animals", "Antioxidants", "Chickens", "Dietary Fats", "Dietary Fats, Unsaturated", "Food Preservatives", "Frozen Foods", "Garlic", "Hot Temperature", "Hydroxycholesterols", "Ketocholesterols", "Lipid Peroxidation", "Meat Products", "Salvia officinalis", "Sodium Chloride, Dietary", "Spices", "Stereoisomerism", "Tocopherols" ] }
The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer.
yes
pub_med_qa40030
[ { "content": "๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง€์งˆ๊ณผ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์‚ฐํ™”๋Š” ์„ธ์ด์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋Š˜์—๋Š” ์–ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์„ธ์ด์ง€์™€ ๋งˆ๋Š˜์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ผ๋ถ„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€, ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์‚ฐํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์„ธ์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งˆ๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ ํ›„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ฅ์‚ฌ๋‚ ๊ณผ ํŽœํƒ€๋‚  ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์„ธ์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ํŒจํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Š˜์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ํŒจํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 7-์ผ€ํ† ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์€ 0์ผ์งธ์— ์ƒ๋‹ญ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 7ฮฒ ๋ฐ 7ฮฑ-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ 30์ผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋งŒ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ฮฑ- ๋ฐ ฮณ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€์˜ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋Š˜์€ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์งˆ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer.
๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์„ธ์ด์ง€(0.1g/100g)๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด๊ด€ ์‹œ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜์–‘ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์งˆ ์‚ฐํ™”์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ณผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์–‘๋…ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋Š˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์งˆ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,425,822
Does combining xenon and mild therapeutic hypothermia preserve neurological function after prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs?
{ "contexts": [ "Despite the introduction of mild therapeutic hypothermia into postcardiac arrest care, cerebral and myocardial injuries represent the limiting factors for survival after cardiac arrest. Administering xenon may confer an additional neuroprotective effect after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to its ability to stabilize cellular calcium homeostasis via N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonism.", "In a porcine model, we evaluated effects of xenon treatment in addition to therapeutic hypothermia on neuropathologic and functional outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.", "Prospective, randomized, laboratory animal study.", "Fifteen male pigs.", "Following 10 mins of cardiac arrest and 6 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ten pigs were randomized to receive either mild therapeutic hypothermia (33ยฐC for 16 hrs) or mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon (70% for 1 hr). Five animals served as normothermic controls.", "Gross hemodynamic variables were measured using right-heart catheterization. Neurocognitive performance was evaluated for 5 days after cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a neurologic deficit score before the brains were harvested for histopathological analysis. All animals survived the observation period in the mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon group while one animal in each of the other two groups died. Mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon preserved cardiac output during the induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia significantly better than did mild therapeutic hypothermia alone (4.6 6 0.6 L/min vs. 3.2 6 1.6 L/min, p # .05). Both treatment groups showed significantly fewer necrotic lesions in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and in hippocampal sectors CA1 and CA3/4. However, only the combination of mild therapeutic hypothermia and xenon resulted in reduced astrogliosis in the CA1 sector and diminished microgliosis and perivascular inflammation in the putamen. Clinically, only the mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon-treated animals showed significantly improved neurologic deficit scores over time (day 1 = 59.0 6 27.0 vs. day 5 = 4.0 6 5.5, p รธ .05) as well as in comparison to the untreated controls on days 3 through 5 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Inhalation", "Animals", "Brain", "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", "Disease Models, Animal", "Heart Arrest", "Hypothermia, Induced", "Hypoxia, Brain", "Male", "Neuroprotective Agents", "Swine", "Xenon" ] }
These results demonstrate that even a short exposure to xenon during induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia results in significant improvements in functional recovery and ameliorated myocardial dysfunction.
yes
pub_med_qa40031
[ { "content": "์ œ๋…ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์ €์ฒด์˜จ์ฆ์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹ฌ์ •์ง€ ํ›„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ œ๋…ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์ €์ฒด์˜จ์ฆ์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹ฌ์ •์ง€ ํ›„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
These results demonstrate that even a short exposure to xenon during induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia results in significant improvements in functional recovery and ameliorated myocardial dysfunction.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ €์ฒด์˜จ์ฆ ์œ ๋„ ์ค‘ ์ œ๋…ผ์— ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,425,820
Do both high level pressure support ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation induce diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy?
{ "contexts": [ "Previous workers have demonstrated that controlled mechanical ventilation results in diaphragm inactivity and elicits a rapid development of diaphragm weakness as a result of both contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy. Limited data exist regarding the impact of pressure support ventilation, a commonly used mode of mechanical ventilation-that permits partial mechanical activity of the diaphragm-on diaphragm structure and function. We carried out the present study to test the hypothesis that high-level pressure support ventilation decreases the diaphragm pathology associated with CMV.", "Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups:1) control (no mechanical ventilation); 2) 12 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (12CMV); 3) 18 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (18CMV); 4) 12 hrs of pressure support ventilation (12PSV); or 5) 18 hrs of pressure support ventilation (18PSV).", "We carried out the following measurements on diaphragm specimens: 4-hydroxynonenal-a marker of oxidative stress, active caspase-3 (casp-3), active calpain-1 (calp-1), fiber type cross-sectional area, and specific force (sp F). Compared with the control, both 12PSV and 18PSV promoted a significant decrement in diaphragmatic specific force production, but to a lesser degree than 12CMV and 18CMV. Furthermore, 12CMV, 18PSV, and 18CMV resulted in significant atrophy in all diaphragm fiber types as well as significant increases in a biomarker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal) and increased proteolytic activity (20S proteasome, calpain-1, and caspase-3). Furthermore, although no inspiratory effort occurs during controlled mechanical ventilation, it was observed that pressure support ventilation resulted in large decrement, approximately 96%, in inspiratory effort compared with spontaneously breathing animals." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aldehydes", "Animals", "Calpain", "Caspase 3", "Cytokines", "Diaphragm", "Interactive Ventilatory Support", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscular Atrophy", "Oxidative Stress", "Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Respiration, Artificial" ] }
High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation.
yes
pub_med_qa40032
[ { "content": "๊ณ ์•• ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํšก๊ฒฉ๋ง‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์œ„์ถ•์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ์ด ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ• ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์„ฌ์œ  ์œ„์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ์•ฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ์˜จ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ CMV์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์Šคํ”„๋ผ๊ทธ-๋‹ค์šธ๋ฆฌ ์ฅ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 1) ํ†ต์ œ(๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์—†์Œ); 2) ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ(12CMV); 3) ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ(18CMV); 4) ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ(12PSV); ๋˜๋Š” 5) ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ(18PSV).\n\n3)\n๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธก์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋งˆ์ปค์ธ 4-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋…ธ๋„ค๋‚ , ํ™œ์„ฑ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ์ œ-3(casp-3), ํ™œ์„ฑ ์นผํŽ˜์ธ-1(calp-1), ์„ฌ์œ ํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ , ๋น„๋ ฅ(spF). ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 12PSV์™€ 18PSV ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 12CMV์™€ 18CMV๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, 12CMV, 18PSV ๋ฐ 18CMV๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํ”„๋žจ ์„ฌ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์œ„์ถ•์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค(4-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋…ธ๋„ค๋‚ )๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(20S ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ข€, ์นผํŽ˜์ธ-1 ๋ฐ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ์ œ-3). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ํก๊ธฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํก๊ธฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝ 96% ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation.
๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํšก๊ฒฉ๋ง‰ ์œ„์ถ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถ• ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์••๋ ฅ ์ง€์ง€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํšก๊ฒฉ๋ง‰ ์œ„์ถ•๊ณผ ์•ฝํ™”๋Š” ํšก๊ฒฉ๋ง‰ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,420,170
Is deletion allele of the ACE gene a risk factor for asthma predisposition?
{ "contexts": [ "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has an important role in inactivation of bradykinin and tachykinins which known as powerful bronchoconstrictors. It has been demonstrated that an insertion (1)/deletion (D) genetic variations within the ACE gene greatly influence the plasma level of ACE.", "The aim of the present study was to determine the frequencies of ACE D and I alleles and ACE DD, DI and II genotypes in asthmatic patients and controls with Iranian Azeri-Turkish origin and to compare the frequency of the ACE genotypes between asthmatic patients and controls.", "We genotyped 212 healthy controls including 73 males and 138 females, as well as 62 patients with asthma, including 28 males and 34 females by PCR.", "Of the 212 healthy controls: 1) the prevalence of DD, DI, and II genotypes were 83(39.151), 92(43.396) and 37(17.453), respectively. 2) the frequency (%) was 257(60.9)for D allele and 165(39.1 )for II allele. 3) D and II allele frequencies were 0.61 and 0.39 respectively. Of the 62 patients with asthma: 1) the prevalence of DD, II, and III genotypes were 17(27.42), 31(50) and 14(22.58), respectively. 2) the frequency (%) was 65(52.42)for D allele and 59(47.58 ) for II allele. 3) D and II allele frequencies were 0.52 and 0.48 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that studied groups (female + male patients group and female + male controls group) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings imply that II/D ratio was 0.61/0.39 in all controls and 0.6/0.4 in male or female controls. Significant differences were not found in the ACE genotype or allele frequencies between studied groups regarding all cases versus all controls, female cases versus female controls, male cases versus male controls." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Algorithms", "Alleles", "Asthma", "Case-Control Studies", "Female", "Gene Deletion", "Gene Frequency", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Genotype", "Humans", "Iran", "Male", "Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A", "Polymorphism, Genetic", "Prevalence", "Risk Factors" ] }
We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition.
no
pub_med_qa40033
[ { "content": "ACE ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹ ์†Œ์ธ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ACE ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹ ์†Œ์ธ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition.
ACE ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹ ์†Œ์ธ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,446,619
Does a novel genome-based approach correlate TMPRSS3 overexpression in ovarian cancer with DNA hypomethylation?
{ "contexts": [ "In an attempt to analyze more profoundly aberrant DNA hypomethylation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we applied a novel genome-based approach which includes expression profiling following pharmacologic stimulation of DNA methylation with the methyl donor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM).", "Four different EOC cell lines (OVCAR3, SKOV3, TOV21 and TOV112) were treated with SAM, and gene expression profiling was performed in SAM-treated and control EOC cells. Genes, downregulated upon SAM treatment were considered as potentially hypomethylated in EOC. DNA hypomethylation was independently validated in ovarian tumor and control tissues by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP).", "Among the genes identified, one of particular interest was the type II serine protease TMPRSS3 gene variants A and D (TMPRSS3-A/D), previously recognized as overexpressed in EOC and representing potential EOC therapeutic targets. Consecutive BSP analysis demonstrated that the common putative promoter region of the TMPRSS3-A/D gene variants was significantly hypomethylated in high-grade serous EOC tumors, compared to low-malignant potential ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissue." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Base Sequence", "Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial", "Cell Line, Tumor", "CpG Islands", "DNA Methylation", "Female", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Genome, Human", "Humans", "Membrane Proteins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Neoplasm Proteins", "Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial", "Ovarian Neoplasms", "Promoter Regions, Genetic", "S-Adenosylmethionine", "Serine Endopeptidases" ] }
Our data imply that TMPRSS3-A/D overexpression in EOC is probably due to hypomethylation of their control region thus indicating that TMPRSS3-A/D variants could also represent novel molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of late stages of the disease. Our results also suggest that the frequently observed upregulation of different members of the type II serine proteases gene family in advanced cancer could be due to aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, our study introduces a promising discovery approach that could be used for the identification of hypomethylated genes in different experimental cell models.
yes
pub_med_qa40034
[ { "content": "์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์—์„œ TMPRSS3 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ DNA ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ƒํ”ผ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”(EOC)์—์„œ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ DNA ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ ๊ณต์—ฌ์ฒด S-์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ค-l-๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ(SAM)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ DNA ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ž๊ทน ํ›„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋ง์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ EOC ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ(OVCAR3, SKOV3, TOV21, TOV112)๋ฅผ SAM์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , SAM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ EOC ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SAM ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” EOC์—์„œ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ DNA ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋Š” ๋น„ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ PCR(BSP)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ™•์ธ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ํ˜• II ์„ธ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ TMPRSS3 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด A์™€ D(TMPRSS3-A/D)๋กœ, ์ด์ „์—๋Š” EOC์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ EOC ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ BSP ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, TMPRSS3-A/D ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต ์ถ”์ • ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์ €์•…์„ฑ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์กฐ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์•ก์„ฑ EOC ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data imply that TMPRSS3-A/D overexpression in EOC is probably due to hypomethylation of their control region thus indicating that TMPRSS3-A/D variants could also represent novel molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of late stages of the disease. Our results also suggest that the frequently observed upregulation of different members of the type II serine proteases gene family in advanced cancer could be due to aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, our study introduces a promising discovery approach that could be used for the identification of hypomethylated genes in different experimental cell models.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” EOC์—์„œ TMPRSS3-A/D ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” TMPRSS3-A/D ๋ณ€์ด์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ง๊ธฐ ํ›„์„ฑ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์ž ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์•”์—์„œ IIํ˜• ์„ธ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ DNA ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,421,107
Is the G534E-polymorphism of the gene encoding the factor VII-activating protease a risk factor for venous thrombosis and recurrent events?
{ "contexts": [ "A single nucleotide polymorphism of the factor VII activating protease (FSAP), FSAP Marburg I (rs7080536) has been identified as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, but its clinical role has so far been controversial in part due to small cohort sizes. The aim of the present case-control study was to elucidate the impact of the FSAP Marburg I polymorphism (FSAP-MI) on the development of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) with other known sequence variations, including Factor V Leiden (rs6025) and Factor II G20210A (rs1799963).", "The study included 891 patients (312 male and 579 female) with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and 1283 healthy blood donors with no history of venous thromboembolic disease.", "We found that besides to the well-established aforementioned sequence variations of FV and Prothrombin, the FSAP Marburg I (FSAP-MI) polymorphism was significantly associated with the development of DVTs (1.65 (1.16-2.34) OR (95% CI)) and recurrent thromboembolic events (DVT and PE) (2.13 (1.35-3.36) OR (95% CI)). Comparing patients displaying one or more events FSAP-MI was still associated with the development of recurrent thromboembolic events (1.64 (1- 2.69) OR (95% CI))." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Female", "Genetic Markers", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Germany", "Humans", "Incidence", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "Recurrence", "Risk Factors", "Serine Endopeptidases", "Venous Thrombosis" ] }
We conclude that FSAP Marburg-I genotyping may be used to determine the risk for thromboembolic disorders in patients with suspected thrombophilia and known DVT or PE.
yes
pub_med_qa40035
[ { "content": "VII ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ G534E ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nFactor VII ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ(FSAP)์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ธ FSAP Marburg I(rs7080536)์ด ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ™˜์ž-๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ FSAP Marburg I ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(FSAP-MI)์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„œ์—ด ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ ์งˆํ™˜(VTE)์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” Factor V Leiden(rs6025) ๋ฐ Factor II G20210A(rs1799963)๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ(DVT) ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ํ์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ(PE) ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 891๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž(๋‚จ์„ฑ 312๋ช…, ์—ฌ์„ฑ 579๋ช…)์™€ ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” 1283๋ช…์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ—Œํ˜ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ FV์™€ ํ”„๋กœํŠธ๋กฌ๋นˆ์˜ ์ž˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ์„œ์—ด ๋ณ€์ด ์™ธ์—๋„, FSAP Marburg I (FSAP-MI) ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด DVTs (1.65 (1.16-2.34) OR (95% CI) ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด (DVT ๋ฐ PE) (2.13 (1.35-3.36) OR (95% CI))์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, FSAP-MI๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(1.64 (1-2.69) OR (95% CI))์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
We conclude that FSAP Marburg-I genotyping may be used to determine the risk for thromboembolic disorders in patients with suspected thrombophilia and known DVT or PE.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” FSAP Marburg-I ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ถ„์„์ด ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ DVT ๋˜๋Š” PE ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ƒ‰์ „ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,420,656
Does etoposide modulate the effects of oral morphine analgesia by targeting the intestinal P-glycoprotein?
{ "contexts": [ "Opioids and anticancer compounds such as etoposide (ETP) are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump. Chemotherapy compounds may impact on the analgesic effect of opioids such as morphine when the two drugs are co-administered. In this study, we used a mouse model to determine if there is a pharmacological interaction between ETP and morphine, focusing on the involvement of intestinal P-gp.", "P-gp drug efflux activity was measured by an in-situ closed loop method with Rhodamine 123, a P-gp substrate. The analgesic effect of morphine was determined by the tail-flick test. Intestinal P-gp expression levels were determined by Western blot.", "ETP and morphine significantly decreased the intestinal Rhodamine 123 efflux activity of P-gp. Oral morphine analgesia was significantly enhanced when co-administered with ETP. However, repeated pretreatment (7 days) with oral ETP significantly decreased the oral morphine-induced analgesia, in a cyclosporine A (a P-gp inhibitor) reversible manner. Furthermore, repeated ETP significantly up-regulated intestinal P-gp expression." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1", "Administration, Oral", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Animals", "Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic", "Blotting, Western", "Cyclosporine", "Disease Models, Animal", "Drug Administration Schedule", "Drug Interactions", "Etoposide", "Intestinal Mucosa", "Male", "Mice", "Morphine", "Pain", "Rhodamine 123", "Up-Regulation" ] }
It may be important to consider aspects of therapeutic design such as the administration route or scheduling of drugs in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and opioid therapy to avoid pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents.
yes
pub_med_qa40036
[ { "content": "์—ํ† ํฌ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด P-๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€ ์ง„ํ†ต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ์™€ ์—ํ† ํฌ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ(ETP)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ญ์•” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ATP ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์œ ์ถœ ํŽŒํ”„์ธ P-๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(P-gp)์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ง„ํ†ต ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ P-gp์˜ ๊ด€์—ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ ETP์™€ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nP-gp ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์œ ์ถœ ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ P-gp ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ธ ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฏผ 123์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ์‡„ ๋ฃจํ”„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€์˜ ์ง„ํ†ต ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋ฆญ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋‚ด P-gp ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nETP์™€ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€์€ P-gp์˜ ์žฅ ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฏผ 123 ์œ ์ถœ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” ETP์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ETP๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(7์ผ)๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ A(P-gp ์–ต์ œ์ œ) ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ•€ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ETP๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด P-gp ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
It may be important to consider aspects of therapeutic design such as the administration route or scheduling of drugs in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and opioid therapy to avoid pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents.
๋‘ ์•ฝ์ œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ผ์˜ค์ด๋“œ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,432,754
Is serum phosphate measured at 6 and 12 months after successful kidney transplant independently associated with subsequent graft loss?
{ "contexts": [ "Serum phosphate concentrations have been shown to predict graft loss in prevalent, but not incident, kidney transplant populations. The reasons for this are unknown. We investigated whether serum phosphate at 6 or 12 months posttransplant was associated with graft loss in the same cohort.", "Data were collected for 325 patients transplanted and followed up at a single center (1996-2004). The association between serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant and graft failure was analyzed.", "Univariable associations with death-censored graft failure were seen for serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.48; P < .001, and HR 1.40; CI 1.27-1.54; P < .001). On bivariable analysis (phosphate at 6 vs 12 mo), a significant association remained for both variables and increased graft failure rate (HR 1.19; CI 1.07-1.34; P = .002, and HR 1.37; CI 1.21-1.55; P < .001). These associations persisted in multivariable models (HR 1.27; CI 1.07-1.51; P = .007, and HR 1.34; CI 1.14-1.57; P < .001 for phosphate at 6 and 12 mo)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Biomarkers", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Graft Survival", "Humans", "Hyperphosphatemia", "Hypophosphatemia", "Incidence", "Kaplan-Meier Estimate", "Kidney Transplantation", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Phosphates", "Postoperative Complications", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Prevalence", "Risk Factors" ] }
Serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant is an independent predictor of graft loss. Any future trial designed to investigate the benefits of phosphate lowering should consider recruiting patients as early as 6 months posttransplant.
yes
pub_med_qa40037
[ { "content": "์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ด์‹ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ 12๊ฐœ์›”์— ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์ดํ›„ ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ ์žฅ ์ด์‹ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์†์‹ค์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์‹ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋˜๋Š” 12๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n325๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ผํ„ฐ(1996-2004)์—์„œ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์‹ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ 12๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์ด์‹ ์‹คํŒจ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n6๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฐ 12๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง-censored ์ด์‹ ์‹คํŒจ์™€์˜ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(hazard ๋น„์œจ [HR] 1.33; 95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ [CI] 1.20-1.48; P < .001, HR 1.40; CI 1.27-1.54; P < .001). ์ด๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„(6๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ vs 12๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ )์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์‹ ์‹คํŒจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(HR 1.19; CI 1.07-1.34; P = .002, HR 1.37; CI 1.21-1.55; P < .001). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ(HR 1.27; CI 1.07-1.51; P = .007, HR 1.34; CI 1.14-1.57; 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฐ 12๊ฐœ์›” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด P < .001)์—์„œ๋„ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant is an independent predictor of graft loss. Any future trial designed to investigate the benefits of phosphate lowering should consider recruiting patients as early as 6 months posttransplant.
์ด์‹ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฐ 12๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์†์‹ค์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์‹ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,429,326
Do dNMT ( DNA methyltransferase ) inhibitors radiosensitize human cancer cells by suppressing DNA repair activity?
{ "contexts": [ "Histone modifications and DNA methylation are two major factors in epigenetic phenomenon. Unlike the histone deacetylase inhibitors, which are known to exert radiosensitizing effects, there have only been a few studies thus far concerning the role of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors as radiosensitizers. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DNMT inhibitors on the radiosensitivity of human cancer cell lines, and to elucidate the mechanisms relevant to that process.", "A549 (lung cancer) and U373MG (glioblastoma) cells were exposed to radiation with or without six DNMT inhibitors (5-azacytidine, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, zebularine, hydralazine, epigallocatechin gallate, and psammaplin A) for 18 hours prior to radiation, after which cell survival was evaluated via clonogenic assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. Expressions of DNMT1, 3A/3B, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via Western blotting. Expression of ฮณH2AX, a marker of radiation-induced DNA double-strand break, was examined by immunocytochemistry.", "Pretreatment with psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine radiosensitized both A549 and U373MG cells. Pretreatment with psammaplin A increased the sub-G1 fraction of A549 cells, as compared to cells exposed to radiation alone. Prolongation of ฮณH2AX expression was observed in the cells treated with DNMT inhibitors prior to radiation as compared with those treated by radiation alone." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Azacitidine", "Caspase 3", "Catechin", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cytidine", "DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1", "DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases", "DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded", "DNA Repair", "Decitabine", "Disulfides", "Enzyme Induction", "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic", "Glioblastoma", "Histones", "Humans", "Hydralazine", "Inhibitory Concentration 50", "Lung Neoplasms", "Neoplasm Proteins", "Radiation-Sensitizing Agents", "Tumor Stem Cell Assay", "Tyrosine" ] }
Psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine induce radiosensitivity in both A549 and U373MG cell lines, and suggest that this effect might be associated with the inhibition of DNA repair.
yes
pub_med_qa40038
[ { "content": "dNMT(DNA ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ) ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋Š” DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํžˆ์Šคํ†ค ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ณผ DNA ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋Š” ํ›„์„ฑ์œ ์ „ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค ํƒˆ์•„์„ธํ‹ธํ™” ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์ œ๋กœ์„œ DNA ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ „์ดํšจ์†Œ(DNMT) ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์•”์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ DNMT ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nA549(ํ์•”) ๋ฐ U373MG(๊ต๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข…) ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ „ 18์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 6๊ฐœ์˜ DNMT ์–ต์ œ์ œ(5-์•„์ž์‹œํ‹ฐ๋”˜, 5-์•„์ž-2'-๋ฐ์˜ฅ์‹œ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋”˜, ์ œ๋ถˆ๋ผ๋ฆฐ, ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ž„๋ผ์ง„, ์—ํ”ผ๊ฐˆ๋กœ์นดํ…Œํ‚จ ๊ฐˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ, ํ”„์‚ฌ๋งˆํ”Œ๋ฆฐ A)์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ›„ ํด๋ก  ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ธํฌ ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด DNMT1, 3A/3B ๋ฐ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ์ œ-3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ DNA ์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์˜ ๋งˆ์ปค์ธ ฮณ H2AX์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌํ™”ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ”„์‚ฌ๋งˆํ”Œ๋ฆฐ A, 5-์•„์ž-2'-๋ฐ์˜ฅ์‹œ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋”˜, ์ œ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” A549 ๋ฐ U373MG ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„์‚ฌ๋งˆํ”Œ๋ฆฐ A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด A549 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„œ๋ธŒ-G1 ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ฮณ H2AX ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์—ฐ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine induce radiosensitivity in both A549 and U373MG cell lines, and suggest that this effect might be associated with the inhibition of DNA repair.
ํ”„์‚ฌ๋งˆํ”Œ๋ฆฐ A, 5-์•„์ž-2'-๋ฐ์˜ฅ์‹œ์‹œํ‹ฐ๋”˜, ์ œ๋ถˆ๋ผ๋ฆฐ์€ A549 ๋ฐ U373MG ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์–ต์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,425,694
Do intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels predict incident cardiovascular event before but not after the start of dialysis?
{ "contexts": [ "Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D), increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were reported to be risk factors for mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the independent associations of these factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death among CKD patients, remain unclear. Our purpose was to identify which of these factors predict incident CVD in CKD.", "In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 738 predialysis outpatients in the two nephrology departments. We employed Cox proportional hazards analyses to elucidate predictors of the endpoint, defined as fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event requiring hospitalization. Multiple imputation was performed for missing values.", "Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 35 mL/min/1.73 m(2). During a median duration of 4.4 years, 86 patients developed the endpoint, of whom 62 patients achieved it before the initiation of dialysis. Multivariable analyses revealed that high serum intact FGF23 levels predicted the outcome preceding dialysis initiation (hazard ratio (HR) per lnFGF23 (SD), 1.64 (1.27-2.30)), while 25D, PTH, and bone-specific ALP did not. Adding FGF23 to the conventional model of age, sex, diabetes, prior CVD, pulse pressure, and eGFR, led to a net reclassification improvement of 6.87% (P=0.04). Not censoring the patients at the start of dialysis and continuing follow-up even after dialysis, FGF23 levels did not predict the outcome (HR, 1.16 (0.91-1.48)). Complete case analyses yielded similar results." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Alkaline Phosphatase", "Biomarkers", "Bone Diseases, Metabolic", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Fibroblast Growth Factors", "Glomerular Filtration Rate", "Humans", "Japan", "Kidney Failure, Chronic", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Parathyroid Hormone", "Proportional Hazards Models", "Prospective Studies", "Renal Dialysis", "Time Factors", "Vitamin D" ] }
Intact FGF23 levels in predialysis CKD predicted incident cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization before starting dialysis, but did not predict events during the entire follow-up period, including post dialysis initiation.
yes
pub_med_qa40039
[ { "content": "์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž 23 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „์—๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž 23 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „์—๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Intact FGF23 levels in predialysis CKD predicted incident cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization before starting dialysis, but did not predict events during the entire follow-up period, including post dialysis initiation.
ํˆฌ์„ ์ „ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜(CKD)์˜ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ FGF23 ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ž…์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,426,806
Are structural and functional changes of carotid wall properties in patients with acromegaly restored after 1 year of GH/IGF1 normalization?
{ "contexts": [ "Vascular changes are common in acromegaly (ACM). Current therapies can normalise the levels of both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1).", "To establish whether the ACM vascular changes in patients with effectively managed disease are different from those in patients with an active condition.", "64 ACM patients were tested for serum GH (random and during an oral glucose tolerance test) and IGF1. Ultrasonography of the right common carotid (RCC) explored structural (the carotid diameter and intima-media thickness index (IMT)) and functional (the augmentation index (AIx), elastic modulus (Ep), and local pulse wave velocity (PWV)) arterial parameters in the ACM patients (groups A and B) and an age- and sex-matched control group of 21 patients without acromegaly (group C).", "The ACM patients were divided into 2 subgroups that had similar cardiovascular risk factor profiles: A (n=10, with controlled ACM), and B (n=54, with active ACM). The AIx was higher in groups A (27.7% [2.2-54.3]) and B (20.0% [ - 38.2-97.1]) than in group C (3.5% [ - 11.3-31.1]), p=0.01 and 0.002, respectively. The group B patients presented with poorer functional carotid wall parameters than the control subjects: Ep-95.5 [33-280] KPa vs. 77.5 [39-146] KPa, p=0.01; and PWV-6 [3.6-10.4] m/s vs. 5.4 [3.9-7.2] m/s, p=0.03.The ACM patients had greater RCC diameters (6.4 ยฑ 0.6 mm vs. 5.7 ยฑ 0.6 mm, p<0.001) and IMT values (0.72 ยฑ 0.13 mm vs. 0.58 ยฑ 0.08 mm, p<0.001) than the subjects in group C." ], "labels": [ "UNLABELLED", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acromegaly", "Adult", "Blood Chemical Analysis", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Carotid Arteries", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Human Growth Hormone", "Humans", "Insulin-Like Growth Factor I", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Recovery of Function", "Reference Values", "Time Factors", "Ultrasonography" ] }
Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition.
no
pub_med_qa40040
[ { "content": "๋ง๋‹จ๋น„๋Œ€์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ๋ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ GH/IGF1 ์ •์ƒํ™” 1๋…„ ํ›„์— ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ง๋‹จ๋น„๋Œ€์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ๋ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ GH/IGF1 ์ •์ƒํ™” 1๋…„ ํ›„์— ํšŒ๋ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition.
ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ACM ํ™˜์ž์™€ ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ACM ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋™๋งฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ†ต์ œ ํ›„, ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ACM ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋™๋งฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋™๋งฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,445,991
Does [ Slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 suppress chromium wear particle-induced osteolysis in rats ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To observe the effect of a slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) formulation on the expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-ฮบB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in a murine air pouch model of bone implantation.", "A cranial bone allograft was implanted in the air pouch induced on the back of the recipients. The rat models were then randomized into 5 groups, including a blank control group, chromium particle group, and 3 rhBMP-2 groups receiving 50, 100 or 200 ยตg/L slow-release rhBMP-2 in addition to chromium particles. Three weeks later, the expressions of RANKL and OPG in the air pouch was detected using Western blotting and RT-PCR, and the positively stained area for osteoclasts in the bone graft was determined with TRAP staining for drug effect assessment.", "RANKL and OPG expressions were found in the air pouches in all the 5 groups. RANKL and OPG protein and mRNA expressions, RANKL/OPG ratio and osteoclast staining area in the bone graft were the highest in chromium particle group (P<0.05), but were significantly decreased by treatment with the slow-release rhBMP-2 formulation (P<0.05); the measurements showed no significant differences between the blank control group and 200 ยตg/L rhBMP-2 group (P>0.05)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Arthroplasty, Replacement", "Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2", "Bone Resorption", "Bone Transplantation", "Chromium", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Disease Models, Animal", "Female", "Male", "Osteolysis", "Particle Size", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Recombinant Proteins", "Skull", "Transforming Growth Factor beta" ] }
Chromium particles can cause osteolysis by increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in rats, and intervention with slow-release rhBMP-2 can significantly promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio.
yes
pub_med_qa40041
[ { "content": "[๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ผˆ ํ˜•ํƒœํ˜•์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ-2๊ฐ€ ์ฅ์˜ ํฌ๋กฌ ๋งˆ๋ชจ ์ž…์ž ์œ ๋ฐœ ๊ณจ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ผˆ ํ˜•ํƒœํ˜•์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ-2(rhBMP-2) ์ œํ˜•์ด ๋ผˆ ์ด์‹์˜ ์ฅ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ•ต ์ธ์ž-B ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ(RANKL) ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ(OPG) ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž์˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์œ ๋„๋œ ์—์–ด ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜์— ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ํŽธ์„ ์ด์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ 5๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ธ”๋žญํฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ, ํฌ๋กฌ ์ž…์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ํฌ๋กฌ ์ž…์ž ์™ธ์— 50, 100 ๋˜๋Š” 200 ยตg/L์˜ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ rhBMP-2๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ rhBMP-2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3์ฃผ ํ›„, ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏํŒ…๊ณผ RT-PCR์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—์–ด ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜์—์„œ RANKL๊ณผ OPG์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด TRAP ์—ผ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ผˆ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n5๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—์–ด ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜์—์„œ RANKL ๋ฐ OPG ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋กฌ ์ž…์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน(P<0.05)์—์„œ RANKL ๋ฐ OPG ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„, RANKL/OPG ๋น„์œจ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์ด์‹ํŽธ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ(P<0.05), ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” rhBMP-2 ์ œํ˜•(P<0.05)์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ธ”๋žญํฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ 200 ยตg/L rhBMP-2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(P>0.05) ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P>0.05).", "role": "passage" } ]
Chromium particles can cause osteolysis by increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in rats, and intervention with slow-release rhBMP-2 can significantly promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio.
ํฌ๋กฌ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ฅ์˜ RANKL/OPG ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ๊ณจ ์šฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” rhBMP-2๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด RANKL/OPG ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ผˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ผˆ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22,445,867
Does early adrenaline administration improve circulatory recovery during resuscitation from severe asphyxia in newborn piglets?
{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the effects of early intravenous adrenaline administration on circulatory recovery, cerebral reoxygenation, and plasma catecholamine concentrations, after severe asphyxia-induced bradycardia and hypotension.", "One-day-old piglets were left in apnoea until heart rate and mean arterial pressure were less than 50 min(-1) and 25 mmHg, respectively. They randomly received adrenaline, 10 ฮผgkg(-1) (n=16) or placebo (n=15) and were resuscitated with air ventilation and, when needed, closed-chest cardiac massage (CCCM). Eight not asphyxiated animals served as time controls.", "CCCM was required in 13 piglets given adrenaline and in 13 given placebo. Time to return of spontaneous circulation was: 72 (66-85)s vs. 77 (64-178)s [median (quartile range)] (p=0.35). Time until cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO(2)) had increased to 30% was 86 (79-152)s vs. 126 (88-309)s (p=0.30). The two groups did not differ significantly in CrSO(2), heart rate, arterial pressure, right common carotid artery blood flow, or number of survivors: 13 vs. 11 animals. Plasma concentration of adrenaline, 2.5 min after resuming ventilation, was 498 (268-868)nmoll(-1) vs. 114 (80-306)nmoll(-1) (p=0.01). Corresponding noradrenaline concentrations were 1799 (1058-4182)nmoll(-1)vs. 1385 (696-3118)nmoll(-1) (ns). In the time controls, the concentrations were 0.4 (0.2-0.6)nmoll(-1) of adrenaline and 1.8 (1.3-2.4)nmoll(-1) of noradrenaline." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Animals, Newborn", "Blood Circulation", "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", "Epinephrine", "Swine", "Treatment Failure" ] }
The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome.
no
pub_med_qa40042
[ { "content": "์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ ์งˆ์‹์—์„œ ์†Œ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆœํ™˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ ์งˆ์‹์—์„œ ์†Œ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆœํ™˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome.
๋†’์€ ๋‚ด์ธ์„ฑ ์นดํ…Œ์ฝœ์•„๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์น˜, ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ์ด ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,061,742
Is type of hip fracture in patients with Parkinson disease associated with femoral bone mineral density?
{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fracture type (cervical or trochanteric) in a sample of fallers with Parkinson disease (PD).", "Observational study.", "Rehabilitation hospital in Italy.", "We investigated 1040 of 1120 white fallers consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital for hip fracture. Thirty-eight (3.65%) of the 1040 patients suffered from PD secondarily. Thirty-eight controls matched for sex, age, and hip fracture type were found among the 1002 non-PD fallers.", "Not applicable.", "BMD was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at a mean+/-SD of 21.9+/-7.5 days after fracture occurrence in the 38 PD patients and 21.6+/-5.9 days after fracture occurrence in the 38 controls.", "BMD assessed at total femur, trochanter, and intertrochanteric region was significantly lower in the 15 PD patients with trochanteric fractures than in the 23 with cervical fractures; the mean T score differences were 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-1.08; P=.028), 0.66 (95% CI, 0.04-1.28; P=.037), and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.11-1.15; P=.019), respectively. A significant association between femoral BMD and hip fracture type was found at logistic regression after adjustment for several confounders. Results in the 38 controls were similar to those obtained in the 38 PD fallers." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Accidental Falls", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Bone Density", "Case-Control Studies", "Female", "Femur", "Hip Fractures", "Humans", "Italy", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Matched-Pair Analysis", "Middle Aged", "Multivariate Analysis", "Parkinson Disease" ] }
In a sample of PD fallers as in a control group of non-PD fallers, BMD levels assessed at 3 femoral sites were significantly lower in the patients who sustained trochanteric fractures than in those with cervical fractures of the hip.
yes
pub_med_qa40043
[ { "content": "ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ๋ณ‘(PD)์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚™์ƒ์ž ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„(BMD)์™€ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์œ ํ˜•(๊ฒฝ์ถ” ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ˆ) ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.\n\n2)\n๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\n์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์žฌํ™œ ๋ณ‘์›.\n\n4)\n๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ๋กœ ์žฌํ™œ๋ณ‘์›์— ์—ฐ์† ์ž…์›ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚™์ƒ์ž 1120๋ช… ์ค‘ 1040๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1040๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 38๋ช…(3.65%)์ด 2์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ PD๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„PD ๋‚™์ƒ์ž 1002๋ช… ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋งž๋Š” 38๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\nํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n6)\nBMD๋Š” 38๋ช…์˜ PD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท  +/-7.5์ผ, 38๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท  21.6+/-5.9์ผ์— ์ด์ค‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ X์„  ํก์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n7)\n์ด ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ, ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ, ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„(BMD)๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 15๋ช…์˜ PD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ถ” ๊ณจ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 23๋ช…๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  T ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 0.57(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ [CI], 0.07-1.08; P=.028), 0.66(95% CI, 0.04-1.28; P=.037), 0.63(95% CI, 0.11-1.15; P=.019)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ณจ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 38๊ฐœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 38๊ฐœ PD ๋‚™์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In a sample of PD fallers as in a control group of non-PD fallers, BMD levels assessed at 3 femoral sites were significantly lower in the patients who sustained trochanteric fractures than in those with cervical fractures of the hip.
๋น„PD ๋‚™์ƒ์ž ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ PD ๋‚™์ƒ์ž ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ BMD ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ถ” ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ˆ์„ ์ž…์€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,066,113
Does leptin play a role in ruptured human brain arteriovenous malformations?
{ "contexts": [ "Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of human brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM). However, the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM is still unclear. Leptin, first discovered in obesity research, has not been systematically studied in BAVM and ICH. We investigated expression and effect of leptin on human BAVM.", "Specimens were obtained from 6 BAVM patients, who had been divided into either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic groups. Leptin, leptin receptor, and signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) were analyzed by different methods, such as gene chips, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Perinidal brain tissue around each BAVM served as control.", "Gene chips and RT-PCR found transcriptional leptin raised at least 2 levels in hemorrhagic BAVM. Immunohistochemical slices also showed higher expression of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 on nidus part of hemorrhagic BAVM than non-hemorrhagic ones. On Western blot analysis, hemorrhagic BAVMs had higher levels of leptin (p < 0.01)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Female", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Humans", "Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations", "Intracranial Hemorrhages", "Leptin", "Male", "Microarray Analysis", "Middle Aged", "Receptors, Leptin", "STAT3 Transcription Factor", "Signal Transduction" ] }
The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM.
yes
pub_med_qa40044
[ { "content": "๋ ™ํ‹ด์ด ํŒŒ์—ด๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ ๋™์ •๋งฅ ๊ธฐํ˜•์— ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‡Œ๋‚ด ์ถœํ˜ˆ(ICH)์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‡Œ ๋™์ •๋งฅ ๊ธฐํ˜•(BAVM)์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ BAVM์˜ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์•„์ง ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ ™ํ‹ด์€ BAVM๊ณผ ICH์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ BAVM์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ ™ํ‹ด์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n6๋ช…์˜ BAVM ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ™ํ‹ด, ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด, ์ „์‚ฌ-3(STAT3)์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์นฉ, ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ-ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋ผ์ œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘(RT-PCR), ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™, ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ BAVM ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ทผ์œ„๋ถ€ ๋‡Œ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์œ ์ „์ž ์นฉ๊ณผ RT-PCR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ BAVM์—์„œ ์ „์‚ฌ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋„ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ BAVM์˜ ๋‹ˆ๋”์Šค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋น„์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ BAVM๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ ™ํ‹ด, ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด, STAT3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ BAVM์€ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (p < 0.01).", "role": "passage" } ]
The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM.
์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ BAVM์—์„œ ๋ ™ํ‹ด, ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด, STAT3์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ ™ํ‹ด์ด BAVM์˜ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,073,629
Does a transient outward potassium current activator recapitulate the electrocardiographic manifestations of Brugada syndrome?
{ "contexts": [ "Transient outward potassium current (I(to)) is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, an I((to)) activator has not been available with which to validate this hypothesis. Here, we provide a direct test of the hypothesis using a novel I(to) activator, NS5806.", "Isolated canine ventricular myocytes and coronary-perfused wedge preparations were used. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed that NS5806 (10 microM) increased peak I(to) at +40 mV by 79 +/- 4% (24.5 +/- 2.2 to 43.6 +/- 3.4 pA/pF, n = 7) and slowed the time constant of inactivation from 12.6 +/- 3.2 to 20.3 +/- 2.9 ms (n = 7). The total charge carried by I(to) increased by 186% (from 363.9 +/- 40.0 to 1042.0 +/- 103.5 pA x ms/pF, n = 7). In ventricular wedge preparations, NS5806 increased phase 1 and notch amplitude of the action potential in the epicardium, but not in the endocardium, and accentuated the ECG J-wave, leading to the development of phase 2 re-entry and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 9). Although sodium and calcium channel blockers are capable of inducing BrS only in right ventricular (RV) wedge preparations, the I(to) activator was able to induce the phenotype in wedges from both ventricles. NS5806 induced BrS in 4/6 right and 2/10 left ventricular wedge preparations." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Action Potentials", "Animals", "Brugada Syndrome", "Dogs", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Electrocardiography", "Endocardium", "Heart Ventricles", "In Vitro Techniques", "Membrane Transport Modulators", "Mutation", "Myocytes, Cardiac", "Pericardium", "Phenylurea Compounds", "Potassium", "Potassium Channels", "Tetrazoles", "Time Factors" ] }
The I(to) activator NS5806 recapitulates the electrographic and arrhythmic manifestation of BrS, providing evidence in support of its pivotal role in the genesis of the disease. Our findings also suggest that a genetic defect leading to a gain of function of I(to) could explain variants of BrS, in which ST-segment elevation or J-waves are evident in both right and left ECG leads.
yes
pub_med_qa40045
[ { "content": "์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์นผ๋ฅจ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€๋‹ค ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ „๋„ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์นผ๋ฅจ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€๋‹ค ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ „๋„ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
The I(to) activator NS5806 recapitulates the electrographic and arrhythmic manifestation of BrS, providing evidence in support of its pivotal role in the genesis of the disease. Our findings also suggest that a genetic defect leading to a gain of function of I(to) could explain variants of BrS, in which ST-segment elevation or J-waves are evident in both right and left ECG leads.
I(to) ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ NS5806์€ BRS์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ์  ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ I(to)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋ฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์‹ฌ์ „๋„ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ST-์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ ์ƒ์Šน ๋˜๋Š” J-ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” BRS์˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,354
Does novel recombinant fibrinogenase of Agkistrodon acutus venom protect against LPS-induced DIC?
{ "contexts": [ "Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome characterized by the widespread activation of coagulation. This leads to failure of multiple organs in the body and finally death. Because there is no effective therapy for DIC, the clinical prognosis is poor and the mortality is high.", "The animals were intravenously injected with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 hours and simultaneously infected three doses of recombinant fibrinogenase II (rFII) for 2 hour. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelets count, fibrinogen and fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were determined. The plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected. Liver and kidney samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and kidney sections were stained with phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin.", "We observed that rFII increased survival rate in LPS-induced DIC rabbits as well as heparin did. Administration of rFII as well as heparin attenuated the increased plasma levels of APTT, PT and FDP and the decreased plasma level of fibrinogen at 6 h. rFII reduced hepatic and renal damages and decreased the levels of ALT and Cr as well as heparin did. rFII also significantly reduced the increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha. rFII significantly reduced the kidney fibrin deposits with respect to LPS treated animals." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Agkistrodon", "Animals", "Crotalid Venoms", "Disease Models, Animal", "Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation", "Humans", "Kidney", "Lipopolysaccharides", "Liver", "Rabbits", "Recombinant Proteins", "Serine Endopeptidases" ] }
Our findings suggest that rFII from Agkistrodon acutus venom could have protective effect on DIC via reducing liver and renal damages and direct degradation of microthrombi.
yes
pub_med_qa40046
[ { "content": "์•„๊ทธํ‚ค์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋ˆ ์•„ํํˆฌ์Šค ๋…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ๊ฐ€ LPS๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ DIC๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํŒŒ์ข…์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์‘๊ณ (DIC)๋Š” ์‘๊ณ ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„์ฒœ์„ฑ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DIC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž„์ƒ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜(LPS)๋ฅผ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 3ํšŒ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ II(rFII)๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํŠธ๋กฌ๋ณดํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„(APT), ํ”„๋กœํŠธ๋กฌ๋นˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(PT), ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ์ˆ˜, ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ(FDP)์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ผ๋‹Œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์ „๋‹ฌํšจ์†Œ(ALT), ํฌ๋ ˆ์•„ํ‹ฐ๋‹Œ(Cr) ๋ฐ ์ข…์–‘ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž ์•ŒํŒŒ(TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ)์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ํ—ค๋งˆํ†ก์‹ค๋ฆฐ-์—์˜ค์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์žฅ ์„น์…˜์€ ์ธํ……์Šคํ…์‚ฐ-ํ—ค๋งˆํ†ก์‹ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” rFII๊ฐ€ LPS๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ DIC ํ† ๋ผ์™€ ํ—คํŒŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rFII์™€ ํ—คํŒŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ APT, PT, FDP์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rFII๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฅ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ALT์™€ Cr ๋ฐ ํ—คํŒŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rFII๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rFII๋Š” LPS ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ ์žฅ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ์นจ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our findings suggest that rFII from Agkistrodon acutus venom could have protective effect on DIC via reducing liver and renal damages and direct degradation of microthrombi.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•„๊ทธํ‚ค์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋ˆ ์•„ํํˆฌ์Šค ๋…์˜ rFII๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ ์žฅ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์„ธํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ DIC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,099
Does a note on the use of passive alcohol sensors during routine traffic stop?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine whether the use of a passive alcohol sensor (PAS) in routine traffic enforcement increases the driving-under-the-influence (DUI) arrest rate of alcohol-impaired drivers.", "Officers in a Maryland police department were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first with PAS devices and the second without PAS devices (the control group). Then, the PAS units were switched from the first to the second group. Arrest, PAS, and preliminary breath-test data were collected on 714 nighttime traffic stops over two enforcement periods.", "The DUI arrest rate for the officers with and without the PAS was the same, 13%. Officers who made no arrests without the PAS benefited the most from using it. Drivers stopped for an unsafe lane change, driving over the center line, and negligent driving were arrested for DUI 35% of the time." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alcoholic Intoxication", "Automobile Driving", "Breath Tests", "Equipment Design", "Humans", "Law Enforcement", "Police", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Reproducibility of Results", "Time Factors" ] }
The PAS appears to increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who rarely make DUI arrests, but it does not increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who normally make DUI arrests without passive sensors. It appears that it could be successful in increasing the overall number of DUI arrests for a police department if issued to, and training is provided to, patrol officers who do not normally make DUI arrests.
yes
pub_med_qa40047
[ { "content": "์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ตํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์„ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ตํ†ต ๋‹จ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์„ผ์„œ(PAS)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์žฅ์•  ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ ์šด์ „(DUI) ์ฒดํฌ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ PAS ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ PAS ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน(ํ†ต์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ PAS ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๋‹จ์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 714๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ตํ†ต ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฒดํฌ, PAS ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์Œ์ฃผ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nPAS๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ์šด์ „ ์ฒดํฌ์œจ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ 13%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PAS ์—†์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ์Œ์ฃผ์šด์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฐจ์„  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ, ์ค‘์•™์„ ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ์šด์ „, ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜ํ•œ ์šด์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 35%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์Œ์ฃผ์šด์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The PAS appears to increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who rarely make DUI arrests, but it does not increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who normally make DUI arrests without passive sensors. It appears that it could be successful in increasing the overall number of DUI arrests for a police department if issued to, and training is provided to, patrol officers who do not normally make DUI arrests.
PAS๋Š” DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ DUI ์ฒดํฌ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜๋™ ์„ผ์„œ ์—†์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ DUI ์ฒดํฌ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์— ์ „์ฒด DUI ์ฒดํฌ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ‰์†Œ DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆœ์ฐฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,077,458
Are autophagy and VMP1 expression early cellular events in experimental diabetes?
{ "contexts": [ "We have described VMP1 as a new protein which expression triggers autophagy in mammalian cells. Here we show that experimental diabetes activates VMP1 expression and autophagy in pancreas beta cells as a direct response to streptozotocin (STZ).", "Male Wistar rats were treated with 65 mg/kg STZ and pancreas islets from untreated rats were incubated with 1 mM STZ.", "RT-PCR analysis shows early VMP1 induction after STZ treatment. In situ hybridization reveals VMP1 mRNA in islet beta cells. Electron microscopy shows chromatin aggregation and autophagy morphology that was confirmed by LC3 expression and LC3-VMP1 co-localization. Apoptotic cell death and the reduction of beta cell pool are evident after 24 h treatment, while VMP1 is still expressed in the remaining cells. VMP1-Beclin1 colocalization in pancreas tissue from STZ-treated rats suggests that VMP1-Beclin1 interaction is involved in the autophagic process activation during experimental diabetes. Results were confirmed using pancreas islets, showing VMP1 expression and autophagy in beta cells as a direct effect of STZ treatment." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Autophagy", "Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental", "Gene Expression", "Islets of Langerhans", "Male", "Membrane Proteins", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Streptozocin" ] }
Pancreas beta cells trigger VMP1 expression and autophagy during the early cellular events in response to experimental diabetes.
yes
pub_med_qa40048
[ { "content": "์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹๊ณผ VMP1 ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” VMP1์„ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํ† ์กฐํ† ์‹ (STZ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ทŒ์žฅ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ VMP1 ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜์ปท ์œ„์Šคํƒ€ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ 65 mg/kg STZ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฅ์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์„ฌ์„ 1 mM STZ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nRT-PCR ๋ถ„์„์€ STZ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ VMP1 ์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ˜ผ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ์„ฌ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ VMP1 mRNA๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” LC3 ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ LC3-VMP1 ๊ณต๋™ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์งˆ ์‘์ง‘๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ธํฌ ํ’€์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” VMP1์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. STZ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ฅ์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด VMP1-Beclin1 ๊ณต๋™ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹ ๊ณผ์ • ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— VMP1-Beclin1 ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ ์„ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, STZ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ VMP1 ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Pancreas beta cells trigger VMP1 expression and autophagy during the early cellular events in response to experimental diabetes.
์ทŒ์žฅ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋™์•ˆ VMP1 ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,959
Is managing cancer-related anaemia in congruence with the EORTC guidelines an independent predictor of haemoglobin outcome : initial evidence from the RESPOND study?
{ "contexts": [ "To model the relationship between scores for practicing in congruence (CSs; 0-10) with EORTC guidelines for erythropoietic proteins (EPs) and haemoglobin (Hb) outcomes observed in the validation study of the RESPOND system.", "Thirty four patient pairs matched on cancer type and chemotherapy in pre- (retrospective; clinicians not using RESPOND) and post-cohorts (prospective; clinicians using RESPOND) followed over 4 months following EP treatment initiation. CSs quantify the extent that care was guideline-adherent. Linear and logistic regressions controlling for cohort examined Hb outcomes as a function of CSs.", "A one-point increase in CS was associated with 0.60g/dL increase in Hb at month 4 (R(2)=0.40) and 0.56g/dL increase in Hb change from month 1-4 (R(2)=0.33). Each one-point increase in CS increased the odds of reaching Hb>or=11g/dL by 3.14 (R(2)=0.42) and Hb>or=12g/dL by 2.77 (R(2)=0.45)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anemia", "Erythropoietin", "Guideline Adherence", "Hemoglobins", "Humans", "Linear Models", "Logistic Models", "Neoplasms", "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Prospective Studies", "Retrospective Studies", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
Guideline-adherent EP treatment may improve Hb outcomes but specifically designed outcomes studies are necessary.
yes
pub_med_qa40049
[ { "content": "์•” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์„ EORTC ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” RESPORTS ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(EP)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EORTC ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต ์ ์ˆ˜(CS; 0-10) ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด RESPORTS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ(Hb) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n34๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์Œ์ด EP ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ›„ 4๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ „(ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ; RESPORT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์˜)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ(์˜ˆ์ธก์ ; RESPORT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์˜)์—์„œ ์•” ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CS๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด CS์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ Hb ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nCS์˜ 1์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์— Hb๊ฐ€ 0.60g/dL ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(R(2)=0.40)๊ณผ 1~4๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์— Hb ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 0.56g/dL ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(R(2)=0.33). CS๊ฐ€ 1์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค Hb>or=11g/dL์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 3.14(R(2)=0.42), Hb>or=12g/dL์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 2.77(R(2)=0.45) ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Guideline-adherent EP treatment may improve Hb outcomes but specifically designed outcomes studies are necessary.
๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ค€์ˆ˜ EP ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” Hb ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,068,136
Does acinetobacter baumannii invade epithelial cells and outer membrane protein A mediates interactions with epithelial cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance, but the pathogenic mechanism of this microorganism has not been fully explored. This study investigated the potential of A. baumannii to invade epithelial cells and determined the role of A. baumannii outer membrane protein A (AbOmpA) in interactions with epithelial cells.", "A. baumannii invaded epithelial cells by a zipper-like mechanism, which is associated with microfilament- and microtubule-dependent uptake mechanisms. Internalized bacteria were located in the membrane-bound vacuoles. Pretreatment of recombinant AbOmpA significantly inhibited the adherence to and invasion of A. baumannii in epithelial cells. Cell invasion of isogenic AbOmpA- mutant significantly decreased as compared with wild-type bacteria. In a murine pneumonia model, wild-type bacteria exhibited a severe lung pathology and induced a high bacterial burden in blood, whereas AbOmpA- mutant was rarely detected in blood." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acinetobacter Infections", "Acinetobacter baumannii", "Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "Cell Line", "Cytochalasin D", "Epithelial Cells", "HeLa Cells", "Humans", "Mutation", "Vinblastine" ] }
A. baumannii adheres to and invades epithelial cells. AbOmpA plays a major role in the interactions with epithelial cells. These findings contribute to the understanding of A. baumannii pathogenesis in the early stage of bacterial infection.
yes
pub_med_qa40050
[ { "content": "์•„์‹œ๋„คํ† ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ A๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์•„์‹œ๋„คํ† ๋ฐ•ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•„์ง ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” A. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , A. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ ์™ธ๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ A(AbOmpA)๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nA. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€ ์˜์กด์  ํก์ˆ˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋ง‰์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์•กํฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ AbOmpA์˜ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ A. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์นจ์ž…์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ข… AbOmpA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์นจ์ž…์€ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฅ ํ๋ ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, AbOmpA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
A. baumannii adheres to and invades epithelial cells. AbOmpA plays a major role in the interactions with epithelial cells. These findings contribute to the understanding of A. baumannii pathogenesis in the early stage of bacterial infection.
A. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์นจ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AbOmpA๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ A. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ๋‹ˆ ๋ณ‘์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,080,079
Is [ Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway critical for survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer stem-like side population cells ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To isolate and identify the side population (SP) cells in pancreatic cancer and investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway in the survival and proliferation of them.", "Pancreatic cancer cell of the lines PANC-1, BXPC-3, ASPC-1, PC-3, and SW-1990 were cultured. Hoechst 33432 staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were used to sort the SP cells. Verapamil, inhibitor of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, was added before the Hoechst 33342 inoculation to observe its influence on the SP proportion. Media with LY294002, specific inhibitor of P13K, or rapamycin, specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were used to culture PANC-1 cells to observe the survival of cells. Twenty-one NOD-SCID mice were randomly divided into 7 equal groups. Four groups were inoculated subcutaneously with SP cells of the concentrations of 5x10(5), 5x10(4), 5x10(3), or 1x10(3) at the right axillary fossa and with non-SP cells at the left then Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometric sorting were used to detect the content of SP cells at the left axillary fossa. The other 3 groups were injected subcutaneously with non-Hoechst 33342 treated cells of the concentrations of 5x10(5), 5x10(4), 5x10(3), or 1x10(3) at the right axillary fossa and PBS at the left axillary fossa. Ten weeks later the mice were killed to undergo pathological examination.", "All cell lines were found to exhibit verapamil-sensitive SP cells except BXPC-3 cells. The SP cell proportion of the PANC-1 cells was 7.84%. No SP cell was found in the cells treated with verapamil. The colony-formation ability of the SP cells was (43.7+/-3.1)%, significantly higher than those of the non-SP cells and cells without Hoechst 33342 cells [(8.3+/-1.6)% and (10.2+/-1.9)% respectively, both P=0.000]. The tumorigenic ability of the SP cells was 100 times as those of the non-SP cells and Hoechst 33342 un-treated cells. After addition of LY294002 and rapamycin the fractions of the SP cells in the in PANC-1 cells decreased from (7.60+/-0.27)% to (1.90+/-0.22)% and (1.14+/-0.20)% respectively, both P=0.000, and they preferentially inhibited the SP cells rather than non-SP cells." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Benzimidazoles", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Proliferation", "Cell Survival", "Humans", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred NOD", "Mice, SCID", "Neoplastic Stem Cells", "Pancreatic Neoplasms", "Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "Protein Kinases", "Signal Transduction", "TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases", "Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays" ] }
SP cells are enriched in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway is critical for pancreatic SP cells maintenance that can be selected as a new target for inhibiting cancer stem-like cells.
yes
pub_med_qa40051
[ { "content": "[๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํฌ์ŠคํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋”œ์ด๋…ธ์‹œํ†จ 3-ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ/์œ ๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์—์„œ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ง‘๋‹จ(SP) ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (PI3K/mTOR) ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ ํฌ์ŠคํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋”œ์ด๋…ธ์‹œํ†จ 3-ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ/ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ์ƒ์กด ๋ฐ ์ฆ์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nPANC-1, BXPC-3, ASPC-1, PC-3, SW-1990 ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SP ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Hoechst 33432 ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ(FACS)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SP ๋น„์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Hoechst 3342 ์ ‘์ข… ์ „์— ATP ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์นด์„ธํŠธ(ABC) ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด์˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ ๋ฒ ๋ผํŒŒ๋ฐ€์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ P13K ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (mTOR)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PANC-1 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 21๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ NOD-SCID ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์— 5x10(5), 5x10(4), 5x10(3) ๋˜๋Š” 1x10(3) ๋†๋„์˜ SP ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ 4๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์— ๋น„SP ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์— SP ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์— 5x10(5), 5x10(4), 5x10(3) ๋˜๋Š” 1x10(3) ๋†๋„์˜ ๋น„Hoechst 3342 ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ฒจ๋“œ๋ž‘์ด์— PBS๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10์ฃผ ํ›„, ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nBXPC-3 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋ผํŒŒ๋ฐ€์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ SP ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PANC-1 ์„ธํฌ์˜ SP ์„ธํฌ ๋น„์œจ์€ 7.84%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ๋ผํŒŒ๋ฐ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” SP ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SP ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ง‘๋ฝ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ (43.7+/-3.1)๋กœ, ๋น„SP ์„ธํฌ์™€ Hoechst 3342 ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ [๊ฐ๊ฐ (8.3+/-1.6)%์™€ (10.2+/-1.9) P=0.000]. SP ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ข…์–‘ ์œ ์ „ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋น„SP ์„ธํฌ์™€ Hoechst 3342 ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ข…์–‘ ์œ ์ „ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค 100๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LY294002์™€ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ PANC-1 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ SP ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ (7.60+/-0.27)%์—์„œ (1.90+/-0.22)%์™€ (1.14+/-0.20)%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„SP ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค SP ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
SP cells are enriched in pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway is critical for pancreatic SP cells maintenance that can be selected as a new target for inhibiting cancer stem-like cells.
SP ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PI3K/mTOR ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ SP ์„ธํฌ ์œ ์ง€์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์•” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์–ต์ œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,429
Do serial lactate measurements using microdialysis of interstitial fluid correlate with plasma lactate in children after cardiac surgery?
{ "contexts": [ "Serial postoperative blood lactate (BL) concentrations have been shown to predict outcome of children after congenital heart surgery (CHS), and interventions aimed at lowering lactate can improve the outcome of these children. The cumulative blood loss for diagnostic purposes, such as repetitive arterial blood sampling in the intensive care unit, contributes, especially in small children, to anemia. Techniques to limit blood loss can therefore be of use. Microdialysis is a technique to monitor tissue chemistry in various clinical settings, and we hypothesized that it may be a valuable alternative for frequent blood sampling to monitor lactate in children after CHS.", "Fifteen children with a mean age of 40 months (range, 4-118 months) were prospectively enrolled after CHS. A CMA double lumen microdialysis catheter was inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdominal wall and infused with an isotone mannitol 5% solution at 1 microL/min via the inlet tubing. Microdialysate fluid was collected every hour for 48 hrs and stored at -80 degrees C for lactate determination (interstitial fluid lactate, IFL). Every hour arterial blood was taken for lactate determination. Individual profiles, correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare BL and IFL results.", "There were no complications with the microdialysis technique. All patients were discharged alive from hospital. Six hundred twenty paired samples were analyzed. Mean recovery of microdialysate fluid was 84%. Median (interquartile range) was 0.95 (0.70-1.15) mmol/L for BL and 1.13 (0.86-1.48) mmol/L for IFL (p < 0.0001). Individual profiles showed that IFL follows changes in BL in some, but not all children. With this study, we could not explain this discrepancy. The correlation between BL and IFL was poor (r = .77 (p < 0.0001) r = .59). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed the insufficient performance of the current microdialysis-based procedure compared with BL." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Blood Chemical Analysis", "Cardiac Surgical Procedures", "Child, Preschool", "Confidence Intervals", "Extracellular Fluid", "Feasibility Studies", "Female", "Heart Defects, Congenital", "Humans", "Infant", "Lactates", "Male", "Microdialysis", "Monitoring, Physiologic", "Pilot Projects", "Postoperative Care", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Probability", "Prospective Studies", "Risk Assessment", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Statistics, Nonparametric" ] }
Serial lactate measurements in microdialysis fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue are feasible, but cannot be used as a reliable interchangeable method for plasma lactate analysis in children after CHS at this time. Whether this technique has its own place in the assessment of the overall hemodynamic status and tissue perfusion in children after CHS needs to be addressed in future studies.
no
pub_med_qa40052
[ { "content": "๊ฐ„์งˆ์•ก ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์† ์ –์‚ฐ ์ธก์ •์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์†Œ์•„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ –์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ –์‚ฐ(BL) ๋†๋„๋Š” ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ (CHS) ํ›„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ –์‚ฐ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋™๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ฑ„์ทจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ถœํ˜ˆ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง ํ™”ํ•™์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” CHS ํ›„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ –์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ฑ„์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 40๊ฐœ์›”(๋ฒ”์œ„, 4~118๊ฐœ์›”)์ธ 15๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ CHS ํ›„ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CMA ์ด์ค‘ ๋‚ด๊ฐ• ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„ ์นดํ…Œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต๋ฒฝ์˜ ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…๊ตฌ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์†Œํ†ค ๋งŒ๋‹ˆํ†จ 5% ์šฉ์•ก์„ ๋ถ„๋‹น 1๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœL๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„์•ก์€ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ –์‚ฐ ์ธก์ •(๊ฐ„์•ก ์ –์‚ฐ, IFL)์„ ์œ„ํ•ด -80ยฐC์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ –์‚ฐ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™๋งฅํ˜ˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„, ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ Bland-Altman ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BL๊ณผ IFL ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‚ฐ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ‡ด์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 620์Œ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„์•ก์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์€ 84%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BL์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’(์‚ฌ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„)์€ 0.95(0.70-1.15) mmol/L, IFL์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1.13(0.86-1.48) mmol/L(p < 0.0001)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด IFL์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ BL์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BL๊ณผ IFL์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(r = .77(p < 0.0001) r = .59). Bland-Altman ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, BL์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Serial lactate measurements in microdialysis fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue are feasible, but cannot be used as a reliable interchangeable method for plasma lactate analysis in children after CHS at this time. Whether this technique has its own place in the assessment of the overall hemodynamic status and tissue perfusion in children after CHS needs to be addressed in future studies.
ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํˆฌ์„์•ก์—์„œ ์—ฐ์† ์ –์‚ฐ ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” CHS ํ›„ ์†Œ์•„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ –์‚ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด CHS ํ›„ ์†Œ์•„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์กฐ์ง ๊ด€๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,807
Does an internal ribosome entry site element direct the synthesis of the 80 kDa isoforms of protein 4.1R?
{ "contexts": [ "In red blood cells, protein 4.1 (4.1R) is an 80 kDa protein that stabilizes the spectrin-actin network and anchors it to the plasma membrane through its FERM domain. While the expression pattern of 4.1R in mature red cells is relatively simple, a rather complex array of 4.1R protein isoforms varying in N-terminal extensions, internal sequences and subcellular locations has been identified in nucleated cells. Among these, 135 kDa and 80 kDa isoforms have different N-terminal extensions and are expressed either from AUG1- or AUG2-containing mRNAs, respectively. These two types of mRNAs, varying solely by presence/absence of 17 nucleotides (nt) which contain the AUG1 codon, are produced by alternative splicing of the 4.1R pre-mRNA. It is unknown whether the 699 nt region comprised between AUG1 and AUG2, kept as a 5' untranslated region in AUG2-containing mRNAs, plays a role on 4.1R mRNA translation.", "By analyzing the in vitro expression of a panel of naturally occurring 4.1R cDNAs, we observed that all AUG1/AUG2-containing cDNAs gave rise to both long, 135 kDa, and short, 80 kDa, 4.1R isoforms. More importantly, similar results were also observed in cells transfected with this set of 4.1R cDNAs. Mutational studies indicated that the short isoforms were not proteolytic products of the long isoforms but products synthesized from AUG2. The presence of a cryptic promoter in the 4.1R cDNA sequence was also discounted. When a 583 nt sequence comprised between AUG1 and AUG2 was introduced into bicistronic vectors it directed protein expression from the second cistron. This was also the case when ribosome scanning was abolished by introduction of a stable hairpin at the 5' region of the first cistron. Deletion analysis of the 583 nt sequence indicated that nucleotides 170 to 368 are essential for expression of the second cistron. The polypyrimidine tract-binding protein bound to the 583 nt active sequence but not to an inactive 3'-fragment of 149 nucleotides." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "5' Flanking Region", "Animals", "COS Cells", "Cercopithecus aethiops", "Cytoskeletal Proteins", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Genes", "Genes, Reporter", "Genetic Vectors", "Membrane Proteins", "Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein", "Protein Biosynthesis", "Protein Isoforms" ] }
Our study is the first demonstration of an internal ribosome entry site as a mechanism ensuring the production of 80 kDa isoforms of protein 4.1R. This mechanism might also account for the generation of 60 kDa isoforms of 4.1R from a downstream AUG3. Our results reveal an additional level of control to 4.1R gene expression pathways and will contribute to the understanding of the biology of proteins 4.1R and their homologues, comprising an ample family of proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization.
yes
pub_med_qa40053
[ { "content": "๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ์ง„์ž… ๋ถ€์œ„ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 4.1R์˜ 80 kDa ์ด์†Œํผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ์ง„์ž… ๋ถ€์œ„ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 4.1R์˜ 80 kDa ์ด์†Œํผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Our study is the first demonstration of an internal ribosome entry site as a mechanism ensuring the production of 80 kDa isoforms of protein 4.1R. This mechanism might also account for the generation of 60 kDa isoforms of 4.1R from a downstream AUG3. Our results reveal an additional level of control to 4.1R gene expression pathways and will contribute to the understanding of the biology of proteins 4.1R and their homologues, comprising an ample family of proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 4.1R์˜ 80 kDa ์ด์†Œํผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ์ง„์ž… ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์šด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ AUG3์—์„œ 4.1R์˜ 60 kDa ์ด์†Œํผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 4.1R ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ง์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ตฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 4.1R๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,929
Is a functional variation in CHI3L1 associated with severity of liver fibrosis and YKL-40 serum levels in chronic hepatitis C infection?
{ "contexts": [ "YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein involved in matrix remodelling and a non-invasive fibrosis marker. We assessed whether a functional promoter polymorphism in CHI3L1, encoding YKL-40, is associated with HCV-induced liver fibrosis and influences YKL-40 serum concentrations.", "The CHI3L1 -131G-->C promoter polymorphism was genotyped in two cohorts of HCV infected patients (n=440) by 5'-endonuclease assays. Histological fibrosis scores and YKL-40 serum levels (ELISA) were associated with CHI3L1 -131G-->C by quantitative and qualitative genetic analyses and corrected by multivariate analysis.", "CHI3L1 -131G-->C genotype was strongly associated with the stage of liver fibrosis in the screening (n=265, P=0.001) and validation cohort (n=175, P=0.009). Homozygous carriers of the G allele were protected from severe fibrosis (F3/F4). This association was confirmed after correction for age and gender. Functionally, the G allele was associated with reduced serum levels of YKL-40 in HCV infected patients (P=0.002)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adipokines", "Adult", "Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1", "Female", "Glycoproteins", "Hepatitis C, Chronic", "Humans", "Lectins", "Liver Cirrhosis", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Polymorphism, Genetic", "Promoter Regions, Genetic", "RNA, Messenger" ] }
The CHI3L1 promoter polymorphism -131G-->C determines YKL-40 serum levels and is associated with the severity of HCV-induced liver fibrosis. These results suggest a functional role of YKL-40 in liver fibrogenesis and should be taken into account when using YKL-40 as a non-invasive fibrosis marker.
yes
pub_med_qa40054
[ { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ Cํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์—์„œ CHI3L1์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ YKL-40 ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nYKL-40์€ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚คํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์ œ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” YKL-40์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” CHI3L1์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด HCV์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ YKL-40 ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nCHI3L1 -131G-->C ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์€ 5'-์—”๋„๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์•„์ œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ HCV ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž(n=440)์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ YKL-40 ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜(ELISA)๋Š” ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ฐ ์ •์„ฑ์  ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด CHI3L1 -131G-->C์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nCHI3L1 -131G-->C ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์€ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(n=265, P=0.001) ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ(n=175, P=0.009)์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. G ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋™ํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ณด๊ท ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘์ฆ ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ(F3/F4)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ G ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” HCV ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ YKL-40 ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P=0.002).", "role": "passage" } ]
The CHI3L1 promoter polymorphism -131G-->C determines YKL-40 serum levels and is associated with the severity of HCV-induced liver fibrosis. These results suggest a functional role of YKL-40 in liver fibrogenesis and should be taken into account when using YKL-40 as a non-invasive fibrosis marker.
CHI3L1 ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ -131G-->C๋Š” YKL-40 ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ HCV๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ YKL-40์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ YKL-40์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,083,085
Does maurocalcine as a non toxic drug carrier overcome doxorubicin resistance in the cancer cell line MDA-MB 231?
{ "contexts": [ "The aim of this study is to overcome tumour cell resistance that generally develops after administration of commonly used anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin.", "Recently, cell penetrating peptides have been used for their ability to deliver non-permeant compounds into cells. One such cell penetrating peptide, maurocalcine, has been isolated from the venom of a Tunisian scorpion. Herein, we report the effects of doxorubicin covalently coupled to an analogue of maurocalcine on drug-sensitive or drug-resistant cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB 231.", "We demonstrated the in vitro anti-tumoral efficacy of the doxorubicin maurocalcine conjugate. On a doxorubicin-sensitive cancer cell line, the maurocalcine-conjugated form appears slightly less efficient than doxorubicin itself. On the contrary, on a doxorubicin-resistant cancer cell line, doxorubicin coupling allows to overcome the drug resistance. This strategy can be generalized to other cell penetrating peptides since Tat and penetratin show similar effects." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antibiotics, Antineoplastic", "Breast Neoplasms", "Cell Survival", "Chemistry, Pharmaceutical", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Doxorubicin", "Drug Carriers", "Drug Compounding", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Female", "Humans", "Scorpion Venoms", "Time Factors" ] }
We conclude that coupling anti-tumoral drugs to cell penetrating peptides represent a valuable strategy to overcome drug resistance.
yes
pub_med_qa40055
[ { "content": "๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด์ธ ๋งˆ์šฐ๋กœ์นผ์‹ ์€ ์•”์„ธํฌ์ฃผ MDA-MB 231์—์„œ ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์•”์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ ์นจํˆฌ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ์นจํˆฌ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋งˆ์šฐ๋กœ์นผ์‹ ์€ ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์ „๊ฐˆ์˜ ๋…์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ MCF7 ๋ฐ MDA-MB 231์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ๋กœ์นผ์‹  ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์™€ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ๋งˆ์šฐ๋กœ์นผ์‹  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ๋กœ์นผ์‹  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ „๋žต์€ Tat๊ณผ ํŽ˜์ดํŠธ๋ผํ‹ด์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ ์นจํˆฌ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์—๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
We conclude that coupling anti-tumoral drugs to cell penetrating peptides represent a valuable strategy to overcome drug resistance.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธํฌ ์นจํˆฌ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ž„์„ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,082,668
Does exogenous ghrelin enhance endocrine and exocrine regeneration in pancreatectomized rats?
{ "contexts": [ "Ghrelin, the most important modulator of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions, has a role in the development of islets of Langerhans during embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ghrelin on pancreatic regeneration in rats with 90% pancreatectomy.", "Two- to 3-week-old Wistar rats were used in the study. After anesthesia, 90% pancreatectomy was performed. In the ghrelin group, 90% pancreatectomy was performed. Ten nanomoles per kilogram per day of ghrelin was administered intraperitoneally from the first postoperative day. In the antagonist group, 90% pancreatectomy was performed. From the first postoperative day, rats received the ghrelin receptor antagonists and substance P intraperitoneally at 1 mumol/kg. In the control group, 90% pancreatectomy was performed, and intraperitoneal saline was administered. The sham group did not receive pancreatectomy. Eight rats from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed on the second, third, and 30th days.", "Blood glucose levels in pacreatectomized rats were significantly higher than in rats in the sham group. The number of beta islet cells, serum insulin levels, and PDX-1 and cytokeratin staining scores decreased in rats with pancreatectomy when compared to the sham-group rats. In the ghrelin-receiving rats, blood glucose levels tended to decrease from the 15th postoperative day. Ghrelin treatment increased insulin levels, insulin-positive islet cell number, and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and PDX-1 staining, whereas ghrelin antagonist administration resulted in significant decreases in these parameters. Ghrelin treatment significantly improved glucose tolerance test results." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Blood Glucose", "Cell Count", "Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental", "Ghrelin", "Islets of Langerhans", "Pancreatectomy", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Regeneration" ] }
Exogenous ghrelin administration decreased blood glucose levels after 90% pancreatectomy by increasing islet cell numbers and enhancing endocrine and exocrine regeneration.
yes
pub_med_qa40056
[ { "content": "์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์ด ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ๋œ ์ฅ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ„๋น„ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ„๋น„ ์ทŒ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์€ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋ž‘๊ฒŒ๋ฅดํ•œ์Šค ์„ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์ด 90%์ธ ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2~3์ฃผ ๋œ ์œ„์Šคํƒ€ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ทจ ํ›„ 90% ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 90% ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋‹น 10๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ชฐ์„ ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋‚ด๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 90% ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ P๋ฅผ 1๋ฌด๋ชฐ/kg์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋‚ด๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 90% ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์งœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ 8๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘˜์งธ, ์…‹์งธ, 30์ผ์งธ์— ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฅ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์„ฌ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜, PDX-1 ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์ผ€๋ผํ‹ด ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 15์ผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜, ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ฌ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜, 5-๋ธŒ๋กœ๋ชจ-2-๋ฐ์˜ฅ์‹œ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ๋ฐ PDX-1 ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋‹น๋Šฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Exogenous ghrelin administration decreased blood glucose levels after 90% pancreatectomy by increasing islet cell numbers and enhancing endocrine and exocrine regeneration.
์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” 90% ์ทŒ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ›„ ์„ฌ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ„๋น„ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,084,393
Is glutathione-S-transferase pi ( GSTP1 ) codon 105 polymorphism associated with oxaliplatin efficacy or toxicity in advanced colorectal cancer patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Oxaliplatin is detoxified by conjugation to glutathione via the enzyme Glutathione-S-transferase pi (GSTP1). The aim of this study is to investigate the association of GSTP1 Ile105Val genetic polymorphism with oxaliplatin efficacy and toxicity in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC) patients.", "A total of 91 ACC patients received capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) as a part of a multicentre phase-III study of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Tumour response was evaluated according to RECIST, toxicity was graded using CTC, and GSTP1 Ile105Val was determined by pyrosequencing.", "Overall survival after CAPOX was similar for patients with the Ile/Ile (11.5 mo), Ile/Val (11.6 mo) and Val/Val (12.6 mo) genotypes (p=0.602). Likewise, there were no statistically significant differences in progression-free survival (p=0.252). Overall grades 3-4 toxicity was not related to genotype (p=0.313). There were no differences in any grade or grades 3-4 neurotoxicity amongst the patients who received > or =500 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin (p-values of 0.376 and 0.772, respectively)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols", "Capecitabine", "Codon", "Colorectal Neoplasms", "Deoxycytidine", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Female", "Fluorouracil", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Genotype", "Glutathione S-Transferase pi", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neurotoxicity Syndromes", "Organoplatinum Compounds", "Oxaliplatin", "Polymorphism, Genetic", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
The results of this study indicate that the GSTP1 genotype is not predictive for progression-free survival or overall survival in ACC patients treated with CAPOX. Moreover, overall neurotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients receiving 500 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin was not associated with GSTP1 genotype.
no
pub_med_qa40057
[ { "content": "๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์˜จ-S-ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ ํŒŒ์ด(GSTP1) ์ฝ”๋ˆ 105 ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด ํšจ๋Šฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด์€ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์˜จ-S-ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ ํŒŒ์ด(GSTP1) ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์˜จ์— ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ํ•ด๋…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”(ACC) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ GSTP1 Ile105Val ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด ํšจ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๋…์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๊ด€ 3์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด 91๋ช…์˜ ACC ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์นดํŽ˜์‹œํƒ€๋นˆ๊ณผ ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด(CAPOX)์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ RECIST์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋…์„ฑ์€ CTC๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค๊ฒจ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, GSTP1 Ile105Val์€ ํŒŒ์ด๋กœ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nCAPOX ํ›„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ Ile/Ile(11.5๊ฐœ์›”), Ile/Val(11.6๊ฐœ์›”) ๋ฐ Val/Val(12.6๊ฐœ์›”) ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•(p=0.602) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฌด์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒ์กด์œจ(p=0.252)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด 3-4๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•(p=0.313)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด์„ > ๋˜๋Š” =500 mg/m(2) ์ด์ƒ(p-๊ฐ’ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.376 ๋ฐ 0.772) ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” 3-4๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The results of this study indicate that the GSTP1 genotype is not predictive for progression-free survival or overall survival in ACC patients treated with CAPOX. Moreover, overall neurotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients receiving 500 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin was not associated with GSTP1 genotype.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” CAPOX๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ACC ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ GSTP1 ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด 500mg/m(2)์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ์€ GSTP1 ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,061,005
Does ginger extract ( Zingiber officinale ) have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats?
{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate the effect of ginger extract on the expression of NFkappaB and TNF-alpha in liver cancer-induced rats.", "Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups based on diet: i) control (given normal rat chow), ii) olive oil, iii) ginger extract (100mg/kg body weight), iv) choline-deficient diet + 0.1% ethionine to induce liver cancer and v) choline-deficient diet + ginger extract (100mg/kg body weight). Tissue samples obtained at eight weeks were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin wax, followed by immunohistochemistry staining for NFkappaB and TNF-alpha.", "The expression of NFkappaB was detected in the choline-deficient diet group, with 88.3 +/- 1.83% of samples showing positive staining, while in the choline-deficient diet supplemented with ginger group, the expression of NFkappaB was significantly reduced, to 32.35 +/- 1.34% (p<0.05). In the choline-deficient diet group, 83.3 +/- 4.52% of samples showed positive staining of TNF-alpha, which was significantly reduced to 7.94 +/- 1.32% (p<0.05) when treated with ginger. There was a significant correlation demonstrated between NFkappaB and TNF-alpha in the choline-deficient diet group but not in the choline-deficient diet treated with ginger extract group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Anti-Inflammatory Agents", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Ethionine", "Ginger", "Immunohistochemistry", "Liver Neoplasms, Experimental", "Male", "NF-kappa B", "Plant Extracts", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" ] }
In conclusion, ginger extract significantly reduced the elevated expression of NFkappaB and TNF-alpha in rats with liver cancer. Ginger may act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NFkappaB through the suppression of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha.
yes
pub_med_qa40058
[ { "content": "์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ(Zingiber Officinale)์ด ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ฐ„์ข… ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์•” ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ฐ„์•”์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด NFkappaB์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜์ปท ์œ„์Šคํƒ€ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์‹๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: i) ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(์ •์ƒ ์ฅ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ณต), iii) ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์˜ค์ผ, iii) ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ(100mg/kg ์ฒด์ค‘), iv) ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ์‹๋‹จ + ๊ฐ„์•” ์œ ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 0.1% ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ, v) ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ์‹๋‹จ + ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ(100mg/kg ์ฒด์ค‘). 8์ฃผ์งธ์— ์–ป์€ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํฌ๋ฅด๋ง๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ์™์Šค์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ NFkappaB์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 88.3%์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ NFkappaB์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ 88.3 +/- 1.83%์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ƒ๊ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” NFkappaB์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด 32.35 +/- 1.34%(p<0.05)๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 83.3 +/- 4.52%์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ์–‘์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ 7.94 +/- 1.32%(p<0.05)๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” NFkappaB์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In conclusion, ginger extract significantly reduced the elevated expression of NFkappaB and TNF-alpha in rats with liver cancer. Ginger may act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NFkappaB through the suppression of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ• ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ„์•” ์ฅ์—์„œ NFkappaB์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐ•์€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด NFkappaB๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์•” ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,078,912
Does early mobilisation in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis increase the risk of a symptomatic pulmonary embolism?
{ "contexts": [ "The purpose of the study was to determine if early mobilisation in patients with acute lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) increases the incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) and to evaluate the predisposing factors for PE such as location of the thrombus and duration of symptoms.", "The current study was a prospective randomised clinical trial. Between January 2005 and December 2007, 219 patients with acute lower limb DVT were enrolled in the study (118 males and 101 females); the mean age was 64.2 years.", "<15 days of initial symptoms, life expectancy >1 year, no life-threatening clinical conditions, and signed informed consent. The patients were randomised into two groups. Group A, 105 patients (47.9%) were hospitalized and received 5 days of bed rest; Group B, 114 patients (52.1%) received care at home with early walking and compression stockings. The primary end point was the presence of symptomatic PE during the first 10 days of treatment. The relationships between the duration of symptoms, location of the thrombus, and symptomatic PE were also analysed.", "Five cases of symptomatic PE were detected (2.3%), three in Group B and two in Group A. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of new PE between the two groups (P=0.54). Likewise, no difference was detected based on the duration of symptoms (P=0.62) and the location of the thrombus (P=0.43)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute Disease", "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Anticoagulants", "Bed Rest", "Chi-Square Distribution", "Early Ambulation", "Female", "Home Care Services", "Hospitalization", "Humans", "Incidence", "Lower Extremity", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Proportional Hazards Models", "Prospective Studies", "Pulmonary Embolism", "Restraint, Physical", "Risk Assessment", "Risk Factors", "Spain", "Stockings, Compression", "Time Factors", "Treatment Outcome", "Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex", "Venous Thrombosis", "Walking", "Young Adult" ] }
In acute DVT , early walking, thrombus location, and duration of the symptoms did not influence the incidence of symptomatic PE.
no
pub_med_qa40059
[ { "content": "๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์›์ด ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ•˜์ง€ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ(DVT) ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์›์ด ์ฆ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ์ƒ‰์ „์ฆ(PE) ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ PE์˜ ์†Œ์ธ ์š”์ธ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2005๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ•˜์ง€ DVT ํ™˜์ž 219๋ช…(๋‚จ์„ฑ 118๋ช…, ์—ฌ์„ฑ 101๋ช…)์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 64.2์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 15์ผ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช… 1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ, ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์—†์Œ, ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ ์„œ๋ช…. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน A, 105๋ช…(47.9%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž…์›ํ•˜์—ฌ 5์ผ๊ฐ„ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฃน B, 114๋ช…(52.1%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์••๋ฐ• ์Šคํƒ€ํ‚น์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒซ 10์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” PE์˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ํ˜ˆ์ „ ์œ„์น˜, ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” PE ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” PE ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” 5๊ฑด(2.3%), ๊ทธ๋ฃน B์—์„œ 3๊ฑด, ๊ทธ๋ฃน A์—์„œ 2๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด PE ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P=0.54). ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(P=0.62)๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์ „ ์œ„์น˜(P=0.43)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In acute DVT , early walking, thrombus location, and duration of the symptoms did not influence the incidence of symptomatic PE.
๊ธ‰์„ฑ DVT์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ–‰, ํ˜ˆ์ „ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” PE์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,060,951
Do bK channels regulate spontaneous action potential rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
{ "contexts": [ "Circadian ( approximately 24 hr) rhythms are generated by the central pacemaker localized to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Although the basis for intrinsic rhythmicity is generally understood to rely on transcription factors encoded by \"clock genes\", less is known about the daily regulation of SCN neuronal activity patterns that communicate a circadian time signal to downstream behaviors and physiological systems. Action potentials in the SCN are necessary for the circadian timing of behavior, and individual SCN neurons modulate their spontaneous firing rate (SFR) over the daily cycle, suggesting that the circadian patterning of neuronal activity is necessary for normal behavioral rhythm expression. The BK K(+) channel plays an important role in suppressing spontaneous firing at night in SCN neurons. Deletion of the Kcnma1 gene, encoding the BK channel, causes degradation of circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms.", "To test the hypothesis that loss of robust behavioral rhythmicity in Kcnma1(-/-) mice is due to the disruption of SFR rhythms in the SCN, we used multi-electrode arrays to record extracellular action potentials from acute wild-type (WT) and Kcnma1(-/-) slices. Patterns of activity in the SCN were tracked simultaneously for up to 3 days, and the phase, period, and synchronization of SFR rhythms were examined. Loss of BK channels increased arrhythmicity but also altered the amplitude and period of rhythmic activity. Unexpectedly, Kcnma1(-/-) SCNs showed increased variability in the timing of the daily SFR peak." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Action Potentials", "Animals", "Circadian Rhythm", "Electrodes", "In Vitro Techniques", "Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits", "Mice", "Physical Conditioning, Animal", "Suprachiasmatic Nucleus", "Time Factors" ] }
These results suggest that BK channels regulate multiple aspects of the circadian patterning of neuronal activity in the SCN. In addition, these data illustrate the characteristics of a disrupted SCN rhythm downstream of clock gene-mediated timekeeping and its relationship to behavioral rhythms.
yes
pub_med_qa40060
[ { "content": "bK ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์ดˆ๊ฒฉ๋™ ํ•ต์—์„œ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ „์œ„ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ(์•ฝ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„)์€ ์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒํ•ต(SCN)์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์กฐ์œจ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ \"์‹œ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ „์ž\"์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” SCN ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํ™œ๋™ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ผ์ผ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ–‰๋™ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” SCN์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ SCN ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์€ ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋ฐœํ™”์œจ(SFR)์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํŒจํ„ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BK(+) ์ฑ„๋„์€ SCN ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋ฐœํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BK ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” Kcnma1 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์‚ญ์ œ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nKcnma1(-/-) ์ฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ์†์‹ค์ด SCN์˜ SFR ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜•(WT) ๋ฐ Kcnma1(-/-) ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์Šค์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ํ™œ๋™ ์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SCN์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  SFR ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BK ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ์†์‹ค์€ ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ง„ํญ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ Kcnma1(-/-) SCN์€ ์ผ์ผ SFR ํ”ผํฌ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that BK channels regulate multiple aspects of the circadian patterning of neuronal activity in the SCN. In addition, these data illustrate the characteristics of a disrupted SCN rhythm downstream of clock gene-mediated timekeeping and its relationship to behavioral rhythms.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” BK ์ฑ„๋„์ด SCN์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํŒจํ„ดํ™”์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋งค๊ฐœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ SCN ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,077,278
Does lipocalin 2 promote lung metastasis of murine breast cancer cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Lipocalin 2, an iron binding protein, is abnormally expressed in some malignant human cancers and may play an important role in tumor metastasis. However, the roles of lipocalin 2 in breast cancer formation and metastasis have not been clearly shown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of lipocalin 2 in breast tumor metastasis.", "Lipocalin 2 was overexpressed in the metastatic 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells. The effects of lipocalin 2 overexpression on the malignancy of breast cancer cells were examined using cell proliferation assay, migration assay, invasion assay, and soft agar assay in vitro. Tumor formation and metastasis abilities were examined using a well established mouse mammary tumor model in vivo.", "Lipocalin 2 overexpression significantly enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of 4T1 cells in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo. But overexpression of lipocalin 2 in 4T1 cells didn't affect cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and primary tumor weight in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway could be a causative mechanism for the promotion of breast cancer migration/invasion induced by lipocalin 2 overexpression." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute-Phase Proteins", "Animals", "Cell Adhesion", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Proliferation", "Lipocalin-2", "Lipocalins", "Lung Neoplasms", "Mammary Neoplasms, Animal", "Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental", "Mice", "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "Oncogene Proteins", "Transfection" ] }
These results clarified that lipocalin 2 could promote lung metastasis of 4T1 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that lipocalin 2 was a potential target for therapy of breast cancer.
yes
pub_med_qa40061
[ { "content": "๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2๋Š” ์ฅ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฒ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•…์„ฑ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์•”์—์„œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ข…์–‘ ์ „์ด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „์ด์—์„œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์ข…์–‘ ์ „์ด์—์„œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ „์ด์„ฑ 4T1 ์ฅ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์•…์„ฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๋ถ„์„, ์ด๋™ ๋ถ„์„, ์นจ์Šต ๋ถ„์„, ์—ฐ์งˆ ํ•œ์ฒœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ž˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์œ ๋ฐฉ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด 4T1 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๋ฐ ์นจ์ž… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ํ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 4T1 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ • ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PI3K/Akt ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ด๋™/์นจ์Šต ์ด‰์ง„์˜ ์›์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results clarified that lipocalin 2 could promote lung metastasis of 4T1 cells through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that lipocalin 2 was a potential target for therapy of breast cancer.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2๊ฐ€ PI3K/Akt ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 4T1 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฆฌํฌ์นผ๋ฆฐ 2๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,111
Does virus-specific IgE enhance airway responsiveness on reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus in newborn mice?
{ "contexts": [ "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific IgE is a component of the host response to RSV infection, but its role in the subsequent enhancement of altered airway responsiveness is unknown.", "To define the role of RSV-specific IgE in the enhancement of airway responsiveness on reinfection of newborn mice.", "Mice were infected as newborns with RSV and were reinfected 5 weeks later. The role of IgE was determined by documenting RSV-specific IgE response after neonatal infection, and by assessing airway responsiveness on reinfection.", "After neonatal infection, wild-type (WT) mice developed an RSV-specific IgE response. On reinfection, these mice developed enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway eosinophilia, and mucus hyperproduction, and their T-cell cytokine response was skewed toward a T(H)2 phenotype. None of these altered responses developed on reinfection of IL-4(-/-)/IL-13(-/-) mice, and no RSV-specific IgE could be detected after neonatal infection of these mice. Fc epsilon RI(-/-) mice did not develop the enhanced AHR on reinfection, and airway eosinophilia and mucus production were significantly attenuated. These responses could be restored in deficient mice reconstituted with WT mast cells. In RSV-infected newborn WT mice, administration of anti-IgE prevented the enhancement of AHR and attenuated eosinophilia and mucus hyperproduction on reinfection, an effect that was associated with diminished T(H)2 cytokine production and increased IFN-gamma production." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Animals, Newborn", "Antibodies, Viral", "Immunoglobulin E", "Interleukin-13", "Interleukin-4", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "Mice, Knockout", "Receptors, IgE", "Respiratory Hypersensitivity", "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections", "Respiratory Syncytial Viruses", "Th2 Cells" ] }
Respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE enhances the development of T(H)2-biased airway responsiveness on reinfection of mice initially infected as newborns.
yes
pub_med_qa40062
[ { "content": "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํŠน์ด IgE๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ฅ์—์„œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์žฌ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํŠน์ด IgE๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ฅ์—์„œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์žฌ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
Respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE enhances the development of T(H)2-biased airway responsiveness on reinfection of mice initially infected as newborns.
ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํŠน์ด์  IgE๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ฅ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ T(H)2 ํŽธํ–ฅ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,064,263
Do birefringence characteristics in sperm heads allow for the selection of reacted spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection?
{ "contexts": [ "To verify clinical outcome after injection of spermatozoa that have undergone the acrosome reaction (reacted spermatozoa) vs. those still having an intact acrosome (nonreacted spermatozoa).", "Prospective, randomized study.", "Reproductive Medicine Unit, Italian Society for the Study of Reproductive Medicine, Bologna, Italy.", "According to a prospective randomization including 71 couples with severe male factor infertility, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed under polarized light that permitted analysis of the pattern of birefringence in the sperm head. Twenty-three patients had their oocytes injected with reacted spermatozoa, 26 patient's oocytes were injected with nonreacted spermatozoa, and in 22 patients both reacted and nonreacted spermatozoa were injected.", "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed under polarized light to selectively inject acrosome-reacted and acrosome-nonreacted spermatozoa.", "Rates of fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy, implantation, and ongoing implantation.", "There was no effect on the fertilizing capacity and embryo development of either type of sperm, whereas the implantation rate was higher in oocytes injected with reacted spermatozoa (39.0%) vs. those injected with nonreacted spermatozoa (8.6%). The implantation rate was 24.4% in the group injected with both reacted and nonreacted spermatozoa. The delivery rate per cycle followed the same trend." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acrosome Reaction", "Adult", "Asthenozoospermia", "Birefringence", "Cell Separation", "Embryo Implantation", "Female", "Fertilization", "Humans", "Infertility, Male", "Male", "Microscopy, Polarization", "Pregnancy", "Pregnancy Outcome", "Prospective Studies", "Sperm Head", "Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic", "Spermatozoa" ] }
Spermatozoa that have undergone the acrosome reaction seem to be more prone to supporting the development of viable ICSI embryos.
yes
pub_med_qa40063
[ { "content": "์ •์ž ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋‚ด ์ •์ž ์ฃผ์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฒจ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ •์ž(๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž)์™€ ์•„์ง ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ฒจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ •์ž(๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž)์˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\n์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ณผ๋กœ๋ƒ ์ƒ์‹์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ์‹์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํšŒ.\n\n4)\n์ค‘์ฆ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ธ์ž ๋ถˆ์ž„ ๋ถ€๋ถ€ 71์Œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ž ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณต๊ตด์ ˆ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽธ๊ด‘ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋‚ด ์ •์ž ์ฃผ์ž…(ICSI)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 23๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  26๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‚œ์ž์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 22๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\n์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋‚ด ์ •์ž ์ฃผ์ž…์€ ํŽธ๊ด‘๋œ ๋น› ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์ฒจ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž์™€ ์ฒจ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ •์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n6)\n์ˆ˜์ •, ์ ˆ๋‹จ, ์ž„์‹ , ์ฐฉ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ฐฉ์ƒ ์†๋„.\n\n7)\n๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ(39.0%)์˜ ์ฐฉ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ(8.6%)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ ์ •์ž์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฐฉ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 24.4%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋‹น ๋ถ„๋งŒ์œจ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Spermatozoa that have undergone the acrosome reaction seem to be more prone to supporting the development of viable ICSI embryos.
์ฒจ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ •์ž๋Š” ์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ICSI ๋ฐฐ์•„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,060,274
Is the severity of retinal degeneration in Rp1h gene-targeted mice dependent on genetic background?
{ "contexts": [ "The severity of disease in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) can vary significantly, even among patients with the same primary mutations. It is hypothesized that modifier genes play important roles in determining the severity of RP, including the retinitis pigmentosa 1 (RP1) form of disease. To investigate the basis of variation in disease expression for RP1 disease, the authors generated congenic mice with a gene-targeted retinitis pigmentosa 1 homolog (Rp1h) allele (Rp1h(tm1Eap)) on several different genetic backgrounds and analyzed their retinal phenotypes.", "The Rp1h(tm1Eap) allele was placed onto the C57BL/6J, DBA1/J, and A/J backgrounds. Retinal function of the resultant congenic mice was evaluated using electroretinographic analyses. Retinal structure and ultrastructure were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Rp1h protein location was determined with immunofluorescence microscopy.", "Analysis of the retinal phenotype of incipient congenic (N6) B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap), DBA.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap), and A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) mice at 1 year of age showed retinal degeneration only in the A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) mice. Further analyses revealed that the photoreceptors of the fully congenic A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) mice show evidence of degeneration at 6 months of age and are almost completely lost by 18 months of age. In contrast, the photoreceptor cells in the fully congenic B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) mice remain healthy up to 18 months." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Crosses, Genetic", "Electroretinography", "Gene Targeting", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Mice", "Mice, Congenic", "Mice, Inbred A", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mice, Inbred DBA", "Microscopy, Fluorescence", "Microtubule-Associated Proteins", "Phenotype", "Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate", "Retinal Degeneration" ] }
The severity of the retinal degeneration caused by the Rp1h(tm1Eap) allele is notably dependent on genetic background. The development and characterization of the B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) and A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) congenic mouse lines will facilitate identification of sequence alterations in genes that modify the severity of RP1 disease.
yes
pub_med_qa40064
[ { "content": "Rp1h ์œ ์ „์ž ํ‘œ์  ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rp1h ์œ ์ „์ž ํ‘œ์  ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
The severity of the retinal degeneration caused by the Rp1h(tm1Eap) allele is notably dependent on genetic background. The development and characterization of the B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) and A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) congenic mouse lines will facilitate identification of sequence alterations in genes that modify the severity of RP1 disease.
Rp1h(tm1Eap) ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. B6.129S-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) ๋ฐ A.129S(B6)-Rp1h(+/tm1Eap) ์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๋Š” RP1 ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์„œ์—ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,060,270
Does bovine lactoferrin stimulate human corneal epithelial alkali wound healing in vitro?
{ "contexts": [ "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) on human corneal epithelial wound healing using an in vitro alkali-induced wound model and to understand its role in promoting wound healing.", "Confluent human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells wounded using 0.5 microL of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide were treated with BLF (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) or anti-human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor neutralizing antibody (anti-IL-6 antibody; 1, 10, and 50 microg/mL) or tyrphostin AG1295 (an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF] receptor kinase; 1 and 10 microM), IL-6, or PDGF-BB. The conditioned medium collected for BLF treatment (0 and 5 mg/mL) was analyzed using a protein array for a number of cytokines/growth factors involved in corneal wound healing. A preliminary animal study using mice was carried out to determine the effect of BLF on alkali wounds.", "BLF at 2.5 and 5 mg/mL promoted wound healing (P<0.01). During wound closure, BLF upregulated PDGF-BB 180-fold and IL-6 10-fold compared with control. Treatment with tyrphostin AG1295 (10 microM; P<0.01) or anti-IL-6 antibody (50 microg/mL; P<0.01) in the presence of BLF inhibited wound closure, whereas the addition of exogenous IL-6 and PDGF-BB promoted wound closure. Preliminary animal studies have shown that BLF (5 mg/mL) promotes alkali wound healing in vivo." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Burns, Chemical", "Cell Movement", "Cell Proliferation", "Cells, Cultured", "Cytokines", "Disease Models, Animal", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Epithelium, Corneal", "Eye Burns", "Fibronectins", "Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect", "Humans", "Lactoferrin", "Limbus Corneae", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "Sodium Hydroxide", "Tyrphostins", "Wound Healing" ] }
These results suggest that BLF at >or=2.5 mg/mL stimulates HCLE wound healing, and this stimulation is mediated through the upregulation of PDGF or IL-6.
yes
pub_med_qa40065
[ { "content": "์†Œ ๋ฝํ† ํŽ˜๋ฆฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ ๋ฝํ† ํŽ˜๋ฆฐ(BLF)์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ  ์ด‰์ง„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n0.5 ฮผL์˜ 0.1 M ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ์ ˆ๊ณจ ์ƒํ”ผ(HCLE) ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ BLF(0, 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5 mg/mL) ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-6(IL-6) ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ค‘ํ™” ํ•ญ์ฒด(ํ•ญ IL-6 ํ•ญ์ฒด; 1, 10, 50 ฮผg/mL) ๋˜๋Š” ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดํฌ์Šคํ‹ด AG1295(ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž [PDGF] ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ; 1 ๋ฐ 10 ฮผM, IL-6 ๋˜๋Š” PDGF-BB)๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BLF ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ์ง€(0 ๋ฐ 5 mg/mL)๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ/์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BLF์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋™๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nBLF๋Š” 2.5 mg/mL ๋ฐ 5 mg/mL์—์„œ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P<0.01). ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ํ์‡„ ๋™์•ˆ BLF๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด PDGF-BB๋ฅผ 180๋ฐฐ, IL-6๋ฅผ 10๋ฐฐ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดํฌ์Šคํ‹ด AG1295(10 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœM; P<0.01) ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ IL-6 ํ•ญ์ฒด(50 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœg/mL; P<0.01)๋ฅผ BLF ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ํ์‡„๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ IL-6์™€ PDGF-BB๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ํ์‡„๊ฐ€ ์ด‰์ง„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋™๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด BLF(5 mg/mL)๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that BLF at >or=2.5 mg/mL stimulates HCLE wound healing, and this stimulation is mediated through the upregulation of PDGF or IL-6.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” BLF๊ฐ€ > ๋˜๋Š” = 2.5 mg/mL์ผ ๋•Œ HCLE ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ž๊ทน์€ PDGF ๋˜๋Š” IL-6์˜ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,721
Does beta-adrenergic agonism impair the GH response to acylated ghrelin in humans?
{ "contexts": [ "Acylated ghrelin (AG) is a physiological GH secretion amplifier, in part stimulating GHRH neurones and antagonizing somatostatin activity. In humans, AG is one of the most potent pharmacological stimuli of GH secretion and, unlike GHRH, is refractory to the inhibitory effect of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and somatostatin. Somatotroph secretion is also profoundly modulated by the adrenergic system. Indeed, beta-adrenergic agonists abolish spontaneous and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion. Based on these data, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of beta adrenergic agonism on the GH response to AG.", "Six young healthy male volunteers underwent: (a) acute AG intravenous (iv) administration (1.0 microg/kg); (b) salbutamol infusion (SLB; 0.06 microg/kg/min iv); (c) AG + SLB; and (d) saline infusion. In all sessions GH levels were assayed every 15 min from time -30 to +210 min.", "SLB induced a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of spontaneous GH secretion that persisted up to 75 min after SLB withdrawal. AG induced a marked increase (P < 0.01) in GH that was not modified by SLB." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acylation", "Adrenergic beta-Agonists", "Adult", "Albuterol", "Ghrelin", "Human Growth Hormone", "Humans", "Infusions, Intravenous", "Male", "Somatostatin" ] }
The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease.
no
pub_med_qa40066
[ { "content": "๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•„์‹คํ™” ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ GH ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์•„์‹คํ™” ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ(AG)์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  GH ๋ถ„๋น„ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” GHRH ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋งˆํ† ์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ธธํ•ญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ AG๋Š” GH ๋ถ„๋น„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ž๊ทน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ, GHRH์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋„๋‹น, ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ(FFA) ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋งˆํ† ์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋ถˆ์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋งˆํ† ํŠธ๋กœํ”„ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ด๊ณ  GHRH๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋œ GH ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ํ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด AG์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ GH ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: (a) ๊ธ‰์„ฑ AG ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ (iv) (1.0 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ/kg); (b) ์‚ด๋ถ€ํƒ€๋ชฐ ์ฃผ์ž… (SLB; 0.06 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ/kg/๋ถ„ iv); (c) AG + SLB; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (d) ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ž…. ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ GH ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” -30๋ถ„์—์„œ +210๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งค 15๋ถ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nSLB๋Š” SLB ๊ธˆ๋‹จ ํ›„ 75๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ GH ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ(P < 0.05) ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AG๋Š” SLB์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ GH์˜ ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€(P < 0.01)๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The GH-releasing effect of AG is refractory to the inhibitory effect of SLB-induced beta-adrenergic receptor activation. Although further studies are needed to confirm these results during the lifespan and particularly during prolonged exposure to beta agonists, the present data clearly suggest that, among GH stimulatory tests, AG administration might be the most suitable in clinical conditions of chronic treatment with beta-2 agonists, such as in asthmatic disease.
AG์˜ GH ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” SLB๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋ถˆ์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋™์•ˆ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” GH ์ž๊ทน ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ์ฒœ์‹ ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-2 ์ž‘์šฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ AG ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,075,193
Does aortic valvular calcification predict restenosis after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients on chronic haemodialysis?
{ "contexts": [ "Even in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era, the restenosis rate of the follow-up period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is higher in haemodialysis (HD) patients than in non-HD patients. Therefore, higher restenosis remains a clinical limitation in HD patients, and a simple clinical method to predict patients likely to have restenosis after stent implantation is attractive. The present study investigated the potential relationship between aortic valvular calcification (AVC) and angiographical restenosis at follow-up after DES implantation in patients on maintenance HD.", "In the study, 97 patients were enrolled. We prospectively performed echocardiography before elective PCI with DES implantation. Angiographic follow-up was scheduled between 6 and 8 months after PCI. Restenosis at follow-up was defined as a diameter stenosis of > or =50% by measuring quantitative coronary angiography.", "Of the enrolled patients, 59 patients (60.8%) had AVC. Complete angiographical follow-up was obtained in 86 patients (88.7%). The angiographical restenosis rate during the follow-up period was 24.7% in patients with AVC and 8.9% in patients without AVC [hazard ratio (HR) 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-9.56, P = 0.023]. Even after multivariate adjustment including covariates related to atherogenecity, AVC remained an independent predictor of restenosis after implanting DES (HR 3.83; 95% CI 1.14-12.9, P = 0.029). Late lumen loss suggesting neointimal growth after DES implantation was 0.28 +/- 0.70 mm in the non-AVC group and 0.64 +/- 0.90 mm in the AVC group (P = 0.013)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aortic Valve", "Calcinosis", "Cardiomyopathies", "Coronary Angiography", "Coronary Restenosis", "Drug-Eluting Stents", "Echocardiography", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Kidney Failure, Chronic", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Renal Dialysis", "Risk Factors" ] }
AVC provides predictive information regarding DES implantation in patients on maintenance HD.
yes
pub_med_qa40067
[ { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šฉ์ถœ ์Šคํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ํŒ๋ง‰ ์„ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ˜‘์ฐฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šฉ์ถœ ์Šคํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ํŒ๋ง‰ ์„ํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ˜‘์ฐฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
AVC provides predictive information regarding DES implantation in patients on maintenance HD.
AVC๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ HD ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ DES ์ด์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,683
Is reg IV expression associated with cell growth and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the salivary gland?
{ "contexts": [ "Regenerating islet-derived family, member 4 (Reg IV) is associated with the progression of various cancers. The aim was to examine Reg IV expression in adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) in salivary glands.", "Reg IV expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological parameters. Expression of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and MUC2 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Reg IV function was assessed with Reg IV antisense S-oligodeoxynucleotides (AS) in ACC3 human ACC cells. Reg IV was expressed by salivary duct epithelia and acinus myoepithelia, but not in squamous epithelia. Reg IV expression was found in 41% (17/41) of ACCs, but in none of 40 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and was associated with nodal metastasis (P = 0.047) and poor prognosis (P = 0.012) in ACCs. Reg IV expression was associated with pEGFR (14/17, 82%) in Reg IV+ ACCs, but had no relationship with pAKT or MUC2 expression in ACCs. Cell growth was inhibited by AS treatment in Reg IV+ ACC3 cells, but not in HSC-4 OSCC cells, whereas in vitro invasion of neither cell types was affected by AS treatment." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Proliferation", "Disease Progression", "Disease-Free Survival", "ErbB Receptors", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Lectins, C-Type", "Mucin-2", "Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins", "Phosphorylation", "Prognosis", "Salivary Gland Neoplasms", "Salivary Glands" ] }
These results suggest that Reg IV might accelerate cell growth and disease progression of ACCs.
yes
pub_med_qa40068
[ { "content": "reg IV ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์นจ์ƒ˜์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ๋‚ญ์„ฑ ์•”์ข…์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "reg IV ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์นจ์ƒ˜์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ๋‚ญ์„ฑ ์•”์ข…์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that Reg IV might accelerate cell growth and disease progression of ACCs.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Reg IV๊ฐ€ ACC์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,421
Does association of IS26-composite transposons and complex In4-type integrons generate novel multidrug resistance loci in Salmonella genomic island 1?
{ "contexts": [ "Clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Haifa and Newport, which displayed extended multidrug resistance phenotypes, were investigated for the presence of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) and the genetic organization of its antibiotic resistance gene clusters.", "The S. enterica strains were isolated from humans in France in 2003 and 2004. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and various molecular techniques were used for detection and characterization of SGI1.", "We identified SGI1 integrated in the 3' end of the chromosomal thdF gene in six multidrug-resistant serovar Haifa and Newport strains. Two strains, of serovar Haifa and Newport, harboured the previously described SGI1-H variant. A new variant of the novel SGI1-Ks group, named SGI1-K6, revealed IS26-mediated rearrangements of the antibiotic resistance gene cluster in two serovar Newport strains. Two other serovar Newport strains harboured the SGI1-L complex class 1 integron containing the dfrA15 and bla(PSE-1) resistance gene cassettes. In addition, these variants of SGI1 also contained large IS26-composite transposons inserted by a transposition event in the SGI1 backbone. These IS26-composite transposons showed a similar genetic structure to the SGI1-K variants containing an In4-type integron, a mercury resistance operon and parts of Tn1721 and Tn5393. These extended resistance gene clusters containing up to 10 antibiotic resistance genes were named SGI1-L1 and -L2." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "DNA Transposable Elements", "DNA, Bacterial", "Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial", "France", "Gene Rearrangement", "Genes, Bacterial", "Genomic Islands", "Humans", "Integrons", "Microbial Sensitivity Tests", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Multigene Family", "Recombination, Genetic", "Salmonella Infections", "Salmonella enterica", "Sequence Analysis, DNA" ] }
The serovar Haifa represents the 16th S. enterica serovar in which SGI1 has been identified. The genomic island SGI1 appears to be a hotspot of acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by the transposition of In4-type integrons and large IS26-composite transposons.
yes
pub_med_qa40069
[ { "content": "IS26 ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ์กด๊ณผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ In4ํ˜• ์ธํ…Œ๊ทธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฌ 1์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "IS26 ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ์กด๊ณผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ In4ํ˜• ์ธํ…Œ๊ทธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฌ 1์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
The serovar Haifa represents the 16th S. enterica serovar in which SGI1 has been identified. The genomic island SGI1 appears to be a hotspot of acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by the transposition of In4-type integrons and large IS26-composite transposons.
ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜• ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ๋Š” SGI1์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ 16๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ์—”ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„ฌ SGI1์€ In4ํ˜• ์ธํ…Œ๊ทธ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ˜• IS26 ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํฌ์กด์˜ ์ „์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,073,505
Is a BRCA1 mutation associated with increased indicators of oxidative stress?
{ "contexts": [ "Several functions have been attributed to the BRCA1 protein. A recent study suggests that BRCA1 is involved in the cellular antioxidant response by inducing the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant defense system and thus conferring resistance to oxidative stress. It is possible that individuals with a BRCA1 mutation might be susceptible to the effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether women with a BRCA1 mutation exhibit increased indicators of oxidative stress.", "We measured 3 markers of oxidative stress in vivo, the amounts of serum malondialdehyde and protein thiols, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) levels in 25 unaffected BRCA1 mutation carriers and 25 noncarrier control subjects.", "There was no significant difference in serum malondialdehyde levels (P=.41), serum thiol levels (P=.85), or the number of 8-oxodG lesions (P=.49) in BRCA1 mutation carriers versus noncarriers." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Breast Neoplasms", "DNA", "Deoxyguanosine", "Female", "Genes, BRCA1", "Heterozygote", "Humans", "Lipid Peroxidation", "Malondialdehyde", "Middle Aged", "Mutation", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Oxidative Stress", "Sulfhydryl Compounds", "Young Adult" ] }
The results of this study suggest that the presence of a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation is not associated with increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress in serum or lymphocytes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether strategies aimed at minimizing oxidative stress might aid in the prevention of hereditary breast cancer.
no
pub_med_qa40070
[ { "content": "BRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nBRCA1 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด BRCA1์€ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธํฌ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ BRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ 25๋ช…์˜ BRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ณด๊ท ์ž์™€ 25๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๋ณด๊ท ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋ง๋ก ๋””์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ‹ฐ์˜ฌ์˜ ์–‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  8-์˜ฅ์†Œ-2'-๋ฐ์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ตฌ์•„๋…ธ์‹ (8-์˜ฅ์†Œ๋””์ง€) ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nBRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ณด๊ท ์ž์™€ ๋น„๋ณด๊ท ์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋ง๋ก ๋””์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ ์ˆ˜์น˜(P=.41), ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํ‹ฐ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜(P=.85) ๋˜๋Š” 8-์˜ฅ์†Œ๋‹ค์ œ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ์ˆ˜(P=.49)์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The results of this study suggest that the presence of a heterozygous BRCA1 mutation is not associated with increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress in serum or lymphocytes. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether strategies aimed at minimizing oxidative stress might aid in the prevention of hereditary breast cancer.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ดํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ BRCA1 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ์œ ์ „์„ฑ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,059,921
Is postoperative pain after hip fracture procedure specific?
{ "contexts": [ "Hip fracture patients experience high pain levels during postoperative rehabilitation. The role of surgical technique on postoperative pain has not been evaluated previously.", "One hundred and seventeen hip fracture patients were included in a descriptive prospective study. All patients received continuous epidural analgesia and were treated according to a standardized perioperative rehabilitation programme. Resting pain, pain on hip flexion, and walking were measured during daily physiotherapy sessions on a verbal five-point rating scale during the first four postoperative days. Patients were stratified into four groups according to surgical procedure: screws or pins, arthroplasty, dynamic hip screw (DHS), and intra-medullary hip screw (IMHS).", "Cumulated pain levels were significantly different between surgical procedures both for hip flexion (P=0.002) and for walking (P=0.02) with highest dynamic pain levels for patients who had either DHSs or IMHSs compared with arthroplasty or parallel implants. There were significant negative correlations between ambulatory capacity assessed by the cumulated ambulation score and both the dynamic cumulated pain scores on hip flexion (r=-0.43, P<0.001) and walking (r=-0.36, P=0.004)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Analgesia, Epidural", "Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip", "Bone Nails", "Bone Screws", "Female", "Fracture Fixation, Internal", "Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary", "Hip Fractures", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pain Measurement", "Pain, Postoperative", "Physical Therapy Modalities", "Prospective Studies", "Walking" ] }
Postoperative pain levels after surgery for hip fracture are dependent on the surgical procedure, which should be taken into account in future studies of analgesia and rehabilitation.
yes
pub_med_qa40071
[ { "content": "๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์‹œ์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์žฌํ™œ ์ค‘์— ๋†’์€ ํ†ต์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ†ต์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ด์ „์— ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n117๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋ง‰์™ธ ์ง„ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ์žฌํ™œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ฒซ 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ธ์…˜ ๋™์•ˆ ํœด์‹ ํ†ต์ฆ, ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก ํ†ต์ฆ, ๋ณดํ–‰์„ ์–ธ์–ด์  5์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•€, ๊ด€์ ˆ ์„ฑํ˜•์ˆ , ๋™์  ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ(DHS), ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ(IMHS)์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ˆ„์  ํ†ต์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก(P=0.002)๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰(P=0.02) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€์ ˆ ์„ฑํ˜•์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‰ํ–‰ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด DHS ๋˜๋Š” IMHS๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋™์  ํ†ต์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ณดํ–‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ตด๊ณก(r=-0.43, P<0.001)๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰(r=-0.36, P=0.004) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Postoperative pain levels after surgery for hip fracture are dependent on the surgical procedure, which should be taken into account in future studies of analgesia and rehabilitation.
๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ†ต์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์žฌํ™œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,557
Does c-reactive protein estimation improve accuracy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Appendectomy is the treatment of choice in acute appendicitis in children. Delayed diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children can lead to complications like perforation. Studies on the diagnostic value of WBC and CRP in establishing the diagnosis of appendicitis have contradictory results. Our study evaluates the role of CRP in diagnosing appendicitis in a pediatric population.", "A retrospective chart study on 130 patients aged less than 19 years who had an appendectomy at Sparrow hospital during years 2002-2006 formed the basis for this report. Based on histology appendicitis was classified as simple or perforated (complicated).", "Patients (75 boys, 55 girls) were 6-18 years of age (median 14 years). The appendix was normal in 9/130 cases. Appendicitis was simple in 58/130 cases and perforated in 63/130 cases. Overall WBC count had the highest sensitivity in the prediction of (diagnosis) appendicitis at 88% whereas CRP was 69% and, WBC and CRP combined was 60%. PPV of WBC was highest at 0.81 (47/58) for simple appendicitis and 0.93 (59/63) for perforated appendicitis, when compared to CRP at 0.57 (33/58) and 0.81 (51/63); and CRP and WBC combined at 0.45 (26/58) and 0.75 (47/63)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Age Factors", "Appendectomy", "Appendicitis", "C-Reactive Protein", "Child", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Leukocyte Count", "Male", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Reproducibility of Results", "Retrospective Studies" ] }
The sensitivity and PPV of WBC were better than CRP alone, or in combination with WBC. We conclude that CRP does not aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Simple appendicitis was seen in spite of normal WBC and CRP.
no
pub_med_qa40072
[ { "content": "c-๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ถ”์ •์ด ์†Œ์•„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ ์ง„๋‹จ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋งน์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฒœ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ์žˆ์–ด WBC์™€ CRP์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด CRP์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2006๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ŠคํŒจ๋กœ์šฐ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋งน์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 19์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž 130๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ ์  ์ฐจํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒœ๊ณต(๋ณต์žกํ•œ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ™˜์ž(๋‚จ์•„ 75๋ช…, ์—ฌ์•„ 55๋ช…)๋Š” 6~18์„ธ(์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’ 14์„ธ)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งน์žฅ์€ 9/130๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์€ 58/130๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ–ˆ๊ณ  63/130๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ฒœ๊ณต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด WBC ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” (์ง„๋‹จ) ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ ์˜ˆ์ธก์—์„œ 88%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, CRP๋Š” 69%, WBC์™€ CRP๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์€ 60%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. WBC์˜ PPV๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.81(47/58), ์ฒœ๊ณต ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.93(59/63)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, CRP๋Š” 0.57(33/58)๊ณผ 0.81(51/63)๋กœ, CRP์™€ WBC๋Š” 0.45(26/58)์™€ 0.75(47/63)๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The sensitivity and PPV of WBC were better than CRP alone, or in combination with WBC. We conclude that CRP does not aid in the diagnosis of appendicitis. Simple appendicitis was seen in spite of normal WBC and CRP.
WBC์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์™€ PPV๋Š” CRP ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” WBC์™€ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” CRP๊ฐ€ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ WBC์™€ CRP์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋งน์žฅ์—ผ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,080,641
Does [ Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and mechanism thereof.", "Human HCC cells of the lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were cultured and treated with of EGCG of the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg/ml respectively for 24 h and 48 h. The cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Trypan blue staining was used to count the cells. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell apoptosis. The protein levels of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptosis factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an up-regulator of Bcl-2. The activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 hat promote the apoptosis of HCC cells, were measured using colorimetric method. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 family.", "The viabilities of the HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50 - 400 microg/ml for 48 h reduced to 93.8% +/- 2.8%, 62.3% +/- 5.4%, 33.9% +/- 2.5%, and 17.6% +/- 3.2% respectively, all significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.0% +/- 2.8%), all P < 0.05]; and the viabilities of the SMMC-772 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50 - 400 microg/ml for 48 h reduced to 49.6% +/- 3.5%, 30.3% +/- 3.8%, 17.7% +/- 2.2%, and 13.0% +/- 2.5% respectively, all significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.0% +/- 0.8%), all P < 0.05]. After treatment with 100 microg/ml EGCG for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, the live HepG2 cell numbers were (8.0 +/- 1.5), (22.0 +/- 3.1), (37.0 +/- 5.4), and (61.0 +/- 8.7) 10(4) respectively, all significantly lower than those of the control cells [(15.0 +/- 2.5), (45.0 +/- 5.3), (86.0 +/- 11.0), and (210.0 +/- 23.0) 10(4) respectively, all P < 0.05]; and the live SMMC-7721 cell numbers were (7.0 +/- 2.2), (13.0 +/- 2.5), (20.0 +/- 3.7), and (31.0 +/- 4.0) 10(4) respectively, all significantly lower than those of the control cells [(15.0 +/- 2.5), (45.0 +/- 5.3), (86.0 +/- 11.0), and (210.0 +/- 23.0) 10(4) respectively, all P < 0.05]. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells treated with EGCG of the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 microg/ml for 12 h were 8.7% +/- 0.4%, 18.1% +/- 1.1%, and 22.1% +/- 1.8% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (3.3% +/- 0.3%, P < 0.05); and the apoptotic rates of SMMC-7721 cells were 5.9% +/- 0.3%, 7.8% +/- 0.6%, and 12.2% +/- 0.8% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (3.7% +/- 0.4%, P < 0.05). After treatment with EGCG of the concentrations of 100 and 200 microg/ml for 12 h, the caspase-9 activities of the HepG2 cells increased to (1.8 +/- 0.4) and (2.5 +/- 0.4) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.1, both P < 0.05); and the caspase-3 activities of the HepG2 cells increased to (2.0 +/- 0.4) and (2.8 +/- 0.5) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05) ; and the caspase-9 activities of the SMMC-7721 cells increased to (1.7 +/- 0.4) and (2.5 +/- 0.4), both significantly higher than that of the control group (1.0 +/- 0.1, both P < 0.05), and the caspase-3 activities of the SMMC-7721 cells increased to (1.9 +/- 0.4) and (2.6 +/- 0.3) respectively, both significantly higher than that of the control group [ (1.0 +/- 0.2), both P < 0.05]. When the concentration of EGCG was over 200microg/ml, it down-regulated the expression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in both cell lines, however, EGCG resulted in no significant changes of Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and Bid." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Apoptosis", "Carcinoma, Hepatocellular", "Caspase 3", "Caspase 9", "Catechin", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cyclooxygenase 2", "Humans", "Liver Neoplasms", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "bcl-X Protein" ] }
EGCG induces apoptosis in HCC cells through down-regulation of COX-2 and Bcl-2 and consequently activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.
yes
pub_med_qa40073
[ { "content": "[์—ํ”ผ๊ฐˆ๋กœ์นดํ…Œํ‚จ-3-๊ฐˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "[์—ํ”ผ๊ฐˆ๋กœ์นดํ…Œํ‚จ-3-๊ฐˆ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "passage" } ]
EGCG induces apoptosis in HCC cells through down-regulation of COX-2 and Bcl-2 and consequently activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.
EGCG๋Š” COX-2์™€ Bcl-2์˜ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ์ œ-9์™€ ์นด์ŠคํŒŒ์ œ-3์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,080,648
Does [ Testosterone replacement in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal young male improve insulin sensitivity ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) on insulin sensitivity and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP).", "21 males with HH, aged 15 - 30, and 18 age, and BMI-matched healthy males underwent detection of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Second, the values of weight, abdominal circumstance, grips strength, body composition, total testosterone (TT), fast blood glucose and insulin, serum lipid profile, and hsCRP were compared before and after 9-month testosterone replacement therapy in the HH patient group.", "(1) Before treatment the TT level of the HH patients WAS (0.9 +/- 0.6) nmol/L, significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (18.8 +/- 3.2) nmol/L. The fast insulin level of the HH patients was (16.0 +/- 9.8) mIU/L, significantly higher than that of the control group [(8.4 +/- 3.3) mIU/L, P = 0.018]. The HOMA-IR of the HH patient was 3.7 +/- 2.4, not significantly different from that of the control group (1.8 +/- 0.7, P = 0.021). (2) After testosterone therapy, the fast insulin level of the HH patients decreased from (16.0 +/- 9.8) mIU/L to (12.1 +/- 7.4) mIU/L (P = 0.03); the HOMA-IR decreased from (3.7 +/- 2.4) to (2.7 +/- 1.7) (P = 0.045); and the total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, and Triglyceride all decreased, but not significantly (all P > 0.05). The hsCRP decreased from (1.49 +/- 1.18) mg/L to (0.70 +/- 0.56) mg/L (P = 0.025)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Blood Glucose", "C-Reactive Protein", "Case-Control Studies", "Hormone Replacement Therapy", "Humans", "Hypogonadism", "Insulin", "Insulin Resistance", "Male", "Prospective Studies", "Testosterone", "Young Adult" ] }
Short period of testosterone replacement therapy in young HH male patients significantly improves the insulin sensitivity and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
yes
pub_med_qa40074
[ { "content": "[์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก  ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "[์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก  ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?]?", "role": "passage" } ]
Short period of testosterone replacement therapy in young HH male patients significantly improves the insulin sensitivity and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
์ Š์€ HH ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก  ๋Œ€์ฒด ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,094
Is tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 gene methylation associated with low expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaques?
{ "contexts": [ "The tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a Kunitz-type serine-protease inhibitor which is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Epigenetic regulation of the TFPI-2 gene, through methylation of CpG islands, has been advocated in cancer. We hypothesized that TFPI-2 gene methylation could regulate TFPI-2 expression in atherosclerosis.", "We used Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) and pyrosequencing in order to identify 18 CpG of the TFPI-2 promoter, in 59 carotid atherosclerotic plaques and 26 control mammary arteries.", "MSP showed methylation of the TFPI-2 gene (MSP+) in 16 plaques (27%), while no methylation (MSP-) was found in control arteries. Pyrosequencing confirmed that MSP+ plaques presented higher methylation levels than MSP- ones and arteries (p=0.03 and 0.01). Moreover, the TFPI-2 mRNA levels were lower in methylated plaques than in unmethylated ones and than in arteries (p=0.04 and <0.0001). The methylated plaques contained less lipids and macrophage infiltration than unmethylated ones. Their TFPI-2 immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the macrophages located in the media on the adventitial side, rather than in the lipid-rich core." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Base Sequence", "Carotid Arteries", "Carotid Artery Diseases", "Case-Control Studies", "CpG Islands", "DNA Methylation", "Down-Regulation", "Endarterectomy, Carotid", "Female", "Genotype", "Glycoproteins", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Phenotype", "Promoter Regions, Genetic", "RNA, Messenger" ] }
Methylation of the TFPI-2 gene takes place in atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with decreased TFPI-2 expression. The place of this process in atherosclerosis progression remains to be investigated.
yes
pub_med_qa40075
[ { "content": "์กฐ์ง ์ธ์ž ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ์ œ-2 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์กฐ์ง ์ธ์ž ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ์ œ-2(TFPI-2)๋Š” ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ฟ ๋‹ˆ์ธ ํ˜• ์„ธ๋ฆฐ-ํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”์—์„œ CpG ์„ฌ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ TFPI-2 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ํ›„์„ฑ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” TFPI-2 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์—์„œ TFPI-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n59๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์™€ 26๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์œ ๋ฐฉ ๋™๋งฅ์—์„œ TFPI-2 ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ 18 CpG๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ํŠน์ด์  PCR(MSP)๊ณผ ํŒŒ์ด๋กœ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nMSP๋Š” 16๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ(27%)์—์„œ TFPI-2 ์œ ์ „์ž(MSP+)์˜ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์กฐ ๋™๋งฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”(MSP-)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์ด๋กœ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ MSP+ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ MSP- ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์™€ ๋™๋งฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=0.03 ๋ฐ 0.01). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์—์„œ TFPI-2 mRNA ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์™€ ๋™๋งฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=0.04 ๋ฐ <0.0001). ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์งˆ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์นจ์œค์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ TFPI-2 ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์งˆ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฝ”์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Methylation of the TFPI-2 gene takes place in atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with decreased TFPI-2 expression. The place of this process in atherosclerosis progression remains to be investigated.
TFPI-2 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ™”๋Š” ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ TFPI-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ์ง„ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,830
Are depression and self-rated health proximal predictors of episodes of sustained change in pain in independently living , community dwelling elders?
{ "contexts": [ "To identify, in community dwelling elders, the determinants of sustained pain improvement or worsening.", "A longitudinal study with two baseline and 11 monthly follow-up interviews was conducted. Pain was assessed monthly using the Parmelee adaptation of the McGill Pain Inventory.", "Subjects included 109 Caucasian and 132 African American, Philadelphia residing Medicare recipients (65-74 years of age).", "To identify sustained pain change (> or =2 months), the data for each subject were reconfigured to yield 10 overlapping 3-month data segments. Each segment was classified as improved or worsened pain. Other variables included: the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), self-rated health (SRH), physical functioning, and number of improved or worsened medical conditions.", "Pain experienced (over 3-month periods) was typically stable. Sustained improved pain was more likely than worsened pain. Odds ratios obtained through Generalized Estimation Equation analyses showed that a 1-point increase in GDS scores increased the odds of worsened pain by 1.18 (1.11-1.30). Fair/poor SRH, being female, and having medical conditions worsen increased the odds of worsened pain by 4.04 (2.12-7.70), 1.63 (1.11-2.38), and 2.12 (1.42-3.16), respectively. Observed, statistically significant associations between these variables, except gender, and improved pain were in the opposite direction." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Activities of Daily Living", "Aged", "Depression", "Female", "Geriatric Assessment", "Health Status", "Housing for the Elderly", "Humans", "Longitudinal Studies", "Male", "Pain", "Pain Measurement" ] }
With a 1-month time lag between predictor variable assessment and follow-up pain measures, the study supports temporal associations between depressive symptoms and SRH and subsequent pain change. Clinicians providing care to community dwelling elders are advised to evaluate and attend to both the depressive symptoms and SRH of their patients.
yes
pub_med_qa40076
[ { "content": "์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ฆ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ฆ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋˜๋Š” ์•…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.\n\n2)\n๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณผ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์›”๊ฐ„ ํ›„์† ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ฆ์€ ๋งฅ๊ธธ ํ†ต์ฆ ์ธ๋ฒคํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌ ์ ์‘์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์›” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 109๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๊ณผ 132๋ช…์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ, ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋ฉ”๋””์ผ€์–ด ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž(65-74์„ธ)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ฆ ๋ณ€ํ™”(> ๋˜๋Š” = 2๊ฐœ์›”)๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋Š” ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•…ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ฒ™๋„(GDS), ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•(SRH), ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•…ํ™”๋œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\nํ†ต์ฆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜(3๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ)์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋Š” GDS ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์  ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 1.18๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(1.11-1.30). SRH๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4.04๋ฐฐ(2.12-7.70), 1.63๋ฐฐ(1.11-2.38), 2.12๋ฐฐ(1.42-3.16) ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํ†ต์ฆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
With a 1-month time lag between predictor variable assessment and follow-up pain measures, the study supports temporal associations between depressive symptoms and SRH and subsequent pain change. Clinicians providing care to community dwelling elders are advised to evaluate and attend to both the depressive symptoms and SRH of their patients.
์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ํ›„์† ํ†ต์ฆ ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ด์— 1๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์‹œ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ SRH ๋ฐ ์ดํ›„ ํ†ต์ฆ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ด„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ SRH๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,545
Are both allergic and nonallergic asthma associated with increased FE ( NO ) levels , but only in never-smokers?
{ "contexts": [ "Allergic asthma is consistently associated with increased FE(NO) levels whereas divergence exists regarding the use of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) as marker of inflammation in nonallergic asthma and in asthmatic smokers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of having allergic or nonallergic asthma on exhaled nitric oxide levels, with special regard to smoking history.", "Exhaled NO measurements were performed in 695 subjects from Turin (Italy), Gothenburg and Uppsala (both Sweden). Current asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma with at least one asthma symptom or attack recorded during the last year. Allergic status was defined by using measurements of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Smoking history was questionnaire-assessed.", "Allergic asthma was associated with 91 (60, 128) % [mean (95% CI)] increase of FE(NO) while no significant association was found for nonallergic asthma [6 (-17, 35) %] in univariate analysis, when compared to nonatopic healthy subjects. In a multivariate analysis for never-smokers, subjects with allergic asthma had 77 (27, 145) % higher FE(NO) levels than atopic healthy subjects while subjects with nonallergic asthma had 97 (46, 166) % higher FE(NO) levels than nonatopic healthy subjects. No significant asthma-related FE(NO) increases were noted for ex- and current smokers in multivariate analysis." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Asthma", "Case-Control Studies", "Europe", "Exhalation", "Female", "Humans", "Hypersensitivity", "Inflammation", "Male", "Nitric Oxide", "Respiratory Transport", "Smoking" ] }
Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE(NO) to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers.
yes
pub_med_qa40077
[ { "content": "์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹ ๋ชจ๋‘ FE(NO) ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํก์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ FE(NO) ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ์ฒœ์‹ ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ(NO)๋ฅผ ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์‹์ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํก์—ฐ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ† ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ(์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„), ์˜ˆํ…Œ๋ณด๋ฆฌ, ์›์‚ด๋ผ(๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์Šค์›จ๋ด)์—์„œ ์˜จ 695๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ NO ์ธก์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฒœ์‹์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒœ์‹ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ ์ง„๋‹จ ์ฒœ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ E(IgE) ์ธก์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํก์—ฐ ์ด๋ ฅ์€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹์€ FE(NO)๊ฐ€ 91(60, 128)% [ํ‰๊ท (95%)] ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹[6 (-17, 35)%]์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํก์—ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 77(27, 145)% ๋†’์€ FE(NO) ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ฒœ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 97(46, 166)% ๋†’์€ FE(NO) ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ „ ํก์—ฐ์ž์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฒœ์‹ ๊ด€๋ จ FE(NO) ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE(NO) to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers.
์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ๋น„์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ FE(NO) ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ํก์—ฐ์ž์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํก์—ฐ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ฒœ์‹ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด FE(NO)์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋น„๋…ธ์‹œ๋…ธํ•„๋ฆญ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์‹ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,794
Does aqueous fish extract increase survival in the mouse model of cytostatic toxicity?
{ "contexts": [ "Treatment of cancer patients with anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) may be complicated by development of acute and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), malignant arrhythmias and death. The aim of this study was to test whether an aqueous low molecular weight (LMW) extract from cod muscle decreases acute mortality in the mouse model of acute CHF caused by DOX.", "A LMW fraction (<500 Da) of the aqueous phase of cod light muscle (AOX) was used for treatment of male BALB/c mice (approximately 25 g, n = 70). The animals were divided into four groups, DOX + AOX (n = 20), DOX + saline (NaCl) (n = 30), NaCl + AOX (n = 10) and NaCl only (n = 10). Echocardiography was performed in the separate subgroups (DOX treated n = 6 and controls n = 6) to verify the presence and the grade of acute CHF. The cod extract was delivered by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps over the period of 2 weeks. High-dose injection of DOX was administered to randomly selected animals. The animals received single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (25 mg/kg) and were followed over two weeks for mortality.", "Mortality rate was 68% lower (p < 0.05) in the mice treated with the extract. The analyses of cod extract have shown strong antioxidative effect in vitro." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antibiotics, Antineoplastic", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Antioxidants", "Disease Models, Animal", "Doxorubicin", "Echocardiography", "Gadus morhua", "Heart Failure", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "Muscles", "Purine Nucleotides", "Tissue Extracts" ] }
The aqueous LMW cod muscles extract decreases mortality in the mouse model of DOX induced acute CHF. This effect may be mediated by cardioprotection through antioxidative mechanisms.
yes
pub_med_qa40078
[ { "content": "์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์–ด๋ฅ˜ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ์„ธํฌ ์ •์ฒด ๋…์„ฑ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์•ˆํŠธ๋ผ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋…์†Œ๋ฃจ๋น„์‹ (DOX)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์šธํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „(CHF), ์•…์„ฑ ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณต์žกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ทผ์œก์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์ €๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰(LMW) ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด DOX๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ CHF ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜์ปท BALB/c ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค(์•ฝ 25g, n = 70)๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ทผ์œก(AOX) ์ˆ˜์ƒ์˜ LMW ๋ถ„ํš(<500Da)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์•ฝ 25g, n = 70). ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ DOX + AOX (n = 20), DOX + ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜ (NaCl) (n = 30), NaCl + AOX (n = 10), NaCl ์ „์šฉ (n = 10)์˜ ๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ CHF์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(DOX ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ n = 6 ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ n = 6)์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ด์‹ ์‚ผํˆฌ์„ฑ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ DOX ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ DOX(25 mg/kg)๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ 68% ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p < 0.05). ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒด์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The aqueous LMW cod muscles extract decreases mortality in the mouse model of DOX induced acute CHF. This effect may be mediated by cardioprotection through antioxidative mechanisms.
์ˆ˜์„ฑ LMW ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ทผ์œก ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ DOX ์œ ๋ฐœ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ CHF ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,790
Does exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable pulmonary inflammation affect cardiovascular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
{ "contexts": [ "Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy rats (WKY).", "Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma renin-angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress (hemeoxygenase-1), blood coagulation (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function (endothelin-1, and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF).", "Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of hemeoxygenase-1, endothelin-1, endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with endothelin 1 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except hemeoxygenase-1 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of renin-angiotensin system in plasma." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }
Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma renin-angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate increases in the BP, HR and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of blood coagulation factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, in the absence of detectable pulmonary inflammation, in individuals suffering from preexisting cardiovascular diseases.
yes
pub_med_qa40079
[ { "content": "๊ฒ€์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ ์—ผ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ž…์ž์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฅ์˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ž…์ž์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌํ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•„์ง ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” UfCP(24์‹œ๊ฐ„, 172mg.m-3) ํก์ž… ํ›„ ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฅ(SHR)์˜ ์‹ฌํ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ์†์ƒ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ(SHR)์ด ์ด์ „์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฅ(WKY)์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nSHR์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์›๊ฒฉ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์••(BP)๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค์ธ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋ ˆ๋‹Œ-์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค(ํ—ค๋ฉ”์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ-1), ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‘๊ณ (์กฐ์ง ์ธ์ž, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ฒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์–ต์ œ์ œ-1), ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(์—”๋„ํ…”๋ฆฐ-1, ์—”๋„ํ…”๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด A ๋ฐ B)์˜ ๋งˆ์ปค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ SHR์˜ UfCP ๋…ธ์ถœ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. UfCPs ๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํํฌ ์„ธ์ฒ™์•ก(BALF)์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nUfCP์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ SHR์—์„œ 1-3์ผ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜(HR)๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BALF, ํ(ํ) ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ์•ก(์ „์‹ )์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ ํ‘œ์ง€์ž๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ—ด์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ-1, ์—”๋„ํ…”๋ฆฐ-1, ์—”๋„ํ…”๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด A ๋ฐ B, ์กฐ์ง ์ธ์ž ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ฏธ๋…ธ๊ฒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์œ ๋„(~2.5๋ฐฐ; p < 0.05)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ—ด์˜ฅ์‹œ๊ฒŒ๋‚˜์ œ-1์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ UfCPs ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ BP๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋‚ด ๋ ˆ๋‹Œ-์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ ๋„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(~2.5๋ฐฐ; p < 0.05).", "role": "passage" } ]
Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma renin-angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate increases in the BP, HR and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of blood coagulation factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment, in the absence of detectable pulmonary inflammation, in individuals suffering from preexisting cardiovascular diseases.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” UfCPs๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ํ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†์ƒ๋œ SHRs์˜ ์ „์‹  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋ ˆ๋‹Œ-์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์••, HR์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์‹  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌ์žฅ, ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค์˜ mRNA ์œ ๋„, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‘๊ณ  ์ธ์ž์˜ ์ž๊ทน ๋ฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์†Œ ์šฉํ•ด ์–ต์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ UfCPs๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ํ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,609
Does rapamycin inhibit in vitro growth and release of angiogenetic factors in human bladder cancer?
{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate the in vitro effects of rapamycin in human transitional cell carcinoma and to clarify the possible rapamycin-hypoxia interactions.", "Monolayer cultures of RT112 (G1), RT4 (G1-2), T24 (G3), and SUP (G4) cells were incubated in medium with or without rapamycin (10 microM, 100 microM) in different gaseous conditions (1% oxygen plus 5% carbon dioxide plus 94% nitrogen or 95% oxygen plus 5% carbon dioxide or 21% oxygen plus 78% nitrogen). Cell vitality and proliferation were determined using the microculture tetrazolium assay. Apoptotic cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to visualize inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin and synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor.", "Rapamycin delayed proliferation of cancer cell lines but did not induce apoptosis. No direct hypoxia interactions of rapamycin were found. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay gave evidence of mTOR inhibition in all cell lines and a significant decrease of hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents", "Antibiotics, Antineoplastic", "Carcinoma, Transitional Cell", "Cell Hypoxia", "Cell Proliferation", "Humans", "Sirolimus", "Tumor Cells, Cultured", "Urinary Bladder Neoplasms" ] }
Because proliferation in bladder cancer cells was delayed, but no apoptosis was induced, cell cycle arrest caused by rapamycin was feasible. Rapamycin decreased hypoxia-induced synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings should be substantiated in an animal model to verify the antiangiogenetic effects of rapamycin.
yes
pub_med_qa40080
[ { "content": "๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•”์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œ ์ „ ์ธ์ž ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ด ์„ธํฌ ์•”์ข…์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ -์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.\n\n2)\nRT112 (G1), RT4 (G1-2), T24 (G3) ๋ฐ SUP (G4) ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ธต ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์กฐ๊ฑด(1% ์‚ฐ์†Œ + 5% ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ + 94% ์งˆ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” 95% ์‚ฐ์†Œ + 5% ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” 21% ์‚ฐ์†Œ + 78% ์งˆ์†Œ)์—์„œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (10ฮผM, 100ฮผM) ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ปฌ์ฒ˜ ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผ์กธ๋ฅจ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ์  ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (mTOR)์˜ ์–ต์ œ์™€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ์•”์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ mTOR ์–ต์ œ์™€ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Because proliferation in bladder cancer cells was delayed, but no apoptosis was induced, cell cycle arrest caused by rapamycin was feasible. Rapamycin decreased hypoxia-induced synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings should be substantiated in an animal model to verify the antiangiogenetic effects of rapamycin.
๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ด ์œ ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,068,216
Does investigation of Crohn 's disease risk loci in ulcerative colitis further define their molecular relationship?
{ "contexts": [ "Identifying shared and disease-specific susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) would help define the biologic relationship between the inflammatory bowel diseases. More than 30 CD susceptibility loci have been identified. These represent important candidate susceptibility loci for UC. Loci discovered by the index genome scans in CD have previously been tested for association with UC, but those identified in the recent meta-analysis await such investigation. Furthermore, the recently identified UC locus at ECM1 requires formal testing for association with CD.", "We analyzed 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms, tagging 29 of the loci recently associated with CD in 2527 UC cases and 4070 population controls. We also genotyped the UC-associated ECM1 variant rs11205387 in 1560 CD patients and 3028 controls.", "Nine regions showed association with UC at a threshold corrected for the 29 loci tested (P < .0017). The strongest association (P = 4.13 x 10(-8); odds ratio = 1.27) was identified with a 170-kilobase region on chromosome 1q32 that contains 3 genes. We also found association with JAK2 and replicated a recently reported association with STAT3, further implicating the role of this signaling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. Additional novel UC susceptibility genes were LYRM4 and CDKAL1. Twenty of the loci were not associated with UC, and several appear to be specific to CD. ECM1 variation was not associated with CD." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Case-Control Studies", "Colitis, Ulcerative", "Crohn Disease", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Female", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Genotype", "Humans", "Janus Kinase 2", "Male", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "Risk Factors", "STAT3 Transcription Factor", "tRNA Methyltransferases" ] }
Collectively, these data help define the genetic relationship between CD and UC and characterize common, as well as disease-specific mechanisms of pathogenesis.
yes
pub_med_qa40081
[ { "content": "๊ถค์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ์—์„œ ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„์ž ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘(CD)๊ณผ ๊ถค์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ(UC)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํŠน์ด ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 30๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ CD ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ UC์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CD์˜ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์Šค์บ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— UC์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ECM1์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋Š” CD์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ 2527๋ช…์˜ UC ์‚ฌ๋ก€์™€ 4070๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ CD์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ 29๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ๊ทธํ•˜์—ฌ 45๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 1560๋ช…์˜ CD ํ™˜์ž์™€ 3028๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ UC ๊ด€๋ จ ECM1 ๋ณ€์ข… rs11205387์„ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•œ 29๊ฐœ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ(P < .0017)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ •๋œ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์—์„œ 9๊ฐœ ์˜์—ญ์ด UC์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P < .0017). ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ(P = 4.13 x 10 (-8), ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„ = 1.27)์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด 1q32์˜ 170ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ JAK2์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ STAT3์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์•”์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด UC ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” LYRM4์™€ CDKAL1์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ ์ค‘ 20๊ฐœ๋Š” UC์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” CD์— ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ECM1 ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” CD์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Collectively, these data help define the genetic relationship between CD and UC and characterize common, as well as disease-specific mechanisms of pathogenesis.
์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” CD์™€ UC ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์ธ ๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํŠน์ด์  ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,060,003
Is progressive increase in body mass index associated with a progressive increase in joint space narrowing in obese women with osteoarthritis of the knee?
{ "contexts": [ "Given that obesity is a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, a study was undertaken to determine whether progressively higher body mass index (BMI) among obese women is associated with progressive increases in joint space narrowing (JSN).", "Medial compartment JSN over 12 months in Lyon Schuss radiographs of 60 obese women (BMI 30.0-50.5 kg/m(2)) with radiographic and symptomatic OA was compared with that in 81 non-obese women (BMI <28 kg/m(2)) with normal radiographs and minimal or no symptoms of knee OA.", "Among the patients with OA, higher BMI tended to be associated with a higher Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade of OA severity. JSN in the non-obese controls was negligible, but in the 30 patients with KL grade 2 and KL grade 3 knees, mean (SD) JSN was 0.12 (0.31) mm and 0.32 (0.50) mm, respectively (p<0.005 and p<0.001). No association was seen between baseline BMI and 12-month JSN in patients with OA; indeed, the regression plot suggested a slight inverse relationship between the two." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Body Mass Index", "Disease Progression", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Knee Joint", "Middle Aged", "Obesity", "Osteoarthritis, Knee", "Radiography", "Severity of Illness Index" ] }
In obese patients with OA, progressively higher BMI values were not accompanied by a progressively increasing rate of JSN. Joint loading was not evaluated, but it is possible that marked obesity limited the functional capacity of some subjects with OA, protecting their knees from loading. For investigators considering eligibility criteria for a trial of a structure-modifying OA drug, these data suggest that recruitment of patients with a BMI much higher than 30 kg/m(2) will not enrich the sample of subjects who will have more rapid JSN than those with a BMI of only 30 kg/m(2).
no
pub_med_qa40082
[ { "content": "๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ(OA)์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜(BMI)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์†Œ(JSN)์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n12๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฆฌ์˜น ์Šˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ 60๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ(BMI 30.0-50.5 kg/m(2))์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 81๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ(BMI <28 kg/m(2))์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌํš JSN์„ ์ •์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ BMI๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ผˆ๊ทธ๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค(KL) ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ JSN์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, KL 2๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ KL 3๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 30๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท (SD) JSN์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.12(0.31) mm์™€ 0.32(0.50) mm์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p<0.005 ๋ฐ p<0.001). ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ BMI์™€ 12๊ฐœ์›” JSN ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋„ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In obese patients with OA, progressively higher BMI values were not accompanied by a progressively increasing rate of JSN. Joint loading was not evaluated, but it is possible that marked obesity limited the functional capacity of some subjects with OA, protecting their knees from loading. For investigators considering eligibility criteria for a trial of a structure-modifying OA drug, these data suggest that recruitment of patients with a BMI much higher than 30 kg/m(2) will not enrich the sample of subjects who will have more rapid JSN than those with a BMI of only 30 kg/m(2).
๋น„๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ(OA) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ BMI ๊ฐ’์€ JSN์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•œ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” BMI๊ฐ€ 30 kg/m(2)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด BMI๊ฐ€ 30 kg/m(2)์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค JSN์ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,612
Is fibrocyte localization to the airway smooth muscle a feature of asthma?
{ "contexts": [ "Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a hallmark of asthma that is associated with disease severity and persistent airflow obstruction.", "We sought to investigate whether fibrocytes, a population of peripheral blood mesenchymal progenitors, are recruited to the ASM compartment in asthma.", "We assessed the number of fibrocytes in bronchial biopsy specimens and peripheral blood from subjects with mild-to-severe refractory asthma versus healthy control subjects. In vitro we investigated potential mechanisms controlling fibrocyte migration toward the ASM bundle.", "Fifty-one subjects with asthma and 33 control subjects were studied. In bronchial biopsy specimens, the number of fibrocytes was increased in the lamina propria of subjects with severe refractory asthma (median [interquartile range] number, 1.9/mm(2) [1.7/mm(2)]) versus healthy control subjects (median [interquartile range] number, 0/mm(2) [0.3/mm(2)], P < .0001) and in the ASM bundle of subjects with asthma of all severities (subjects with severe asthma, median [interquartile range] number, 3.8/mm(2) [9.4/mm(2)]; subjects with mild-to-moderate asthma, median [interquartile range] number, 1.1/mm(2) [2.4/mm(2)]); healthy control subjects, (median [interquartile range] number, 0/mm(2) [0/mm(2)]); P = .0004). In the peripheral blood the fibrocyte number was also increased in subjects with severe refractory asthma (median [interquartile range] number, 1.4 x 10(4)/mL [2.6 x 10(4)/mL]) versus healthy control subjects (median [interquartile range] number, 0.4 x 10(4)/mL [1.0 x 10(4)/mL], P = .002). We identified that in vitro ASM promotes fibrocyte chemotaxis and chemokinesis (distance of migration after 4.5 hours, 31 microm [2.9 microm] vs 17 microm [2.4 microm], P = .0001), which was in part mediated by platelet-derived growth factor (mean inhibition by neutralizing antibody, 16% [95% CI, 2% to 32%], P = .03) but not by activation of chemokine receptors." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Asthma", "Cell Movement", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Mesenchymal Stem Cells", "Middle Aged", "Mucous Membrane", "Muscle, Smooth", "Platelet-Derived Growth Factor", "Pulmonary Fibrosis", "Receptors, Chemokine" ] }
This study provides the first evidence that fibrocytes are present in the ASM compartment in asthma and that ASM can augment fibrocyte migration. The importance of fibrocytes in the development of ASM hyperplasia and airway dysfunction in asthma remains to be determined.
yes
pub_med_qa40083
[ { "content": "๊ธฐ๋„ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๊ธฐ๋„ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
This study provides the first evidence that fibrocytes are present in the ASM compartment in asthma and that ASM can augment fibrocyte migration. The importance of fibrocytes in the development of ASM hyperplasia and airway dysfunction in asthma remains to be determined.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์‹์—์„œ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ASM ๊ตฌํš์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ASM์ด ์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ ์ด๋™์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์‹์—์„œ ์„ฌ์œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ASM ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,613
Does restoration of T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells protect against allergen-induced asthma?
{ "contexts": [ "A T(H)1-specific transcription factor, T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells (T-bet), controls the production of both T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines in T(H) cell differentiation by means of distinct mechanisms. T-bet-deficient mice overproduce T(H)2 cytokines and have spontaneous airway inflammation.", "We tested whether T-bet overexpression could protect against the development or progression of asthma.", "We generated a T cell-specific and inducible line of T-bet-transgenic mice on a T-bet-deficient genetic background and used it to study the function of T-bet in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model.", "Induction of T-bet in a T cell-specific manner in an OVA model of asthma concomitant with OVA injection prevented airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation, and IL-5 and IL-13 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and also reduced serum IgE and T(H)2 cytokine production by peripheral T cells. Even when T-bet expression was induced during later stages of asthma progression, T-bet overexpression still attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia, as well as T(H)2 cytokine production." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Allergens", "Animals", "Asthma", "Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid", "Cytokines", "Disease Models, Animal", "Doxycycline", "Eosinophilia", "Goblet Cells", "Immunoglobulin E", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mice, Knockout", "Mice, Transgenic", "Ovalbumin", "T-Box Domain Proteins", "T-Lymphocytes", "Th2 Cells" ] }
Our results suggest that T-bet expression in T cells can prevent the initiation of airway inflammation and progression of chronic inflammation and might be extrapolated to human asthma.
yes
pub_med_qa40084
[ { "content": "T ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” T-๋ฐ•์Šค ํ•จ์œ  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ฒœ์‹์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nT(H)1 ํŠน์ด์  ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž์ธ T-๋ฐ•์Šค ํ•จ์œ  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ T ์„ธํฌ(T-bet)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, T(H) ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํ™”์—์„œ T(H)1 ๋ฐ T(H)2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T-bet ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ๋Š” T(H)2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” T-bet ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฒœ์‹์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” T-๋ฒ ํŠธ ๊ฒฐํ• ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ T-๋ฒ ํŠธ ํ˜•์งˆ์ „ํ™˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ T ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋ฐœ๋ถ€๋ฏผ(OVA) ์œ ๋„ ์ฒœ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ T-๋ฒ ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nOVA ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒœ์‹์˜ OVA ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ T์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ T-bet์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ํ˜ธ์‚ฐ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์—ผ์ฆ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํํฌ ์„ธ์ฒ™์•ก์—์„œ์˜ IL-5 ๋ฐ IL-13 ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ดˆ T์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ IgE ๋ฐ T(H)2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์‹ ์ง„ํ–‰์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ T-bet ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์œ ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ T-bet ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ž”์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  T(H)2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results suggest that T-bet expression in T cells can prevent the initiation of airway inflammation and progression of chronic inflammation and might be extrapolated to human asthma.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” T ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ T-bet ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,268
Does a comparative neuropsychological test battery differentiate cognitive signatures of Fragile X and Down syndrome?
{ "contexts": [ "Standardised neuropsychological and cognitive measures present some limitations in their applicability and generalisability to individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Alternative approaches to defining the cognitive signatures of various forms of ID are needed to advance our understanding of the profiles of strengths and weaknesses as well as the affected brain areas.", "To evaluate the utility and feasibility of six non-verbal comparative neuropsychological (CN) tasks administered in a modified version of the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) to confirm and extend our knowledge of unique cognitive signatures of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS).", "A test battery of CN tasks adapted from the animal literature was administered in a modified WGTA. Tasks were selected that have established or emerging brain-behaviour relationships in the domains of visual-perceptual, visual-spatial, working memory and inhibition.", "Despite the fact that these tasks revealed cognitive signatures for the two ID groups, only some hypotheses were supported. Results suggest that whereas individuals with DS were relatively impaired on visual-perceptual and visual-spatial reversal learning tasks they showed strengths in egocentric spatial learning and object discrimination tasks. Individuals with FXS were relatively impaired on object discrimination learning and reversal tasks, which was attributable to side preferences. In contrast, these same individuals exhibited strengths in egocentric spatial learning and reversal tasks as well as on an object recognition memory task. Both ID groups demonstrated relatively poor performance for a visual-spatial working memory task." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Canada", "Child", "Cognition", "Diagnosis, Differential", "Discrimination (Psychology)", "Down Syndrome", "Feasibility Studies", "Fragile X Syndrome", "Humans", "Inhibition (Psychology)", "Male", "Memory, Short-Term", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Recognition (Psychology)", "Reversal Learning", "Space Perception", "Task Performance and Analysis", "Visual Perception", "Young Adult" ] }
Performance on the modified WGTA tasks differentiated cognitive signatures between two of the most common forms of ID. Results are discussed in the context of the literature on the cognitive and neurobiological features of FXS and DS.
yes
pub_med_qa40085
[ { "content": "๋น„๊ต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ X ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์šด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ธก์ •์€ ์ง€์  ์žฅ์• (ID)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ID์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„œ๋ช…์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ์น˜(WGTA)์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์  ๋น„๊ต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™(CN) ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ์•ฝ X ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ(FXS)๊ณผ ๋‹ค์šด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ(DS)์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰๋œ CN ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ WGTA์— ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ-์ง€๊ฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ-๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ฐ ์–ต์ œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‡Œ-ํ–‰๋™ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‘ ID ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋งŒ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด DS๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ-์ง€๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ-๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ํ•™์Šต ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ฒด ํŒ๋ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. FXS๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด ํŒ๋ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ์ž‘์—…๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ์ฒด ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ID ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ-๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Performance on the modified WGTA tasks differentiated cognitive signatures between two of the most common forms of ID. Results are discussed in the context of the literature on the cognitive and neurobiological features of FXS and DS.
์ˆ˜์ •๋œ WGTA ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ID ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” FXS์™€ DS์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํŠน์ง•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,059,937
Is impact of the tumor microenvironment on prognosis in follicular lymphoma dependent on specific treatment protocols?
{ "contexts": [ "The clinical behavior of follicular lymphoma is largely determined by properties of the non-malignant tumor microenvironment. The precise nature of the cell populations is still unclear and published data on their prognostic significance are highly conflicting. This may be partly due to heterogeneous composition and treatments.", "Pre-treatment biopsy samples of patients with follicular lymphoma treated in an EORTC/BNLI trial comparing fludarabine to cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy could be retrieved for 61 patients in five European countries. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed evaluate tumor cell characteristics, T-cell subsets, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages and associations with clinical outcome were studied.", "Some markers showed a homogeneous prognostic impact, while others had a different nd sometimes opposite effect in the treatment arms. CD69 expression on tumor cells was a poor prognostic sign and an interfollicular infiltrate of FoxP3-positive T cells was a good prognostic sign irrespective of the treatment arm. It is suggestive that a dense infiltrate of FoxP3-positive T cells, dense and interfollicular infiltrate of CD68-positive macrophages and complete follicular dendritic meshworks were associated with a favorable time to progression in CVP-treated patients, while being poor prognostic sign in fludarabine-treated patients." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Antineoplastic Protocols", "Biomarkers", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Lymphoma, Follicular", "Middle Aged", "Prognosis", "Survival Rate", "Time Factors", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
Our results suggest that characteristic properties of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma determines the responses to essentially different chemotherapeutic approaches. These data may provide an explanation for the highly conflicting results on immunohistochemical markers and the prognostic role of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma reported thus far and lay the basis for the development of predictive assays to tailor treatment in patients with follicular lymphoma.
yes
pub_med_qa40086
[ { "content": "์ข…์–‘ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํŠน์ • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆํ›„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋‹ค๋ผ๋นˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœํฌ์ŠคํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด๋“œ, ๋นˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด ๋ฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์†(CVP) ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ EORTC/BNLI ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „ ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 5๊ฐœ๊ตญ 61๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ, T์„ธํฌ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ, ์—ฌํฌ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ผ๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ์˜ˆํ›„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ CD69 ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, FoxP3 ์–‘์„ฑ T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ฌํฌ ๊ฐ„ ์นจ์œค์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ตฐ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆํ›„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” FoxP3 ์–‘์„ฑ T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์นจ์œค, CD68 ์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌํฌ ๊ฐ„ ์นจ์œค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์—ฌํฌ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ CVP ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋‹ค๋ผ๋นˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆํ›„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results suggest that characteristic properties of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma determines the responses to essentially different chemotherapeutic approaches. These data may provide an explanation for the highly conflicting results on immunohistochemical markers and the prognostic role of the microenvironment in follicular lymphoma reported thus far and lay the basis for the development of predictive assays to tailor treatment in patients with follicular lymphoma.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ๋งˆ์ปค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„์  ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถคํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,061,471
Are hospitals dangerous places?
{ "contexts": [ "To estimate the effect of day of the week on the odds of being discharged alive from an intensive care unit (ICU).", "A longitudinal analysis of risk of discharge by day of the week.", "4569 patients admitted to the ICU of St Thomas' Hospital, London, from 2002 to 2006.", "The odds of being discharged alive were lowest on the weekend and literally climbed during the week." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Hospital Mortality", "Humans", "Intensive Care Units", "London", "Longitudinal Studies", "Patient Discharge" ] }
Our results show a frightening pattern of discharge from an ICU ward, most likely caused by a complex web of specialist availability and patient demand.
yes
pub_med_qa40087
[ { "content": "๋ณ‘์›์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค(ICU)์—์„œ ์‚ฐ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ‡ด์›ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์ผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์š”์ผ๋ณ„ ํ‡ด์› ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…๋‹จ ๋ถ„์„.\n\n3)\n2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2006๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์„ธ์ธํŠธ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ๋ณ‘์› ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” 4569๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ƒ์กด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํ‡ด์›ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ , ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์ค‘์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results show a frightening pattern of discharge from an ICU ward, most likely caused by a complex web of specialist availability and patient demand.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ํ‡ด์› ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,454
Are rhinoviruses a major cause of wheezing and hospitalization in children less than 2 years of age?
{ "contexts": [ "Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are now considered major respiratory pathogens. We sought to determine whether HRV are a cause of wheezing and/or hospitalization in children <2 years old.", "A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to screen for HRV infection in 4 categories of children <2 years old: (1) with symptoms of respiratory tract disease without wheezing; (2) with wheezing with or without other symptoms; (3) who were asymptomatic and; (4) who had a respiratory specimen submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. All specimens were collected between January and December 2004. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on most HRV isolates.", "Twenty-eight (17%) of 165 children with symptoms of respiratory infection without wheezing; 21 (26.3%) of 80 children with wheezing; 3 (3%) of 93 asymptomatic children; and 47 (23.3%) of 202 children with specimens submitted to the diagnostic laboratory tested positive for HRV. The difference between the rates of infection in the asymptomatic group and in each of the 3 other categories was statistically significant (P </= 0.01). Among HRV-positive children with samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory, 55% were hospitalized, which was similar to that observed for respiratory syncytial virus (52.7%) among children of a similar age group and time period (P = 0.85). Diverse groups of HRV were circulating during the 1-year study period." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "Hospitalization", "Humans", "Infant", "Molecular Epidemiology", "Phylogeny", "Picornaviridae Infections", "Respiratory Sounds", "Respiratory Tract Infections", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Rhinovirus", "Sequence Analysis, RNA" ] }
HRV are important pathogens among children <2 years old and are responsible for a significant proportion of wheezing this age group. The hospitalization rates of HRV-positive children seem to be similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus.
yes
pub_med_qa40088
[ { "content": "๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” 2์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ ๋ฐ ์ž…์›์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(HRV)๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” HRV๊ฐ€ 2์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ์ž…์›์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 2์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ HRV ๊ฐ์—ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: (1) ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ฆ์ƒ; (2) ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ; (3) ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ (4) ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ํ™˜์ž. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋Š” 2004๋…„ 1์›”์—์„œ 12์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ HRV ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 165๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ค‘ 28๋ช…(17%), ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 80๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ค‘ 21๋ช…(26.3%), ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด 93๋ช…์˜ 3๋ช…(3%), ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ 202๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ค‘ 47๋ช…(23.3%)์ด HRV ์–‘์„ฑ ํŒ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๊ฐœ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P </= 0.01). ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ HRV ์–‘์„ฑ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ค‘ 55%๊ฐ€ ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(P = 0.85)์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค(52.7%)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ HRV ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์ˆœํ™˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
HRV are important pathogens among children <2 years old and are responsible for a significant proportion of wheezing this age group. The hospitalization rates of HRV-positive children seem to be similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus.
HRV๋Š” 2์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ฒœ๋ช…์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HRV ์–‘์„ฑ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ž…์›์œจ์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ž…์›์œจ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,065,608
Do mouse adenovirus type 1 and human adenovirus type 5 differ in endothelial cell tropism and liver targeting?
{ "contexts": [ "For adenovirus vectors derived from human serotype 5 (Ad5), the efficiency and safety after intravascular delivery is hindered by their sequestration in nontarget tissues, predominantly the liver. The latter is largely dictated by adenovirus binding to blood coagulation zymogens. In addition, several target cells, such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells, are difficult to transduce by Ad5 due to the low expression of the primary coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Therefore, alternative adenovirus serotypes are being explored.", "In the present study, we assessed the tropism of mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1), a nonhuman adenovirus for which cellular attachment is CAR-independent.", "The typical replication of MAV-1 in endothelial cells as observed in vivo was not reflected in elevated attachment to primary and continuous endothelial cells in cell culture. Remarkably, MAV-1 displayed a higher affinity for primary human smooth muscle cells than recombinant Ad5 (rAd5). Attachment of MAV-1 to human and mouse cells of hepatocyte origin was not altered by physiological concentrations of human coagulation factor XI (FXI) or the vitamin K-dependent FIX, FX and FVII. By contrast, attachment of Ad5-derived vectors was enhanced at least eight-fold by FX. Using surface plasmon resonance, MAV-1 was shown to directly associate with human FX and murine FX and FIX but, opposite to rAd5, this interaction did not lead to enhanced cellular attachment. In intravenously injected severe combined immunodeficiency mice, distribution of MAV-1 to the liver was markedly lower than that observed with rAd5." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "3T3 Cells", "Adenoviridae", "Adenoviruses, Human", "Animals", "Endothelial Cells", "Factor X", "Gene Transfer Techniques", "Genetic Vectors", "Hepatocytes", "Humans", "Liver", "Mice", "Proteoglycans", "Receptors, Virus", "Tropism" ] }
Our data on the tropism of MAV-1 suggest that this virus may find utility in the field of gene therapy.
yes
pub_med_qa40089
[ { "content": "์ƒ์ฅ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค 1ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค 5ํ˜•์€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜• 5(Ad5)์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ›„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋น„ํ‘œ์  ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €ํ•ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‘๊ณ  ์ž์ด๋ชจ๊ฒ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ‘œ์  ์„ธํฌ๋Š” 1์ฐจ ์ฝ•์‚ฌํ‚ค ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(CAR)์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Ad5์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์งˆ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์ด CAR์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ธ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค 1ํ˜•(MAV-1)์˜ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ MAV-1์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์† ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ MAV-1์€ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ Ad5(rAd5)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์นœํ™”๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ์›์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ MAV-1์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‘๊ณ  ์ธ์ž XI(FXI) ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ K ์˜์กด์„ฑ FIX, FX ๋ฐ FVII์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋†๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Ad5 ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์€ FX์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ 8๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ MAV-1์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ FX ๋ฐ ์ฅ FX ๋ฐ FIX์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, rAd5์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ค‘์ฆ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฒฐํ• ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ MAV-1์˜ ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” rAd5์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data on the tropism of MAV-1 suggest that this virus may find utility in the field of gene therapy.
MAV-1์˜ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,077,211
Is the Asp298 allele of endothelial nitric oxide synthase a risk factor for myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
{ "contexts": [ "Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in atherosclerotic progression and cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the role of nitric oxide in the vascular system, we aimed to test hypotheses of synergy between the common endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Asp298 allele and T2DM in predisposing to acute myocardial infarction (AMI).", "In a population-based patient survey with 403 persons with T2DM and 799 healthy subjects from the population without diabetes or hypertension, we analysed the relation between T2DM, sex and the eNOS Asp298 allele versus the risk for AMI.", "In an overall analysis, T2DM was a significant independent risk factor for AMI. In patients with T2DM, homozygosity for the eNOS Asp298 allele was a significant risk factor (HR 3.12 [1.49-6.56], p = 0.003), but not in subjects without diabetes or hypertension. Compared to wild-type non-diabetic subjects, all patients with T2DM had a significantly increased risk of AMI regardless of genotype. This risk was however markedly higher in patients with T2DM homozygous for the Asp298 allele (HR 7.20 [3.01-17.20], p < 0.001), independent of sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, HDL -cholesterol, current smoking, and leisure time physical activity. The pattern seemed stronger in women than in men." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alleles", "Aspartic Acid", "Data Collection", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Myocardial Infarction", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Risk Factors" ] }
We show here a strong independent association between eNOS genotype and AMI in patients with T2DM. This suggests a synergistic effect of the eNOS Asp298 allele and diabetes, and confirms the role of eNOS as an important pathological bottleneck for cardiovascular disease in patients with T2DM.
yes
pub_med_qa40090
[ { "content": "๋‚ดํ”ผ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์˜ Asp298 ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘(T2DM)์˜ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™” ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰(AMI)์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ(eNOS) Asp298 ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ T2DM ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 403๋ช…๊ณผ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž 799๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ™˜์ž ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, eNOS Asp298 ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ AMI ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ T2DM์€ AMI์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T2DM ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ eNOS Asp298 ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋™ํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ(HR 3.12 [1.49-6.56], p = 0.003), ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ชจ๋“  T2DM ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด AMI ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, BMI, ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ, HDL - ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ํ˜„์žฌ ํก์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ T2DM ๋™ํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
We show here a strong independent association between eNOS genotype and AMI in patients with T2DM. This suggests a synergistic effect of the eNOS Asp298 allele and diabetes, and confirms the role of eNOS as an important pathological bottleneck for cardiovascular disease in patients with T2DM.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” T2DM ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ eNOS ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•๊ณผ AMI ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” eNOS Asp298 ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, T2DM ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ eNOS์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์ธ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,475
Does gln222Arg ( A2317G ) polymorphism in the deoxyribonuclease I gene exhibit ethnic and functional differences?
{ "contexts": [ "The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) in exon 8 (A2317G: Gln222Arg) has been shown to be associated with several diseases.", "The allele frequency of the DNASE1 polymorphism in Chinese (Shenyang and Guangzhou in China), Uygurs (Urumqi), Tamils (Sri Lanka), and Tibetans (Katmandu in Nepal) was investigated, and the results were compared with those of other studies.", "This study revealed that DNASE1*1 is more common in Africans and DNASE1*2 is more common in Caucasians. Expression vectors of DNASE1*1 and DNASE1*2 were constructed and compared to the enzyme properties secreted into a medium from transfected COS-7 cells. The activity of the type-2 enzyme was significantly higher than that of the type-1 enzyme. In addition, the type-1 enzyme was heat-labile when compared to the type-2 enzyme. Moreover, the optimum pH of the DNase I type-2 enzyme was more acidic than that of DNase I type-1." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Asian Continental Ancestry Group", "COS Cells", "Cercopithecus aethiops", "Deoxyribonuclease I", "Gene Frequency", "Genetics, Population", "Humans", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide" ] }
This study revealed that the distribution of Gln222Arg in the DNASE1 gene is different among ethnic groups and that the DNASE1 polymorphism appears to affect the specific activity, heat sensitivity, and optimum pH of the DNase I enzyme.
yes
pub_med_qa40091
[ { "content": "๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์•„์ œ I ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ gln222Arg (A2317G) ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์—‘์† 8(A2317G: Gln222Arg)์—์„œ ๋””์˜ฅ์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์•„์ œ I(DNase I)์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(SNP)์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ(์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์…ด์–‘๊ณผ ๊ด‘์ €์šฐ), ์œ„๊ตฌ๋ฅด์ธ(์šฐ๋ฃจ๋ฌด์น˜), ํƒ€๋ฐ€์ธ(์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด), ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ์ธ(๋„คํŒ”์˜ ์นดํŠธ๋งŒ๋‘)์—์„œ DNAES1 ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” DNASE1*1์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ  DNASE1*2๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DNASE1*1๊ณผ DNASE1*2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์งˆ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ COS-7 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” 1ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 1ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ๋Š” 2ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—ด์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ DNase Iํ˜• 2ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ์ตœ์  pH๋Š” DNase Iํ˜• 1ํ˜• ํšจ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study revealed that the distribution of Gln222Arg in the DNASE1 gene is different among ethnic groups and that the DNASE1 polymorphism appears to affect the specific activity, heat sensitivity, and optimum pH of the DNase I enzyme.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” DNASE1 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ Gln222Arg ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, DNASE1 ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด DNase I ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑ, ์—ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์  pH์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,610
Does oncologic trogocytosis of an original stromal cells induce chemoresistance of ovarian tumours?
{ "contexts": [ "The microenvironment plays a major role in the onset and progression of metastasis. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tends to metastasize to the peritoneal cavity where interactions within the microenvironment might lead to chemoresistance. Mesothelial cells are important actors of the peritoneal homeostasis; we determined their role in the acquisition of chemoresistance of ovarian tumours.", "We isolated an original type of stromal cells, referred to as \"Hospicells\" from ascitis of patients with ovarian carcinosis using limiting dilution. We studied their ability to confer chemoresistance through heterocellular interactions. These stromal cells displayed a new phenotype with positive immunostaining for CD9, CD10, CD29, CD146, CD166 and Multi drug resistance protein. They preferentially interacted with epithelial ovarian cancer cells. This interaction induced chemoresistance to platin and taxans with the implication of multi-drug resistance proteins. This contact enabled EOC cells to capture patches of the Hospicells membrane through oncologic trogocytosis, therefore acquiring their functional P-gp proteins and thus developing chemoresistance. Presence of Hospicells on ovarian cancer tissue micro-array from patients with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was also significantly associated to chemoresistance." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Biological Assay", "Cell Adhesion", "Cell Communication", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Separation", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Epithelium", "Female", "Humans", "Intracellular Membranes", "Middle Aged", "Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins", "Ovarian Neoplasms", "Phenotype", "Stromal Cells" ] }
This is the first report of trogocytosis occurring between a cancer cell and an original type of stromal cell. This interaction induced autonomous acquisition of chemoresistance. The presence of stromal cells within patient's tumour might be predictive of chemoresistance. The specific interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells might be targeted during chemotherapy.
yes
pub_med_qa40092
[ { "content": "์›๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ข…์–‘ํ•™์  ํŠธ๋กœ๊ณ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ „์ด์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ”ผ์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”(EOC)์€ ๋ณต๋ง‰๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ณต๋ง‰ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํš๋“์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ํฌ์„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์—ผ์—์„œ \"ํ˜ธ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค ์„ธํฌ\"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์งˆ์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” CD9, CD10, CD29, CD146, CD166 ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ”ผ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด EOC ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ข…์–‘ํ•™์  ํŠธ๋กœ๊ณ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ธ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์˜ ํŒจ์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ P-gp ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์กฐ์ง ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This is the first report of trogocytosis occurring between a cancer cell and an original type of stromal cell. This interaction induced autonomous acquisition of chemoresistance. The presence of stromal cells within patient's tumour might be predictive of chemoresistance. The specific interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells might be targeted during chemotherapy.
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•”์„ธํฌ์™€ ์›๋ž˜ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋กœ๊ณ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์‹œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž์œจ ํš๋“์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ข…์–‘ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ์ค‘์— ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,311
Is dental caries in 3-year-old children associated more with child-rearing behaviors than mother-related health behaviors?
{ "contexts": [ "We assessed whether child- or mother-related health behaviors were associated more strongly with dental caries in 3-year-old children.", "Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed on dental caries' presence as the dependent variable with independent variables from the results of examination and a self-administered questionnaire of 396 mother-child pairs.", "Dental caries of 3-year-old children was more strongly associated with child-related health behavior than mother-related health behavior. Of the child-related variables, \"a habit of feeding in bed\" [OR (odds ratio) 10.14; 95 percent class interval (CI) 1.80-56.97], \"eating between meals three times a day or more\" (OR 3.33; 95 percent CI 1.56-7.10), \"consuming a sports drink three times a week or more\" (OR 4.47; 95 percent CI 1.60-12.49), \"having both home and professional preventive dental care\" (OR 3.02; 95 percent CI 1.44-6.32), and \"having professional preventive dental care\" (OR 3.79; 95 percent CI 1.75-8.21) were significantly associated with dental caries in children. Of the mother-related variables, \"brushing teeth once a day or less\" (OR 2.72; 95 percent CI 1.19-6.20) and \"drinking alcohol three times a week or more\" (OR 0.38; 95 percent CI 0.16-0.93) had significant effects." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Child, Preschool", "Dental Caries", "Female", "Health Behavior", "Humans", "Infant", "Japan", "Mothers", "Parenting", "Prevalence" ] }
Dental caries of 3-year-old children was more strongly associated with child-related health behavior than mother-related health behavior. The results of this study suggest that encouraging good child-rearing behavior among mothers could result in better dental health among their children regardless of the mother's dental health status.
yes
pub_med_qa40093
[ { "content": "3์„ธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๋…€ ์–‘์œก ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "3์„ธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๋…€ ์–‘์œก ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Dental caries of 3-year-old children was more strongly associated with child-related health behavior than mother-related health behavior. The results of this study suggest that encouraging good child-rearing behavior among mothers could result in better dental health among their children regardless of the mother's dental health status.
3์„ธ ์•„๋™์˜ ์น˜์•„ ์šฐ์‹์ฆ์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„๋™ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์น˜์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์œก์•„ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์น˜์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,085,504
Is ceramic bone graft substitute with equine bone protein extract comparable to allograft in terms of implant fixation : a study in dogs?
{ "contexts": [ "We studied whether osseointegration and fixation of plasma-sprayed titanium implants grafted with beta-TCP granules (Ossaplast) can be improved by adding an osteogenic signal (Colloss E). The results were compared to implants grafted with fresh frozen morselized allograft with and without the Colloss E device.", "4 porous-coated Ti implants were placed in the proximal humeri in each of 10 dogs. All implants were surrounded by a 2.5-mm defect, which was grafted with: (A) beta-TCP, (B) beta-TCP+20 mg Colloss E, (C) allograft, or (D) allograft+20 mg Colloss E. The observation time was 4 weeks.", "Mechanical testing showed that the beta-TCP group with Colloss E was twice as well fixed as the control group grafted with beta-TCP granules alone, and comparable to both allograft groups. We found that every control implant in the beta-TCP grafted group was covered by a dense fibrous membrane. No fibrous tissue was seen in the beta-TCP group augmented with Colloss. These implants were well osseointegrated, with new bone covering 10-25% of the implant surface. Both treated groups had increased graft resorption compared to their respective control groups. Colloss E had no effect on new bone formation or fibrous tissue reduction around the allografted implants." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Bone Substitutes", "Bone Transplantation", "Ceramics", "Dogs", "Humerus", "Implants, Experimental", "Osseointegration", "Stress, Mechanical", "Titanium", "Transplantation, Homologous" ] }
The Colloss E device improved early osseointegration of implants grafted with beta-TCP granules and increased their mechanical implant fixation to the level of allografted implants. The experiment indicates that ceramic bone substitutes may be a viable alternative to allograft when combined with an osteogenic signal such as Colloss E.
yes
pub_med_qa40094
[ { "content": "๋ง ๋ผˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน ๋ผˆ ์ด์‹ํŽธ์ด ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ ๊ณ ์ • ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ํŽธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ(Osaplast)์„ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ด ๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Colloss E)๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Coloss E ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ ์„  ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…€ํ™” ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ Ti ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ 4๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ๊ทผ์œ„ ์ƒ์™„๊ณจ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” 2.5mm ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•จ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด์‹๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: (A) ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP, (B) ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP+20 mg ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E, (C) ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ํŽธ ๋˜๋Š” (D) ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ํŽธ+20 mg ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E. ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 4์ฃผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ๋งŒ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ์ด์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ  ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ณจ์ด ์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ 10-25%๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ด์‹ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E๋Š” ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ผˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฌ์œ  ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The Colloss E device improved early osseointegration of implants grafted with beta-TCP granules and increased their mechanical implant fixation to the level of allografted implants. The experiment indicates that ceramic bone substitutes may be a viable alternative to allograft when combined with an osteogenic signal such as Colloss E.
์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€-TCP ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‹๋œ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ ๊ณ ์ •๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹ ์ž„ํ”Œ๋ž€ํŠธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน ๊ณจ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ์ด ์ฝœ๋กœ์Šค E์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋™์ข… ์ด์‹์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,062,325
Is the polymorphism Arg585Gln in the gene of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 ( SREBP-1 ) a determinant of ketosis prone type 2 diabetes ( KPD ) in Africans?
{ "contexts": [ "Ketosis prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) is an atypical form of diabetes described mainly in people of sub-Saharan African origin. Its pathogenesis is unknown, although we have previously described a high prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in patients with KPD. However, 50% of these deficient patients lacked the G6PD gene mutation. The isoforms of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) are known to stimulate G6PD gene expression, and some polymorphisms in the SREBP-1 gene (SREBF-1) have been described only in Africans. We investigated one of these, the Arg585Gln polymorphism, in a candidate gene approach for KPD.", "We examined the presence of the Arg585Gln polymorphism in SREBF-1 in 217 consecutive unrelated Africans [73 patients with KPD, 80 with classical type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 64 nondiabetic subjects]. Patients underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, and were assessed for G6PD activity and insulin secretion (glucagon test).", "There were no differences in frequency of the Arg585Gln polymorphism and the 585Gln allele among the three groups (allele frequency: KPD: 0.089, T2D: 0.031, nondiabetic group: 0.070; P=0.1). When the 585Gln allele frequency was compared separately between patients with KPD and those with T2D, it was significantly higher in the former (P=0.032). There was no difference between carriers and noncarriers of the 585Gln allele regarding G6PD activity and insulin secretion." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "African Continental Ancestry Group", "Amino Acid Substitution", "Arginine", "C-Peptide", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Female", "Glutamine", "Humans", "Lipids", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Polymorphism, Genetic", "Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1" ] }
The results of this exploratory study show that the polymorphism Arg585Gln in SREBF-1 is not associated with the KPD phenotype. Further studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings.
no
pub_med_qa40095
[ { "content": "์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์กฐ์ ˆ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ-1(SREBP-1) ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ Arg585Gln์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์˜ ์ผ€ํ† ์‹œ์Šค ์„ฑํ–ฅ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘(KPD)์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ผ€ํ† ์‹œ์Šค ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘(KPD)์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ „์— KPD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น-6-์ธ์‚ฐ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์†Œํšจ์†Œ(G6PD) ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๋†’์€ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ 50%๋Š” G6PD ์œ ์ „์ž ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์กฐ์ ˆ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 1(SREBP-1)์˜ ๋™ํ˜•์€ G6PD ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, SREBP-1 ์œ ์ „์ž(SREBF-1)์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์—์„œ๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ Arg585Gln ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์„ KPD ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” 217๋ช…์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ(KPD ํ™˜์ž 73๋ช…, ๊ณ ์ „์  ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘(T2D) ํ™˜์ž 80๋ช…, ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 64๋ช…)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ SREBF-1์—์„œ Arg585Gln ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž„์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, G6PD ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์™€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„(๊ธ€๋ฃจ์นด๊ณค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ)๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nArg585Gln ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ 585Gln ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋นˆ๋„: KPD: 0.089, T2D: 0.031, ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน: 0.070; P=0.1) ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 585Gln ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ KPD ํ™˜์ž์™€ T2D ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ „์ž(P=0.032)์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. G6PD ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 585Gln ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด์™€ ๋น„์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The results of this exploratory study show that the polymorphism Arg585Gln in SREBF-1 is not associated with the KPD phenotype. Further studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings.
์ด ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” SREBF-1์˜ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ Arg585Gln์ด KPD ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,066,680
Is age at diagnosis a determinant factor of renal cell carcinoma-specific survival in patients treated with nephrectomy?
{ "contexts": [ "Based on combined data for 4880 patients, 2 previous studies reported that advanced age is a predictor of increased renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality (RCC-SM). We explored the effect of age in cubic spline analyses to identify the age groups with the most elevated risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).", "Our study included 3595 patients from 14 European centres who had partial or radical nephrectomies. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to compile life tables, and we performed Cox regression analyses to assess RCC-SM. Covariates included age at diagnosis, sex, TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) stage, tumour size, Fuhrman grade, symptom classification and histological subtype.", "Age ranged from 10 to 89 (mean 63, median 67) years. The median duration of follow-up was 2.9 years. The median survival for the cohort was 13.4 years. Stage distribution was as follows: 1915 patients (53.3%) had stage I disease, 388 (10.8%) had stage II, 895 (24.9%) had stage III and 397 (11.0%) had stage IV disease. In multivariate analyses, we coded age at diagnosis as a cubic spline, and it achieved independent predictor status (p < 0.001). The risk of RCC-SM was lowest among patients younger than 50 years. We observed an increase in RCC-SM until the age of 50, at which point the level of risk reached a plateau. We observed a second increase among patients aged 75-89 years. We found similar patterns when we stratified patients according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }
The effect of age shows prognostic significance and indicates that follow-up and possibly secondary treatments might need to be adjusted according to the age of the patient.
yes
pub_med_qa40096
[ { "content": "์‹ ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์žฅ ์„ธํฌ ์•”์ข… ํŠน์ด ์ƒ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์‹ ์žฅ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์žฅ ์„ธํฌ ์•”์ข… ํŠน์ด ์ƒ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
The effect of age shows prognostic significance and indicates that follow-up and possibly secondary treatments might need to be adjusted according to the age of the patient.
์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์˜ˆํ›„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,108
Does cytokine milieu modulate release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin from human keratinocytes stimulated with double-stranded RNA?
{ "contexts": [ "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a key role in allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. TSLP is highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of patients with AD, but environmental triggers for its release from keratinocytes with endogenous factors are not well understood. Patients with AD, in whom allergic sensitization is already established, are susceptible to viral dissemination.", "We investigated TSLP's release from primary human keratinocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, which mimics viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and its modulation by cytokines.", "Primary human keratinocytes were stimulated with TLR ligands, cytokines, or both. TSLP released into culture supernatants was measured by means of ELISA.", "Stimulation of keratinocytes with dsRNA induced release of TSLP and upregulated gene expression of TSLP and other cytokines and chemokines. The release of TSLP was enhanced by the addition of IL-4, IL-13, and/or TNF-alpha. With or without the T(H)2/TNF cytokines, the dsRNA-induced release of TSLP was upregulated by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta and suppressed by IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, or IL-17." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Asthma", "Cells, Cultured", "Cytokines", "Dermatitis, Atopic", "Humans", "Interferon Inducers", "Ligands", "Poly I-C", "RNA, Double-Stranded", "Toll-Like Receptor 3", "Up-Regulation" ] }
The effect of the TLR3 ligand on keratinocytes suggests contribution of viral dsRNA to skin inflammations under the influence of a cytokine milieu. The results imply that viral dsRNA and a T(H)2 cytokine milieu might promote T(H)2-type inflammation through an induction of TSLP expression, suggesting that a vicious cycle exists between AD with T(H)2-type inflammation and viral infections and a possible blockade of this cycle by other cytokine milieus provided by cells, such as T(H)1, regulatory T, and T(H)17 cells.
yes
pub_med_qa40097
[ { "content": "์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ RNA๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ‰์„  ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ฆผํ”„์˜ค์ด์—ํ‹ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ‰์„  ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ตฌ ์ด์—ํ‹ด(TSLP)์€ ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ(AD) ๋ฐ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TSLP๋Š” AD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด์ธ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ž‘์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ AD ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํŒŒ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Toll ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(TLR) 3 ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ด์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ RNA(dsRNA)๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์ด๋…ธ์‹ -ํด๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํ‹ฐ๋”œ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋œ 1์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ TSLP์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ผ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” TLR ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ, ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ƒ์ฒญ์•ก์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ TSLP๋Š” ELISA๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\ndsRNA๋กœ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋ฉด TSLP์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๊ณ  TSLP ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋ฐ ์ผ€๋ชจ์นด์ธ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IL-4, IL-13 ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ TSLP์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T(H)2/TNF ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด dsRNA์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ TSLP์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์€ IFN-์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ IFN-๋ฒ ํƒ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ, TGF-๋ฒ ํƒ€ ๋˜๋Š” IL-17์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The effect of the TLR3 ligand on keratinocytes suggests contribution of viral dsRNA to skin inflammations under the influence of a cytokine milieu. The results imply that viral dsRNA and a T(H)2 cytokine milieu might promote T(H)2-type inflammation through an induction of TSLP expression, suggesting that a vicious cycle exists between AD with T(H)2-type inflammation and viral infections and a possible blockade of this cycle by other cytokine milieus provided by cells, such as T(H)1, regulatory T, and T(H)17 cells.
TLR3 ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์งˆ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์—ผ์ฆ์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค dsRNA์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค dsRNA์™€ T(H)2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด TSLP ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด T(H)2ํ˜• ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” T(H)2ํ˜• ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ AD์™€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, T(H)1, ์กฐ์ ˆ T, T(H)17 ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,484
Does mTOR regulate vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors?
{ "contexts": [ "Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs) with a VSMC phenotype contribute to neointima formation and lumen loss after angioplasty and during allograft arteriosclerosis. We hypothesized that phosphoinositol-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin-p70S6 kinase (PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K) pathway activation regulates VSMC differentiation from MSCs.", "We studied effects of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling on phenotypic modulation of MSC and VSMC marker expression, including L-type Ca(2+) channels. Phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K featured downregulation of VSMC markers in dedifferentiated MSCs. mTOR inhibition with rapamycin at below pharmacological concentrations blocked p70S6K phosphorylation and induced a differentiated contractile phenotype with smooth muscle (sm)-calponin, sm-alpha-actin, and SM protein 22-alpha (SM22alpha) expression. The PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 abolished Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation and reversed the dedifferentiated phenotype via induction of sm-calponin, sm-alpha-actin, SM22alpha, and myosin light chain kinase. Rapamycin acted antiproliferative without impairing MSC viability. In VSMCs, rapamycin increased a homing chemokine for MSCs, stromal cell-derived factor-1-alpha, at mRNA and protein levels. The CXCR4-mediated MSC migration toward conditioned medium of rapamycin-treated VSMCs was enhanced." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Bone Marrow Cells", "Calcium Channels, L-Type", "Cell Differentiation", "Cell Survival", "Cells, Cultured", "Chemokine CXCL12", "Chemotaxis", "Chromones", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Humans", "Mesenchymal Stem Cells", "Morpholines", "Muscle Proteins", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular", "Myocytes, Smooth Muscle", "Phenotype", "Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Protein Kinases", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt", "Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa", "Signal Transduction", "Sirolimus", "TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases", "Time Factors" ] }
We describe novel pleiotropic effects of rapamycin at very low concentrations that stabilized differentiated contractile VSMCs from MSCs in addition to exerting antiproliferative and enhanced homing effects.
yes
pub_med_qa40098
[ { "content": "mTOR๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ ์ „๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "mTOR๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ ์ „๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ์™€์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
We describe novel pleiotropic effects of rapamycin at very low concentrations that stabilized differentiated contractile VSMCs from MSCs in addition to exerting antiproliferative and enhanced homing effects.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ท€์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ MSC๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ฑ VSMC๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹ค๋ฉด๋ฐœํ˜„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,062,009
Does ala 586 Asp mutation in androgen receptor disrupt transactivation function without affecting androgen binding?
{ "contexts": [ "To understand the pathogenesis of the androgen insensitivity syndrome.", "Familial case study.", "Medical and Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.", "Two affected sisters and other unaffected family members.", "The hormone levels were measured by RIA. Histology was done by standard protocols. DNA isolation and direct DNA sequencing was undertaken for mutation identification. Site-directed mutagenesis was used for incorporation of mutation in the androgen receptor clone. Functional assays were done using COS-1 cell cultures.", "Phenotype, hormone levels, DNA mutations, ligand binding, transactivation function of androgen-androgen receptor complex.", "The patients exhibited a female phenotype despite the 46,XY chromosome complement. Both of the affected individuals had higher levels of T and LH. C1760A (coding DNA sequence reference) substitution (Ala 586 Asp) in the AR gene was observed in all of the affected individuals. The mutation did not result in a loss of ligand binding but instead in almost complete loss of transactivation function." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Amino Acid Sequence", "Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome", "Androgens", "Animals", "COS Cells", "Cercopithecus aethiops", "DNA Mutational Analysis", "Female", "Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Humans", "Karyotyping", "Luteinizing Hormone", "Male", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Mutagenesis, Site-Directed", "Mutation", "Pedigree", "Phenotype", "Receptors, Androgen", "Testosterone", "Transcriptional Activation", "Transfection", "Young Adult" ] }
The Ala 586 Asp mutation resulted in a complete loss of transactivation function of the androgen-androgen receptor complex but did not affect ligand binding. In vitro assays confirmed the pathogenic nature of this mutation.
yes
pub_med_qa40099
[ { "content": "์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ala 586 Asp ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์•กํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ala 586 Asp ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค์•กํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
The Ala 586 Asp mutation resulted in a complete loss of transactivation function of the androgen-androgen receptor complex but did not affect ligand binding. In vitro assays confirmed the pathogenic nature of this mutation.
Ala 586 Asp ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ-์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.