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<s>[INST] we buy wood chips [/INST] wood chip suppliers wood chips for sale north east our eco friendly wood chips are a great alternative to decorative bark mulch or aggregates to enhance your garden ideal for use in borders edging pathways or for other landscaping applications wood chips are often used also on the floor for chicken runs and pig pens over time the wood chips tend to soften once exposed to elements they are a long lasting solution as they dont tend to break down as easy as softwood or certain mulches due to the process of our recycling you may occasionally get oversized pieces of wood which can be easily removed furthermore they can also be used for play areas offering a cleaner play surface or animal enclosure all year used for businesses communities and the public sector organisations to generate heat wood chips are now also widely used by many businesses communities public sector and some households for the generation of heat they can be easily processed to meet a wide variety of requirements for example chip size and the moisture content being the main two specifications wood chips systems offer a clean and convenient heating from larger domestic properties to larger scale systems within hospitals schools etc furthermore they can also be used to fuel combined heat and power chp plants this is where the heat which is produced during electricity generation is then used to provide hot water rather than being just lost as in conventional power stations get in touch for more information if you would like to place an order you will find all our details on the contact us page visit contact page </s>

<s>[INST] fishery conservation and management act [/INST] 2015 magnuson stevens efh assessment the public comment period on the nwtt draft supplemental eis oeis is now closed thank you for your participation in the process 2015 magnuson stevens fishery conservation and management act essential fish habitat assessment northwest training and testing final report essential fish habitat assessment march 2015 section menu 2019 northwesttraining and testing supplemental eis oeis documents 2019 draft supplemental eis oeis 2019 supplemental eis oeis supporting technical documents 2019 supplemental eis oeis references 2019 marine mammal protection act letter of authorization 2015northwesttraining and testing final eis oeis documents 2015final eis oeis 2015 supporting technical documents 2016record of decision 2015 2016 endangered species act biological opinion 2015 marine mammal protection act letter of authorization 2015 magnuson stevens fishery conservation and management act essential fish habitat assessment subscribe to receive updates andannouncements subscribe here </s>

<s>[INST] fishing game company [/INST] occupational employment and wages may 2018 33 3031 fish and game wardens patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife compile biological data national estimates for this occupation industry profile for this occupation geographic profile for this occupation national estimates for this occupation top employment estimate and mean wage estimates for this occupation employment 1 employment rse 3 mean hourly wage mean annual wage 2 wage rse 3 6 040 2 7 28 49 59 260 0 8 percentile wage estimates for this occupation percentile 10 25 50 median 75 90 hourly wage 19 28 22 63 27 75 33 61 38 53 annual wage 2 40 090 47 080 57 710 69 900 80 140 industry profile for this occupation top industries with the highest published employment and wages for this occupation are provided for a list of all industries with employment in this occupation see the create customized tables function industries with the highest levels of employment in this occupation industry employment 1 percent of industry employment hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 state government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 5 260 0 24 29 14 60 620 local government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 780 0 01 24 09 50 120 industries with the highest concentration of employment in this occupation industry employment 1 percent of industry employment hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 state government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 5 260 0 24 29 14 60 620 local government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 780 0 01 24 09 50 120 top paying industries for this occupation industry employment 1 percent of industry employment hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 state government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 5 260 0 24 29 14 60 620 local government excluding schools and hospitals oes designation 780 0 01 24 09 50 120 geographic profile for this occupation top states and areas with the highest published employment location quotients and wages for this occupation are provided for a list of all areas with employment in this occupation see the create customized tables function states with the highest employment level in this occupation state employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 texas 460 0 04 0 91 31 79 66 130 new york 400 0 04 1 01 32 69 68 000 north carolina 370 0 08 2 00 19 76 41 110 california 350 0 02 0 49 36 65 76 240 wisconsin 340 0 12 2 86 23 76 49 420 states with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation state employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 wyoming 80 0 31 7 48 27 82 57 870 south dakota 110 0 26 6 12 21 40 44 510 montana 100 0 22 5 18 24 43 50 820 maine 130 0 21 5 15 28 27 58 800 north dakota 70 0 18 4 23 27 98 58 200 top paying states for this occupation state employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 illinois 110 0 02 0 43 42 45 88 300 iowa 130 0 08 2 03 39 68 82 520 rhode island 30 0 06 1 54 37 36 77 710 california 350 0 02 0 49 36 65 76 240 washington 100 0 03 0 75 35 58 74 010 metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in this occupation metropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 new york newark jersey city ny nj pa 90 0 01 0 22 31 65 65 840 virginia beach norfolk newport news va nc 80 0 11 2 64 22 14 46 040 atlanta sandy springs roswell ga 40 0 02 0 38 30 74 63 940 philadelphia camden wilmington pa nj de md 40 0 01 0 34 27 68 57 570 providence warwick ri ma 40 0 06 1 46 35 27 73 350 houston the woodlands sugar land tx 30 0 01 0 27 33 37 69 410 san francisco oakland hayward ca 30 0 01 0 32 36 45 75 820 los angeles long beach anaheim ca 30 0 01 0 12 37 69 78 390 metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation metropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 virginia beach norfolk newport news va nc 80 0 11 2 64 22 14 46 040 providence warwick ri ma 40 0 06 1 46 35 27 73 350 atlanta sandy springs roswell ga 40 0 02 0 38 30 74 63 940 san francisco oakland hayward ca 30 0 01 0 32 36 45 75 820 philadelphia camden wilmington pa nj de md 40 0 01 0 34 27 68 57 570 new york newark jersey city ny nj pa 90 0 01 0 22 31 65 65 840 los angeles long beach anaheim ca 30 0 01 0 12 37 69 78 390 houston the woodlands sugar land tx 30 0 01 0 27 33 37 69 410 top paying metropolitan areas for this occupation metropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 los angeles long beach anaheim ca 30 0 01 0 12 37 69 78 390 san francisco oakland hayward ca 30 0 01 0 32 36 45 75 820 providence warwick ri ma 40 0 06 1 46 35 27 73 350 houston the woodlands sugar land tx 30 0 01 0 27 33 37 69 410 new york newark jersey city ny nj pa 90 0 01 0 22 31 65 65 840 atlanta sandy springs roswell ga 40 0 02 0 38 30 74 63 940 philadelphia camden wilmington pa nj de md 40 0 01 0 34 27 68 57 570 virginia beach norfolk newport news va nc 80 0 11 2 64 22 14 46 040 nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in this occupation nonmetropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 capital northern new york nonmetropolitan area 80 0 57 13 60 33 80 70 300 southwest maine nonmetropolitan area 70 0 38 9 08 28 82 59 950 western wyoming nonmetropolitan area 50 0 52 12 37 27 06 56 280 coastal plains region of texas nonmetropolitan area 50 0 35 8 38 30 52 63 470 west south dakota nonmetropolitan area 50 0 84 20 13 19 45 40 450 nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation nonmetropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 west south dakota nonmetropolitan area 50 0 84 20 13 19 45 40 450 east central montana nonmetropolitan area 40 0 58 13 88 23 48 48 830 capital northern new york nonmetropolitan area 80 0 57 13 60 33 80 70 300 western wyoming nonmetropolitan area 50 0 52 12 37 27 06 56 280 southwest maine nonmetropolitan area 70 0 38 9 08 28 82 59 950 top paying nonmetropolitan areas for this occupation nonmetropolitan area employment 1 employment per thousand jobs location quotient 9 hourly mean wage annual mean wage 2 capital northern new york nonmetropolitan area 80 0 57 13 60 33 80 70 300 hill country region of texas nonmetropolitan area 50 0 24 5 65 33 37 69 410 north texas region of texas nonmetropolitan area 40 0 15 3 61 33 01 68 660 north coast region of california nonmetropolitan area 30 0 31 7 52 31 94 66 430 coastal plains region of texas nonmetropolitan area 50 0 35 8 38 30 52 63 470 about may 2018 national state metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area occupational employment and wage estimates these estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and all states and the district of columbia the top employment and wage figures are provided above the complete list is available in the downloadable xls files the percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall the median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate 50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median more about percentile wages 1 estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately estimates do not include self employed workers 2 annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a year round full time hours figure of 2 080 hours for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data 3 the relative standard error rse is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic the smaller the relative standard error the more precise the estimate 9 the location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration a location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average other oes estimates and related information may 2018 national occupational employment and wage estimates may 2018 state occupational employment and wage estimates may 2018 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area occupational employment and wage estimates may 2018 national industry specific occupational employment and wage estimates may 2018 occupation profiles technical notes last modified date april 3 2019 recommend this page using facebook twitter linkedin home subjects data tools publications economic releases students beta u s bureau of labor statistics division of occupational employment statistics psb suite 2135 2 massachusetts avenue ne washington dc 20212 0001 telephone 1 202 691 6569 www bls gov oes contact oes info what s new faqs a z glossary about bls careers bls find it dol join our mailing lists resources inspector general oig budget and performance no fear act usa gov about this site sitemap freedom of information act privacy security statement disclaimers linking copyright info important website notices help tutorials connect with bls twitter youtube email </s>

<s>[INST] fishery and wildlife [/INST] fish and wildlife service latest search trump administration moves to relax rules against killing birds a proposed regulation would codify a legal opinion in 2017 that declared the accidental killing of birds during the course of business as no longer subject to punishment by lisa friedman a trump policy clarification all but ends punishment for bird deaths in one of its first environmental acts the trump administration absolved businesses from responsibility for incidental bird deaths avian carnage has followed by lisa friedman when biking and bears dont mix conservationists worry that the popularity of recreational mountain biking and e bikes in public lands leads to unsafe conditions for humans as well as for bears and other wildlife by jim robbins trophy hunter seeks to import parts of rare rhino he paid 400 000 to kill the federal government is considered likely to approve a michigan mans application for the animals skin skull and horns to come into the united states by mariel padilla floridas panthers hit with mysterious crippling disorder state wildlife officials are sharing video of disabled animals in an effort to identify the ailment and save the beloved endangered cats by joshua sokol lion bones are profitable for breeders and poachers an american ban on trophies may have contributed to a growing trade in lion skeletons by rachel nuwer u s to consider listing giraffes as endangered species the population of giraffes the tallest land animals on earth has declined by about 40 percent in the last three decades conservationists say by mihir zaveri interior nominee intervened to block report on endangered species while serving as deputy secretary david bernhardt president trumps choice to lead the interior department adopted a regulatory approach favored by the pesticide industry by eric lipton a landscape lewis and clark would recognize is now under threat logging mining and development loom over the northern rockies by mike garrity and carole king gray wolves may lose endangered status and protections once again federal wildlife officials say their numbers have rebounded but conservationists may go back to court to fight the move by jim robbins show more advertisement continue reading the main story advertisement continue reading the main story site index </s>

<s>[INST] coal mining equipment manufacturers [/INST] mining mining is a challenging industry by partnering with liebherr mining you have the benefit of our 50 years experience in design manufacturing and support of mining machinery we work closely with our customers to provide options that add value and can be adapted to your specific requirements quality reliability and innovative technologies ensure that mining operations are safe time and cost efficient at all times even under the toughest of conditions mining excavators liebherr mining excavators are known for their exceptional performance simple operation operator comfort and easy serviceability from the r 9100 to the r 9800 all machines are designed to keep the costs per tonne at a minimum mining excavators mining trucks liebherr mining haul trucks impress in all equipment classes and are configured for payloads of up to 375 tonnes the trusted diesel electric drive concept ensures that the trucks operate under the highest level of cost effectiveness mining trucks crawler tractors for more than 40 years crawlers have been a permanent part of the liebherr range milestones such as the hydrostatic travel drive and single lever operation offer the highest level of economy and easiest operation crawler tractors customer service ensuring a permanent dialogue with each machine owner liebherr provides tailored assistance to customer specific projects and site requirements with a truly global network composed of liebherr affiliates and exclusive representatives liebherr s worldwide presence enables the highest level of service support irrespective of equipment location ensuring maximum machine availability and productivity customer service news all reports events all dates 11 27 2019 playing with the big ones 10 21 2019 out now the lego technic liebherr r 9800 excavator 09 27 2019 modal shift first results after 4 months of river transportation 09 18 2019 innovation by liebherr at perumin 34 from september 1 to 20 2019 03 27 2019 bhps mt arthur coal welcomes first 800 tonne excavators 03 05 2019 liebherr usa co sponsors fifth annual one city marathon 02 01 2019 bgc welcomes an r 9800 12 01 2018 set to break records 11 22 2018 five liebherr t 282 c ultra class trucks delivered in australia 11 12 2018 downer welcomes r 9400 02 03 2020 02 06 2020 mining indaba 04 20 2020 04 24 2020 expomin 08 26 2020 08 29 2020 steinexpo awards liebherr mining has received numerous awards for its high quality equipment and effective processes we are recognized as a leading manufacturer by industry magazines customers and national government bodies awards video liebherr provides proven technical design and constant innovative development of mining equipment our goal to deliver superior productivity that enables our customers to move more tons per hour at the lowest cost play video why liebherr liebherr mining holds six values above all others in regards to machine parts and component production why liebherr job reports liebherr mining machines are working in various environmments a job report is made about the machines performance qualities and abilities read concrete case studies job reports </s>

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<s>[INST] where to buy quarried stone [/INST] buy building stone best stone suppliers in the world 2019 admin june 26 2019 building stone buy building stone leave a comment 15 views related articles granite company major suppliers of granite slabs august 23 2019 buy building stone buying stone is one of the most important and vital tasks in the construction industry contractors in this field know that if they do not choose the stone for the size they will be in trouble in the next few years basically buying a building stone is based on the value of the project the location of the project the different parts of the project and other factors buying the right stone of high quality will double the beauty of the building the rocks that are used in the building are called stone carvings rock masses stones and plain stones most popular stone for building constriction building stone price the types of stones that are used in iran include the following categories travertine stone a stone that can be used in all parts of the building and will not have any problems for use at high altitudes marble stone a stone that is used for indoor places especially flooring units and has a fairly good price granite stone this rock is often used in industrial and traffic areas and has a tremendous resistance marble this stone is used for special and attractive places that have special lighting the price of marble is incredibly high the rocks that enter iran such as the imperial stone and granite stones of china and brazil are in this group these rocks will also be used in almost luxurious places in addition to the above options paying attention to the quality of stone processing is also extremely important and essential for example the quality of the masonry should be suitable and received a brightness to the size stone thickness is one of the options that should be taken care of because it will be difficult if the thickness of the rolled steel is inappropriate resins and uv are suitable for other important issues that make the surface of the stone more uniform and increase the resistance of its particles the stones edges are also important in choosing the stones edges which kinds of stone are suitable for facade veneer stone one of the easy beautiful and most popular materials in the facade of the rock which has long been an optimal use of the facade what is a modern stone lining these types of stones which are actually artifact stones are more commonly used in view of being cheaper and lighter these rocks which are thinner than the natural stone require installation and implementation of that special skill almost all stone veneers require one or two layers of mortar to be caved and secured to a metal shield perforated metal plate after drying pieces of stone are mounted on it stone is one of the most important rocks for each building this stone should be examined from three directions amazingly the reason for this is the presence of this part of the building and each person first encounters the facade of each building and then steps into it for adhesion since rock is installed at high altitudes there must be sufficient porosity in the rock to increase its adhesion to the mortar and the wall scoping is still a must resistance stone has the highest impact on atmospheric conditions and should therefore have the highest resistance to be protected in the course of water snow cold and sun stone travertine is the best option to choose the right stone best building stone suppliers 2019 building facade most construction projects use building stone to complete their project employers and contractors are carefully choosing building blocks to make their facade more beautiful which is why stone building is the last thing to do on the building as well as a building that is open to everyone travertine stone cheap stone stone floor in this way all the subtle layers are hidden behind the stones and the beauty of the end of the work depends on the structure of the stone used in the project so selecting the right stone that has the following features is important a suitable building stone good quality construction stone a suitable construction stone in general the building stone is divided into several main categories which are used in different projects and sulayeh is effective in choosing it the main items are marble stone travertine or travertine granite white chinese stone marble or enix stone the above rocks are the main categories of building stone travertine stone is very suitable for exterior facades travertine stone has a high strength and on the other hand due to the many holes behind the stone there is good adhesion behind the work which makes the stone travertine suitable for the exterior know better marble stone is less resistant to water than travertine and is therefore mainly used in the interior so as not to be exposed to atmospheric conditions marble stone is very much used as a floor stone buy building stone in low price granite is often used in hard areas such as industrial spaces or in the parking lot due to its high strength although external granite stones are also used for cabin rocks chinese white stones are often used to design and decorate stones because of the beauty and the conditions for making stone blocks lobby stone cabinet stone and stone services are parts that will be very beautiful with white stone of course the main categories of building stone are also divided into different types each of which has the characteristics and variety of colors you can contact us to buy and sell this product asghar basereh connection paths tell 00989129554099 whatsapp 00989129554099 imo 00989129554099 skype 00989129554099 email info dormika com site www dormika com share facebook twitter google stumbleupon linkedin pinterest tags building stone buy building stone natural building stone natural stone supplier natural stone wholesale about admin previous natural stone 10 best wholesalers and suppliers in iran next cheap granite slabs for sale 5 tips to buy granite slabs items leave a reply cancel reply you must be logged in to post a comment recent popular comments tags slab stones suppliers affordable prices for slab stones in iran 3 weeks ago granite company major suppliers of granite slabs august 23 2019 quartz kitchen countertops where to find best stones august 8 2019 marble suppliers near me how to become the best supplier august 7 2019 marble wholesale buy sell at best price august 5 2019 stone quarry best methods for mining stones june 10 2019 19 natural stone 10 best wholesalers and suppliers in iran june 24 2019 16 buy building stone best stone suppliers in the world 2019 june 26 2019 15 wall stone 10 incredible stones for wall tiling and design june 16 2019 15 marble wholesale buy sell at best price august 5 2019 14 marble tiles price marble countertops how to build a natural stone wall natural stone supplier natural stone wholesale where to buy granite buy granite granite trades using granite in open kitchen cheap granite suppliers marble tiles granite tiles marble countertops best countertops marblecountertops granite countertops common types of building stones building stones classification granite quarry building stone prices beautiful granite block for sale building stone walls vanity countertops granite block for sale categories affordable marble wholesale beautiful granite block for sale building stone buy building stone buy granite cheap granite slabs cheap granite slabs for sale countertops granite company granite countertops granite quarry granite supplier kitchen countertops marble countertops marble stone marble supplier marble suppliers marble suppliers near me marble tiles marble wholesale natural stone natural stone supplier quartz countertops quartz kitchen countertops slab stones slab stones in iran stone quarry vanity countertops wall stone wall stone price wall stone supplier wall stone wholesale where to buy granite </s>

<s>[INST] coal mining equipment near me [/INST] home news 14 jan 2020 press release sandvik completes the acquisition of summerill tube corporation 10 jan 2020 press release sandvik distributes proforma numbers for sandvik mining and rock technology 6 jan 2020 press release sandvik acquires thermaltek 2 jan 2020 press release sandvik acquires melin tool company 23 dec 2019 press release sandvik receives major tubular order for the energy industry more news featured stories meet ulrika wedberg head of sustainable business what does the path to fulfilling sandviks 2030 sustainability goals look like a true and sanitary pursuit sandvik and engineers without borders are working with a local group in tanzania to construct sustainable and user friendly toilet facilities will hydrogen fuel cells power the future hydrogen fuel cells are powering a cleaner future advanced production and coating technology from sandvik make the fuel cell plates more durable and efficient compared with other methods of production products services a wide range of products and services based on industry leading technologies and extensive r d view product groups areas of expertise sandviks operations are based on unique expertise in materials technology and extensive insight into industrial processes view our areas of expertise vacancies to continue to build a strong workforce we are constantly looking for the talents of today and tomorrow see all our available jobs site footer sandvik is an engineering group in mining and rock excavation metal cutting and materials technology copyright sandvik ab publ box 510 se 101 30 stockholm sweden phone 46 8 456 11 00 contact privacy about this site linkedin youtube instagram twitter facebook more sandvik other sandvik websites </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood chips near me [/INST] believe eat or not recipe cocoa peanut butter bacon bagel 1 tj s pretzel bagel 2 tablespoons tj s cocoa almond spread 2 tablespoons tj s creamy salted peanut butter featured recipe fearless flyer october 2018 current flyer announcements calabasas canow open new york lower east side essex crossing nynow open trader joes teams up with the red sox to fight hunger in new england recent announcements dig in stuffing muffins trader joes cornbread stuffing mix is the base of this foolproof recipe that keeps spirits high and stress levels low in the blink and youll miss them weeks leading up to turkey day we call them stuffing muffins we also call them fantastically tasty and ridiculously deliciousnot that were biased or anything these portable parcels of stuffing goodness are a warm invitingantidote to chilly fall days the recipe starts with our cornbread stuffing mix liberally seasoned with chicken broth garlic onion powders and fragrant spices once it s prepared dried cranberries are folded in for a slightly sweet chew latest dig in post tj s test kitchen </s>

<s>[INST] buy 4x4 wood [/INST] a guide to buying reasonably priced firewood share flipboard email richard drury getty images animals nature forestry tree identification basics arboriculture tree structure physiology the science of growing trees conifer species individual hardwood species pests diseases and wildfires tree planting and reforestation amphibians birds habitat profiles mammals reptiles wildlife conservation insects marine life dinosaurs evolution view more by steve nix forestry expert b s forest resource management university of georgia steve nix is a natural resources consultant and a former forest resources analyst for the state of alabama he is a member of the society of american foresters our editorial process steve nix updated august 29 2018 when it comes to fueling your fireplace or wood burning stove you can either purchase a rack or two of wood a time cut it yourself or buy it by the truckload the problem with buying it a rack at a time is that it s not cost effective the other option cutting it yourself is less expensive but it takes a lot of time and effort which is why so many people who use fireplaces and wood burning stoves as their primary source of heat choose to buy pre cut wood in a large volume by learning just a little bit about how to make the right purchase you can save yourself money time and muscle painand stay cozy all winter what the law states many states have enacted firewood transaction laws to ensure that consumers are getting the correct amount of wood for their money it s important to understand how a seller might measure wood compared to the state standards of measurement before trying to evaluate how much the wood should cost per unit of measurement cords and fractions of a cord are the only two legal units of measurement accepted in most states any other unit termpile rick rank pickup load etc is more of a regional or local preference and therefore can be prone to price gouging understanding measurements of wood on average a cord of wood as defined by most states is equal to the amount of cut and tightly stacked roundwood that can fit inside a container that measures four feet by four feet by eight feet or 128 cubic feet be aware that wood received in different lengths can mean you get a different amount of wood for instance a cord of wood split and tightly stacked in 16 foot lengths contains considerably more energy less air space than a cord of wood stacked and racked in eight foot lengths if the firewood is cut to fit a stove or fireplace and is split and tightly stacked there is less room for air and more room for wood if the wood is haphazardly piled on the other hand the air to wood volume ratio is increased and you have less energy per cord you should of course insist on neat and tight stacking but remember that every processing step adds to the cost of the wood also know that a truckload while not a legal definition is often the one most used by sellers in these instances a truckload can mean anything from a loaded light weight short bed pickup which usually holds about a fifth of a cord to a large pulpwood truck which usually holds four cords tips for getting firewood at the right price there are a number of ways to mitigate price gouging and ensure that you re paying the right amount of money for the right amount of energy per unit of wood try to avoid buying firewood that is not sold in cords or fractions of a cord since again these other measurements aren t standardized and make it almost impossible to compare prices to the market value in order to avoid wasted space insist that thewood is cut to burning length split and uniformly stacked in a pile although this may increase the cost of the wood for handling it will ensure a better volume of energy estimation and will make stacking for storage that much easier because truckload measurements can vary so greatly always determine the hauling capacity in cubic feet of any truck used to hold the wood you ve ordered and ensure that the stacking is relatively tight and orderly you can and should measure your or the seller s transport bed to determine its volume which will then determine the cord or fraction of a cord price you can expect to pay you can determine this price by multiplying the bed length by the bed width by the bed height then divide that gross cubic feet volume by 128 take that number which will probably be a fraction and then multiply it by the price per cord to get your wood s value for instance say you plan to go to a wood lot and stack and haul your own truckload your truck bed measures two by four by eight feet multiply those numbers together and you get 64 divide by 128 and you get 5 or the capacity to hold half a cord of wood if the seller advertises 200 per cord you should expect to pay 100 to stack and haul your truckload yourself what you ll pay firewood costs are driven by location and availability so prices for a cord of mixed hardwood can range from 50 to more than 100 a cord depending on location if you want to have the seller stack and deliver know that the cost of transporting that wood to your front door will add more money to that price again depending on the region you can pay anywhere from 100 to 150 more for processing transport and handling tree wood and their heating properties listed best to worst converting units of wood measurement free places to buy and sell used homeschool curriculum tips for selling your trees for timber finding and preparing the best firewood for heating what you need to know about forest measurements wvo diesel how to run an engine on vegetable oil two ways the government can help you buy a fixer upper home use pine as firewood with cautionand don t use cedar how to convert cubic feet to cubic inches ergonomic lighting levels by room for residential spaces what are the determinants of supply learn to recognize and avoid carbon monoxide poisoning what makes the redwood tree so special how kinetochores help split 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<s>[INST] buy a horses [/INST] can i buy a horse for my follower ask question asked 8 years 1 month ago active 6 days ago viewed 151k times 36 3 can i buy a horse for my follower i have my own horse but i feel sorry for lydia and she lags behind me quite a bit the elder scrolls 5 skyrim share improve this question edited mar 9 13 at 19 36 tomas karban asked nov 27 11 at 2 12 tomas karban tomas karban 463 1 1 gold badge 4 4 silver badges 6 6 bronze badges 2 i tend to ignore the followers in the world they re always getting lost or lagging behind why they don t enjoy jumping off waterfalls is entirely beyond me david yell mar 21 12 at 8 46 add a comment 3 answers 3 active oldest votes 22 current mods that can allow you to buy horses for your followers to use mounted followers this mod once installed lets your follower have and ride an horse that will spawn near your last ridden horse it works with stolen horses quest horses but of course works best with stabled horses note 1 i suggest you to never mount the follower horse it may result in the follower mounting yours and after you dismount you d have to catch your horse that tries to go back to stables 2 you can fast travel but note that your follower may not be teleporting with you if you were mounted it is not an issue tho your companion will come back after a while specially if you transition to doors etc 3 once their ai kicks in followers are rather slow they walk to catch their horse just go they will catch up 4 the ai will not enter combat unless you dismount and so the normal behavior starts 5 if your follower is very close to you and you dismount they may not dismount at first but once you start moving they will 6 follower horses are not owned by the player so they will show with red name this is totally normal they are not supposed to be mounted by you 7 if for some reason follower horses aren t showing up mount up on your horse and then dismount in few seconds follower horses should show up horseridingfollowers this mod makes your follower ride a horse if s he has access to one he owns if he has one near he ll mount when you do and dismount when you do sometimes it takes a little while for him to decide to mount especially if it s the first time horses for followers horses for followers will make new horses available to buy at all the main stables better follower improvements will enable your companion to ride them and follow you to make followers mount their steeds all you need to do is mount your own and they will follow suit when combat ensues they will dismount and engage in combat as normal the horses are set to avoid combat if possible unlike the vanilla players horse now that you have two horses to pay for you will appreciate their increased survivability the horses will be owned by the current follower faction or player faction which means that even if you change followers there is no need to buy a new horse for each one hope you enjoy and let me know of any bugs or mod conflicts if a follower refuses to mount use the bill of sale in the inventory books to switch to ownership more suitable for your companion at any given time the horseridingfollowers mod description also states that you can make your follower ride non horse mounts like mammoths and wolfs with this mod and also probably other similar mods like a boss share improve this answer edited feb 3 18 at 4 44 answered mar 19 12 at 6 12 galacticninja galacticninja 39 3k 70 70 gold badges 238 238 silver badges 450 450 bronze badges there are also convenient horses and immersive horses mods lore friendly may 13 19 at 4 06 add a comment 15 sadly no i don t see this being an official bethesda obsidian released dlc either the pc version has a fairly large modding community so there might be something in that avenue but i don t know if it ll be high on the list of requests as for console commands in the pc version there s no way to get a follower to ride a horse share improve this answer answered nov 28 11 at 8 30 tarkenfire tarkenfire 1 808 1 1 gold badge 11 11 silver badges 15 15 bronze badges add a comment 3 no not yet but it is high on a list of mod requests for the pc at least if there will be modding for the console that will be a long wait the creation kit will be released in january the console one has not yet been verified for a release date yet already people are getting ready to make a mod for this reason but they lack the resources if you have a pc check the nexus in mid january share improve this answer edited dec 7 11 at 20 40 raven dreamer 158k 119 119 gold badges 625 625 silver badges 899 899 bronze badges answered dec 7 11 at 20 21 david david 31 1 1 bronze badge add a comment not the answer you re looking for browse other questions tagged the elder scrolls 5 skyrim or ask your own question blog were making it easier to try stack overflow for teams featured on meta thank you shog9 thank you robert cartaino lets build some arqade themed community ads entries due by friday 31st jan linked 1 how can i give my follower a horse related 7 can i lose a follower by horse riding over a long distance 27 who is the stealthiest follower 13 how can i get lydia out of my house 1 how to make ysolda ride horse horses for followers mod 4 how do i completely reset an npc 8 can mehrunes razor accidentally kill a follower 3 can my follower hold my horse hot network questions old part animated live action movie musical single mom takes a correspondence course on magic in star trek are food replicators also used by everyday people as a household item did ducard make a mistake or willingly overlook this detail in batman begins how far away are the events that caused the gravitational waves that have been detected mayonnaise differences across the world consequences of an earth size object hitting the sun example where autodiff works but symbolic differentiation will not stringreplace with multiple patterns white balance color matching between video 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fishing rod reel combos ice fishing inline combos 13 fishing blackout ice inline combo images tap to zoom tap to zoom 13 fishing blackout ice inline combo details https www scheels com p 13 fishing blackout ice inline combo 859915 rp2 bo html item no 859915 rp2 bo 120 00 free shipping variations fields marked with are required select rod power select rod power medium light light select length select length 27 select hand retrieve select hand retrieve left false facebook twitter pinterest additional information product description 859915 rp2 bo combining the precision design of the tickle stick and the freefall tm ghost reel the 13 fishing blackout ice fishing combo delivers dynamic performance with enhanced strength and smoother drops parallel composite construction on the ice rod creates a flat tip for improved bite sensitivity while alpsthin wire guides add strength without increasing weight to maintain a lightweight feel an evolve lock down reel seat securely attaches the reel to the rod so you can fish knowing your equipment will stand up to sudden pulls and aggressive fish the reel on this ice combo features a freefall tm trigger system and drop speed control for precise depth management the improved slide drag on this inline reel engages the drag more smoothly for enhanced finesse and features anti reverse functionality to prevent the reel from spinning backward uncontrollably a performance window allows for quick checks to ensure the reel is functioning properly with precise depth control and improved rod strength the 13 fishing blackout ice combo delivers precision performance to take your mid depth ice fishing to the next level rod features high density split grip handle pc2 parallel composite construction creates a flat tip evolve lock down reel seat for more secure reel attachment alpsthin wire guides add strength without increasing weight reel features 4 stainless steel ball bearings freefall tm drop lever for precise depth control drop speed control for improved line management improved slide drag system for smoother engagement performance window for quick checking of reel function instant anti reverse prevents the reel from spinning backward specs rod length 27 in gear ratio 2 5 1 drag material graphite reel handle material aluminum blank material composite graphite reel frame material composite graphite read more search reviews and questions sort by most recent review customer reviews powered by turnto review more purchases my posts 5 0 5 0 2 reviews 5 stars 4 stars 3 stars 2 stars 1 star 2 0 0 0 0 sort by most helpful sort by most recent review sort highest to lowest sort lowest to highest love it love this rod sensitive tip to see the smallest of bites but strong enough to reel in the big ones was this review helpful yes 0 no 0 flag as inappropriate february 25 2020 eric p purchased 1 month ago was this review helpful yes 0 no 0 flag as inappropriate great product great product would recommend was this review helpful yes 0 no 0 flag as inappropriate february 14 2020 blaine j purchased 2 months ago was this review helpful yes 0 no 0 flag as inappropriate reviews for similar products back to top </s>

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tablet at home thousands of courses videos books and job aids are just a click away domtar offers many formal and informal learning opportunities for employees tuition reimbursement and on site certified professional education courses help employees participate in academic training even while working our orientation and on the job training programs give employees the skills and knowledge needed to contribute from day one and to succeed when they move into new positions our growing leaders program is preparing the next generation of manufacturing leaders by passing on the skills and experience from our current leaders 6 cool facts about domtar at domtar we know that our everyday products truly can make life better every day and how we do business is as important as what we do watch this video to learn six cool facts about domtar our personal care division was established in 2011 weve built this business through a series of acquisitions each with its own unique products and market focus our vision is to be a global leader in absorbent hygiene by meeting consumers diverse needs through effective affordable and widely available personal care solutions learn more about how we are sourcing responsibly operating efficiently and engaging with stakeholders to build a better future together college internship leads to biomaterials career at domtar when catherine summerell accepted an internship at domtar she didnt know it would lead to a thriving biomaterials career find out how our internship program prepared her for long term success in our biomaterials group learn more employee engagement makes domtar a great place to work our employees are critical to our success and we care about employee engagement and satisfaction thats why we earned great place to work certification and a forbes ranking as one of canadas best employers learn more paper science engineers are always in demand the growth in digital communications hasnt stopped our industry from thriving as baby boomers retire at record rates paper science engineers are in demand find out why paper science is a growing field learn more sustainable forestry tour educating the social media generation two social media influencers participated in a sustainable forestry tour made possible by domtar procter gamble and several nonprofit partners the event is just one way were educating the next generation about responsible manufacturing learn more our company pulp paper division personal care division corporate we are the largest integrated manufacturer and marketer of uncoated freesheet paper in north america and one of the largest manufacturers of pulp in the world our network of 13 pulp and paper mills and 10 paper converting facilities gives us 3 million tons of papermaking capacity and 1 8 million air dried metric tons admt of market pulp capacity annually to help us to serve our customers support our employees and strengthen our communities domtars personal care division was created in 2011 with the purchase of attends healthcare and has since grown through multiple strategic acquisitions and investments today domtar is a leading manufacturer of high quality and innovative absorbent hygiene products with six manufacturing plants that serve customers primarily in north america and europe each year we manufacture and ship millions of products for adults babies and children that help improve their quality of life our corporate employees provide internal support services to the main business functions of the organization including human resources corporate communications information technology finance audit sustainability legal and government affairs ariva is a domtar owned and operated distribution company that offers a spectrum of high quality paper packaging and industrial supplies to help businesses communicate collaborate and compete more effectively teams human resources information technology sales marketing accounting finance operations corporate global presence local impact we make our products at 28 manufacturing facilities located around the world with a focus on safety quality and sustainability no matter where they work domtar employees are pursuing common goals explore our locations stay in the loop tweets by domtareveryday join our talent community submit your information to our talent pool and find out when openings match your background domtar offers a competitive paid annual vacation plan based on continuous years of service domtar encourages and supports the personal and professional development of our employees our education reimbursement program has been established to help develop our employees growth in current or future positions we are committed to delivering health and well being programs that support our employees in taking action and adopting healthy behaviors we aim to improve the physical psychological and financial health of our employees through education and activities that support healthy lifestyles domtar provides a competitive medical plan that varies based on location domtar has a 401k plan that includes company match and an additional employer contribution domtar offers disability coverage that helps you meet your expenses when you cannot work because of a qualifying disability domtar provides income replacement protection under short term disability and long term disability at no cost to employees in order to help mothers and fathers bond with their newborn or adopted child we offer parental leave to eligible employees </s>

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enable the participants to have the knowledge on how to start a trucking business who should participate persons who own an auv or any service vehicle and looking to start a new business employees in the shipping or transport department of a manufacturing or distribution company and considering being self employed limestonephilippines global manufacturers home construction real estate quarry stone slabs philippines profile link tool philippines construction real estate philippines quarry stone slabs company introduction limestonephilippines is located in philippines we are the limestone hydrated lime quick lime wholesaler contact information quarry buyers companies in philippines quarry buyers companies in philippines including pinamalayan and more company list search search company list philippines quarry buyers quarry buyers companies in philippines add your free listing related industries any country general industrial equipment material handling equipment salman cadar business development manager haribon sand business broker at link business broking philippines inc melanie joyce monton melanie joyce monton manager at sun life financial linkedin coach trainer digital freelancer hiasmine gani business development manager at haribon sand and gravel quarry project view profile view profile badges view similar profiles angelica abueg title business development manager company profile hilti corporation company profile company profile company profile we passionately create enthusiastic customers and build a better future about us hilti makes construction work simpler faster and safer with products systems software and services that provide clear added value hilti stands for quality innovation and direct customer relationships phytoworx global innovations corporation herbal phytoworx global innovations corporation experts in manufacturing and exporting herbal preparations quarry mines and 1 more products a supplier on alibaba working at jlg group trucking quarry crusher company considering a career at jlg group trucking quarry crusher learn what its like to work for jlg group trucking quarry crusher by reading employee ratings and reviews on jobstreet philippines aboitiz family forbes the company was founded by paulino aboitiz son of a spanish farmer who migrated to the philippines in the late 1800s it began as an abaca trading and general merchandise business quarry financing in philippines quarry ventures phil inc quarry ventures philippines inc services quarry ventures philippines inc services located in pasig metro manila more details sc rules on dds case pnp can search quarry for bodies sep two years ago the existence of the davao death squad was enrolled and confirmed in the dockets of the supreme court of the philippines lafarge company wikipedia by 29 february 2016 the company had a share value of 17 292 billion euros distributed in 288 383 057 shares nature reserves lafarge also own a few nature reserves an example of this is brandon 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trucks that we lease from third parties elvie gozun quarry properties business devt consultant philippines 1 other named elvie gozun is on linkedin see others named elvie gozun elvies public profile badge include this linkedin profile on other websites elvie gozun placeholder image elvie gozun company placeholder image quarry properties business devt consultant at treadstone 89 development company connections 2 concrete aggregates corporation cai since then the company has supplied the construction industry with quality processed aggregates ready mix concrete bituminous concrete mix and pre stressed pre cast concrete in 1973 cai merged with build on aggregates corporation bac and the resulting entity was named concrete aggregates corporation cac quarry financing in philippines quarry ventures phil inc quarry ventures philippines inc services quarry ventures philippines inc services located in pasig metro manila more details sc rules on dds case pnp can search quarry for bodies sep two years ago the existence of the davao death squad was enrolled and confirmed in the dockets of the supreme court of the philippines limestonephilippines global manufacturers home construction real estate quarry stone slabs philippines profile link tool philippines construction real estate philippines quarry stone slabs company introduction limestonephilippines is located in philippines we are the limestone hydrated lime quick lime wholesaler contact information production process cemex philippines we source our limestone pozzolans and clay primarily from alqc and iqac we also source raw materials including limestone clay pozzolans and gypsum from third parties both in the philippines and from abroad these raw materials are delivered from the quarry to our crushing facilities on trucks that we lease from third parties ese philippines esetek equipment philippines inc address unit 506 coherco financial tower investment drive cor trade avenue madrigal business park alabang muntinlupa city 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<s>[INST] where can i buy herring [/INST] lutefisk herring and more 0 00 sku zseafood ingebretsens has long been famous for our pickled herring but we also have lutefisk salt cod and more to find out what is currently available please contact our mail order department please note because of hot temperatures in many parts of the u s we discourage shipping these products in the summer months we cannot be responsible for any damage that might be incurred in shipping 0 00 quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 add to wishlist add to registry add to registry categories catalog 2019 christmas holiday celebrations books films music calendars stationery clothing jewelry foods nordic kitchen scandinavian home serving nordic style scandinavian table handmade treasures crafts needlework knitting collectibles kids scandihoovian fun outdoors vikings flags gift certificates celebrating scandinavian culture for more than 90 years 1601 e lake street minneapolis mn 55407 phone 612 729 9333 toll free 800 279 9333 info ingebretsens com store hours monday friday 9 00 5 30 saturday 9 00 5 00 sunday closed 2009 2020 ingebretsen s all rights reserved web development by creative arc a minneapolis web design firm </s>

<s>[INST] where to buy decorative stones [/INST] decorative stones types of landscaping rocks decorative stone is natural rock that has multiple uses in and around your home it can be used for mulch ground cover driveways and filler around pools and patios it can also be used for diy crafts and decor this guide will explain the different purposes decorative stone can have in your yard click here to shop all landscape rocks related products concrete pavers shop product bagged shop product garden wall blocks shop product see more jump to specific section application and calculating amount needed stone coverage calculation tips types of decorative stone brick chips crushed gravel lava rock river rock marble seasonal decorative stone application and calculating amount needed begin by measuring the area you intend to cover with decorative stone then determine the type of rock youd like to use tip large amounts of rock to be used in driveways or walkways are generally sold by the cubic foot or half foot smaller bags for mulch or indoor use are sold in bags ranging from 5 to 50 pounds stone coverage calculation there may be some question as to how deep decorative stone should be layered the suggested depth of coverage can vary according to the size of the individual stones if the stone size is 1 2 inch or less the suggested depth is 2 inches while stones that are 3 4 inch to 1 inch should have a depth of about 3 inches stones that are 1 inch or larger should have a depth of 4 inches a cubic yard of decorative stone 27 cubic feet will actually cover more or less area depending on depth take this factor into consideration when measuring for and purchasing decorative stone suggested coverage 160 sq ft at 2 inch depth 108 sq ft at 3 inch depth 80 sq ft at 4 inch depth 54 sq ft at 6 inch depth tips smaller stones may shift more in heavy rain rocks used as mulch tend to retain heat which can reflect back onto the plants causing them to dry out types of decorative stone choose from brick chips crushed gravel lava rock river rock and marble to create pathways mulch for garden beds driveways and more the region you live in may determine the kinds of stone available for purchase in your area decorative stone is quarried and stone types vary greatly by location the cost of shipping makes anything other than local stone an extremely expensive proposition brick chips made from crushed angular fragments of brick terra cotta color with deep reds and browns sizes range from to 3 4 to 1 1 4 inches used as mulch or as driveway stone crushed gravel usually gray and composed of sharp irregularly shaped rock fragments rocks easily interlock and provide good packing size ranges from 1 4 to 3 4 inches used for roads driveways base rock and pathways lava rock porous light irregularly shaped and available in red or black hues generally offers good drainage and packs down well usually ranges in size from 3 4 to 1 1 4 inches used in driveways gardens and along paths and walkways river rock round and smooth available in shades of gray or brown provides good drainage and erosion control sizes range from 3 8 to 2 1 2 inches used in flower and garden beds and on walkways for erosion control tip pea gravel is a smaller size of river rock used in decorative concrete and other applications marble made from fragments of marble used in fountains and to cover soil in houseplants and container gardens should not be used around plants that require high levels of acid as it will change the ph of the soil stone sizes range from 1 4 to 1 2 inches typically sold in 5 lb bags seasonal decorative stone the varying colors of decorative stone make them ideal for creating patterns in your landscape to celebrate holidays and other seasonal events painting rocks is another recent trend in landscape decor that you can use decorative stones to enjoy apply acrylic or glow paint to smooth river stones and place them in your gravel beds or as accent pieces around your garden stones small rocks can even be painted to add a flash of color to planters ready to find the supplies you need in your local store use the home depot app to locate products and check inventory we ll take you to the exact aisle and bay if you need help identifying a tool or material find products fast with image search in the home depot app snap a picture of an item you like and we ll show you similar products related guides privacy landscaping ideas low maintenance landscaping rock landscaping ideas that increase curb appeal </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood 3d [/INST] citywood toggle sidebar navigation shop about contact scroll to content city wood is a high quality minimalist wooden map for city lovers created with a laser cut precision shop now make a custom city get your 39 new york map city wood design has been awarded an a design award gold 2018 and german design award special 2019 make your custom location over 1000 maps made we ship world wide now in blue indigo water best sellers new york san francisco ottawa paris philadelphia pittsburgh shop now how it is made the city wood is created from a city data that is transferred in the computer features such as roads streets and rivers are converted into layers to create depth of the design we use 1 8 inch sheets of high quality plywood all of which are hand sanded and precisely finished in details each layer is cut separately with a one hundredth of a millimeter precision and polished with sand paper to provide smooth clean surface to protect the wood each surface is finished with varnish to add color and make it more lasting each map is unique due to the individual grain of the wood all of our maps and woodcraft are handmade work with a great attention to the creating process handmade finish handmade work brings the highest quality for details so we carefully work on each wooden piece in our workshop laser cut precision we mastered laser cut precision to work for us for the best possible effects interior design we work with interior designers and architects to create a modern minimalist design feel free to contact us </s>

<s>[INST] buy atlas stones [/INST] strongman equipment at our columbus oh store buy atlas stone handle buy adjustable weight husafell husefelt strongman stone free make your own husafell mold strongman log atlas stone weight insert handles strongman equipment at our columbus oh store buy atlas stone handle buy husafell husefelt strongman stone mold fasten corners together with screws pre drill first use two 48 x 6 vinyl base and notch the bottom for the curves hold them in place with the 1 4 x 2 bolts and rod connectors with the 1 4 x 1 bolts holding up the rebar put a piece of tape over the side seams in the vinyl a rectangular piece of plywood can be screwed to the bottom of the mold however it is easier to tape a heavy duty trash bag or plastic to your garage floor set the mold on it and tape the bottom edge of the mold liner to the plastic it will not leak take the 17 top rebar and the 7 bottom rebar and set them over the 1 4 bolts connectors in the top and bottom of the frame use wire to hold them in place lay the 3 29 verical pieces over the top and bottom piece and attach with more wire place the two 25 horizontal pieces under the vertical pieces and attach with wire last set the two 23 side pieces in place ant attach use quickrete 5000 concrete mix rated at 5000 psi and a higher early strength it takes 3 full bags to pour this mold to the 6 inch top try to have all 3 bags mixed and ready in 2 wheelbarrows or be ready to mix them up really fast one after the other then stir each pour into the previous one in the mold with a 2x4 screed any excess off the top and tap the side of the mold all around with a hammer as the concrete starts to set up use the edging tool to curve the top edges but not too soon wait 24 hours take out the four 1 4 bolts then take out the screws at the top and bottom of the mold so it can be moved away from the stone gently knock off any rough edges from the edging tool this mold is assembled with screws then taken apart for shipping put the screws back in with a screw driver you can buy a completed stone at our columbus oh store 614 266 4047 do stone lifts in the gym without getting pine tar tacky all over everything i mounted two carlon b112hb grey handy boxes home depot in the bottom of the mold wrap the outside with duct tape position them drill 2 small holes lined up with the screw holes in the handy box screw in place use caulk or duct tape to cover the gap between the flat handy box edge and the curved mold when stone is cured remove screws holding handy boxes to mold so the boxes come out with the stone later pry boxes out of stone mold your stone with extra 10 lb plates inside strongman training is dangerous we do not accept any responsibility for the use or misuse of this equipment use it at your own risk screw the rod into the coupling just 3 4 so there is room for the 3 4 x 1 1 2 bolt tighten standard nut against coupling drill 3 4 hole bottom center of mold fasten rod to mold with 3 4 x 1 1 2 bolt make sure the rod stays centered as you fill the mold with concrete make your own husafell stone mold 28 inches wide 30 inches tall 275 pounds with 5 lbs of rebar when poured the full 6 inches deep 230 lbs at 5 inches 195 lbs at 4 inches liner is 6 inch vinyl base corners are rounded and bottom edge is beveled top edge of the poured concrete should be finished with the edging tool right click this image and print to 8 1 2 x 11 paper bill crawford carries the real husafell stone 418 pounds click for video it is not a narrow stone that you can lock your hands on and it is not a tall stone that is carried in front of your face a carry stone designed to mimic the husafell stone should not look like a concrete shield right click this image and print to 8 1 2 x 11 paper this is the easiest way to make your own husafell stone form have a sheet metal shop shear a piece of 20 guage 8 x 7 5 and cut the 2x8 pieces as show drill some holes to fasten the sheet netal to the 2x8 sides and the beveled bottom piece the top of the form can be pushed down to make it wider i stapled this old beach mat to the 2x8 to hold the shape and give some texture to the bottom the finished stone shows the top of the pour that was left unfinished use quickrete 5000 concrete mix rated at 5000 psi and a higher early strength it takes 3 full bags to pour this mold to the 6 inch top try to have all 3 bags mixed and ready in 2 wheelbarrows or be ready to mix them up really fast one after the other then stir each pour into the previous one in the mold with a 2x4 screed any excess off the top and tap the side of the mold all around with a hammer wait 24 hours take out the screws so the mold can be moved away from the stone gently knock off any rough edges from the edging tool let it cure for about 2 days then use an old wood file to bevel the edges to seal the stone wash it down with water then apply sveral coats of water based polyurethane matte finish is best you can buy a completed stone at our columbus oh store 614 266 4047 make your own strongman log 10 00 2 6 clevis hanger 3 00 3 4 x 15 threaded rod 4 00 2 3 4 coupling nut 1 20 2 3 4 nuts 4 00 2 3 4 x 1 1 2 tap bolt 2 00 2 3 4 x 7 1 4 pipe handle 10 00 18 inch dbl wall drain pipe 36 20 screw the rod into the coupling nuts just 3 4 so there is room for the 3 4 x 1 1 2 bolt tighten standard nut against coupling cut a plywood square as wide as thepipe diameter drill 3 4 hole bottom center of plywood and fasten rod with 3 4 x 1 1 2 bolt make sure the rod stays centered as you fill the mold with concrete atlas stone handle remove bolt and add weight plates under handle with a longer 3 4 bolt or remove handle for stone lift cast stone with up to 4 extra 10 lb plates make your own atlas stone handle 5 00 6 clevis hanger 2 50 3 4 x 12 threaded rod 2 00 3 4 coupling nut 60 3 3 4 nuts 40 2 3 4 washers 2 00 3 4 x 1 1 2 tap bolt 1 00 3 4 x 7 1 4 pipe handle 13 50 link to all strongman equipment </s>

<s>[INST] efishery logo [/INST] indonesian aquaculture startup efishery in talks with northstar go ventures for new funding photo by gregor moser on unsplash by ardi wirdana january 29 2020 premium indonesia based agritech startup efishery is in talks with private equity firm northstar and go ventures the venture capital arm of ride hailing giant gojek to raise fresh funding according to multiple sources familiar with the development continue reading this story with a subscription to dealstreetasia subscribe already a subscriber log in contact us for corporate subscriptions at subs dealstreetasia com efishery go ventures northstar group bring stories like this into your inbox every day sign up for our newsletter the daily brief related stories venture capital go ventures leads 7 5m funding in indian social commerce startup mall91 other investors included its existing backers vc firms beenext kalaari capital and angellist india venture capital east ventures smdv invest in indonesian fishery platform aruna aruna is understood to have secured funding in the sub 5 million range about us team advertise contact careers blog privacy policy terms conditions copyright dealstreetasia 2014 2020 all rights reserved login we will never share your information with third parties if you dont already have an account click the button below to create your account sign up here or sign in with facebook sign in with twitter sign in with google sign in with linkedin join deal street asia s premium subscription service unlock your competitive advantage in a rapidly evolving landscape our packages come with exclusive access to archive content data discount on summit tickets more be a part of our growing community now subscribe now singapore reporter s in singapore we are looking to double our reporting team by this year end to comprehensively cover the fast moving world of funded startups and vc pe m a deals we want reporters who can tell our readers what is really happening in these sectors and why it matters to markets companies and consumers the ability to write precisely and urgently is crucial for these roles ideal candidates must have to ability to work in a collaborative dynamic and fast changing environment we want our new hires to be digitally savvy and ready to experiment with new forms of storytelling most importantly we are looking for hard hitting reporters who work well in a team collaboration and collegiality are a must following vacancies can be applied for only in singapore following vacancies can be applied for only in singapore a reporter to track companies startups that have raised private capital and have the potential to become unicorns sea currently has over 40 companies with a valuation of over 100 million and under 1 billion a reporter who can get behind the scenes and reveal how funding rounds are put together or why theyve failed to materialise she he in this role will largely focus on long format stories a journalist to track special situations funds distressed debt and private credit from the pe angle across asia apply now singapore reporter s in singapore we are looking to double our reporting team by this year end to comprehensively cover the fast moving world of funded startups and vc pe m a deals we want reporters who can tell our readers what is really happening in these sectors and why it matters to markets companies and consumers the ability to write precisely and urgently is crucial for these roles ideal candidates must have to ability to work in a collaborative dynamic and fast changing environment we want our new hires to be digitally savvy and ready to experiment with new forms of storytelling most importantly we are looking for hard hitting reporters who work well in a team collaboration and collegiality are a must following vacancies can be applied for only in singapore following vacancies can be applied for only in singapore a reporter to track companies startups that have raised private capital and have the potential to become unicorns sea currently has over 40 companies with a valuation of over 100 million and under 1 billion a reporter who can get behind the scenes and reveal how funding rounds are put together or why theyve failed to materialise she he in this role will largely focus on long format stories a journalist to track special situations funds distressed debt and private credit from the pe angle across asia apply now </s>

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<s>[INST] fishing company menu [/INST] south maui fish company sustainably caught fish poke always made with localy sustainably caught ahi tuna only made with the top loin sashimi grade try our traditional or spicy in a bowl or by the pound we provide fresh daily caught fish fillets for you to take home along with an asortment of oils sauces and seasonings and advice on the best way to prepare it our menu opening in december of 2016 south maui fish company has become synonymous with outstanding fresh fish and the freshest poke on island owner operated and service with aloha trying to keep smiply prepared fish dishes for you to enjoy using the freshest ingredients serving everything made to order to ensure its deliciousness to your table this little red food truck won t disapoint we gaurantee it changes daily as to what is caught but most days poke tacos grilled fish plates ceviche curry fish plate most served with our pineapple coconut milk coleslaw and rice now catering events and private dinners fillets for home facebook is a great way to see whats on the menu today 22 alahele place kihei hi 96753 808 419 8980 behind uniun 76 station on s kihei rd </s>

<s>[INST] kevin's hunting equipment [/INST] kevin paul kelsey monday november 7th 1966 tuesday december 31st 2019 recommend this to your friends share via sign in to the family interactive login the family interactive feature enhances an amazing life authorized family members can securely access their loved one s memorial website settings at any time share book of memories with a friend please enter the name and email details so that we can send your friend a link to the online tribute no names or addresses will be collected by using this service email sent your email has been sent share with another friend to share your memory on the wall of kevin kelsey sign in using one of the following options sign in with facebook or your condolence has been posted successfully provide comfort for the family of kevin kelsey with a meaningful gesture of sympathy send beautiful flowers learn the benefits of ordering with us no thanks contact funeral home please enter your question comment below email sent your email has been sent funeral details memory wall photos videos send flowers guaranteed hand delivery by a local florist obituary print kelsey kevin paul age 53 of remus passed away tuesday december 31 2019 at his home funeral services for kevin will take place at clark family funeral chapel on tuesday january 7 2020 at 11 a m with pastor gene haymaker officia read more kelsey kevin paul age 53 of remus passed away tuesday december 31 2019 at his home funeral services for kevin will take place at clark family funeral chapel on tuesday january 7 2020 at 11 a m with pastor gene haymaker officiating a luncheon will immediately follow at maranatha baptist church the family will receive friends on monday january 6 from 4 8 p m and on tuesday beginning at 10 a m until the time of the service interment will take place on wednesday january 8 2020 at 11 a m at taylor cemetery in winn memorial contributions may be made to the charity of the donors choice kevin was born november 7 1966 in mt pleasant the son of frederick and alberta palmer kelsey he graduated from mt pleasant high school with the class of 1985 kevin worked for hubscher son in mt pleasant for the past 32 years he loved fishing hunting and his dog missy kevin is survived by his mother alberta kelsey brothers darin janet kelsey of escanaba eric merrily kelsey of weidman brian sarah kelsey of blanchard sister marylue kelsey of mt pleasant adopted brother jim bev and many nieces and nephews kevin was preceded in death by his father frederick and two nephews read less to send flowers in memory of kevin paul kelsey please visit our heartfelt sympathies store service details print visitation monday january 6th 2020 4 00pm 8 00pm when monday january 6th 2020 4 00pm 8 00pm location clark family funeral chapel address 114 south bradley street mount pleasant mi 48858 get directions view map text email send flowers text directions send directions to the event directly to your phone email directions get directions to the event directly to your inbox email address send email second visitation tuesday january 7th 2020 10 00am 11 00am when tuesday january 7th 2020 10 00am 11 00am location clark family funeral chapel address 114 south bradley street mount pleasant mi 48858 get directions view map text email send flowers text directions send directions to the event directly to your phone email directions get directions to the event directly to your inbox email address send email service tuesday january 7th 2020 11 00am when tuesday january 7th 2020 11 00am location clark family funeral chapel address 114 south bradley street mount pleasant mi 48858 get directions view map text email officiant pastor gene haymaker send flowers text directions send directions to the event directly to your phone email directions get directions to the event directly to your inbox email address send email interment location taylor cemetery address blanchard mi 49310 get directions view map text email text directions send directions to the event directly to your phone email directions get directions to the event directly to your inbox email address send email reception location maranatha baptist church address 1526 airway drive mount pleasant mi 48858 get directions view map text email text directions send directions to the event directly to your phone email directions get directions to the event directly to your inbox email address send email directions sent provide comfort for the family by sending flowers show you care by sending flowers condolences we encourage you to share your most beloved memories of kevin here so that the family and other loved ones can always see it you can upload cherished photographs or share your favorite stories and can even comment on those shared by others bob allison ais construction equipment co and tim and tammy brookens have sent flowers to the family of kevin paul kelsey show you care by sending flowers guaranteed hand delivery by a local florist md mandi darling posted jan 07 2020 at 06 02pm i am so sorry for your loss he was a great friend to my mom jenny he will be dearly missed comment share share via bc bob allison ais construction equipment co posted jan 05 2020 at 07 46am our thoughts and prayers are with you bob allison ais construction equipment co purchased flowers for the family of kevin kelsey send flowers comment share share via tb tim and tammy brookens posted jan 04 2020 at 04 37am condolences to the kelsey family you are in our thoughts and prayers tim and tammy brookens purchased the tender tribute for the family of kevin kelsey send flowers comment share share via hs heartfelt sympathies store posted jan 02 2020 at 07 56am our deepest sympathies for your loss blooming garden basket was purchased for the family of kevin kelsey send flowers comment share share via loading first page previous page you are on 1 of 1 next page last page photos videos photo album 2 4 add photos please note the reproduction of any copyrighted images is forbidden without express written permission from the copyright holder we reserve the right to delete without warning or notice any image in violation of any copyright laws family login subscribe to updates subscribe to updates by email connect with families at their time of loss by subscribing to email updates you will receive two daily updates containing all new stories photos condolences and more you will also receive a one time email one week prior to the anniversary of death the email will only serve as a reminder should you choose to connect with the family at what will no doubt be a difficult time please select your relationship to the deceased and add your email address before submitting the following fields are required relationship please select one spouse father mother son daughter sibling extended family friend email address subscribe to updates you have successfully been subscribed to email updates you should begin receiving updates within 12 hours there will be instructions in the e mail should you wish to unsubscribe change your e mail address or otherwise configure your experience in the event that there is an error in the information presented please contact the funeral home by clicking here </s>

<s>[INST] buy salted herring uk [/INST] lisner matjas herring fillets 400g 4 5 3 write a review click here to open zoom in to image product description salted herring skinless fillets in rapeseed oil product gluten free pack size 400g information ingredients 75 herring fillets clupea harengus herring salt glucose acidity regulators citric acid sodium citrates preservative benzoic acid rapeseed oil caught in the north east atlantic fao 27 in north sea 1 norwegian sea 2 skagerrak and kattegat 8 waters of iceland 19 by midwater otter trawls a purse seines b allergy information product may contain crustaceans soya and celery storage store at temperature from 2c to 7c after opening product intended for direct consumption correctly marking of a catch subarea and a category of the fishing gear look at the text behind the use by date use by the date one the bottom of the packaging name and address lisner pozna sp z o o sp k ul strzeszyska 38 42 60 479 pozna return to lisner pozna sp z o o sp k ul strzeszyska 38 42 60 479 pozna net contents 400g nutrition typical values per 100 g drained weight energy 672 kj 161 kcal fat 11 0 g of which saturates 1 7 g carbohydrate 0 1 g of which sugars 0 0 g protein 15 5 g salt 6 4 g omega 3 fatty acids 2 78 g fatty acids epa and dha 2 03 g view all polish food using product information while every care has been taken to ensure product information is correct food products are constantly being reformulated so ingredients nutrition content dietary and allergens may change you should always read the product label and not rely solely on the information provided on the website if you have any queries or you d like advice on any tesco brand products please contact tesco customer services or the product manufacturer if not a tesco brand product although product information is regularly updated tesco is unable to accept liability for any incorrect information this does not affect your statutory rights this information is supplied for personal use only and may not be reproduced in any way without the prior consent of tesco stores limited nor without due acknowledgement tesco copyright 2020 3 reviews average of 4 7 stars help other customers like you write a review authentic and excellent 5 stars a tesco customer 19th january 2020 as good as it gets authentic wash some salt out or use as it comes excellent some of the salt needs to be washed out 4 stars a tesco customer 17th december 2019 a bit on the salty side otherwise pretty good superb quality and price 5 stars a tesco customer 14th october 2019 superb quality and price usually bought next mlekovita kefir yogurt style drink 1 litre redmere farms beetroot 300g aldi price match aldi price match tesco rollmop herrings 260g tesco organic raw beetroot 450g save 36p was 1 80 now 1 44 offer valid for delivery from 17 03 2020 until 30 03 2020 save 36p was 1 80 now 1 44 offer valid for delivery from 17 03 2020 until 30 03 2020 offer basket review your basket checkout products you add to your basket will appear here close navigation sign in register groceries shop all groceries favourites book a slot my orders easter special offers my account delivery saver download the app more from tesco clubcard account recipes store locator tesco direct f f clothing about this site feedback help help with the groceries website contact us close </s>

<s>[INST] quarrying business definition [/INST] primary navigation facility locator products product tools product calculator safety data sheets readytrac product types aggregates ready mixed concrete asphalt cement cement treated materials magnesia chemicals and lime investors corporate governance reports filings events presentations press releases stock performance shareholder information financials sustainability safe operations community well being employee well being environmental stewardship about us company news company history code of ethical business conduct mission vision values operating divisions careers contact us erocks haulers suppliers upcoming events martin marietta copyright 2020 terms it s notjust what we make it s what we make possible an american based company and a leading supplier of building materials martin marietta teams supply the resources necessary for building the solid foundations on which our communities thrive let us play a role in your next project locate a facility need help calculating a materials estimate go to product calculator focus on safety beyond compliance a martin marietta safety audit team is moving across the company providing operations with safetyguidance and practicesthat not only meet but exceed the standards set by mshaand osha learn more in the news feb 11 martin marietta reports fourth quarter and full year 2019 results company achieved full year record revenues profits and adjusted ebitda featured community involvement fly high free bird it was a small amount of material but garwoodsand gravel s donation to friends of texas wildlife went a long way for the state s injured birds our people make us possible learn more about us processing request </s>

<s>[INST] buy atlantic herring [/INST] atlantic herring fish characteristics information the atlantic herring fish is one of the most abundant fish species in the world it is known by many other names in different parts of the world its other names include yawling whitebait summer herring sugar cured fish spring herring split split cure herring sea herring sea stick shore herring sild silver cured herring soused herring sea atlantic herring red herring protestant pickling pickled herring pearl essence oriental cure norwegian sloe norwegian silver herring norwegian milker norwegian herring norwegian cured herring milker herring murman herring mustard herring newcastle kipper hern mesh herring herning melker herring herron kipper mediterranean cure mattie matje cured herring labrador herring klondyked herring golden cure atlantic herring fall herring cut spiced herring cleanplate herring bloater bismark herring bank herring and many more the atlantic herring fish can be found on both sides of the atlantic ocean congregating in large schools the atlantic herring fishery has long been an important part of the economy of new england and the canadian maritime provinces this is because the fish congregate relatively near to the coasts in massive schools especially in the cold waters of the semi enclosed gulf of maine and gulf of st lawrence schools of these fish have been measured up to 4 cubic kilometers and containing an estimated of 4 billion fish however read some more information about this fish species below atlantic herring fish characteristics the atlantic herring fish have a fusiform body they have gill rakers in their mouths to filter incoming water trapping any phytoplankton and zooplankton these fish are generally fragile they have large and delicate gill surfaces and contact with foreign matter can strip away their large scales their coloration is blue to greenish blue dorsally becoming silvery ventrally and there are no distinctive dark spots on their belly or fins body of the atlantic herring fish is elongate and fairly slender their belly is rather rounded scutes without prominent keel the mature fish can grow up to 45 cm in total body length and the mature fish can reach up to 1 1 kg of live body weight photo and info from wikipedia diet the atlantic herring fish are feed on copepods krill and small fish breeding the atlantic herring fish generally reach maturity when they are of 3 to 4 years of age they generally spawn in summer in estuaries coastal waters of in offshore banks the females lay eggs and the males release masses of milt simultaneously so they mix freely in the sea the females generally lay between 20 000 and 40 000 eggs per spawning uses the atlantic herring fish is used mainly for food it is generally marketed fresh frozen and smoked it is also used for bait special notes the atlantic herring fish is one of the most abundant species of fish throughout the world it is economically a very important fish species the main fisheries of this fish is located at canada and canadas atlantic herring fishery is commercially very important they can be found on both sides of the ocean and they range across north atlantic waters such as the gulf of maine the gulf of st lawrence the bay of fundy the labrador sea the davis straits the denmark straits the norwegian sea the beaufort sea the english channel the north sea the irish sea the bay of biscay sea of hebrides and the celtic sea they are also found in the northern waters surrounding the arctic the atlantic herring fish are long lived with an average lifespan of between 12 and 16 years they are pelagic and love to stay in the coastal areas down to 200 m depth however review full breed profile of the atlantic herring fish in the table below atlantic herring fish breed profile name atlantic herring kingdom animalia phylum chordata class actinopterygii order clupeiformes family clupeidae genus clupea species c harengus binomial name clupea harengus other names also known as yawling whitebait summer herring sugar cured fish spring herring split split cure herring sea herring sea stick shore herring sild silver cured herring soused herring sea atlantic herring red herring protestant pickling pickled herring pearl essence oriental cure norwegian sloe norwegian silver herring norwegian milker norwegian herring norwegian cured herring milker herring murman herring mustard herring newcastle kipper hern mesh herring herning melker herring herron kipper mediterranean cure mattie matje cured herring labrador herring klondyked herring golden cure atlantic herring fall herring cut spiced herring cleanplate herring bloater bismark herring bank herring and many more breed purpose food and bait special notes one of the most abundant species of fish on earth economically very important fish species long lived fish with an average of 12 16 years of lifespan pelagic love to stay in the coastal areas used mainly for food but also used for bait weight around 1 1 kg breeding method natural climate tolerance almost all climates body color blue to greenish blue dorsally becoming silvery ventrally and there are no distinctive dark spots on their belly or fins rarity common availability worldwide pin it tweet related posts fish pink salmon fish characteristics information fish monosex tilapia farming fish iridescent shark fish characteristics information fish shrimp farming fish carp fish farming fish asian swamp eel characteristics information fish japanese horse mackerel fish characteristics leave a comment cancel reply this site uses akismet to reduce spam learn how your comment data is processed recent posts cachena cattle farming information busa cattle farming business guide burlina cattle farming business guide brown swiss cattle farming brava cattle farming business guide braunvieh cattle farming brangus cattle farming popular posts poultry equipment list of turkey breeds how to identify chickens poultry farming for beginners 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georgia mark r google review the staff i work with is great and i m sure the rest of them are too always professional always prompt thanks valli barbara mike gina g google review if this could be 10 stars that is the rating i would give this review steve bravo was awesome i never enjoy doing these types of errands or purchases without my husband with me walking in can be very overwhelming steve was awesome and made me feel not like an idiot lol we chatted about our kids and he was super charismatic because of my visit today i will be a return customer for ever nina luther google review good place to do business large selection competitive prices for quality products nathan molnoskey google review i love this place they always take my money but i m happy to give it to them you will be hard pressed to find a better selection at their prices stephen c google review latest news march 23 2020 mason s mill masons mill lumber co covid 19 statement to our valued customers masons mill lumber remains open for business we are february 25 2020 mason s mill the beauty and sustainable nature of hardwoods at masons mill and lumber we are not only dedicated to providing the highest february 12 2019 mason s mill masons mill ibs 2019 visit our vendors booths this year at ibs masons mill lumber co is give us a call or drop by anytime we are always happy to help or answer any questions contact custom mill lumber yard give us a call or drop by anytime we strive to answer all questions within 24 hours on business days instagram stop by our vendors booth foreverbarnwood thi new blog post mason s mill ibs las vegas new load more follow on instagram this error message is only visible to wordpress admins error the account for masonsmill needs to be reconnected due to recent instagram platform changes this instagram account needs to be reconnected in order to continue updating reconnect on plugin settings page masons mill lumber co 9885 tanner rd houston tx 77041 713 462 6975 info 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<s>[INST] fishing company hiring [/INST] employment opportunities management positions good management is one of the keys to our success we are always looking for top quality candidates to become members of our team when you become a fish market manager you will be exposed to the many aspects and daily challenges a successful management team faces a fish market manager ensures the superior dining experience each of our guests can expect to receive when they choose our restaurant other responsibilities of a manager include daily shift responsibilities all aspects of departmental management including hiring training scheduling and supervising employees managers are responsible for all aspects of food quality and sanitation on an ongoing basis fish market managers also contribute to the many financial aspects of running a financially solid and successful business management training program as a manager in training you will receive approximately 12 weeks of in depth training in all aspects of management at the fish market during the first part of your training you will have the opportunity to get a feel for each of our hourly positions and your role in managing them your training will also include extensive education in seafood and all of the products we offer you will become a seafood specialist you will also be exposed to the many other parts of a managers job at the fish market management benefits the fish market is pleased to offer its managers a comprehensive management benefits package medical and dental health insurance coverage term life insurance and disability coverage begin on your first day with the company additional benefits you may look forward to include such things as performance based incentive program paid vacation 401 k plan off duty comps and discounts health club reimbursement industry educational program direct payroll deposit management openings hourly positions thank you for your interest in applying for an hourly position at the fish market applications are received by each restaurant directly however you may download and print a copy from the links below online application </s>

<s>[INST] underground coal mining equipment for sale australia [/INST] coal in south africa from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search south africa coal production red and exports black south africa produces in excess of 255 million tonnes of coal 2011 estimate and consumes almost three quarters of that domestically around 77 of south africa s energy needs are directly derived from coal and 92 of coal consumed on the african continent is produced in south africa the use of coal in south africa dates back to the iron age 3001880 ad when charcoal was used to melt iron and copper but large scale exploitation of coal did not occur until the mid 19th century contents 1 geology 2 economic impact 3 mining 4 coal consumption 4 1 electricity generation 4 2 liquid fuel 4 3 household use 5 environmental impact 6 see also 7 references 7 1 citations 7 2 bibliography geology the surface exposure of the rocks belonging to the karoo supergroup south africa s coal occurs in the ecca group coloured mustard yellow these rocks were deposited in a vast inland lake or sea when africa was part of gondwana it was only along the northern and north eastern shores of this body of water where marshes formed peat and eventually turned into coal south african reserves by coalfields highveld 31 witbank 30 ermelo 13 8 waterberg 11 vrg sasolburg 6 south rand 2 utrecht 2 klipriver 1 9 soutpansberg 1 other 1 3 the largest coal deposits in south africa are to be found in the ecca deposits a stratum of the karoo supergroup dating from the permian period between 280 and 250 ma the ecca group is extensive covering around two thirds of south africa much of it covered by slightly younger rocks see diagram on the left only the northern and north eastern portion of these ecca deposits is coal bearing but it nevertheless contains more than a third of all coal reserves in the southern hemisphere notable coalfields are waterberg coalfield highveld coalfield witbank coalfield ermelo coalfield utrecht coalfield klip river coalfield economic impact see also economy of south africa south africa is one of the seven largest coal producing and one of the top five coal exporting countries in the world more than a quarter of coal mined in south africa is exported most of which leaves the country via richards bay coal is south africa s third largest source of foreign exchange platinum being the largest and gold second 10 around 15 of the country s gdp 2000 estimate is spent on energy 10 and 77 of that is derived from coal in 2004 the coal and lignite mining industry generated a gross income of r 39 billion and directly employed 50 000 people 11 the witbank coalfield accounts for 40 of south africa s coal production 12 mining the five largest coal mining companies account for around 85 of all production they are anglo american plc south32 s south africa energy coal 13 sasol mining glencore xstrata and exxaro open pit mining account for roughly half of south african coal mining operations the other half being sub surface coal consumption electricity generation see also list of power stations in south africa coal fired electricity generation accounts for 43 of all coal consumed in south africa 1997 estimate 10 many of the country s coal fired power station are located in close proximity to a coal mine and are supplied with fuel directly from the mine the grootegeluk open cast mine on the waterberg coalfield in limpopo is one of the largest in the country and feeds the matimba power station 14 with about 14 6 million tons of coal a year 15 via a conveyor system 16 the mine is also contracted to supply the new medupi power station 15 liquid fuel see also coal liquefaction and sasol around 35 of liquid fuel used in south africa is derived from coal mined by sasol mining at the secunda ctl plants 17 18 household use in 1995 around a million lower income households in south africa depended on coal as their primary energy source for cooking lighting and heating 19 this number has been decreasing steadily during the first decade of the 21st century due to the expansion of electricity supply to lower income households and rural regions 20 environmental impact see also environmental effects of coal environmentalists in south africa and abroad have criticized the decision of the world bank s approval for a 3 75 billion loan to build the worlds fourth largest coal fired power in south africa the plant will increase the demand for coal mining and production protesters are urging the bank to stop supporting the development of coal plants and other large emitters of greenhouse gas and polluting operations from coal mining 21 usage of coal and liquid fuel derived from coal accounts for around 86 of the 113 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions south africa produces annually 2006 estimate 22 and represents around 40 of africa s total coal derived co 2 emissions 23 the largest contributor to coal derived air pollution is household coal usage 65 followed by industry 30 and electricity generation 5 24 some coal mines have been abandoned by their owners mainly due to companies ceasing to exist many of these mines such as the transvaal and delagoa bay collieries t db outside witbank have not been rehabilitated prior to being abandoned and are a major source of water and air pollution it is estimated that clean up and rehabilitation of the t db collieries will cost around r100 million 25 coal seam fires were common but controlled at t db collieries during the mine s operation but the fires have been left to burn out of control since the mine was closed in 1953 to the extent that in 1995 flames could be seen above ground 26 see also coal mining list of coalfields </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood carving tools [/INST] 7 best wood carving tools of 2020 knifes chisels mallet more wood carving is a very fulfilling and fun profession or hobby as it allows you to create some beautiful items from a simple block of timber but to work on your carving projects you need to invest in a good set of wood carving tools a set that comprises of different types of knives and chisels makes a broad range of projects possible the variety of gouges chisels and knives in the market can be overwhelming however with the right information on what to look for and understanding what you need for different projects it should be easy for you to find the right wood carving set beavercraft s14 wood carving tools kit wood carving set wood carving flexcut carving tools deluxe palm knife set with 4 carving knives mikisyo power grip carving tools five piece set basic beavercraft s13 wood carving tools set for spoon carving 3 knives in se professional 12 piece wood carving chisel set 7712wc 12 piece wood carving hand chisel tool set woodworking professional check best price check best price check best price check best price check best price check best price beavercraft s14 wood carving tools kit wood carving set wood carving check best price flexcut carving tools deluxe palm knife set with 4 carving knives check best price mikisyo power grip carving tools five piece set basic check best price beavercraft s13 wood carving tools set for spoon carving 3 knives in check best price se professional 12 piece wood carving chisel set 7712wc check best price 12 piece wood carving hand chisel tool set woodworking professional check best price last update on 2020 04 03 affiliate links images from amazon product advertising api table of contents manual tools for wood carving things to consider when buying wood carving tools 7 best wood carving tools reviews best available beavercraft s14 wood carving tools kit wood carving set honorable mention xacto x5179 wood carving tool set 2 deluxe wood carving palm tools and knife set 3 power grip wood carving tools 4 beavercraft s13 wood carving tools set for spoon carving best cross over tool stanley 16 793 750 series socket chisel 5 se 7712wc professional wood carving set 6 starside 12 piece woodworking professional gouges and wood carving hand chisel set 7 narex 300 gram beech wood mallet conclusion manual tools for wood carving as you are buying your first wood carving tools the best idea is to start with the manual ones as they are affordable and easier to master also if you prefer the good old hands on approach to wood carving these are the tools for you although there are various kinds of these wood carving tools the following are the most common and probably also the handiest 1 chip carving knife the chip carving knife is the tool that most wood carvers will start with as it is widely available and also very versatile in most instances sculptors will use it for either chip carving or whittling chip carving knives come with a blade that is 1 1 2 inches long and a handle that is just the ideal size for the hand high carbon steel ones are the best since they will keep a sharp edge for long 2 u gouges and v gauges u gouges are one of the most valuable tools when it comes to carving they are defined by the width of their cutting edge in millimeters or inches shaft shape the sweep and curvature of the edge you can get them in widths that range between 2 mm and 60 mm and in sweeps that range from 2 to 11 you also get to choose from straight spoon bent and back bent shapes the v gouges are also handy carving tools and they are defined by the angle of the bottom edge vee edge and the space between top edge tips you can get v gouges between 2 mm and 30 mm and in 12 and 13 sweeps 3 carpenters chisels carpenter s chisels feature a flat edge or 1 sweep however these are not ideal for use when sculpting because their edge has a tendency of digging into the wood and also plunges the tool deeper or further on one side than the carver s desire 4 palm tools if you are hunting for a wood carving set to help you with small projects involving soft woods like basswoods you should go for palm tools everything from the carpenter s chisels to chip carving knives comes in small sizes and you can get them as an affordable set that also includes palm gauges 5 mallet mallet is an essential wood carving tool and you will need it for almost all your projects the traditional one features a cylindrical shape and a weighty and dense wood construction however others come with a rubber construction and many carvers prefer them as they are less noisy and gentle on the chisel s handle but they still deliver sufficient force things to consider when buying wood carving tools if you are into carving as a profession or like many others carvers you are a hobbyist it is important to ensure that you always get the best tools regardless of your level of skills or experience tools will always determine the outcome of your carvings our wood carving tool reviews below will help you decide what to buy but it is also vital to keep the following elements in mind when shopping 1 multiple tool set purchasing a set that comes with multiple tools is always the best idea for both beginner and experienced carvers a complete set not only saves you money but it opens up more possibilities of the things that you can create wood carving tool sets ensure that you have the right chisel head for any project 2 construction carbon steel makes the best wood carving tools as it makes it possible for carvers to get a hard material that they can use for any wood type apart from carbon steel you can also go for other high quality metals that you can use for both soft and hard wood 3 sharp heads chisel heads that are already pre sharpened are the best because they mean that you can use the tools immediately some sets will also include a sharpener which makes them even better since you can restore any dull chisels to the right sharpness quickly 4 quality assurance when buying any wood carving tool set it is important to make sure that every piece is checked and inspected to ensure that it is high quality these quality inspections also ensure that there is a strong bond between the head and handle 5 price price is something that you should keep in mind when shopping for any tool wood carving tools might not be the priciest wood tool but you still need to make sure that you go for a set that offers you the best value for your cash but it is also vital for wood carvers to ensure that they do not compromise the tool quality to save a few dollars 7 best wood carving tools reviews best available beavercraft s14 wood carving tools kit wood carving set editor s rating 4 4 5 the beavercraft s14 wood carving tools kit wood carving set is one of the best quality wood carving sets you can find these tools are the kind of tools you can hand down to your kids and they can hand down to their kids when it comes to craftsmanship these tools are the ones you are going to want in your toolbox i have tried a lot of carving tools over the years and these are the ones i keep coming back to time and time again get it on amazon now honorable mention xacto x5179 wood carving tool set editor s rating 4 4 5 the xacto x5179 is a 3 dimensional carving set that consists of 6 tools each of the carving tools includes a forged steel head that can handle almost any type of wood and a durable hardwood handle that makes them comfortable to hold you can use the carving tools to shape wood the groove cut and for deep relief cutting hence making them very handy the design shape and size of these blades make it possible to make precise and detailed cuts and do it consistently also the blades will maintain their sharpness for long and so you will not have to keep resharpening them despite the high quality construction and choice of heavy duty blade material these carving tools are still very lightweight and hence easy to handle and with minimum hand fatigue get it on amazon now 2 deluxe wood carving palm tools and knife set editor srating 4 8 5 flexcut tool creates their deluxe wood carving set by combing palm tools with a knife set and this ensures that both professional and hobbyist carvers get a set for a variety of applications this carving set has a total of 9 pieces which are 5 palm tools to handle your small carving projects and 4 knives for chip carving and various other applications both the knives and palm tools come with different head types to make this an even more versatile carving set for the knives you get 2 for detailing 1 pelican knife and 1 standard cutting knife on the other hand the palm tool set consists of 3 different size gouges 1 v tool and 1 skew this set comes in a beautiful wood tool box and it is the second priciest among our wood carving tool reviews each of the items in this carving set comes with a razor sharp blade and it is ready to use straight from the box get it on amazon now 3 power grip wood carving tools editor srating 4 5 5 the power grip wood carving tools by shinwa feature a unique short blade length design that makes the perfect tool to fill the gap between palm carving tools and the full size ones the blades are 1 1 4 inches and with some lamination for extra durability apart from the blade the handles also have a unique design and the company makes them for holding like a pencil these handles are 4 1 2 inches and with a glossy finish this set consists of 7 carving tools that include a 3 mm 9 and 6 mm 8 gouges 4 5 mm v parting tool 7 5 mm skew and straight chisel and some 9 mm 5 and 3 gouges when you buy this affordable wood carving tool set you also get a free storage box get it on amazon now 4 beavercraft s13 wood carving tools set for spoon carving editor s rating 4 4 5 this is a fun wood carving tool set and if you make spoons this is the only set you should consider it has everything you need the beavercraft s13 wood carving tools set for spoon carving is a very high quality set it even includes a nice carrying case for the tools this set is a joy to work with and something every carver should have get it on amazon now best cross over tool stanley 16 793 750 series socket chisel editor s rating 4 4 5 stanley makes some of the best woodworking tools and their classic 750 series is their most successful set to date the stanley 16 793 is an 8 piece set from this model that features tools with a long and thin blade that is a perfect choice for woodworkers although technically not wood carving wood chiseling is also useful to woodcarvers the blades on these tools are high carbon steel and they sharpen fast with little effort however it will be some time before you need to sharpen them because they maintain their razor sharp edge for long the blades have some tapered bevel sides that are also extra narrow to make it easy to work in tight areas stanley gives these tools a hornbeam handle that is not only comfortable and durable on the hand but also helps in the efficient transfer of energy when you strike it with a mallet this set is the priciest item on our list but it is worth the price get it on amazon now 5 se 7712wc professional wood carving set editor srating 4 5 se 7712wc is a professional wood carving set that consists of 12 chisels in assorted sizes and with different tip designs they have a high carbon steel blade that makes them very durable but also ensures that they maintain a sharp edge for long each of the chisels has a total length of 7 3 4 inches the assorted sizes and tips mean that you can use these tools for everything from detailing wood projects to carving and to make them comfortable to use they come with wooden handles that are soft and comfortable for the hand these chisels also come with tip protectors that help to maintain their sharpness and they are in an organized pvc pouch when you get them the se 7712wc is the cheapest set of wood carving tools on our list which makes it perfect for a beginner and other carvers that are looking for an affordable carving set get it on amazon now 6 starside 12 piece woodworking professional gouges and wood carving hand chisel set editor srating 4 5 starside makes this 12 piece set for both carvers and woodworkers the high number of chisels and gouges means that with this set you can tackle almost any project regardless of the scale starside makes the blades with hardened carbon steel that makes them very durable and helps to maintain their sharpness the handles on these tools are quality polished wood that feels comfortable enough for the hand for extended use each of the carving tools has a total length of 203 mm and the handle is about 93 mm which is a perfect size for your hand these carving tools come in a plastic roll up case that protects and makes them easy to store some of the tools that you get in this set include the 3 straight gouges 1 bent chisel 1 pointed chisel a round nose chisel and a few others this broad variety makes this set ideal for carvers artists carpenters and any other profession that involves shaping or carving wood get it on amazon now 7 narex 300 gram beech wood mallet editor srating 4 8 5 a good mallet is vital for any carving project and this 300 gram one from narex will work well for small and medium size projects that require precision both the head and handle are unfinished european beech and so you can be confident of high performance and outstanding durability the overall length of this mallet is 12 inches and the head has a diameter of 2 1 4 inches and it is 4 3 4 inches long this wood carving mallet is the cheapest tool on our list and the price is also quite reasonable if you compare it with others in the market get it on amazon now conclusion although there are many modern power tools and machinery that can make carving easy nothing beats chisels and knives when it comes to giving projects an authentic and detailed look whether you are just learning the trade or you are a professional you need to have the right wood carving tools for your projects to turn out well with our tool carving tool reviews above and guide you will not have a hard time finding a good set however with these tools the right one for you will always depend on the projects that you want to do and also on your skills and experience last updated on january 25 2020 </s>

<s>[INST] fishing company fined [/INST] u s fishing vessel operator fined 1 6 million related to oily waste dumping by ship bunker news team monday october 31 2016 tweet follow shipandbunker pacific breeze fisheries has been convicted and sentenced for discharging oil in the waters off american samoa the u s department of justice says an u s based tuna fishing company pacific breeze fisheries llc pacific breeze fisheries has been convicted and sentenced to a 1 6 million fine for discharging oily waste into the south pacific waters off american samoa and for maintaining false records in relation to the vessel pacific breeze pacific breeze fisheries admitted that its engineers on at least two occasions in 2014 and 2015 failed to document illegal dumping of oily bilge water into the waters off american samoa the company is also noted to have admitted that between october 2013 and july 2015 senior engineers regularly failed to accurately record the transfer and disposal of oil waste in the vessel s oil record book pacific breeze fisheries admitted that its engineers on at least two occasions failed to document illegal dumping of oily bilge water in addition to the 1 6 million fine the company has also been ordered to pay a community service payment of 400 000 for use by the national marine sanctuary of american samoa further while pacific breeze fisheries does not currently manage any active fishing vessels the company is said to have agreed to implement an extensive environmental compliance plan should it resume operations former chief engineer of the pacific breeze jeon seon han on october 25 is said to have pleaded guilty in the district of hawaii to obstructing the u s coast guard uscg inspection of the vessel in 2015 admitting to have lied to uscg inspectors about the disposal of sludge and to ordering the disassembly of an illegal discharge system prior to inspection han is scheduled to be sentenced in february 2017 ship bunker news team to contact the editor responsible for this story email us at editor shipandbunker com also in the news saudi aramco to hike crude supply to 12 3 million b d in april ceo total saudi production was just 9 69 million b d in february read in full shifting market dynamics prompt brent rethink rising crude export volumes from us paves way for enhanced role for wti benchmark according to price reporting agency argus read in full gazprom neft annual bunker sales grow to 3 million mt 2019 sales up 2 year over year read in full key bunker prices more vlsfo mgo mt mt singapore 266 00 3 00 294 00 11 00 rotterdam 231 00 1 00 295 00 3 00 houston 237 00 7 50 327 00 3 00 fujairah 276 00 6 00 454 00 12 00 global 20 ports average 274 50 9 00 369 50 8 00 global 4 ports average 252 50 4 50 342 50 7 50 global average bunker price 329 50 5 50 476 50 6 00 view bunker prices in 200 ports popular now more mar 30 1 number of ships to be equipped with scrubbers hits 4 000 dnv gl it remains to be seen however if scrubbers will prove to be the compliance option of choice for more ship owners than today firm says mar 26 2 viswalab whitepaper excessive liner wear while using the new vlsfo fuels viswa lab has so far received and tested over 20 000 number of vlsfo fuels out of tested vlsfos there are cases of abnormal cylinder liner wear in 12 cases mar 30 3 promising virus treatment outcomes no match for traders fears as crude prices drop again meanwhile goldman thinks the oil industry will be stronger due to the virus home terms of use privacy policy about contact latest news world news americas news emea news asia pacific news regional bunker prices americas bunker prices emea bunker prices asia pacific bunker prices latest bunker prices la long beach bunker prices houston bunker prices new york bunker prices rio de janeiro bunker prices rotterdam bunker prices fujariah bunker prices singapore bunker prices hong kong bunker prices rss twitter terms of use privacy policy about contact sign in 2020ship bunker </s>

<s>[INST] fishery conservation and management act [/INST] wisconsin department of natural resources 20200325 burnpermits jpg burn permits 20200319 parksopen jpg state parks open 20200319 parkscamping jpg camping reservations 20200318 counterservice jpg counter service 20200318 publicevents jpg public events alert dnr response to covid 19 details on changes to dnr programs and services and links to resources in wisconsin business licenses regulations recreation env protection contact join dnr business resources licenses regulations recreation env protection topics contact join dnr business resources switchboard sector support air permits water permits green tier no fee small business help purchasing property issues to consider business recycling industrial sand mining cafos concentrated animal feeding operations brownfield redevelopment tools more business resources licenses permits and regulations licenses non resident license options resident license options sales locations registration register your recreational vehicle permits season and permit deadlines disabled permits hunting applications permit primer military wisconsin permits water permits regulations air pollution atv utv off road motorcycles boating environmental forestry fishing hunting no fee small business help outdoor activities open burning proposed administrative rules snowmobile trapping water all licenses permits and registrations recreation open the outdoors statewide reserve a campsite parks and trails courses workshops and training atv utv off road motorcycles boat ski trail conditions snowmobile outdoors events calendar trapping trapping wisconsin season dates fishing fishing wisconsin season dates places to fish fishing report hunting hunting wisconsin season dates deer bear turkey small game waterfowl all recreation information environmental protection environmental management air quality cleanup redevelopment managing waste materials recycling composting water resources emergency enforcement enforcement fires floods spills resources invasive species landowner resources nhi portal all environmental protection current topics forest management topics fire health landowners lands and outdoor activities topics activities parks property management environmental protection topics spills air quality cleanup redevelopment managing waste water resources topics drinking water watershed fisheries all topics contact us agency wide about dnr contact us office locations staff directory grants and loans urgent emergency and enforcement hotlines report a violation hazardous spills online services online license center customer service chat feedback open records request join the wisconsin department of natural resources connect with dnr employment we seek employees with a strong customer service philosophy and an attitude of helpfulness career information dnr open recruitment limited term internship warden recruitment volunteer do you have talents and interests you d like to share volunteer information parks trails forests wildlife tracking water monitors you can help prevent the spread of respiratory viruses like coronavirus disease 2019 follow these simple daily precautions quick tasks reserve a campsite online license center covid 19 for media request customer id registration and titling popular links parks and recreation natural resources board conservation congress request a speaker grants and loans deer advisory councils connect with dnr hunting regulations public input meetings news news releases wild wisconsin off the record podcast outdoor report natural resources magazine events year of clean drinking water report pause parks recreation wisconsin offers great outdoor adventures throughout the year go wild enjoy wisconsin s wild side explore outdoors search great places to go and things to do on state lands around the state groundwater report did you know 75 of wisconsinites rely on groundwater read the newest report from the wi groundwater coordinating council support rare species buy this cool license plate that supports work to protect rare wildlife and state natural areas 1 800 tip wdnr or 1 800 847 9367 confidentially report suspected wildlife recreational and environmental violations 1 888 936 7463 general questions seven days a week 7 a m to 10 p m 24 hour spill emergency hotline 1 800 943 0003 topics environmental protection forest management lands and activities water resources all topics learn news about dnr workshops clinics contact hotlines staff directory office locations for media feedback licenses non resident resident sales locations learn more about ways to connect with dnr wisconsin department of natural resources 101 s webster street po box 7921 madison wisconsin 53707 7921 call 1 888 936 7463 tty access via relay 711 from 7 a m 10 p m site requirements accessibility legal privacy employee resources </s>

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appeal why choose wooden front doors wooden front doors are a bold look as they bring a classic elegance to your doorstep these striking doors offer kerb appeal from afar and superb wood grain detail up close durable strong and sturdy wooden doors are hard to break down and theyre hard to break in team up wooden doors with 3 hinges a certified lock and a deadbolt and youve got one of the safest doors on the market external oak front doors oak is a classic softwood thats extremely popular in the manufacture of home furniture and dcor its an easy match for oak floors or kitchen worktops for continuity around the home opting for an oak front door and oak internal doors will provide a flowing style that ties the home together oak is a strong rot resistant material that doesnt need frequent maintenance a wipe down and the occasional wood stain will see your oak front door returned to looking brand new external pine front doors pine is used to manufacture sturdy front doors thanks to its resistance to warping or splitting solid pine front doors and engineered pine front doors both carry a traditional style which can be used in classic properties in keeping with the theme or in modern properties to add a dash of timber pine front doors also boast some acoustic properties dampening the transfer of sound from room to room when the door is shut this could be perfect for homes on busy roads external hardwood front doors using hardwood for a front door is a bold traditional statement no matter the style hardwood gives an iconic and traditional look that makes it a timeless classic if youre trying to instil a certain period style or genuine feel in a property a hardwood front door will help you do this from the outset choosing solid hardwood or a hardwood door with an engineered core wont reflect on the look of the door read more external hardwood doors external oak doors external pine doors products in external wooden doors showing 1 36 of 94 products top sellers sort by price low high sort by price high low sort by name a z sort by name z a filter sort by top sellers sort by price low high sort by price high low sort by name a z sort by name z a xl joinery external oak trieste obscured double glazed m t door 838mm from 286 79 ex vat more buy jeld wen hemlock unglazed 1 light external door pair 1168mm from 168 63 ex vat more jb kind external softwood arched top boarded panel door 915mm from 50 70 ex vat more jeld wen hemlock unglazed 1 panel external door pair 1168mm from 224 75 ex vat more lpd external oak cottage 6 light clear double glazed stable door d g from 259 17 ex vat more 3 product options xl joinery external oak siena pre finished obscure double glazed door 838mm from 432 90 ex vat more buy finance available jb kind external white thames medite tricoya extreme pre finished double glazed door 838mm from 397 72 ex vat more jb kind external white tigris medite tricoya extreme pre finished door 838mm from 313 61 ex vat more jeld wen hemlock 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<s>[INST] fishing company stocks [/INST] home markets stocks industry economy money auto infra sme real estate brandwagon india smart investing asset allocation in times ofcoronavirus published march 23 2020 1 00 59 am stick to asset allocation matrix take regular profits and go for bottom fishing in select stocks mf schemes in these turbulent times due to such sharp falls in the market financial planning goals go for a toss for many by deepak jasani the last few months have seen the stock markets across the globe being impacted by the spreading coronavirus in times of such a pandemic the general tendency of investors is capital preservation and preference for safe havens like gold and government securities related news beware correct upi id of pm cares fund is pmcares sbi check how to contribute with online sbi failed to meet your tax saving target for fy2019 20 5 ways to save tax without investment govt allows over 6 crore subscribers to withdraw epf amid lockdown due to such sharp falls in the market financial planning goals go for a toss for many investors who cannot take such volatility tend to exit the market some discontinue their sips in mutual funds and fail to take benefit of lower prices liquidity becomes tighter and default by many corporates aggravates the situation and navs of debt mutual funds also fall common mistake of investors in such times investors tend to make some mistakes which are better avoided withdrawing funds the general nature of market is to be volatile but they have bounced back from every fall though individual stocks may not do that so do not withdraw your investment due to temporary falls in the market but exit when the market valuations are bubbly or there is a negative development in individual stock trying to catch the bottom nobody knows where the bottom is as the markets tend to be irrational in such a situation impatience patience is one of the most important attributes in stock market investing one needs to give time to good stocks mf scheme nav to grow one needs to stick to the investment horizon and purpose of investment buying more to average in a falling market investors tend to purchase more at discounted rates only to average their costs just because you had purchased the stocks at a higher price before avoid doing so unless you are sure that the original story due to which you bought it at the first stage is still in force falling for confirmation bias investors tend to fall in love with their stocks mf holdings and keep hoping that their prices will bounce back in futures when stocks mf scheme nav go into a tailspin investors start devouring investment news and research reports but they also seek information or signals which support their beliefs and tend to ignore matter that refutes their original thesis asset allocation and review asset allocation is the process of deciding how much money to allocate across different asset categories such as equity debt gold real estate cash etc with the objective to minimise volatility and maximise returns it is the greatest influencing factor in total portfolio performance especially over long periods of time irrespective of political developments or international happenings one must not go overboard on any asset class and stick to their suggested asset allocation different asset class moves in different directions with the exception of hindsight no one knows exactly when an asset class could rise or fall sharply over a period of time therefore it is important to review your asset allocation at regular intervals say quarterly or half yearly to rebalance the portfolio for eg if equity allocation rises due to an increase in stock prices mf scheme nav it should be brought down to its original levels this approach helps to reduce risk in the portfolio whether an investor is fully invested into stocks mf schemes or has a low investment portfolio the decision to add more to equities or exit from equities would depend upon several factors including proximity to retirement tolerance for risk skill and experience with stock analysis and comparision of current portfolio with intended asset allocation sticking to asset allocation matrix taking regular profits and doing bottom fishing in select stocks mutual fund schemes staying away from most media coverage except few dependable ones and building your own stock mutual fund analysis and money management skills will help investors ride out turbulent times like the current one the writer is head retail research hdfc securities get live stock prices from bse and nse and latest nav portfolio of mutual funds calculate your tax by income tax calculator know markets top gainers top losers best equity funds like us on facebook and follow us on twitter home money smart investing asset allocation in times of nbspcoronavirus advertisement stock market most read way to go indian railways prepares isolation coaches patient cabins in trains as covid 19 quarantine facility see pics 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sports lifestyle lifestyle travel tourism health science from the print international edits columns opinion fe 360 politics economy personal finance front page fe insight fe campus brand wagon todays paper epaper photos videos horoscope archive next stories 1 coronavirus insurance looking for a covid 19 cover here are youroptions 2 5 ways to deal with your financial stress during coronaviruspandemic 3 pmay clss scheme get subsidy of rs 2 35 068 or rs 2 30 156 based on your income last datenearing </s>

<s>[INST] buy local herring [/INST] herring sperm dna quality tested and certified free of dnase or rnase activity use as a blocking agent in hybridizations or as carrier dna provided as a ready to use 10mg ml solution teilen gre 10mg 100mg 500mg ausgewhlte katalognummer d1811 54 00 ihr preis anmelden add to cart this product is discontinued add to helix close this product can be added to helix this product is available through the promega helix onsite stocking program we offer numerous convenient solutions to meet your lab s needs learn more about the helix collection already a helix customer request to add this product to your helix add to helix close this product can be added to helix this product is available through the promega helix onsite stocking program we offer numerous convenient solutions to meet your lab s needs learn more about the helix collection already a helix customer request to add this product to your helix add to helix close this product can be added to helix this product is available through the promega helix onsite stocking program we offer numerous convenient solutions to meet your lab s needs learn more about the helix collection already a helix customer request to add this product to your helix herring sperm dna 10mg 54 00 ihr preis anmelden konfiguration ndern bersicht protokolle eigenschaften wissen tools verwandte produkte workflows herring sperm dna is useful as a blocking agent in nucleic acid hybridization experiments storage buffer 10mm tris hcl ph 7 5 10mm nacl 1mm edta note product may be viscous at 4c prior to use ensure product is at room temperature it may be briefly warmed at 37c and mixed thoroughly to ensure homogeneity learn more about our custom options for this product at www promega com custom eigenschaften you are viewing d1811 konfiguration ndern lieferumfang produkt katalognummer gre herring sperm dna d181a 1 10mg sds sprache whlen portugus portugal dansk danmark etina eskrepublika franais belgique hrvatski hrvatska slovenina slovensk republika bahasa melayu malaysia english singapore trke trkiye norsk nynorsk noreg magyar magyarorszg polski polska romn romnia suomi suomi svenska sverige italiano italia nederlands nederland franais france deutsch deutschland deutsch schweiz espaol espaa franais suisse english united states english australia english united kingdom italiano svizzera franais canada english canada sds herunterladen pdf 39 kb deutsch deutschland analysezertifikat see all certificates for d1811 suchen nutzungseinschrnkung for laboratory use outside of the united states this product is intended for research use only unless otherwise stated lagerhinweise storage buffer 10mm tris hcl ph 7 5 10mm nacl 1mm edta store at 20c note product may be viscous at 4c prior to use ensure product is at room temperature it may be briefly warmed at 37c and mixed thoroughly to ensure homogeneity eigenschaften you are viewing d1815 konfiguration ndern lieferumfang produkt katalognummer gre herring sperm dna d181b 1 100mg sds sprache whlen portugus portugal dansk danmark etina eskrepublika franais belgique hrvatski hrvatska slovenina slovensk republika bahasa melayu malaysia english singapore trke trkiye norsk nynorsk noreg magyar magyarorszg polski polska romn romnia suomi suomi svenska sverige italiano italia nederlands nederland franais france deutsch deutschland deutsch schweiz espaol espaa franais suisse english united states english australia english united kingdom italiano svizzera franais canada english canada sds herunterladen pdf 39 kb deutsch deutschland analysezertifikat see all certificates for d1815 suchen nutzungseinschrnkung for laboratory use outside of the united states this product is intended for research use only unless otherwise stated lagerhinweise storage buffer 10mm tris hcl ph 7 5 10mm nacl 1mm edta store at 20c note product may be viscous at 4c prior to use ensure product is at room temperature it may be briefly warmed at 37c and mixed thoroughly to ensure homogeneity eigenschaften you are viewing d1816 konfiguration ndern sds sprache whlen portugus portugal dansk danmark etina eskrepublika franais belgique hrvatski hrvatska slovenina slovensk republika bahasa melayu malaysia english singapore trke trkiye norsk nynorsk noreg magyar magyarorszg polski polska romn romnia suomi suomi svenska sverige italiano italia nederlands nederland franais france deutsch deutschland deutsch schweiz espaol espaa franais suisse english united states english australia english united kingdom italiano svizzera franais canada english canada sds herunterladen pdf 39 kb deutsch deutschland analysezertifikat see all certificates for d1816 suchen nutzungseinschrnkung for laboratory use outside of the united states this product is intended for research use only unless otherwise stated lagerhinweise storage buffer 10mm tris hcl ph 7 5 10mm nacl 1mm edta store at 20c note product may be viscous at 4c prior to use ensure product is at room temperature it may be 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<s>[INST] forestry business gis [/INST] geographic information systems at the virginia department of forestry what is gis a geographic information system gis is a specialized database driven computer information system the database contains observations of spatially distributed features activities or events which can be defined in space as points lines or areas the gis allows users to capture store display manipulate and analyze geographically referenced data foresters and other decision makers can use gis to discover and demonstrate spatial relationships making gis a valuable tool to explore management and policy alternatives gis at the virginia department of forestry vdof gis plays an important role at vdof as an information repository and as a decision support tool vdof also leverages other geographic technologies to complement its gis in the field vdof personnel use geographic positioning system gps units to map measure and navigate to features remote sensing rs uses data such as aerial photography satellite imagery and lidar and is used to inventory and investigate the forest resources in virginia gis gps and rs are used alone or in combination in various vdof applications inforest can be used to map your property foresters can note the acreage of a forested tract and the tree species within it the capability to enter insect damage wildfire hazards and water quality law enforcement information in the field will soon be available through our web based database the integrated forest resource information system ifris wildfire risk analysis urban wildland interface analysis forest resource assessment forest land use mapping and forest inventory and analysis mapping of gypsy moth defoliation and tree mortality state forest property inventory and stand mapping riparian buffer tax credit program management forest sustainability project louisa county wildfire risk assessment vdof has recently updated its wildfire risk assessment to more objectively reflect the potential for wildfire across virginia by building a gis model that assigns relative weights and ranks to input layers vdof has produced a map of wildfire risk that will help the agency perform community firewise outreach better allocate resources and increase response preparedness input layers include slope aspect landcover distance to railroads distance to roads population density and historical fire occurrence for more detailed information about modeling methodology go to the gis data downloads page and read the info file metadata for the wildfire risk assessment urban wildland interface analysis the areas at greatest risk for forest fire are those at the urban wildland interface or where people and forests meet a wildfire mitigation project is currently underway that will update and refine the wildfire risk analysis described above another goal of this project is to improve decision making capabilities for fire suppression and prevention activities by adding to the gis database data are being collected on locations and attributes of wildfire suppression resources woodland home communities and historical fire incidents understanding the spatial relationship of these and other features will help vdof concentrate their prevention education resource allocation and emergency response efforts where fire poses the greatest risk forest resource assessment there are many factors that influence the quantity quality and sustainability of the forest resources in virginia in 1995 vdof augmented its 1992 forest inventory with gis analysis to perform the forest resource assessment this assessment examined the impact of growing rural and suburban populations on the forest resource as a whole and more specifically on the forestlands available to support commercial timber production the assessment showed that forestland is becoming increasingly fragmented by residential and commercial development and that it is difficult to determine which portion of the timber resource is truly available for production at the time of the study only 55 of the 15 4 million acres of forestland was considered to available for timber production forest land use mapping and forest inventory and analysis to act as stewards for the development and sustainability of virginia s forest resources it is critical for vdof to evaluate not just the quantity of forestlands but also their spatial arrangement to this end vdof is using their forest inventory and analysis fia plot data in conjunction with 2000 landsat tm satellite imagery to classify the landscape into forest non forest and water the resulting raster layer will be used in numerous gis analyses including future forest resource assessments forest fire risk modeling water quality management fragmentation analyses forest economics and conservation efforts mapping of gypsy moth defoliation and tree mortality as part of its forest health monitoring efforts vdof has used gis to help quantify and track the spatial patterns of forest disturbance from insect infestations and extreme weather events the primary focus has been on gypsy moth defoliation and tree mortality however damage from cicada leaf scratch cankerworm as well as ice and hail storms have been mapped when appropriate impacted forestlands have been mapped since 1984 using aerial surveys of known problem areas state forest property inventory and stand mapping vdof owns and manages 23 state forests all state forest property boundaries are mapped using gis timber stands have been mapped for attributes such as forest type stand age and management activities for the cumberland appomattox buckingham and prince edward gallion state forests using gis helps vdof efficiently monitor and manage the forests riparian buffer tax credit program management the 2000 virginia general assembly enacted the riparian buffer tax credit to provide a tax credit to those who during a harvest retain forest buffers along waterways the forested riparian buffer must remain intact for 15 years once established and vdof has been mandated to perform annual compliance checks of the buffers to efficiently manage the compliance monitoring vdof is using gis and satellite imagery change detection analysis to minimize unnecessary field visits by using multiple dates of satellite imagery vdof can evaluate whether there has been disturbance of the buffer area and notify the vdof forester in that work area to perform a visual field inspection forest sustainability project louisa county to sustain the quality and quantity of forests to meet the environmental economic and recreational needs of virginians vdof must understand and mitigate the threats to the forest resource forest sustainability was examined in louisa county a jurisdiction greatly influenced by forests and forestry louisa county is also influenced by its location between richmond and charlottesville and the interstate 64 corridor running through it vdof used gis and 1 m resolution digital aerial photography to map forest areas as a basis for the analysis an overlay of tax parcel boundaries showing the property ownership divisions in the county demonstrated that although louisa county may have large contiguous blocks of forested area these blocks are usually owned my numerous people and that the potential for fragmentation is high large 700 acre forest patch same large 700 acre forest patch with ownership overlay related information and resources landscape management system is an evolving application designed to assist in landscape level analysis and planning of forest ecosystems by automating the tasks of stand projection graphical and tabular summarization stand visualization and landscape visualization programs and services marketplace virginia s forests wildfire and forest protection conservation education trees and seedlings forest health forms business center publications about vdof vdof s expenditures transparency in procurement virginia department of forestry 900 natural resources drive charlottesville virginia 22903 tel 434 977 6555 fax 434 296 2369 virginia department of forestry virginia department of forestry programs are open to all people without regard to race sex color national origin religion sexual orientation gender identity age veteran status political affiliation genetics or disability eeo aa contact us web policy valid wai a css xhtml section 508 </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood yarn bowl [/INST] wooden yarn bowl holder rosewood knitting bowl with holes storage crochet yarn holder bowl perfect for mother s day by nagina international 3 5 out of 5 stars 212 ratings 8 answered questions available from these sellers due to increased demand we temporarily have reduced product selection available for delivery to your region we are working to improve selection availability as soon as possible stop yarn from rolling our yarn holder stops your yarn from wandering off no more creeping under the sofa making friends with dust bunnies or gathering small surprises to be forever added to your project unbreakable we only use the best wood you dont have to worry about your kids or pets accidentally knocking your yarn bowl over take with you anywhere this wooden yarn bowl is heavy enough to sit still when youre working and light enough to easily fit into your project bag so you can use it on the go the perfect gift this is an amazing yarn holder for the crocheter or knitter in your life guaranteed to make them smile lifetime guarantee we know that this rosewood wooden yarn bowl is a work of art and the best we stand by it for life simply let us know and we will send you a new one have a question find answers in product info q as reviews your question may be answered by sellers manufacturers or customers who purchased this item who are all part of the amazon community please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question please enter a question product information product dimensions 6 x 6 x 3 inches shipping weight 15 2 ounces item model number sg b01n7hkk34 us asin b01n7hkk34 customer reviews 3 5 out of 5 stars 212 ratings 3 5 out of 5 stars best sellers rank 217 040 in arts crafts sewing see top 100 in arts crafts sewing 284 in yarn storage warranty support product warranty for warranty information about this product please click here feedback if you are a seller for this product would you like to suggest updates through seller support would you like to tell us about a lower price videos page 1 of 1 start over page 1 of 1 previous page videos for related products 3 00 click to play video carry yarn bag amazon seller videos for related products 0 56 click to play video teamoy knitting bag tote for yarn ball crochet hooks knitting needles and accessories amazon seller videos for related products 0 58 click to play video teamoy travel yarn storage tote organizer for yarn unfinished project crochet hooks amazon seller videos for related products 0 37 click to play video pacmaxi yarn storage knitting bag high capacity portable yarn tote storage organizer amazon seller videos for related products 0 47 click to play video becraftee yarn storage bag amazon seller videos for related products 2 26 click to play video yarn bag seller videos videos for related products 1 00 click to play video lifyfun bamboo yarn bowl knitting accessories yarn holder crochet accessories knitting bowl manufacturer video videos for related products 1 01 click to play video fold up yarn bag amazon seller videos for related products 0 51 click to play video pacmaxi yarn storage knitting organizer carrying yarn holder lightweight yarn storage bag amazon seller next page upload your video video videos for related products 3 00 carry yarn bag amazon seller videos for related products 0 56 teamoy knitting bag tote for yarn ball crochet hooks knitting needles and accessories amazon seller videos for related products 0 58 teamoy travel yarn storage tote organizer for yarn unfinished project crochet hooks amazon seller videos for related products 0 37 pacmaxi yarn storage knitting bag high capacity portable yarn tote storage organizer amazon seller videos for related products 0 47 becraftee yarn storage bag amazon seller videos for related products 2 26 yarn bag seller videos videos for related products 1 00 lifyfun bamboo yarn bowl knitting accessories yarn holder crochet accessories knitting bowl manufacturer video videos for related products 1 01 fold up yarn bag amazon seller videos for related products 0 51 pacmaxi yarn storage knitting organizer carrying yarn holder lightweight yarn storage bag amazon seller product description craft mamas handmade wooden yarn bowl no more wandering yarn its the perfect tool that you didnt even know was missing from your life here are 3 more things you should know thing 1 its unbreakable safe from kids safe from pets thing 2 functional lightweight heavy enough to stay in place while working on a project but light enough to fit into your project bag thing 3 the perfect gift for any crocheter or knitter 100 lifetime money back guarantee when you buy from us we stand by our product if this bowl proves to be anything less than amazing simply email us and we will get your money back or a new one asap here s what our customers have to say beautiful bowl i bought this for my daughter who has become quite the knitter this past year before i got her this bowl her yarn would get tangled and roll all over the place this keeps her yarn ball in one place and allows the yarn to spool out smoothly this is so nice i don t mind it sitting around the house it seems to be made of high quality rosewood with a very nice finish i will buy more for her other colors highly recommend scott m i love this yarn bowl my husband bought it for me as a gift and i m so glad he did his homework on this it s beautiful and super high quality it s also the perfect size for crocheting efficiently it s incredibly smooth and handmade which makes me feel like i m making something special when using it rather than the lower quality alternative options out there i m so excited about this purchase and i m recommending it to all of my friends d with a lifetime guarantee you have nothing to lose so scroll up to the top click add to cart and get your yarn bowl to your door in 2 days customer questions answers see questions and answers customer reviews 3 5 out of 5 stars 3 5 out of 5 212 customer ratings 5 star 50 4 star 8 3 star 11 2 star 9 1 star 22 how does amazon calculate star ratings amazon calculates a products star ratings based on a machine learned model instead of a raw data average the model takes into account factors including the age of a rating whether the ratings are from verified purchasers and factors that establish reviewer trustworthiness customer images see all customer images top reviews most recent top reviews there was a problem filtering reviews right now please try again later cari castillo 1 0 out of 5 stars cracked bowl reviewed in the united states on may 15 2017 verified purchase i can t believe a company would send out a product in this condition it has huge cracks on either side of the bowl the cracks are jagged which means they ll probably snag the yarn i put in the bowl grr i m so frustrated i was so looking forward to the bowl advertised but instead i get this piece of garbage i am definitely sending this back read more 23 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse anniejet 2 0 out of 5 stars quality control ladies reviewed in the united states on february 23 2017 verified purchase sadly although this is a beautiful bowl i did not purchase it primarily for esthetics but as equipment a bowl for my yarn right now i m using a metal double boiler top it is lovely however this particular bowl would never be used when knitting the edges of the channel were rough there were two gouges in different spots one on the channel edge and another on one of the holes designed to hold a needle lastly as i looked then ran my little finger along the flat edge of the channel there were sharp elevated rough edges running along the center of the channel obviously the rough work had been done but no smoothing had been attempted anywhere along the business part of this bowl i returned it today based on the reviews i am certain craft mamas create usable knitting bowls but not this time i hate to give a small business a negative review but this was blatantly unusable for beauty i gave this 5 stars for functions it deserved 1 star at best quality control ladies read more 20 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse c w 2 0 out of 5 stars save your money and time reviewed in the united states on september 25 2018 verified purchase very disappointing the clear finish had dried lumps on the bowl the cutout sections were very ruff cut and had jagged edges the inside of the bowl was just rough sanded and then sealed any yarn placed in it surely would have snagged im presently in the process of sanding it and will put a better finish on it this is definitely not a piece of woodwork that is worth the money paid for it read more 6 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse astaiannymph 1 0 out of 5 stars the important bits were rough reviewed in the united states on june 11 2018 verified purchase doesn t match the description awful finishing it looked dull and the parts that needed to be the smoothest were rough and unfinished one might be able to sand it down like some others have suggested but i don t have any tools nor would i want to put the effort into fixing what was supposed to be a final product i feel at best the seller highly misunderstands the point of the carved decorations do yourself the favor and buy something better read more 5 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse jana 2 0 out of 5 stars it s very pretty and sturdy reviewed in the united states on april 18 2017 verified purchase i was excited to have finally bought a bowl for my yarn it s very pretty and sturdy however it is small and did not handle a larger ball of yarn well i should have read the dimensions the reason i returned it is the space for the yarn strands to pull through isn t smooth like the outside of the bowl it was rough and snagged the yarn i am working with read more 11 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse gk 5 0 out of 5 stars a boon for those who knit or crochet reviewed in the united states on august 16 2018 verified purchase i have looked at these yarn bowls for quite awhile but they always seemed too expensive i love wood though so i kept admiring them for their pretty look as well as their function i broke down and bought two of them when i saw them on amazon i love using them knitting with a ball of yarn means you have to contain the ball some how or it rolls around on you i knit while sitting in my chair the bowls contain my balks of yarn so that the yarn is always right where i want it and not rolling around in the floor after it slips off my lap if i had known how much these wonderful bowls help the knitter id have bought some a long time ago not only are they so helpful but they are also pretty so it is doublely fun to use them i do so like lovely wooden things read more 2 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse kristin 1 0 out of 5 stars waste of money reviewed in the united states on january 21 2019 verified purchase the cut out that the yarn goes through was so rough it would have shredded my yarn it didn t look like the picture either seemed like it wasn t a finished product it smelled so strongly of poly and there were zero smooth edges very disappointed read more 4 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse waymond l nichols 4 0 out of 5 stars it s what crocheters need reviewed in the united states on april 29 2017 verified purchase what a great bowl my husband got this for me for mother s day the only downside to this bowl is if your yarn ball is to big it won t roll to release yarn i crochet a lot and it can be difficult when the ball falls and rolls or you cat steals it this bowl though keeps it right where it needs to be this had made it so much easier to complete my projects without tangles and unraveling read more 5 people found this helpful helpful comment report abuse see all reviews from the united states top international reviews translate all reviews to english april harris 4 0 out of 5 stars no holes for knitting needles reviewed in canada on april 21 2019 verified purchase im only giving a four there was no holes for knitting needles to go in like the picture had shown delivery was quick and bowl is nice quality read more one person found this helpful helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse darlene 4 0 out of 5 stars nice looking bowl reviewed in canada on january 17 2020 verified purchase i bought this for a gift as others mentioned the opening where the yarn feeds thru needs a bit of a sanding it was rough and when i ordered i did not pay attention to how long it would take to get here about a month it is a beautiful looking bowl read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse chase levesque 1 0 out of 5 stars i was disappointed reviewed in canada on february 9 2018 verified purchase this was supposed to be an extra large bowl lol it would be too small to eat my cereal in i was disappointed read more 3 people found this helpful helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse chantale 4 0 out of 5 stars muy lindo reviewed in mexico on may 8 2019 verified purchase el bowl es muy lindo aunque creo que podria ser poco mas grande y sobre todo el estambre de lana se atora ya que no esta muy bien pulido por dentro read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse translate review to english maria 1 0 out of 5 stars muy chico no sirve reviewed in mexico on april 30 2019 verified purchase es muy pequeo y la madeja de estambre no tiene espacio para rodar libremente read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse translate review to english load more international reviews jenn 4 0 out of 5 stars nice bowl missing knitting needle holes reviewed in canada on february 12 2019 verified purchase the bowl was better quality than i expected nice dark stain and nice wood the knitting needle holes were missing though kind of strange almost like they sent me a completely different bowl read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse rose thorn 5 0 out of 5 stars great bowl for smaller single yarn balls reviewed in canada on july 23 2019 verified purchase very pretty bowl slightly bigger than a pop can in height or just to the top of water bottle label nice weight smooth edges read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse julieta a 5 0 out of 5 stars portacuencos de madera de palisandro tazn reviewed in mexico on april 10 2019 verified purchase el producto ya lleg gracias read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse translate review to english amazon customer 5 0 out of 5 stars love this yarn bowl reviewed in canada on may 23 2019 verified purchase its beautiful i just love it read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse badtwo42 5 0 out of 5 stars like it thank you reviewed in canada on october 28 2019 verified purchase all good read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse load more international reviews ukaliq 5 0 out of 5 stars as advertised reviewed in canada on march 20 2019 verified purchase the finish is great not light weight so it is sturdy when pulling on yarn read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse client d amazon 5 0 out of 5 stars five stars reviewed in canada on june 21 2018 verified purchase joli read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse translate review to english deb price 5 0 out of 5 stars five stars reviewed in canada on april 21 2018 verified purchase great quality looks just like photo and came a lot sooner then it said read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse amazon customer 5 0 out of 5 stars yarn bowl reviewed in canada on august 14 2018 verified purchase love it read more helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse linden 5 0 out of 5 stars tiny and cute could be a nice gift reviewed in canada on february 23 2019 verified purchase i bought it as a gift for my coworker and she loves it tiny and cute should fit one or two yarns read more one person found this helpful helpful sending feedback thank you for your feedback sorry we failed to record your vote please try again report abuse you ve read the top international reviews see all reviews from the united states there s a problem loading this menu right now learn more about amazon prime get free delivery with amazon prime prime members enjoy free delivery and exclusive access to music movies tv shows original audio series and kindle books get started pages with related products see and discover other items knitting gifts for knitters knitting project bags crochet bowl crochet crafts tool crochet yarns rolling work cart your recently viewed items and featured recommendations view or edit your browsing history after viewing product detail pages look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in back to top get to know us careers blog about amazon investor relations amazon devices amazon tours make money with us sell on 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<s>[INST] forestry business tasmania [/INST] questions around sustainable timber tasmania s bid for forest stewardship certification matt maloney local news the greens have accused the government and sustainable timber tasmania for sitting on an interim report on the timber company s bid for forest stewardship certification the company initiated its pursuit for certification in 2014 when it was known as forestry tasmania previous audit results in 2016 showed the company failed to meet 10 vital criteria for approval these included identification of high value conservation forests protection protocols around the swift parrot and other endangered species and operations around old growth forest harvests auditors visited the state over 10 days in may to meet with the company and stakeholders resources minister guy barnett did not directly respond to questions from the greens in parliament on thursday on whether the government had viewed the interim report on the recent audit or whether the certification had been approved he said the government support the company s efforts to gain certification they have been continuing with that effort for a good deal of time mr barnett said there is a lot of work involved there is a lot of complexity to that greens leader cassy o connor said any failure to achieve fsc certification could be linked to the government s policy to open up informal reserves under the former tasmanian forestry agreement to logging in 2020 she said fsc certification was in high demand across the global timber market in order to access those markets that are demanding sustainably harvested timber they need fsc certification ms o connor said the reason our forestry gbe has not been able to get fsc certification to access those markets is that the auditors have found their logging practices are unsustainable and are impacting on threatened species sustainable timber tasmania has been contacted for comment follow us local business local business local news clover hill bringing cellar door to couch new tenancy code introduced to help businesses survive landlords obligated to pass on rates relief to tenants council coronavirus puts the clamps on tasmania s criminals disability advocate closes group but will still be strong voice good news warning our hard work staying indoors appears to be working sign up to receive our breaking news alerts and editor s daily headlines featuring the best local news and stories privacy policy terms and conditions local news clover hill bringing cellar door to couch new tenancy code introduced to help businesses survive landlords obligated to pass on rates relief to tenants council coronavirus puts the clamps on tasmania s criminals disability advocate closes group but will still be strong voice good news warning our hard work staying indoors appears to be working follow us </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood kitchen cabinets online [/INST] quality all wood kitchen cabinets online or at big box nannajoe 8 years ago hi i ve been doing my kitchen cabinet homework and getting bids for almost 3 weeks the prices are more than i want to spend at this time have any of you found good quality unfinished or finished all wood cabinets online or at one of the big box stores i am thinking we can buy unfinished and stain ourselves or perhaps order them completed on the internet and install them ourselves we can order the countertop locally please feel free to make any suggestions thank you email save comment 37 like comments 37 robbcs3 where have these bids come from your local kitchen cabinet distributor should be able to service this request without problem their pricing should be better than the box stores and they will be more knowledgeable they will also offer more brand name choices unfinished cabinetry doesn t typically save much money if any at all most manufacturers will offer these without a warranty like 1 save 8 years ago live wire oak i understand being on a budget everyone is but cheap and quality just don t go together for cabinets sure you can find questionable chinese manufactured cabinets for less than decent quality american made cabinets but why would you and if you d ever looked at the unfinished cabinets available pretty much any box or discount builders store you wouldn t be asking about their nonexistent falling apart in the store quality if you want low cost decent cabinets look at ikea or american woodmark shenendoah if you want good quality unfinished then conestoga or scherrs would be good choices they will be about as good quality you can find for a low price and good quality needn t involve all plywood construction good quality furniture board cabinets are much better than crappy quality plywood ones like save 8 years ago related discussions all white cabinets or traditional wood kitchen q comments 3 hi alex go for it a cherry craftsman door style is also timeless not every buyer wants a white kitchen also unless you buy good quality painted cabinets the finish may not look as great in five years when you plan on selling as with a stained finish to keep the kitchen looking more contemporary the door should have wider stiles and rails at least 3 wide vs the traditional 2 1 4 add modern hardware and enjoy i am attaching a photo of a kitchen that i did a few years ago and other than the bull nose edge on the counter it still looks very current see more difference in price for mdf and plywood boxes for kitchen cabinets q comments 11 had my father in law come check them out he was never a professional contractor but is pretty handy added on several rooms on their house in hawaii and does lots of wood projects will gc our basement reno he said that the cabinet doors have wood on the outside frames the 4 sides but the big panel is mdf and he remembers the big piece of wood along our 12 ft peninsula as being plywood from looking at the holes made in the cabinet between the dishwasher and sink he can tell that the sink base cabinet is mdf can tell that some are plywood or maple but not sure about others we contractor and i discussed it in detail and he knew i wanted all maple doors and fronts and plywood boxes and he says that is what they are contract says quot cabinet package standard budget priced per layout painted plywood construction final layout and details provided in package provided by cabinet company quot but the only thing from cabinet guy is the layout pictures etc i will go over the details and show him what we see and i ve asked him to bring samples of plywood and mdf i wanted to go with plywood vs mdf mainly because of any possible water damage and the one cabinet we re we re 99 sure is mdf is the sink one and there s not only a couple holes 3 inches or higher in the cabinet but there s one in the bottom of the cabinet to get the electric into the cabinet from the basement my father in law says to get a price reduction but how much and have them paint spraypaint around the openings of the mdf to try to help minimize any damage to the mdf boxes if we ever had any water damage probably would have been fine with mdf in the panels if they d explained it but they didn t and contractor thinks they re all maple but definitely didn t want mdf boxes my thinking was that there s not that much difference in price between mdf and plywood which is why we went with it but it would cost us a lot of money if we needed to replace some or all of the lower cabinets for water damage opinions see more diamond kitchen cabinets quality and finish q comments 1 with cabinetry it is the finish that gets damaged the shinier the product the more likely you are to see dents see more buying kitchen cabinets online q comments 16 here s a pic of a cws home office installed by the cabinet joint not my house cws cabinets are manufactured in pennsylvania amish area their main business is manufacturing door fronts and other parts for many brand name cabinets chances are some of the doors you see at a design center or lowe s are made by them cws has decorative wood range hoods corbels trim and other accessories cabinet joint requires a kitchen design layout if you don t have one they can refer you to one unlike virtually any other online cabinet seller they compare your order with your design if a cabinet is shipped that doesn t match the size on the design that s on them unlike other online cabinet vendors they are also a brick and mortar business they install cabinets within a certain distance of their physical address i often shop local but with cabinets unless you are buying locally produced custom cabinets the cabinets you order from a local design center or big box store are not locally manufactured unless you live in the city where a cabinet factory is located see more angie diy another vote for scherr s live wire oak said they were unfinished but that is ambiguous they are finished in the sense of being lacquered with a very durable catalyzed acrylic finish but they are ready to assemble like ikea they are very easy to assemble you can get either plywood or particle board boxes oh and they are fully custom as far as sizing here is a link that might be useful scherr s rta cabinets like 1 save 8 years ago mamiam my two cents don t know if you re building new or remodeling but either way the last place you want to cut corners is on cabinets it s always wiser to go with 100 solid wood no matter how nice the plywoods and particle boards look b c only solid wood cabinets will still be hanging level and serving you right 15 20 years down the road cabinets are soooo important that i d even go so far to say it s better to put down formica on your countertops leave your floor plywood operate with outdated appliances stick a fan in the window instead of an exhaust system range hood until a later date than to go for anything less than solid wood cabinets i do have one suggestion follow craig s list and other local ads people take out their solid wood cabinets and are looking to get rid of them all the time you might just luck out and find yourself some solid cherry that someone pickled when that was all the rage and now they re onto the next trend my husband has built installed many kitchens over the years and believe me i know this to be true we still laugh about the client who wanted natural cherry cabinets who threw a fit when they arrived because she didn t like the red grains of the cherry apparently she had no concept of what cherry looks like in its natural state probably was just following what all her neighbors were doing then you guessed it she paid my husband to pickle them white lol could have just as easily bought pine and done that anyway be sure to search out check what you know in your area to be wealthier craigslist towns with a little elbow grease and a lot of tenacity and a few prayers you might just be able to get a kitchen that you never thought you could afford best of luck like 1 save 8 years ago clg7067 solid wood cabinets are very rare and i would image expensive 3 4 plywood is strong and stable and will be there long after the cabinets have gone out of style there is also nothing wrong with the furniture grade particle board i also recommend scherrs i have a bunch not an entire kitchen of cabinets from them and was very happy with how easy they were to assemble how sturdy they are and how easy it is to work with leon i had them price out a new kitchen for me a couple of weeks ago so i could finish mine and the prices are very competitive here is a link that might be useful scherr s cabinets like save 8 years ago babs711 jack mason i notice you re relatively new here and have been popping up in several posts with helpful posts i don t know if you read the disclaimer on the instructions page but advertising isn t allowed on the forums i m pretty sure this includes linking websites at the bottom of every post even if you don t direct people to it just in case it s an honest mistake i wanted to let you know so you can remove it and welcome to gw like save 8 years ago brickeyee there is also nothing wrong with the furniture grade particle board until it gets wet like 1 save 8 years ago debrak 2008 my shenandoah cabinets arrive in a few weeks when i priced scherr cabinets they were more expensive then most others i priced but you should check them out i think each part of the country is different get prices from lots of different sources there are lots of good threads here on quality low cost cabinets i checked custom online small independants large independent stores wholesalers craigslist display models several brands from hd and lowes in the end shenandoah with rebate from lowes and free sink base came in the lowest for good quality cabinets again each area is different just take the same plan and go everywhere you can like 1 save 8 years ago suzanne sl nanajoe as far as not all wood cabinets not lasting our plywood cabinets with mdf shelves are 40 years old this year and are in excellent condition they re being replaced only because we need to make better use of space when you get this advice purchasing cabinets online is an excellent option and then see that the poster is the seller of said cabinets take that advice for what it s worth if an actual consumer and contributor to this forum told you they bought these cabinets and were thrilled with the quality etc that might carry some weight good for you for asking i was wondering about the same thing many months ago when we first started realizing we couldn t just re purpose what we had now you have some new directions to check out local kitchen folks ikea scherr s craig s list and i ll add one more costco is offering all wood cabinetry i think that s a brand name that might be a good price we ended up not pursuing the costco angle just because i felt we needed to actually see the product before spending that kind of money had i known that we have real people here who ve been so pleased with scherr s i definitely would have checked them out one more thing on rtas at one point we were at home depot looking at the displays and saw some faceless cabinets which is what we wanted that were horrible where pieces came together they didn t quite meet everything was a little off in all the kind of thing you d buy for a very cheap rental where you expected the cabinets would be trashed in short order hd actually discontinued that line and was using that cabinet for pamphlet storage that s the kind of cabinet you don t want there s a lot to be said for seeing the assembled product before investing a bunch of money be sure to let everyone know eventually what you decide to do and how that works out like 1 save 8 years ago pro rachiele custom sinks i was in the cabinetry business for over 20 years and would highly suggest not finishing your cabinetry yourself even the most inexpensive cabinets have a more durable finish than can be applied in the home being in the business i found the mid priced cabinetry to be the best value i have quite an expensive home and cut no corners building it i did decide to go with a mid priced cabinet though i saw no real value in what was offered as a full custom cabinet you can see my kitchen at the bottom of the linked page below here is a link that might be useful my kitchen like 2 save 8 years ago htracey i m also debating this we have tentitively chosen a cabinet maker but i am meeting with him tomorrow to go review some samples of this work and have a look at the materials he will be using the quote he gave us looked really good but i am worried that the materials are the reason for that the question is though is the uncertainty that comes with buying rta cabinets online do you go with a something you can touch feel first even if you are unsure of the quality for the price or do you take your chances with an online order and risk getting lower quality if even for a better price like 1 save 8 years ago nannajoe wow i am impressed with the input here and thank all of you for sharing i had never heard of scherrs and have looked at their website they sure do offer a variety and its pretty overwhelming at first site a question aren t the shenadoah brand cabinets only available through lowes if so we received a quote from our local lowes but the guy didn t seem to want to help much he came up with a less than impressive design and has never answered my phone calls i ve noticed that some of the cabinet makers are very independent i waited on one all day yesterday and he never showed up and has not called my husband and i are pretty good with do it yourself stuff but this kitchen remodel seems a bit overwhelming right now oh well we got our new appliances on monday and i have purchased the floor tile its time to proceed i guess like save 8 years ago debrak 2008 shenandoah are only sold at lowes its twin american woodmark only at hd slightly different door styles i didn t expect either to design my kitchen so i went in with a pretty set plan if you don t like the kd you got call the manager and insist on the best most experienced it s best to have a set plan when comparing quotes apples to apples watch out for high costs for trim molding hardware our kd at lowes gave us lots of ideas to save money on the molding etc glazing also adds alot of money check out special promotions we got 500 off and 6 months to pay from lowes and a free sink base from shenandoah good luck no i don t work at lowes though my friends think i sleep there lol like 1 save 8 years ago mamiam my apologies for the highjack but i feel compelled to point out plywood from 40 years ago was of a way higher grade and thickness than now just like today s two x fours are not actually 2 inches by 4 inches anymore and yet we still call them 2 x 4s sigh everything just seems to be getting shabbier and chintzier than back in the day even reeses peanut butter cups they used to be huge but now they re the size of half dollar like save 8 years ago athomesewing here s a place where you can easily figure out their prices i believe they are good quality cabinets and all made in usa http www barkercabinets com like 1 save 8 years ago suzanne sl mamian lol remember when a milky way was 5 cents and twice as big as now by the time candy bars hit 15 cents i was old enough to babysit for 50 an hour you re probably right 40 years ago a builder grade plywood was probably better than the same use now on the other hand i ve bought lovely plywoods to use for my furniture making class which are both high quality and expensive as always this is probably a case of buyer beware which would be so much easier if only one had a reliable way to judge the quality of the plywood used to make our cabs like save 8 years ago mamiam lol suzanne we are dating ourselves but ahem i must say you must be wwwaaayyy older than me because i made 75 an hour o but omg doesn t it just make you wanna go stark raving mad sometimes that you just can t get a decent whatever anymore much less something that isn t made in china sigh but back to topic yes it occurred to me later today as i was driving that in i could be somewhat spoiled by the availability of finding good second hand stuff for relatively cheap prices i m in the northeast and have access to a number of affluent locations and there are also a lot of old beautiful old homes out of which sometimes come things that they just don t build em like that anymore therefore i humbly submit that i could be wrong about finds in other places like save 8 years ago angie diy nannajoe one more thing about scherr s if you want to check them out before buying you can you can order a mini cabinet for about 130 i think you can get this in any species or construction plywood vs particle board you want perhaps a minor point but they will credit you that money if you order from them you can also get sample doors in any species or style about 30 door mamiam and nannajoe i assumed that nannajoe meant plywood by the term all wood trying to differentiate from particle board as clg adumbrated essentially no one makes cabinets from solid planks of wood that construction is not dimensionally very stable the swelling and shrinking with humidity would be significant like 1 save 8 years ago oldbat2be i spent over a year getting cabinetry quotes i kept hoping for a magic answer shortcut to the process but as with everything you need to do the work and get the different quotes know your design intimately so you can feel comfortable with your final choice we looked at lowes kraftmaid omega dynasty brookhaven woodmode local kitchen store kraftmaid local custom cabinet maker it takes so much time but we received some great ideas along the way we re working with a large space and dh is very handy and since our kitchen remodel involved new foundation moving interior walls lots of new windows new doors new roof very involved lighting plan and since our available budget is shrinking rapidly cost was a major factor we ended up ordering conestoga rta cabinets from their craftsman line for signifantly less than other quotes you can customize cabinet widths drawer heights fairly easily we ordered numerous door samples and these are gorgeous the finish is amazing one of our highest quotes was from our local woodworking shop they do beautiful work hanging on their walls was a selection of conestoga doors they explained that they are able to make a selection of doors but for anything really fancy they used conestoga doors apparently many companies do you are somewhat limited to colors if you want both the conestoga door and the rta cabinet ours arrive in early september will eventually post pictures good luck like save 8 years ago aries61 i guess it all depends on what you looking for i ve received numerous quotes from many different kitchen places including big box stores and they re all over the board from 4500 to 12000 for very similar cabinets i priced out conestoga cabinets and doors too there price was mid range but there warranty is only one year this question is for oldbat2be what style door wood species and finish did you go with it also what dealer did you get them from like save 8 years ago oldbat2be island will be cherry with cordovan finish distressed level 2 perimeter pantry laundry room and mud room will be frosty white colourtone on hard maple i ordered through cabinetjoint com brian long brian thecabinetjoint com who was very helpful crp 10875 was door style we selected you can find pdfs from different conestoga sellers online date on this pdf is old but you can see relative pricing on doors drawers helpful order samples so you can see for yourself http www cabinetmakerschoice com cabinet 20systems 20catalog 4 0 20wooddoorsdrawers pdf like save 8 years ago live wire oak also i have to ask if you are finding the quotes to be above your budget what is your cabinet budget very often people who haven t renovated in a while experience sticker shock and therefore don t have a good idea of what their budget should be as a general guideline a kitchen reno should be in the 10 20 of your home s value to keep up with the joneses of your neighborhood if you are planning something significantly under or over that budget then it s out of line with your neighborhood s home values and could affect your home s value if resale ever became an issue within that 10 20 price around half of your budget should go towards cabinetry and the labor to install them cabinets are the most difficult to replace item down the road spend good money on them now and go with less expensive countertops and appliances if you have to those are items that are easier to change down the road when you have more funding the suggested numbers will be skewed at both the low end and the high end it s really hard to do anything less than a 15k kitchen in a 50k house as even rental grade components still cost a certain amount it s the same with the upper end homes in areas where the market hasn t crashed too badly when you live in a 1950 s 1400 square foot box close inside the beltway in dc you re not likely to spend 100k on a kitchen even if your home is valued at that 1m most of the value is in the land not the home like save 8 years ago bob cville nannajoe i think most of the people on this site who ended up using scherr s hadn t heard of them before coming here that is certainly true in my case i agree that the choices they offer are somewhat overwhelming at first especially if you look at them like you have to with most other cabinet suppliers ie look at what they offer and select the wood you want and the style they offer using that wood that you like the best and then choose from the colors they offer for that wood and style and perhaps lastly decide whether to go with their base level or their upgraded quality level with scherr s i eventually figured out that the better process is to simply figure out exactly what you want and then ask them for a price and then work from there tweaking your plan based on the many options they offer to adjust the price to fit your budget i have done a fair amount of woodworking over the years and i was very impressed with how well scherr s cabinets are engineered to be both well built and very easy to assemble like save 8 years ago jterrilynn my husband and i used the all wood craftsman rta s from conestoga love it was all a lot of diy work but we are happy bought ours from cabinetmakerschoice com and used chad i have included pictures of what your home will look like for a long while if you go the rta way http i1004 photobucket com albums af170 jterrilynn kitchen 20progress 20pictures partoffinishedkitchen049 jpg target blank target blank target blank http i1004 photobucket com albums af170 jterrilynn kitchen 20progress 20pictures morekitchen003 jpg target blank http i1004 photobucket com albums af170 jterrilynn kitchen 20progress 20pictures p1010154 jpg target blank http i1004 photobucket com albums af170 jterrilynn kitchen 20progress 20pictures p1010144 jpg target blank http i1004 photobucket com albums af170 jterrilynn kitchen 20progress 20pictures p1010152 jpg target blank like save 8 years ago mpagmom sw ohio i m posting the link for consumer reports buying advice for kitchen cabinets i think this can be viewed without a subscription but if you can t link to it let me know and i ll repost the info a different way here is a link that might be useful consumer reports kichen cabinet buying advice like 1 save 8 years ago mpagmom sw ohio also cr last rated cabinets in 2004 and i found a link to the ratings i know things have changed a lot since then but it s very interesting that ikea beat most of the big box cabinets i wish they d rate cabinets again here is a link that might be useful very old consumer reports ratings on cabinets like save 8 years ago ideagirl2 also check your local amish cabinetmaker if there are amish anywhere near you like within 300 miles they are very affordable since they have almost no overhead and of course it s much better quality than the big box stores and also it s totally custom like save 8 years ago greendesigns but gasp you just can t have quality cabinets without reel wood stomps feet and places hands over ears and hums mmmm i can t hear you lol ikea consistently ranks high in quality and value and they use particle board boxes and that 100k snaderio kitchen that is on the cover of every designer magazine uses particle board boxes people are on this forum every day ripping out 40 year old ugly but functional particle board box kitchens almost every designer i know including me chose particle board boxes hangs head in shame my cabinets won t last me 300 years and become fine antiques i m cringing and apologizing to every subsequent generation that will be disappointed in me for using those fake wood cabinets that will still be hanging on their walls in 100 years time instead of 300 years insanity inspired by a previous post from my friend live wire oak on plywood vs particle board like save 8 years ago m2andk2 we installed medallion maple cabinets from menard s in our kitchen 8 years ago when we replaced all the old cabinets and absolutely love them we love them so much that now as we look forward to adding on to our house to double the size of our kitchen we will be ordering more of the same cabinets why fix what s not broken right plus they are very reasonable in price i suppose someone else could install them but we did that ourselves a good guide when looking for quality is to check out the drawers if they re dove tailed then everything is going to hold up well for you no cabinet maker is going to spend the time and money dove tailing the drawers and then go and skimp on other parts of the cabinets also pay attention to the drawer glides that s a purely personal choice of course and will be reflected in the cost self closing full extension etc good luck like 1 save 8 years ago djg1 so i read this about the 10 20 suggestion the suggested numbers will be skewed at both the low end and the high end it s really hard to do anything less than a 15k kitchen in a 50k house as even rental grade components still cost a certain amount it s the same with the upper end homes in areas where the market hasn t crashed too badly when you live in a 1950 s 1400 square foot box close inside the beltway in dc you re not likely to spend 100k on a kitchen even if your home is valued at that 1m most of the value is in the land not the home i was thinking holy moly until i read the qualifier five bedroom house in arlington way inside the beltway closer to 4k feet than 1 5 and we never ever pondered 100 200k when we were updating our kitchen with respect to cabinets we went the other way when updating not remodeling and not gutting and rebuilding our kitchen when we bought the house a little over 13 years ago it had a newly updated kitchen white shrock cabinets no solid wood was harmed in their construction we never loved them but we never hated them either they re still fine heavy use from a family of five well 5 for the past 9 years and they re still fine some little issues here and there but they are not falling apart or listing or coming off the walls when updating the kitchen early this year we started with the cooking facilities a 36 range and proper hood with adequate ventilation added a new floor because it really was time a new matching pantry which does have some solid wood inside and small things such as pot racks we elected not to replace the cabinets because the old ones basically still work for us and the basic white looks fine to us not beautiful or lovely or awesome but fine lovely cabinets are lovely but it s a big kitchen and the extra 30k or more we might have spent on substantially nicer cabinets was money we chose to keep similarly we kept our granite counters not our favorite pattern but a decent neutral tone decent counter space and they ve held up just dandy to everything hot pans you name it i ve nothing at all against the up market cabinet suggestions paying for quality materials and workmanship absolutely makes sense if it s in budget and appreciated i m just adding the perspective of somebody who has found a more budget oriented option to hold up fine for me the kitchen is about cooking storage is necessary but i start with the cooking equipment range or top plus oven s ventilation and prep space for me just my perspective the boxes come somewhere down towards last for free i d swap them in a heartbeat but it s not free like save 8 years ago antss cheap and quality just don t go together for cabinets amen and anything else for that matter there is also nothing wrong with the furniture grade particle board until it gets wet brickeye et al i ve got news for you plywood used in most cabinets that gets wet is toast too there are different grades of furniture board just like plywood the fact that it is made form sheets of veneer vs fine chips of wood do not make one panel better or worse than the other it really comes down to the density of the material and the more importantly the glue and pressure used to hold it together i ll stack up my german made cabinets made out of that rotten particle board against any brand of cabinet made of plywood of your choosing mine are are covered in melamine on every single exposed edge even the ones you cannot see when installed including all of the shelving edges in addition the sinks have a fitted aluminum pan to catch any slow drips or leaks these will stand up to all but flood and in that case nothing short of outdoor cabinets made from polymer sheetgoods or 100 stainless steel is going to last so like i ve said before it all depends on the specific specification of the box you are looking at plywood is not inherently better than furniture board any more than asians are better than americans at math and science like save 8 years ago suzanne sl quoting from djg1 s quote when you live in a 1950 s 1400 square foot box close inside the beltway in dc you re not likely to spend 100k on a kitchen even if your home is valued at that 1m most of the value is in the land not the home last winter my son was looking for a house just outside the beltway in the 500k range most were closer to 1200 than 1500 sq ft this is absolutely low end in that area he was stationed in asia at the time so was looking online and talking with an agent in the area he did eventually make the trip in to see selected properties in person the end result was that a new kitchen didn t even make the short list of things those properties needed my personal favorite was the one with floors sloping this way and that with height differences up to 3 in the end he decided against buying at all everything is relative sigh like save 8 years ago julies19 nannajoe my coworker who is really into remodeling homes and is quite handy himself purchased his cabinets from costco online he has a pretty decent kitchen with a 7ft island the cabinets i saw on his computer looked beautiful and well made he said they are all wood cabinets and came with soft close for the upper and lower cabinets all the cabinets with shipping was under 7k you can go to the costco website and order 2 free small samples of the color if you want a bigger sample you have to pay 20 he also ordered his caesarstone counter top from costco and it was so much cheaper from other quotes he received my cousin bough caesarstone from ikea and paid 5k for the 10 ft island alone we are in the process of doing a kitchen remodel and when i priced the costco cabinets online it was over a little over 6k with shipping the quote i received from omega cabinets was 17k and it does not include the soft close for the upper cabinets i am going to look into the other brand of cabinets some folks here have used this is our 2nd reno and hopefully the last i definitely don t want to cut cost with getting inferior cabinets i did that w the 1st reno and regretted since good luck like save 8 years ago usacoco does anyone has comment on diamond and schrock i want all plywood how do the two compare in terms of price and quality like save 8 years ago pro rachiele custom sinks diamond and schrock are virtually identical they are made by the same company the manufacturer puts different names on the cabinets so they can be marketed to several accounts in the same city without the appearance of over saturation pricing and construction should be about the same i happen to have the high end of diamond throughout my home i used to be a kitchen designer and dealt primarily with high end remodeling my premier cabinet line was built by the amish and mennonites but frankly the diamond cabinet was built so well i could not see the value in going to a higher priced cabinet for my home my home happens to be at the high end of the spectrum in my area and the cabinetry is well in keeping with the quality of the home now that the cabinets are over 10 years old they look and work like new in fact the kitchen cabinetry survived a flood with very little damage we did replace the cork flooring however the cabinets and even the molding survived the flood impressive like save 7 years ago generositea we were in the same boat you are now for months and months we researched both price and quality my dh is quite handy so we weren t afraid of diy we end up going with barker cabinets currently being made right now so i ll be able to post pics in a few more weeks we also agonized over finishing it ourselves to save more money we wanted white and start pricing out diy saving 1200 or buy it finished our materials was going to cost us about 400 we would need to assemble the cabinets then borrow a family member truck to take it to a local paint dryer booth venting code rental was 17 day in order to get the baking time carefully put it back on the truck bring home and then put it up this would involve a lot of labor and time we would in the end only save a few hundred bucks and still not sure if the finish would turn out to be correct or durable hoping that we wouldn t scratch it during all the transport i can t say for now on how the quality or ease of assembling the cabinets is but it s really hard to match the durable finish the manufacture can provide we talked to a lot of paint shop experts and the old saying is true sometimes you just have to leave it to the professional try to cut back elsewhere but spend a bit more on something you would use a thousand times a month like 1 save 7 years ago generositea i forgot to mention the price of our cabinets came out to a lil over 5k for 16x10 kitchen i know their catalog by heart now since we kept playing with the shopping cart to get different options to see where we can cut cost dif sizes of drawers doors gluck keep us posted and i ll be posting photos after the new years i m so excited now we are agonizing over the countertop lol like 1 save 7 years ago related stories kitchen workbook popular cabinet door styles for kitchens of all kinds by shane d inman don t mess around picking cabinet doors let our mini guide help you choose the right style and save the messes for cooking full story 138 kitchen cabinets what goes with wood cabinets by laura gaskill make those high quality cabinets look their best by pairing them with the right colors and materials full story 113 working with pros 5 qualities of a happy designer client relationship by nicole white designs interiors llc cultivate trust flexibility and more during a design project and it could be the beginning of a beautiful alliance full story 66 decorating guides holding out for quality by michael cannell cheap furniture has its place but more shoppers are waiting to invest for the long haul full story 103 most popular new this week 4 subtle design ideas with big impact for your kitchen by mitchell parker 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<s>[INST] buy horse delhi [/INST] market reforms of alauddin khalji from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search in the early 14th century the delhi sultanate ruler alauddin khalji r 1296 1316 instituted price controls and related reforms in his empire alauddin s courtier amir khusrau states that alauddin s objective was the welfare of the general public however ziauddin barani c 1357 states that the sultan s objective was to subjugate the hindus and to maintain an unprecedentedly large army the low prices would make low salaries acceptable for the soldiers alauddin fixed the prices for a wide range of goods including grains cloth slaves and animals he banned hoarding and regrating appointed supervisors and spies to ensure compliance with the regulations and severely punished the violators the reforms were implemented in the capital delhi and possibly other areas of the sultanate they were revoked shortly after alauddin s death by his son qutbuddin mubarak shah contents 1 background 2 objective 3 establishment of markets 4 mandi grain market 4 1 price controls 4 2 appointment of market controller 4 3 government run granaries 4 4 anti hoarding measures 4 5 ban on regrating 4 6 ban on taking surplus grain home 4 7 daily reports 4 8 rationing during drought 5 sera i adl 5 1 establishment 5 2 price fixing 5 3 registration of merchants 5 4 prevention of regrating 5 5 permit for buying expensive fabrics 6 slave and animal market 6 1 price fixing 6 2 elimination of merchants 6 3 supervision of brokers 6 4 investigations 7 general markets 8 extent of implementation 9 impact 10 revocation 11 notes 12 references 12 1 bibliography 13 external links background the main source of information about alauddin s reforms is ziauddin barani a delhi sultanate chronicler who wrote around half a century after alauddin s death barani provides a numbered list of alauddin s regulations but his account does not contain the verbatim text of the royal orders barani s has reproduced the regulations from his memory organizing them in a logical sequence barani s account at least his narration of alauddin s price control measures is corroborated by other writers who mention the reforms with lesser detail alauddin s courtier amir khusrau mentions the price control measures attributing these to alauddin s desire for public welfare the 16th century chronicler firishta also describes the reforms and besides barani his account seems to be based on shaikh ainuddin bijapuri s now lost mulhiqat i tabaqat i nasiri while bijapuri was not a contemporary of alauddin he may have had access to other lost works that described these reforms objective alauddin s courtier amir khusrau in his khazainul futuh 1311 states that alauddin reduced and fixed prices because of his great regard for general prosperity and abundance and for the happiness and comfort of the select as well as the commons a later anecdote also states that alauddin implemented his price control measures for the welfare of the citizens this anecdote was mentioned by the 14th century writer hamid qalandar and is originally said to have been narrated by malikut tujjar prince of merchants qazi hamiduddin to the sufi saint nasiruddin chiragh dehlavi during the early reign of firuz shah tughlaq r 1351 1388 hamiduddin told nasiruddin that he once entered alauddin s chamber and found him engaged in deep thought alauddin told hamiduddin that he wanted to do something for the benefit of the common people because the god had made him the leader of these people alauddin stated that he considered giving away all his treasures and property but then realized that the benefits of such a distribution would not reach all the people he then got the idea of lowering and fixing the price of grains which would benefit all the people contrary to these accounts barani states that alauddin who was a muslim introduced these reforms to be able to maintain an unprecedentedly large army and to subjugate his hindu subjects according to barani the 1303 mongol invasion of delhi prompted alauddin to raise a large army to deal with the mongol threat however such a large army would be a drain on the state treasury unless the soldiers salaries could be lowered substantially alauddin was the first sultan of delhi to pay all his soldiers in cash he determined that the maximum salary he could pay to a well equipped cavalryman as 234 tankas a with an additional 78 tankas for a cavalryman with two horses it appears that the cavalryman was expected to maintain his own horse and equipment from this salary an increase in this salary would exhaust the treasury in 56 years alauddin s ministers told him that such low salaries would be acceptable to the soldiers if the prices of necessary commodities were reduced alauddin then asked his counsellors for ways to reduce the prices without resorting to tyranny and on their advice decided to regulate the market prices barani also states that the hindu traders indulged in profiteering and alauddin wanted to punish the hindus however much of delhi s overland trade with western and central asia was controlled by khorasani and multani merchants many of whom were muslims and were impacted by alauddin s reforms moreover the cheap prices resulting from alauddin s price control measures benefited the general public which included the hindus establishment of markets alauddin implemented price control measures by setting up following types of markets in delhi 10 mandi the central grain market plus grocery shops in every neighbourhood sera i adl the central market for manufactured commodities and imported goods markets for slaves and animals general markets for other commodities mandi grain market price controls alauddin s administration fixed the price of grains in delhi as follows 11 grain price in jitals a per mann b wheat 7 5 barley 4 rice 5 pulses and gram 5 moth 3 the prices were lower in smaller towns 13 the delhi sultanate chronicles do not elaborate how these numbers were arrived at but both khusrau and barani state that the prices were not allowed to increase during alauddin s lifetime even when the rainfall was scarce 11 appointment of market controller alauddin appointed malik qabul ulugh khani as controller of the grain markets and a friend of malik qabul as an assistant controller the sultan granted malik qabul extensive territories as iqta and placed a large cavalry and infantry under his charge 14 alauddin also appointed one of his own close associates as an intelligence officer of the grain market the controller strictly regulated the market prices and informed alauddin of any violations the government strictly punished the shopkeepers who tried to sell goods above the regulated price and those who tried to cheat by using false weights 15 the traders considered alauddin s regulations as burdensome and frequently violated them the drastic punishments led to further resentment among the traders 16 government run granaries alauddin s administration set up granaries and stocked them with grain collected from the peasants 15 according to barani the government s share of the grain in the crown territory khalisa in the doab region was collected in kind and taken to the government run granaries in delhi in the jhain region half of the government s share was collected in kind and taken to the jhain town when needed the stores were transferred to the government run granaries in delhi firishta mentions that the government s share was collected and stored in various towns not just delhi 13 the stores in the government run granaries were released and sold at fixed price during the times of scarcity 15 see also revenue reforms of alauddin khalji direct revenue collection anti hoarding measures alauddin s administration mandated registration for the transporters who bought the farming produce from the peasants and carried it to the towns 15 the government banned hoarding and held the transporters their agents and their families collectively responsible for any violations 15 alauddin placed the transporters under the controller of the grain market his administration arrested the former leaders of the transporters and handed them over to the controller malik qabul alauddin asked malik qabul to keep them in chains until they collectively agreed to abide by certain conditions imposed on them and gave sureties for each other these conditions required the transporters to adhere to alauddin s regulations the transporters were also ordered to settle in the villages at specific distances along the yamuna river so as to ensure rapid transport of grains to delhi 17 they were required to bring their families cattle and goods to their new residences a supervisor was appointed to oversee their operations according to barani because of these changes the transporters brought so much grain to delhi that no releases were required from the government run granaries ban on regrating alauddin banned regrating the practice of buying goods at a lower price and selling them at a higher price all the government officials in the ganga yamuna doab region were required to guarantee that they would not permit any regrating in their area of authority if any regrating was discovered in a particular territory the officials in charge were answerable to the throne the regrated grain was confiscated by the government and the violator was severely punished according to barani such regulations made it impossible for a merchant a peasant a grocer or anyone else to sell even minute quantities of grains above the regulated price ban on taking surplus grain home alauddin s administration allowed the cultivators to take limited quantity of grain from fields to their homes for personal consumption 13 alauddin required his revenue officers to sign written agreements promising that they would take severe measures to ensure that the cultivators in the doab region were unable to take the surplus grain to their houses for regrating this would force the cultivators to sell the grain to the transporters at low prices 18 barani states that the cultivators were also given the option of taking the surplus grain to the market themselves and selling it there for a profit at the prices fixed by alauddin firishta clarifies that the cultivators could sell the grain at the markets in the nearest town they were not required to visit the central market in delhi 18 daily reports alauddin sought daily reports about the grain market from three independent sources 19 the market superintendent the intelligence officers the secret spies the 16th century chronicler firishta states that although alauddin was illiterate at the beginning of his reign he gradually acquired the ability to read these reports which included hastily scribbled notes written in persian script 18 any variance in the reports from the three sources resulted in punishment for the market superintendent the officials were aware that alauddin received reports from three different sources and thus found no opportunity to deviate from the market rules 19 rationing during drought even during the times of scarce rainfall there was no increase in the grain prices during alauddin s reign when the rains failed the grocers of every neighbourhood mohalla in delhi were given a daily allowance of grain from the central market the allowance was determined by the population of the neighbourhood people were also allowed to purchase mann b of grain directly from the central market at one time the allowance was higher for the landless nobles and other distinguished men and varied on the number of their dependants 18 alauddin ordered his officers to maintain law and order in market during times of drought if a stampede resulted in the death of a helpless citizen the law required the superintendent in charge of the market to be punished 18 sera i adl the sera i adl literally place of justice was an exclusive market in delhi for manufactured and imported goods the goods sold at sera i adl included cloth sugar herbs dry fruits butter including ghee and lamp oil 20 establishment alauddin established the sera i adl on an extensive piece of unused land near the green palace koshak i sabz on the inner side of the badaun gate the market remained open from morning to the afternoon prayer the sultan ordered every specified commodity to be sold only at the sera i adl at the prices fixed by his administration any violation of this regulation resulted in confiscation of the commodity and punishment to the seller 20 price fixing alauddin s administration fixed the prices of the various commodities sold at sera i adl 21 although the control over prices of such goods was not vital for the state alauddin probably wanted to keep the nobles happy or he may have feared that high prices of these goods may affect the prices of other goods barani gives the prices for some of these commodities as follows 21 commodity price a per silk khuzz i delhi 16 tankas unspecified silk khuzz i konla 6 tankas unspecified silk mashru shiri fine 3 tankas unspecified silk shirin fine 5 tankas unspecified silk shirin medium 3 tankas unspecified silk shirin coarse 2 tankas unspecified silk salahati coarse 2 tankas unspecified cotton burd fine with red lining 6 jitals seemingly a copyist s mistake unspecified cotton burd coarse 36 jitals unspecified cotton astar i nagauri red 24 jitals unspecified cotton astar coarse 12 jitals unspecified cotton chadar 10 jitals unspecified fine woven cotton cloth 1 tanka 20 yards coarse woven cotton cloth 1 tanka 40 yards crystallized sugar misri 2 5 jitals 1 sir coarse sugar 1 5 jitals 1 sir brown sugar 1 jital 3 sirs ghee 1 jital 1 5 sir sesame oil 1 jital 3 sirs barani does not provide prices of all the commodities but states that they can be estimated from the above list firishta adds that 5 sirs of salt could be purchased for 1 jital 22 registration of merchants alauddin ordered all the merchants of his empire not just delhi both hindu and muslim to be registered with the ministry of commerce their businesses were regulated the merchants of delhi were required to sign a written agreement promising to bring the imported commodities to sera i adl and to sell them at the officially fixed rates barani states that these merchants brought such large quantities of goods to sera i adl that the goods accumulated in delhi and remained unsold 22 prevention of regrating after alauddin fixed the prices of cloth several merchants would purchase costly cloth at sera i adl in delhi and sell it outside delhi a higher rate 22 to avoid such regrating alauddin appointed the rich multani merchants as officers of sera i adl and asked them to sell their goods directly to the public in such a way that these goods did not fall into the hands of the other merchants 22 the multani merchant officers were given 2 million tankas from the treasury possibly as a subsidy 22 or as an advance permit for buying expensive fabrics alauddin ordered that certain expensive fabrics which were deemed unnecessary for the general public could be bought only with a permit these permits had to be issued personally by specific state appointed officers parwana ra is the officers issued permits to amirs maliks and other important persons in accordance with their incomes this ensured that people could not buy such fabrics at a cheap price in delhi and sell it elsewhere at a higher price 23 slave and animal market price fixing alauddin also fixed the prices for slaves and animals barani gives the following prices for slaves 24 slave prices type of slave price a female slave for domestic work 5 12 tankas female slave for concubinage 20 40 tankas handsome young male slave 20 30 tankas slave experienced in work 10 15 tankas inexperienced young slave 7 8 tankas barani states that very few slaves were sold for 100 200 tankas if an expensive slave whose normal price would be 1 000 2 000 after alauddin s death appeared in the market nobody would buy it because of the fear of alauddin s spies 24 the supply of horses in delhi had improved as a result of alauddin s conquest of gujarat which was an important hub for the indian ocean trade however only alauddin s government was allowed to buy good quality horses which were important for raising and maintaining an efficient army alauddin s administration fixed the prices for horses as follows after consulting experienced brokers 23 horse prices type of horse price a grade i 100 120 tankas grade ii 80 90 tankas grade iii 60 70 tankas small indian pony tattoo not suitable for the cavalry 10 25 tankas barani gives the following prices for animals 24 prices for other animals animal price a best quality beast of burden 4 5 tankas male cattle for breeding purposes 3 tankas cows for meat 1 5 2 tankas cows for milk 3 4 tankas buffalo for meat 5 6 tankas buffalo for milk 10 12 tankas fat goat or sheep 10 12 jitals barani states that the best quality beasts of burden which cost 4 tankas maximum 5 tankas during alauddin s reign cost 30 40 tankas a few decades after his death 24 elimination of merchants during alauddin s reign any man who wanted to join the cavalry had to appear for a review with a horse and equipment the state would reimburse the cost of the horse if the candidate passed the review and joined the army and if his horse died or became useless during the service however the candidate was expected to pay for his horse before the review taking advantage of this situation several wealthy people entered into the business of purchasing and rearing horses and colluded with the brokers to raise prices 23 as part of his market reforms alauddin ordered these horse merchants to be arrested and imprisoned in remote forts capitalist investors were banned from participating in the horse trade alauddin also eliminated the merchants from the markets for other animals and slaves 23 barani does not mention who sold slaves and animals after the merchants were arrested the later writer firishta clarifies that alauddin imprisoned the merchants only temporarily after the prices had stabilized they were allowed to buy and sell horses on the condition that they would not violate alauddin s price fixing regulations supervision of brokers alauddin s administration closely supervised the brokers participating in the slave and animal markets 23 the brokers were responsible for grading the goods and estimating their prices before alauddin s reforms the leading brokers would help the wealthy merchants raise the prices and took commissions from both the merchants and the buyers 23 as part of his market reforms alauddin ordered the brokers to be screened carefully to prevent any price rises the erring brokers were imprisoned with the merchants in remote forts investigations as the horses were required for alauddin s army he gave special attention to horse trade he ordered the leading horse brokers and their horses to be brought before him for a detailed investigation every forty days or two months barani states that the brokers were treated so harshly that they wanted to die alauddin also appointed spies to the slave and animal markets and thoroughly analyzed their reports general markets according to barani alauddin s ministry of commerce diwan i riyasat dictated the prices of all the goods sold in the general markets spread across delhi these prices were determined by alauddin and his staff according to the production cost of the goods 24 barani mentions that alauddin s price control measures were directed at all kinds of goods from caps to socks from combs to needles from vegetables soups sweetmeats to chapatis 25 alauddin selected yaqub nazir as his minister of commerce and also appointed him as the censor and the superintendent of weights and measures barani describes yaqub nazir as an honest but rude and cruel man the minister appointed a superintendent for every market to ensure that the shopkeepers adhered to the price list sanctioned by alauddin s administration the superintendents were also responsible for maintaining proper prices for the commodities that could not be included in the official price list 26 yaqub nazir regularly checked the prices in the general markets and meted out humiliating punishments to the erring shopkeepers these punishments scared the shopkeepers into reducing their prices however the shopkeepers used other methods to make illegal profits including use of false weights sale of low quality commodities and lying to young and ignorant customers to address this problem alauddin started sending child employees of the royal pigeon house to make test purchases which would be reviewed by yaqub nazir barani states that if a shopkeeper did not give full weight to the child customer the minister would carve out double the due weight of flesh from the shopkeeper s body such severe punishments finally ensured adherence to alauddin s price fixing regulations in the general markets 26 extent of implementation barani states that alauddin s market reforms such as price control were implemented in the city of delhi the capital of the empire he states that the regulations implemented in delhi tended to be followed in other towns but does not explicitly state if this was the case with alauddin s reforms the later writer firishta suggests that the price control regulations were implemented in the territories other than delhi as well 27 impact alauddin s reforms allowed him to raise a powerful army which decisively defeated the mongols 25 alauddin s courtier amir khusrau greatly praises his reforms portraying them as public welfare measures 28 he states that the low fixed prices of grains and supply from the royal granaries benefited the public during the times of scarce rainfall according to an anecdote mentioned by the 14th century writer hamid qalandar even after the sultan s death people respected alauddin for reducing and fixing the price of grains they made pilgrimages to his tomb to have their prayers fulfilled 28 the cheap prices enabled the general public to indulge in frequent enterainment activities hamid qalandar who wrote during the early reign of firuz shah tughluq r 1351 1388 quotes nasiruddin chiragh dehlavi as follows 29 in those days entertainments were common during the days of the pilgrimages and on the last wednesday of the month of safar it was difficult to find sitting accommodation in the public enclosures in the public gardens or by the side of the tanks there was music and dancing on every side these feasts would cost a tanka or more 29 according to nasiruddin even beggars could afford cotton stuffed garments during alauddin s reign in fact an officer called kafur muhrdar would distribute such garments among the poor 29 according to historian banarsi prasad saksena the contemporary muslims had limited participation in the business because of islamic restrictions see riba alauddin s reforms must have caused discomforts to the two leading hindu mercantile communities the nayakas who traded grains and the multanis who traded cloth saksena believes that these discomforts were compensated by guaranteed profits resulting from alauddin s price fixing 12 revocation alauddin s market reforms ended a few months after his death when they were revoked by his son qutbuddin mubarak shah this led to an increase in prices and consequently wages mubarak shah also released a large number of prisoners that alauddin s administration had arrested for various reasons 30 notes a b c d e f tankas and jitals were contemporary units of currency according to the 16th century historian firishta during alauddin s period a tanka was made of one tola of gold or silver a jital was a copper coin different sources variously describe its weight as 1 tola or 1 75 tolas firishta states that 1 silver tanka was equal to 50 jitals 12 a b according to historian satish chandra during alauddin s time 1 mann was approximately equivalent to 15 kg thus 1 tanka could buy 96 kg of wheat 144 kg of rice and 180 kg of barley however according to mohammad habib 1 mann was equivalent to 25 44 avoirdupois pounds or 11 54 kg 11 </s>

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<s>[INST] buy best fishing boat [/INST] best aluminum fishing boat for rough water last updated october 15 2019 by steven planning to go fishing in rough waters then i recommend using an aluminum fishing boat this type of boat is designed with strength and functionality in mind so you will not go wrong in buying one personally using one has been a great choice because i usually do not encounter any problem when i use one especially in rough waters but since it has become a standard in the fishing industry choosing the best aluminum fishing boat for rough water could be difficult knowing that there are already a lot of them dont worry i have curated five of the best aluminum fishing boats to help you make your job of choosing easier contents what is an aluminum fishing boat and why use it what to look for in the best aluminum boat for rough water motor size boat seats type of hull what are the advantages of using an aluminum fishing boat lightness comfort safety how do you clean your aluminum fishing boat wash the fishing boat check the propeller change the oil legend xtr series lowe 1810 fishing machine pro wt crestliner 1750 fish hawk alumacraft classic 165 sport kingfisher 2025 flex tiller xp conclusion what is an aluminum fishing boat and why use it before we dive deep further into the article it is but proper to get to know more about aluminum fishing boats these boats are made primarily of yes you have guessed it right aluminum aluminum is a superior material because it is lightweight and durable moreover it is essentially maintenance free because of its toughness when used in varied fishing situations many anglers recommend using it i personally tried using an aluminum fishing boat when freshwater fishing and i thoroughly enjoyed using it an aluminum fishing boat comes in various styles each model features a steering wheel console and a tiller mounted engine what i also like about this type of boat is that it delivers ample storage capacity making it a better choice than other types of fishing boats plus it is relatively budget friendly so you would not find it difficult to afford one what to look for in the best aluminum boat for rough water before buying the best aluminum fishing boat you first need to identify the things you need to look for in an ideal product this way you will surely be able to enjoy fishing without having to face any problems i have identified several features to consider so that you will have know how on the important points motor one of the most important factors that you have to look for is the motor of your aluminum fishing boat it is a known fact that most of the boats consist of modern motors that deliver more control over turns and speed so you need to look for advanced motors that can solve common problems that you face i recommend that you use troll motors these types of motors provide special tools gears trolling motor batteries and other features so you will not have a hard time looking for efficient ones size you also need to look into the size of the boat that you are going to buy the decision should depend on your purpose i recommend that you buy a boat that has a range of eight to 24 feet in size it should also have a capacity of around eight people boat seats one of the things that you need to look for in boats is their boat seat and since we are talking about seats i recommend the interchangeable ones because they can be very useful in a variety of ways these types of seats are customizable to suit your configurations and the number of seats on board moreover these seats have snap in tabs plastics bases and others type of hull finally you have to look at the type of hull that the boat has located below the deck the hull is more likely to be the body of the boat it comes with distinct structures so depending on the type of boat that the hull is made for you have to consider it for high speed activities i suggest that you pick flat bottomed hulls for turbulent water i suggest picking v shaped hulls what are the advantages of using an aluminum fishing boat there are a lot of reasons why you should buy the best aluminum fishing boat aside from its durability which i have repeatedly mentioned there is more to it than meets the eye in this section i will dive in further with the different benefits of having an aluminum fishing boat lightness aluminum is generally lightweight so you will not have a problem hauling it to the waters being lightweight you are sure that you will have a safe time sailing comfort when speaking of comfort theres nothing more that i can recommend than an aluminum fishing boat the aluminum hull is well suited to your comfort and convenience so you will not have a hard time adjusting to the boat the boat will adjust to you already furthermore an added factor to its comfort would be its ability to be flexible giving you your desired freedom to freely move without any hesitation or fear of falling over safety of course we cannot deny that your top priority when looking for boats is safety and you probably need to prioritize it we all know that the ocean tends to be unpredictable and a new day might pose a new problem because it is resistant to corrosion and fire you are assured that it will not wear off easily contributing to your safety in sailing how do you clean your aluminum fishing boat it is not enough that you own an aluminum fishing boat i recommend that you also maintain it and keep it clean here are some of the ways on how you clean your boats wash the fishing boat of course the best way to clean your boat is to wash it there are actually different ways on how to wash it primarily you can spray and scrub your boat using steel wool to do this you need to apply a cleaning agent on your boat and allow it to settle and form a coating then gently scrub the area where you sprayed the agent once done you can wipe with a clean cloth or rinse it with a power washer i prefer rinsing it after spraying because doing so would create a shiny look on the boat check the propeller it is not enough that your boat is clean you also need to periodically check the different parts of the boat to ensure that your boat is functional well this includes checking the propeller try to check for dents and damages that it might have the smallest nick can affect the performance of your boat it can also cause excessive oscillations adding more damage to your propeller change the oil like any motorized vehicle it is important that you change your oil regularly as an angler you should know how to change your boats oil so as not to leave it useless after there are proper steps that you have to do to change the oil in the process i suggest you have to look into specifics so that you will not miss out on anything legend xtr series kicking off our list of the best aluminum boat for rough water is the legend xtr series upon close examination of this boat you will discover that almost everything that you need to in a standard boat is here from its massive live wells its huge casting decks to its vinyl floors and spacious rooms i personally like this boat because of its sleek yet very modern exterior the splash of red pops from the boat this boat features a dura deck vinyl making it very easy to clean it also has a 30 gallon lively where you can store your bait and healthy fish plus it has a spacious compartment where you can store all your gear you can get your friends and family with you and have the time of your life fishing with this boat pros it stores rod conveniently it provides easy access to the water it is thicker and stronger lowe 1810 fishing machine pro wt i also think that the lowe 1810 fishing machine pro wt is a good choice for you this particular product offers a high level performance fishing package thanks to its features it features a robust aluminum deep v hill and a smart walk thru windshield that provides easy access to the boat and the fishing decks you can take up to a total of ten rods and store them in these lockable center and port side lockers it also features convenient built in storage compartments that include an in deck storage space to keep your gear stowed and safe with all its features i guarantee that you will experience a tournament class performance while being able to command a walk thru layout with it with its capacity of at most six people you can enjoy all the perks with your friends and family pros it has built in storage it can accommodate six people this boat is durable crestliner 1750 fish hawk the crestliner 1750 fish hawk is a 17 foot aluminum fishing boat it features a spacious console and an innovative funnel its console in particular includes two drink holders room for electronics a power outlet and illuminated toggle switches what i personally like about this boat is that it has options for stern jump seats for additional comfort on the part of the user since most of you might be using it for fishing storing your rods may come in handy thanks to its center rod storage with an engine that is capable of producing up to 15 hp you and your friends will be ready to jumpstart your fishing experience i also like that its live well is stern and deep it is aerated to keep your prized fishes in prime condition its premium console design is topnotch so i recommend adding this to your options pros it has sufficient rooms for rods you can boat anywhere with it it has multiple configurations alumacraft classic 165 sport there is also something to love with the alumacraft classic 165 sport aside from its usual features there more to this brand than meets the eye it offers ample storage where you could place your fishing paraphernalia it has a seating capacity of up to four anglers so you can bring your friends with you when swimming thanks to its evinrude e tec this boat is capable of pulling the children around for some exhilarating watersports action this boat is 16 feet long in general it is available in full windshield option with its affordable price you can actually get your moneys worth with this product there is no need for you to look for others because the simplicity and functionality of this product are worth it pros it is child friendly it has lots of room for storage the boat is affordable con it can only accommodate up to four anglers kingfisher 2025 flex tiller xp finally completing our list is the kingfisher 2025 flex tiller xp this is a high speed boat that is built to run through rough waters and cold high waves in powerful comfort all of this while keeping you dry and adventurous it features a great amount of storage where you can keep your fishing amenities these storage areas are accessible so you can grab your desired gear the moment you need it inside the boat you will find a rear mounted re circulating livewell that is aerated to keep your prized fish alive even after you have finished fishing it also features an extended bow platform with cargo nets and storage lockers what i like about it is that the boat has a carpeted marine flooring throughout to keep the grounds dry while making you feel comfortable all at once pros it comes with a navigation lights package the boat has excellent performance it features a full length performance delta keel conclusion with all the features that it has i think that the lowe 1810 fishing machine pro wt top our list of the best aluminum fishing boat for rough water its incorporated features would make it a better option than the rest on our list with innovations such as a walk through windshield and a high level performance fishing package that would help you improve your fishing experience with its ample storage for materials you will not run out of space where you will keep your tools what i like most about this boat though is that it helps you deliver a topnotch fishing performance even when you are exposed to rough water that is why i decided that it beats the rest of the fishing boats on our list steven i am steven an experienced fisherman and outdoor enthusiast my life long passion for fishing began when my father taught me how to fish at the age of ten i started luremefish com to share my extensive knowledge of all things fishing leave a reply cancel reply hi im steven i am an avid life long fisherman having caught over 25 000 fish over the years my life long passion for fishing began when my father taught me how to fish at the age of ten i started luremefish com to share my extensive knowledge of all things fishing recent posts 26 mar best rain gear for fishing 5 best ice fishing boots reviews in 2020 18 best ultralight spinning rods the 10 best fishing line for spinning reels in2020 the complete guide to fishing hook sizes and types </s>

<s>[INST] agroforestry business [/INST] midwest agroforestry solutions transforming midwest agriculture with agroforestry about products services tree establishment crp conservation reserve program design consulting our farms vulcan farm saturn farm work with us contact us 0 cart welcome to the revolution work with us alley cropping work with us silvopasture work with us windbreaks work with us riparian buffers work with us multi story cropping work with us we establish profitable agroforestry focused farms across the midwest usa our team of engineers ecologists and business specialists partners with farmers landowners and investors to establish farms centered around proven profitable tree crops tree establishment state of the art mechanical tree planting with mycorrhizal inoculation root gel and optional herbicide learn more design consulting from initial concept and ideation through to full design and implementation learn more invest with us invest in tree crops and regenerative practices for diversified long term yield learn more we long term lease land the same cash rent you re used to but with sustainable stewardship of your land using revolutionary tree crops learn more agroforestry trees crops livestock learn more our farms our focus crops chestnut corn on trees currant the forbidden superfruit hazelnut soybean on trees elderberry the anti viral warrior perennials planted 45000 trees 67000 shrubs 36000 herbaceous 260 acres 30 sites funks grove heritage fruits grains in mclean il colorful decorative willow stems will be back in s a new black currant product using our own fruit h yes whey we needed to tell you about one more pro more black currant beer news this is the ebb and load more photos follow us on instagram </s>

<s>[INST] fishing company shares [/INST] individual fishing quota from wikipedia the free encyclopedia jump to navigation jump to search fishing regulation limiting people s allowances to fish individual fishing quotas ifqs also known as individual transferable quotas itqs are one kind of catch share a means by which many governments regulate fishing the regulator sets a species specific total allowable catch tac typically by weight and for a given time period a dedicated portion of the tac called quota shares is then allocated to individuals quotas can typically be bought sold and leased a feature called transferability as of 2008 148 major fisheries generally a single species in a single fishing ground around the world had adopted some variant of this approach along with approximately 100 smaller fisheries in individual countries approximately 10 of the marine harvest was managed by itqs as of 2008 218 the first countries to adopt individual fishing quotas were the netherlands iceland and canada in the late 1970s and the most recent is the united states scallop general category ifq program in 2010 the first country to adopt individual transferable quotas as a national policy was new zealand in 1986 contents 1 command and control approaches 2 a move to privatisation and market based mechanisms 3 catch shares 3 1 initial distribution 3 2 trading 3 3 other characteristics 4 effectiveness 5 countries 5 1 iceland 5 2 united states 6 criticisms and controversies 6 1 private control of public resource 6 2 quota consolidation 6 3 leasing practices 6 4 economic depression of coastal communities 7 see also 8 references 9 further reading command and control approaches historically inshore and deepwater fisheries were in common ownership where no one had a property right to the fish i e owned them until after they had been caught each boat faced the zero sum game imperative of catching as many fish as possible knowing that any fish they did not catch would likely be taken by another boat commercial fishing evolved from subsistence fishing with no restrictions that would limit or direct the catch the implicit assumption was that the ocean s bounty was so vast that restrictions were unnecessary in the 20th century fisheries such as atlantic cod and california sardines collapsed and nations began to limit access to their fishing grounds by boats from other countries while in parallel international organizations began to certify that specific species were threatened endangered etc one early management technique was to define a season during which fishing was allowed the length of the season attempted to reflect the current abundance of the fishery with bigger populations supporting longer seasons this turned fishing into a race driving the industry to bigger faster boats which in turn caused regulators to repetitively shorten seasons sometimes to only a few days per year landing all boats over an ever shorter interval also led to glut shortage market cycles with prices crashing when the boats came in a secondary consequence was that boats sometimes embarked when the fishery was open regardless of weather or other safety concerns a move to privatisation and market based mechanisms the implementation of itqs or ifqs works in tandem with the privatisation of common assets this regulatory measure seeks to economically rationalise access to a common pool resource this type of management is based in the doctrine of natural resource economics notably the use of itqs in environmental policy has been informed by the work of economists such as jens warming h scott gordon and anthony scott it is theorised that the primary driver of over fishing is the rule of capture externality this is the idea that the fisherman does not have a property right to the resource until point of capture encouraging competitive behaviour and overcapitalisation in the industry it is theorised that without a long term right to fish stocks there is no incentive to conserve fish stocks for the future the use of itqs in resource management dates back to the 1960s and was first seen in pollution quotas which are now widely used to manage carbon emissions from power utilities 10 for both air and marine resources itqs use a cap and trade approach by setting typically annual limits on resource exploitation tac in fisheries and then allowing trade of quotas between industry users however itq use in fisheries is fundamentally different from pollution quotas since the latter regulate the by product of an industry whereas fishery itqs regulate the actual output product of the fishing industry and thus amount to exclusive industry participation rights the use of ifqs has often been related to broader processes within neoliberalism that tend to utilise markets as a regulatory tool 11 the rationale behind such neo liberal mechanisms situates itself in the belief that market mechanisms harness profit motive to more innovative and efficient environmental solutions than those devised and executed by states 12 whilst such neo liberal regulation has often been cited as a move away from state governance 13 in the case of privatization the state is integral in the process of creating and maintaining property rights the use of neoliberal privatising regimes has also often raised contradictions with the rights of indigenous communities for example the exclusion of mori tribes in the initial allocation of fishing quota in new zealand s quota management system led to a lengthy legal battle delaying development in national fisheries policy and resulting in a large settlement from the crown there have also been similar legal battles regarding the allocation of fishing rights with the mi kmaq in canada and the saami in north norway aboriginal fishing rights are said to pose a challenge to the authoritative claims of the state as the final arbiters in respect of access and participation in rights based regimes 14 catch shares main article catch share the term catch share has been used more recently to describe the range of programmes similar to itqs catch shares expanded the concept of daily catch limits to year long limits allowed different fishermen to have different limits based on various factors and also limited the total catch catch shares eliminate the race to the fish problem because fishermen are no longer restricted to short fishing seasons and can schedule their voyages as they choose boom bust market cycles disappear because fishing can continue throughout a typically many month season some safety problems are reduced because there s no need to fish in hazardous conditions just because the fishery happens to be open a crucial element of catch share systems is how to distribute allocate the shares and what rights come with them the initial allocation can be granted or auctioned shares can be held permanently owned or for a fixed period such as one year rented they can be salable and or leasable or not with or without limits each variation has advantages and disadvantages which may vary given the culture of a given fishing community initial distribution itqs are typically initially allocated as grants according to the recent catch history of the fishery those with bigger catches are generally allocated larger quotas the primary drawback is that individuals receive a valuable right at no cost grants are somewhat analogous to a homestead in which settlers who developed farms in the american wilderness eventually received title without payment to what had been public land in some cases less than 100 of the tac becomes itqs with the remainder allocated to other management strategies the grant approach is inherently political with attendant benefits and costs for example related industries such as fish processing and other non participants may seek quota grants also fishermen are often excluded from receiving quota if they are not also boat owners however boat owners who do not fish do receive quota such as was the case in alaskan ifq distributions the offshore pollock co operative in the pacific northwest allocated initial quotas by mutual agreement and allows quota holders to sell their quotas only to the co operative members 15 quota auctions recompense the public for access to fisheries they are somewhat analogous to the spectrum auctions that the u s held to allocate highly valuable radio spectrum these auctions raised tens of billions of dollars for the public note however that the television industry did not have to pay for the necessary spectrum to switch from analog to digital broadcasting which is more like quota grants for incumbent fishermen trading itqs can be re sold to those who want to increase their presence in the fishery alternatively quotas can be non tradeable meaning that if a fisherman leaves the industry the quota reverts to the government to retire or to grant auction to another party once distributed quotas can be re granted re auctioned periodically or held in perpetuity limiting the time period lowers the quota s value and its initial auction price cost but subsequent auctions create recurring revenues at the same time privatising such a public resource reduces the remaining amount of public resources and can be thought of as giving away our future in the industry rented quotas are often referred to as dedicated access privileges dap another issue with tradability is that large enterprises may buy all the quotas ending what may be a centuries long tradition of small scale operations this may benefit the sellers and the buyers and those who buy the fish but can potentially cause large changes in the culture of fishing communities consolidation of quota accompanies every ifq programme and typically works to phase out smaller less profitable fishing operations in favour of larger often corporate owned fleets who have better financing capabilities some fisheries require quota holders to be participating fishermen to prevent absentee ownership and limit the quota that a captain can accumulate in the alaska halibut and black cod fisheries only active fishermen can buy quota and new entrants may not sub lease their quota however these measures have only served to mitigate outside speculation in ifqs by non fishermen a lack of regulatory policy or enforcement still results in the prevalence of armchair fishermen those who own quota but do not materially participate in the fishery 16 since ifqs began in 1995 the commercial longline fleet has never exceeded these fisheries tacs other characteristics itqs may have the effect of changing the criteria that fishermen apply to their catch highgrading involves catching more fish than the quota allows and dumping specimens that are less valuable because of size age or other criteria many of the discarded fish are already dead or quickly die increasing fishing s reduction of stocks 17 effectiveness in 2008 a large scale study concluded that itqs can help to prevent collapses and restore declining fisheries when compared to a data set including 11 000 fisheries of various management structures some entirely unmanaged 18 19 while nearly a third of open access fisheries have collapsed catch share fisheries are only half as likely to fail however when compared to other modern fishery management schemes ifq managed fisheries exhibit no long term ecological advantages 20 21 a study of the 14 ifq programmes in the united states revealed that fish stocks are unaffected by these management schemes 22 in terms of productivity a study that exploits a 2009 reform that introduced ifq for peruvian anchovy finds that quotas do not increase within asset or within firm productivity in quantities 23 in 1995 the alaskan halibut fishery converted to itqs after regulators cut the season from about four months down to two or three days today due to the pre allocation of catch that accompanies ifqs the season lasts nearly eight months and boats deliver fresh fish at a steadier pace however halibut stocks have been in continuous decline for over a decade as poor stock assessments leading to overfishing have caused a substantial decline in biomass additionally despite the increase in landings value the number of quota holders has declined by 44 as consolidation and quota pricing has served to prevent new entrants 24 not all fisheries have thrived under itqs in some cases experiencing reduced or static biomass levels because of factors such as tacs may be set at too high a level migratory species may be overfished in parts of their habitat not covered by the tac habitats may incur damage enforcement may be lax countries iceland iceland introduced a quota market for cod in 1984 and made those quotas transferable in 1990 25 iceland became one of the first countries in the world to adopt a quota system to manage its marine resources 25 the quota system is contentious in icelandic politics critics of the quota system criticize the manner in which the quotas were initially distributed arguing that the quotas should have been auctioned to the highest bidders critics have called for quotas to be gradually returned to the state which can then auction the quotas to highest bidders they argue that this would ensure that the state receives its fair share of the profits whereas the current system where the state taxes a share of the profits leads to suboptimal returns for the state they also criticize the tendency of the market to result in consolidation of quotas 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 supporters say the initial distribution of the quotas to fishermen was fair as they would have incurred the costs of the implementation of a quota system and thus deserved a share of the quota supporters also say that the current system has successfully ensured the sustainability of icelandic fish stocks and led to prosperity 33 34 32 political parties such as the independence party the progressive party and the left greens largely support the current iteration of the quota system parties such as social democratic party and vireisn have called for a quota system that increasingly relies on auctions 35 36 united states the magnuson stevens fishery conservation and management act defines individual transferable quotas itqs as permits to harvest specific quantities of fish of a particular species fisheries scientists decide the maximum annual harvest in a certain fishery accounting for carrying capacity re generation rates and future values this amount is called the total allowable catch tac under itqs participants in a fishery receive rights to a portion of the tac without charge quotas can be fished bought sold or leased twenty eight u s fisheries have adopted itqs as of 2008 concerns about distributional consequences led to a moratorium on moving other fisheries into the programme that lasted from 1996 to 2004 starting in january 2011 fishermen in california oregon and washington will operate via tradeable catch shares fishermen have been discarding bycatch that is not their target typically killing the individuals catch shares allow trawlers to exchange by catch with each other benefitting both goals of the system include increased productivity reduced waste and higher revenues for fishermen more than a dozen other u s fisheries are now managed by catch shares fishery managers say that in alaska where catch shares have been in place for several years fishermen are now achieving higher prices for their catch 37 criticisms and controversies private control of public resource ifqs are usually initiated through the de facto privatisation of an otherwise public resource the fisheries initial recipients of quota receive windfall profits through the gifting of share ownership while all future entrants are forced to purchase or lease the right harvest fish many have questioned both the ethical and economic repercussions of dedicating a secure exclusive privilege to access this public resource for example in the us during a presentation given to the gulf fishery management council fishery manager larry abele stated that the present value of the gulf fishery ifq harvest amounted to 345 000 000 and this was given without requiring of any return to the public from ifq holders 38 quota consolidation virtually every ifq programme results in substantial consolidation of quota for example it is estimated that 8 companies control 80 of new zealand s fisheries through quota acquisition 4 companies control 77 of one alaska crab fishery and 7 of shareholders control 60 of the us gulf red snapper quota 38 39 the consolidation results in job loss reduced wages and decreased entry opportunities into the fishery leasing practices many ifq systems involve the temporary transfer of fishing rights whereby the owner of quota leases the fishing rights to active fishermen in exchange for a fixed percentage of the landed value of fish since quota acquisition is often beyond the financial means of many fishermen they are forced to sacrifice substantial portions of their income in order to lease fishing rights for example bering sea crab lease fees can be as high as 80 of the landed value of the crab meaning that the active fishermen only retain 20 of the revenue much of which is needed to cover costs 40 in some fisheries the majority of quota is leased to active fishermen often by individuals who do not physically participate in the fishery but have been able to acquire shares this makes quota acquisition even less likely for active fishermen results in diversion of wealth away from fishing communities and into the hands of private investors and can cause major financial strain on fishermen along with the economic contraction of fishing communities 41 economic depression of coastal communities the transition to ifq management tends to cause considerable economic harm to coastal communities that are dependent on commercial fisheries 42 although ifq management systems are designed to enhance the economic performance of the fishing industry this usually comes at the cost of coastal communities whose economies rely principally on their fishing fleet this cost results from the re equilibration of the quota regime market revealing the inefficient over investment that had taken place in the industry prior to implementation of the quota regime see also list of commercially important fish species </s>

<s>[INST] fishery collapse [/INST] green fish blue fish a soapbox advocating sustainable resource use a sustainable aquatic and terrestrial environment and the reclamation of a middle way menu skip to content home index of blog posts about links archives definition of a collapsed fishery does anyone haveone posted on march 8 2013 by greenfish bluefish i have a request for anyone who may be inclined to point me in the right direction collapse of atlantic cod stocks off the east coast of newfoundland in 1992 from the late 1950s offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part of the stock leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass internationally agreed quotas in the early 1970s and following the declaration by canada of an exclusive fishing zone in 1977 national quota systems ultimately failed to arrest and reverse the decline if anyone knows the whereabouts of an agreed definition of what constitutes a collapsed fishery please let me know share this twitter facebook like this like loading related </s>

<s>[INST] best fish to buy in australia [/INST] get your hooks into melbournes 10 best fish and chips september 07 2017 by larissa dubecki share this article melburnians are known to debate the best fish and chip shop with the same fervour usually reserved for football we dont want to start an argument but weve got some favourites too here are 10 of the best banyule fish and chippery the potato cakes are extra crunchy and the kind hearted owner will normally throw in a few extras for free the fishcakes are made in house and friday nights still mean peak wait times the epitome of the small suburban outfit banyule does all the classics from fried flake to pineapple fritters 41 greville road rosanna 03 9459 4594 paper fish the fish and chips at stokehouse are the stuff of legend so when the upmarket st kilda foreshore restaurant reopened earlier this year after a fire the owners were kind enough to cater to the hoi polloi with a designated fish and chip kiosk expect sustainable seafood salads and coconut prawn tacos with a basic little booze list 30 jacka boulevard st kilda 03 8691 6830 blu by australian seafood when a seafood wholesaler turns fish and chip retailer youd better take notice head to coburg north for australia seafood groups sbest in show offerings including a long list of local fish including sea perch john dory and blue eye and dress it up with grilled crayfish tails and moreton bay bugs take away or eat in there are 170 seats 146 gaffney street coburg north 03 9350 3200 richmond oysters if richmond oysters looks a bit fancier than the average fish and chippery thats because it is the oysters are shucked to order and as well as locally caught fish they also go in for newfangled things like soft shell crab open sandwiches and a southern fried fish burger with citrus slaw 443 church street richmond 03 9428 5121 tank fish chippery the modern greek blue and white tile fit out at tank belies a winning old fashioned approach theres fresh fish to take home and cook yourself but with the option of a cone of calamari and chips with tartare sauce and lemon why would you 149 151 lygon street carlton 03 9040 2124 emporium food court 287 lonsdale street melbourne cbd 03 9020 4342 tommy ruff fish bar tommys knows its inner south eastern audience the menu includes poke bowls grilled fish and salads but the classic tommys packs pimped out with calamari rings potato cakes and dim sims are hard to beat 3 1 3 carre street elsternwick 03 9077 8815 574a main street mordialloc 03 9580 2525 121 chapel street windsor 03 9521 7195 cerberus beach house theres some topnotch fish and chips at the kiosk on the ground floor of this black rock restaurant kick off those shoes and enjoy them on gorgeous half moon bay beach beware the seagulls feeling hungry book now boat shed 212 half moon bay black rock 03 9598 4230 fish on high kicking it old style fish on high is the epitome of the yesteryear fish and chipper complete with chiko rolls pickled onions seafood sticks and burgers of all stripes 844 high street thornbury 03 9484 2668 image thehungrybabushka facebook fish tank fish chippery the kaleidoscopic display of fresh seafood is the drawcard at this upmarket brighton shop but its the end result that really pleases double park the bmw to wait for long line caught australian and new zealand fish and tempting extras such as battered oysters and house made spring rolls 20 church street brighton 03 9592 0697 dlish fish the venue that dares to offer battered mars bars and deep fried nutella balls also offers excellent crunchy chips grab a kilo box for the whole family as well as salt and pepper squid visit dlishfish com au 3 105 beach street port melbourne 03 9646 0660 start planning now find flights top image fish on high see also these 10 melbourne toasties are hot pockets of delicious related content cumulus up restaurant review melbourne cumulus up restaurant review collingwood neighbourhood guide melbourne collingwood neighbourhood guide why melbourne is australias cultural capital this march melbourne why melbourne is australias cultural capital this march supernormal restaurant review melbourne supernormal restaurant review sponsored sponsored see how this business earns more than 700 000 qantas points every year sponsored travel tips see how this business earns more than 700 000 qantas points every year sponsored a locals guide to exploring the real new york sponsored new york a locals guide to exploring the real new york sponsored 15 of the most relaxing glamping experiences in australia sponsored stay 15 of the most relaxing glamping experiences in australia sponsored 4 incredible adventures you can have in europe sponsored adventure 4 incredible adventures you can have in europe share this article you might also like travel inspiration and destination guides plus tips and hacks straight to your inbox subscribe read the march issue of qantas magazine here online now </s>

<s>[INST] buy wood quilt [/INST] rob appell rob appell rob appell rob appell rob appell the surfing quilter portfolio making it fun with rob appell on youtube that s right my brand new video experience is now open for your viewing pleasure make sure you subscribe and be a part of the making it fun new super 60 set rob has just released a new series of templates that work fantastic with all of your favorite 60 degree triangle quilt patterns and many many more order now about me the man behind it all the man behind it all the man behind it all i love teaching people to sew and quilt inspiring creativity is my passion i got my hands on a needle and thread at a very young age and ive always enjoyed making art for the past several years ive been blessed to be a textile designer and quilt educator as the host of man sewing now i teach quilting all around the world my medium the man behind it all the man behind it all i am known for the machine quilted art quilts i have created over the past twenty years but like all artists i often find myself inspired to work in other mediums as well like embroidery knitting wood pen and ink as well as music ive even created a unique quilting tool called the shark applicutter my inspiration the man behind it all my inspiration when im not behind a sewing machine youll find me in my native habitat surfing and hiking on the beautiful california coast im an advocate for wildlife conservation and i also play the guitar many of my quilts are directly influenced by the time i spend in nature and feature landscapes animals and music read more the shark applicutter the shark applicutter slices through fabric like a fin through water making applique easier than ever it began as a passion project for him over five years ago and now his vision has finally come to life heres the story of how the shark applicutter came to be when i began my endangered species project i started using the smallest rotary cutter i could find an 18mm to cut out the tiny fabric shapes these quilts featured an up close and personal portrait of each endangered animal and required a lot of intricate cutting as we all know necessity is the mother of invention so i started using my rotary cutter in a new way holding it like a pen instead of using an overhand grip when i used it this way i could twist and move it more freely but it had a few drawbacks i started teaching my quilting classes with the 18mm rotary cutter but i noticed that many people were struggling to cut with it safely and accurately due to arthritis and other issues as i listened to their concerns i realized that adding a bump like the dorsal fin on a shark would make it safer to use and more accurate that s when i began to design the shark applicutter while i was on a teaching trip in hawaii i found myself sitting on a beach in kona mulling over a few ideas when inspiration struck me i looked over at this chunk of old surfboard sticking out of the sand next to me and suddenly realized that i could use resin to make an amazing handle for the applicutter at the same time i had been working on the rotary cutter handle back home i was also making plastic water bottle spaceships with my son the two projects came together in my mind right there on the beach my son and i had been adding these little plexiglas wings onto water bottles and as i looked at that surfboard i realized i could make a handle from the same materials right when i got home i went right to work creating the first prototype and immediately proved to myself that it worked fantastically now all i needed was a company to help make it i saw a need in the industry for a better tool and a safer tool and i feel really proud of what ive created it took a couple years for everything to come together and by the time i was about ready to sell it at quilt market i began talking to people at missouri star quilt co who helped open the door it has been a five year process to bring the shark applicutter to life and the time just flew by i had been so busy with everything else in my life that i felt like god helped me from start to finish it was such a fun mission for me to take on it has really been a fantastic ride i cant wait to see where it will go from here shark applicutter features fits both 14mm and 18mm blades can be used in either the left or right hand designed for cutting organic shapes without a ruler has the same hardware as most rotary cutters includes a soft grip for comfort the safety fin keeps your finger out of harms way handle can be used as hera marker for creasing fabric when the cap is on of course subscribe social copyright 2018 rob appell designs all rights reserved </s>

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<s>[INST] buy wood mizer [/INST] alternative to a wood mizer back to wood lumber forum forum topic by adamal posted 08 29 2013 10 04 pm 16445 views 1 time favorited 35 replies adamal home projects blog 61 posts in 2678days 08 29 2013 10 04 pm does anyone know of a good way to take advantage of fallen trees without investing large amounts of money for something like a wood mizer ive got a couple of acres surrounded by state park and i often have trees come down walnut and maple mostly id love to find a way to slice them up into maybe 8 4 size and make some sawdust thanks 35 replies so far dallas home projects blog 3599 posts in 3164days 1 posted 08 29 2013 10 15 pm chainsaw mill improvise adapt overcome crank49 home projects blog 4032 posts in 3648days 2 posted 08 29 2013 10 35 pm woodgears ca has a set of plans for a diy version of a wood mizer a chainsaw mill is not cheap takes a large powerful chainsaw and is s l o w google home made saw mill for some interesting options and entertainment post oakie home projects blog 84 posts in 2831days 3 posted 08 29 2013 10 43 pm you might do a search for custom sawyers like me ive got a norwood portable sawmill that i take to customers locations check your states forest products association for sawmills ill go with dallas on this one chainsaw mills are a good option but either way youll get sawdust in your veins it will start out needing bigger chain saws and progress to tractors on to your own sawmill at least thats what happened to me yes they are slower than band saw mills but if you have just a few logs they are a good option where are you located good judgement comes from experience experience comes from bad judgement dhazelton home projects blog 2839 posts in 2974days 4 posted 08 29 2013 11 32 pm logosol chainsaw mill the kerf is huge so you loose some wood but it is affordable firefighterontheside home projects blog 20905 posts in 2534days 5 posted 08 30 2013 12 07 am i have what is called a haddon lumbermaker it attaches to your chain saw bar and rides on a 2 by4 that you attach to the log its a lot of work cutting lumber this way only use that occasionally now mostly i load up logs on a trailer and take them to a farmer i know with a mizer he charges me very little and loves to talk you might be able to find someone like that bill m people change walnut doesn t by gene loren home projects blog 10477 posts in 4325days 6 posted 08 30 2013 12 15 am if youre going to saw it yourself youre going to have to invest in some equipment the less you invest the harder youll work to do the sawing an old fashioned alternative is buck the trees to board length and split logs in half and then in quarters depending on how wide they are a whole log will crack as it dries but a half or a quarter log has a chance of drying into usable lumber http heartofthewood com riving1 htm gfadvm home projects blog 14940 posts in 3367days 7 posted 08 30 2013 01 40 am im waiting for someone to buy and review the harbor freight bandmill as it is almost in my price range i ll try to be nicer if you ll try to be smarter gfadvm dallas home projects blog 3599 posts in 3164days 8 posted 08 30 2013 01 42 am i agree andy im saving my dimes and nickels so i can buy one improvise adapt overcome shawn masterson home projects blog 1325 posts in 2626days 9 posted 08 30 2013 01 56 am i just checked hf and nothing comes up in the search yrob home projects blog 340 posts in 4330days 10 posted 08 30 2013 02 06 am i can not find that sawmill anywhere on the harbor freight website i wonder if its no longer available probably blew up in somebodys face and they stopped selling it yves gfadvm home projects blog 14940 posts in 3367days 11 posted 08 30 2013 02 09 am i have seen their mill in their online site but cant find it tonight discontinued i ll try to be nicer if you ll try to be smarter gfadvm dallas home projects blog 3599 posts in 3164days 12 posted 08 30 2013 02 09 am shawn i tried a dozen different methods and searchs and cannot get more than 17 items to come up for any search at hf improvise adapt overcome wdhlt15 home projects blog 1819 posts in 3153days 13 posted 08 30 2013 02 12 am the harbor freight bandmill is made in china and is not much more than a toy it will not hold up over the long haul trees are big green heavy green big and heavy you would be much better off hiring a portable sawyer to come in and saw your logs most charge in the 35 bf range that is cheap versus spending thousands on a sawmill unless you plan to saw a lot of lumber on a consistent basis if you are then there are some very good mills out there with proven track records this does not include the chinese knock offs danny located in perry ga forester wood mizer lt40hd35 sawmill nyle l53 dehumidification kiln hamsleyhardwood com yrob home projects blog 340 posts in 4330days 14 posted 08 30 2013 02 18 am i hear you perry i am not a tool snob and have bought quite a few tools from harbor freight like clamps and the like my rule however is that anything that spins fast or could blow in your face i do not dare to buy from harbor freight it seems to me that it is already dangerous enough to use a sawmill or at least potentially dangerous if you do not pay attention you do not want to also have to deal with unexpected catastrophic failures in the middle of cutting a huge tree yves timberwerks home projects blog 371 posts in 3838days 15 posted 08 30 2013 02 45 am as mentioned a chainsaw mill you can easily get it into places where a woodmizer cant low cost large capacity also csm really arent that slow not as fast as a band mill but not slow id also rather have the larger width capacity and be able to mill where the log lays vs loading onto rails it all depends on your budget and equipment needed to do the job https www facebook com pages timberwerks studio 126415221682 view all replies showing 1 through 15 of 35 replies show next 15 replies have your say you must be signed in to reply start new topic view all topics show all forums forum topics woodworking skill share your woodworking skills are displayed for several lifetimes in each project have you had to compromise your project 12816 woodturning on the lathe by the lathe do you have questions frustrations tips this forum is for all the woodturners out there 2634 woodcarving relief 3d chip carving whittling carving knives chisels pocket knives power tools if you are a carver or want 526 scrollsawing intarsia fretwork intricate design cutting and more this forum is for scrollsawers share your tips ask questions 386 joinery have a question a tip strategy to share a challenge perhaps share your joinery discussion here 1705 finishing the finish whether paint wax stain or something else can make or break a project what are your tips and questio 5896 designing woodworking projects looking for information on designing your projects having difficulties reading project plans looking for help with 7501 power tools hardware and accessories 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<s>[INST] fishing rod company names [/INST] hood river s luhr jensen sons decides to cut bait january 31 2006 written by published in 2006 archives 1 comment a story of the one that got away by dan sadowsky from his desk phil jensen can look out across the columbia river to the very spot where he and his father cast for salmon in the 1940s behind him sit bookshelves chock full of random bric a brac a plastic mr peanut figurine a 1950s yashica camera a cigarette lighter adorned with the image of mao tse tung each item says the nostalgic president of fishing gear manufacturer luhr jensen sons holds a cherished memory soon his familys 74 year old hood river company will be but a memory too in a blow to hood rivers improving economy and to a certain extent its pride jensen last fall sold his fishing lure business and its brand names to the worlds leading luremaker the finnish company rapala which in june will start making luhr jensen lures in a four story concrete factory in southern china hood river will lose about 140 jobs roughly one tenth of the regions manufacturing positions and the most layoffs by any local company since golden northwest aluminum shuttered two smelters in 2001 for the first time since 1932 when a 45 year old angler started handstamping metal lures in a backyard chicken coop a brand synonymous with hood river will no longer be produced here phil jensen a spry athletic looking man with the garrulity of a salesman says he sold the 9 million company because hes turning 70 in july and didnt have the stomach to do what he says is required to stay competitive make his products overseas to see luhr jensen products made in china would be an abdication of what luhr jensen is an american fishing tackle manufacturing company he says in fact a quarter of the companys lures have been fabricated in mexico since 1990 and jensen has visited china several times since 1998 to explore possible manufacturing partnerships but ultimately he says i really didnt want to be the architect of just another marketing company of offshore product instead he will let another company move jobs to china and continue a trend that has swept through the u s fishing tackle industry over the past 15 years according to the american sportfishing association jensen gets worked up over the loss of u s manufacturing jobs to china he calls it a national disaster and over the federal excise tax on fishing equipment which he says is applied in a way that unfairly disadvantages domestic manufacturers every day everything ive accomplished in my life is at risk essentially ive taken two thirds of that off the table by cashing out says jensen who still owns several properties and a 3 5 million ayear electric smoker business in hood river county at my age its not fun to be out there playing high stakes with everything youve got how many other oregon manufacturers will face a similar dilemma is anyones guess its hard to say how offshoring has affected the state economy so far says art ayre an oregon employment department economist who has studied the issue but he expects competitive pressures on oregon manufacturers to remain strong state forecasters project a net loss of nearly 9 000 manufacturing jobs in the next six years mostly in wood products computers and electronics hood rivers job loss is more immediate federal dislocatedworker funding currently pays for two full time job counselors to assist luhr jensen employees most of whom earn between 8 and 10 an hour plus benefits and dont have a lot of transferable skills its a significant impact on the county says bill fashing the countys economic development director yet fashing and other local development officials dont see luhr jensens closure as part of any worrisome trend in fact they say the regions overall jobs picture looks bright new boutiques and restaurants continue to open downtown insulating glass fabricator cardinal glass has hired 170 local workers since january 2004 and small industry clusters such as software companies and high tech engineering firms are growing steadily whats more notes regional economist dallas fridley the 60 000 square foot riverfront plant that luhr jensen will vacate presents an opportunity to recruit a light manufacturing business to a city short on industrial property hood river has frankly turned away some small manufacturers because they did not have something ready to offer he says yet no newcomer is likely to match the local horatio alger like tale of luhr jensen an enterprising hood river millworker and traveling salesman who began hand stamping spinners during the depression using dies made from old truck parts word of the wellcrafted lures he produced for himself and his fishing buddies soon spread and his business grew along with sportfishings post war popularity when the elder jensen died in 1972 he left the company to his three sons phil the youngest had become sales manager after graduating from the university of oregon with an economics degree in 1960 and took over as presidentwhen brother dave retired in 1978 phil helped grow luhr jensen sons into one of the leading lure manufacturers in the country by acquiring smaller luremakers and developing a strong following among salmon trout and steelhead fishermen a lot of people knew of hood river because of luhr jensen says john alley owner of mid valley family foods in odell and a past president of the hood river chamber of commerce it hurts to see a long term company known throughout the world go away jensen skims over his own hurt saying he feels sadder for the workers he must let go than for himself for a man who revels in the past he is most animated when discussing his own future learning spanish and portuguese to better enjoy his regular amazon river fishing jaunts restoring one of his dads old buildings to house his sundry collections and expanding the only part of the business he didnt sell the 20 person smoker products division based in nearby oak grove he concedes that were he two or three decades younger hed relish the challenge of piloting luhr jensen along the hazardous shoals of the global manufacturing economy but at 69 phil jensens ready to let go of the wheel latest from 100 best companies merchandise advertise print advertising specifications 100 best companies logos 100 best fan favorite destinations in oregon for 2020 are announced tweet font size decrease font size increase font size print email 1 2 3 4 5 0 votes more in this category go figure the meaning behind oregon s unemployment oregon business survey 1 comment gary richardson thursday 18 january 2018 14 37 comment link hi my name is gary and i am writing about something a little bit out of the ordinary i have a friend who s grandfather actually invented the mooselook wobbler a lure you folks now own i believe i would tell my friend john to bring in what he has and i would make a display for him to hang up in his barbershop he then told me he would like to know if luhr jensen would be interested in the history of the lure or anything like that he is not looking for money more along the lines of his grandfather getting recognition for the mooselook he has an interesting story about its origin if i didn t write this letter he probably never would so i thought i d drop a line to see if you folks had any interest in the lures origin i knew it could be traced back to a small company in massachusetts and thats when he told me his about his grandfather if you have an interest i will give you my name and address etc below and let him know if there is a response have a good day gary richardson leave a comment our latest issue state of grapes in for the long ride the 2020 100 best companies to work for in oregon big enough to fail opening doors opinion all hands on deck to solve housing crisis more from march 2020 events photos 100 best companies celebration video cyber security for manufacturers photos 100 best nonprofits to work for in oregon 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<s>[INST] types of coal mining equipment [/INST] key technologies and equipment for a fully mechanized top coal caving operation with a large mining height at ultra thick coal seams authors authors and affiliations jinhuawang binyu hongpukang guofawang debingmao yuntaoliang pengfeijiang open access research article first online 21 july 2015 5 2k downloads 25 citations abstract thick and ultra thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in chinese coal mines which accounts for 44 of the total minable coal reserve a fully mechanized top coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra thick coal seams the coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14m thick were extensively used in china however for coal seams with thickness greater than 14m there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio to deal with this case china coal technology engineering group datong coal mine group and other 15 organizations in china launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14m after the completion of the project a coal extraction method was developed for top coal caving with a large mining height as well as a ground control theory for ultra thick coal seams in addition the mining technology for top coal caving with a large mining height the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross section and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied furthermore a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5 2m a shearer with high reliability and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the no 8105 coal face in the tashan coal mine datong china the major achievements of the project are summarized as follows 1 a top coal caving method for ultra thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5m and a top coal caving height of 15m a structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam articulated rock beam is established based on the model the load resistance of the hydraulic support with a large mining height for top coal caving method is determined with the analysis the movement characteristics of the top coal and above strata are evaluated during top coal caving operation at the coal face with a large mining height furthermore there is successful development of comprehensive technologies for preventing and controlling spalling of the coal wall and the top coal caving technology with high efficiency and high recovery at the top coal caving face with a large mining height this means that the technologies developed have overcome the difficulties in strata control top coal caving with high efficiency and high coal recovery and enabled to achieve a production rate of more than 10 mtpa at a single top coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra thick coal seams 2 a hydraulic support with 5 2m supporting height and anti rockburst capacity a shearer with high reliability a scraper conveyor with a large power at the back of face and a large load and long distance headgate belt conveyor have been successfully developed for a top coal caving face with large mining height the study has developed the key technologies for improving the reliability of equipment at the coal face and has overcome the challenges in equipping the top coal caving face with a large mining height in ultra thick coal seams 3 the deformation characteristics of a large cross section roadway in ultra thick coal seams are discovered based on the findings above a series of bolt materials with a high yielding strength of 500830mpa and a high extension ratio and cable bolt material with a 119 structure large tonnage and high extension ratio are developed in addition in order to achieve a safe roadway and a fast face advance installation equipment for high pre tension bolt is developed to solve the problems with the support of roadway in coal seams for top coal caving operation with a large mining height 4 the characteristics of gas distribution and uneven emission at top coal caving face with large mining height in ultra thick coal seams are evaluated with the application of the technologies of gas drainage in the roof the difficulties in gas control for high intensive top coal caving mining operations known as low gas content high gas emission are solved in addition large flow rate underground mobile equipment for making nitrogen are developed to solve the problems with fire prevention and safe mining at a top coal caving face with large mining height and production rate of more than 10 mtpa a case study to apply the developed technologies has been conducted at the no 8105 face the tashan coal mine in datong china the case study demonstrates that the three units of equipment i e the support shearer and scraper conveyor are rationally equipped average equipment usage at the coal face is 92 1 the coal recovery ratio at the coal face is up to 88 9 in 2011 the coal production at the no 8105 face reached 10 849 mtpa exceeding the target of 10 mtpa for a top coal caving operation with large mining height performed by chinese made mining equipment the technologies and equipment developed provide a way for extracting ultra thick coal seams currently the technologies and equipment are used in 13 mining areas in china including datong pingshuo shendong and xinjiang with the exploitation of coal resources in western china there is great potential for the application of the technologies and equipment developed keywords ultra thick coal seams top coal caving mining large mining height mining method mining equipment roadway support safety guarantee 1 introduction in china there is approximately 1341 bt of proven coal resource including 279 58 bt of basic coal resource for coal mine construction among them coal resource in thick coal seams accounts for 44 of the total available the annual underground coal production from thick coal seams exceeds 45 of total coal production since the eighties in the last century there have been many research projects focusing on mechanical coal extraction from thick coal seams the mining technologies and systems for thick and ultra thick coal seams have been gradually developed in china until recently there have been three major mechanical mining methods for thick coal seams i e a fully mechanized longwall top coal caving mining method thereafter ltcc mining method a fully mechanized sub level coal mining method and a fully mechanized mining with a large mining height method there are some limitations with the fully mechanized sub level coal mining method including the thickness variation of coal seams spontaneous combustion unit mining cost and efficiency due to the low production efficiency qian and shi 2003 wang 2005 2006a mao and yao 2010 wang 2010a the fully mechanized sub level coal mining method is currently replaced by the other two mining methods compared with the fully mechanized sub level coal mining method the fully mechanized coal mining with a large mining height method can reduce the amount of roadway development mitigate the tension between mining and development and simplify the mining process with the progress of mining technologies and equipment in china the fully mechanized coal mining with a large mining height method has seen widely used yan and yin 2008 yan 2009 yan et al 2011 and has achieved significant mining profit and coal recovery the method is only applicable to the coal seams of low dip relative stable and good roof conditions and is also limited by the shearers cutting height and coal wall spalling for this reason the mining height for one mining pass is 7 0m wang et al 2012 and cannot meet the requirement for safe and efficient mining in ultra thick coal seams above 7m in terms of ultra thick coal seams above 7m the top coal caving mining method is the first choice for coal seams with thicknesses ranging from 7 to 14m the top coal caving mining method can be applied as the technologies and the equipment are well established and manufactured in order to achieve safe and efficient coal extraction in ultra thick coal seams with thicknesses ranging from 14 to 20m the authors propose a fully mechanized large mining height longwall top coal caving mining method thereafter lltcc mining method developed a full range of technologies and equipment for a lltcc mining operation the technologies and equipment developed have been successfully applied in the tashan coal mine in datong china and has achieved a production of 10 mtpa at a lltcc mining operation in the ultra thick coal seam in the early twentieth century the top coal caving mining method was applied at steep seams in france spain and former yugoslavia due to the low mechanical levels in mining the method was actually an alternative of the high caving mining method which was only used as a special mining method under complex geological conditions at the end of forties and early fifties of the twentieth century the top coal caving mining method was used to extract the thick coal seams in the former soviet union france and former yugoslavia with the progress of hydraulic support technology the fully mechanized top coal caving technology was improved and successfully applied in some countries in the late eighties of the last century the top coal caving technology was not widely applied and its potential was not fully achieved due to the competition from other energy industries the changes of social and political systems and no solutions for the difficulties of its application in difficult geological conditions up to 1992 fully mechanized top coal caving faces had been stopped in all countries with the last site in russia by that time china was the only country using the ltcc mining method to extract coal from thick coal seams wang 2009 currently china is a world leader in developing and conducting the ltcc mining technology which results in several large safe high production rate and high efficiency mining areas including luan yanzhou yangquan and suozhou fan et al 2003 wang 2011 in recent years with the development of the ltcc mining technology in china the technology and equipment is starting to be introduced in some other countries such as australia and is successfully used in underground coal mines although china was late to develop and apply top coal caving mining technology its development and applications are progressing very fast showing significant economic potential and attracting attentions from other countries in china the top coal caving mining method means the fully mechanized longwall top coal caving mining method a longwall panel is laid out at the bottom of the thick coal seam and extracted using a fully mechanized longwall mining method at the same time the remaining coal above the longwall face are fractured by ground stress and strain manually fractured in some special cases and caved through the sliding window at the support canopies into an additional scraper conveyor and then transported out of the working face there are approximately four stages for the development of ltcc technology in china 1 1 stage 1 exploration stage 19821990 since 1982 the ltcc technology has been introduced and investigated in china in 1984 the first industrial trial of the technology at a gentle inclined seam was conducted at northern area 3 in puhe mine shenyang province china yan and fu 2003 due to the problems with support design and equipment and lack of experience in production management the trial was not successful however the subsequent trials at steep inclined coal seams in the no 2 mine of yaojie meihekou mine of liaoyuan and liudaowan mine in urumqi china were all successful up until 1990 although the trials on the technology at gentle inclined coal seams continued in northeastern china and pingdingshan there were no breakthroughs in the second half of 1990 the ltcc face 8603 at the no 1 coal mine in yangquan produced 140 000 t m doubling the production from a sub level coal face and exceeded 80 of coal recovery from the face the dip of the ltcc face was 37 the thickness was 6m and the face width was 120m the trial at yangquan found a way to achieve high production high efficiency at a ltcc face demonstrated the potential with ltcc technology and laid a solid foundation for the development of ltcc technology the feasibility of high production capacity and high efficiency of the technology has been proven at this stage 1 2 stage 2 gradual maturation 19901995 the key achievement at this stage was that the ltcc face at xinglongzhuang mine in yanzhou china reached the high production of 3 mtpa in addition there was a breakthrough for ltcc technology at three soft coal seams large dip coal seams approximately 30 and high gassy coal seams which will enable a wide application of the technology in china at this stage the ltcc technology developed quickly and made some coal mining companies in china realize that the ltcc technology was a technological step change for the coal mining industry in addition the research and studies were very active in the areas of ground control support strata relationship cavability of top coal and methods of top coal caving which provided various theories and practices 1 3 stage 3 technical maturation and promotion 19952005 due to the huge technical advantages demonstrated ltcc technology has attracted great attention from mining companies in china also with the removal of some technical difficulties in using ltcc technology ltcc technology was widely and quickly applied in the coal mining industry in china in 1995 ltcc technology was selected as one of five key technologies for further research and promotion during the period of the ninth five year national economic plan by the ministry of china coal industry several major technical issues associated with the ltcc mining method were named as key topics for research furthermore in 1997 china national nature science foundation launched a research project of basic study of whole seam coal extraction in thick coal seams various achievements were obtained at this stage in some coal mines that meet appropriate geological conditions i e simple geological conditions large coal reserves fewer natural hazards 69m coal seams and medium hard coals the annual coal production and profit at ltcc faces increased substantially for instance in 1997 the coal production rate at the ltcc face in dongtan mine in yanzhou china achieved 4 1 mtpa and 208 t manpower in 1998 at the same face the coal production rate reached 5 4 mtpa and the manpower efficiency was at 235 t manpower which was regarded as a world level in that time in addition at this stage the ltcc technology was developed to extract some difficult coal seams such as three soft two hard large dip high gassy spontaneous combustion prone and ultra thin seams etc the various technologies were obtained from the above development during the period of the tenth five year national economic plan a project called the research and experiment on ltcc technology and equipment with a production capacity of 6 mtpa was completed in yanzhou china the study enabled a higher than 6 mtpa production rate of the ltcc face for six consequent years which showed that ltcc technology in china had reached a new high level 1 4 stage 4 improvement 2005 to present in 2005 during the study of safe and high efficiency mining technologies for high gassy ultra thick coal seams the causes of problems that stagnated the production of high gassy ltcc faces were analyzed in addition the feasibility of further increasing the coal cutting height was investigated for coal extraction using ltcc technology at ultra thick coal faces in 2006 li et al 2006 presented some characteristics and potential of designing top coal caving hydraulic support with large mining heights in terms of equipment capacities lu et al 2006 conducted a study on a complete set of mining equipment with a cutting height of 3 5m currently in order to overcome the difficulties in mining high gassy and ultra thick coal seams some mining companies in china such as tunliu mine and wangzhuang mine of luan group and tashan mine of datong group conducted various ltcc mining experiments with large mining heights and studies on the ground control at ltcc faces because ltcc mining technology with large mining height is a new coal mining method however there is still a lack of related theories and studies for instance the applicable conditions for a large mining height ltcc mining operation the movement of the top coal and the roof strata stress distribution around the face and a complete set of equipment for a large mining height ltcc face in terms of ltcc mining operations the characteristics of ground pressure the movement of the top coal and roof strata and the relationship between the support and surrounding rock are the main topics they are also the main criteria for the selection of face equipment mining parameters and support parameters the studies on ground pressure and the movement of the top coal and roof strata are limited in countries other than china limited literatures exist that describe top coal movement and top coal cavability hu 1995 while there is less description on roof structure face pressure and roof control etc since the application of ltcc technology there have been many studies on the movement characteristics of overlying strata which has resulted in a large amount of achievements kang lijun kang 1990 1995 1996 1998 1999 kang and qi 1998 kang et al 1998 1999 divided the roof movement into two stages the non complete extraction stage and the complete extraction stage at the non complete extraction stage the periodic pressure from the main roof is mainly caused by the combination impact or individual impact from the broken cantilever beam roof in the irregular caving zone and the broken or overturned overlying beam roof fixed at the two ends but at the complete extraction stage the periodical pressure from the main roof is mainly caused by the periodical broken overturn and unstable arch beam roof in the regular caving zone the strength of periodic pressure at the non complete extraction stage is higher than that at the complete extraction stage a case study on the roof movement of a ltcc face at the no 4mine in yangquan china further described the roof movement at the two stages kang et al 1997 based on the movement characteristics of overlying strata at the ltcc face yan 1996 introduced a mechanical theory of limited deformation and proposed a balance structure of macro continuous compressed arch beam of overlying strata at the upper location deng guangzhe et al from the xian mining institute deng 1994 investigated the characteristics of arch structure of overlying strata movement and ground control law based on the observation and measurement at ltcc face and the analysis of 3d analogue modelling using mechanical analysis of the shell structure the arch structure of the overlying strata at ltcc face was preliminarily analyzed the analysis concluded that the formation of the arch structure at overlying strata relies on some external conditions when there are no stable skewbacks the arch structure becomes unstable the caving of the arch structure of strata shows an abruptness zhang 1999 believe that after the immediate roof caved an unstable arch similarly structure may be formed within 1 01 2 times of mining height above the coal face and its stability is random on the other hand after the caving of the immediate roof above the unstable range a stable arch similarly structure may be formed due to limited space this type of arch similarly structure may be formed and caved with the advance of the coal face resulting in periodical ground pressure jiang fuxing et al proposed a concept of spatial structure of the overlying strata based on the different mining boundaries at different mining areas the main roof and overlying strata may form four types of 3d structures after caving including type o s and c the spatial structure type of overlying strata in mining regions or mines is initially determined by design and then varies with the mining operation it is determined by roof property buried depth coal pillars between the working face and the mining area and fault protection pillars in addition it varies at different mining stages ma 2005 jiang 1995 2006 wang 2006b hou et al 2009 liu 2010 in terms of the movement characteristics of overlying thick hard strata shi hong shi 2005 shi and jiang 2004 2005 shi et al 2005 regard the hard strata as a simple beam fixed at two ends structural model and analyzed the broken characteristics of thick hard strata before the initial fracture of the main roof using the stress distribution in the strata shi hong et al proposed a mechanical criterion for three broken modes of thick hard rock and predicted the initial fracture and the ground pressure interval of the main roof based on the elastic plate and articulated plate mechanical model jia xirong of taiyuan university of technology et al jia et al 1998 extended the ground pressure calculation method in medium thick coal seams into the calculation of ground pressure at ltcc face roof according to the structural properties of roof strata and mining conditions the strata with no self support capability after fracture no self support strata are defined as immediate roof the strata with support structure but without sufficient self support capability after fracture transition strata are defined as main roof the strata with self support capability after fracture complete support strata are defined as roof overlying strata in addition they presented the basic assessment criteria for complete support strata transition strata and no self support strata xie guangxiang xie 2005 2006 xie and luo 2005 xie et al 2006a b 2007a b 2009 believe that there is a stress shell composed of high stress beams in the surrounding rock space of mines the maximum principal stress in the stress shell is greater than the principal stress in the strata inside and outside the stress shell the stress shell bears and transfers the load and pressure from the overlying rock and is a major support body while the main roof bears only partial load based on the findings on the stress shell and its mechanical properties the 3d mechanical properties of the surrounding rock at ltcc faces were found including the effect of mining height the mechanism of pillar width and the response of advance rate furthermore the mechanical properties of ground pressure abate and the mechanisms of dynamic hazard mitigation were obtained some researchers have completed various studies on the theory of ground control and the law of roof movement at ltcc face buddery and oldroyd 1992 zhang 1995 wu 1998 wang et al 2001 yasitli and unver 2005 ren 2005 liu et al 2006 nan et al 2008 liu and huang 2009 xie and zhao 2009a b altounyan and taljaard 2001 alehossein and poulsen 2010 chen et al 2010 miao and lai 2011 yu et al 2011 zhang et al 2011 including seismic monitoring liu 2008a b kong et al 2009 2010a b c analogous material kang et al 2007a b numerical modelling wang et al 2007 zhu and yan 2011 theoretical analysis meng 2007 yang 2007 fu 2008 wu 2008 zhang and liu 2008 zhou and su 2008 li and xu 2009 shi et al 2009 xing et al 2009 liu 2010 meng et al 2010 wang 2010b and site observations cheng 2008 duan et al 2008 liu 2008a b su 2008 song et al 2010 the research results above are all based on the characteristics of ground pressure and the models of beam archand shell in addition theoretical analysis and analogous numerical modelling were used to establish the model of overlying strata structure subsequently the models were validated on site as a stable structure is formed in the strata at higher locations its deformation and fracture will not affect or have little effect on the ground pressure at working face although there are some differences in studying methods and aspects the ultimate purposes of the models derived are to explain the ground pressure during the ltcc operation and maintain a high efficient safe production in recent years however the strong ground pressure at a large mining height ltcc face in ultra thick coal seam cannot be explained by previous experiences and knowledge accumulated at a normal ltcc face therefore based on the ltcc operation in ultra thick coal seam of more than 14 m this paper proposes a cantilever beam articulated rock beam structural model based on the model proposed the resistance force of support was calculated and the top coal and roof movement were monitored and analyzed in the study on the relationship between support and surrounding rock to overcome the difference between the actual measurement and the traditional theory qian minggao liu 1996 qian et al 1996a b liu et al 2002 regarded the key blocks of the voussoir beam as the top boundary condition of the immediate roof and believed that the support resistance force is mainly from the pressure of loose blocks and the deformation pressure of overturned blocks caused by the sr movement of the voussoir beam the deformation of immediate roof results in the overturned deformation load of the immediate roof inserted by the voussoir beam absorbed by the fractured immediate roof including top coal and the non existence of double curve relationship in the p l relationship based on the mechanical properties and effect of various components in the support and surrounding rock system the mechanical model of support and surrounding rock was established and provided a basis for further investigation on the relationship between the support and surrounding rock with the development of ltcc technology the comprehensive mechanical model for ltcc mining face has been greatly improved liu changyou et al used site observation finite element numerical calculation and the analogous material modelling method to investigate the comprehensive mechanical properties of the immediate roof and their effect on the relationship between support and surrounding rock by considering the immediate roof as a variable body the characteristics of deformation and fracture of the immediate roof and the structural mechanical and stiffness properties of the immediate roof were studied they proposed that the load of the immediate roof is regionalized and provided a calculation method for the stiffness of the immediate roof in addition based on the stiffness characteristics of the immediate roof with a rectangle shape face the immediate roof is divided into three categories as stiffness similar zero stiffness and medium stiffness when the immediate roof stiffness is zero the support is in the status of a given load or a limited load when the immediate roof is in a stiffness similar status the support is in a given deformation status when the immediate roof is in a medium stiffness status the p l curve shows a typical double curve relationship when the immediate roof is in a zero stiffness status the rational resistance force of support is mainly determined by its effect on the stability of the face ends the thickness variation of the immediate roof including top coal also affects the load bearing capacity of the immediate roof cao changsheng et al liu et al 1997 2002 cao and liu 1997 cao et al 1998 1999 cao et al 1999 presented a concept on the critical thickness of the immediate roof and believed that the p l double curve flattens when the immediate roof thickness exceeds a critical thickness in other words the variations of support resistance and main roof overturn angles have little effect on the roof subsidence shi yuanwei et al kang et al 1991 shi and chen 1993 shi et al 1993 presented and analyzed the critical thickness of the immediate roof and its effecting factors they state that when critical thickness is greater than actual thickness or when the immediate roof in front of the face enters a plastic zone the immediate roof would lose its load bearing capacity after it enters the roof control zone therefore the mechanical relationship of support and surrounding rock will show a variation in contrast the immediate roof will maintain a certain deformation capacity fang 2002 simulated the effect on the roof stability at face ends by support type using discrete element software and believes that under soft coals the critical issue is to control the distance from the support tip to the coal wall which must be controlled within the distance limit under the conditions of medium hard coals the constraint distance from the support tip to coal wall is relatively large and thus there will be a rational arrangement for the tip to wall distance and support resistance force for hard coals the study focus should be on improving the top coal caving ability in the study on the mechanical relationship of support and surrounding rock in a soft coal extraction huang 2002 found that the increase of support resistance can reduce the tensile stress range in the top coal between support tip and coal wall increase the self support capacity from the top coal between support tip and coal wall and suppress the movement and fracture of top coals nevertheless the increase of support resistance has a limited effect on the improvement of subsidence of unsupported zone between the support tip and coal wall jin et al 2002 state that under the condition of hard roof and hard coal the ltcc face shows the characteristics of hard roof and demonstrates the characteristics of top coal cushion effect at ltcc face the rational support resistance force should be based on the cantilever beam model with a modification by the coefficient of cushion effect wu jian et al wu and yan 1995 wu and fu 1998 wu and zhang 2001 suggest that the traditional ground control theory could not explain the interaction relationship between the support and surrounding rock the key support parameters in the support and surrounding rock relationship includes the vertical support force the horizontal support force the distance between the supporting point of resultant force and the coal wall and the distance between the support tip and coal wall there are obvious effects from these parameters sometimes obvious only when they interact yang et al 2009 state that the key to the interaction system of the support and surrounding rock is the interaction between the support and top coal under hard coal conditions the overturn of the immediate roof is affected by the support and top coal system and the turning angle of the lower strata is less than the turning angle of the main roof under the medium hard coals and soft coals the immediate roof can equally transfer the overturn deformation of the main roof to top coals and the support system with the consideration of the immediate roof as the top boundary of support top coal systems the mechanical model for two leg shield support and surrounding rock can be established the studies on the relationship between roof support and surrounding rock provide theories for the design and selection of ltcc roof support the improvement of support surrounding rock status and effective roof control including top coals in this paper based on the relationship between roof support and surrounding rock the authors propose a 3d dynamic optimal design method with hydraulic support and surrounding rock coupling and subsequently the determination of the working resistance of hydraulic support at the no 8105 coal face in tashan mine in datong china and test on site in terms of the study on mining equipment for ltcc operation the improvement of the production rate at a fully mechanized coal face mainly depends on the increase of longwall width and shear cutting depth fast advance and the extension of applicable range in particular the application of electromechanical heavy equipment enables the increase of the production rate including high powered electric traction shearer large capacity conveyor electric hydraulic controlled hydraulic support non stop self moving stage loader and conveyor end and high voltage power supply for face equipment currently the mining equipment manufactured in china for the fully mechanized longwall face and the ltcc face can meet the requirements and demands for high production and high efficiency in the chinese coal industry in the early years china imported a large amount of shearers including chain haulage type and hydraulic haulage type since the 1970s china has started to manufacture shearers in the eighties the hydraulic haulage shearers met the requirements for extracting coal seams with heights from 1 5 to 4 5m in addition the difficulties in integrating all mining equipment had been overcome there were about 50 types of shearers up to the 1990s large power hydraulic haulage shearer developed in china has gone into mass production furthermore the high performance electric haulage shearer had been developed and is currently at an advanced level in the world with a cutting height of 5 5m in china the application of large power electric haulage shearers enables the increase of coal production at a fully mechanized face from 1 mtpa to 4 mtpa or even 10 mtpa currently several series of electric haulage shearers are manufactured in china in addition the electric shearers are equipped with intelligent monitoring control and protection systems and applied with information processing and sensor technologies to achieve electro mechanization top coal caving hydraulic support is a key equipment for ltcc operations during the last 20years top coal caving hydraulic support was gradually developed from high position top coal caving support middle position top coal caving support to low position top coal caving support currently the low position top coal caving support is widely used which is a chock shield hydraulic support with positive four link bar reverse four link bar and single swing link bar in terms of the scraper conveyor there has been significant improvement every 10years in china in the 1980s there were various types of scraper conveyors with two series of chute width of 730mm and 764mm in 1994 the sgz880 800 cross side unloading scraper conveyor with an entirely cast welded chute was developed by the taiyuan branch of china coal research institute and northwestern mining equipment manufactory which had a capacity of 7000 t d during the same period zhangjiakou mining equipment manufactory introduced some casting and processing equipment and manufactured scraper conveyors with entirely cast welding chutes during the period of the ninth five year national economic plan with the cooperation of zhangjiakou and northwestern coal mining equipment manufactory using cad technology the taiyuan branch of china coal research institute developed the first scraper conveyors for ltcc face with retractable end chain adjusting device they were the sgz960 750 front scraper conveyor and the sgz900 750 rear scraper conveyor and also stage loader and crusher the equipment developed met the requirements from yankuang group for a coal production of 10 00013 000 t d during the period of the tenth five year national economic plan yankuang group the taiyuan branch of china coal research institute and northwestern benniu group jointly developed the sgz1000 1200 and the sgz1200 1400 long distance high reliability front scraper conveyor and rear scraper conveyor currently the sfz1200 1400 long distance high reliable rear scraper conveyor is an ultra heavy scraper conveyor for ltcc faces which is characterized by its highest power level widest chute and longest length furthermore it integrated various advanced technologies including automatic extension of the conveyor end hydraulic motor chain tensioner speed adjustment hydraulic coupler and compact chain in the 1990s its main specifications reached an advanced level accepted worldwide the sgz1000 1200 front scraper conveyor is currently the largest front scraper conveyor and can be integrated with various powerful shearers and hydraulic supports its installed power is 2600kw the development of the sgz1000 1200 and the sgz1200 1400 scraper conveyors enables not only the technical advance in scraper conveyor technology but also in ltcc technology in order to promote the development of large mining height ltcc technology and equipment for ultra thick coal seams and to achieve safe high efficiency and high recovery mining of ultra thick coal seams in 2008 the ministry of science and technology of china launched a significant r d project called the study of large mining height ltcc technology and equipment the project was supported by the national science and technology plan with 1420m thick coal seams the project has developed a large mining height ltcc mining method lltcc mining method a complete set of mining equipment roadway drivage and support technology and equipment and mine safety warrant technology and equipment wang 2013a b in 2011 the technologies and equipment developed were tested at the no 8105 coal face of tashan mine in datong china with a production of 1 0849 mtpa the success of the project marked a new level for large mining height ltcc technology and equipment for ultra thick coal seams in china in this paper the major research achievements case studies and technical economical results from this project are presented 2 geological and mining conditions at the tashan coal mine 2 1 brief description of the mine the tashan coal mine is a large modern coal mine in datong extracting the coals from permo carboniferous system in the datong coal field the mine is located at the middle edge of eastern datong coal field in shanxi province china fig 1 the strike length of the mine is 24 3km the dip width is 11 7km and the total area is 170 9km 2 the mine extracts five coal seams including seam 2 3 4 5 and 8 the mine has 5070 mt of geological coal reserve 4760 mt of industrial coal reserve and 3070 mt of mineable coal reserve in 2007 the mine had a nominal production capacity of 1 5 mtpa and a life of 140years open image in new window fig 1 locality of tashan coal mine 2 2 geological conditions of the mine the main coal seams extracted at tashan coal mine are coal seam 35 their buried depth ranges from 347 to 447m average seam thickness is 16 8m and maximum is 20m and average seam dip is 4 the protodyakonov coefficient f of the coal seams ranges from 2 7 to 13 7 there are 414 plies partings and their lithologies consist of grey brown kaolinite kaolinitic mudstone grey and black carbonaceous mudstone sandy mudstone and locally dark grey siltstone the top of coal seam 35 is a 0 33m thick false roof of grey black carbonaceous mudstone the top part of the immediate roof consists of brown grey kaolinitic mudstone magmatic rock and the seam 2 the middle part of the immediate roof is composed of shed coal and silicified coal the bottom part consists of grey black carbonaceous mudstone kaolinite and magmatic rock the thickness of the immediate roof ranges from 2 4 to 6 3m from top to bottom the upper roof consists of seam 4 magmatic rock silicified coal siltstone fine sandstone kaolinitic mudstone and sandy mudstone the thickness of the upper roof varies from 11 31 to 27 36m the immediate floor consists of grey brown kaolinitic mudstone and sandy mudstone it is brittle fragile and contains coal bits the lower floor is dark grey siltstone with local fine sandstone the length of the no 8105 lltcc face is 207m the face is affected by igneous rock thus there are some metamorphism and silicification in the seam 3 5 the seam structure is complex the coal with metamorphism and silicification is hard broken and with well developed cleats mixed coal is lose and fragile a lower coal seam is stable and hard and forms a structure like a sandwich shown in fig 2 open image in new window fig 2 the upper seam structure at no 8105 working face the relative gas emission at coal seam 35 in tashan coal mine is 1 95m 3 t which is classified as a low gas mine however the coal dust has the possibility of a dust explosion with an explosion index of 37 the period of spontaneous combustion is 68 days there is no high temperature heat hazard area the geothermal gradient is 2 41c 100m 2 3 geotechnical measurement and analysis of coal and rock masses in order to fully understand the geotechnical properties of the surrounding rock the measurement of geotechnical properties was systematically and comprehensively conducted including the underground measurement of ground stress rock strength test and rock structure observations the measurement contents are listed in table 1 table1 geotechnical measurement of surrounding rock at tashan coal mine order number measurement contents measurement instrument number of measurement points 1 ground stress syy 56 ground stress monitor with hydraulic fracture 3 holes 2 rock strength wqcz 56 measurement instrument of rock strength 8 holes 3 rock structure kdvj 400 borehole camera 13 holes 2 3 1 measurement results of in situ stresses using the hydraulic fracturing method the in situ stress of rock in the roof of the seam 35 at tashan coal mine was measured the measurement results are shown in table 2 these results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress is greater than the vertical principal stress the type of stress field is the h v h type therefore the stress field tested is mainly a structural stress field and maximum horizontal principal stress is the principal stress table2 test results of ground stress order number roadway name buried depth m vertical stress mpa maximum horizontal principal stress mpa minimum horizontal principal stress mpa direction of maximum horizontal principal stress 1 1070 auxiliary transport roadway 467 11 44 12 00 6 40 n26 7e 2 5102 gate road 467 11 44 12 40 8 22 n24 8e 3 2102 gate road 467 11 44 12 90 7 24 n19 0e 2 3 2 test results of surrounding rock strength the surrounding rock strength was directly measured in the borehole underground using the wqcz 56 instrument there were eight boreholes at four test stations including four roof holes and four wall holes figures 3 and 4 show the test results in the no 2102 roadway that was the closest station to the no 8105 working face open image in new window fig 3 test results of surrounding rock strength at roof of no 2102 roadway open image in new window fig 4 test results of surrounding rock strength at wall of no 2102 roadway the test station was located in the no 2102 roadway and 500m away from the intersection of the no 2102 roadway and the no 1070 return airway at this location the roof holes and wall holes were all in coal seams and the coal strength was measured in detail a 0 4m fractured zone at roof holes was ignored and thus the maximum strength of the coal was 17 85mpa the minimum was 7 65mpa and the average was 12 43mpa the average coal strength in wall holes was 13 43mpa 2 3 3 observations of the surrounding rock structure the development of cleavage and fracture of the surrounding rock was directly observed in the boreholes underground using a kdvj 400 borehole camera the observations of 13 boreholes demonstrated that the cleavage and fracture in the top coal and immediate roof at the tashan coal mine were well developed in addition there were various degree of layer separation at shallow roof strata and there was a trend to extend the layer separation into the upper strata figure 5 shows the photos of cleavage and fracture in boreholes open image in new window fig 5 typical photos inside boreholes at roof of roadway in tashan coalmine 3 mining method and ground control technology for lltcc operation in ultra thick coal seams 3 1 lltcc in ultra thick coal seams in a conventional fully mechanized top coal caving longwall face the coal cutting height is normally 3 03 5m based on the rule of cutting to caving ratio 1 3 the conventional top coal caving height is 910 5m in other words the maximum thickness of coal extraction is 1214m in terms of ultra thick coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14m if the cutting height remains as 3 03 5m there will be many problems for instance the cutting to caving ratio will be too low 1 4 7 if cutting height is 3 5m in a 20m thick coal seam it would be difficult to cave top coals and the coal recovery will be low at the same time the increase of coal production will result in the increase of gas emission and the difficulties in removing gas due to limited cross section area at the coal face in order to overcome the problems mentioned above the authors propose a lltcc mining method that is to increase the coal cutting height to 5m the top coal caving height to 15m and the total coal extraction height to 20m shown in fig 6 the lltcc mining method involves a large coal cutting height a large coal caving height and a large extraction space that will result in some additional problems including coal wall spalling difficulties in top coal caving and strong ground pressure those problems require comprehensive in depth and systematic research and testing open image in new window fig 6 lltcc mining method in ultra thick coal seam 3 2 3d spatial structural model of the roof in lltcc mining because of the large thickness of the coal seam extracted through lltcc mining in ultra thick coal seams the range of ground control should also be extended after the completion of top coal caving operation it is not possible for the roof rock to cave and fill in the goaf in a short time therefore the immediate roof will form a cantilever beam and the upper roof will form a stable articulated beam in other words a cantilever beamarticulated beam will be formed in a lltcc coal face in a general case the overlying strata does not simply follow the movement from lower layer to upper layer and instead forms various combinations of structures and moves with some laws figures 7 and 8 show the structural model of the roof open image in new window fig 7 strike cross section of a lltcc face open image in new window fig 8 dip cross section of a lltcc face based on the study discussed above a cantilever beamarticulated beam structural model for overlying strata at a lltcc face has been developed shown in fig 9 the strata that need to be controlled are the strata that cannot be supported by caved rocks before they cave they are in the form of a cantilever beam and defined as immediate roof above the immediate roof the strata that are supported by caved rocks are called the upper roof with an articulated beam structure the roof strata satisfying the j m 0 condition are defined as immediate roof while the roof strata satisfying the j m 0 condition are defined as upper roof j is the ultimate subsidence delta 00 va rho 18 where v is 1 77m s a is the cross section of loads as to rear conveyor because the top of the cross section is open based on the coals rest angle of 30 the calculated coal transportation area a 0 63m 2 is the loose coal density 0 851 0 t m 3 select 0 9 t m 3 substitute the data into eq 18 get q 36001 770 630 93613 t h 3000 t h meet the requirements based on a conveying capacity of 3000 t h and a chain speed of 1 77m s and the installed power of 2000kw the theoretical power consumption utilization was analyzed under the conditions of face lengths of 300 250 and 207m respectively the actual length at the no 8105 face in tashan coal mine the calculation results showed that when the face length is 300m and face dip is 0 the power utilization reaches up to 94 3 power margin is small which is only used in a flat or downhill face when the face length is 250m or the actual face length at no 8105 face is 207m and the face dip is 0 the power utilization is 78 6 and 65 respectively showing a large margin therefore a total power of 21000kw can meet the requirement of transport capacity of 3000 t h in order to warrant the non fracture of the scraper chain the safety coefficient of the chain was calculated when the total power is 2000kw scraper chain speed is 1 77m s and the broken load of scraper chain is 3290 kn the safety coefficient of scraper chain should reach 1 72 to satisfy the requirements of safe coal transportation based on the analysis discussed sgz1200 21000 large load rear scraper conveyor was selected for the lltcc face to extract the ultra thick coal seam at tashan coal mine the installed power is 21000kw and transportation capacity exceeds 3000 t h the transportation distance meets the length requirement at the no 8105 face in a lltcc mining operation the rear scraper conveyor should have reasonable technical parameters and structure also the key components should have high reliability these key elements include a heavy duty high strength chain drive system speed adjustable soft start device integrated monitoring transmission system of transmission device heavy loaded 1000kw planetary retarder high reliability long life high strength coal transportation trough high strength compact end discharge frame and automatic retractable tail with electro hydraulic control etc with the development of 48152 compact high strength round chain and link chain for the mine as well as the high strength forged scraper the optimization of the meshing characteristics of the chain transmission system and the adaptability and chain tension along with the development of along life 48152 drive sprocket and component a heavy duty high strength chain transmission system was successfully developed by studying the matching ability of controlled adjustable speed soft start device valve controlled hydraulic coupler and motor load characteristics a rational coupler cavity has been designed and the fluid dynamics was optimized in addition an electro hydraulic control technology for the coupler has been developed a large power valve controlled hydraulic coupler has been developed with intellectual property rights a comprehensive monitoring integrated transmission system has been developed it consists of central monitoring equipment upper equipment and site monitoring equipment lower equipment which achieves a state monitoring and control on the transmission device of the rear scraper conveyor and enhances the operation monitoring capacity of the large power rear scraper conveyor through a combination method of theoretical analysis three dimensional modelling mechanical analysis and simulation virtual prototyping dynamic testing bench testing and industrial trial a 1000kw retarder for the mine has been developed through the study on the bending angle design of the middle pan and the connection method of u shaped port of middle pan in addition to the large amount of research and testing on the choice of materials welding processes and equipment and machining technology a high reliability long life coal pan has been developed through the strength design on the end discharge head frame the connection design of the head frame and joint parts the connection design of the head frame and transition pan was improved a high strength compact end discharge head frame has been developed with the analysis on the operating conditions of the scraper conveyor chain and the calculation on the adjustment required by conveyor tail and the calculation of traction force of the extension mechanism an automatic retractable conveyor tail electro hydraulic control system and retractable extension tail frame has been developed furthermore an electro hydraulic automatic control retractable conveyor tail has been developed through the research and development of the key technologies and components above the overall reliability of the rear scraper conveyor has been improved to warrant safe efficient and stable operation 4 4 large capacity and long distance gateroad belt conveyor in order to achieve the transportation of both the coals extracted by the shearer and the coals extracted by top coal caving from the lltcc operations the technologies on a large capacity long distance gateroad belt conveyor has been investigated a cst soft drive system was used in light loads or heave loads condition the dynamic process of the loaded belt conveyors soft start soft stop can effectively be controlled to achieve a balance of power among various drives based on the variation of tensile force during the start stop and operation of belt conveyor a tension technology and equipment of high accuracy and large tensioning stroke has been developed it can quickly respond and automatically adjust tension and tensioning stroke with the tension variation of the belt conveyor during normal operations the tensile force is 0 91 1 times of the rated tensile force during start and stop the tensile force is 1 31 4 times of the rated tensile force and during the shift of conveyor tail the equipment can quickly respond and guarantee non skid the working principle is based on the conveyors start up and loading with the feedback of tension sensor signal the plc controller and fuel tank can automatically adjust the output of tensile force to avoid slipping between belts and drive pulley lower the safety factor selected for the belt and ensure the normal operation of the belt conveyor installed with an automatic moved conveyor tail the automatic tensioning can be achieved when the conveyor tail is automatically moved thus to a certain extent the downtime rate of the belt conveyor and the downtime rate of the three face machine can be reduced a new high efficiency belt storage device was developed the belt can be folded into six layers and stored with a length of 200m a belt storage system of multi layer winding has been developed which enables an automatic belt central alignment to overcome the deviation of conveyor belts in storage and the tensioning trucks off track a low speed large torque hydraulic motor and electro hydraulic proportional control valves were used to develop a large torque belt speed controllable high efficiency hydraulic belt winding device which significantly reduces the time on belt winding is easy in operation and reliable in working a high speed low friction larger diameter roller was developed using labyrinth seals with special structure and oxidation resistance water resistance grease sealing method the service life of the high speed large diameter roller is significantly increased using dynamic analysis software the system was analyzed to determine a reasonable starting and braking curve an advanced plc programmable controller was developed in addition an advanced program controlled automatic monitoring system was developed which can conduct the operations of data collection processing storage transmission fault detection reach and feed etc it can meet the requirements of the conveyors controllable soft start and braking power balance automatic tensioning and self movement of conveyor tail as well as various functions such as protection communication and signal contact in addition it can monitor the various protection and safety devices conveyor belt tension the temperature of the driving drum and roller bearing the measurement of throughput etc through the studies presented a large capacity long distance belt conveyor has been developed as shown in fig 54 its main technical parameters are as follows transportation distance 2800m transportation capacity 3500 t h lifting height 35m belt width 1400mm installed power 1680 3500 kw belt speed 4 5m s stored belt length 120m open image in new window fig 54 the large capacity long distance belt conveyor 4 5 large tonnage shield hauler the tonnage of hydraulic support for the working face in thick and ultra thick coal seam is very large in order to improve the efficiency of coal mining it requires a fast relocation of coal face equipment therefore a heavy duty frame shield haulerwc55y shield hauler was developed as shown in fig 55 the vehicle is powered by diesel the carrying capacity is 55 t and is an efficient equipment for a quick relocation of coalface if equipped with a hopper it also can be used as a multifunctional underground transport vehicle open image in new window fig 55 wc55y shield hauler a v type six cylinder diesel engine explosion proof equipment was used in the wc55y shield hauler based on the requirements of explosion proofing the explosion proof device must be set up in engine intake and exhaust systems which will increase the resistances of engines intake and exhaust reducing engine efficiency worsen the harmful emissions and increase the pollution in underground the difficulty in this project is how to optimize the inlet and outlet structures to minimize its effect on engine performance and reduce the emissions of harmful gases in terms of the engines explosion proofing the following four key technologies have been developed 1 in the explosion proof diesel engine exhaust turbocharged waterair cooling technology was used forced water circulation technology was used to solve the high temperature problem with the supercharger surface compared to natural air intake the air intake increases 30 and lays a foundation for increasing efficiency and reducing emission 2 using theoretical analysis and test methods the fuel injection control was optimized the oil injection method of low speed in the early stages high speed in the middle stages and reduced speed in later stages was used to effectively control the emission of no x pt etc 3 intake resistance is an important factor affecting engine power the intake spark arrestor is a key component of the air intake system in explosion proofing the diesel engine which directly affects engine performance through the experiment after the installation of the air inlet device on the diesel engine the losses of power and torque is up to 14 to improve the flow characteristics of the diesel engine intake the original structure had been optimized with a comparative analysis of eddy current resistance loss at inlet outlet section in different intake spark arrestors an inclined windward surface end grid plate was designed to substantially reduce inlet resistance 4 a constant pressure low resistance exhaust gas treatment device was designed using a water bath type cylindrical structure the exhaust resistance was reduced by 5 for the wc55y shield hauler a moving speed brake was developed which integrates a planetary speed retarder and a large torque wetted multi disc safe brake traditional brake concentrates on the high speed end of wheel side retarder and is small in dimension however under a larger braking torque and repeated braking the system generates large amount of heat and consistently fails the working condition of the shield hauler is harsh in the aspect of driveless axle hydraulic driven design there have been no successful braking studies anywhere in the world fully enclosed high torque and large brake power small in size and high efficiency heat dissipation are the difficulties in the study meanwhile the road underground is potholed thus during the movement of heavy loaded vehicles the wheel side retarder will withstand a greater shock load and therefore must have enough strength otherwise it will cause failures in the retarders bearing such as broken parts in response to these technical bottlenecks a modular integrated technology was used to design a new planetary gear of wetted multiple disc brake also an integrated motor cartridge wheel drive and brake retarder was invented it is a wheel side planetary retarder and integrates all brake functions the brake was designed as a fully closed wetted type multi disc brake with spring braking and hydraulic release through the spline friction tablets and steel tablets are coupled with fixed parts and turned parts respectively through the motor input retarder part input torque delivered via a two level planetary deceleration device the torque will be transmitted to the wheels the brake cavity and retarder cavity are completely insulated by a pair of high reliable floating seals to avoid the interference of two different functions the braking torque of the integrated brake retarder is greater than 60 000nm thermal equilibrium temperature is less than 90 c under long term braking and the average life of the friction disc is greater than 5000h furthermore it is safe reliable has good pollution resistance and increases operational safety the main performance indicators of the wc55y shield hauler developed are rated load 55 t minimum ground clearance 300mm full load speed 012km h and climbing ability 12 engine rated power after explosion proof 220kw turning radius 2800mm inside and 7000mm outside the wc55y shield hauler was used in the relocation of the lltcc coalface at 1420m thick ultra thick coal seam in the tashan coal mine to successfully solve the relocation problem of large tonnage hydraulic support at a lltcc coalface 5 bolt support technology of large cross section roadway in ultra thick coal seam 5 1 deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rocks of coal roadway with a large cross section in ultra thick coal seam the roadways for a lltcc coalface include headgate tailgate top return airway and open off cut these roadways are responsible for equipment installation transportation ventilation gas exhaust personnel passage etc a safe efficient coalface depends on roadway stability and smooth flow roadway support is a key to the lltcc mining operation the roadway of a lltcc coal face has following characteristics 1 the headgate tailgate and open off cut are developed along the coal seam the roof is top coals with an average thickness of 12 9m compared to rock the coal seam is relatively soft fractured and thick the top coal is easily subsided and even caved which significantly increases the difficulty of roadway support 2 because the power of mining equipment is large and face production is high a very large cross section of the roadway is required the tailgate and the headgate have a same cross section with a width of 5 5m wide a height of 3 9m and a size of 21 45m 2 the open off cut span is up to 10m the increase of roadway width can result in significant bending subsidence in the roof and large height roadway can cause coal wall buckling and even spalling which significantly affects the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway and brings great difficulties to roadway support 3 the tailgate suffers the side abutment pressure caused by the previous longwal gob and the and the front abutment pressure caused by the current longwall panel in addition due to the distinct characteristics of ground pressure at a lltcc coalface the mining effect on the tailgate is very strong resulting in serious damage of the surrounding rocks 5 2 bolt support mechanism of large cross section coal roadway roadway support with bolt and cable has become one of the main methods at coal mines in china in this project bolts and cables were used to support the large cross section coal roadway however the surrounding rock of the roadway in the coal seam is soft and fractured traditional bolt supporting failed to suppress the large deformation of the roadway due to the high mining induced stresses bolt supporting mechanism for coal roadways should be investigated to provide a theoretical basis for support design many studies have been conducted to investigate the support mechanism of bolt and cable support on coal roadways jia and huang 2005 zhang et al 2006 ma and zhang 2008 zhang and yang 2010 in china in recent years it has been recognized that the prestress of rock bolts plays an important role in bolt support kang et al 2007a b 2008 wang et al 2008 zhang et al 2010 such as the binding effect it plays on the layer separation slippage and join crack opening of the surrounding rock surface layer and maintaining the integrity of the surrounding rock the studies improve the bolting effect in particular providing an effective theoretical guidance for complicated roadway support based on the deformation characteristics of large cross section coal roadway in ultra thick coal seam a full coal roadway supporting mechanism is proposed 1 the deformation of surrounding rock in a full coal roadway consists of two parts one is the dilatancy deformation including the separation of coal and rock sliding fissures opening and new cracks at their structural plane the second is the elastic deformation of surrounding rock and the plastic deformation before its peak strength and a full deformation of anchorage zone a reasonable full coal seam roadway support should greatly improve the stiffness and strength of supporting system at initial support effectively controlling the dilatancy deformation of the surrounding rock and maintaining the integrity of top coals at the same time the supporting system should have sufficient elongation and allow a second deformation to release high stress 2 the prestresses of bolts and anchors play a decisive role in roadway support it is crucial for support design to determine reasonable prestresses according to coal roadway conditions and enabling prestresses to effectively spread 3 the anchor cable in a full coal seam roadway plays its role in two main aspects one is to connect the bearing structure formed by bolting in top coal with deep surrounding rock in order to improve the stability of load bearing structures the other is that the large prestresses of anchor cables and the compressive zone of bolts form a skeleton mesh structure to actively support surrounding rock 4 in a full coal seam roadway high prestress powerful bolt and anchor cables should be used to become the single necessary support during the service life of the roadway avoiding second roadway support and roadway maintenance 5 3 material of high strength bolt and cable the yield strength of a traditional thread steel bolt is 335500mpa and the tensile strength is 470650mpa which is applicable to the roadway with normal conditions for a roadway under complex geological and geotechnical conditions a higher strength and sufficient elongation steel should be used for bolts and anchor cables in order to achieve high prestress high strength and high elongation in this project with the cooperation of other steel mills strong steel for bolts and cables has been developed the key technology and difficulties in developing this type of steel is to greatly improve the bolt strength and simultaneously maintain sufficient elongation and impact toughness of the bolt to prevent bolt fracture and breaking under impact loads bending and shear loads starting from steel making a special bolt steel formula was formulated e g adding elements of v nb and ti in the steel to alter the mechanical properties of steel in addition an appropriate rolling process was used to manufacture the bolt in accordance with its technical specifications table 23 lists two kinds of anchor bolt steel developed with high strength high elongation and high impact toughness the yield strength of the two types of boltreaches 570 and 650mpa respectively and the tensile strength reaches 745mpa and 805mpa respectively the elongation is 26 and 22 respectively and their shock absorbing energy is more than 40j table23 high strength bolt steel strength level mpa yield mpa tensile strength mpa shock absorb energy j elongation 500 570 745 89 0 26 0 600 650 805 42 6 22 0 5 4 cable material with large tonnage and high elongation the anchor cable steel strand widely used in chinese coal mines is composed of seven wires fig 56 a with a diameter of 15 2 or 17 8mm its application in underground coal mines showed the following disadvantages the cable diameter is small and doesnt match borehole diameter thus significantly affects anchorage force and is prone to the anchor end sliding due to its small breaking load cable fractures often occur because of its low elongation it cannot adapt to the large deformation of the surrounding rock due to its low prestress it is poor in controlling the separation of rock layers open image in new window fig 56 anchor cable structure a 17 structure b 119 structure to solve the problems discussed above a large diameter high tonnage strong anchor cable series was developed with a diameter of 1822mm and a capacity of 400550 kn the technological approaches used are as follows 1 changing cable body structure using new type of 19 wires fig 56 b to replace the original seven wires the cable body structure is more reasonable and the anchor cable elongation has been significantly improved 2 increasing the diameter of anchor cable body the cable diameter was increased from 15 2 to 18 20 and 22mm to improve the cable bodys broken force and match the cable diameter and drilling diameter the anchor cable with a diameter of 22mm has a breaking load of greater than 600 kn and an elongation of 7 the comparison of different mechanical properties of anchor cable steel strand wires are shown in table 24 table24 mechanical properties of different anchor cable strand wires structure of steel strand wires diameter mm cross section mm 2 tensile strength mpa breaking load kn elongation 17 15 2 140 1860 260 3 5 17 8 191 1860 355 4 0 19 0 218 1860 406 4 5 119 18 215 5 1897 409 6 8 20 262 4 1862 489 22 321 6 1887 607 7 0 5 5 equipment for applying high prestress on bolt as mentioned previously the prestress of rock bolts is one of the key parameters for bolting and plays a decisive role on the effect of anchor support the previous studies show that the anchor prestress should reach a level of 30 50 of anchor yield strength according to the conversion relationship the bolts tightening torque should be 300500nm to reach such a high prestress the existing single bolting machines in china cannot meet such a requirement it is necessary to develop a suitable bolt tightening tool to significantly increase the anchor cables prestress in terms of the equipment for bolting there are two main methods for increasing bolts prestress kang and wang 2007 one is to increase the bolt nut tightening torque the second is to use a bolt tensioning device which is similar to imposing large prestresses on anchor bolts the methods for improving bolt nut tightening torque include 1 high torque jumbolter with a high torque jumbolter it can not only increase the bolt tightening torque but also achieve an integration of bolt installation to improve installation speed for instance the torque of the jumbolter used with continuous miner can reach more than 300nm the rated torque of a single jumbolter in china is not greater than 150nm and unable to meet the requirement of high tightening torque of the bolt 2 torque multiplier in order to improve the installation torque of the jumbolter a torque multiplier can be used on the jumbolter to multiply the nut tightening torque when installing bolt 3 torque wrench using a large torque preload wrench to tighten the bolts and nuts is an effective way to improve the prestress of anchor bolts based on the jumbolter used in large cross section coal roadway and the operation conditions torque multiplier was selected to improve the prestress of anchor bolts the bolt torque multiplier developed has an input torque of 100150nm and an output torque of 500600nm with a single jumbolter match the maximum torque magnification is approximately six times which meets the high prestressing requirement of the bolts 5 6 stress characteristics of the surrounding rock in a full seam roadway and numerical simulation of the combined support with bolt and cable in order to better understand the distribution characteristics of variation of surrounding rock in a large cross section full coal roadway as well as the support mechanism and main effect factors of anchor bolts and cables a numerical analysis using flac 3d was performed based on the data from the no 5105 return airway of the no 8105 coalface at tashan coal mine the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock in a large cross section coal roadway with different top coal thicknesses the influence of different roadway layout locations different roadway width height ratios different ground stresses and different pre tight forces of anchor bolts and cables were evaluated 5 6 1 simulation approach the no 5105 return air roadway was developed along the seam floor its cross section is in a rectangular shape with a width of 5 5m a height of 3 9m ground stress data measured are shown in table 2 vertical stress is 11 44mpa the maximum horizontal principal stress is 12 90mpa and the minimum horizontal principal stress is 7 24mpa in the numerical simulation the flac 3d built in cable structure element was used to simulate the rock bolts and cables the bolts have anelastic modulus of 200 gpa a yield strength of 600mpa a tensile strength of 800mpa the rock bolts are 2 4m long and 22mm in diameter the cables have an elastic modulus of 195 gpa a length of 8 3m a diameter of mm and a capacity of 600 kn the mohrcoulomb constitutive model was used to describe the coal rock body based on the results from the laboratory tests the physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock seams in the calculation are shown in table 25 table25 physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock seams in a numerical model lithology density kg m 3 volume modulus gpa shear modulus pa cohesion mpa friction angle tensile strength mpa sandstone 2650 25 3 18 2 22 44 1 6 coal 1500 6 5 3 9 7 9 36 0 6 sandy mudstone 2600 8 85 5 8 9 2 41 0 8 combining the geological conditions at the no 5105 roadway in tashan coal mine based on the combined support of ancho bolts and anchor cables in coal roadway multiple plans were compared in the simulations in this study 1 when the horizontal principal stress is 12 90mpa the vertical stress is 11 44mpa and the roadway was developed along the seam floor the effect of different top coal thicknesses on the stress distribution of the surrounding rock top coal thicknesses were 0 5 10 15 20 and 25m respectively 2 when the horizontal principal stress is 12 90mpa the vertical stress is 11 44mpa and the coal thickness is 15 72m the effect of different positions of the roadway layout on the stress distribution of surrounding rock in a vertical direction the roadway was laid out along the roof and along the floor when the coal pillar widths in the horizontal direction were 10 20 30 and 40m the effect after the extraction of two adjacent coalfaces on the stress distribution of surrounding rock of roadway 3 when the horizontal principal stress is 12 90mpa and the vertical stress is 11 44mpa the effect of different width height ratios on the stress distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway the height width ratios in a full coal seam gateway are 1 0 75 and 0 5 4 when the coal thickness is 16 8m the roadway was developed along the seam floor the effect of different ground stresses on the stress distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway different combinations of stress are shown in table 26 table26 different ground stress combinations in the numerical simulation different ground stress combinations horizontal stress mpa vertical stress mpa lateral pressure coefficient combination 1 10 10 1 combination 2 20 10 2 combination 3 10 20 0 5 5 the effect of different preloads of bolts and cables on the spread of stress in coal regardless of in situ rock stress under the condition of the cables prestress as 100 150 and 200 kn the bolt preloads are 60 80 and 100 kn respectively 5 6 2 effect of top coal thickness on the stress distribution of surrounding rock of full coal roadway in fig 57 a because the roadways roof and floor are rock and the two walls are coal the stress concentration zones after roadway development are located at the four corners of the roadway in the roof and floor rock strata the maximum compressed stress reaches 22mpa as the rock strengths of roof and floor are relative high it enables pressure to be uniformly transferred to the coal wall bodies of the roadway to reduce the compressed stress in the coal bodies of the roadways two sides and reduce roadway deformation as shown from fig 57 bf with the increase of top coal thickness the distribution zone of compressed stress in top coal increases and the stress in top coal is less than that in the roadway floor there is a distinct interface between top coal and roof overall during roadway excavation when top coal thickness is within 10m there is a strong correlation between the stress distribution of surrounding rock of roadway and the top coal thickness as the top coal thickness increased the stress concentration area in the top coal expanded and the concentration coefficient reduced with the continual increase of top coal thickness there is no appreciable variation in stress distribution of the surrounding rock open image in new window fig 57 stress distribution of roadway surrounding rock at different top coal thicknesses a rock roof b top coal 5m c top coal 10m d top coal 15m e top coal 20m f top coal 25m 5 6 3 effect of roadway layout positions on the stress distribution of surrounding rock of full coal roadway the coalface with full coal roadways is usually a coalface with a large mining height the increase of mining height will have a great impact on the stress distribution in the coal pillar thus affecting the stress distribution of surrounding rock of the roadway in fig 58 a b the stress concentration zone generated at two side walls during roadway development overlapped with the stress concentration zone in coal pillar after coal extraction the maximum stress in the coal pillar reaches 33mpa in fig 58 c the stress concentration zone in the surrounding rock of roadway during its development is isolated from the stress concentration zone in coal pillars caused by the extraction of two adjacent coalface however it still has some impact on the stress distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway the maximum compressive stress on the side coal pillar is approximately 30mpa in fig 58 d due to the further increase of coal pillar width the effect of the stress of the adjacent mining face on roadway decreased significantly the stress concentration zone formed in the surrounding rocks of the roadway during its development is basically separated with the stress concentration zone formed by coalface extraction the maximum compressive stress of surrounding rocks of the roadway is 27mpa overall due to the large thickness of coal seams with the coal roadway after roadway development and adjacent coalface extraction the stress concentration zone formed in the coal pillar is different to that at thick or thin coal seams the stress is no longer distributed as standard arch or hump distribution but renders approximately triangular distribution open image in new window fig 58 stress distribution of roadway surrounding rock with different coal pillar widths a coal pillar width 10m b coal pillar width 20m c coal pillar width 30m d coal pillar width 40m a full coal seam roadway has two kinds of vertical arrangements one is arranged along the floor the other is arranged along the roof their stress distributions have a large difference fig 59 when the roadway is arranged along the floor the stress concentration area is mainly distributed in the two corners of the roadway floor the maximum stress reaches 22mpa and the maximum stress in the top coal of roadway is about 18mpa when the roadway is arranged along the roof the stress state of surrounding rock of the roadway is opposite to that of roadway arranged along the floor the stress concentration area is mainly distributed on the two corners of the roof maximum stress is 22mpa and the maximum stress of the coal body at the floor is about 18mpa because the stress field distributions of two kinds of arrangements are different different measures should be taken during the roadway support when the roadway is arranged along the floor in addition to the top coal support the side walls support should be enhanced or the anchor bolt should be installed at the floor corners to prevent the occurrence of floor heave when roadway is arranged along the roof the support on the two corners of the roof should be strengthened and some measures should be taken to prevent or reduce the occurrence of floor heave open image in new window fig 59 stress distribution of surrounding rock with different roadway positions a along floor layout b along roof layout 5 6 4 effect of roadway height width ratio on stress distribution of a full coal roadway the stress distributions of the surrounding rock of the roadway under different roadway height width ratios are shown in fig 60 with the same roadway height the wider the roadway tunnel is the higher the level of stress concentration in the top coal the greater the stress concentration area in top coal the higher the stress concentration factor when the roadways height width ratio is equal to one the maximum compressive stress in top coal is 12mpa when roadways height width ratio is 0 75 the maximum compressive stress in top coal is 16mpa when roadways height width ratio is 0 75 the maximum compressive stress in top coal is 16mpa but the compressive stress concentration area increases significantly when the roadways height width ratios are different the stress distributions formed in the floor during roadway development are significantly different when the height width ratio is equal to one the stress concentration zone in the floor shows an inverted arch distribution when the height width ratio is 0 75 the stress distribution zone shows an inverted hump shape distribution when the height width ratio is 0 5 an irregular stress distribution in the floor occurs but the range increases significantly based on the maximum stress values in the floor with the increase in roadways width the maximum stress values follow a downward trend open image in new window fig 60 stress distribution with different roadways height width ratios a height width ratio 1 b height width ratio 0 75 c height width ratio 0 5 5 6 5 effect of ground stress on stress distribution of surrounding rock of a full coal roadway the stress field distributions of surrounding rock of a full coal roadway under different ground stress conditions are shown in fig 61 the stress distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway after roadway development is correlated to rock strength when the horizontal and vertical stresses are the same the stresses in the top coal and side coal walls are basically the same their values are relatively low about 15mpa high stress areas are mainly in the floor with high rock strength the maximum stress is about 21mpa when the horizontal stress is twice of vertical stress the stress concentration areas are mainly in the top coal and the floor rock in particular due to the high rock strength in the floor its stress and stress concentration area are significantly larger than that in top coal the maximum stress value is up to 33mpa when the vertical stress is twice of horizontal stress the maximum compressive stress of surrounding rock of roadway is approximately 30mpa and the stress concentration area shows an arc shaped symmetrical distribution at two side walls of the roadway open image in new window fig 61 stress distribution of surrounding rock with different ground stress a combination 1 b combination 2 c combination 3 5 6 6 effect of different bolt prestress on the stress distribution of surrounding rock of a full coal roadway the increase of compressive stress in the anchorage zone and the range extension of compressive stress are the keys to improving the supporting effect as shown in fig 62 a in the anchor bolt and anchor cable joint support when anchor bolt pre tight torque is 200nm a prestress overlap zone can be formed in the anchor bolt anchorage zone but cannot cover the area between roof and anchor bolt at two side coal walls the maximum compressive stress near anchor bolt in the coal body is about for 0 55mpa the compressive stress between anchor bolts is approximately 0 25mpa when the anchor bolts pre tight torque is 300nm with the increase of anchor bolts pre tight force the anchor bolts prestress spread range increases at roadway roof and two side coal walls and in roadways top coal the spread zones can basically join and form one large zone however the anchor bolts prestress spread zone is still small and cannot cover the whole coal wall the compressive stress between top coal and the roadway walls anchor bolt increases to around 0 4mpa when bolts tightening torque increases up to 400nm the effect of the bolts prestress spread within bolting range between the roof and two walls of the roadway is good it covers the entire range of anchor zone and the compressive stress value between bolts in the coal increases to about 0 5mpa because of the lower prestress of the anchorage cable the cables prestress cannot spread to its anchoring range thus the overlapping effect of the bolts prestress and cables prestress is not obvious open image in new window fig 62 stress distribution of surrounding rock with different combinations of bolt and cable a cable prestress 100 kn b cable prestress 150 kn c cable prestress 200 kn compared to fig 62 a b shows that with the increase of the cables prestress there is a significant increase of prestress spread in the area along the cable length in the roadways top coal and perpendicular to the direction of cable length nevertheless in terms of the compressive stress in coal body formed by the bolt and cables prestress under the impact of the increase of cables prestress and the superposition effect of the bolts prestress the maximum compressive stress close to the cable in the coal body reaches 0 88mpa when the bolts tightening torque is 200 and 300nm the distribution of compressive stress formed in the coal body by cables and bolts is not uniform the compressible stress between two bolts farther away from cables is 0 48mpa when the bolts tightening torque is 400nm the effect of prestress spread formed in top coal by cables and bolts is improved to some extent the compressible stress between two bolts farther away from cables is approximately 0 64mpa as shown in fig 62 c when the cables pre tight force increases to 200 kn the cable plays a major role in prestress spread in the coal body the range of prestress spread basically covers the entire cable anchoring zone and the maximum compressive stress formed in coal body is 1 1mpa the bolts pre tight force mainly affects the compressive stress distribution in the coal body as the increase of bolt tightening torque there is a distinct increase of compressive stress spread formed in the coal body and the stress values figure 63 shows the compressive stress distribution on the surface of the roadway under the support of the combination of rock bolts and cables with a pre tightening force of 400 and 150 kn respectively the compressive stress zones on the roadway surface formed by bolts and cables combined support are interconnected and superimposed the compressive stress of top coal at the bolt tray reached 2 8mpa at cable tray reached 7 7mpa the bolts prestress and cables prestress basically spread to the entire surface of top coal to form an effective stress arch and improve the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway open image in new window fig 63 stress distribution on the surface of top coal with the bolt and cable combined support 5 7 support design of a large cross section full coal roadway based on the numerical simulation results and lessons learned a high strength bolt and cable combined support system was determined for the no 5105 roadway at the no 8105 coalface in tashan coal mine a bhrb600 bolt was selected with a diameter of 22mm and length of 2 4m left lateral no longitudinal reinforcement steel rebar extended with resin and the bolts tightening torque is not less than 400nm a 4mm thick w steel belt and diamond shaped metal mesh were used to protect the roof and side walls of the roadway the roof bolt spacing was 800mm and the row spacing was 800mm roof cables diameter was 22mm with 119 strands high strength low relaxation prestressed steel wires and its length is 8300mm using one k2335 and two z2360 low viscosity resin cartridge the cable was anchored the anchorage length is 1500mm with every two rows of bolts three cable anchors were installed the row spacing is 1600mm and cable spacing is 2000mm and all cables were vertically installed into the roof the cable anchors pre tightening force was 100150 kn figure 64 shows the layout of roadway support open image in new window fig 64 layout of roadway support 6 safety technologies for the lltcc coal mining operation 6 1 gas control technologies for the lltcc coalface 6 1 1 characteristics of gas distribution at the lltcc coalface at the coal seam 35 in tashan coal mine the original gas pressure varies 0 140 17mpa the gas content in the coal seam varies 1 601 97m 3 t and the average is 1 78m 3 t the coal seam permeability coefficient varies 171 71428 80m 2 mpa 2 d and the gas flow per hundred meters in the borehole varies 0 0150 0212 m 3 min hm the gas discharge attenuation coefficient in the borehole varies between 0 602 and 0 7427 d 1 the residual coal gas amount at the coal seam 35 is 1 17m 3 t the coal seams are spontaneous combustion prone coal seams and the shortest period of the occurrence of spontaneous combustion is 60days the coal seams have a tendency for coal dust explosion hazards and the explosion index is 37 with the analysis of field tests the gas emission and distribution in a lltcc coalface have four characteristics 1 low gas storage high gas emission under the influence of large thickness of coal seam and high mining intensity the lltcc mining operation in ultra thick coal seam shows a low gas storage high absolute gas emission feature at the coal seam 3 5 the original gas pressure was only 0 140 17mpa gas content in the coal seam was 1 61 97m 3 t and an average was only 1 78m 3 t however the absolute gas emissions in the working face exceeded 40m 3 min and the highest absolute gas emission was up to 65m 3 min 2 unbalanced gas emission the gas emission sources at the lltcc coalface in tashan mine can be divided into three parts one is the gas at the top position of the goaf including the gas in the upper adjacent layer the second is the gas in the deep part of the goaf including the gas of the lower adjacent layer the third is the gas from coal extraction and caving operation carried by the airflow leakage in the working face the gas emission in the three sources discussed above will be affected by face pressure upper roof caving and top coal caving and present the characteristics of imbalance and the uneven emission coefficient might reach 1 8 3 large gas emission in goaf local gas emission in goaf showed that the gas emission often exceeded the gas limit at the zone between the 110th support and upper corner of the coalface at the window of top coal caving and the gap between supports the measured gas concentration reached 2 3 sometimes even higher at u type ventilation coalface the gas concentration seriously exceeded the gas limit in the upper corner of the working face without taking any measures in the upper corner the gas emission concentration often exceeded 5 in the 10 tail region of the coalface the gas emission accounted for 90 of the gas emission 4 the gas concentration distribution in the coalface showed a nonlinear relationship with the distance from the monitoring station figure 65 shows the gas concentration distribution along the vertical direction and face advance direction at the lltcc coalface the gas concentration distribution on the vertical face in the goaf showed an increase trend from bottom to top increasing 2 3 every 5m from the tailgate to internal displacement 32m the gas distribution showed an increasing trendency within the same elevation from the support at the working face to the deep goaf and within a 200m range the gas concentration distribution showed a ladder type distribution within a 060m range from the support to the goaf the gas concentration increased from 1 5 to 2 8 within a 60160m range in the goaf the gas concentration increased from 3 6 to 4 6 within a 160200m range in the goaf the gas concentration increased from 5 7 to 6 1 and basically coincided with the spontaneous combustion three zone open image in new window fig 65 gas concentration distribution along the directions of vertical height in the goaf and face advance a along the direction of roof height b along the direction of face advance 6 1 2 gas control technologies at the lltcc coalface based on the characteristics of gas occurrence a mainly in strengthening gas drainage in goaf complemented with the optimization of ventilation system in the working face approach was used to develop a gas drainage roadway in roof based comprehensive control technology for the lltcc coalface a three step integrated program was developed the first step was to use seals to block the gas at the upper and lower corners and wind curtains to induce and dilute the gas for controlling the gas limit at the upper corner of the coalface at the early mining stage the second step was to establish a large flow gas drainage system including high position pre buried vertical tube upper corner drainage tube and coalface ventilation system optimization the third step was to developed a high drainage roadway in the roof and use the closed roof high drainage roadway to drain the gas in the goaf the gas drainage and mining at the no 8105 coalface in tashan coal mine is shown in fig 66 open image in new window fig 66 gas drainage at the no 8105 working face 6 2 fire prevention technologies for lltcc coalface 6 2 1 large flow mobile nitrogen generator mounted on rubber tire vehicle underground the nitrogen injection method was used to prevent fire at lltcc coalface in ultra thick coal seams therefore a large flow mobile nitrogen generator mounted on rubber tire vehicle in the underground was developed figures 67 68 and 69 show the units of large flow pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator in the manufacturing process figure 70 shows the nitrogen plant in a field test open image in new window fig 67 nitrogen generator in making open image in new window fig 68 nitrogen generator in assembling open image in new window fig 69 nitrogen generator after assembly open image in new window fig 70 nitrogen generator at site test the large flow mobile nitrogen generator mounted on rubber tire vehicle has following technical characteristics 1 comparing and taking from the coarse and fine particle combined adsorption tower filling method in the us the same method in europe the blizzard type adsorption tower absorption method and the vibration desktop type filling method were used to develop a carbon molecular sieve filling method with the combination of vibration desktop type filling and coarse and fine grain filling which greatly improved the service life of the molecular sieve 2 the recirculation calculation formula of minimum industrial pressure swing adsorption tower 2 minimum 1 15 0 t a t p p 3 p 0 was used to replace the calculation formula of the minimum regeneration cleaning amount required by the continuous adsorption process 2 minimum 0 t a t p p j0 p j3 p j3 p j3 p 0 2 is the minimum cleaning quality flow rate of regeneration kg s 0 is the initial gas mass flow rate kg s t a is the limiting adsorption time s t p is the holding regeneration time s p 3 is the export airflow pressure pa p 0 is the initial pressure entrance airflow pa thus the minimum amount of regeneration recirculation was determined combined with the control recirculation valve of the plc controller by reverse blowing with the inlet direction the fast and high efficient generation of nitrogen with the carbon molecular sieve device was achieved to increase the nitrogen amount generated by the nitrogen generator as well as the nitrogen purity in addition it was possible to reduce the size of the nitrogen generator and make the nitrogen generator more in line with the underground environment 3 the activated carbon filtering method was used with the combination of c t and a three stage fine filtrations the activated carbon was used to remove large particles of water and oil in the compressed air to prevent the absorption and break by the carbon molecular sieve using c t and a three stage fine filtrations the particles of water oil and dust greater than 0 1m in compressed air will be removed to avoid large particle impurities not deposing to adsorption bed reduce the adsorption bed resistance except maintaining the service life of the adsorbent furthermore the nitrogen generator can work in a high nitrogen purity situation for a long time ensuring that the molecular sieve service life can be extended and the efficiency of carbon molecular sieve can be improved 4 a dual plc control automatic control system was developed with the control of a dual control system the unstable system problem caused by the interference of variable pressure absorption in the same of twin towers was avoided during the operation of the four adsorption towers 6 2 2 study on the process and properties of large flow nitrogen generator with a full consideration of the speed effect of the pressure swing adsorption tower the size effect of adsorption bed and the adsorption equilibrium of carbon molecular sieve the pressure swing adsorption tower was designed and the tower was filled with the vibration bench filling method and the coarsefine combination filling method selecting the suitable pressure swing adsorption process through a control system the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making process was controlled to ensure the time of pressure swing adsorption and the time of adsorbent regeneration using product gas reverse blowing regeneration technologies the nitrogen generation capacity of pressure swing adsorption and nitrogen purity were improved and the nitrogen purity reached the requirement of 98 with the methods of activated carbon filters and c t and a three stage fine filtration the particles of water oil and dust greater than 0 1m in compressed air was removed to ensure the service life of the adsorbent while reducing the adsorption bed resistance and maintain the generation of high purity nitrogen based on research and the comparison on the method of other existing models of pressure swing absorption molecular sieve nitrogen generator through a small scale laboratory test a comparison on the different processes different adsorption media was conducted to determine the best process the process is as follows air compressionair buffer and preliminary water removal activated carbon filter removal of most of the water and oil in compressed air fine filter removal of the particles of water and oil and dust greater than 0 1m in compressed air in pressurized adsorption nitrogen generation pressure releaseeven pressure regeneration reverse blowing process product nitrogen in the compressed air system two 250kw screw type air compressors were used to compress air and the two sets of plc controllers were used to control the pressure swing adsorption process they ensure the smooth completion of adsorption and desorption process of the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generating apparatus after a 24h continuous operation test with the condition of nitrogen purity was greater than 98 the nitrogen flow rate was greater than 2000m 3 h 6 2 3 development of fast curing stackable sealing material the sealing on the upper corner of the coalface is an effective method for reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion in the goaf however in tashan mine the cross section of intake and air return roadways are all up to 20m 2 the use of traditional means i e fly ash and yellow mud would result in heavy workloads and high cost which affects the normal transportation in the mine therefore a fast curing stackable sealing material was developed fast curing stackable sealing material is a polymer composite with multi component multi usage and solid gel combination and is composed of a polymer compound foaming agents catalysts flame retardants and other components the feeding sequence for making the sealing material is a materialb materialwater cement sand mixturecuring agent at the same time the sealing material was quickly mixed to a uniform status then pressurized and sprayed the volume of the sealing material would instantly expand to 1030 times of its original volume to achieve fast sealing this material does not contain formaldehyde is nontoxic odorless and non corrosive during the reaction expansion process the sealing material can fill the space and cracks in coal and rock and has a strong bonding property it can bond coal rock body concrete and other materials to form one solid body it has a certain level of pressure resistance and shear resistance strength it has good flexibility is shockproof and pressure resistant has strong elastic resilience after compression with no cracking after curing and no shedding it has insulation properties including heat insulation and flame retardant properties suitable for filling at different locations in an underground coal mine the response time of rapid curing stackable material is 560s adjustable at 232 c the foam index is 1030 times adjustable the flame retardant oxygen index is not less than 32 vertical and horizontal combustion level is v0 the content of heavy metals pb is less than 0 90mg kg assessment value 90mg kg 7 test in underground coal mine and result analysis 7 1 parameters of working face and equipment at the no 8105 lltcc coalface in tashan coal mine the face length is 207m the maximum cutting height is 5 0m and the cutting depth is 0 8m the installed capacity for the working face is 10 mtpa based on the technical parameters and performance of fully mechanized coal mining equipment in china the main technical parameters of the fully mechanized coalface equipment are determined as shown in table 27 table27 equipment for the coalface no equipment name main parameters of equipment reference type 1 hydraulic support height 28005200mm center distance 1750mm support intensity 1 35mpa zf15000 28 52 2 shearer cutting power 2750kw cutting height 2 75 0m cutting depth 800mm ac electric traction voltage 3300v mg750 1915 gwd 3 front scraper conveyor length 220m power 2855kw voltage 3300v transportation capacity 2500 t h sgz1000 2855 4 rear scraper conveyor length 220m power 21000kw voltage 3300v transportation capacity 3000 t h sgz1200 21000 4 stage loader transportation capacity 3500 t h power 450kw voltage 3300v pf6 1542 5 crasher crashing capacity 4250 t h power 400kw voltage 3300v sk1118 6 emulsion pump working pressure 31 5mpa rated flow rate 400 l min motor power 250kw voltage 3300v fluid box 2 volume 2500 l brw400 31 5 7 spray pump working pressure 12 5mpa rated flow rate 500 l min motor power 132kw voltage 3300v fluid box 1 volume 3000 l bpw500 12 5 in april 2010 the combined trial operation on surface of the complete equipment developed was conducted at tashan coalmine fig 71 from october to december in the same year an underground industrial trial was completed open image in new window fig 71 combined trial operation on the surface of complete equipment for the working face 7 2 operation of trial equipment and production during the period of the industrial trial at the no 8105 face from october to december 2010 the statistics of production downtime caused by major equipment accidents are shown in table 28 from october to december 2010 the production downtime caused by shearer accidents was 31h and 5min the shearer usage rate was 98 45 and its performance was stable the production downtime caused by hydraulic support failure was zero its working resistance varied within a 900013 000 kn range and overall the support was in good condition the production downtime caused by scraper conveyor failure was 17h and 15min with an usage rate of 98 95 the production downtime caused by belt conveyor accidents was 13h and 55min with an usage rate of 99 15 the production downtime caused by power system accident was 6h and 35min failure free rate was 99 61 table28 statistics of production downtime caused by major equipment failure during the industrial trial period from october to december 2010 time shearer hydraulic support scraper conveyor belt conveyor power supply system october 2010 22h35min 0 0 8h30min 2h35min november 2010 4h 0 15h50min 5h10min 4h december 2010 4h30min 0 1h25min 15min 0 total 31h5min 0 17h15min 13h55min 6h35min in october 2010 the production downtime caused by cumulative electrical accidents during the production period was about 57h and 40min based on four shifts with six hours each shift in the working face the usage rate was 89 3 in november 2010 the production downtime caused by cumulative electrical accidents during the production period was about 53h and 50min the usage rate was 91 3 in december 2010 the production downtime caused by cumulative electrical accidents during the production period was about 7h and 10min the usage rate was 95 7 in the industrial test period from october 2010 to december 2011 average usage rate of equipment in use was 92 1 during the industrial test period from october to december 2010 at no 8105 coalface the cumulative face advance was 472 5m average daily advance was 5m maximum daily advance was 8m the cumulative coal production was 2 723 mt the average daily production was 30 300 t maximum daily production was 38 000 t average manpower efficiency was 364 5 t worker in three consecutive months during the industrial test average monthly production reached more than 900 000 t coal recovery rate at the working face reached 89 9 in 2011 the average monthly coal production was 904 000 t the cumulative coal production for the year was 10 849 mt achieving the goal of producing 10 mtpa the production statistics for the industrial test at the no 8105 coalface from october to december 2010 is listed in table 29 table29 production statistics at no 8105 coalface during the industrial test period from october to december 2010 time number of working days cutting height average maximum m face advance m production t average maximum monthly production t average daily production t average manpower efficiency t worker coal recovery equipment usage october 2010 30 4 5 5 0 147 75 901 732 907527 916785 30057 8 362 2 88 9 92 1 november 2010 30 152 25 904 065 30135 5 363 december 2010 30 172 5 916 785 30559 5 368 2 total 90 4 5 5 0 472 5 2 722 582 907527 916785 30250 9 364 5 88 9 92 1 7 3 analysis of roadway support during the excavation and support in the no 5105 roadway the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway was monitored see fig 72 a the wall to wall convergence and the roof to floor convergence during the roadway excavation period was 25mm and 16 6mm respectively the support effect during the excavation period is shown in fig 73 in general the deformation was small during roadway excavation period and the effect of roadway support was good open image in new window fig 72 displacement curve of the roadway surface a during roadway development b during coalface operation open image in new window fig 73 roadway support at the no 5105 roadway after the coal extraction at the no 8105 coalface under the influence of coal extraction there were some variations in stress distribution of the surrounding rock in the roadway the stress concentration occurred in coal and rock body in front of the coalface and in the surrounding rock of the roadway resulting in the deformation of surrounding rocks in the roadway the roadway surface displacement was monitored in the no 5105 roadway within a 100m range in front of the no 8105 coalface the monitoring results are shown in fig 72 b as can be seen from the figure there was no change for the roadway surface displacement exceeding 78m from the coalface the roadway deformation affected by the coalface abutment pressure appeared from a location 78m in front of the coalface within 7866m range in front of the coalface large deformations occurred at the same time in the roof and two walls subsequently the deformation increased as the coalface advanced slowly within 36m range from coalface with the advance of the coalface the deformation began to dramatically increase in the location of the monitoring station 5m away from the coalface the two side walls of the roadway moved closer by 280mm the roof and floor closer by 210mm however in general there was no obvious damage to the surrounding rock of the roadway during the coal extraction period the amount of deformation was small and the transportation and ventilation requirements was fully able to be met 7 4 analysis on gas control on the 9th of november 2010 the no 8105 coalface and roof drainage roadway were connected after the connection a 2bec80 gas drainage pump was used to drain the gas the gas concentrations were maintained between 1 5 and 2 2 in the high drainage roadway between 0 2 and 0 3 at the upper corner of working face between 0 2 and 0 3 at the tail of the rear scraper conveyor and between 0 15 and 0 25 in the return air thus the gas management at the coalface achieved very good results the gas emissions at the coalface were monitored before the coalface extraction from coalface extraction to the initial caving of the upper roof to first gas drainage at the upper corner of coalface during the gas drainage at the upper corner of coalface and from the gas drainage at the upper corner of the coalface to the gas drainage in return airway and high drainage roadway the monitoring curve of absolute gas emission volumes are shown in fig 74 open image in new window fig 74 monitoring curve of absolute gas emission volume figure 75 shows the gas concentration variations at the upper corner of the coalface the coalface and in the return air since the extraction of the no 8105 coalface as can be seen from the diagram coalface gas emission rates gradually increased the volume of gas drainage increased while the gas concentration at the upper corner of the coalface in the coalface and the return air gradually leveled off and achieved a zero gas overlimit open image in new window fig 75 variation curves of gas concentration at the upper corner of coalface coalface and in return air after coal extraction site monitoring results showed that the technology of roof high roadway drainage combined with other drainage can significantly reduce the gas concentration at the return air corner of the goaf control the gas emission from the goaf to the coalface play a role of split flow of gas flow and reduce the gas concentration in the goaf the effect for preventing the gas accumulation at the upper corner of the coalface was significant the drainage rate in the goaf reached 40 of total gas emission in the goaf achieving a zero overlimit and ensuring a safe and smooth face advance the gas control achieved a satisfactory result 7 5 analysis on fire prevention using nitrogen injection based on air quantity tests at different measuring points in the coalface the amount of air leakage in the goaf was determined with the installation of a bundle tube in the goaf and the connection of the bundle tube in the goaf with the main bundle tube monitoring system in the mine the gas in the goaf was analyzed automatically in addition the airflow in the goaf was simulated in 3d to analyses the oxygen concentration in the goaf thus a three zone distribution was found in the goaf based on the finding the nitrogen injection method and the amount of nitrogen injection were given at different face advance speeds based on the actual mining conditions at the no 8105 lltcc coalface in tashan mine the nitrogen injection parameters were optimized and the relevant nitrogen injection process and methods were developed after calculation an additional 3890m 3 h nitrogen injection was required in addition to original 2500m 3 h to enable oxygen concentration at the spontaneous combustion zone to drop to an average of 7 pipe nitrogen injection technology was used for fire prevention the first nitrogen injection pipe along the goaf at the intake side of the coalface was buried when the pipe was buried at a certain depth into the goaf nitrogen injection commenced subsequently a second nitrogen pipe was buried into the goaf the shift interval of the nitrogen injection nozzle was 50 m when the second nitrogen injection pipe was buried and started nitrogen injection into the spontaneous combustion zone in the goaf the first pipeline of nitrogen injection stopped and a new pipe was buried again for nitrogen injection the process was repeated until the coalface extraction was completed the nitrogen injection method was determined based on fire prediction in the case of nitrogen injection quantity of 2500m 3 h and coalface advance speed of 1 4m d a continuous nitrogen injection method must be used when the advance speed is less than 1 4m d or if the coalface has stopped the amount of nitrogen injection must be increased when the coalface has stopped working for more than 68days the nitrogen injection quantity should be not less than 6390m 3 h when the face advance speed is greater than 1 4m d it would be appropriate to reduce the amount of nitrogen injection using the methods presented above the occurrence of fire in lltcc coalface can be prevented to achieve safe mining operation 8 application and benefits the following problems are present in coal mining in china one is that the capacity in maintaining safety in mining is relatively low the second is that technology and equipment technical management and the technical innovation level are not at a high level the third is that the waste of resources is relatively serious the fourth is that the added value and technological content of products are relatively low the fifth is that the centralization of business is relatively low the technologies and equipment for lltcc coal mining operation in ultra thick coal seam have achieved a safe and high efficiency extraction of the coal seam with a thickness of 1420m the technologies and equipment developed have effectively increased the coalface production rate and top coal recovery the large mining height shock resistance top coal caving hydraulic support and the electrohydraulic control technology developed for top coal caving greatly improved top coal caving and discharge speed reduced labor intensity and increased coalface productivity the anchor bolt support technology and material developed for the support of large cross section full coal roadway significantly improved the effects of roadway support and ensured the roadway is stable and unblocked the gas control and fire prevention technology and equipment ensured safe coal production after adopting the technology and equipment developed the investment on equipment in tashan mine was decreased compared to the no 8104 coalface the investment on equipment at the no 8105 coalface saved about 100million yuan with the geological and mining conditions at the no 8105 coalface compared to the sub level caving method in ultra thick coal seam the technologies and equipment developed enabled coal production at the no 8105 coalface in tashan coal mine to be doubled the economic benefit is significant in addition to the tashan mine in datong currently the lltcc technologies and equipment for ultra thick coal seam have been used in 32 coal mines in china including 13 mining areas such as datong pingshuo shengdong xinjiang covering 8 provinces or autonomous regions in china such as shanxi inner mongolia xinjiang shaanxi shandong gansu anhui liaoning currently 14 large coal bases have been planned in china including shendong northern shaanxi huanglong northern shanxi jinzhong jindong luxi lianghuai jinzhong henan yungui eastern inner mongolia northeast ningdong and xinjiang where thick and ultra thick coal seams are predominantly mined the main coal seams in the coal mines with 10 mtpa capacities each currently under construction are mainly thick or ultra thick coal seams the coal mines built with a capacity of 10 mtpa each mainly extract the coal seams with thickness of 620 m the seams above 6m account for 50 such as halagou shigetai daliuta buliantai yujialiang shangwan in shengdong coalfield yangchangwan in ningdong coalfield huangling no 2 mine in huangling coalfield anjialing mine in pingshuo coalfield dafosi mine in binchang coalfield and sihe coalmine in jincheng coalfield with the construction of large scale coal production bases in china in the future lltcc coal mining technologies and equipment provide technological support for the safe high efficiency and high recovery coal production in these mines the technologies and equipment developed will drive the upgrading of existing mechanized caving technology and equipment the research results will be widely used and the products will have great business potential at the same time the development of technologies and equipment strongly promote the development of coal mining methods and related theories and lead the progress of coal mining technologies it enables the capability of manufacturing the complete set of the lltcc coal mining equipment in china driving the development of machine processing technology electromechanical integration technology and automation and information technology it curbs the occurrence of roof gas and fire accidents safeguard coal mine practitioners personal safety improves underground mine working environment ensures coal mine safety efficient integrated production improves the efficiency of coal mining and energy supply and provides reliable energy security for chinas sustained healthy and stable economic development 9 conclusions with the study and development of the lltcc coal mining technologies and equipment for over 10years the following main conclusions are obtained 1 in terms of coal seams with a thickness of 1420m the lltcc coal mining method has been proposed which increases the coal cut height to 5m coal caving height to 15m and the total mining height to 20m the effect of different coal caving intervals and top coal caving patterns on top coal recovery has been investigated which concludes that the recovery rate can be improved in long wall caving by applying the caving patterns of one cut one caving and discharge in multi round and multiple windows sequence alternately 2 a cantilever beam articulated beam model has been established for the overlying strata at the lltcc coal mining face based on the model the working resistance of the lltcc hydraulic support has been determined furthermore the law of top coal and roof movement at the lltcc coalface has been obtained in front of face coal wall the main characteristics of top coal and roof movement are mainly horizontal compressive deformation under abutment pressure in the rear of the face coal wall the characteristics of roof movement are mainly fractures and subsidence the characteristics of top coal movement are mainly vertical caving movements caused by roof fractures and subsidence the speed of horizontal deformation of the top coal and roof in front of the face coal wall under abutment pressure is much smaller than that of the vertical subsidence of the top coal and roof after fracture at the rear of the face coal wall 3 comprehensive spalling prevention and control technologies have been proposed including controlling the coalface advance speed increasing the initial support force and improving the ability of wall protection these technologies reduce coal wall spalling and maintain the normal advance of the coalface 4 a large diameter double telescopic shock resistance prop and a 1000min 1 large flow safety valve quick unloading device have been developed which improve the shock resistance of hydraulic support an articulated front beam and high reliable telescopic beam with a secondary wall protection structure have been developed which overcomes the wall spalling problem at lltcc coalfaces and a strong disturbance type top coal discharge device with high efficiencyand high top coal recovery has been developed which improves coal recovery on the basis of the developments presented above a 5 2m cutting height lltcc hydraulic support has been developed 5 a high efficiency and high reliability electric traction shearer has been developed its specifications are coal cutting height 2 85 5m total installed power 1945kw coal cutting power 750kw maximum haulage speed 1525m min and maximum traction force 2570 kn an analysis method of the shearer reliability has been established furthermore a new control system and walking system for the shearer has been developed and the new material of ranging arm shell body and the performance of drum tooth have been optimized to improve the reliability of the shearer 6 a large capacity sgz1200 21000 rear scraper conveyor has been developed with installed power of 21000kw and transportation capacity of more than 3000 t h the transportation distance meets the requirements of the no 8105 coalface in tashan mine in addition some key accessories including the heavy load and high strength chain transmission system of the scraper conveyor controllable speed adjustable soft start device the integrated monitoring transmission system of transmission device heavy load 1000kw planetary retarder high reliability and long life coal pan high strength and compact type end unloading headframe and electrohydraulic control automatic telescopic conveyor tail have been investigated to improve the performance of the lltcc rear scraper conveyor 7 various devices have been invented in the project including a height adjustable ring chain lifting device a new high efficient air inlet flame arrester and exhaust processing box and an integrated motor plug type wheel side drive and brake retarder a wc55y support hauler with a load of 55 tons has been developed achieving a safe high efficiency non demolition point to point transportation of the lltcc hydraulic support and improves the efficiency of lltcc coalface relocation 8 the stress distribution of surrounding rock of large cross section coal roadway is significantly influenced by the in situ stress and the rock strength under the same stress conditions the higher coal and rock mass strength the higher the stress magnitude of surrounding rock after the roadway excavation the support effect of rock bolts on the roadway is mainly to generate compressive stress zones through the prestress force of bolts and form a prestress loading structure with cables and other supporting structures thus to strengthen the surrounding rock of the roadway and constrain the separation sliding and opening of fracture in the surrounding rock and subsequently maintain the integrity and stability of the roadway surrounding rock 9 a special bolt steel formula has been developed which changes the steel mechanical properties with suitable rolling method a high strength 500600mpa high elongation bolt material has been developed using new 19 structure wires instead of 7 structure wires a large elongation powerful cable bolt has been developed also a bolt torque multiplier has been developed which enables the output torque of bolt driller to be amplified 6 times and solves the problems of rock bolt prestressing 10 in terms of the characteristics of low gas reserve high gas emission in the lltcc coalface comprehensive gas control technology using mainly the roof high drainage roadway has been developed the gas drainage amount from the goaf accounts for 40 of the total gas emission in the goaf achieving gas zero overlimit a large flow underground mobile nitrogen generator has been developed to solve the fire prevention problems at the 10 mtpa lltcc coalface and guarantees safe coal mining 11 the key technologies and equipment for lltcc coal mining operation has been successfully evaluated at the no 8105 coalface of the tashan coal mine the underground test demonstrated that the match of shield shearer and scraper conveyor is rational average usage of face equipment reaches 92 1 face coal recovery reaches 88 9 the cumulative coal production was 10 849 mtpa in 2011 achieving the target of 10 mtpa for a lltcc coalface in china and safe and high 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research institute shenyang china about this article crossmark cite this article as wang j yu b kang h et al int j coal sci technol 2015 2 97 https doi org 10 1007 s40789 015 0071 4 received 20 february 2015 revised 15 march 2015 accepted 18 march 2015 first online 21 july 2015 doi https doi org 10 1007 s40789 015 0071 4 publisher name china coal society print issn 2095 8293 online issn 2198 7823 about this journal reprints and permissions personalised recommendations cite article how to cite ris papers reference manager refworks zotero enw endnote bib bibtex jabref mendeley share article download pdf actions download pdf cite article how to cite ris papers reference manager refworks zotero enw endnote bib bibtex jabref mendeley share article table of contents article abstract 1 introduction 2 geological and mining conditions at the tashan coal mine 3 mining method and ground control technology for lltcc operation in ultra thick coal seams 4 key equipment for the lltcc coal mining operation 5 bolt support technology of large cross section roadway in ultra thick coal seam 6 safety technologies for the lltcc coal mining operation 7 test in underground coal mine and result analysis 8 application and benefits 9 conclusions references copyright information authors and affiliations about this article advertisement hide </s>

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<s>[INST] quarryside business park [/INST] quarryside b b brampton cumbria europe united kingdom uk england cumbria brampton brampton b bs inns quarryside 166 reviews 7 of 23 b bs inns in brampton save share banks brampton ca8 2jh england check in check out guests 1 room 2 adults 0 children contact accommodation for availability there are similar hotels available view all full view view all photos 39 39 traveller 37 dining 2 room suite 2 certificate of excellence payments made by partners impact the order of prices displayed room types may vary about 5 0 excellent 166 reviews 7 of 23 b bs inns in brampton location cleanliness service value certificate of excellence bed and breakfast accommodation in a modern farmhouse in the tiny hamlet of banks on the route of the hadrian s wall path great accommodation in a wonderful location read more full view property amenities free parking free high speed internet wifi free internet wifi internet free breakfast pets allowed dog pet friendly non smoking hotel good to know hotel style great view charming location full view contact banks brampton ca8 2jh england getting there newcastle airport 63 km see all flights carlisle lake district airport 10 km see all flights rental cars see all brampton car hire see all nearby hotels nearby restaurants bite cafe and gallery 155 reviews 3 5 km cafe the sally 348 reviews 7 9 km bar the duke of cumberland 289 reviews 9 5 km bar the samson inn 499 reviews 6 9 km bar see all nearby restaurants nearby attractions new mills trout fishing park 194 reviews 3 5 km parks solway aviation museum 417 reviews 9 1 km speciality museums roman army museum 955 reviews 9 7 km history museums hadrian s wall 661 reviews 4 9 km historic sites see all nearby attractions 166 reviews 1 q a 22 room tips reviews write a review traveller rating excellent 138 very good 20 average 5 poor 3 terrible 0 time of year mar may jun aug sep nov dec feb traveller type families couples solo business friends language all languages 166 english 161 german 2 italian 2 spanish 1 selected filters filter english popular mentions all reviews shared bathroom local pub cake her husband packed lunch on arrival wall walk an evening meal biscuits b and b free lift rooms share cooked breakfast was excellent lovely home lovely dog cup of tea nearest pub highly recommend a stay tasty meal ensuite room warm welcome bowness on solway david n wrote a review oct 2019 3 contributions quarryside inn banks uk the quarryside is a wonderful superb b b and i give it my highest recommendation the building is beautiful rooms are lovely spacious and comfortable and the common areas is also spacious and comfortable breakfast was outstanding with local ingredients and prepared incredibly well but the loveliest part of the quarryside is the hosts elizabeth and david the are kind welcoming and accommodating in every way and run a superb b b going above and beyond for their guests when a member of our party dropped his phone in the car riding back from dinner they tracked the phone down and david went and retrieved it truly outstanding highly recommend a stay at the quarryside in banks read more date of stay october 2019 trip type travelled with friends helpful share goyo travel mongolia wrote a review oct 2019 ulaanbaatar mongolia 4 contributions 1 helpful vote wonderful and welcoming b b i stayed here with my mother and aunt at the start of our 3 day walk and david and elizabeth were wonderful hosts and have a lovely home in a wonderful setting one can only assume that if quarry side had been around when he built his wall hadrian would most certainly have stayed here large spacious rooms with comfortable beds huge bathroom with great shower and a free standing bath breakfast was varied fresh and plentiful and the icing on the cake was the hospitality and warmth of our hosts elizabeth and david who went out of their way to ensure we were well looked after this included looking after my mother s dog whilst we went out for dinner giving us a lift to the pub and letting me park my car on their drive for the duration of our 3 day walk great start to our walking holiday read more date of stay october 2019 trip type travelled with family helpful share response from elizabeth h owner at quarryside responded 8 oct 2019 thank you for taking time to write a review whilst still on holiday i am delighted you enjoyed your stay and i hope you enjoyed your walk read more r1chmay wrote a review sep 2019 8 contributions a lovely b b right on the route of hadrian s wall we stopped here after a very very long day walking hadrian s wall we arrived later than planned and dead on our feet but the welcome from elizabeth and david was very friendly the room and the bed was perfect the latter just what we needed to rest our bones and the former had some amazing morning views over the cumbrian hills amazingly elizabeth and david offered to drive us to a nearby pub so that we could eat and recover and arrange for the landlord to drive us back a service that i understand they have been offereing for years all in all a truly lovely place to stay and cannot be recommended highly enough read more date of stay september 2019 value cleanliness service helpful share response from elizabeth h owner at quarryside responded 27 sep 2019 thank you for your review it was a pleasure to have you read more geoffxm wrote a review sep 2019 bradford united kingdom 101 contributions 74 helpful votes welcome of the week walking hadrians wall we were met with a smile and a wonderful cup of tea and a cake the accommodation is great the owners provide excellent service including a lift to the pub and back you do share a bathroom between 2 rooms but that is also excellent quality overall the best accommodation we found between bowness on solway and wallsend read more date of stay september 2019 trip type travelled with friends helpful share response from elizabeth h owner at quarryside responded 23 sep 2019 thank you for giving positive comments you were lucky with the weather as it is very wet now i hope you will return read more stuart k wrote a review sep 2019 halifax united kingdom 5 contributions 4 helpful votes on the walk elizabeth met us with tea and homemade baking which we enjoyed on the terrace with fantastic views after cleaning up our room had a terrific walk in shower david drove us the belted will pub for our evening meal following which the chef drove us back breakfast the following day was excellent superb read more date of stay september 2019 location service sleep quality helpful share response from elizabeth h owner at quarryside responded 23 sep 2019 thank you for taking time to write a review i enjoyed having you and i hope you enjoyed the rest of your walk read more previous next 1 2 3 4 5 6 33 not the right property for you there are more places to choose from in the brampton area see all properties location united kingdom england brampton number of rooms 4 is this your tripadvisor listing own or manage this property claim your listing for free to respond to reviews update your profile and much more claim your listing frequently asked questions about quarryside which popular attractions are close to quarryside nearby attractions include new mills trout fishing park 3 5 km hadrian s wall 4 9 km and talkin tarn park 5 9 km see all nearby attractions what are some of the property amenities at quarryside some of the more popular amenities offered include free wifi free breakfast and free parking see all property amenities what food drink options are available at quarryside guests can enjoy free breakfast during their stay learn more is parking available at quarryside yes free parking is available to guests learn more what are some restaurants close to quarryside conveniently located restaurants include bite cafe and gallery the sally and the reading room at walton see all nearby restaurants are pets allowed at quarryside yes pets are typically allowed but it s always best to call ahead to confirm learn more are there any historical sites close to quarryside many travellers enjoy visiting hadrian s wall 4 9 km birdoswald roman fort 4 8 km and banks east turret hadrian s wall 0 5 km see all nearby attractions want more see more questions answers about this hotel from the tripadvisor community 2020 tripadvisor llc all rights reserved terms of use privacy policy site map how the site works some photos provided by vfm leonardo tripadvisor llc is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site more tripadvisor llc is not responsible for content on external web sites taxes fees not included for deals content explore about us help centre currency region eur eur australia </s>

<s>[INST] coal mining jobs in pa [/INST] what is killing the us coal industry related links charles d kolstad mar 2017 policy brief by charles d kolstad one of the themes of donald trumps presidential campaign was bringing back coal jobs to the midwest as president he has doubled down on this promising to lift restrictions on american energy including shale oil natural gas and beautiful clean coal many republicans have blamed environmental regulations enacted during the obama administration for the decline of the countrys coal industry republicans have pledged to bring back the industry and its jobs primarily by neutering those regulations one of the first actions by the new congress was to cancel the updated stream protection rule protecting streams near coal mines in an effort to relieve the coal industry of burdensome regulations motivating the political focus on coal is a simple pair of facts coal production in the united states has declined recently after a half century of growth and employment in the coal industry has dropped for years this policy brief explores the arguments made to explain those declines and those who are inclined to place most or all of the blame on environmental regulations will learn there are other likely stronger influences at work the state of coal in the u s taking the long view of coal in the united states one is struck by the steady expansion of output since world war ii figure 1 shows u s coal production since 1949 separating the west the region west of the mississippi river from the east the region east of the mississippi the east is the traditional home of u s coal whereas the west is primarily a post 1970 supplier figure 1 tons of coal output per year by year for eastern u s western u s and total u s 1949 2015 source energy information east and west are demarked by mississippi river although over the past 60 years output of coal more than doubled note that 2009 marked the start of a moderate decline in output also note that the post world war ii boom in coal is not uniform over the country virtually all of the gain in output was in the west with mining in the east peaking in 1990 and declining slowly ever since figure 2 employment in coal mining national western u s and eastern u s fte full time equivalent source energy information administration fte is computed from productivity tons produced per person hour total coal output annually and an assumed 1 900 hours per year for a full time equivalent employee figure 2 shows employment in coal mining in both the east and west despite great expansion in coal production over the past half century employment has steadily declined with a few employment booms such as the first decade of this century and the decade of the 1970s remarkably although most of the coal comes from west figure 1 the vast majority of jobs are in the east figure 2 whats up a number of explanations have been offered for the recent decline in coal production and jobs environmental regulations the primary suspect for some killed coal deregulating railroads in the 1970s allowed cheap western coal to displace more costly eastern coal resulting in major job losses in the labor intensive eastern coal industry the fracking revolution has driven down natural gas prices making coal less competitive in electricity production coal mining jobs are going away because of the same productivity gains that have led to fewer manufacturing jobs across the country workers can produce more coal per hour meaning fewer workers are needed to maintain steady coal output other reasons include financial markets which may see the future of coal as risky for a variety of reasons and thus a poor investment so which of these causes is the culprit for the recent decline in coal we take a closer look environmental regulation the primary use of coal in the u s is for electricity generation and the main environmental law affecting coal combustion for electricity generation is the clean air act of 1970 signed into law by richard nixon the law imposed significant restrictions on sulfur emissions from new coal fired power plants back in the 1970s natural gas was scarce and oil was expensive but demand for electricity was strong and growing which set off a boom in building coal fired power plants despite the clean air act this can be seen in figure 3 which shows the vintage of all of the operating coal power plants in 2015 note the big bulge in capacity additions in the 1970s and 1980s this expansion in coal capacity translated into an expansion in coal production nationwide figure 3 existing coal units by initial operating year and retirements in 2015 net summer capacity gw source eia today in energy march 8 2016 the easiest way to meet the 1970 sulfur emissions regulations was to burn low sulfur coal which set off a dramatic expansion of low sulfur coal mining primarily in wyoming the strong demand for low sulfur coal threatened high sulfur coal producers primarily in the east see figure 1 in order to save coal mining jobs in the east the clean air act was amended in 1977 to require equipment on all new coal fired power plants to physically remove sulfur from the smokestacks after combustion reducing the attractiveness of low sulfur coal all coal becoming compliance coal this reduced the competitive threat to eastern mines another feature of the 1970 clean air act had more subtle and delayed effects that is the exemption of existing as of 1970 power plants from sulfur reduction rules this grandfathering was done for political reasons to facilitate passage of the act but it was also viewed as fair and without long term consequences since those older plants were expected to retire at the end of their 40 or 50 year lives anyway but as revesz and lienke 2016 detail this exemption provided an incentive to keep old and dirty power plants operating rather than retire despite the higher operating costs of old plants to protect health and welfare this necessitated the epas imposition of more restrictions on old power plants over the years including the acid rain provisions instituted in 1990 during the bush administration additional rules were put in place during the next three presidential administrations to deal with the problems caused by old plants operating long after their assumed retirement date now nearly 50 years after the 1970 act shuttering of old power plants has finally begun as can be seen from figure 3 the coal plants retired in 2015 were quite old the oldest began operation in 1944 the year the allies landed in normandy in fact as can also be seen from the figure nearly all of the plants retired began operating more than 40 years ago this suggests that the decline in coal fired electricity generation is largely the result of an aging fleet of power plants which may well have been retired years ago absent the clean air acts grandfathering clause productivity one reason for expansion in the west and stagnation in the east is productivity innovation and other measures that lead to fewer workers being needed to produce the same output this is the same story we have heard in many industries over the last 50 years productivity gains have generated job losses even in healthy industries figure 4 shows how labor productivity in coal mining again divided into east and west has changed over the past 60 years nationally there has been a steady gain in productivity with two small slumps with output per worker hour in the u s increasing fivefold and most of these gains have been in the west another point to note is that productivity in the east is currently about three tons of coal per miner hour it is nearly six times as high in the west this is another reason that the west has taken so much market share in coal from the east where employment is concentrated railroad deregulation as figure 4 shows in the late 1970s a miner in the west could produce approximately four times as much coal as in the east and prices reflected this productivity advantage but railroad rates were high limiting the ability of western coal to compete with eastern coal despite low prices at the mine figure 4 labor productivity in coal mining 1949 2015 that changed in the late 1970s with a move to deregulate railroad rates for coal culminating in the staggers rail act of 1980 rail rates per ton mile dropped precipitously after deregulation by 50 percent in real terms from 1980 to 2000 although the 1977 changes to the clean air act helped eastern coal compete with western coal the deregulation of railroad shipment of coal resulted in a vastly expanded market for western coal at the expense of eastern coal as can be seen from figure 1 there was a great expansion of western coal starting in the mid 1970s its important to remember there were other things happening as well such as increases in oil prices but the effect of lower railroad rates can be seen dramatically in the market for what is now the largest coal mine the north antelope new rochelle mine the mine is in wyoming and produced about 10 percent of all u s coal in 2014 shipping it all over the country to locations as far away as florida the rise of cheap western coal has been one of the most significant contributors to the decline of eastern coal and the jobs that go with it natural gas we have discussed the innovation in coal mining that has led to major increases in labor productivity in the production of coal allowing the massive expansion of the u s coal market though with fewer employees another area of technological change with different implications for coal is the revolution in oil and gas extraction over the past decade or so hydraulic fracturing fracking combined with precision horizontal drilling and the exploitation of unconventional gas deposits these innovations have fundamentally altered the supply and price of natural gas in the u s for several decades prior to 2008 the price of crude oil and natural gas in the u s have tracked each other very closely but something unusual happened in 2009 as the price of oil began to recover from the great recession the price of gas continued to drop in april 2012 oil was selling for 103 per barrel while the price of gas was 11 per barrel energy equivalent and coal was delivered at an average price of 13 per barrel energy equivalent prices have fluctuated since then but gas has continued to be plentiful and cheap this has had two effects on coal one is that cheap gas displaces coal in existing power systems secondly cheap gas increases the incentives to finally retire old coal fired plants from the 1940s and 1950s figure 5 shows the expansion of natural gas in electricity generation in parallel with the decline of coal the figure also shows the expansion of renewables such as wind and solar likewise at the expense of coal figure 5 annual share of total us electricity generated by source 1950 2016 source energy information administration conclusions coal has served the country well it fueled dramatic increases in electricity demand in the 1950s and 1960s it was there for us when oil prices skyrocketed in the 1970s but nothing is as constant as change in the 1970s concern about pollution took center stage and coal adapted for many it was still the cheapest alternative in the 1980s the move to deregulate railroads shifted the competitive balance regionally as western coal with high labor productivity took market share from eastern coal with lower labor productivity in the first decade of the new millennium productivity gains this time in natural gas generated a fundamental shift in which coal was no longer clearly the cheapest fossil fuel at the same time solar and wind have made significant inroads into electricity generation again providing a competitive threat to coal productivity gains in coal gas and other energy sources have been a primary force of change this buildup of pressures has finally resulted in the retirement of very old coal fired generating units that were built before most americans were born ironically many of these retirements would probably have occurred long ago except for the clean air acts preferential treatment of old coal plants there are two questions we asked at the beginning of this brief what happened to the coal industry and what happened to coal jobs the coal industry expanded dramatically from 1950 to 2010 and has declined moderately for the past few years for the very clear and logical reasons articulated here what happened to coal jobs is even simpler it is the same thing that happened throughout much of the country productivity gains led to fewer workers needed to produce the same output an additional force hurt coal employment regional competition between the east and the west the labor lean west has taken significant market share from the labor intensive east the result is that far fewer miners are needed some policies have been proposed to bring back coal jobs one is to cut environmental regulations both on coal and natural gas production but think about that move it will probably accelerate the decline of coal as natural gas makes further inroads into the market eliminating regulation can have many consequences weakening regulation on railroads in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in job losses in eastern coal what is clear from this discussion is that environmental regulations did not kill coal progress is the culprit speech by donald j trump to conservative political action conference february 24 2017 the stream protection rule of december 2016 was an update of an earlier rule implemented as part of the 1977 surface mining control and reclamation act smcra the congressional review act authorizes congress by vote to cancel regulations less than 6 months old president trump signed into law the cancellation of the stream protection rule on february 17 2017 the west primarily consists of coal deposits from new mexico and arizona as far north as montana and as far east as texas the east primarily consists of coal deposits in the midwest and appalachia from ohio and pennsylvania down to alabama coal output in both physical and value terms more than doubled 1949 2011 according to the eia the price of coal at the mine was 36 14 ton in 1949 and 32 56 in 2011 in constant inflation adjusted 2005 richard l revesz and jack lienke struggling for air power plants and the war on coal oxford university press new york 2016 a recent analysis of the local consequences of fracking is bartik currie greenstone and knittel the local economic and welfare consequences of hydraulic fracturing working paper w23060 national bureau of economic research cambridge mass 2017 the price of oil is a spot price for west texas intermediate gas also a spot price is henry hub coal is the average price of coal delivered to electric utilities policybrief mar17 pdf research publications submit your working papers projects centers initiatives contact us john a and cynthia fry gunn building 366 galvez street stanford ca 94305 6015 phone 650 725 1874 get in touch support us learn more about how your support makes a difference or make a gift now make a gift about us siepr envisions a future where policies are underpinned by sound economic principles and generate measurable improvements in the lives of all people read more stay connected stanford university 2020 stanford institute for economic policy research copyright privacy trademarks non discrimination accessibility </s>

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<s>[INST] forestry better business program [/INST] what you can do with a forestry degree careers internships volunteer positions meet the expert dr michael goerndt assistant professor of forestry and natural resources missouri state university written by shelley zansler content navigation forestry careers pros cons internship volunteer positions expert interview resources forestry careers take many forms and provide opportunities to engage in both hands on and theoretical work whether theyre interested in working outside to survey land or propagate forests using computer mapping programs to monitor forested areas helping companies make sure they are compliant with environmental regulations fighting and preventing forest fires or advocating for conservation focused legislation students can follow forestry career paths that align with their individual interests skills and needs prospective students can learn about the varied range of careers they can follow with a degree in forestry and take advantage of internships volunteer opportunities and professional organizations to help them along the way what careers can you pursue with a forestry degree forestry environmental science and policy environmental engineering and forest resources management are popular majors for those seeking forestry careers but students can also pursue many other types of forestry degree programs while there can be a lot of overlap in the careers available to those with different degrees opportunities can vary depending on the major and degree level sought these popular forestry careers can give students an idea of the range of work available and what different jobs entail forester foresters play important roles in land management conservation and rehabilitation they plan and help carry out forestry projects like planting new trees monitoring and conserving wildlife habitats choosing and preparing timber plots assessing current timber value and suppressing forest fires they may supervise forest and conservation technicians and ensure that projects are completed legally and consciously median annual salary 60 120 estimated job growth 2016 26 5 9 education skills needed a bachelors degree in forestry or a related field such as agricultural science or environmental science foresters may perform a variety of duties and use skills in identification math decision making short and long term planning mapping data analysis and physical labor forest and conservation technician forest and conservation technicians tend to work with and under the direction of foresters and conservation scientists to successfully carry out forest related projects technicians may gather forest data like the content and quality of soil water and wildlife populations survey and map forest areas and keep records of logging activities these workers can help with forest propagation and conservation and may engage in seasonal activities like planting seedlings and suppressing and preventing forest fires they may also coordinate education and training programs median annual salary 36 130 estimated job growth 2016 26 2 4 education skills needed a diploma or associates degree is usually the minimum requirement however those who wish to become conservation scientists in the future may consider earning a bachelors degree in forestry environmental science or a related field forest and conservation technicians must have strong communication critical thinking math and analytical skills they should also be able to work outside for long periods of time log grader and scaler log graders and scalers play an essential role in the logging and timber industries they examine cut timber for its potential market value and rate logs based on their characteristics they also assess logs and pulpwood based on certain criteria look for defects measure weight volume and dimensions and identify species median annual salary 37 880 estimated job growth 2016 26 2 education skills needed a high school diploma or some college related experience or job specific training may be required or preferred they also must have sharp eyesight to help them make assessments and identifications and should be able to record data accurately precise math skills are helpful in this line of work which often requires detailed measuring and weighing logging equipment operator logging equipment operators are charged with driving and controlling the vehicles and machines used on logging sites understanding and maintaining safety standards while using bulldozer blades shears winches hoists cranes and other equipment is essential these operators must use their equipment to fell trees move and stack logs clear brush and other debris and dislodge stumps they also perform basic maintenance on machines to ensure theyre in good working order median annual salary 38 390 estimated job growth 2016 26 2 education skills needed a high school diploma or equivalent on the job training is common as its important to have a strong understanding of the equipment used active listening skills quick reactions and the ability to follow instructions precisely are necessary forest fire inspection and prevention specialist forest fire inspection and prevention specialists combine former firefighting experience and skills with knowledge of laws regulations and hazard prevention they assess forested areas for hazards and take steps to prevent fires report and investigate fires when they do occur and check nearby areas to make sure theyre not violating codes and regulations or posing wildfire risks median annual salary 37 380 estimated job growth 2016 26 15 education skills needed a high school diploma plus experience as a firefighter but some employers prefer a bachelors degrees fields of study may include fire science engineering or chemistry on the job and classroom training in investigation is usually provided having strong communication and critical thinking skills attention to detail and physical strength are very useful forest and wildland firefighter forest and wildland firefighters focus their attention on the prevention and suppression of fires in areas with little human presence theyre usually specially trained to control forest fires with heavy hoses and calculated use of fire lines and controlled burns smoke jumpers are wildland firefighters trained to parachute from airplanes to reach and control fires in hard to access areas median annual salary 49 080 estimated job growth 2016 26 5 9 education skills needed a high school diploma at minimum but since firefighters need emt training many have college experience or degrees at the associate or bachelors level forest firefighters and wildland firefighters usually need specialized training and a few years of firefighting experience strength stamina and the ability to think quickly and make decisions under duress are important faller fallers use cutting tools like chainsaws and axes and specialized techniques to fell trees safely and with minimal fall damage fallers are in charge of assessing trees and making precise cut decisions to control the direction in which trees fall this involves gauging tree lean and limb density and surveying the fall area fallers must also make sure that escape routes are clear and accessible fallers work closely and collaborate with buckers climbers and logging equipment operators median annual salary 40 690 estimated job growth 2016 26 2 education skills needed a high school diploma and on the job training although students can pursue associate degrees and certificates in forest technology keen eyesight physical strength stamina and quick reactions are helpful as is the ability to learn and use job specific software equipment and programs forest ranger fish and game warden forest rangers often work for national and state forests and ensure these areas are well maintained and healthy they may enforce laws survey the land engage in conservation and repopulation efforts educate visitors and make sure they are safe monitor wildlife gather data on tree and other plant populations clear walking paths prevent and suppress wildfires and conduct search and rescue missions they may also spend a good amount of time writing data and activity reports on site or in nearby facilities median annual salary 56 410 estimated job growth 2016 26 2 4 education skills needed a bachelors degrees in areas like forestry wildlife science and natural resources management must have knowledge of relevant laws communication and reasoning skills and the ability to work independently environmental compliance inspector environmental compliance inspectors use their knowledge of federal state and local laws and on site fieldwork to investigate pollution and contamination issues and pinpoint their sources they work to ensure that those responsible for pollution engage in environmental remediationactive efforts to remove pollutants from an area and restore its healthand that they do so safely and legally median annual salary 67 870 estimated job growth 2016 26 5 9 education skills needed environmental and compliance inspectors usually have at least a bachelors degree in a business related field they typically receive on the job training and must also have a solid knowledge of laws and regulations related to environmental compliance and remediation written and face to face communication skills are important in this field as are observation analytical documentation critical thinking and reasoning skills understanding of chemistry is also helpful post secondary forestry and conservation science teacher forestry and conservation science instructors and professors help students learn about different aspects of forestry and conservation science they may create lesson plans give lectures craft and conduct classroom research projects and experiments grade assignments and answer student questions some secondary level teachers also spend a significant portion of their career conducting research to contribute to the field median annual salary 87 420 estimated job growth 2016 26 5 9 education skills needed a doctorate in the field or a similar area of study and possibly some post doctoral training educators must have strong research communication and organizational skills and should be able to adapt to different class and student needs pros cons of forestry careers forestry careers can come with some incredible perks but the work isnt for everyone understanding both the upsides and downsides of working in forestry is an important step in deciding whether or not to pursue the field pros work outside many people are drawn to forestry careers because they offer a significant amount of outdoor work not only that but the work is often in beautiful areas with no desks or cubicles in sight contribute to environmental wellness a significant part of many forestry careers is ensuring natural areas stay healthy or helping restore wellness through propagation remediation compliance and fire prevention use unique and interesting technologies many forestry careers give employees the opportunity to use technologies specific to the field giving them insights and skills other professionals dont have use specialized knowledge to solve problems those in forestry often use a combination of different types of skills and knowledge to solve problems it can be extremely satisfying to use specialized hands on work theory and data analysis to solve large scale issues that affect many people and wildlife cons work in all weather and conditions for many working outside is a clear benefit but its good to keep in mind that the outdoors can be varied and unpredictable even in poor weather or undesirable conditions forestry workers must get the job done work can be dangerous whether theyre dealing with wildfires contaminated areas icy roads rock slide areas or chainsaws those in forestry are often expected to do dangerous difficult work deal with different types of wildlife while bears and mountain lions can certainly be a reality for those in certain forestry careers its important to remember that bugs poisonous plants and less innocuous messes can all be frustrating or unpleasant parts of forestry careers tasks can be very tiring many foresters do extremely laborious work that requires strength and stamina further foresters often use critical thinking and problem solving skills which can tax them mentally too internships volunteer opportunities volunteering and participating in internships are both great ways for students to get a firsthand look into forestry careers and gain practical experience whether students are looking to spend an afternoon clearing trails and documenting plant populations or want to spend several months learning about resource conservation policy and the politics of forestry these opportunities can get them started in their search 21st century conservation service corps the 21st century conservation corps pairs veterans and young americans with projects focused around conservation of public and tribal lands across the country volunteers work outdoors and gain a variety of practical skills related to forestry and conservation discover your forest generation green internships generation green internships are open to high school students college students and recent graduates who studied natural resources cultural resources recreation or engineering these internships provide job shadowing and mentoring as well as a 250 stipend per 40 hours interns must commit to at least 160 hours of work forest stewards guild internships the forest stewards guild provides a rotating list of available internships for those interested in forest stewardship and related work opportunities are from around the country so students can check the board regularly to find internships in their area national forest foundation volunteer opportunities the national forest foundation offers a selection of short term colorado based volunteer opportunities for those looking to get involved in forestry and related work most of their volunteer events last one to two days and focus on ecological restoration and trail improvement society of american foresters saf henry clepper internship the henry clepper internship focuses on the natural resources policy and advocacy side of forestry and is structured to fit the different needs and interests of selected interns a monthly stipend of 1 400 is provided too the duration of the internship is flexible but a three month minimum commitment is preferred u s forest service pathways programs these u s forest service internships give students the opportunity to work within federal agencies gain practical experience and expose themselves to forestry and resource management career paths paid internships are available to undergraduate and graduate students in various locations throughout the country u s forest service youth conservation corps this u s forest service program is geared specifically toward people between 15 and 18 years old which makes it a great volunteer opportunity for high school students interested in pursuing forestry degrees after graduation students may engage in conservation projects clear trails remove invasive species and educate the public on environmental issues u s forest service virtual internships students who dont leave near large forests and parks can still gain practical experience related to forestry through the forest services array of virtual internships these internships take place online and many utilize a variety of skills that more conventional forestry internships do not such as graphic design social media management and videography students can still gain hands on forestry experience by applying for internships that focus on concepts like data analysis and gis mapping internships rotate based on availability so students can check in regularly to find convenient internships that fit their interests u s forest service volunteer opportunities along with internships the u s forest service offers a range of volunteer opportunities volunteerships can take many forms and last anywhere from an afternoon to several months depending on the project expert interview interview with dr michael goerndt dr michael goerndt is the assistant professor of forestry and natural resources at missouri state university what is your current job title and what does your work entail my current job title is assistant professor of forestry and natural resources my work consists of designing organizing and teaching courses pertaining to several fields of forestry which include forest ecology forest measurements silviculture dendrology and wood science i also conduct forestry research and publish in reputable journals finally i engage in service activities which include serving on academic and administrative committees at msu advise students and the msu forestry club and engage in service and outreach outside of msu e g 4h chapters ffa mdc how did you get started in forestry my interest in forestry started at a very young age as the son of a professional forester i was exposed to the practices and challenges of forestry as far back as i can remember though i briefly considered other career paths when the time came to go to college i immediately started working toward a forestry degree my personal interest in forestry stems from my respect for conservation my desire to be a steward of our forest resources my love of being outdoors and in the woods as often as possible and my desire to instill my knowledge of forestry into others through teaching and research my desire to engage in the deeper aspects of forestry teaching and research is what led me to pursue a b s m s and ph d in forestry and to also earn a m s in statistics to strengthen my skills as a forest biometrician of your forestry work which position or activities and duties did you like the most and why my primary career activities thus far have consisted of research and teaching of the two teaching has definitely been my favorite activity teaching enables me to spend time both in the classroom and out in the field as many of my classes involve outdoor labs i have found that i have a talent for teaching both the scientific and practical aspects of forestry to students in ways that enable them to grasp the information and be able to use it i also believe that teaching is one of the most valuable pursuits especially in a profession like forestry which is greatly misunderstood by the majority of the population and certainly not as well known as other sciences such as engineering computer science chemistry or even wildlife biology what are some of the greatest challenges of forestry work one of the greatest challenges for a forester is working with the public many people pursue a forestry career thinking that they will be able to hang out in the woods all day and not have to deal with people on the contrary engaging with people is a huge part of the job especially in the central hardwoods region where much of the forestland is privately owned this also highlights the general challenges that are faced by private lands foresters when compared to public lands foresters another key challenge to forestry work is the fact that to be a knowledgeable forester one must have at least a working knowledge of many different sciences including biology ecology plant pathology soils hydrology mathematics statistics economics plant taxonomy entomology and the list goes on forests are very complex three dimensional landscapes consisting of countless different biotic and abiotic components all interacting with each other the challenge of being a forester is actually one of the things that attracted me to forestry in the first place and the forests of the missouri ozarks are some of the most complex in the u s due to high species biodiversity and a very complex topographical landscape what about the benefits one of the greatest benefits to being a forester is being able to work in a field that is completely dedicated to sustaining growth and yield of forest ecosystems no matter a foresters specific focus in the greater science of forestry the overriding objective is to manage forestland sustainably and help landowners and other stakeholders to do the same another factor that i have always perceived as a benefit to being a forester is the challenge aside from the aforementioned challenges and the physical requirements of being a forester there is often a certain amount of professional autonomy for foresters meaning that most foresters do not work in direct proximity with a bunch of other foresters of the same specialty this means that individual foresters can have a high degree of impact within their district region or other span of influence while this can be perceived as a benefit it also places a high degree of responsibility on a forester to make knowledgeable decisions and to give sound advice to others what types of students might be good fits for careers and study in forestry i have seen students from pretty much all walks of life pursue careers in forestry traditionally most forestry students have come from rural or semi rural backgrounds but that is certainly not a requirement for success students with a passion and aptitude for biology wildlife plant science and other aspects of forest ecology are often a good fit for studying forestry however forestry also requires workable knowledge of mathematics and statistics while much of the specific knowledge required in these fields is obtained while studying forestry at the college level at least high school level algebra geometry and trigonometry are usually required as a prerequisite from the start and for good reason a successful forestry student needs to have a deep respect for the forest ecosystem and see it for the important living system that it is simply put to be a forester one needs to love being in the forest and be willing to put in the hard work that forestry work requires every day resources for forestry degree holders ecological society of america this professional association aims to bring ecologists together to discuss important issues in ecology collaborate with one another influence policy makers and educate the public on ecology members have access to research publications meetings educational opportunities and more forest products society the forest products society is a non profit organization for those involved in various branches of the forest products industry the association allows for networking and information exchange hosts technical conferences and provides numerous resources to members including a job board forest stewards guild the forest stewards guild is an organization of professionals who care for forests in a variety of capacities these foresters focus on education outreach and research to help them and others in their field best serve forests and those who benefit from them international society of arboriculture the isa focuses on research and education related to the care of trees and the environment as a whole the society provides educational resources for both professionals and students along with many other useful sources of information national association of state foresters this organization is made up of directors of forestry agencies throughout the country students and graduates can learn about industry terms policies and standards read reports and explore the job board for state and national forestry careers national forest foundation the national forest foundation focuses on promoting the health and enjoyment of the countrys national forests and grasslands the organization provides grant and volunteer programs and educational tools among other resources society of american foresters the saf is a large organization of professional foresters who aim to further the forestry field through science and best practices conventions education opportunities for professionals and students publications and networking events are some of the benefits foresters involved in the saf can use to their advantage society for conservation biology conservation focused foresters may be interested in joining the society for conservation biology this organization aims to advance and promote conservation science and biological diversity and provides excellent resources and educational opportunities specific to students society for municipal arborists urban foresters may benefit from the research conferences networking events and industry information provided by the society for municipal arborists this organization focuses on issues specific to those who care for trees in urban areas society for range management those who study forestry may pursue rangework careers this professional organization collects research publications educational tools student competitions and more for those involved or interested in range management u s forest service this federal website offers a wealth of information regarding forestry land management and other related subjects in the united states the wildlife society the wildlife society is a comprehensive organization for professionals and students interested in all aspects of wildlife and conservation including forestry student and leadership opportunities are available through the organization along with tons of information on all things wildlife matt davis </s>

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<s>[INST] sardines fishing season [/INST] dubai dubai is a magical city with huge skyscrapers the tallest building in the world the tallest hotel in the world the worlds only 7 hotel the worlds largest shopping malls concerts sports events exhibitions indoor ski slopes vast deserts and many more amazing attractions dubai has truly become a disneyland for adults and dubai is perfectly situated as a hub for business travel and tourism between the northern southern eastern and western hemispheres with fantastic air travel to more than 150 destinations in 80 countries sunny climate friendly culture and facilities dubai is one of the world leading tourist destinations that just happens to have amazing fly fishing and the best part of all is that it is within sight of the city making this a very unique urban fly fishing destination the fishing fly fishing off dubai is truly unique so much so that we refer to it as urban fly fishing as you are at times fishing right in front of the 7 star burj al arab hotel atlantis hotel palm islands world island or the 200 skyscrapers in the dubai marina our trips are easy and usually a half day in the morning or afternoon leaving enough time to explore the many sights of dubai dubai is the perfect destination for a quick holiday lay over on your way to another destination or even if you live in uae and want to cure the fishing bug we offer 4 and 6 hour charters which leave from harbour 3 in umm sequim close to the burj al arab hotel species queenfish queenies as they are fondly known are purpose built for fly fishing they are visual aggressive jump take flies easily and are an amazing looking fish plus the majority of the time we are sight fishing for them golden trevally goldies as we know them locally are what we refer to as dubai gold these are very special fish to catch and certainly brighten our day when we manage to catch one kingfish known as kings this member of the razor gang normally cuts off our flies and keep us entertained with big aerial smashes followed by cut off flies cobia these tough customers dont show up too often but if we are lucky enough to find and hook up to these opportunistic predators they are strong and will bury you in structure if youre not careful bonito bonnies are truly the speedsters off dubai and we get a good run of big bonnies in winter that will tear off any backing until your able to turn and chase them to hook them is one thing to land them totally different equipment dubai is a great destination to stretch a saltwater fly line the fishing is all from boats and we can get up close to the fish but you will still need to be able to cast a decent accurate line to access the best there is to offer ocean active fly provides top end fly fishing equipment on the boats and use thomas and thomas rods shilton abel and hatch reels scientific angler and cortland lines and all flies custom tied by flyz inc but if any rods or reels are broken there is a usd250 repair and courier charge to send the items to the us return rods we use 9 or 10 quality fly rods like pur thomas and thomas exocett rods the rods need to be fast action and are required to cast a decent line with a heavy fly plus able to lift a big fish when its under the boat reels we use quality cork or mechanical drag reels that operate smoothly and can stop big fish we use shilton abel and hatch reels lines we mainly use floating lines so that we are able to sight fish to busting fish but we will also use intermediate lines to fish lower in the water column if the circumstances demand occasionally we will use 350 or 400gr lines to fish for goldies on the drop offs leaders we mainly use good quality 25lbs flurocarbon leader of about 9ft long if the big queens are around we will go up to 30lbs files we mainly use clousers tied in natural colours grey tan olive blue black and chartreuse on a 1 0 sl12 hook these flies are sparsely tied with a slim profile and minimal flash to imitate the schools of small sardines off dubai which are long and thin and have a darker blue green back other baitfish patterns will work and for a bit of fun we use gurglers or poppers tied on 2 0s to get some epic surface bites additional always bring your passport on the boats for coast guard clearance generally our weather is warm so wear upf quick drying clothes with a decent cap polaroid sunglasses and suntan lotion bring a camera but generally our guides will take the pictures and send to you via the internet boats ocean active run three custom built center consoles with twin or single four stroke outboard engines the boats are all fully equipped with electronics safety gear and crews are all dubai maritime city authority certified captains and deckhands with stcw95 and rya certificates please note that our boats do not have toilets onboard accommodation dubai has some of the best hotels in the world ocean active has partnered with several amazing hotels to offer the best options for luxury logistics and activities for our trips as our 5 option we offer the one and only royal mirage and marriott marquis we have a great 4 hotel we use media one in media city and lastly offer a good value option the ibis hotel on sheikh zayed road which is a 3 hotel with good access to our marina and other activities transportation there is a lot of public transportation in dubai but we can arrange all required transportation from the airport to hotel hotel to marina and marina to hotel we use a company called careem and it is easy and efficient for us to book all your transportation to ensure you are in the right location at the right time packages we offer several packages for our clients which include gold 5 silver 4 and bronze 3 packages to suit every budget and requirement the packages take care of all of the logistics hotels and charters ensuring you have a seamless fly fishing experience in one of the best cities in the world pricing charters 680 usd 980 usd vat per boat price dependent on duration minimum 4 hours equipment and cold drinks provided essential information ocean active fly are licensed to carry 6 people plus 2 crew for the 32 foot boat and 5 people plus 1 crew on the 27 foot boats if fly fishing we restrict the capacity of all the boats to two fly fisherman per boat at any one time there are no bathroom facilities on any of the boats all clients must bring either their original passports or if theyre uae residents their emirates ids there is no alcohol allowed aboard the boats and in addition we reserve the right to refuse boarding to intoxicated guests payment in full must be completed 7 days before the charter date last minute charters booked within 7 days of charter date must be paid in full on the date of the booking confirmation unless otherwise agreed in either case failure to pay by then could result in the cancellation of the charter at the clients cost our cancellation policy is detailed in our full terms and conditions www oceanactivefly com rest assured we will try our hardest to ensure that our guests get out on the water and that they catch fish however we understand that unforeseen circumstances sometimes get in the way of plans and will try and work with our customers to ensure that both ocean active fly as well as the client isnt unfairly disadvantaged ocean active fly provides quality fishing tackle at no extra cost to those clients that request it in order to be able to continue providing this service breakages to rods or reels will be charged at a flat fee of 250 for each breakage fishing charters are priced for departure from our marina berth in jumeriah with return to the same marina other services such as transport accommodation tourist attractions and special requirements can be arranged on request and if arranged through us will receive our full support however services arranged independently of ocean active fly are at the clients responsibility tipping is optional for good service an industry standard of 100 per charter is a good rule of thumb additional information capital of united arab emirates is abu dhabi united arab emirates is made up of 7 emiratess abu dhabi dubai sharjah ajman umm al quwain ras al khaimah and fujairah dubai has a population of about 2 8 million people the local currency is the dirham aed exchange rate is usd 1 aed 3 67 time gmt 4hours language is arabic but english widely spoken clothing should be respectable and not revealing strict no drug policy including some medicines like codeine fishing season september till june weather is generally great october till march averaging 26 degrees celsius then may till august 35 degrees celsius hot summer months daylight hours in season is light at 06 30am and sundown 18 00pm on average to travel to dubai youll need a valid passport with minimum 6 months validity and 2 full free passport pages all clients arriving in dubai will either receive a visit visa on arrival or require a pre trip visit visa depending on their home country passport please check here all clients require travel insurance to cover any accidents loss of equipment or charter all clients will require to fill out an indemnity form before their charter drink bottled water in dubai all dubai tap water is from desalination electricity is 220v ac british style three pin wall sockets are standard although some can also accommodate two pin plugs transportation around dubai is easy with many taxis buses and metro train plus uber and careem app taxi services experience it for yourself book a trip dubai about dubai gallery the fishing expedition info addtl info experience it </s>

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<s>[INST] buy wood from home depot [/INST] buying cull lumber at home depot dave farquhar diy saving money january 7 2019 january 5 2019 0 comment buying cull lumber at home depot is a great way to save money on your projects if you arent familiar with cull lumber heres where to find it what you can expect from it and how much money you can expect to save its less work than salvaging lumber from palettes and you can get greater variety cull lumber is damaged or scrap lumber that the store marks down at a steep discount to make room after it receives a shipment of new lumber cull lumber always has problems that kept it from selling at full price sometimes the flaws are minor sometimes theyre significant but if you can live with the flaws cull lumber offers you significant opportunity for savings what does cull lumber mean the cull lumber section is in the back of the store near the loading dock and the big saw buying cull lumber at home depot offers an opportunity for huge savings cull lumber simply means lumber that the store removed from regular inventory if youve ever bought wood from the lumber section im sure youve pulled out pieces that were warped or twisted or had splits or had some other reason you didnt want to buy it at least i hope you have and didnt buy the pieces and find the flaws after you got them home you and i arent the only ones who do that one sunday night i took a look at the lumber section and the selection of 14 boards was picked almost clean there maybe 10 boards left and virtually all of them had some problem that made me unwilling to buy them when a new shipment comes in the store staff will remove those remnants to make way for the new inventory the cull lumber goes in a bin in the back of the store usually they spray a line or two of brightly colored paint on both ends and rubber stamp it cull lumber the price varies but usually its about 70 percent off that means you can get a board that would have sold for 2 80 for about 84 cents how to buy cull lumber every one of these cull lumber boards has flaws the board on top is warped the one in the middle has an unsightly grain the one on the bottom has a lot of splits but for 70 off i can work around the problems ive paid full price for less than perfect boards too buying cull lumber requires a fair bit of luck or at least really good timing there have been times ive gone to the store and only found a couple of lonely twisted 1x2s in the bin other times ive gone and found all the wood i need for my project right there in the cull bin obviously when i can do that i save a fortune the trick is to go to the back of the store near the saw where they cut the lumber for you thats where the cull lumber lives usually its in a big cart or possibly a big plastic trash can the cart or bin has a sign advising that its priced at 70 off try to make a habit of checking out the back of the store even if youre not planning to buy lumber since you never know what youll find or when you may miss an opportunity for big savings and not have any idea if you see a lot of boards in a common size you use a lot you may want to stock up besides saving you money it may save you a trip or two to the store in the future tips for buying and using cull lumber if you see anything usable load up your cart be sure to examine each piece to see why its in the bin in one case i found a couple of nice straight 1x4s in the bin but they had a really unsightly grain mark on one side i bought them and used them with the good side facing out if id been planning to paint the project i would have cared even less about the mark if the board is warped or skewed pay attention to where the warp is ive seen boards that skewed off at a 20 degree angle but they only did it at the last foot or so of the board that meant the board still had five feet of perfectly usable wood if your project calls for short lengths of wood you can buy these types of boards and save a lot boards with their flaws closer to the middle may be more problematic the problem with cull lumber is that the selection is completely random one day i found a bin full of 6 foot lengths of 1x4s my project called for 8 foot lengths but i just doubled up and saved about 10 bucks if youre willing to change your plans a bit and improvise with whatever you happen to find you can save a lot of money if you have a table saw or a track saw you can cut larger boards into the smaller boards you need or if you have lots of bar clamps you can glue up smaller boards into the larger boards you need try to find out when the store gets new shipments of lumber theoretically the selection in the cull bin would be best soon after the new lumber arrives that said one busy saturday afternoon when i was in the store an associate came over and dumped an armload of boards in the bin caveats with cull lumber make sure any lumber you find has the marks on it the first couple of times i bought cull lumber it wasnt marked though it was seriously damaged one time the cashier gave me the discount anyway another time the cashier made me take it back and find someone to mark it so you can save yourself some pain by making sure its marked ahead of time it can take 30 minutes to find an associate in the lumber department im not sure why this is but when the a cull board has a good side and a bad side they seem to spray and stamp the good side maybe its so they dont make a good deal too good fortunately it only takes a couple of minutes to sand off the marks with 60 grit sandpaper sometimes a board is reasonably straight but has a lot of black marks on it from shipping these marks can be harder to sand off for some reason but they dont matter much if youre going to paint your work they may not matter much if you stain it a dark color either for that matter staining a dark color can fix a lot of visual flaws related questions does home depot sell scrap wood yes if a customer requests a custom cut and doesnt want the other piece the scrap wood usually ends up in the cull bin so do miscuts i bought a nice piece of hardboard out of the cull bin once it may have been an offcut another customer didnt want or a miscut and in my last trip to home depot i found a six inch length of 24 in the cull bin im not sure how theyd price that and there wasnt anyone around for me to ask but it was there do other home improvement stores sell cull lumber most other home improvement stores such as lowes and menards also sell damaged lumber out of a bin in the back of the store at similar discounts im more familiar with home depot because i live within walking distance of one if you liked this post please share it facebook twitter pinterest reddit linkedin tumblr pocket whatsapp print email skype telegram like this like loading related stories by dave farquhar why are lionel trains so expensive what is dedicated band control leave a reply cancel reply this site uses akismet to reduce spam learn how your comment data is processed 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<s>[INST] buy wood edinburgh [/INST] the gym group low cost gyms open 24 7 no contract the gym group uses cookies if you re using our site we ll assume you re happy with the use of cookies close skip to main content the gym group join now find a gym filter by region london north london north london south london south scotland scotland the midlands the midlands the north the north the south east the south east the south west the south west wales wales open dagenham london acton london alperton london angel london barking london bloomsbury london canning town london chadwell heath london charing cross london colindale london ealing london east ham high street london edmonton green london harrow on the hill london holborn circus london hounslow london ilford pioneer point london ilford romford road london kingsbury london manor house london monument london north harrow london oxford street london southall london stepney green london tottenham hale london tottenham high road london tottenham white hart lane london walthamstow london wembley central london wembley park london wood green lordship lane london wood green the mall south ruislip bexleyheath dartford london battersea london catford london colliers wood london east croydon london feltham london fulham london kingston london lewisham london peckham rye london southfields london stockwell london streatham london sunbury london sutton london tooting london vauxhall london walworth road london wandsworth london waterloo london west croydon ayr dundee edinburgh cameron toll edinburgh city edinburgh murrayfield glasgow anniesland glasgow bothwell street glasgow city glasgow quay glasgow south glasgow west end hamilton kilmarnock birmingham broad street birmingham city centre birmingham digbeth birmingham hagley road birmingham kings heath birmingham kingsbury road birmingham perry barr birmingham sheldon birmingham stechford burton upon trent derby kidderminster leicester aylestone road leicester highcross lowestoft milton keynes newark northampton norwich city norwich hall road nottingham city nottingham lady bay nottingham radford nottingham sherwood peterborough shirley solihull stourbridge sutton coldfield tamworth telford wolverhampton altrincham barnsley beverley blackpool burnley carlisle chesterfield darlington doncaster handforth wilmslow hartlepool huddersfield leeds york road liverpool central liverpool great homer street liverpool one manchester ashton old road manchester deansgate manchester fallowfield manchester oxford road manchester portland street manchester whitefield newcastle city newcastle east newcastle gosforth oldham preston rotherham sheffield kelham island sheffield the moor south shields stockport wakefield aylesbury basingstoke bedford bracknell brighton london road brighton madeira drive chelmsford colchester crawley eastbourne farnborough guildford hemel hempstead horsham hove ipswich isle of wight luton portsmouth fratton reading central redhill slough southampton central southampton east southampton shirley strood thanet westwood cross worthing bournemouth bristol city centre bristol longwell green cheltenham exeter marsh barton gloucester plymouth plymouth laira bridge poole swindon cardiff city centre cardiff newport road swansea search use my current location find a gym forgot pin careers member login search menu join now close login member area forgot pin fiit coronavirus information why join the gym equipment facilities find a gym classes faq yanga sports water live it student offer 2019 careers artboard 1 let s get started find a participating gym search use my current location go equipment weve got some of the best fitness equipment around to help you get the most from your workouts find out more facilities from a laid back atmosphere to lockers for your kit weve everything you need for a great workout find out more </s>

<s>[INST] y buy in woodbury heights [/INST] wendy s 704 mantua pike woodbury heights 08097 new jersey united states total all time reports 1 total all time sick persons 1 latest report jul 28 2018 at 5 06 am ms incidentes de restaurant wendy s woodbury heights new jersey united states reported jul 28 2018 at 5 06 am tipo de reporte intoxicacin alimentaria sntomas diarrhea dozed off for about an hour after eating some salad as a lot is left woke up with severe abdominal pains and went to the bathroom and had diarrhea but felt so weak that i felt like i was going to pass out from the pains unfortunately the girl never gave me a receipt for some reason as i looked in the bag as i didn t get any change back in fact the girl asked me if i wanted the penny change and i told her not to worry about it </s>

<s>[INST] sardines fishing spots [/INST] dramatic sardine population decline means likely west coast fishing ban peter fimrite march 26 2019 updated march 26 2019 7 56p m facebook twitter email linkedin reddit pinterest comments back to gallery dramatic sardine population decline means likely west facebook twitter email linkedin reddit pinterest comments 6 1 of 6 deckhand seth adler gathers fishing net as another squid fishing boate materailizes in the fog as captain nick jurlin and his five man crew make the round trip from san pedro to the west side of catalina island on the cape blanco to join around 10 other fishing boats at a spot where they know they can find squid on october 10 2011 jurlin says a bill moving its way through the california legislature which would further protect sardines anchovies herring and market squid would cripple the san pedro fishing fleet photo bob chamberlin la times via getty images 2 of 6 some of the 70 tons of squid in the hold of captain nick jurlin s hold after he and his five man crew made the round trip from san pedro to the west side of catalina island on the cape blanco to join around 10 other fishing boats at a spot where they know they can find squid on october 10 2011 he says a bill moving its way through the california legislature which would further protect sardines anchovies herring and market squid would cripple the san pedro fishing fleet photo bob chamberlin la times via getty images 3 of 6 capt ain nick jurlin s crew with squid sliding down their chute into the hold as they make the round trip from san pedro to the west side of catalina island on the cape blanco to join around 10 other fishing boats at a spot where they know they can find squid on october 10 2011 he says a bill moving its way through the california legislature which would further protect sardines anchovies herring and market squid would cripple the san pedro fishing fleet photo bob chamberlin la times via getty images 4 of 6 the way the sardines gather in the ocean creates a tunnel effect on june 13 2015 in espiritu santo mexico a little sea lion gets up close and personal with the camera as an incredible swarm of sardines photobomb him shot on espiritu santo island mexico by wildlife photographer alejandro prieto the breathtaking photos show a small group of sea lions sharing the same habitat as thousands of sardines the fortunate photographer shot the amazing series of photos by scuba diving for over 6 hours a day sardines form large schools of up to a whopping 10 million individuals these fishes make more than 4 miles long shoals that can be 1 mile wide and a hundred feet deep significant sardine shoals can even be visible by satellite photo barcroft media barcroft media via getty images 5 of 6 monterrey sardines sardinops sagax are seen at the pescamar fair aimed at promoting consumption of seafood in mexico city on june 28 2017 photo omar torres afp getty images 6 of 6 this 2007 file photo shows freshly caught sardines awaiting sorting at west bay marketing in astoria ore just as then west coast fisheries managers have little choice but to shut down sardine fishing this year in the face of evidence stocks are going through the same kind of collapse that turned cannery row from a thriving industry to a tourist destination the northern pacific sardine population stretching from mexico to british columbia has plummeted 98 5 percent since 2006 according to a draft stock assessment released the week of march 24 2019 by the national marine fisheries service and the pacific fishery management council photo alex pajunas associated press there wont be any boats pulling bulging nets of fresh sardines out of the ocean along the west coast this year after another dramatic decline in population virtually guarantees a ban on the commercial take of the tiny schooling fish the northern pacific sardine population stretching from mexico to british columbia has plummeted 98 5 percent since 2006 according to a draft stock assessment released this week by the national marine fisheries service and the pacific fishery management council it means regulators have no choice but to ban sardine fishing for the fifth straight year starting july 1 from mexico to the canadian border weve been urging for an overhaul to the way sardine are managed for the last seven years said geoff shester a senior scientist with oceana an ocean conservation advocacy group it is critical to hold fishery managers accountable for exacerbating this modern day sardine collapse and seek management changes to use best available science to learn from our mistakes the 14 voting members of the fishery council which makes policy along the california oregon and washington coasts will meet april 12 in rohnert park to discuss the results and vote on regulations but a fishing ban is inevitable related stories food by tara duggan california commercial crabbers to end season early in food by tara duggan abalone diving banned next year the latest assessment projects 27 547 metric tons of sardines will be swimming along the west coast on july 1 it means the sardine population is less than 2 percent of its peak population in 2006 when the fish which are measured using their collective weight as if inside a fishing net reached 1 774 784 metric tons according to the national oceanic and atmospheric administration the collective weight of the fish this year is well below the 150 000 metric ton threshold required before commercial fishing can be allowed it is also below the 50 000 metric ton level that triggers a rule requiring the council to declare sardines overfished shester said last year at this time there were 52 065 metric tons of sardines and the year before that there were 86 586 according to the fishery council assessments sardines which generally get frozen in big blocks for use as bait and feed often end up as by catch meaning they are caught up in nets set out for other species shester said the fisheries service is required to develop a plan for recovery he proposes new catch limits on the capture of sardines for use as live bait and more restrictive limits on the percentage of sardines snared in nets meant for other fish biologists blame the collapse on natural fluctuations which have been common throughout history according to recent sediment studies as well as changing ocean conditions but conservationists such as shester however believe overfishing made a bad situation worse scientists warned as early as 2012 that the sardine population on the west coast was ready to collapse but regulators allowed sardine fishing to continue until 2015 shester said the same mistake was made in the mid 1950s when the monterey bay canneries made famous by john steinbecks novel cannery row began failing stiff quotas and catch limits required under federal law by the 1976 magnuson stevens fishery conservation and management act helped save the tiny epipelagic fish and their population increased throughout the 1990s then in the 2000s monterey bay once again became the bay area hub of sardine fishing with a large population also thriving off the coast of san francisco fishing fleets hauled in huge quantities of the nutrient rich fish around the channel islands in southern california and along the oregon coast it wasnt unusual for a boat to bring in up to 65 tons of sardines a day the catch was bringing in 10 million to 20 million in annual revenue until the latest collapse peter fimrite is a san francisco chronicle staff writer email pfimrite sfchronicle com twitter pfimrite </s>

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<s>[INST] starting a forestry company [/INST] the beginning of the end of deforestation in indonesia by rhett a butler on 5 february 2013 asia pulp paper a forestry giant that has been widely criticized for its role in driving deforestation and contributing to social conflict in indonesia today announced a zero deforestation policy that could have a dramatic impact on efforts to slow the southeast asian nations high rate of deforestation the policy which went into effect february 1 is ambitious enough that one of apps most vocal critics and agitators greenpeace will suspend its highly damaging campaign against the paper giant the campaign against app has cost the paper giant tens of millions of dollars in lost business since 2009 the new policy targets several of the major criticisms against app including deforestation degradation of high carbon peatlands conservation of critical wildlife habitat and social conflict with local communities asia pulp paper app a forestry giant that has been widely criticized for its role in driving deforestation and contributing to social conflict in indonesia today announced a zero deforestation policy that could have a dramatic impact on efforts to slow the southeast asian nations high rate of deforestation the policy which went into effect february 1 is ambitious enough that one of apps most vocal critics and agitators greenpeace will suspend its highly damaging campaign against the paper giant the campaign against app has cost the paper giant tens of millions of dollars in lost business since 2009 the new policy targets several of the major criticisms against app including deforestation degradation of high carbon peatlands conservation of critical wildlife habitat and social conflict with local communities this is a major commitment and investment from app group said teguh ganda wijaya chairman of the app group in a statement we are doing this for the sustainability of our business and for the benefit of society app is a world leader in the pulp and paper business and we will act as leaders are expected to do the deal was brokered by the forest trust tft a non profit consultancy that helps companies reduce the environmental impact of their operations tft will be responsible for monitoring apps compliance with the policy greenpeace says it will independently monitor the agreement if app fails to meet the terms of the commitment greenpeace says it will resume its campaign nonetheless greenpeace has a lot riding on the deal we commend app for making this commitment to end deforestation but its what happens in the forest that counts and we will be monitoring progress closely if app fully implements its new policies it will mark a dramatic change in direction after years of deforestation in indonesia said bustar maitar head of greenpeaces forest campaign in indonesia this does suggest that the company is serious about these commitments but as in the case of all the other commitments announced today app will be judged against delivery which will take time greenpeace campaigner andy tait told mongabay com if app fails again in implementing commitments our view is that there will no way back for the company with many of its former customers or with civil society the policy should it hold would mark a shocking reversal for app which has been depicted by a number of groups as one of the worlds biggest environmental pariahs a characterization that led scores of companies to drop app as a supplier apps shift towards a policy of no deforestation is hugely significant as the largest forest product business in an extremely sensitive area app is now in a position of leadership a stunning reversal in light of its past reputation said scott poynton executive director of tft the new app forest conservation policy de links the company from natural forest destruction and recognizes the rights of indigenous and local communities in so doing app has set a benchmark for others to follow there is of course a lot of work to do to implement the policy in its entirety and to put in place the necessary controls and monitoring processes the leaders of app recognize this and we will work alongside them to make this happen drainage canals cut into deep peat to clear tropical forest to supply mixed tropical hardwood mth to a pulp mill owned by app sinar mas photo taken by eyes on the forest on 18 may 2012 click image see the geographic location for the related story click here history of broken promises spurs broader scrutiny however greenpeace is not apps only adversary among environmental groups which are sure to also closely scrutinize the deal ngos ranging from local groups like wahli and greenomics to medium sized international outfits like the rainforest action network to multinational behemoths like the world wildlife fund wwf have actively campaigned to reform app for the greater part of a decade why is this time different mongabay com asked greenpeace campaigner andy tait on how apps commitment differs from previous pledges tait there are a obviously a number of factors at play here from the contract cancellations and campaigns of ngos to the involvement of the most senior staff at the company in this decision it is important to note that unlike on other occasions this commitment is being clearly endorsed by the chairman of the company but there is also another factor which almost certainly has influenced this decision that app has expanded its plantations to the point where it no longer needs to keep expanding into natural forests app has a great deal lot of work to do to demonstrate that things will be different this time and we and many others will judge the commitments against delivery not simply on policy commitments the first step will be checking on the implementation of the moratorium on all natural forest clearance that the company announced on february 1 2013 the concerns are based on apps past performance over the past decade it egregiously broke high profile agreements with wwf and the rainforest alliance to preserve areas designated as high conservation value app also missed three self imposed targets for phasing out logging of natural forests in sumatra since 2004 and has engaged in a clumsy public relations strategy that at times utilized astroturfing approaches and made dubious claims that have been refuted outright by ngos apps reputation hasnt been helped by its financial record in 2001 it defaulted on 13 9 billion in debt complicating efforts to raise money for expansion several fears about the new app commitment were highlighted by lafcadio cortesi a forest activist with the rainforest action network ran whose three year pulp and paper campaign has led several prominent book publishers to drop app as a supplier the rainforest action network welcomes apps latest rainforest commitment but we continue to have major concerns about its implementation given the companys history of reneging on past commitments of this kind and due to dozens of ongoing conflicts with communities over land grabbed by the company and its wood suppliers cortesi told mongabay com the company will need to develop announce and meet detailed implementation plans including performance targets benchmarks and timetables related to their environmental and social promises and put in place transparent systems for independent monitoring reporting and verification of the commitments before the companys customers and investors can trust their business and reputation with app and its products cortesi highlighted lingering concerns about app key developments in greenpeaces app campaign text courtesy of greenpeace international since the launch of our campaign more than 100 major national and international companies have broken ties with app these include adidas danone delhaize hasbro ing kraft lego mattel mondi montblanc nestl tesco in uk unilever and xerox july 2010 greenpeace international publishes pulping the planet revealing that major companies including kfc pizza hut and tesco are buying from app and showing how app is contributing to the destruction of tiger habitat in sumatra july 2010 publication of empires of destruction exposing sinar mas group wide expansion ambitions covering over a million hectares of indonesias rainforest and peatlands including wildlife habitat october 2010 greenpeace ship the rainbow warrior is refused entry to indonesia where it was to support campaign efforts to raise public awareness of deforestation and climate change november 2010 publication of protection money which uncovers huge expansion ambitions by government and the pulp sector that threatens millions of hectares of indonesias rainforests and peatlands june 2011 toying with destruction report released which shows that major toy companies are buying packaging from app that contains rainforest fibre greenpeace launches a global campaign against mattel with a high profile demonstration at mattels headquarters in el segundo and asks hasbro disney and lego to stop buying packaging from app and commit to making their supply chains deforestation free october 2011 mattel cancels its contracts with app and instructs its suppliers to avoid wood fibre from controversial sources including companies that are known to be involved in deforestation november 2011 hasbro cancels contracts with app november 2011 greenpeace china releases the disappearing rainforest showing that the tropical natural forests of the mountain eco regions of central hainan were reduced by approximately 1 4 between 2001 and 2010 half of this reduction was caused by the expansion of pulp plantations of app march 2012 greenpeace international releases the ramin trail report showing that ramin trees a protected species under international cites legislation had been illegally traded to apps main pulp mill march 2012 national geographic xerox and mondi confirm that they will not buy from app april 2012 danone cancels contracts with app and commits to develop new policies to tackle deforestation may 2012 a month after greenpeace canada reveals that the investment giant mackenzie financial has a 24 million stake in apps indah kiat paper mill mackenzie financial sells its stake may 2012 greenpeace international releases the junking the jungle report and reveals that kfc packaging bought from app contains rainforest fibre launch of global campaign to get kfc and its parent company yum to stop buying from app and make its supply chain deforestation free july 2012 kfc indonesia cancels contract with app october 2012 kfc uk and ireland cancels contract with app 5 february 2013 app commits to end all further rainforest clearance including peatland forests its unclear how apps secretive plans to build what may be the worlds largest pulp mill in south sumatra will impact the companys ability to meet its commitments and if the company will go ahead without the consent of local communities whose lands may be needed to supply land and wood for the mill the new mill which media reports have linked to app and its parent conglomerate the sinar mas group could require a capital investment of 1 5 billion or more it will also necessitate substantial new sources of fiber spurring fears that the mill could drive further forest clearing app says the new policy applies to it and all its suppliers in indonesia any indonesian fibre utilized by apps mills elsewhere including china and all future expansion the policy further states that recent independent assessments of the growth and yields of app suppliers plantation areas confirms that the company has sufficient plantation resources to meet the long term forecast demand for its pulp mills suggesting app is factoring in the new mill greenpeaces andy tait said the course of action on the mill would be a test of apps commitment concerns about any planned expansion by app are the lock in effect created by adding additional capacity without guaranteed access to sufficient plantation fibre to support it tait told mongabay app has commissioned studies which do suggest that the company has the fibre it needs and the company has very clearly stated in its forest conservation policy that all future expansion is included that has to mean if this policy is implemented that any new mill will not get built if there is not sufficient plantation fibre to supply it policy commitments the policy specifically addresses four areas third party suppliers high conservation value forests hcvf and high carbon stock hcs forests peatland management and social and community engagement app says it and its suppliers will only develop areas that are not forested as identified through independent hcvf and hcs assessments from february 1 2013 in practice this means auditors hired by app will assess vegetation within apps concessions for its carbon density and biological diversity app will only clear and establish plantations on land that is classified as old scrub under indonesias forestry classification system however any natural timber logged before february 1 can and will be pulped the policy also applies to suppliers whether they are app affiliates or independent operators a long standing point of contention among campaigners has been the ownership of companies app maintains are independent suppliers app will withdraw from all purchase and other agreements with any supplier who is found not to be in compliance with these commitments according to the policy tft is charged with monitoring these commitments app says it welcomes independent observers as well greenpeace notes that while there are general concerns about the process for assessing high conservation value forest including the incentive structure for auditors in this case app has engaged particularly well respected hcvf assessors peatlands commitment on peatlands carbon dense wetlands that make up a substantial proportion of apps holdings app says it commits to protecting forested peatland and will adopt best practice management to reduce and avoid ghg emissions within the peatland landscape as part of this app will suspend the excavation of canals that are typically used to drain peat swamps this pledge is significant because merely draining peatlands is a major source of carbon emissions from peat oxidation as well as ancient carbon carried away as the water table drops research commissioned by ran in 2010 estimated that apps emissions from paper production on peatlands were 16 21 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of paper or 500 times the figure put forth by the company at the time social conflict commitment apps social and community engagement commitment is likely to be the most challenging aspect of its new forest policy conflict over land in indonesia is rife due to overlapping jurisdictions lack of transparency around concessions and the governments failure to recognize traditional forest use working through these conflicts is complex and often costly for companies which is one of the principal reasons they seek forest concessions from the ministry of forestry if the central government signs off on a concession it has historically given a plantation developer considerable leeway in converting the land whether or not local communities traditionally use the land complicating land dispute resolution is the proclivity for internal conflict between and within communities apps policy says it will practice free prior and informed consent fpic in interacting with indigenous people and local communities as well as developing systems for resolving conflicts and handling complaints where new plantations are proposed app will respect the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities including recognition of customary land rights app has committed to independent hcvf assessments as part of this commitment and will in consultation with stakeholders develop further measures to implement fpic app will consult with ngos and other stakeholders to ensure that its protocols and procedures for fpic and conflict resolution are in accordance with international best practice app says it will invest in community development programs and recognize and respect the rights of its workers but app like many large concession holders in indonesia has numerous outstanding land conflicts just over the past week ive spoken with community leaders and the groups working with them about the plethora of ongoing unresolved human rights violations and land conflicts involving app and communities like datuk rajo malayu and senyerang in the sumatra provinces of riau and jambi said rans cortesi he added that app should suspend sourcing from areas where the company or suppliers are in conflict with local communities and develop a protocol for engaging with local communities that are in conflict with app including an in principle statement that app wishes to respect their customary rights in land will deal with its chosen leaders and will assist communities to find and pay for independent legal economic and environmental advice of their choice tfts poynton acknowledged that a lot of work needs to address social and community engagement past and forecast demand and production targets for indonesias pulp and paper industry implications for indonesia deforestation in indonesia has largely been a product of private sector pressure on the government to allocate forests for their exclusive use sometimes resulting in forced displacement of traditional forest users those users may then move into protected areas to the detriment of wildlife and ecosystem services the system which works well for the well heeled and politically connected has had a tremendous impact of indonesias biodiversity and carbon emissions the country often ranks in the top five largest carbon emitters due primarily to deforestation and peatland degradation while several of its most charismatic and best known animal species including tigers orangutans elephants and rhinos are critically endangered due to habitat destruction by the forestry sector timber pulp and paper and palm oil production generate 5 percent of indonesias economic output but account for more than two thirds of the countrys emissions the implications of the policy if fully implemented and maintained by app are considerable as one of indonesias largest and most prominent forest products brands app and its parent sinar mas are a powerful force in indonesian politics sinar mas also owns golden agri resources one of indonesias largest palm oil companies which in 2011 adopted a similar forest conservation policy app is a dominant voice in indonesias pulp and paper industry association apki which lobbies lawmakers on forest policy and influences the forestry department and its appetite for law enforcement the companys move could force other operators most obviously asia pacific resources international holdings ltd april another paper giant much maligned by environmentalists into adopting similar policies already greenpeace has put april on notice issuing a letter today asking the company to follow apps commitment app echoed the call for others to follow we hope our stakeholders will support our new policy help us along the way and urge other industry players to follow said app chairman teguh ganda wijaya app also said it will support the governments push to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation app has today committed to protect all natural forests across its supply chain as part of its plans to support the government of indonesias low carbon development strategy for our economy added aida greenbury app managing director for sustainability in a statement indonesia currently has a moratorium on new forestry concessions across 14 5 million hectares of rainforests and peatlands as part of its plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions the moratorium is slated to expire in three months extending it is highly controversial companies in the logging and plantation sectors seem to generally oppose extension industrial timber plantation in borneo photo by rhett a butler beyond indonesia apps policy could mark a major turning point in efforts to disaggregate commodity production from rainforest destruction over the past 15 30 years depending on the country large scale commodity production for urban and international markets has replaced subsistence agriculture as the biggest driver of tropical deforestation worldwide the production of a relatively limited number of commodities cattle palm oil timber pulp and paper and soybeans is directly responsible for the bulk of the damage minerals oil and gas development hydroelectric power generation and basic foodstuffs like rice and maize have a smaller role recent watershed commodity sourcing agreements year commodity country main producers main buyers 2011 palm oil indonesia golden agri resources unilever and nestle 2009 cattle ranching brazil jbs friboi bertin minerva and marfrig timberland nike adidas walmart carrefour and po de acar 2006 soy brazil grupo maggi cargill bunge archer daniels midland the brazilian association of vegetable oil producers and the national grains exporters association mcdonalds as such activists and conservationists are increasingly targeting these industries with market oriented campaigns greenpeace is the highest profile group using this strategy but dozens of smaller organizations are also having an impact with the approach at the same time traditional conservation groups like wwf and supply chain oriented outfits like tft and the rainforest alliance have been working directly with producers and traders to try to reduce the impact forest footprint of operations some advocate for certification schemes like the forest stewardship council fsc and the roundtable on sustainable palm oil rspo as vehicles while others push for individual company commitments to shift entire sectors and government policies while there remains considerable debate within the environmental community about the effectiveness of these approaches it is clear that some of the worlds biggest commodity buyers from unilever to nestle to mcdonalds are responding pressure from buyers and financiers is thought to be the driving force behind apps announcement it suggests others might follow spurring hopes that market transformation as it applies to deforestation may be starting to pay dividends the sentiment seems to be shared by both greenpeace and tft apps announcement of a forest conservation policy is a clear sign that holding u s companies accountable can have a transformational effect on major industries around the world said phil radford executive director of greenpeace usa in a statement indonesias irreplaceable rainforest now has a chance of being saved consumers and activists across america played a key part in making this happen apps commitments show other producers worldwidewhether they sell pulp and paper palm oil soy or beefthat it is possible to run a business without destroying humanitys habitat said tfts poynton related articles harpercollins establishes policy barring paper sourced from rainforest destruction 01 29 2013 harpercollins has established a policy that excludes paper sourced from destruction of tropical rainforests and old growth forests the revised policy posted on its web site earlier this month is a response to a campaign by the rainforest action network ran an activist group that is targeting companies linked to clearing of indonesian rainforests and peatlands for pulp and paper production dead tigers dead people logging by paper industry worsens human tiger conflict in sumatra alleges report 01 10 2013 destruction of rainforests and peatlands on the indonesian island of sumatra by the pulp and paper industry is worsening conflict between tigers and humans including fatal encounters alleges a new report published by a coalition of environmental groups in riau sumatra the report looks specifically at five concessions operated by companies that supply wood to asia pulp paper app and its corporate parent the sinar mas group smg the report says that the majority of human tiger conflict incidents in riau between 1997 and 2009 occurred within these concessions paper giant breaks pledge to end rainforest logging in sumatra says group 12 26 2012 pulp and paper giant asia pacific resources international limited april continues to destroy large areas of rainforests and peatlands despite a commitment to end natural forest logging by 2009 says a new report issued by a coalition of indonesian environmental groups the eyes on the forest report finds that april and its suppliers cleared at least 140 000 hectares 346 000 acres of natural forest between 2008 and 2011 in riau accounting for 27 percent of all forest loss in the province during the period some of the area cleared by april and its subsidiaries consisted of deep peat swamp forest which stores massive amount of carbon rights groups environmentalists aim to block funding for new sumatran pulp mill 11 16 2012 a coalition of more than 60 civil society groups has warned bankers and insurers not to invest in a massive new mill slated for construction on the island of sumatra the ngos say the mill will drive deforestation and increase conflict in a region already wracked with social and environmental problems after protracted greenpeace campaign kfc uk says it will no longer source from asia pulp paper 10 31 2012 after months of pressure from greenpeace on its alleged links to deforestation in indonesia kfc uk ireland has adopted a forest policy that excludes fiber sourced via conversion of tropical rainforests the policy excludes suppliers like asia pulp paper app the chinese indonesian forestry giant that has been the primary target of the greenpeace campaign but appears to apply only to kentucky fried chicken operations in britain and ireland app overstates significance of its logging moratorium in indonesia says report 10 25 2012 beleaguered forestry giant asia pulp paper app is overstating the conservation significance of its recently announced moratorium on forest conversion on the islands of sumatra and borneo argues a new report issued by an indonesian activist group sustainability pact aside greenpeace says paper giant app must stop facilitating deforestation 09 27 2012 asia pulp paper app must stop accepting timber sourced from clearance of rainforests and peatlands for its sustainability pact to have any credibility says greenpeace in eco pact will controversial paper giant app turn over a new leaf 09 26 2012 over the past decade and a half there has arguably been no paper supplier as controversial as asia pulp paper app an umbrella brand for several indonesian forestry companies the paper giant has been dogged by allegations that is destroying key wildlife habitat driving substantial greenhouse gas emissions through the conversion of peat forests dispossessing local communities of land and engaging in a heavy handed campaign to undermine its critics within indonesia and abroad its reputation hasnt be helped by its financial record in 2001 it defaulted on 13 9 billion in debt making it difficult for app to raise money for expansion app establishes deforestation moratorium in jambi greens remain skeptical 09 06 2012 asia pulp paper app has established a moratorium on natural forest conversion in jambi province on the island of sumatra according to a report issued by the indonesian forestry giant rainforests decline sharply in sumatra but rate of deforestation slows 08 28 2012 the extent of old growth forest in sumatra shrank by 40 percent over the past 20 years while overall forest on the indonesian island declined by 36 percent finds a comprehensive new satellite based assessment published in environmental research letters the research conducted by an international team led by belinda arunarwati margono of south dakota state university and indonesias ministry of forestry reveals the dire condition of sumatras once extensive rainforests overall sumatra lost 7 5 million hectares of forest between 1990 and 2010 of which about 2 6 million hectares was primary forest the bulk of forest loss occurred in secondary forests that had been previously degraded by logging indonesias pulp and paper targets incompatible with green growth goals 08 10 2012 indonesias pulp and paper targets incompatible with green growth goals indonesias ambitious targets for boosting pulp and paper production to make it the worlds lowest cost producer are at odds with its push for green economic growth should expansion proceed on its current business as usual path said a forestry expert presenting at the annual meeting of the association for tropical biology and conservation atbc in bonito brazil apps new sustainability roadmap wont spare unprotected tiger habitat in sumatra 07 27 2012 asia pulp papers new sustainability commitment represents a scaling back of earlier environmental pledges and does not offer new protection for natural forests in sumatra alleges a new report from eyes on the forest a coalition of green groups based in riau sumatra another red herring from asia pulp paper on its deforestation problem 05 29 2012 in a press release issued last thursday asia pulp paper app asserted that the presence of mixed tropical hardwood fiber mth in its products does not come from the felling of virgin tropical rainforest trees in indonesia the embattled paper giant goes on to say that the presence of mth fiber says nothing about whether the product is sustainable or not and that mth can be found easily in recycled paper all these points are true but what app doesnt tell you is that its response is yet another facade in its effort to deflect criticism from its forestry practices ongoing deforestation puts app in breach of debt restructuring agreements finds report 03 27 2012 asia pulp paper app has broken legally binding debt restructuring agreements by continuing to clear native forests in sumatra alleges a new report from eyes on the forest a coalition of indonesian environmental groups xerox we no longer buy from asia pulp paper 03 21 2012 xerox no longer buys paper products from asia pulp paper app a singapore based paper giant under fire for its forest management practices in indonesia according to a statement published on the companys official blog late last week after illegal logging allegations certifier lodges complaint against paper giant app 03 07 2012 less than a week after greenpeace released evidence that protected tree species were being illegally logged and pulped at an asia pulp and paper app mill in sumatra a major certifier the program for the endorsement of forest certification pefc has lodged a complaint and asked for an investigation in addition to pefcs move the national geographic society ngs which was found to be sourcing from app recently has publicly broken ties with the company and greenpeace has handed over its evidence to indonesian police who told the group there would be an investigation investigation links app to illegal logging of protected trees 03 01 2012 a year long undercover investigation has found evidence of asia pulp and paper app companies cutting and pulping legally protected ramin trees a practice that violates both indonesian and international law found largely in sumatras peatswamp forests the logging of ramin trees in the genus gonystylus has been banned in indonesia since 2001 the trees are also listed under appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species cites and thus require special permits to export the new allegations come after app an umbrella paper brand has lost several customers due to its continued reliance on pulp from rainforest and peatland forests in sumatra national geographic linked to rainforest destruction 03 01 2012 a new report by greenpeace has found a direct link between national geographic society ngs products and rainforest destruction in indonesia that threatens tigers and orangutans an analysis on national geographic books found sumatran rainforest fiber from asia pulp and paper app a brand whose suppliers have been linked to rainforest destruction in sumatra and in the most recent greenpeace report alleged illegal logging of protected rainforest trees one of the worlds largest non profit science and educational organizations national geographic is known worldwide for its magazines documentaries and award winning photos the organization also has a long standing history of championing environmental and conservation issues however national geographic says it has not sourced app paper for several years paper giant hammered on forest certification claims 02 15 2012 beleaguered paper giant asia pulp paper was sharply criticized wednesday for its claims that its operations are certified sustainable by independent auditors wwf said its survey of certifiers and certification schemes shows that none apply to the most controversial operations of apps suppliers clearing of rainforests and peatlands that are home to endangered tigers elephants and orangutans in responding to complaints from environmentalists that its operations are responsible for large scale destruction of native forests app often touts various certification standards which it says demonstrate its commitment to sustainability yet the new wwf survey found that these standards dont apply across all of the paper giants operations apps suppliers in indonesia continue to harvest and convert natural forests nor do the certification standards necessarily prove that apps forest management practices are sustainable some toilet paper production destroys indonesian rainforests endangering tigers and elephants 02 09 2012 american consumers are unwittingly contributing to the destruction of endangered rainforests in sumatra by purchasing certain brands of toilet paper asserts a new report published by the environmental group wwf the report dont flush tiger forests toilet paper u s supermarkets and the destruction of indonesias last tiger habitats takes aim at two tissue brands that source fiber from asia pulp paper app a paper products giant long criticized by environmentalists and scientists for its forestry practices on the indonesian island of sumatra the brands paseo and livi are among the fastest growing in terms of sales in the united states new analysis supports claim that paper giant cleared part of its tiger sanctuary in indonesia 12 21 2011 asia pulp paper app s supplier pt ruas utama jaya has indeed cleared an area of forest it pledged to set aside as a tiger conservation reserve in sumatra reports a legal analysis by greenomics an indonesian environmental group the greenomics analysis supports allegations originally set forth in a report published last week by eyes on the forest a coalition of green groups and seems to refute a press release issued by app that called the deforestation allegations fiction wwf asia pulp paper misleads public about its role in destroying indonesias rainforests 12 16 2011 asia pulp paper app continues to mislead the public about its role in destroying rainforests and critical tiger habitat across the indonesian island of sumatra alleges a new report from eyes on the forest a coalition of indonesian environmental groups including wwf indonesia the report titled the truth behind apps greenwash is based on analysis of satellite imagery as well as public and private documentation of forest cleared by logging companies that supply app which is owned by the indonesian conglomerate sinar mas group smg the report concludes apps fiber suppliers have destroyed 2 million hectares of forest in sumatra since 1984 report questions legitimacy of asia pulp papers conservation initiatives 11 22 2011 a new report by an indonesian environmental group casts doubt on asia pulp papers commitment to sustainability in its corporate social responsibility reports and advertisements asia pulp paper app one of indonesias largest pulp and paper suppliers has touted several forest reserves as indicators of its commitment to environmental stewardship app has portrayed these as voluntary goodwill efforts to conserve sumatras endangered wildlife but in a new report greenomics indonesia a jakarta based ngo says that at best these projects represent compliance with existing indonesian laws or are in areas where commercial exploitation isnt viable war of words between greenpeace asia pulp paper over deforestation allegations 11 16 2011 greenpeace and asia pulp paper app a giant global paper supplier are locked in a heated battle over the activist groups allegations that app products contain fiber sourced from the destruction of forests in indonesia at stake is apps access to some of the worlds most lucrative markets until app provides solid evidence refuting greenpeaces accusation that its pulp and paper production isnt coming at the expense of natural forests in indonesia app will have a difficult time winning over critics toy giant mattel drops paper from app and other controversial sources 10 05 2011 the worlds biggest toy maker mattel has pledged to overhaul its paper sourcing policies after a hard hitting campaign from greenpeace linked the toy giant to rainforest destruction in indonesia by asia pulp and paper app today mattel pledged to increase the use of recycled paper and sustainably certified fiber to 70 percent by the years end and 85 percent by 2015 in addition the company has said any controversial company engaged in natural forest destruction will be kept out of its supply line referring to but not naming directly app surprisingly app told mongabay com that it applauds mattels new commitments asia pulp paper to undertake human rights audit 09 22 2011 paper products giant asia pulp paper app will undertake a human rights audit across its indonesian operations the move which app says is an acknowledgment of a recent united nations call for the global protection of human rights by businesses comes as app intensifies its effort to improve its image abroad app a brand for paper products manufactured by several subsidiaries in indonesia has been beset by criticism from environmental and human rights group over its development of timber plantations on the island of sumatra the complaints have cost app a number of prominent customers app affiliate regrets astroturfing on indonesia deforestation claims 08 21 2011 solaris an australian affiliate of asia pulp and paper app has been caught astroturfing an article that repeated criticism of app from greenpeace the article which appeared on mumbrellaan australian media and marketing news sitegarnered a multitude of negative comments which were later tracked to ip addresses used by solaris astroturfing is corporate or government messaging falsified as coming from the public or a grassroots movement palm oil paper drive large scale destruction of indonesias forests but account for diminishing role in economy says report 07 27 2011 indonesias forests were cleared at a rate of 1 5 million hectares per year between 2000 and 2009 reports a new satellite based assessment by forest watch indonesia fwi an ngo expansion of oil palm and wood pulp plantations were the biggest drivers of deforestation yet account for a declining share of the national economy the study which compared year 2000 data with 2009 landsat images from nasa found that indonesias forest cover declined from 103 32 million hectares to 88 17 million hectares in ten years since 1950 indonesia lost more than 46 percent of its forests barbie legos other toys linked to destruction of indonesias rainforests 06 07 2011 some of the worlds largest and most prominent toy makers are sourcing their packaging materials from companies linked to large scale destruction of indonesias rainforests alleges a new report from greenpeace the report how app is toying with extinction is based on forensic analysis of toy packaging from mattel which manufacturers barbie and hot wheels toys disney which makes a variety of toys linked to its movies hasbro which produces gi joe star wars and sesame street toys and various games like monopoly and scrabble and lego which makes the iconic plastic building blocks the analysis found traces of mixed tropical hardwood mth and acacia fiber which are principally sourced from asia pulp paper app an umbrella paper products brand that sources from several companies that have been linked to rainforest destruction in sumatra 7 conglomerates control 9m ha of land in indonesia 05 05 2011 efforts to slow deforestation in indonesia should include curtailing further expansion of forestry holdings by giant conglomerates says an indonesian activist group analyzing data from the ministry of forests production forest utilization quarterly report jakarta based greenomics indonesia found that seven conglomerates in indonesia control more than 9 million hectares of land including large forest concessions that will likely be exempt from any moratorium on forest clearing established under the countrys reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation redd program the extent of holdings could complicate indonesias efforts to reduce emissions from logging and plantation development pulp and paper firms urged to save 1 2m ha of forest slated for clearing in indonesia 03 17 2011 indonesian environmental groups launched a urgent plea urging the countrys two largest pulp and paper companies not to clear 800 000 hectares of forest and peatland in their concessions in sumatra eyes on the forest a coalition of indonesian ngos released maps showing that asia pulp and paper app and asia pacific resources international limited april control blocks of land representing 31 percent of the remaining forest in the province of riau one of sumatras most forested provinces much of the forest lies on deep peat which releases large of amount of carbon when drained and cleared for timber plantations mcdonalds launches new sourcing policy for palm oil paper beef to reduce global environmental impact 03 11 2011 mcdonalds announced a far reaching sourcing policy that could significantly reduce the fast food giants impact on the environment including global forests yesterday mcdonalds unveiled its sustainable land management commitment a policy that requires its suppliers to use agricultural raw materials for the companys food and packaging that originate from sustainably managed land does chopping down rainforests for pulp and paper help alleviate poverty in indonesia 01 13 2011 over the past several years asia pulp paper has engaged in a marketing campaign to represent its operations in sumatra as socially and environmentally sustainable app and its agents maintain that industrial pulp and paper production as practiced in sumatra does not result in deforestation is carbon neutral helps protect wildlife and alleviates poverty while a series of analyses and reports have shown most of these assertions to be false the final claim has largely not been contested but is conversion of lowland rainforests for pulp and paper really in indonesias best economic interest pulp plantations destroying sumatras rainforests 11 30 2010 indonesias push to become the worlds largest supplier of palm oil and a major pulp and paper exporter has taken a heavy toll on the rainforests and peatlands of sumatra reveals a new assessment of the islands forest cover by wwf the assessment based on analysis of satellite imagery shows sumatra has lost nearly half of its natural forest cover since 1985 the islands forests were cleared and converted at a rate of 542 000 hectares or 2 1 percent per year more than 80 percent of forest loss occurred in lowland areas where the most biodiverse and carbon dense ecosystems are found scientists blast greenwashing by front groups 10 27 2010 a group of prominent scientists has published an open letter challenging the objectivity of world growth international an ngo that claims to operate on behalf of the worlds poor and its leader alan oxley a former trade diplomat who also chairs its global a marketing firm the letter published online in several forums slams world growth and its global as a front groups for forestry companies the scientists note that while the groups have not disclosed their sources of funding they assert its receives funding from sinar mas an indonesian conglomerate that controls asia pulp paper app a forest products brand and sinar mas agro resources technology a palm oil firm among other companies corporations conservation and the green movement 10 21 2010 the image of rainforests being torn down by giant bulldozers felled by chainsaw wielding loggers and torched by large scale developers has never been more poignant corporations have today replaced small scale farmers as the prime drivers of deforestation a shift that has critical implications for conservation until recently deforestation has been driven mostly by povertypoor people in developing countries clearing forests or depleting other natural resources as they struggle to feed their families government policies in the 60s 70s and 80s had a multiplier effect subsidizing agricultural expansion through low interest loans infrastructure projects and ambitious colonization schemes especially in the amazon and indonesia but over the past two decades this has changed in many countries due to rural depopulation a decline in state sponsored development projects the rise of globalized financial markets and a worldwide commodity boom deforestation overfishing and other forms of environmental degradation are now primarily the result of corporations feeding demand from international consumers while industrial actors exploit resources more efficiently and cause widespread environmental damage they also are more sensitive to pressure from consumers and environmental groups thus in recent years it has become easierand more ethicalfor green groups to go after corporations than after poor farmers article published by rhett butler activism archive certification corporate environmental transgressors deforestation environment environmental activism featured forest people forestry green happy upbeat environmental human rights indonesia s forest moratorium logging palm oil plantations pulp and paper rainforests rhett butler recent posts calls for justice after latest murder of indigenous guajajara leader in brazil nigeria declares new conservation zone for most threatened chimpanzee first covid 19 case among indigenous people confirmed in brazilian amazon the kelps are alright studies reveal resilience in kelp forests a third of perus la pampa forest cleared for illegal mining ponds study finds view targeted feeds by topic by location agriculture animals birds climate change conservation deforestation energy featured forests happy upbeat environmental herps indigenous peoples interviews mammals new species oceans palm oil rainforests technology wildlife many more topics africa amazon asia australia borneo brazil cameroon central america china colombia congo india indonesia latin america madagascar malaysia new guinea peru sumatra united states browse more locations social channels facebook twitter instagram linkedin youtube rss xml email updates podcast our biweekly podcast delivering news inspiration from natures frontline quick updates daily topic based news alerts republish you may republish mongabay content in your publication at no cost special series endangered environmentalists on anniversary of nuns murder amazon land rights activists at high risk iran upholds heavy sentences for conservationists convicted of spying two deaths trigger alarm at mexicos monarch butterfly biosphere reserve more articles indonesias forest guardians reforesting a village in indonesia one batch of gourmet beans at a time restoring sumatras leuser ecosystem one small farm at a time indigenous iban community defends rainforests but awaits lands rights recognition more articles conservation effectiveness failure in conservation projects everyone experiences it few record it on a wing and a prayer evidence for ways to conserve bats commentary audio the sounds of a rare new zealand bird reintroduced to its native habitat more articles southeast asian infrastructure indonesia road graft case lands papua official contractor in prison road project in economically deprived indonesian region threatens wildlife habitat indonesian activists denounce a road being built illegally in leopard habitat more articles amazon infrastructure br 319 illegal side road threatens amazon protected area indigenous land commentary barrage of mining requests targets brazils isolated indigenous peoples database offers new details on the dams that hold mining waste more articles asian rhinos indonesia wwf split puts rhino breeding project in borneo in limbo indonesian officials wield sharia law in defense of sumatran rhinos love triangle complicates efforts to breed sumatran rhinos more articles indonesian fisheries indonesian anti graft enforcers set their sights on a new target corporations this solar powered device aims to clean 1 000 rivers will it work indonesias lake poso an evolutionary gem threatened by dam more articles conservation in madagascar national parks in africa shutter over covid 19 threat to great apes three new species of chameleons emerge from centuries old entanglement madagascar off pace to meet aichi targets which is bad news for the world more articles </s>

<s>[INST] coal mining jobs documentary films [/INST] coal miner 42min reality tv episode aired 8 august 2006 season 2 episode 18 previous all episodes 166 next mike rowe gets dirty as he helps a group of new jersey salvage experts tear apart a dormitory at an abandoned college then rowe rolls up his sleeve and goes to work as a coal miner stars mike rowe randy rothermel jr john rothermel see full cast crew added to watchlist add to watchlist view production box office company info o shea jackson jr and his dad don t always agree on role choices from straight outta compton and ingrid goes west to just mercy o shea jackson jr has had to shape his own acting identity watch now dj view noteworthy reboots and remakes you can add little women to the list take a look at even more movies and tv shows that were so nice they made em twice at least see the full gallery around the web powered by zergnet share this rating title coal miner 08 aug 2006 7 3 10 want to share imdb s rating on your own site use the html below you must be a registered user to use the imdb rating plugin login show html view more styles photos add image add an image do you have any images for this title edit cast episode credited cast mike rowe himself host rest of cast listed alphabetically randy rothermel jr himself john rothermel himself randy rothermel himself steve rothermel himself josh white himself matt white himself steve white himself see full cast view production box office company info edit storyline mike rowe gets dirty as he helps a group of new jersey salvage experts tear apart a dormitory at an abandoned college then rowe rolls up his sleeve and goes to work as a coal miner plot summary add synopsis genres reality tv parents guide add content advisory for parents edit details release date 8 august 2006 usa see more filming locations upsala college east orange new jersey usa company credits show more on imdbpro technical specs runtime 42 min see full technical specs edit did you know soundtracks we care a lot written by chuck mosley roddy bottum billy gould as william gould mike bordin and jim martin performed by faith no more see more frequently asked questions this faq is empty add the first question user reviews review this title getting started contributor zone contribute to this page clear your history recently viewed </s>

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<s>[INST] quarry business in south africa [/INST] quarry industry gaining momentum owing to infrastructure development and legal compliance south africas quarry industry up in arms against borrow pits major global companies seek mining investments in africa south africas small quarries overregulated and unsustainable be our partner quarry and concrete 2017 is a wonderful opportunity which provides you with a deep understanding of the trends in the industry and allows you to promote your brand and services to the multitude of prospects grow your business with the leaders in the quarry and concrete industry gain leverage through the best practices for business and explore the opportunities ahead find out the partnership opportunities conference agenda quarry and concrete 2017 27 28 july 2017 gaborone botswana day 1 july 27 2017 8 30 am registration coffee 9 00 am chairmans welcome remarks analysing the growth of precast concrete by 2020 presenter quintin booysen marketing and sales manager pmsa achieving underground efficiency examining the latest emulsion technologies information systems presenter niel alberts sr operations manager underground bme 10 30 am morning coffee break networking in pit crushing and conveying systems identifying cost effective in pit semi mobile crushing solutions presenter demitri kokoroyanis product manager crushing screening technology minerals processing thyssenkrupp industrial solutions africa pty ltd 1 00 pm networking lunch outlookquarry and concrete industry of africa presenter nico pienaar director aspasa tackling occupational health issues affecting mine and quarry employees presenter mohlabani jan mepha director principal mining hygiene boletshe holdings pty ltd technological advancement latest equipment for drilling and rock excavation presenter ditiro kgowe business development manager mining and rock excavation atlas copco botswana 3 20 pm afternoon coffee break networking employing effective crushing and screening methods for quarry aggregates presenter fernando abelho sales manager africa pilot crushtec international q a 5 00 pm end of day 1 day 2 july 28 2017 9 00 am chairmans welcome remarks identifying the recent trends in concrete manufacturing across east africa rising cement consumption signals growth in east africa for construction opportunities and building materials complete analysis comprising key industry drivers restraints demand production trends and forecasts for the total east african cement industry is essential for analyzing the current situation and forecast for the concrete industry attaining guineas potential adopting essential tools for attracting mining investment to the republic of guinea presenter mouhamed kebe managing partner geni kebe 10 30 am morning coffee break networking advantages of adopting drone technology in quarrying operations the drone technology is apt for measuring stockpile inventories exploring new means of delivering data and monitoring geotechnical situations where physically putting people is not only impossible but also dangerous drone technology maps and accesses steep inclines administer security risks collate optimized blast designs and record evidences and monitor surface stability from a remote implementing safety programs in mining and quarrying sites to achieve occupational health and safety awareness presenter charles siwawa ceo botswana chamber of mines dust managementfinding innovative ways for controlling dust in quarrying latest practices used to prevent dust from becoming airborne includes water spraying hydro seeding tillage polymers dust suppression and de watering of tailings moreover dust control during sand and gravel processing can be done effectively with innovative technologies of dust filtering application of these dust control practices assist in promoting a safer environment for the workers q a 1 00 pm lunch 2 00 pm end of conference agenda content and timeline subject to change dr jonathan hogarh senior lecturer kwame nkrumah university of science and technology dr jonathan hogarh is a senior lecturer at the kwame nkrumah university of science and technology kumasi ghana he holds a phd in risk management and environmental sciences from yokohama national university in japan he has over 12 years of experience working in academia research and environmental consulting his research focuses on chemical stressors and their behaviour in various media air biota water soil and sediment and environmental risk issues particularly those pertaining to chemical risks from heavy metals persistent organic pollutants pops pesticides etc he is also involved in waste management water treatment and environmental health research as well as bio phyto remediation of contaminated mine sites mohlabani jan mepha director principal mining hygiene boletshe holdings pty ltd jan mohlabani mepha is the founder and managing director of boletshe holdings pty ltd boletshe holdings is one of the emerging south african based company that provide services for occupational hygiene and environmental monitoring to mining quarry and mineral processing sector our services are intent to assist our client to manage occupational health risks in the workplace to below occupational exposure limit oel and enhance employee health safety and welfare at the workplace boletshe holdings obligation to fulfill services of occupational hygiene and environmental monitoring as promised is coordinated by mohlabani jan mepha and currently work as principal mining hygiene practitioner jan is competent to be engaged by employer as mining occupational hygiene practitioner in terms of section 12 1 of the south african mine health and safety act 29 of 1996 as amended and he has over 20 years work experience in south african mines prior to starting boletshe holdings mohlabani jan worked for various mining companies in south africa including gold mines platinum mines and chrome mines jan is competent to be engaged by employer as mining hygiene practitioner in terms of section 12 1 read with section 7 2 of the south african mine health and safety act 29 of 1996 as amended from 2006 to 2011 jan was employed by xstrata alloys chrome mining division as an occupational health and hygiene superintendent and managed the underground mine ventilation systems occupational hygiene program and occupational health centre clinic across all operations of western chrome mines in 2000 to 2006 he was employed with lonmin platinum mine as sectional ventilation officer and acting ventilation manager responsible for underground ventilation systems and occupational hygiene program from the period 1994 2000 he worked for hartebeesfontein gold mine as ventilation officer and responsible for monitoring underground mine ventilation systems nico pienaar director aspasa nico has worked in a law firm in an insurance company bank credit company a trade union the building industry corporate groups of companies and employers producers association nico has covered the legal field banking industry the vehicle finance industry mining manufacturing industry and construction and concrete industry training industrial relations negotiations etc his key performance areas includes advising the industry on various aspects such as labour relations health safety environmental legislation technical matters and statistics managing the affairs of the association from strategic planning and marketing to finance and daily administration budget allocation and financial control of a fixed amount received at the start of the financial year liaising with educational institutions on training for industry ditiro kgowe business development manager mining and rock excavation atlas copco botswana currently a business development manager in charge of mining and rock excavation technique in charge of capital equipment surface mining underground mining and quarrying and well as rock drilling tolls for drilling seventeen years experience in mining covering legal aspect as an assistant inspector of explosives at the department of mines open pit mining with debswana diamond company and mining sales with barloworld equipment and atlas copco graduated with a diploma in mining engineering from the university of botswana and developed my mining profession covering management project management and operations management fernando abelho sales manager africa crushtec international fernando abelho is the africa sales manager for pilot crushtec international a south african organisation specializing in manufacturing and distribution of crushing and screening equipment pilot crushtec international is the official distributor of metso mobile finland rubblemaster austria and edge innovate northern ireland for southern africa with over 20 years of experience of operating in africa in various fields fernando has built up a wealth of experience on crushing and screening circuit design development and oprimisation fernando joined pilot crushtec in 2009 and throughout his career has travelled to over 20 african and many european countries and built up a great knowledge of different operating environments and conditions mouhamed kebe managing partner geni kebe mouhamed kebe is the managing partner of geni kebe his practice encompasses corporate and investment law with a particular focus on natural resources oil gas mining and energy top tier ranked in chambers global as a leader in his field mouhamed is also highly recommended in iflr1000 energy and infrastructure and is named in whos who legal mining for his work across the west and central african region this has included advising cairn energy on their notable first off shore oil discovery in senegal mouhamed graduated with merit from the university of essex united kingdom and the university of dakar cheikh anta diop senegal and earned a certificate in international commercial and investment arbitration from the university of london he is qualified with the senegalese bar association 1993 and is a member of the law society of england and wales international division demitri kokoroyanis product manager crushing screening technology minerals processing thyssenkrupp industrial solutions africa pty ltd demitri kokoroyanis started working at the age of 16 as a millwright apprentice where he obtained his national technical certificate from the johannesburg technical college when demitri qualified he spent several years in the field of wear abrasives metal products product testing manufacturing and design he further went on to obtain his business management diploma and professional sales skills diploma to help his career going forward demitri kokoroyanis joined thyssenkrupp industrial solutions in 2012 in the minerals processing department to head up the crushing screening technology portfolio for the sub saharan region demitris portfolio also includes our standard machine business which is an exciting new product line especially for the aggregate market which he feels has a very good future within thyssenkrupp and especially sub saharan africa charles siwawa chief executive officer botswana chamber of mines mr charles siwawa is currently employed as the chief executive officer of the botswana chamber of mines based in gaborone a position he has occupied since 2010 he holds a masters degree in industrial and administrative sciences from city university london uk over a mining engineering degree from the university of leeds uk mr siwawa has extensive background in the mining industry in botswana prior to joining the botswana chamber of mines he was employed by debswana diamond company in various capacities from 1982 until 2009 quintin booysen marketing and sales manager pmsa quintin booysen holds professional degrees in b sc building science pdba cum laude and mba cum laude quintin has been in the industry for 20 years having travelled to over 50 countries and throughout africa for the training consulting and directing of businesses in entering the concrete pre cast sector including concrete brick block paving concrete roof tile concrete piping concrete kerbstone and flagstone concrete batching and ready mix sectors quintin has the experience in both start up small scale plant development and supply right through to the largest possible fully automated plants he currently works at pmsa the leading and largest concrete equipment solutions and technology provider on the continent and is involved in several projects across southern and eastern africa niel alberts sr operations manager underground bme neil alberts joined the mining industry in 1999 and he has spent some 17 years servicing the underground environment he holds an explosives technology qualifications from the university of south africa a diploma in business administration and marketing management from the south african institute of management he is currently studying towards an mba neil is a member of the association of mine managers of south africa and an associate member of institute of directors of south africa neil joined bme in 2005 and is currently employed as an operations manager underground systems technology delegate 799 exhibitor 1099 all conference session conference proceedings on site lunches refreshment breaks table top exhibiton display logo promotion pdf registeration form register register online register register register 3 send 4th one free any organization wishing to send multiple attendees to this conference may send 1 free for every 3 delegates registered please note that all the 3 participants must register at the same time to avail this benefit note all payments are made in usd registration fee only covers cost of all sessions luncheon coffee tea presentations fee does not include any travel or accommodation expenses fee is not inclusive of 5 admin bank charges venue phakalane golf estate hotel resort address plot 61238 phakalane gaborone botswana gaborone botswana phone 27 71 608 1777 for accommodation reservation please email to reservations phakalane co bw fom phakalane co bw website http www phakalanehotel com partnership presenters mouhamed kebe is the managing partner of geni kebe read more demitri kokoroyanis started working at the age of 16 as a millwright apprentice where he obtained his read more mr charles siwawa is currently employed as the chief executive officer of the botswana chamber of mines based in read more quintin booysen holds professional degrees in b sc building science read more neil alberts joined the mining industry in 1999 and he has spent some read more who will you network with head vp director project manager quarry operations managers cement aggregate concrete civil engineers geotechnical experts contractor site managers government bodies our clients quick links home about us contact us privacy policy terms of use location asia australia europe middle east new zealand africa south america united states industry building construction 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<s>[INST] buy wood ash [/INST] how to not make homemade lye this post may contain affiliate links see the disclosure policy for more information 101 shares pin this 91 facebook 10 email this my adventures in homesteading and self sufficiency have been really fun for me most of the time i was excited to try to make homemade soap from scratch just like homesteaders did long ago i mean soap is a necessity for survival long term you eat on dishes and you need to clean them with soap your clothes need cleaned you need soap you take a bath yep you need soap it is a basic necessity and i decided to try to figure out the process to make homemade soap you need lye what is lye you ask lye is an alkaline solution made from wood ash that will totally burn your skin if you get any on you but when combined with a fat substance like lard or tallow you will get homemade soap through a chemical reaction i have already made homemade soap using lye that i purchased from the store and i love it love it peoplei have none left from my first batch and need to make some more pioneers from long ago made their own homemade lye using wood ash and rain water to leach the lye out of it here is an old article clip from a book about making soap from lye its so interesting from researching online for a few days i read that i needed some river rocks straw wood ash a barrel and rain water but it couldnt be just any wood ash it needed to be wood ash from a hard wood type of tree problem is i live in the city i have one baby apple tree in my yard and i wasnt planning on chopping it down for this experiment and you cannot just go down to the grocery store and buy the wood bundles they sell there because at least in our area they are all pine which is not a hard wood a hard wood would be oak maple apple cherry etc i searched on craigslist and saw people selling firewood bundles but everyone i called only had soft wood types for sale we do have orchards around my area and a guy from my church said he would bring me some but then he moved away and i never received it drats it was not looking good for me then this past june i was able to visit my parents in missouri they live on 30 acres full of trees and guess what they were oak and maple treeswoo hoo so i asked my dad if he would gather some branches and make me some ash to take back to washington so he did he loves me i tell ya we burned a whole wheelbarrow full of wood and it was awesome a great night for a bonfire this was the highlight of making lye for me spending time with my papa around a fire the next morning the branches were all burned down to a fine white ash as you can see in this picture i bagged it up in a gallon sized bag i was hoping i could get it onto the plane home without them thinking i was carrying drugs or something but as it went through the scanners and checks nothing happened at all so for future reference you can bring wood ash aboard a plane i know you will all be relieved to know that when i got home i got really busy with homesteading and gardening tasks and didnt get around to making lye until a few weeks ago my first step was to drill a small hole into a plastic bin apparently you should check to see if your plastic bin is strong enough to keep the lye by pouring boiling water in it to see if it ruins or melts it real bad i didnt do thisi guess i am a risk taker that or just lazy yeah probably lazy next i added a cork to the small hole then i took it outside to start filling the lye container with rocks and straw first layer was some river rocks second layer i added 6 inches of straw then i sprinkled my wood ash on top of the straw to make it easy later to get the lye out of the container i put my bin on top of some logs then i poured the water over the ash i didnt have rain water i live in the desert and there wasnt any rain for the past month so i bought a few gallons of distilled water poured it over until the water came out the hole which was pretty much instantly then i plugged up the hole with the cork i allowed it to sit there for 3 days after 3 days you should have lye the above picture is how it looked before the 3 days and this picture is how it looked after the 3 days i opened the cork to release the liquid into a bowl and then plugged the cork back in using gloves of course next it was testing time time to see if my lye is strong enough to make soap with you can test with a chicken feather if it dissolves then your lye is ready or you can drop an egg in there and see if it floats my egg did not float my feather did not dissolve so i poured the liquid back in and waited 3 more days still the same result i waited a few more days again same thing waited 7 days nothin i failed at making lye i probably needed more ash or something i have no idea of why it didnt work maybe its because i used distilled water instead of rain water not sure either way i was really frustrated i decided to just give up i didnt want to deal with trying to find more ash and real rainwater its just too easy to go an buy some lye from the hardware store instead i almost didnt even post this because who really wants to read about failure i seem to have a whole lot of failures but its what keeps me appreciating when i have successes i suppose you can bet that if there was a zombie apocolyspe or something i would totally be trying this again in the wild but for now i will be buying lye at the store for 3 99 maybe i will even buy a few extras to store now that i know how hard it is to make i hope you enjoyed this post on how not to make homemade lye let me know if you have ever successfully made lye yourself and tell me what you think i did wrong pssssst make sure to follow along with happymoneysaver on instagram connect with me on facebook and pin along with me on pinterest want all the latest straight to your inbox get the happy money saver newsletter straight to your inbox </s>

<s>[INST] belarus forestry company [/INST] uk trade mission to belarus opens frontiers to new business opportunities this guest blog post is by the embassy of belarus in the uk on 17 20 june 2018 a uk timber trade delegation visited belarus the mission was organised by the embassy of belarus in the uk with the information supported by the uk timber trade federation ttf the belarusian universal commodity exchange hosted the visit and fully covered the stay in belarus while the uk department for international trade was listed among the partners of the project four uk companies took part in the mission three of whom are members of the ttf during the event the uk delegation was introduced to the export sales system of sawnwood in belarus they met belarusian timber industry decision makers including members of the government leadership of the belarusian universal commodity exchange the only organisation in belarus authorised for export of sawnwood from sawmills ceos of belarusian sawmills traders and market experts they visited five woodworking factories and mills along with forests and nursery garden the visit began with an extended meeting with the chairman of the belarusian production and trade concerning of timber woodworking pulp and the paper industry bellesbumprom grouping around 50 belarusian woodworking companies a number of representatives of belarusian mills were also attending the roundtable meeting with bellesbumprom lawrence webster kullik rullmann ag said very impressed so many top belarusian businessmen turned out to meet us it is clear they want to deal with the uk which is a good thing when developing business at the belarusian universal commodity exchange uk partners had an introduction training seminar on online auctions of sawn timber products visit to belarusian universal commodity exchange visit to belarusian universal commodity exchange eddie smith quality timber ltd said i am not an i t expert but the set up is impressive and the introduction to the system which we were given was done very competently and in such a way that even i could grasp the essentials the seminar was followed by the meeting with the chairman of the buce arkady salikov to discuss direct timber trade potential meeting at buce meeting at buce meeting at buce meeting at buce meeting at buce eddie smith quality timber ltd said the chairman greeted us warmly and his assistant directors had gone to a lot of effort to help us with every step of our visit questions were answered promptly and frankly peter carter carter turner ltd added the m eeting confirmed the importance of the visit for us all as one of the visitors i am keen in co operating and helping each other reach our mutual benefit after the meeting around 15 belarusian companies were invited to the belarusian universal commodity exchange for a b2b session with the uk delegation b2b session b2b session b2b session peter carter carter turner ltd commented t he meeting was excellent and productive especially the session with profitsystem but other opportunities too not enough time for this effective model eddie smith quality timber ltd added i was impressed with the effort which had been put into inviting additional potential suppliers to the meeting i was pleased that buce organised this so efficiently and provided excellent translation services as well uk companies were greeted by her majesty ambassador of the uk ms fionna gibb during the evening reception hosted by the uk embassy in minsk a number of belarusian companies were invited including members of the association of furniture and woodworking industries of belarus reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk reception at the uk embassy in minsk dmitry sudas senior counselor trade and economy group of the embassy of the republic of belarus commented i am very grateful to the her majesty uk ambassador in minsk ms fionna gibb for receiving the uk timber trade delegation this proves a very good model of cooperation of both embassies we support each other helping to host delegations showing that we are taking care of each potential partner this process helps build a trustworthy and mutually beneficial relation we believe that our cooperation will continue and grow to this end we are planning to organise more trade missions in the future in order to unviel opportunities in belarus to the uk businesses during the two day visit the uk delegation also visited the forests nursery garden in the town of borisov and were acquainted with the three woodworking companies molodechnomebel vi lario mill the largest woodworking mill in belarus jsc borisovski dok they also visited two forestry mills borisov forestry and vileika forestry borisov sawmill forests nursery farm borisov sawmill forests nursery farm borisov sawmill forests nursery farm borisov sawmill forests nursery farm borisov sawmill forests nursery farm eddie smith quality timber ltd said i am not a forestry expert but i have to day that the set up looked very professional and well organised moreover i am sure my colleagues in softwood trading will be pleased to see that belarus is visibly complying with international standard practice so that they can assure their clients that belarus timber is sustainably sourced lawrence webster kullik rullmann ag said this sort of thing is always interesting for me and i appreciated this leg of the journey reforestation is the key to asuccessful timber industry woodworking and furniture company molodechnomebel woodworking and furniture company molodechnomebel woodworking and furniture company molodechnomebel woodworking and furniture company molodechnomebel peter carter carter turner ltd commented very impressive quality and attention to detail present styles wouldnt probably suit the uk market but the company seems capable of moulding products designs tailored to uk tastes borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit borisov dok visit peter carter carter turner ltd said a very impressive company we would be very happy to trade with them eddie smith quality timber ltd added it was immediately obvious to all of us as soon as we got out of the car that in this mill they knew what they were doing the first thing we saw was that they had a big stack of packs wrapped for export nicely and ready to go the mill was a hive of activity i know my colleagues underlined some points they felt should be corrected concerning end trimming etc but the overall impression we had was very positive vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit vi lario mill visit borisov forestry mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit borisov mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit vileika forestry mill visit of course not everything was perceived positively by the uk delegation visitors pointed out some weak points of the belarusian sawmill industry along with giving useful advises for accelerating the process of establishing a regular trade between belarus and the uk lawrence webster kullik rullmann ag commented it was a good trip and i want to thank once again our hosts for all their efforts there is a long hill to climb to get the belarusian mills in line with the scandinavian or even the baltic quality production while the raw material is good many belarusian mills arent yet able to complete simple processes like cross cutting or kilning to the standard the uk market expects and is used to nonetheless the mills are fsc certified they have plenty of logs and they can cut hem to the sizes lengths required for our market martin gillingham mj gillingham added i express my sincere thanks to our hosts for a highly informative and interesting visit to belarus i hope you found it as rewarding as i know we did the visit ended with a farewell dinner arranged by the belarusian universal commodity exchange in a fashionable restaurant the view at the 28 th floor of a business skyscraper in the centre of minsk farewell dinner farewell dinner farewell dinner dmitry sudas senior counselor trade and economy group of the embassy of the republic of belarus and the brains behind the journey took stock of the initiative the mission was a logical continuation of the seminar timber doing business in belarus jointly hosted with the timber trade federation during timber expo 201 7 explained dmitry the mission was focused on exploring sawn softwood direct supplies from belarus to the uk we know that much of belarusian timber goes to the uk through the baltics countries there is a historical fact that owners of english dockyards in xix century used to build ships with belarusian spruce and pines harvested in the biaowiea forest immense primeval forest stretched across belarus and poland timber harvested in belarus was floated in large quantities down the western dvina river daugava into the gulf of riga therefore british shipbuilders simply thought that the timber used for the construction of ships was sourced in the baltic countries even now uk companies are surprised that stock of sawn timber bought from latvia or other baltic countries is actually of belarusian origin brexit is a little bit changing situation it is a right time to study direct trade and extend suppliers list outside the eu our mission here is to help establish direct and reliable contacts we would like uk timber importers to fully evaluate possibilities and opportunities of doing business in belarus finally uk timber companies are free to decide in which way they want to conduct the process either stay on current positions or try to establish direct links with the belarusian sawmill industry thanks to this trade mission to belarus uk timber traders had the opportunity to learn about belarusian timber market establish new contacts and visit belarus a country that remains a blank spot on the map for many uk businesses the organisers made all the efforts to ensure the visit was effective and successful for each participant belarus is now quickly moving in the right direction for establishing links with uk business for example the belarusian forestry company is set to become soon the first ever international associate member of the timber trade federation we are ready to move forward organising further trade missions in close cooperation with the ttf and dit with a focus on wide range of timber and panel products finally we found another unexpected but very positive outcome of this mission as the ministry of forestry of the republic of belarus expressed his interest in establishing a cooperation with the uk forestry commission in order to share best practices in forests renovation this noble intention should be definitely supported belarusian forestry newspaper 10 march 2016 10 1084 http lesgazeta by people izprirodnyhmaterialov dlja izgotovlenija machty korablestroiteli ispolzovali el published on behalf of the embassy of belarus in the uk share this twitter facebook like this like loading related </s>

<s>[INST] fishing company pro staff [/INST] free baby returned guri bigham has been a free spirit from an early age read hand me downs baby guri included telluride colorado gary bigham latest stories view all on the brink best job in the world 6 35 watch a farm grows in the jungle the path to more fruitful farming birgit cameron 4 min read the father of recycling has a message for you donald sanderson launched the countrys first mandatory curbside recycling program in woodbury new jersey in 1980 the recycling landscape has since changed a lot is it still worthwhile donald sanderson launched the countrys first mandatory curbside recycling program in woodbury new jersey in 1980 the recycling landscape has since changed a lot is it still worthwhile erin grace scottberg 6 min read right where i belong that comfort the ability to feel like youre not stepping outside of some boundary its not like do i belong here no this is where im supposed to be that comfort the ability to feel like youre not stepping outside of some boundary its not like do i belong here no this is where im supposed to be eric arce 9 min read the most obvious line luke nelson s fkt on the wasatch ultimate ridge linkup luke nelson s fkt on the wasatch ultimate ridge linkup luke nelson 5 min read power shift on the columbia after a century of conflict on the columbia between salmon and dams the fates of these two iconic energy systems are now intertwined after a century of conflict on the columbia between salmon and dams the fates of these two iconic energy systems are now intertwined jim norton 7 min read the great cotton experiment this is a test to grow our clothes differently rachel g horn 2 min read from the ground up for this climber good food is activism kate rutherford 5 min read view all life of pie uniting a community through advocacy inclusivity and damn good pizza watch read skip surf explore climbing explore trail running explore mountain biking explore fly fishing explore kitesurfing explore snow explore voices for the ocean join belinda baggs liz clark and moona whyte in sumbawa and discover how their passion for surfing cultivated a deep connection with the ocean and a dedication to activism the climate crisis affects us all and for some of us the ocean is where we find our voice watch the film skip </s>

<s>[INST] hunting equipment app [/INST] best innovative bowhunting gear from ata 2020 emily kantner january 16 2020 while much of the gear displayed at the 2020 ata show may have been the same old same old these products stood out as truly innovative in the bowhunting world pro cirrus the cirrus wind indicator continues to evolve into more of a bowhunters multi tool with the new pro cirrus the compact unit not only includes the wind indicator led flashlight and portable charging bank found in the 200 model it also features a wi fi sd card reader paired with the free pro cirrus app you can wirelessly view and share trail cam photos from your phone the app is also equipped with weather compass and mapping functionality the pro cirrus combines all this cool tech for around just 80 cirrusoutdoors com hunter safety system shadow vest bowhunters have officially run out of excuses to not wear a safety harness thanks to the new shadow vest from hunter safety system weighing in at just 27 ounces the harness is incredibly easy to use doesnt add bulk and adjusts to provide a comfortable fit for just about every hunter in a single model a pair of quiet snap buttons on the chest connect the shoulder straps and an adjustable clip design eliminates any excess fabric from dangling from the leg straps all for under 50 huntersafetysystem com lone wolf custom gear hang on after generating major buzz with its first generation hang on in 2019 lone wolf custom gear announced an even lighter design for 2020 by slightly trimming down the platform seat and rung design they managed to engineer a treestand tipping the scales at under 6 pounds it still offers the advanced leveling adjustment seamless pairing with climbing sticks and all the other features of the initial design while shaving off 2 pounds for the mobile bowhunter lonewolfcustomgear com spypoint cell link this new compact unit from spypoint is a universal cellular adapter that transforms any trail camera with a standard sd card slot into a cellular device for just 69 99 the cell link uses the sd card slot to access a cameras images and sends them directly to the spypoint mobile app where users can view photos as well as the cell links status and settings cellular plans for the system are available directly through spypoint including a free plan that transmits up to 100 photos per month spypoint com bowdometer a small lightweight device that easily installs on a traditional rig compound or crossbow the bowdometer collects data for every single shot you take several internal sensors evaluate shot performance and archers receive instant feedback on shot consistency via xi the companys unique shot execution index users can dig deeper into this data and even compete with other shooters by connecting with the bowdometer mobile app bowdometer com bohning serveless peep it with a durable construction that is quick and easy to install the serveless peep it eliminates the need for string serving and prevents damage to your bowstring while providing a clear undistorted view of your target using a bow press simply split the string evenly loop it through the peep its grooves and align it to the proper position once the string is back under full pressure the peep will remain securely in place bohning com get the newsletter join the list and never miss a thing sign me up recommended for you bow accessories 6 ways to make your bow quieter darron mcdougal is your bow setup a bit noisy try these tips to silence it whitetail are some bucks unkillable bill winke bill winke says don t waste your time hunting these deer whitetail how to use deer decoys in the rut john dudley timing and presentation are key to a successful decoy strategy see more recommendations popular videos ravin broadheads 3 new mechanicals designed exclusively for their crossbows ravin has announced three new mechanical broadheads to maximize penetration and overall performance bill winke whitetailsotu none ravin r29x crossbow new for 2020 the new ravin r29x crossbow includes everything you need for blistering speed 450 fps and deadly downrange accuracy 3 inch group at 100 yards see more popular videos trending stories ata show best new bow sights for 2019 tony j peterson january 10 2019 check out our picks for the best new bow sights from the 2019 ata show bows 2019 bowtech launch realm sr6 ss review jon e silks november 07 2018 we got our hands on the brand new 2019 bows from bowtech see how the realm sr6 and the realm how to summer scouting spectacular bill winke july 17 2019 mid summer is prime time to watch large racked bucks and stoke fall enthusiasm see more stories more ata show ata show ravin r29x crossbow new for 2020 petersen s bowhunting digital staff the new ravin r29x crossbow includes everything you need for blistering speed 450 fps and ata show new broadheads for 2020 brian strickland january 09 2020 from fixed blade to mechanical these are the top new broadheads debuting at the 2020 ata ata show new trail cameras for 2020 brian k strickland january 09 2020 scout in style with the best new trail cameras of ata 2020 see more ata show more you may be interested in get the magazine subscribe save temporary price reduction subscribe now give a gift subscriber services preview this month s issue get the newsletter join the list and never miss a thing sign me up </s>

<s>[INST] fishing company s.a [/INST] welcome to navico navico is a specialist marine electronics company providing navigation marine instruments and fish finding equipment to both the recreational and commercial marine sectors the navico recreational marine division is one of the worlds largest providers of leisure marine electronics lowrance is aimed at the fishing market particularly in freshwater and near coastal areas simrad yachting is focused on powerboat owners for cruising and sportfishing b g serves the sailing market from professional racers to cruisers and c map provides electronic charts supporting and enhancing any on water activity the simrad commercial marine electronics division also offers a comprehensive portfolio of navigation solutions for the commercial market including c map cartography and digital solutions such as voyage optimization and fleet analytics join our team we believe that it takes great people to create great products take a look at our latest job vacancies careers partner dealer customer portal interested in becoming a dealer dealers visit our dedicated customer portal for placing orders and all support tools customer portal navico suppliers navico partners with a talented global supplier network to deliver quality products to its customers navico is committed to maintain free trade treating all suppliers equally regardless of size location or national origin we will buy from the most competitive suppliers in order to fulfill our requirements supplier t cs get in touch </s>