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Which research technique is sometimes used to limit participant

['(A) Informed consent', '(B) Case study', '(C) Survey design', '(D) Deception', '(E) None of the above']

(D) Deception is a technique used to conceal the purpose of the research. At times researchers give participants a false purpose in order to prevent participant bias. This technique is ethically controversial and must be reviewed in depth if it is to be used.

Which ethical principle involves keeping identifying information

['(A) Informed consent', '(B) Institutional review board approval', '(C) Do no harm', '(D) Confidentiality', '(E) None of the above']

(D) Confidentiality is an important ethical principle in psychology research. Confidentiality is the principle of maintaining subjects’ privacy. Protecting confidentiality ensures that information gleaned by the research project is not identified to a particular participant by anyone other than the researcher. The subject’s participation in the research itself is also kept confidential by the researchers in ethical research. Confidentiality is a key principle in other psychology practices, including psychotherapy and psychological testing.

Which step do researchers sometimes take at the end of a subject’s

['(A) Group meeting', '(B) Psychotherapy session', '(C) Debriefing', '(D) Deception', '(E) Informed consent']

(C) A debriefing is sometimes used to provide more information to a participant and to ensure that the research did not cause harm. Sometimes debriefing is used if the research design involves deception. In this case, subjects would be told the true purpose of the research and allowed to respond. Referrals are made during debriefings if participants had an emotional response to being in the research and would like further support around this.

In Milgram’s famous experiment, participants believed they were

['(A) Confidentiality', '(B) Deception', '(C) Informed consent', '(D) Anonymity', '(E) Debriefing']

(B) This study involved deception. Although participants volunteered for the study, the purpose of the study was concealed. Additionally, the participants were deceived as to the amount of shock they were giving to others because those receiving shock were not actually receiving shock but were acting. Researchers in this case believed they could not get appropriate results if participants were made fully aware of the purpose of the study. The use of deception has numerous ethical considerations.