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chujiezheng
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wizard_of_wikipedia

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post sequence	knowledge sequence	labels sequence	response sequence	topics sequence
[ "Traffic collision", "Same here. They were quite scary! I hope I never get in one again!", "Luckily, no one was killed or severely injured during my accidents. Do you know how many accidents occur each year?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Maria Jane Connor (also Sutherland) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", portrayed by Samia Longchambon.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ The character first appeared on-screen on 19 May 2000.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ During her time on the show, Maria has been the centre of major storylines.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ In late 2009, Longchambon took maternity leave and Maria was off-screen from November 2009 until June 2010.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Longchambon took a second maternity leave in 2015 and Maria was off-screen from October 2015 until April 2016.", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Maria is first seen working in the kennels belonging to her father, Eric (Steve Money).", "Maria Connor __knowledge__ Tyrone Dobbs (Alan Halsall) and Jack Duckworth (Bill Tarmey) bring Tyrone's greyhound, Monica, in to look for a stud to mate with.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "The Snow Queen (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Snow Queen (, Snezhnaya koroleva) is a 2012 Russian 3D computer-animated adventure fantasy comedy family film written by Vadim Sveshnikov and directed by Vladlen Barbe and Maxim Sveshnikov.", "The Snow Queen (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was produced by Wizart Animation studio in Voronezh and is loosely based on the story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, co-produced by Moscow's Inlay Film, and distributed by Timur Bekmambetov's company Bazelevs.", "The Snow Queen (2012 film) __knowledge__ The movie was edited by Jonathan Abelardo, Vitaliy Konovalov, Anton Maslennikov, Mark Mercado, Ivan Titov and Denis Vakulenko, music composed by Brainstorm (Prāta Vētra) and Mark Willott and also produced by Timur Bekmambetov, Alexander Ligaiy, Yuri Moskvin and Sergey Rappoport.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ It (also known as It: Chapter One) is a 2017 American supernatural horror film directed by Andy Muschietti, based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Stephen King.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay is by Chase Palmer, Cary Fukunaga and Gary Dauberman.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of seven children in Derry, Maine, who are terrorized by the eponymous being, only to face their own personal demons in the process.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The novel was previously adapted into a 1990 miniseries.", "It (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jaeden Lieberher and Bill Skarsgård as Bill Denbrough and Pennywise the Dancing Clown, respectively, with Jeremy Ray Taylor, Sophia Lillis, Finn Wolfhard, Wyatt Oleff, Chosen Jacobs, Jack Dylan Grazer, Nicholas Hamilton, and Jackson Robert Scott in supporting roles.", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ The Evil Queen, also known as the Wicked Queen or just the Queen, and sometimes instead identified by her given name as Queen Grimhilde, is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' first animated feature film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) and a villain character in the extended Disney's \"Snow White\" franchise.", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ She is based on the Evil Queen character from the European fairy tale \"Snow White\".", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ In the film, similar to the Brothers Grimm story, the Evil Queen is cold, cruel, and extremely vain, and obsessively desires to remain the \"fairest in the land\".", "Evil Queen (Disney) __knowledge__ She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess Snow White, as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such love triangle element is one of Disney's changes to the story.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "Road traffic safety __knowledge__ Road traffic safety refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from being killed or seriously injured.", "Road traffic safety __knowledge__ Typical road users include: pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, vehicle passengers, horse-riders and passengers of on-road public transport (mainly buses and trams).", "Road traffic safety __knowledge__ Best-practices in modern road safety strategy: As sustainable solutions for all classes of road have not been identified, particularly low-traffic rural and remote roads, a hierarchy of control should be applied, similar to classifications used to improve occupational safety and health.", "Road traffic safety __knowledge__ At the highest level is sustainable prevention of serious injury and death crashes, with sustainable requiring all key result areas to be considered.", "List of Final Destination characters __knowledge__ Final Destination is an American horror franchise consisting of five films, ten novels, and two comic books composed of six issues in total.", "List of Final Destination characters __knowledge__ Each medium features a protagonist who experiences a premonition of himself/herself and several others dying in a catastrophic accident, only to escape the event with a handful of other characters moments before it turns into a reality.", "List of Final Destination characters __knowledge__ The survivors later die one by one in a series of elaborate and often gory scenarios that frequently resemble Rube Goldberg machines in their complexity.", "List of Final Destination characters __knowledge__ Despite depicting homicide, the series is noteworthy amongst others in the horror genre in that the \"villain\" of the films is not the stereotypical slasher or monster but the entity Death itself (occasionally seen as a fleeting shadow or a gust of wind) which manipulates the environment in deadly ways with the intent of reclaiming the lives of the survivors.", "Airbag __knowledge__ An airbag is a type of vehicle safety device and is an occupant restraint system.", "Airbag __knowledge__ The airbag module is designed to inflate extremely rapidly then quickly deflate during a collision or impact with a surface or a rapid sudden deceleration.", "Airbag __knowledge__ It consists of the airbag cushion, a flexible fabric bag, inflation module and impact sensor.", "Airbag __knowledge__ The purpose of the airbag is to provide the occupants a soft cushioning and restraint during a crash event to prevent or reduce any impact or impact-caused injuries between the flailing occupant and the interior of the vehicle.", "Airbag __knowledge__ The airbag provides an energy absorbing surface between the vehicle's occupant and a steering wheel, instrumental panel, A-B-C- structural body frame pillars, headliner and windshield/windscreen.", "Assured clear distance ahead __knowledge__ The Assured Clear Distance Ahead (ACDA) is the distance ahead of any terrestrial locomotive device such as a land vehicle, watercraft, skates, or skis, although commonly an automobile, which can be seen to be clear of hazards by the driver, within which they should be able to bring the device to a halt; drivers generally may not pose an \"immediate hazard\" upon where or when they cannot assure such distance ahead is clear.", "Assured clear distance ahead __knowledge__ It is one of the most fundamental principles governing ordinary care and the duty of care for all methods of conveyance, and is frequently used to determine if a driver is in proper control and is a nearly universally implicit consideration in vehicular accident liability.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ The world's first traffic light was short lived.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It was a manually operated gas-lit signal installed in London in December 1868.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It exploded less than a month after it was implemented, injuring its policeman operator.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic control started to seem necessary in the late 1890s and Earnest Sirrine from Chicago patented the first automated traffic control system in 1910.", "Rumble strip __knowledge__ Rumble strips, also known as sleeper lines, alert strips, audible lines, sleepy bumps, wake up calls, growlers, drift lines, and drunk bumps, are a road safety feature to alert inattentive drivers of potential danger, by causing a tactile vibration and audible rumbling transmitted through the wheels into the vehicle interior.", "Rumble strip __knowledge__ A rumble strip is applied along the direction of travel following an edgeline or centerline, to alert drivers when they drift from their lane.", "Rumble strip __knowledge__ Rumble strips may also be installed in a series \"across\" the direction of travel, to warn drivers of a stop or slowdown ahead, or of an approaching danger spot.", "Pedestrian scramble __knowledge__ A pedestrian scramble, also known as scramble intersection (Canada), 'X' Crossing (UK), diagonal crossing (US), exclusive pedestrian interval, or Barnes Dance, is a type of traffic signal movement that temporarily stops all vehicular traffic, thereby allowing pedestrians to cross an intersection in every direction, including diagonally, at the same time.", "Pedestrian scramble __knowledge__ It was first used in Canada and the United States in the late 1940s, but it later fell out of favor with traffic engineers there, as it was seen as prioritizing flow of pedestrians over flow of car traffic.", "Pedestrian scramble __knowledge__ Its benefits for pedestrian amenity and safety have led to new examples being installed in many countries in recent years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, and driver skill, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably speeding and street racing.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Worldwide, motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ In 2013, 54 million people sustained injuries from traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.", "Traffic collision __knowledge__ Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, 80% of all road fatalities by only 52% of all vehicles.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "Aviation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ An aviation accident is defined by the Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 13 as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft, which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until all such persons have disembarked, where a person is fatally or seriously injured, the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure or the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.", "Aviation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ If the aircraft is destroyed or severely damaged so that it must be written off, it is further defined as a hull loss accident.", "Aviation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ Annex 13 further defines an aviation incident as an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation.", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ Nuclear safety is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as \"The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards\".", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ The IAEA defines nuclear security as \"The prevention and detection of and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities\".", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ This covers nuclear power plants and all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ A tram accident is any accident involving a tram.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ Alternatively, any accident involving a tram or a tram system may be considered a tram accident.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ The latter definition is more commonly used in public safety studies.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ Tram systems are typically considered to be environmentally friendly, efficient and cost effective methods of transport within urban areas.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ However, safety concerns associated with tram systems - particularly poor maneuverability and long braking distances - cannot be ignored.", "Tram accident __knowledge__ The research indicates that for each kilometer traveled, trams are 12 times more likely to be involved in a serious accident than a car.", "Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as \"an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility.\"", "Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt.\"", "Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ The prime example of a \"major nuclear accident\" is one in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of radioactivity are released, such as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.", "Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents __knowledge__ The impact of nuclear accidents has been a topic of debate since the first nuclear reactors were constructed in 1954, and has been a key factor in public concern about nuclear facilities.", "Mountain Creek Waterpark __knowledge__ Mountain Creek Waterpark is an amusement park located in Vernon, New Jersey, US, on the grounds of the Mountain Creek ski resort.", "Mountain Creek Waterpark __knowledge__ The park consists primarily of water based attractions and originally opened to the public in 1978 under the ownership of Great American Recreation, who also owned the ski resort which at the time operated under the name Vernon Valley/Great Gorge.", "Mountain Creek Waterpark __knowledge__ The original Action Park was open until 1996 and featured three separate attraction areas: The Alpine Center, featuring an alpine slide, Motorworld, and Waterworld.", "Mountain Creek Waterpark __knowledge__ Waterworld was one of the first modern American water parks.", "Action Park __knowledge__ Action Park is an amusement park located in Vernon, New Jersey, United States, on the grounds of the Mountain Creek ski resort.", "Action Park __knowledge__ The park consists primarily of water-based attractions and originally opened to the public in 1978 under the ownership of Great American Recreation, who also owned the ski resort which at the time operated under the name Vernon Valley/Great Gorge.", "Action Park __knowledge__ The original Action Park was open until 1996 and featured three separate attraction areas: the Alpine Center (featuring an alpine slide), Motorworld, and Waterworld.", "Action Park __knowledge__ The latter was one of the first modern American water parks.", "Vehicle insurance in the United States __knowledge__ Vehicle insurance, in the United States and elsewhere, is designed to cover risk of financial liability or the loss of a motor vehicle the owner may face if their vehicle is involved in a collision resulting in property or physical damages.", "Vehicle insurance in the United States __knowledge__ Most states require a motor vehicle owner to carry some minimum level of liability insurance.", "Vehicle insurance in the United States __knowledge__ States that do not require the vehicle owner to carry car insurance include Virginia, where an uninsured motor vehicle fee may be paid to the state; New Hampshire, and Mississippi which offers vehicle owners the option to post cash bonds (see below).", "Vehicle insurance in the United States __knowledge__ The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of citizens in each respective state when traveling to another.", "Vehicle insurance __knowledge__ Vehicle insurance (also known as car insurance, motor insurance or auto insurance) is insurance for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other road vehicles.", "Vehicle insurance __knowledge__ Its primary use is to provide financial protection against physical damage or bodily injury resulting from traffic collisions and against liability that could also arise there from.", "Vehicle insurance __knowledge__ Vehicle insurance may additionally offer financial protection against as theft of the vehicle, and against damage to the vehicle sustained from events other than traffic collisions, such as keying and damage sustained by colliding with stationary objects.", "Vehicle insurance __knowledge__ The specific terms of vehicle insurance vary with legal regulations in each region.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ Road traffic collisions generally fall into one of four common types: Other types of collision may occur.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ Rollovers are not very common, but lead to greater rates of severe injury and death.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ Some of these are secondary events that occur after a collision with a run-off-road crash or a collision with another vehicle.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ If several vehicles are involved, the term 'serial crash' may be used.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ If many vehicles are involved, the term 'major incident' may be used rather than 'pile up'.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ Head-on collisions often have poor outcomes because of the speed involved when the collision takes place.", "Road collision types __knowledge__ The typical cause of head-on collisions is when one vehicle inadvertently strays into the path of an oncoming vehicle.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ A deer-vehicle collision occurs when one or more deer and a human-operated vehicle collide on a roadway.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ It can result in deer fatality, property damage, and human injury or death.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ The number of accidents, injuries, and fatalities varies from year to year and region.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ In the United States an estimated 1.23 million deer related accidents occurred in a one-year period ending June 2012 (a 7.7 percent increase from the previous year), resulting in $3,305 in average property damage.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ The largest proportion of such accidents occur in November.", "Deer–vehicle collisions __knowledge__ In 2000, of the 6.1 million lightweight motor vehicle collisions re US, 1 million involved animal-vehicle collisions.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ The effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida were the costliest in the state's history.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ Hurricane Irma developed from a tropical wave near the Cape Verde Islands on August 30.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ The storm quickly became a hurricane on August 31 and then a major hurricane shortly thereafter, but would oscillate in intensity over the next few days.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ By September 4, Irma resumed strengthening, and became a powerful Category 5 hurricane on the following day.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ The cyclone then struck Sint Maarten and the British Virgin Islands on September 6 and later crossed Little Inagua in the Bahamas on September 8.", "Effects of Hurricane Irma in Florida __knowledge__ Irma briefly weakened to a Category 4, but re-intensified into a Category 5 hurricane before making landfall in the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago of Cuba.", "Wildlife crossing __knowledge__ Wildlife crossings are structures that allow animals to cross human-made barriers safely.", "Wildlife crossing __knowledge__ Wildlife crossings may include: underpass tunnels, viaducts, and overpasses (mainly for large or herd-type animals); amphibian tunnels; fish ladders; Canopy bridge (especially for monkeys and squirrels), tunnels and culverts (for small mammals such as otters, hedgehogs, and badgers); green roofs (for butterflies and birds).", "Wildlife crossing __knowledge__ Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing connections or reconnections between habitats, combating habitat fragmentation.", "Wildlife crossing __knowledge__ They also assist in avoiding collisions between vehicles and animals, which in addition to killing or injuring wildlife may cause injury to humans and property damage." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 5 ]	[ "I have been in a few accidents. This occurs when one vehicle hits another ca , debris , pedestrian or other object.", "These collisions often result in property damage , injuries and even death.", "In the year 2013 there were over 54 million injuries reported from accidents." ]	[ "Traffic collision", "Traffic collision", "Traffic collision" ]
[ "The Beatles\nthe beatles is one off my favorite groups of all time although i dont know mych about them", "do you know when the grouped formed?", "wow i dint think it was that far back interesting, what else can you tell me about them", "my favorite song is yellow submarine from the beatles what about youy", "that song is one of my favorites as well i really like to listen to it everyday" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Semigroup with involution __knowledge__ In mathematics, particularly in abstract algebra, a semigroup with involution or a *-semigroup is a semigroup equipped with an involutive anti-automorphism, which—roughly speaking—brings it closer to a group because this involution, considered as unary operator, exhibits certain fundamental properties of the operation of taking the inverse in a group: uniqueness, double application \"cancelling itself out\", and the same interaction law with the binary operation as in the case of the group inverse.", "Semigroup with involution __knowledge__ It is thus not a surprise that any group is a semigroup with involution.", "Semigroup with involution __knowledge__ However, there are significant natural examples of semigroups with involution that are not groups.", "Involution (mathematics) __knowledge__ In mathematics, an involution, or an involutory function, is a function that is its own inverse, for all in the domain of .", "Involution (mathematics) __knowledge__ The term anti-involution refers to involutions based on antihomomorphisms (see below the section on Quaternion algebra, groups, semigroups) such that Any involution is a bijection.", "Involution (mathematics) __knowledge__ The identity map is a trivial example of an involution.", "Involution (mathematics) __knowledge__ Common examples in mathematics of nontrivial involutions include multiplication by −1 in arithmetic, the taking of reciprocals, complementation in set theory and complex conjugation.", "Involution (mathematics) __knowledge__ Other examples include circle inversion, rotation by a half-turn, and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the Beaufort polyalphabetic cipher.", "Involution (esoterism) __knowledge__ The term involution refers to different things depending on the writer.", "Involution (esoterism) __knowledge__ In some instances it refers to a process that occurs prior to evolution and gives rise to the cosmos, in others an aspect of evolution, and still others a process that follows the completion of evolution in the human form.", "Involution (esoterism) __knowledge__ In theosophy, anthroposophy and Rosicrucianism, involution and evolution are part of a complex sequence of cosmic cycles, called Round.", "Involution (esoterism) __knowledge__ When the universe attains a stage of sufficient density, the individual spirit is able to descend and participate in the evolution.", "Involution (esoterism) __knowledge__ Involution thus refers to the incarnation of spirit in an already established matter, the necessary prerequiste of evolution: That period of time devoted to the attainment of self-consciousness and the building of the vehicles through which the spirit in man manifests, is called \"involution\".", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Thymic involution __knowledge__ One of the major characteristics of vertebrate immunology is thymic involution, the shrinking of the thymus with age, resulting in changes in the architecture of the thymus and a decrease in tissue mass.", "Thymic involution __knowledge__ This process is a conserved sequence or (orthologous sequences) in almost all vertebrates, from birds, teleosts, amphibians to reptiles, though the thymi of a few species of sharks are known not to involute.", "Thymic involution __knowledge__ T-cells are named for the thymus where T-lymphocytes migrate from the bone marrow to mature.", "Thymic involution __knowledge__ Its regression has been linked to the reduction in immunosurveillance in the elderly.", "Thymic involution __knowledge__ Though thymic involution has been linked to senescence, it is not induced by senescence as the organ starts involuting from a young age – as early as the first year of life in humans.", "Vascular anomaly __knowledge__ A vascular anomaly is a kind of birthmark caused by a disorder of the vascular development, although it is not always present at birth.", "Vascular anomaly __knowledge__ A vascular anomaly is a localized defect in blood vessels that can affect each part of the vasculature (capillaries, arteries, veins, lymphatics or a combination of these).", "Vascular anomaly __knowledge__ These defects are characterized by an increased number of vessels and vessels that are both enlarged and sinuous.", "Vascular anomaly __knowledge__ Some vascular anomalies are congenital and therefore present at birth, others appear within weeks to years after birth and others are acquired by trauma or during pregnancy.", "Vascular anomaly __knowledge__ Inherited vascular anomalies are also described and often present with a number of lesions that increase with patients’ age." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Charlotte Perkins Gilman __knowledge__ Charlotte Perkins Gilman (); also Charlotte Perkins Stetson (July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), was a prominent American feminist, sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform.", "Charlotte Perkins Gilman __knowledge__ She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle.", "Charlotte Perkins Gilman __knowledge__ Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story \"The Yellow Wallpaper\" which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis.", "Charlotte Perkins Gilman __knowledge__ Gilman was born on July 3, 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut, to Mary Perkins (formerly Mary Fitch Westcott) and Frederic Beecher Perkins.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ William Shepard Wetmore (January 26, 1801 – June 16, 1862) was an Old China Trade merchant and philanthropist from New England.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ He was born on January 26, 1801 to Nancy Shepard and Seth Wetmore in St. Albans, Vermont.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ He was a sixth-generation descendant of Thomas Whitmore, who immigrated to Boston in 1635 from the west coast of England and became one of the earliest settlers of the Connecticut Colony.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ His mother died on February 2, 1802.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ He had two stepbrothers Charles Wright Wetmore and Seth Downing Wetmore and one stepsister Nancy Shepard Wetmore.", "William Shepard Wetmore __knowledge__ William moved to Connecticut with his aunt and uncle and was educated at Cheshire Academy in Cheshire, Connecticut.", "University of California, Irvine Medical Center __knowledge__ The University of California, Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC or UCI Medical Center) is a major research hospital located in Orange, California.", "University of California, Irvine Medical Center __knowledge__ It is the teaching center for the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine.", "University of California, Irvine Medical Center __knowledge__ Plans had been in place since the founding of the school for a medical center, and space was set aside on campus.", "University of California, Irvine Medical Center __knowledge__ This would model the hospital campuses at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of California, San Diego.", "University of California, Irvine Medical Center __knowledge__ The medical school wasn't originally planned to begin until the university had time to establish itself and stabilize sources of funding.", "Menlo College __knowledge__ Menlo College, often referred to as Menlo, is a private, four-year baccalaureate college specializing in business located in the Silicon Valley town of Atherton, California, United States.", "Menlo College __knowledge__ Menlo College is situated on 45-acre (0.18 km) campus in Atherton, California, 25 miles southeast of San Francisco and 20 miles northwest of San Jose, California.", "Menlo College __knowledge__ Menlo College was founded in 1927 when the Menlo School for Boys grew to include a junior college.", "Menlo College __knowledge__ The institution, under the leadership of Dr. Lowry Howard, changed its name to Menlo School and Junior College.", "Menlo College __knowledge__ The college admitted 27 students that year.", "Victoria of France __knowledge__ Victoria of France (24 June 1556 – 17 August 1556) and her twin sister Joan were the last children born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.", "Victoria of France __knowledge__ Their mother's confinement came on June 24, 1556.", "Victoria of France __knowledge__ Although Joan died in the womb, Princess Victoria survived the birth—only to die a little more than a month later.", "Victoria of France __knowledge__ Because their birth very nearly cost their mother her life, the king's physician advised the king that there should be no more children; therefore, Henry II stopped visiting his wife's bedroom and spent all his time with his longtime mistress, Diane de Poitiers.", "Goodloe Byron __knowledge__ Goodloe Edgar Byron (June 22, 1929 – October 11, 1978), a Democrat, was a U.S.", "Goodloe Byron __knowledge__ Congressman who represented the 6th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1971, until his death from a heart attack on October 11, 1978.", "Goodloe Byron __knowledge__ He was replaced as 6th district representative by his widow, Beverly Byron, in 1979.", "Goodloe Byron __knowledge__ Prior to serving in Congress, Byron served as a member of the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps from 1953 to 1957, honorably discharged with the rank of captain.", "Goodloe Byron __knowledge__ He earned his JD from The George Washington University He later was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates (1963–1967) and the Maryland State Senate (1967–1971).", "Emma Morano __knowledge__ Emma Martina Luigia Morano (OMRI) (29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017) was an Italian supercentenarian who, before her death at the age of 117 years and 137 days, was the world's oldest living person whose age had been verified, and the last living person to have been verified as being born in the 1800s.", "Emma Morano __knowledge__ She remains the oldest Italian person ever and the second-oldest European person ever behind Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment.", "Emma Morano __knowledge__ Emma Martina Luigia Morano was born on 29 November 1899 in Civiasco, Vercelli, Piedmont, Italy, to Giovanni Morano and Matilde Bresciani, the eldest of eight children (five daughters and three sons).", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The Beatles: Rock Band is a 2009 music video game developed by Harmonix, published by MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ It is the third major console release in the \"Rock Band\" music video game series, in which players can simulate the playing of rock music by using controllers shaped like musical instruments.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ \"The Beatles: Rock Band\" is the first band-centric game in the series, and it is centered on the popular English rock group the Beatles.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The game features virtual portrayals of the four band members performing the songs throughout the band's history, including depictions of some of their famous live performances, as well as a number of \"dreamscape\" sequences for songs from the Abbey Road Studios recording sessions during the group's studio years.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Rock Band is a series of music video games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS, iOS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PSP, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the \"Guitar Hero\" series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing into a USB microphone.", "Rock Band __knowledge__ Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical notes while playing instruments, and by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals.", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon.", "The Who __knowledge__ They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work.", "The Who __knowledge__ The Who developed from an earlier group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage.", "The Who __knowledge__ Their first single as the Who, \"I Can't Explain\", reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including \"My Generation\", \"Substitute\" and \"Happy Jack\".", "Slade __knowledge__ Slade are an English rock band from Wolverhampton.", "Slade __knowledge__ They rose to prominence during the glam rock era in the early 1970s, achieving 17 consecutive top 20 hits and six number ones on the UK Singles Chart.", "Slade __knowledge__ The \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" names them as the most successful British group of the 1970s based on sales of singles.", "Slade __knowledge__ They were the first act to have three singles enter the charts at number one; all six of the band's chart-toppers were penned by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea.", "Slade __knowledge__ As of 2006, total UK sales stand at 6,520,171, and their best-selling single, \"Merry Xmas Everybody\", has sold in excess of one million copies.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ Rock Band 4 is a 2015 music video game developed and published by Harmonix.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ \"Rock Band 4\" allows players to simulate the playing of music across many different decades and genres using instrument controllers that mimic playing lead and bass guitar, drums, and vocals.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ As the fourth main installment in the \"Rock Band\" franchise, it was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 6, 2015.", "Rock Band 4 __knowledge__ Mad Catz, who also developed new instrument controllers for the game, marketed and distributed the title worldwide at launch; Performance Designed Products (PDP) will take over manufacturing and distribution by the end of 2016." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: An agent who tells Mr Tawny he can make a great singer out of him.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ Though his voice is terrible, people will want to see a singing tiger.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Billy tells him not to be forced into something he does not want, and when Hooey tries to stop him he transforms and tries to throw him out.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ But Hal flatters Tawny, making him sign the contract.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ When Cap criticises him, Hal claims he is jealous.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (H–M) __knowledge__ A Gala party is arranged to celebrate this next day, but Hal drops the invitation to Captain Marvel into the bin as he wants their friendship to break up.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ William \"Dint\" Colbeck (November 17, 1890 – February 17, 1943) was a St. Louis politician and organized crime figure involved in bootlegging and illegal gambling.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ He succeeded William Egan as head of the Egan's Rats bootlegging gang in the early 1920s.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ Born in North St. Louis to Irish-American parents, Colbeck joined Egan's Rats in his late teens.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ In between his gangster jobs, Colbeck trained to work as a plumber.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ His work in this field resulted in his nickname of \"Dinty\" or \"Dint\", as he was most usually called by associates.", "William Colbeck (gangster) __knowledge__ After the outbreak of World War I, Colbeck joined the U.S. Army in April 1918 and fought as an infantryman with the 89th Infantry Division in France.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The Ford SVT Mustang Cobra (also known as SVT Mustang Cobra, SVT Cobra, or simply as Cobra) is a muscle car/pony car model that was built in model years 1993 through 2004 by Ford Motor Company's Special Vehicle Team division (or SVT, for short).", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was a high-performance version of the Ford Mustang, considered as top-of-the-line as it was positioned above the Mustang GT and Mach 1 models during its era of production.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ On three occasions, the race-ready, street-legal SVT Cobra R variant was produced in limited numbers.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ The SVT Cobra was succeeded by the 2007 Shelby GT500.", "Ford Mustang SVT Cobra __knowledge__ Although the GT500 was built by SVT and wears a Cobra emblem, it is not considered an SVT Cobra, as the car is licensed by Shelby and does not have \"Cobra\" in its model name or description.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep, Yep)\" (also known as \"Where It's At\" in its short title) is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It was released in March 2014 as the first single from his second studio album.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The album, \"Where It's At\", was released on September 9, 2014.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song was written by Cary Barlowe, Zach Crowell and Matt Jenkins.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its upbeat instrumentals and Lynch's vocal performance.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep Yep)\" was Lynch's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It also charted at numbers 4 and 42 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The Mayflies USA are a Chapel Hill, North Carolina-based power pop rock band signed to Yep Roc Records.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band is a classic example of power pop, as their songs featured catchy melodies, vocal harmonies, and prominent guitar riffs.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ Their style was influenced by older bands such as The Beatles, Big Star, and also more contemporary groups like Teenage Fanclub and Velvet Crush.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band released their debut EP in 1997, and their next three albums were released by Yep Roc.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ North Carolina producer Chris Stamey (formerly of The dB's, and credited by the band as the \"fifth\" Mayfly) produced their first two records for Yep Roc, \"Summertown\" and \"The Pity List\".", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ Aoife O’Donovan ( ; ;) born November 18, 1982 in Newton, Massachusetts, is an Irish-American singer and songwriter.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ She is best known as the lead singer for the progressive bluegrass/string band Crooked Still and as a member of the female folk-noir trio Sometymes Why.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ Her first professional engagement was singing lead for the folk group The Wayfaring Strangers.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ She has performed and recorded with Ollabelle, Karan Casey and Seamus Egan, Jerry Douglas, Jim Lauderdale, Darol Anger, Sarah Jarosz, Sara Watkins, Christina Courtin, Chris Thile (Nickel Creek, Punch Brothers), Noam Pikelny (Punch Brothers), Edgar Meyer, Stuart Duncan and Yo-Yo Ma.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Robert \"Robbie\" Fulks (born March 25, 1963) is an American alternative country singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and long-time Chicago, Illinois resident.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He has released 13 albums over a career spanning more than 30 years.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ His most recent record, \"Upland Stories,\" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Folk Album and the song “Alabama at Night,” was nominated for a Grammy for Best American Roots Song.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ Fulks was born in York, Pennsylvania, the son of a school teacher father.", "Robbie Fulks __knowledge__ He grew up small towns in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Blue Ridge Mountains area of Virginia, and the Piedmont region of North Carolina." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Yellow Submarine (album) __knowledge__ Yellow Submarine is the tenth studio album by English rock band the Beatles, released on 13 January 1969 in the United States and on 17 January 1969 in the United Kingdom.", "Yellow Submarine (album) __knowledge__ It was issued as the soundtrack to the animated film of the same name, which premiered in London in July 1968.", "Yellow Submarine (album) __knowledge__ The album contains six songs by the Beatles, including four new songs and the previously released \"Yellow Submarine\" and \"All You Need Is Love\".", "Yellow Submarine (album) __knowledge__ The remainder of the album is a re-recording of the film's orchestral soundtrack by the band's producer, George Martin.", "Yellow Submarine (album) __knowledge__ The project was regarded as a contractual obligation by the Beatles, who were asked to supply four new songs for the film.", "Only a Northern Song __knowledge__ \"Only a Northern Song\" is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album \"Yellow Submarine\".", "Only a Northern Song __knowledge__ Written by George Harrison, it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for \"Sgt.", "Only a Northern Song __knowledge__ Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\" but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album.", "Only a Northern Song __knowledge__ Instead, it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film \"Yellow Submarine\", to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists.", "Only a Northern Song __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"Only a Northern Song\" out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles' publishing company, Northern Songs.", "Yellow Submarine (film) __knowledge__ Yellow Submarine (also known as The Beatles: Yellow Submarine) is a 1968 British children's animated musical fantasy comedy film inspired by the music of the Beatles, directed by animation producer George Dunning, and produced by United Artists and King Features Syndicate.", "Yellow Submarine (film) __knowledge__ Initial press reports stated that the Beatles themselves would provide their own character voices; however, aside from composing and performing the songs, the real Beatles participated only in the closing scene of the film, while their cartoon counterparts were voiced by other actors.", "Yellow Submarine (film) __knowledge__ The film received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences alike, in contrast to some of the Beatles' previous film ventures.", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ \"It's All Too Much\" is a song by the English rock group the Beatles from their 1969 album \"Yellow Submarine\".", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ Written by George Harrison in 1967, it reflects the ideological themes of that year's Summer of Love.", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ The Beatles recorded the track in May 1967, shortly after completing their album \"Sgt.", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\".", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ It was one of four new songs they then supplied for the 1968 animated film \"Yellow Submarine\", to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists.", "It's All Too Much __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"It's All Too Much\" as a celebration of his experiences with the hallucinogenic drug LSD, although he subsequently found the same realisations in Transcendental Meditation and denounced LSD after visiting Haight-Ashbury in August 1967.", "Yellow Submarine (song) __knowledge__ \"Yellow Submarine\" is a 1966 song by the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, with lead vocals by Ringo Starr.", "Yellow Submarine (song) __knowledge__ It was included on the \"Revolver\" (1966) album and issued as a single, coupled with \"Eleanor Rigby\".", "Yellow Submarine (song) __knowledge__ The single went to number one on every major British chart, remained at number one for four weeks, and charted for 13 weeks.", "Yellow Submarine (song) __knowledge__ It won an Ivor Novello Award \"for the highest certified sales of any single issued in the UK in 1966\".", "Yellow Submarine (song) __knowledge__ In the US, the song peaked at number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and became the most successful Beatles song to feature Starr as lead vocalist.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Revolver is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Released on 5 August 1966, it was the Beatles' final recording project before their retirement as live performers and marked the group's most overt use of studio technology up to that time, building on the advances of their 1965 release \"Rubber Soul\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album's diverse sounds include tape loops and backwards recordings on the psychedelic \"Tomorrow Never Knows\", a classical string octet on \"Eleanor Rigby\", and Indian-music backing on \"Love You To\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album was reduced to eleven songs by Capitol Records in North America, where three of its tracks instead appeared on the June 1966 release \"Yesterday and Today\".", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "Liverpool __knowledge__ Liverpool () is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 484,578 in 2016 within the City of Liverpool borough.", "Liverpool __knowledge__ With its surrounding areas, it is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the UK, with over 2.24 million people in 2011.", "Liverpool __knowledge__ The local authority is Liverpool City Council, the most populous local government district within the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the largest within the Liverpool City Region.", "Liverpool __knowledge__ Liverpool is located on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, and historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Sir Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell behind in school as a result of prolonged hospitalisations.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Randolph Peter Best (born Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and the first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Best was born in the city of Madras, then part of British India.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ After Best's mother, Mona Best (1924–1988), moved to Liverpool in 1945, she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles (at the time known as the Quarrymen) played some of their first concerts at the club.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ Brian Samuel Epstein (; 19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967) was an English music entrepreneur who managed the Beatles.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ Epstein first discovered the Beatles in November 1961 during a lunchtime performance at The Cavern Club.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ He was instantly impressed and saw great potential in the group.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ Epstein was rejected by nearly all major recording companies in London, until he secured a meeting with George Martin, head of EMI's Parlophone label.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ In May 1962, Martin agreed to sign the Beatles, partly because of Epstein's conviction that the group would become internationally famous.", "Brian Epstein __knowledge__ The Beatles' early success has been attributed to Epstein's management style, and the band trusted him without hesitation.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to world-wide fame during the 1960s.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ In 1957, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Emotion (stylized as E•MO•TION) is the third studio album by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 24, 2015 in Japan and on August 21, 2015 worldwide through 604, School Boy, and Interscope Records.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Looking to transition from the bubblegum pop-oriented nature of her second studio album \"Kiss\" (2012), Jepsen found inspiration in 1980s music and alternative styles.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ She enlisted a team of mainstream and indie collaborators, including Sia, Mattman & Robin, Dev Hynes, Ariel Rechtshaid and Rostam Batmanglij, culminating in a largely synth-pop-centric effort.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ \"Emotion\" received acclaim from contemporary music critics, who praised its pop escapism, but were divided over its lyrical content.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ Strange Clouds is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, released on May 1, 2012, under Grand Hustle Records, Rebel Rock Entertainment, and Atlantic Records.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Morgan Freeman, Taylor Swift, Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, T.I., Nicki Minaj, Ryan Tedder, Lauriana Mae, Playboy Tre, Trey Songz, Nelly and Roscoe Dash while the production was handled by Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Ryan Tedder, Lil' C, Mynority, Stargate, Frequency, Mike WiLL Made It, P-Nasty, Super Water Sympathy, Kutta, Billboard, Jamieson Jones, Jim Jonsin and B.o.B himself.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ B.o.B first spoke of the album, back in May 2011 in an interview with MTV.", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ Everyday Robots is the debut solo studio album by British musician Damon Albarn, best known as the frontman of Blur and Gorillaz.", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ Described by Albarn as his \"most personal record\", the album was co-produced by Richard Russell and released on 25 April 2014.", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ It features guest contributions from musician and producer Brian Eno, singer Natasha Khan and the Leytonstone City Mission Choir.", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ It was nominated for the 2014 Mercury Prize for best album.", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ The album produced five singles: \"Everyday Robots\", \"Lonely Press Play\", \"Hollow Ponds\", US-only release \"Mr Tembo\", and \"Heavy Seas of Love\".", "Everyday Robots __knowledge__ \"Everyday Robots\" received positive reviews from music critics, and debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ Startup Cult is the debut album by South Australian rap artist Allday.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ It was released via Australian rapper Illy's label ONETWO on July 4, 2014.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ It was released worldwide via Wind Up Records on September 18, 2015.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ The album features three singles: \"Right Now\", \"You Always Know the DJ\", and \"Wolves\" (featuring Sunni Colón).", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ Allday released \"Right Now\" as the lead single from Startup Cult on April 25, 2014.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ The music video was released on his YouTube channel on May 22, 2014, it was directed and produced by Nima Navili Rad.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ \"Right Now\" peaked at number 69 on the ARIA charts on May 6, 2014.", "Startup Cult __knowledge__ \"You Always Know The DJ\" became the second single and the music video was released on June 29, 2014.", "Take It from the Man! __knowledge__ Take It from the Man!", "Take It from the Man! __knowledge__ is the third studio album by American psychedelic rock band The Brian Jonestown Massacre.", "Take It from the Man! __knowledge__ After recording their shoegaze-influenced debut album \"Methodrone\" (1995) and releasing a collection of early recordings, \"Spacegirl & Other Favorites\", the band took influence from 1960s British garage rock and recorded \"Take it from the Man!\"", "Take It from the Man! __knowledge__ from November 1995–February 1996.", "Take It from the Man! __knowledge__ After recording the entire album with an unnamed producer who scrapped the recordings, the band re-recorded the album on a minimal budget, mostly at Lifesource Studios in Emeryville, California with production from Psychic TV's Larry Thrasher, whose usual \"studio\" approach was vetoed out by the band's back-to-basics approach.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Im Ye-jin (born Im Ki-hee on January 24, 1960) is a South Korean actress.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ As a teenage actress, she reached the peak of her popularity in the 1970s with the \"Really Really\" film trilogy, which include \"Never Forget Me\", \"I Am Really Sorry\" and \"I Really Really Like You\".", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ She is currently active in television.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Im Ki-hee began modeling in popular teen magazines when she was in junior high school.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ Using the stage name Im Ye-jin, she made her acting debut in Kim Ki-young's \"Transgression\" in 1974.", "Im Ye-jin __knowledge__ In 1975, Im played a high schooler in love with her teacher in \"Graduating School Girls\", for which she won Best New Actress at the Grand Bell Awards.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Chris Cornell (born Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ Chrissie Watts is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Tracy-Ann Oberman.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ She first appeared in April 2004 as the second wife of the show's \"most enduring character\", Den Watts (Leslie Grantham), becoming a prominent regular for the next 18 months.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ In 2005 she was the focus of one of \"the programme's biggest and most high-profile narratives\" when she killed her husband in a fit of rage during the special 20th anniversary episode.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ The broadcast, airing on 18 February, was watched by 14.34 million people, with \"almost 60% of possible viewers\" tuning in to see Chrissie take revenge.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false.", "You Really Got Me __knowledge__ \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 7, 7 ]	[ "Well they were an amazing English rock band.", "Yep, they were formed in 1960.", "The Beatles were formed in the city of Liverpool.", "I really like their song \"Love Me Do\" from 1962.", "I just find it crazy that it was made all the way back in 1962. \"Love Me Do\" is so good." ]	[ "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles" ]
[ "Honda Civic\nI just bought myself a brand new honda civic!", "Neat. I wonder what year the Honda Civic first debuted", "Ah, okay. I know Honda's are pretty popular cars. Any other neat tidbits you can tell me about them?", "Whoa! That is crazy! I believe they have on here in the US. " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Si is a sport compact trim of Civic by Honda.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ The Si (Sport Injected) trim was introduced for the third generation of Honda Civics in both Japan and North America.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In Canada and elsewhere the trim became known as the SiR for the sixth and seventh generations, and the Si trim was equivalent to the USDM EX model.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ For the Japanese and European markets, the Civic Type R was adopted as the high-performance variant of the Civic, starting with the EK9 hatch for Japan in 1996 and then with the EP3 hatch for Europe in 2001.", "Honda Civic Si __knowledge__ In North America the Type R name was never used until the 2017 model year with the launch of the Honda Civic Type R. Previous to this the Si label was the highest in North America(except for Acura vehicles).", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Antoine Rizkallah Kanaan \"Tony\" Filho (born 31 December 1974), more commonly known as Tony Kanaan, is a Brazilian racing driver.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Kanaan won the 2013 Indianapolis 500 and the 2004 IndyCar Series championship.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ In that season he completed 3,305 laps, making him the first IndyCar Series driver to complete every possible lap in a season.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ He also led 889 laps in 13 separate races to establish an IndyCar Series record.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ He is also the only driver to lead the Indianapolis 500 in each of his first seven starts, and won his first race on his 12th attempt.", "Tony Kanaan __knowledge__ Kanaan has a total of 17 career race wins and 15 pole-positions in the IndyCar Series.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ All You Can Do is the third studio album by American spoken word artist and rapper Watsky.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ The 16-track album was released on August 12, 2014.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ Watsky said in a YouTube video that he wanted the album to be a tribute to his parents, and that because of this, the album cover would be a photo of his father, poet Paul Watsky, and his cat, Saruman.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ He also explained that he would like his mother to be on an alternate cover.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ During this video, he also gave a preview of a song, entitled \"Hand Over Hand\" featuring producer and singer Anderson Paak.", "All You Can Do __knowledge__ The album was preceded by the single \"Whoa Whoa Whoa\", produced by Anderson Paak, Mr. Carmack, Mikos da Gawd, and Lo Def.", "2gether (band) __knowledge__ 2gether (usually stylized as 2ge+her, 2Ge+Her or 2GE+HER; pronounced \"Together\") was an American fictional boy band whose composition, songs, and formation story is a satirical approach to the boy bands of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s such as New Kids on the Block, 'N Sync and Backstreet Boys.", "2gether (band) __knowledge__ They were part of a self-titled MTV TV movie and spin-off television series.", "2gether (band) __knowledge__ The band, TV movie, and TV series were created by writers Brian Gunn and Mark Gunn, who also wrote many of their songs.", "2gether (band) __knowledge__ Each member was \"drafted\" into the band to fill a particular niche or market to a particular group.", "2gether (band) __knowledge__ Their manager is Bob Buss.", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ Sahara Hare is a 1955 \"Looney Tunes\" theatrical cartoon short created in 1954 and directed by Friz Freleng.", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ This is another classic battle between Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam (Riff Raff Sam).", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ Bugs pops up out from underground, thinking he has reached Miami Beach, when in reality he is in the Sahara Desert, presumably from \"not making that left toin at Albukoike\".", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ He comes prepared with a beach chair, sunscreen, sunglasses and even a bucket of carrots and ice.", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ Bugs runs across the desert for some time, eventually becoming dehydrated.", "Sahara Hare __knowledge__ He thinks he has found a nice park when he stumbles upon a water hole and a palm tree.", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ Whoa, Nelly!", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado.", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ It was released in North America on October 24, 2000 by DreamWorks Records.", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ It peaked at number twenty-four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, and opened to critical acclaim.", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ It produced three international singles: \"I'm Like a Bird\", \"Turn Off the Light\" and \"...on the Radio (Remember the Days)\".", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ \"Party's Just Begun (Again)\" was a club-only single released exclusively in the US before the album's availability in stores, and it was included on the soundtrack of the 1999 film \"Brokedown Palace\".", "Whoa, Nelly! __knowledge__ When \"Party's Just Begun (Again)\" was released, Furtado's label was unsure about the genre in which to market her.", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ \"Like Whoa\" is a song by American pop duo Aly & AJ, written and recorded by the duo for their second studio album, \"Insomniatic\".", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ It is the second and final single from the album, released in 2008.", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ The single release in the UK was cancelled for unknown reasons.", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ It was their final single to be released before changing their name to 78violet and departing from Hollywood Records.", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ The song, along with \"Bullseye\", \"Silence\", and \"Potential Breakup Song\", were released to UK radio stations to promote \"Insomniatic\", and \"Like Whoa\" later became the official next single.", "Like Whoa __knowledge__ It was picked by a massive 95% of Disney voters.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ The hokey cokey (United Kingdom), hokey pokey (United States, Ireland, Canada, Australia, the Caribbean, Israel), or hokey tokey (New Zealand), is a participation dance with a distinctive accompanying tune and lyric structure.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ It is well known in English-speaking countries.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ It originates in a British folk dance, with variants attested as early as 1826.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ The song and accompanying dance peaked in popularity as a music hall song and novelty dance in the mid-1940s in the British Isles.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ The song became a chart hit twice in the 1980s.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ The first hit was by The Snowmen, which peaked at UK No.", "Hokey cokey __knowledge__ 18 in 1981.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ \"Whoa\" is the second single from the album \"The Naked Truth\" by rapper Lil' Kim which is produced by J.R. Rotem.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ \"Whoa\" never made it to the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 but did make the R&B/Hip-Hop Tracks chart, where it peaked at number 30.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ Originally sent to US radio on November 22, 2005, it was then re-released in February to coincide with the airing of her reality show, \"\", for which it served as the theme song.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ It was released in the United Kingdom on May 15, 2006.", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ Before the album was released, some versions of the \"Lighters Up\" promo CD and vinyl listed the title of the song as \"My Ni*#@s\".", "Whoa (Lil Kim song) __knowledge__ Due to the lyrics in the second verse, Whoa is heard as a Junior M.A.F.I.A.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 40th season of FIA Formula One motor racing.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ It featured the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1986 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers, both of which commenced on 23 March and ended on 26 October after sixteen races.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The Drivers' Championship was won by Alain Prost, and the Manufacturers' Championship was won by Williams.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ Prost was the first driver to win back-to-back Drivers' Championships since Jack Brabham in 1959 and 1960.", "1986 FIA Formula One World Championship __knowledge__ The 1986 championship culminated in a battle between Williams drivers Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet and McLaren driver Alain Prost at the final race, the Australian Grand Prix.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature film, \"Frozen\", which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho, with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Since the film's release in November 2013, the franchise has expanded very rapidly.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ To date, the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions, merchandise, video games, books, a Disney on Ice show, and a short animated film.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ This is a worked-through example showing the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a practical decision situation.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ See Analytic hierarchy process#Practical examples for context for this example.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ Teachers and users of the AHP know that the best way to understand it is to work through an example.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ The example below shows how a broad range of considerations can be managed through use of the analytic hierarchy process.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ The decision at hand requires a reasonably complex hierarchy to describe.", "Analytic hierarchy process – car example __knowledge__ It involves factors from the tangible and precisely measurable (purchase price, passenger capacity, cargo capacity), through the tangible but difficult to measure (maintenance costs, fuel costs, resale value) to the intangible and totally subjective (style).", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt." ] ]	[ 1, 14, 25, 11 ]	[ "Oh thats great. The honda civic is a line of cars manufactured from honda .", "No information on that but the honda civic did originate from japan .", "Yeah sure i was also going to let you know that they have 10 plants across the countries that make hondas", "Not much information but i do believe that we have a plant here in the us. Another random fact i found is that all you can do" ]	[ "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic" ]
[ "Terrestrial locomotion", "That is great for your health I'm sure! Do you enjoy being out in nature while you are walking?", "Well, if you keep at it, you will build up stamina to last longer, right?", "That's no good. You should go to the doctor and get it looked at. They may be able to do something to ease or eliminate the pain." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animals Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of the leg and foot.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many gaits, ways of moving the legs to locomote, such as walking, running, or jumping.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Appendages can be used for movement in a number of ways.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ The posture, the way the body is supported by the legs, is an important aspect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three main ways in which vertebrates support themselves with their legs - sprawling, semi-erect, and fully erect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Some animals may use different postures in different circumstances, depending on the posture's mechanical advantages.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Interestingly, there is no detectable difference in energetic cost between stances." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animals Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of the leg and foot.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many gaits, ways of moving the legs to locomote, such as walking, running, or jumping.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Appendages can be used for movement in a number of ways.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ The posture, the way the body is supported by the legs, is an important aspect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three main ways in which vertebrates support themselves with their legs - sprawling, semi-erect, and fully erect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Some animals may use different postures in different circumstances, depending on the posture's mechanical advantages.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Interestingly, there is no detectable difference in energetic cost between stances.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits.", "Walking __knowledge__ Walking is defined by an 'inverted pendulum' gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.", "Walking __knowledge__ This applies regardless of the number of limbs—even arthropods, with six, eight or more limbs, walk.", "Walking __knowledge__ The word \"walk\" is descended from the Old English \"wealcan\" \"to roll\".", "Walking __knowledge__ In humans and other bipeds, walking is generally distinguished from running in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ \"Walking in Memphis\" is a song composed and originally recorded by the American singer-songwriter Marc Cohn, for whom it remains his signature song.", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ Cohn said the song is \"100 percent autobiographical\".", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ He described it as a song about \"a Jewish gospel-music-lover\", and as \"a pretty literal transcription of a visit I made ... in 1986.", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ I went to Graceland, I heard Al Green preach the gospel, I saw W. C. Handy's statue.", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ But the song is about more than just a place, it's about a kind of spiritual awakening, one of those trips where you're different when you leave.\"", "Walking in Memphis __knowledge__ It reflects on Cohn's experience as a Jew who feels the Gospel spirit of Memphis.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in the United Kingdom, and within England and Wales there is a comprehensive network of rights of way that permits easy access to the countryside.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Access is also easy in Scotland but not in Northern Ireland.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking is used in the United Kingdom to describe a range of activity, from a walk in the park to trekking in the Alps.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The word \"hiking\" is used in the UK, but less often than walking; the word rambling is also used, and the main organisation that supports walking is called The Ramblers.", "Walking in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Walking in mountainous areas in the UK is called hillwalking, or in Northern England, including the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, fellwalking, from the dialect word fell, for high, uncultivated land.", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ Walking, or sometimes referred to as \"The Wild\", is a lecture by Henry David Thoreau first delivered at the Concord Lyceum on April 23, 1851.", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ It was written between 1851 and 1860, but parts were extracted from his earlier journals.", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ Thoreau read the piece a total of ten times, more than any other of his lectures.", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ \"Walking\" was first published as an essay in the \"Atlantic Monthly\" after his death in 1862.", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ He considered it one of his seminal works, so much so, that he once wrote of the lecture, \"I regard this as a sort of introduction to all that I may write hereafter.\"", "Walking (Thoreau) __knowledge__ Walking is a Transcendental essay in which Thoreau talks about the importance of nature to mankind, and how people cannot survive without nature, physically, mentally, and spiritually, yet we seem to be spending more and more time entrenched by society.", "Vertebrate land invasion __knowledge__ The aquatic to terrestrial transition of vertebrate organisms occurred in the late Devonian era and was an important step in the evolutionary history of modern land vertebrates.", "Vertebrate land invasion __knowledge__ The transition allowed animals to escape competitive pressure from the water and explore niche opportunities on land.", "Vertebrate land invasion __knowledge__ Fossils from this period have allowed scientists to identify some of the species that existed during this transition, such as Tiktaalik and Acanthostega.", "Vertebrate land invasion __knowledge__ Many of these species were also the first to develop adaptations suited to terrestrial over aquatic life, such as neck mobility and hindlimb locomotion.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ The Italian crested newt (\"Triturus carnifex\") is a species of newt in the family Salamandridae.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ \"Triturus carnifex\" is found in parts of the Balkans and Italy.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ It is an aquatic breeder that can spend up to four months in the water.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ The location of the ponds where they breed affects the time when \"T. carnifex\" enters the water.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ \"T. carnifex\" prefers living in deep water since it is a nektonic species: it swims freely and is independent of currents.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ The absence of predatory fish may also explain why \"T. carnifex\" is inclined to ponds, rather than other larger bodies of water.", "Italian crested newt __knowledge__ They typically prefer ponds in northern Europe, where temperatures are colder.", "Terrestrial animal __knowledge__ The term terrestrial is typically applied for species that live primarily on the ground, in contrast to arboreal species, which live primarily in trees.", "Terrestrial animal __knowledge__ There are other less common terms that apply to specific groups of terrestrial animals: Terrestrial invasion is one of the most important events in the history of life.", "Terrestrial animal __knowledge__ Terrestrial lineages evolved in several animal phyla, among which vertebrates, arthropods, and mollusks are representatives of more successful groups of terrestrial animals.", "Terrestrial animal __knowledge__ Terrestrial animals do not form a unified clade; rather, they share only the fact that they live on land.", "Doleserpeton __knowledge__ Doleserpeton is an extinct, monospecific genus of dissorophoidean temnospondyl within the family Amphibamidae that lived during the Upper Permian, 285 million years ago.", "Doleserpeton __knowledge__ \"Doleserpeton\" is represented by a single species, \"Doleserpeton annectens\", which was first described by John R. Bolt in 1969.", "Doleserpeton __knowledge__ Fossil evidence of \"Doleserpeton\" was recovered from the Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry in Fort Sill, Oklahoma.", "Doleserpeton __knowledge__ The genus name \"Doleserpeton\" is derived from the initial discovery site in Dolese quarry of Oklahoma and the Greek root \"serp-\", meaning \"low or close to the ground\".", "Doleserpeton __knowledge__ This transitional fossil displays primitive traits of amphibians that allowed for successful adaptation from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.", "Marine life __knowledge__ At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Most life forms evolved initially in marine habitats.", "Marine life __knowledge__ Oceans provide about 99 percent of the living space on the planet.", "Marine life __knowledge__ The earliest vertebrates appeared in the form of fish, which live exclusively in water." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animals Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of the leg and foot.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many gaits, ways of moving the legs to locomote, such as walking, running, or jumping.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Appendages can be used for movement in a number of ways.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ The posture, the way the body is supported by the legs, is an important aspect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three main ways in which vertebrates support themselves with their legs - sprawling, semi-erect, and fully erect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Some animals may use different postures in different circumstances, depending on the posture's mechanical advantages.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Interestingly, there is no detectable difference in energetic cost between stances.", "Stamina therapy __knowledge__ Stamina therapy (also known as \"Stamina method\", or simply \"Stamina\") is a controversial alternative \"medical treatment\" invented by Italian former professor of psychology at the University of Udine Davide Vannoni, PhD (born 1967 in Turin), founder and president of \"Stamina Foundation\" (a self-declared nonprofit organization founded in 2009) and owner of a market research company.", "Stamina therapy __knowledge__ This \"therapy\", mainly aimed at neurodegenerative diseases, would rely on the conversion of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and it is currently kept secret by its promoters and lacking in scientific validation proving any therapeutic effectiveness; it does not appear, moreover, that Vannoni ever published any article about Stamina therapy on scientific journals thus subjecting it to the usual peer review processes.", "Association football positions __knowledge__ In the sport of association football, each of the 11 players on a team is assigned to a particular position on the field of play.", "Association football positions __knowledge__ A team is made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players who fill various defensive, midfield, and attacking positions depending on the formation deployed.", "Association football positions __knowledge__ These positions describe both the player's main role and their area of operation on the pitch.", "Association football positions __knowledge__ In the early development of the game, formations were much more offensively aggressive, with the 1–2–7 being prominent in the late 1800s.", "Association football positions __knowledge__ In the latter part of the 19th century, the 2–3–5 formation became widely used and the position names became more refined to reflect this.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Airsoft gun __knowledge__ Airsoft guns are replica weapons used in airsoft sports.", "Airsoft gun __knowledge__ They are essentially a special type of very low-power smoothbore air guns designed to shoot non-metallic spherical projectiles often colloquially (and incorrectly) referred to as \"BBs\", which are typically made of (but not limited to) plastic or biodegradable resin materials.", "Airsoft gun __knowledge__ Airsoft gun powerplants are designed to have low muzzle energy ratings (generally less than 1.5 J, or 1.1 ft⋅lb) and the pellets have significantly less penetrative and stopping powers than conventional air guns, and are generally safe for competitive sporting and recreational purposes if proper protective gear is worn.", "Chinese culture __knowledge__ Chinese culture () is one of the world's oldest cultures, tracing back to thousands of years ago.", "Chinese culture __knowledge__ The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well.", "Chinese culture __knowledge__ With China being one of the earliest ancient civilizations, Chinese culture is extremely diverse and varying, and it has a profound effect in the philosophy, virtue, etiquette and traditions of Asia to date.", "Chinese culture __knowledge__ Chinese culture is considered the dominant culture in East Asia historically.", "Chinese culture __knowledge__ Chinese language, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy, business etiquette , religion, politics and history have a profound impact on the world, while its traditions and festivals are also celebrated, instilled and practiced by people around Asia.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ The manga and anime series \"Slam Dunk\" features a cast of fictional characters created by Takehiko Inoue.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in Japan, with the main characters being high school basketball players from Kanagawa Prefecture.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ It tells the story of Hanamichi Sakuragi, a teenager who falls in love with Haruko Akagi after being rejected by 50 other girls.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ However, as Haruko is in love with Kaede Rukawa, a popular and talented basketball player, Sakuragi decides to join the Shohoku High School basketball team to surpass Rukawa and make Haruko fall in love with him.", "List of Slam Dunk characters __knowledge__ As he starts learning how to play basketball, Sakuragi starts liking the sport and resolves to become the best player.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ Gore: Ultimate Soldier is a first-person shooter video game for Microsoft Windows, released on June 5, 2002.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ It was published by DreamCatcher Games and developed by 4D Rulers.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ The player's ability to move quickly and jump high is affected by the stamina system.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ Stamina is usually lost when running or jumping, but being injured by weapons also does a toll on it.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ How much stamina lost is affected by several factors, such as the player class being used or the weapon currently being held.", "Gore: Ultimate Soldier __knowledge__ Smaller classes can move quicker and regenerate stamina faster, but they cannot run with heavy weapons or they will tire quickly.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ This article contains a list of characters from the telenovela \"Rebelde\".", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ \"Rebelde\" features several different plotlines, many of which are put on hold for several episodes before they are resumed.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Many of the minor characters often play central roles for a single episode before returning to the background.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Mía Colucci Caceres is Franco Colucci's only daughter with his first wife, Marina Caceres.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ The most popular girl at Elite Way School, she comes from a wealthy and privileged family who lives in Mexico City.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Spoiled and self-centered, she however can be very loyal, attentive and tender towards those she loves.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Kevin Gates __knowledge__ Kevin Jerome Gilyard (born February 5, 1986), better known by his stage name Kevin Gates, is an American rapper, singer, and entrepreneur.", "Kevin Gates __knowledge__ He is currently signed to Dead Game Records and Atlantic Records / Artist Partners along with his own record label, Bread Winners' Association.", "Kevin Gates __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Islah\", released in January 2016 and peaked at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Kevin Gates __knowledge__ Prior to \"Islah\", Gates also released numerous mixtapes including \"Stranger Than Fiction\", \"By Any Means\", and \"Luca Brasi 2\", all of which peaked in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Kevin Gates __knowledge__ Kevin Gates was born Kevin Jerome Gilyard on February 5, 1986.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Program evaluation __knowledge__ Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.", "Program evaluation __knowledge__ In both the public and private sectors, stakeholders often want to know whether the programs they are funding, implementing, voting for, receiving or objecting to are producing the intended effect.", "Program evaluation __knowledge__ While \"program evaluation\" first focuses around this definition, important considerations often include how much the program costs per participant, how the program could be improved, whether the program is worthwhile, whether there are better alternatives, if there are \"unintended\" outcomes, and whether the program goals are appropriate and useful." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the effects of gravity.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three basic forms of locomotion found among terrestrial animals Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of the leg and foot.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many gaits, ways of moving the legs to locomote, such as walking, running, or jumping.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Appendages can be used for movement in a number of ways.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ The posture, the way the body is supported by the legs, is an important aspect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ There are three main ways in which vertebrates support themselves with their legs - sprawling, semi-erect, and fully erect.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Some animals may use different postures in different circumstances, depending on the posture's mechanical advantages.", "Terrestrial locomotion __knowledge__ Interestingly, there is no detectable difference in energetic cost between stances.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ Pain in cancer may arise from a tumor compressing or infiltrating nearby body parts; from treatments and diagnostic procedures; or from skin, nerve and other changes caused by a hormone imbalance or immune response.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ Most chronic (long-lasting) pain is caused by the illness and most acute (short-term) pain is caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ However, radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy may produce painful conditions that persist long after treatment has ended.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ The presence of pain depends mainly on the location of the cancer and the stage of the disease.", "Cancer pain __knowledge__ At any given time, about half of all people diagnosed with malignant cancer are experiencing pain, and two thirds of those with advanced cancer experience pain of such intensity that it adversely affects their sleep, mood, social relations and activities of daily living.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Toothache, also known as dental pain, is pain in the teeth and/or their supporting structures, caused by dental diseases or pain referred to the teeth by non-dental diseases.", "Toothache __knowledge__ Common causes include inflammation of the pulp, usually in response to tooth decay, dental trauma, or other factors, dentin hypersensitivity (short, sharp pain, usually associated with exposed root surfaces), apical periodontitis (inflammation of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around the root apex), dental abscesses (localized collections of pus, such as apical abscess, pericoronal abscess, and periodontal abscess), alveolar osteitis (\"dry socket\", a possible complication of tooth extraction, with loss of the blood clot and exposure of bone), acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (a gum infection, also called \"trenchmouth\"), temporomandibular disorder and others.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Attacking maneuvers are offensive moves in professional wrestling, used to set up an opponent for a submission hold or for a throw.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of attacking moves in pro wrestling, and many are known by several different names.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Professional wrestlers frequently give their finishers new names.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Occasionally, these names become popular and are used regardless of the wrestler performing the technique.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Professional wrestling contains a variety of punches and kicks found in martial arts and other fighting sports; the moves listed below are more specific to wrestling itself.", "Professional wrestling attacks __knowledge__ Many of the moves below can also be performed from a raised platform (the top rope, the ring apron, etc.", "Causes of cancer pain __knowledge__ Cancer pain can be caused by pressure on, or chemical stimulation of, specialised pain-signalling nerve endings called nociceptors (nociceptive pain), or by damage or illness affecting nerve fibers themselves (neuropathic pain).", "Causes of cancer pain __knowledge__ Infection of a tumor or its surrounding tissue can cause rapidly escalating pain, but is sometimes overlooked as a possible cause.", "Causes of cancer pain __knowledge__ One study found that infection was the cause of pain in four percent of nearly 300 cancer patients referred for pain relief.", "Causes of cancer pain __knowledge__ Another report described seven patients, whose previously well-controlled pain escalated significantly over several days.", "Soring __knowledge__ Soring is the use of chemicals, pressure or devices to cause pain to the front feet and legs of horses when they touch the ground.", "Soring __knowledge__ This results in the horses picking up their front feet higher and faster than they would do naturally.", "Soring __knowledge__ It is an abusive and prohibited practice, illegal in the U.S. under the Horse Protection Act of 1970 (HPA).", "Soring __knowledge__ It is closely associated with a unique high-stepping action of the front legs called \"big lick\" movement in show ring Tennessee Walking Horses.", "Soring __knowledge__ Under normal circumstances, \"big lick\" action is normally created by horseshoes that have added pads and weight (sometimes called \"stacks\"), usually combined with additional weighted chains or rollers placed around the pasterns to create dramatic, high-stepping flashy action of the horse's front legs, desired in the horse show ring.", "Knee __knowledge__ The knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint).", "Knee __knowledge__ It is the largest joint in the human body.", "Knee __knowledge__ The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation.", "Knee __knowledge__ The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.", "Knee __knowledge__ It is often termed a \"compound joint\" having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components.", "Knee __knowledge__ (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.)", "Knee __knowledge__ The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or \"kneecap\", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower leg.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 5, 63 ]	[ "I walk everywhere, from aquatic to terrestrial environments.", "I do, but it raises different problems than that in water, I get tired very easily!", "You're right, but walking, running, or jumping cause pain in my knees, sadly.", "I probably should but I am scared of the use of chemicals that I a doctor might do." ]	[ "Terrestrial locomotion", "Terrestrial locomotion", "Terrestrial locomotion", "Terrestrial locomotion" ]
[ "Body piercing", "The only piercings I have are a single piercing in both of my ears. How about you?", "Do you have any tattoos? My youngest daughter has three. I have none." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Although the history of body piercing is obscured by popular misinformation and by a lack of scholarly reference, ample evidence exists to document that it has been practiced in various forms by both sexes since ancient times throughout the world.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Ear piercing and nose piercing have been particularly widespread and are well represented in historical records and among grave goods.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The oldest mummified remains ever discovered were sporting earrings, attesting to the existence of the practice more than 5,000 years ago.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nose piercing is documented as far back as 1500 BC.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Piercings of these types have been documented globally, while lip and tongue piercings were historically found in African and American tribal cultures.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nipple and genital piercing have also been practiced by various cultures, with nipple piercing dating back at least to Ancient Rome while genital piercing is described in Ancient India c. 320 to 550 CE." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Although the history of body piercing is obscured by popular misinformation and by a lack of scholarly reference, ample evidence exists to document that it has been practiced in various forms by both sexes since ancient times throughout the world.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Ear piercing and nose piercing have been particularly widespread and are well represented in historical records and among grave goods.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The oldest mummified remains ever discovered were sporting earrings, attesting to the existence of the practice more than 5,000 years ago.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nose piercing is documented as far back as 1500 BC.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Piercings of these types have been documented globally, while lip and tongue piercings were historically found in African and American tribal cultures.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nipple and genital piercing have also been practiced by various cultures, with nipple piercing dating back at least to Ancient Rome while genital piercing is described in Ancient India c. 320 to 550 CE.", "Earring __knowledge__ An earring is a piece of jewellery attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings, which clip onto the lobe).", "Earring __knowledge__ Earrings are worn by both sexes, although more common among women, and have been used by different civilizations in different times.", "Earring __knowledge__ Locations for piercings other than the earlobe include the rook, tragus, and across the helix (see image at right).", "Earring __knowledge__ The simple term \"ear piercing\" usually refers to an earlobe piercing, whereas piercings in the upper part of the external ear are often referred to as \"cartilage piercings\".", "Genital piercing __knowledge__ Genital piercing is a form of body piercing that involves piercing a part of the genitalia, thus creating a suitable place for wearing different types of jewellery.", "Genital piercing __knowledge__ Nevertheless, the term may also be used \"pars pro toto\" to indicate all body piercings in the area of anus, perineum, genitals and mons pubis, including piercings such as anal, guiche, and pubic that do not involve perforation of genitalia.", "Genital piercing __knowledge__ Genital piercings can be done in men or women, with various forms of piercings available.", "Genital piercing __knowledge__ The main motive for both genders is beautification and individualization, in addition some piercings enhance sexual pleasure by increasing stimulation.", "Stretching (body piercing) __knowledge__ Stretching, in the context of body piercing, is the deliberate expansion of a healed piercing for the purpose of wearing certain types of jewelry.", "Stretching (body piercing) __knowledge__ Ear piercings are the most commonly stretched piercings, with nasal septum piercings, tongue piercings and lip piercings/lip plates following close behind.", "Stretching (body piercing) __knowledge__ While all piercings can be stretched to some degree, cartilage piercings are usually more difficult to stretch and more likely to form hypertrophic scars if stretched quickly.", "Stretching (body piercing) __knowledge__ Dermal punching is generally the preferred method for accommodating larger jewelry in cartilage piercings.", "Stretching (body piercing) __knowledge__ Stretching is usually done in small increments to minimize the potential for damaging the healed fistula or creating scar tissue.", "Corset piercing __knowledge__ A corset piercing is a body piercing that is pierced multiple times mostly side to side to look like a corset being laced up the body.", "Corset piercing __knowledge__ Two rows of bilaterally symmetrical piercings are performed and can be composed of as few as four piercings (two in each row) or as many as the length of the area being pierced (usually the back) and the vertical space between piercings will allow space for.", "Corset piercing __knowledge__ Due to the difficulty and risks associated with permanently healing single surface piercings, most corset piercings are intended to be temporary.", "Corset piercing __knowledge__ Temporary corset piercings are often performed for aesthetic reasons, often as part of a fetish event or photo shoot.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ In modern Western body piercing, a wide variety of materials are used.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ Some cannot be autoclaved, and others may induce allergic reactions, or harbour bacteria.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ Certain countries, such as those belonging to the EU, have legal regulations specifying which materials can be used in new piercings.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ The Association of Professional Piercers has developed safety standards for body jewelry based on research and historical experience.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ Products with an ISO or ASTM designation are so noted and a statement specifying the finish requirements particular to body jewelry has been added.", "Body piercing materials __knowledge__ In addition, several materials designated for applications other than implants have been proven through historical and practical application to be suitably biocompatible for initial piercing.", "Nose piercing __knowledge__ Nose piercing is the piercing of the skin or cartilage which forms any part of the nose, normally for the purpose of wearing jewelry, called a nose-jewel.", "Nose piercing __knowledge__ Among the different varieties of nose piercings, the nostril piercing is the most common.", "Nose piercing __knowledge__ Nose piercing is the second most common variety of piercing after earlobe piercing.", "Nose piercing __knowledge__ Nostril piercing is a body piercing practice for the purpose of wearing jewelry, much like nose piercing, which is most primarily and prominently associated with Indian culture and fashion since classical times, and found commonly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal , Philippines and throughout South and even Southeast Asia.", "Tongue piercing __knowledge__ A tongue piercing is a body piercing usually done directly through the center of the tongue.", "Tongue piercing __knowledge__ While the tongue remains a popular site to pierce in the Western world, it has declined in popularity since 2011, going from the second to the fourth most popular body piercing for both men and women in England as of March 2015.", "Tongue piercing __knowledge__ Standard tongue piercings, or one hole in the center of tongue, is the most common and safest way to have tongue pierced.", "Tongue piercing __knowledge__ There is a history of ritual tongue piercing in both Aztec and Maya cultures, with illustrations of priests piercing their tongue and then either drawing blood from it or passing through rough cords designed to inflict pain." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The word piercing can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Although the history of body piercing is obscured by popular misinformation and by a lack of scholarly reference, ample evidence exists to document that it has been practiced in various forms by both sexes since ancient times throughout the world.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Ear piercing and nose piercing have been particularly widespread and are well represented in historical records and among grave goods.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ The oldest mummified remains ever discovered were sporting earrings, attesting to the existence of the practice more than 5,000 years ago.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nose piercing is documented as far back as 1500 BC.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Piercings of these types have been documented globally, while lip and tongue piercings were historically found in African and American tribal cultures.", "Body piercing __knowledge__ Nipple and genital piercing have also been practiced by various cultures, with nipple piercing dating back at least to Ancient Rome while genital piercing is described in Ancient India c. 320 to 550 CE.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item).", "Tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals.", "Tattoo __knowledge__ By the end of the 20th Century many Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed and the practice has become more acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Tattooing has been practiced across the globe since at least Neolithic times, as evidenced by mummified preserved skin, ancient art, and the archaeological record.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Both ancient art and archaeological finds of possible tattoo tools suggest tattooing was practiced by the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ However, direct evidence for tattooing on mummified human skin extends only to the 4th millennium BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ The oldest discovery of tattooed human skin to date is found on the body of Ötzi the Iceman, dating to between 3370 and 3100 BC.", "History of tattooing __knowledge__ Other tattooed mummies have been recovered from at least 49 archaeological sites including locations in Greenland, Alaska, Siberia, Mongolia, western China, Egypt, Sudan, the Philippines, and the Andes.", "East of the Sun and West of the Moon __knowledge__ \"East of the Sun and West of the Moon\" (Østenfor sol og vestenfor måne) is a Norwegian fairy tale.", "East of the Sun and West of the Moon __knowledge__ \"East of the Sun and West of the Moon\" was collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe.", "East of the Sun and West of the Moon __knowledge__ It is Aarne–Thompson type 425A, the search for the lost husband; other tales of this type include \"Black Bull of Norroway\", \"The King of Love\", \"The Brown Bear of Norway\", \"The Daughter of the Skies\", \"The Enchanted Pig\", \"The Tale of the Hoodie\", \"Master Semolina\", \"The Sprig of Rosemary\", \"The Enchanted Snake\", and \"White-Bear-King-Valemon\".", "East of the Sun and West of the Moon __knowledge__ The Swedish version is called \"Prince Hat under the Ground\".", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership and record the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments, incarceration, world view and/or means of personal expression.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Tattoos are strongly empirically associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized coded meanings.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ The code systems can be quite complex and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders.", "Criminal tattoo __knowledge__ Since tattooing in prison is illegal in the United States, the inmates do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some Christians take issue with tattooing, upholding the Hebrew prohibition (see below).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ The Hebrew prohibition is based on interpreting Leviticus 19:28—\"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you\"—so as to prohibit tattoos, and perhaps even makeup.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Interpretations of the passage vary, however.", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Some believe that it refers specifically to, and exclusively prohibits, an ancient form of self-mutilation during mourning (as discussed in the Judaism section).", "Religious perspectives on tattooing __knowledge__ Under this interpretation, tattooing is permitted to Jews and Christians.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ Tattooed ladies were working class women who acquired tattoos and performed in circuses, sideshows, and dime show museums as means for earning a substantial living.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ At the height of their popularity during the turn of the 20th century, tattooed ladies transgressed Victorian gender norms by showcasing their bodies in scantily clad clothing and earned a salary considerably larger their male counterparts.Tattooed ladies often used captivity narratives as a means for excusing their appearance, and to tantalize the audience.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ The popularity of tattooed ladies waned with the onset of television.", "Tattooed Lady __knowledge__ Thirty years before tattooed women exploded on the sideshow and dime museum circuit scene, a young, white woman made national headlines with her unusual appearance and frightening story.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ \"Home and Away\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the soap's executive producer, Lucy Addario.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ The 30th season of \"Home and Away\" began airing from 30 January 2017.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ Riley Hawkins was introduced during the following episode.", "List of Home and Away characters (2017) __knowledge__ Scarlett Snow made her debut in May, while June saw the arrival of the four-strong Astoni family consisting of parents Ben and Maggie Astoni, and their daughters Coco and Ziggy Astoni.", "Earring __knowledge__ An earring is a piece of jewellery attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings, which clip onto the lobe).", "Earring __knowledge__ Earrings are worn by both sexes, although more common among women, and have been used by different civilizations in different times.", "Earring __knowledge__ Locations for piercings other than the earlobe include the rook, tragus, and across the helix (see image at right).", "Earring __knowledge__ The simple term \"ear piercing\" usually refers to an earlobe piercing, whereas piercings in the upper part of the external ear are often referred to as \"cartilage piercings\".", "Infant ear piercing __knowledge__ Ear piercing is one of the oldest forms of body modification.", "Infant ear piercing __knowledge__ It occurs when holes are created on the ear lobes or cartilage to allow the insertion of decorative ornaments, such as earrings.", "Infant ear piercing __knowledge__ Ear piercing in children has been around for centuries as part of ritualistic and cultural traditions, but has continued to become a worldwide mainstream fashion statement.", "Infant ear piercing __knowledge__ However, due to the inevitable pain and potential health risks associated with baby ear piercing, many are petitioning to ban the optional procedure with no medical benefits.", "Infant ear piercing __knowledge__ The incidence of complications of piercing a baby's ears are still unknown, but because of its popularity, many parents and caregivers easily forget that any cosmetic piercing carries inherent dangers and health risks.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ An ear piercing instrument (commonly referred to as a piercing gun or an ear piercing gun) is a device designed to pierce earlobes by driving a pointed starter earring through the lobe.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ Piercing guns may be reusable or disposable.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ Piercing guns are typically used in mall jewelry shops.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ Piercing guns have been widely criticized as dangerous among professional body piercers.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ The use of older designs of piercing gun can possibly carry an increased risk of disease transmission, as compared to methods used by professional piercers.", "Ear piercing instrument __knowledge__ However, more modern designs of reusable piercing gun have addressed this problem by the use of self-contained disposable cartridges.", "Weber test __knowledge__ The Weber test is a quick screening test for hearing.", "Weber test __knowledge__ It can detect unilateral (one-sided) conductive hearing loss (middle ear hearing loss) and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (inner ear hearing loss).", "Weber test __knowledge__ The test is named after Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878).", "Weber test __knowledge__ Conductive hearing ability is mediated by the middle ear composed of the ossicles: incus, malleus, stapes.", "Weber test __knowledge__ Sensorineural hearing ability is mediated by the inner ear composed of the cochlea with its internal basilar membrane and attached cochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).", "Weber test __knowledge__ The outer ear consisting of the pinna, ear canal, and ear drum or tympanic membrane transmits sounds to the middle ear but does not contribute to the conduction or sensorineural hearing ability save for hearing transmissions limited by cerumen impaction (wax collection in the ear canal).", "Keloid __knowledge__ Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen.", "Keloid __knowledge__ It is a result of an overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen type 3) at the site of a healed skin injury which is then slowly replaced by collagen type 1.", "Keloid __knowledge__ Keloids are firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules, and can vary from pink to the color of the person's skin or red to dark brown in color.", "Keloid __knowledge__ A keloid scar is benign and not contagious, but sometimes accompanied by severe itchiness, pain, and changes in texture.", "Ear __knowledge__ The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.", "Ear __knowledge__ In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear.", "Ear __knowledge__ The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.", "Ear __knowledge__ Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word \"ear\" often refers to the external part alone.", "Ear __knowledge__ The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles.", "Ear __knowledge__ The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing." ] ]	[ 1, 9, 11 ]	[ "Do you have any body modifications (piercings)?", "I have three ear piercing - one in one ear, two in the other.", "No tattoos. They were regarded as uncivilised in my time. People are doing a lot of body modification these days" ]	[ "Body piercing", "Body piercing", "Body piercing" ]
[ "Dog\nHello I love dogs and I have an 11 year old Pekingese named Henry. Do you like dogs?", "Lol you would thing that Henry is a lapdog good question! No he is larger than most of his breed at 20 pounds and is very independent.", "Lol that is so true! How old is your pitbull and what colors is she?", "Aw how cute! Henry is a light brown Pekingese with with paws and a white chest. Dogs are SO great aren't they!?", "Oops I meant to type white paws. Yes he is a little lion dog and looks like it too. Just like they say this temple dog is protective and he acts like owns the place. Lol! " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The Pekingese (also known as the Lion Dog, Peking Lion Dog, Pelchie Dog, or Peke) is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ They are called Lion Dogs due to their resemblance to Chinese guardian lions (the Shih Tzu is also known as a Lion Dog in Chinese).", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as both a lap dog and companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ A lapdog or lap dog is a dog that is both small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap and temperamentally predisposed to do so.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" are not a specific breed, but is a generic term for a type of dog of small size and friendly disposition.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" historically were kept in many societies around the world by individuals with leisure time, as docile companion animals with no working function other than companionship.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Genetic analysis reveals that lapdogs are among the earliest specific types of dogs to live with people.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Today, most lapdog breeds fall into the \"Toy\" breed group.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance.", "Dog type __knowledge__ In contrast, modern \"dog breeds\" are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types include ancestral forms (or \"landraces\") that arose undocumented over a long time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ A \"dog type\" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed is not a true spaniel; its breeding and role differs quite a bit.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ (Spaniels are gun dogs.)", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel has a domed head that is small, in comparison to its body.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ It has a short blunt muzzle, free of wrinkles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Lap dog __knowledge__ A lapdog or lap dog is a dog that is both small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap and temperamentally predisposed to do so.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" are not a specific breed, but is a generic term for a type of dog of small size and friendly disposition.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" historically were kept in many societies around the world by individuals with leisure time, as docile companion animals with no working function other than companionship.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Genetic analysis reveals that lapdogs are among the earliest specific types of dogs to live with people.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Today, most lapdog breeds fall into the \"Toy\" breed group.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The King Charles Spaniel (also known as the English Toy Spaniel) is a small dog breed of the spaniel type.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ In 1903, the Kennel Club combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ Thought to have originated in the Far East, toy spaniels were first seen in Europe during the 16th century.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ They were made famous by their association with King Charles II of England (1630–1685) and have been linked with English royalty since the time of Queen Mary I (1516–1558).", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ Joelle Hadjia (born 7 November 1990 in Sydney) is an Australian singer best known simply as Joelle and for competing in the fourth season of \"The X Factor Australia\" as part of the duo Good Question and in the fifth season as a solo singer.", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ As of July 2016, Hadjia went under the name Joey.", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ Her debut studio album is due in 2017, titled \"Enough\".", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ Joelle Hadjia is from Sydney.", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ She was a student at the University of Western Sydney.", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ She originally tried to kickstart her career in LA when she was 19 and was signed to a small independent label.", "Joelle Hadjia __knowledge__ Hadjia released her first single entitled \"Thought It Was You\" which was produced by Sergio 'Don Dolla' Selim.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The Beagle is a breed of small hound that is similar in appearance to the much larger foxhound.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is a scent hound, developed primarily for hunting hare.", "Beagle __knowledge__ With a great sense of smell and superior tracking instinct, the beagle is employed as detection dog for prohibited agricultural imports and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world.", "Beagle __knowledge__ The beagle is intelligent but single-minded.", "Beagle __knowledge__ It is a popular pet due to its size, good temper, and lack of inherited health problems.", "Beagle __knowledge__ Although beagle-type dogs have existed for 2,500 years, the modern breed was developed in Great Britain around the 1830s from several breeds, including the Talbot Hound, the North Country Beagle, the Southern Hound, and possibly the Harrier.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Toad the Wet Sprocket __knowledge__ Toad the Wet Sprocket is an American alternative rock band formed in 1986.", "Toad the Wet Sprocket __knowledge__ The band consists of vocalist and guitarist Glen Phillips, guitarist Todd Nichols, bassist Dean Dinning, and drummer Randy Guss.", "Toad the Wet Sprocket __knowledge__ They had chart success in the 1990s with singles which included \"Walk on the Ocean\", \"All I Want\", \"Something's Always Wrong\", \"Fall Down\", and \"Good Intentions\".", "Toad the Wet Sprocket __knowledge__ The band broke up in 1998 to pursue other projects but in 2006, began touring the United States as a band again for short run tours each summer in small venues.", "Toad the Wet Sprocket __knowledge__ In December 2010, the band announced their official reunion as a full-time working band and started writing songs for their first studio album of new material since their 1997 Columbia Records release, \"Coil\".", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Cultural depictions of dogs extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Representations of dogs in art became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, watchfulness, and love.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ As dogs became more domesticated, they were shown as companion animals, often painted sitting on a lady's lap.", "Cultural depictions of the dog __knowledge__ Throughout the art history there is an overwhelming presence of dogs as status symbols and pets in painting mainly in the Western art.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed is not a true spaniel; its breeding and role differs quite a bit.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ (Spaniels are gun dogs.)", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel has a domed head that is small, in comparison to its body.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ It has a short blunt muzzle, free of wrinkles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ Armando Christian Pérez (born January 15, 1981), known by the stage name Pitbull or Mr. Worldwide, is an American rapper, singer, actor and record producer.", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ His first recorded mainstream performance was on a solo track from Lil Jon's 2002 album \"Kings of Crunk\".", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album \"M.I.A.M.I.\"", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ under TVT Records.", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ It included production producers Lil Jon and Jim Jonsin.", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ Pitbull later released his second album \"El Mariel\", in 2006 and his third, \"The Boatlift\", in 2007.", "Pitbull (rapper) __knowledge__ His fourth album, \"Rebelution\" (2009), included his breakthrough hit single \"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)\", which peaked at number two on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song) __knowledge__ \"Live It Up\" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez.", "Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song) __knowledge__ It was written by RedOne, Alex Papaconstantinou, Björn Djupström, Viktor Svensson, Armando \"Pitbull\" Perez, Achraf Janussi and Bilal \"The Chef\" Hajji.", "Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song) __knowledge__ It was produced by RedOne and Alex P, with co-production from Viktor Svensson and audio production by Kuk Harrell.", "Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song) __knowledge__ The song features guest vocals from Pitbull; the song marks the fourth collaboration between the duo, following \"Fresh Out the Oven\" (2009), \"On the Floor\" (2011) and \"Dance Again\" (2012), the latter two of which achieved commercial success.", "Live It Up (Jennifer Lopez song) __knowledge__ \"Live It Up\" is a dance-pop and Europop song that features Lopez singing inspirational lyrics about living it up.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ A lapdog or lap dog is a dog that is both small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap and temperamentally predisposed to do so.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" are not a specific breed, but is a generic term for a type of dog of small size and friendly disposition.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" historically were kept in many societies around the world by individuals with leisure time, as docile companion animals with no working function other than companionship.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Genetic analysis reveals that lapdogs are among the earliest specific types of dogs to live with people.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Today, most lapdog breeds fall into the \"Toy\" breed group.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The King Charles Spaniel (also known as the English Toy Spaniel) is a small dog breed of the spaniel type.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ In 1903, the Kennel Club combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ Thought to have originated in the Far East, toy spaniels were first seen in Europe during the 16th century.", "King Charles Spaniel __knowledge__ They were made famous by their association with King Charles II of England (1630–1685) and have been linked with English royalty since the time of Queen Mary I (1516–1558).", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small dog or a grouping of small and very small breeds of dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ A toy dog may be of any of various dog types.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Types of dogs referred to as toy dogs may include Spaniels, Pinschers and Terriers that have been bred down in size.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Not all toy dogs are lapdogs, although that is an important and ancient type of toy dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ The very smallest toy dogs are sometimes called \"teacup\" size, although no major dog registry recognizes that term.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Dogs referred to as toy or teacup dogs, are dogs found in the \"Toy Group\" of breed registries, may be of the very ancient lapdog type, or they may be small versions of hunting dogs or working dogs, bred down in size for a particular kind of work or to create a pet of convenient size.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function or style of work, lineage, or appearance.", "Dog type __knowledge__ In contrast, modern \"dog breeds\" are particular breed standards, sharing a common set of heritable characteristics, determined by the kennel club that recognizes the breed.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dog types include ancestral forms (or \"landraces\") that arose undocumented over a long time.", "Dog type __knowledge__ A \"dog type\" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel.", "Dog type __knowledge__ Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The Pekingese (also known as the Lion Dog, Peking Lion Dog, Pelchie Dog, or Peke) is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ They are called Lion Dogs due to their resemblance to Chinese guardian lions (the Shih Tzu is also known as a Lion Dog in Chinese).", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as both a lap dog and companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in the \"Shrek\" franchise and spin-offs from it.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers, Michael Gough as his official voice in the video games) is the lead character in of all of the films.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He prides himself on being a big, green, terrifying ogre and is ill-tempered and mean.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ He begins the series as an unsociable hermit until he meets his soon-to-be best friend, Donkey.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ In a deal with Lord Farquaad, he and Donkey embark on a quest to save Princess Fiona from the castle in which she was confined.", "List of Shrek characters __knowledge__ Despite their differences, Shrek and Fiona fall in love, marry at the end of the first film, and have three ogre babies in the third film.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The Philippine Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) is a volunteer-based, non-government organization whose goal is to prevent animal cruelty through education, animal sheltering and advocacy.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS believes that the creation of a more peaceful society starts with the widening of mankind’s circle of compassion which includes animals, thereby envisions a nation that respects animals, practices responsible pet ownership and protects wildlife.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The volunteer-based organization rehabilitates these animals in the hope of finding them new homes and a second chance at a good life.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS does not take in pets of other people, only victims of cruelty or neglect where the animal offenders are charged with violation of the Animal Welfare Act in court.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ A lapdog or lap dog is a dog that is both small enough to be held in the arms or lie comfortably on a person's lap and temperamentally predisposed to do so.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" are not a specific breed, but is a generic term for a type of dog of small size and friendly disposition.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ \"Lapdogs\" historically were kept in many societies around the world by individuals with leisure time, as docile companion animals with no working function other than companionship.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Genetic analysis reveals that lapdogs are among the earliest specific types of dogs to live with people.", "Lap dog __knowledge__ Today, most lapdog breeds fall into the \"Toy\" breed group.", "Comic Relief __knowledge__ Comic Relief is an operating British charity, and an independent sister organization of the United States-based Comic Relief Inc.", "Comic Relief __knowledge__ It was founded in 1985 by the comedy scriptwriter Richard Curtis and comedian Lenny Henry in response to famine in Ethiopia.", "Comic Relief __knowledge__ The highlight of Comic Relief's appeal is Red Nose Day, a biennial telethon held in March, alternating with sister project Sport Relief.", "Comic Relief __knowledge__ A prominent biennial event in British popular culture, Comic Relief is one of the two high-profile telethon events held in the United Kingdom, the other being Children in Need, held annually in November.", "Comic Relief __knowledge__ In the United States, Red Nose Day is an annualized event that has raised more than $95 million since 2015.", "Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh __knowledge__ Academic dress at the University of Edinburgh is compulsory at official ceremonial occasions, such as graduation and the installations of Rector and Chancellor, and otherwise optional, usually only worn for events.", "Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh __knowledge__ As with the other 'ancient universities' in Scotland, undergraduates at the University of Edinburgh are entitled to wear an undergraduate gown, made of scarlet Russell cord and cut in the London undergraduate shape.", "Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh __knowledge__ In recent times the undergraduate gown has been worn most commonly by members of the Edinburgh University Singers and by students taking part in the traditional festivities surrounding the installation of the Rector.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The Care Bears are a group of characters created by the U.S. greeting card company American Greetings in 1981.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The title characters originally appeared in card artwork by Elena Kucharik, before branching out into various media and merchandise.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ The franchise launched in 1982 with ten title characters, and in 1984 added several more characters known as the Care Bear Cousins.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Each of the Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins has a \"tummy symbol\" — a picture or pattern that indicates the role or specialty of the character bearing it.", "List of Care Bear characters __knowledge__ Beginning with \"\", \"tummy symbols\" are sometimes referred to as \"belly badges.\"", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ Red Nose Day 2011 was a fundraising event organised by Comic Relief.", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ There was a live telethon broadcast on BBC One and BBC Two from the evening of 18 March 2011 to early the following morning as well as a number of run-up events.", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ The theme for the Red Nose Day 2011 invited fund-raisers to \"Do Something Funny For Money\".", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ Donations to Comic Relief's Red Nose Day 2011 reached £74,360,207, the largest total reached on the night in the event's 23-year history.", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ Comic Relief co-founder Richard Curtis said: \"This is more than we ever believed we would raise.", "Red Nose Day 2011 __knowledge__ The generosity of the British public is staggering.\"", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer __knowledge__ Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, popularly known as \"Santa's ninth reindeer\", is a fabled reindeer created by Robert Lewis May.", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer __knowledge__ Rudolph is usually depicted as the lead reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve, though he is a young buck who has only adolescent antlers and a glowing red nose.", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer __knowledge__ Though he receives scrutiny for it, the luminosity of his nose is so great that it illuminates the team's path through harsh winter weather.", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer __knowledge__ Rudolph first appeared in a 1939 booklet written by Robert L. May and published by Montgomery Ward, the department store.", "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer __knowledge__ The story is owned by The Rudolph Company, LP and has been adapted in numerous forms including a popular song, the iconic 1964 television special and sequels, and and sequel.", "Red Nose Day 2015 __knowledge__ Red Nose Day 2015 was a fund-raising event organised by Comic Relief, broadcast live on BBC One and BBC Two from the evening of 13 March 2015 to early the following morning.", "Red Nose Day 2015 __knowledge__ It was part of the \"Face the Funny\" campaign.", "Red Nose Day 2015 __knowledge__ It was held on Friday 13 March till Saturday 14 March 2015 from 7:00 pm to 2:00 am on BBC One.", "Red Nose Day 2015 __knowledge__ Following the closure of BBC Television Centre in 2013, Comic Relief has had to look for new venues to host the annual telethons as they were previously filmed live from Studio One.", "Red Nose Day 2015 __knowledge__ Sport Relief 2014 was the first not to be filmed at Television Centre, but at the Copper Box in London's Olympic Park.", "Red Nose Day Actually __knowledge__ Red Nose Day Actually is a 2017 British romantic comedy television short film, acting as both a sequel to the 2003 feature film \"Love Actually\", and a part of the fund-raising event Red Nose Day 2017.", "Red Nose Day Actually __knowledge__ \"Love Actually\" writer and director Richard Curtis returns alongside cast members Hugh Grant, Liam Neeson, Colin Firth, Andrew Lincoln, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Keira Knightley, Martine McCutcheon, Bill Nighy, Thomas Sangster, Lúcia Moniz, Olivia Olson, Marcus Brigstocke, and Rowan Atkinson.", "Red Nose Day Actually __knowledge__ The film was first broadcast on BBC One on March 24, 2017 as a part of Red Nose Day.", "Red Nose Day Actually __knowledge__ A slightly different version of the film, featuring Laura Linney reprising her role and Patrick Dempsey, was broadcast in US on May 25, 2017." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Löwchen __knowledge__ The Löwchen or Little Lion Dog (German: \"Löwchen\" \"little lion,\" French: \"Petit chien lion,\" \"little lion dog\") \"is a breed of dog.", "Löwchen __knowledge__ A small dog, they are considered by some registries as a toy dog and by the American Kennel Club as a non-sporting dog.\"", "Löwchen __knowledge__ The Löwchen once had the dubious distinction, like the Portuguese Water Dog and the Havanese, of being the rarest dog in the world.", "Löwchen __knowledge__ In 1973 there were only 65 registered examples of the breed.", "Löwchen __knowledge__ Even today, the breed generally has fewer than a few hundred new registrations each year worldwide.", "Löwchen __knowledge__ The Löwchen's coat is long and flowing and comes in many colours.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian ridgeback is a dog breed developed in South Africa.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ Its European forebears can be traced to the early pioneers of the Cape Colony of southern Africa, who crossed their dogs with the semi-domesticated, ridged hunting dogs of the Khoikhoi.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The Rhodesian Ridgeback has also previously been known as Van Rooyen's lion dog or the African lion hound or African lion dog\"simba inja\" in Ndebele, \"shumba imbwa\" in Shonabecause of its ability to keep a lion at bay while awaiting its master's arrival to make the kill.", "Rhodesian Ridgeback __knowledge__ The original breed standard was drafted by F. R. Barnes, in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in 1922.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The Pekingese (also known as the Lion Dog, Peking Lion Dog, Pelchie Dog, or Peke) is an ancient breed of toy dog, originating in China.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ They are called Lion Dogs due to their resemblance to Chinese guardian lions (the Shih Tzu is also known as a Lion Dog in Chinese).", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed was favored by royalty of the Chinese Imperial court as both a lap dog and companion dog, and its name refers to the city of Peking (Beijing) where the Forbidden City is located.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ The breed has several characteristics and health issues related to its unique appearance.", "Pekingese __knowledge__ Because of its desirable characteristics, the Pekingese has been part of the development of designer crossbreeds, such as the Peekapoo (crossed with a poodle) and Peke-a-tese (crossed with a Maltese).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ This breed is not a true spaniel; its breeding and role differs quite a bit.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ (Spaniels are gun dogs.)", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ The Tibetan Spaniel has a domed head that is small, in comparison to its body.", "Tibetan Spaniel __knowledge__ It has a short blunt muzzle, free of wrinkles.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ Lion dance () is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume to bring good luck and fortune.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The lion dance is usually performed during the Chinese New Year and other Chinese traditional, cultural and religious festivals.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ It may also be performed at important occasions such as business opening events, special celebrations or wedding ceremonies, or may be used to honour special guests by the Chinese communities.", "Lion dance __knowledge__ The Chinese lion dance is sometimes mistakenly referred to as dragon dance by most first timers.", "Peking opera __knowledge__ Peking opera, or Beijing opera (), is a form of Chinese opera which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.", "Peking opera __knowledge__ It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.", "Peking opera __knowledge__ The form was extremely popular in the Qing dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.", "Peking opera __knowledge__ Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north and Shanghai in the south.", "Peking opera __knowledge__ The art form is also preserved in Taiwan (Republic of China), where it is known as \"Guójù\" ().", "Peking opera __knowledge__ It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan." ] ]	[ 20, 10, 0, 22, 44 ]	[ "i love dogs! is henry a lapdog?:) does he like to lie in your arms or lap?", "lol wow! interesting. lapdogs are not specific to breed actually. my pitbull is a lapdog herself & it hurts", "she is 7 years..i think? she's a red nose with brown and white fur :) she's a cutie", "they sure are! so Mr. Henry looks like a small lion? Pekingese are also called Peking lion dogs lol", "my heart! does he have any health issues? it is believed they have health issues due to their appearance. " ]	[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]
[ "New York City\nNew York is by far my favourite city in the world.", "Whats the current population at the moment?", "Thats huge. Is New York still the financial hub of the US even after the financial crisis ?", "Do you know where the name New York derived from ?", "I thought is was named after a village in England called York but I may be mistaken. How did the statue of liberty come about?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ The architecture of Liverpool is rooted in the city's development into a major port of the British Empire.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ It encompasses a variety of architectural styles of the past 300 years, while next to nothing remains of its medieval structures which would have dated back as far as the 13th century.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ Erected 1716-18, Bluecoat Chambers is supposed to be the oldest surviving building in central Liverpool.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ There are over 2,500 listed buildings in Liverpool of which 27 are Grade I and 85 Grade II* listed.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ It has been described by English Heritage as England's finest Victorian city.", "Architecture of Liverpool __knowledge__ However, due to neglect, some of Liverpool's finest listed buildings are on English Heritage's \"Heritage at Risk\" register.", "Bea Arthur __knowledge__ Beatrice \"Bea\" Arthur (born Bernice Frankel; May 13, 1922 – April 25, 2009) was an American actress, comedian, singer, and animal rights activist.", "Bea Arthur __knowledge__ Her career spanned seven decades.", "Bea Arthur __knowledge__ Arthur achieved fame as the character Maude Findlay on the 1970s sitcoms \"All in the Family\" (1971–72) and \"Maude\" (1972–78), and as Dorothy Zbornak on the 1980s sitcom \"The Golden Girls\" (1985–92), winning Emmy Awards for both roles.", "Bea Arthur __knowledge__ A stage actress both before and after her television success, she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Vera Charles in the original cast of \"Mame\" (1966).", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ Nicole Vaidišová (; born 23 April 1989) is a Czech former professional tennis player.", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ Vaidišová is an Australian Open and French Open semifinalist and also reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon.", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ Vaidišová started playing tennis when she was six years old, enrolling to train at Nick Bollettieri's tennis academy in Bradenton, Florida.", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ Her serve was considered her biggest weapon.", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ Her powerful groundstrokes, along with her serve, collaborated well together to produce an aggressive, all-round game.", "Nicole Vaidišová __knowledge__ On 9 August 2006, at the age of 17 years, three months, and two weeks, she became the 12th-youngest player in WTA Tour history to be ranked in the top 10.", "Canadian music genres __knowledge__ Canadian music genres identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other types of music made by Canadians.", "Canadian music genres __knowledge__ The music of Canada has reflected the multi-cultural influences that have shaped the country.", "Canadian music genres __knowledge__ First Nations people, the French, the British, the Americans and many others nationalities have all made unique contributions to the musical genres of Canada.", "Canadian music genres __knowledge__ During the swing boom of the late 1930s and early 1940s, Canada produced such notable bandleaders as Ellis McLintock, Bert Niosi, Jimmy Davidson, and Mart Kenney.", "Canadian music genres __knowledge__ In the 1940s, Bert Niosi and Oscar Peterson became widely known.", "Economy of Leeds __knowledge__ The economy of Leeds is the most diverse economy of all the UK's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of public to private sector jobs of all the UK's Core Cities.", "Economy of Leeds __knowledge__ Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015.", "Economy of Leeds __knowledge__ Leeds is the largest legal and financial centre in the UK outside of London, and in 2011 its financial and insurance services industry was worth £2.1 billion.", "Economy of Leeds __knowledge__ with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ Uttarakhand is a state in North Indian region of Himalayas.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ The state is popularly known as Devbhumi (land of Gods) due to the presence of numerous Hindu pilgrimage sites.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ As a result, religious tourism forms a major portion of the tourism in the state.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ The tourism business in Uttarakhand generated 23,000 crores during 2013-14, however due to 2013 North Indian Floods, it is expected to witness a 70% fall to 6,900 crores during 2014-15.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ Panch Badri Uttarakhand is famous for Char Dham Yatra, which literally meaning 'journey to four centres'.", "Tourism in Uttarakhand __knowledge__ These four religious centres in Uttarakhand are represented by Badrinath (dedicated to Lord Vishnu), Kedarnath(dedicated to Lord Shiva), Gangotri (the holy origin of river Ganga)and Yamunotri (the holy origin of river Yamuna).", "Sapta Puri __knowledge__ The Sapta Puri are seven holy pilgrimage centres in India.", "Sapta Puri __knowledge__ The tirthas (pilgrimage centres) are: Ayodhya (Rama), Mathura (Krishna), Haridwar (Vishnu), Varanasi (Shiva), Kanchipuram (Parvati), Ujjain (Shiva) and Dwarka (Krishna).", "Sapta Puri __knowledge__ The Sapta Puri are places of birth of religious and spiritual masters, places where Gods have descended as avatars (incarnations) such as Ayodhya where Rama was born, and places considered as \"Nitya tirthas\", naturally endowed, with spiritual powers since ages such as Varanasi and Haridwar.", "Sapta Puri __knowledge__ Kanchipuram is known for its Kamakshi Amman Temple dedicated to the Mother Goddess." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The Karnataka Quiz Association (or KQA) was founded in 1983 by the late Wing Commander G.R.Mulky, Deepak Murdeshwar, Rajeev Gowda, Thomas Uthup, K.N.Mahabala, Thribhuvan Kumar, P.Raju and Jagadish Raja is a non-profit association devoted to popularizing the mindsport among students and the general public in Bangalore and beyond.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ Contests are held regularly in the following categories: Middle School, High School, Junior College, College, and Open-to-all.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ In addition, specialist quizzes in the areas of Literature, Entertainment, Music, Art, Comics and Business are held every year.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The KQA holds events in English and Kannada.", "Iraqi diaspora __knowledge__ The Iraqi diaspora refers to native Iraqis who have left for other countries as emigrants or refugees, and is now one of the largest in modern times, being described by the UN as a \"humanitarian crisis\" caused by the 2003 invasion of Iraq and by the ensuing war.", "Iraqi diaspora __knowledge__ The Iraqi diaspora is not a sudden exodus but one that has grown exponentially through the 20th century as each generation faced some form of radical transition or political conflict.", "Iraqi diaspora __knowledge__ There were at least two large waves of expatriation.", "Iraqi diaspora __knowledge__ A great number of Iraqis left the country during the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein, and large numbers have left during the Iraq War and its aftermath.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On is a professional scheduling software package for broadcasting companies, created by the Belgian company MediaGeniX.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Since 2013 Dirk Debraekeleer is the CEO of this company.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ The software was first created for the Vlaamse Televisie Maatschappij in 1992 as a scheduling system for linear TV.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ In 1999 the system was extended to include radio scheduling.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Version 20 of the package includes video on demand, video streaming, podcasting and theme channel support.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On includes support for revenue share licence agreements and it introduces the first fully embedded workflow engine that will further optimize the data flow between Digital asset managementsystems, play-out suites and finance systems.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Shrinking cities or urban depopulation are dense cities that have experienced notable population loss.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Emigration (migration from a place) is a common reason for city shrinkage.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ Since the infrastructure of such cities was built to support a larger population, its maintenance can become a serious concern.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ A related phenomenon is counter urbanization.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The phenomenon of shrinking cities generally refers to a metropolitan area that experiences significant population loss in a short period of time.", "Shrinking cities __knowledge__ The theory is also known as counterurbanization, metropolitan deconcentration, and metropolitan turnaround.", "Doomsday argument __knowledge__ The Doomsday argument (DA) is a probabilistic argument that claims to predict the number of future members of the human species given an estimate of the total number of humans born so far.", "Doomsday argument __knowledge__ Simply put, it says that supposing that all humans are born in a random order, chances are that any one human is born roughly in the middle.", "Doomsday argument __knowledge__ It was first proposed in an explicit way by the astrophysicist Brandon Carter in 1983, from which it is sometimes called the Carter catastrophe; the argument was subsequently championed by the philosopher John A. Leslie and has since been independently discovered by J. Richard Gott and Holger Bech Nielsen.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ Jana Hawkes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\".", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ The role was portrayed by Emily O'Brien, first on a recurring status and then on contract until the character's death onscreen on May 6, 2011.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ Jana was married to Kevin Fisher, is the murderer of Carmen Mesta, and was involved in a number of illegal activities.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ She died of an aneurysm during a fight with her ex-husband's girlfriend, Chloe Mitchell.", "Jana Hawkes __knowledge__ O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring status from May 11 to September 5, 2006, and then on contract from October 10, 2006 to February 20, 2007, when the character disappeared from the canvas temporarily until her return on June 15, 2007.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The Medic Droid was an American synthpop band from Phoenix, Arizona.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The Medic Droid was started in 2005 with Chris Donathon, Hector Bagnod and Johnny Chavez (Droid).", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ Bagnod and Donathon first met in 2003, but Donathon moved away from the city after they met, only to return (and begin the band) a few years later.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ The group gained a strong initial following through the social networking site Myspace; by mid-2008 the song \"Fer Sure\" had logged almost 2 million plays on the site and the group had accumulated over 100,000 friends there.", "The Medic Droid __knowledge__ Soon they were noticed by manager Avery Andon who brought the band to New York where they played their first live show opening for Enter Shikari at The Bowery Ballroom and caught the eye of A&R's from Epic Records who would later go on to sign the band.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is published by Condé Nast.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, \"The New Yorker\" has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally.", "The New Yorker __knowledge__ It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copyediting, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The Chrysler New Yorker is an automobile model which was produced by Chrysler from 1940 to 1996, serving for several years as the brand's flagship model.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ A trim level named the \"New York Special\" first appeared in 1938 and the \"New Yorker\" name debuted in 1939.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ Until its discontinuation in 1996, the New Yorker had made its mark as the longest-running American car nameplate.", "Chrysler New Yorker __knowledge__ The New Yorker name helped define the Chrysler brand as a maker of upscale models, priced and equipped above mainstream brands like Ford, Chevrolet/Pontiac, and Dodge/Plymouth, but below full luxury brands like Cadillac, Lincoln and Packard.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Financial crisis of 2007–2008 __knowledge__ The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.", "Financial crisis of 2007–2008 __knowledge__ It began in 2007 with a crisis in the subprime mortgage market in the US, and developed into a full-blown international banking crisis with the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008.", "Financial crisis of 2007–2008 __knowledge__ Excessive risk-taking by banks such as Lehman Brothers helped to magnify the financial impact globally.", "Financial crisis of 2007–2008 __knowledge__ Massive bail-outs of financial institutions and other palliative monetary and fiscal policies were employed to prevent a possible collapse of the world financial system.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Occupy movement __knowledge__ The Occupy movement is an international socio-political movement against social and economic inequality and lack of \"real democracy\" around the world, its primary goal being to advance social and economic justice and new forms of democracy.", "Occupy movement __knowledge__ The movement has many different scopes; local groups often have different focuses, but among the movement's prime concerns are how large corporations (and the global financial system) control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy, and is unstable.", "Occupy movement __knowledge__ It is part of what Manfred Steger calls the \"global justice movement\".", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events and conditions that led to a financial crisis and subsequent recession that began in 2007.", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backed by said mortgages.", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Several major financial institutions collapsed in September 2008, with significant disruption in the flow of credit to businesses and consumers and the onset of a severe global recession.", "Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Government housing policies, over-regulation, failed regulation and deregulation have all been claimed as causes of the crisis, along with many others.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The European debt crisis (often also referred to as the Eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis) is a multi-year debt crisis that has been taking place in the European Union since the end of 2009.", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government debt or to bail out over-indebted banks under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties like other Eurozone countries, the European Central Bank (ECB), or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).", "European debt crisis __knowledge__ The detailed causes of the debt crisis varied.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Many factors directly and indirectly caused the Great Recession (which started in 2007 with the US subprime mortgage crisis), with experts and economists placing different weights on particular causes.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Major causes of the initial subprime mortgage crisis and following recession include: International trade imbalances and lax lending standards contributing to high levels of developed country household debt and real-estate bubbles that have since burst; U.S. government housing policies; and limited regulation of non-depository financial institutions.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Once the recession began, various responses were attempted with different degrees of success.", "Great Recession __knowledge__ The Great Recession (2007–2012) was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.", "Great Recession __knowledge__ The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country.", "Great Recession __knowledge__ In terms of overall impact, the International Monetary Fund concluded that it was the worst global recession since the 1930s (the Great Depression).", "Great Recession __knowledge__ The causes of the recession largely originated in the United States, particularly related to the real-estate market, though choices made by other nations contributed as well.", "Great Recession __knowledge__ According to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (the official arbiter of U.S. recessions) the recession, as experienced in that country, began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009, thus extending over 19 months.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ A floterial district is a legislative district that includes several separate districts that independently would not be entitled to additional representation, but whose combined population entitles the area to another seat in the legislative body.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ It is a technique that a state may be authorized to use to achieve more equal apportionment by population during redistricting.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ In common usage, a floterial district is not just a multi-town district, but a multi-town district that \"floats\" over towns that already elect one or more legislators.", "Floterial district __knowledge__ For example, a city due more than five representatives but not quite six might elect five representing the city itself, and one more in a floterial district that includes some neighboring towns whose small populations, alone, would not merit even a single representative.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ County Route 537, abbreviated CR 537, is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ The highway extends from Delaware Avenue (CR 737) in Camden to CR 11 in Oceanport.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ It is the state's fourth longest 500 series county route.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ CR 537 begins at an intersection with CR 737 in the downtown area of Camden in Camden County, heading east on four-lane undivided Federal Street.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ West of this intersection, Federal Street continues to the Camden Waterfront on the Delaware River.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ The road runs east passing a few parking lots, turning into a one-way eastbound street at 3rd Street.", "County Route 537 (New Jersey) __knowledge__ CR 537 Spur (Market Street) to the north is one-way westbound, serving as the westbound direction of CR 537 through downtown Camden.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ Pennsylvania locations listed by per capita income This is a list of incorporated areas and census-designated places in Pennsylvania.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ The list is ranked from highest capita income to lowest per capita income.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ There are communities not on the list because they are not incorporated nor a census-designated place.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ If you are unable to find a location, try looking it up under the township in which it is located.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ 101 Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $33,500 102 Newtown Grant, Pennsylvania $33,485 103 Wallace Township, Pennsylvania $33,437 104 East Caln Township, Pennsylvania $33,430 105 O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania $33,356 106 Pennsbury Village, Pennsylvania $33,339 107 Bear Creek Village, Pennsylvania $33,324 108 Upper Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania $33,256 109 West Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania $33,245 110 Maple Glen, Pennsylvania $33,058 111 Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $33,028 112 Lionville-Marchwood, Pennsylvania $33,003 113 Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania $32,946 114 East Washington, Pennsylvania $32,852 115 Flourtown, Pennsylvania $32,848 116 Upper Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania $32,806 117 Yardley, Pennsylvania $32,802 118 Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania $32,737 119 Springfield Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $32,628 120 Kilbuck Township, Pennsylvania $32,582 121 Churchville, Pennsylvania $32,507 122 West Goshen Township, Pennsylvania $32,487 123 Ohio Township, Pennsylvania $32,446 124 Montgomery Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $32,349 125 Wyncote, Pennsylvania $32,340 126 East Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania $32,258 127 Doylestown, Pennsylvania $32,249 128 Village Shires, Pennsylvania $32,198 129 East Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania $32,178 130 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania $32,070 131 Municipality of Murrysville, Pennsylvania $32,017 132 Richboro, Pennsylvania $31,954 133 Harris Township, Pennsylvania $31,904 134 McCandless, Pennsylvania $31,792 135 East Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania $31,774 136 Silver Spring Township, Pennsylvania $31,728 137 Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania $31,424 138 Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $31,365 139 Aspinwall, Pennsylvania $31,344 140 Trappe, Pennsylvania $31,281 141 Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania $31,254 142 Upper Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $31,251 143 Skippack, Pennsylvania $31,185 144 Westmont, Pennsylvania $30,868 145 Evansburg, Pennsylvania $30,830 146 Pottsgrove, Pennsylvania $30,649 147 West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania $30,627 148 Sewickley, Pennsylvania $30,571 149 Paoli, Pennsylvania $30,570 150 Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania $30,559 151 Upper Milford Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $30,454 152 West Bradford Township, Pennsylvania $30,405 153 New Garden Township, Pennsylvania $30,364 154 Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $30,331 155 Lower Saucon Township, Pennsylvania $30,280 156 East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania $30,258 157 Lower Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $30,202 158 Durham Township, Pennsylvania $29,913 159 Jenkintown, Pennsylvania $29,834 160 Haverford Township, Pennsylvania $29,749 161 Salford Township, Pennsylvania $29,740 162 Warwick Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $29,734 163 Laflin, Pennsylvania $29,581 164 New Kingstown, Pennsylvania $29,541 165 Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $29,418 166 Plumstead Township, Pennsylvania $29,411 167 Hanover Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $29,370 168 Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $29,355 169 Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $29,349 170 Seven Fields, Pennsylvania $29,215 171 South Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $29,213 172 Boalsburg, Pennsylvania $29,209 173 Schaefferstown, Pennsylvania $29,176 174 Bedminster Township, Pennsylvania $29,153 175 Fernville, Pennsylvania $29,098 176 Hampton Township, Pennsylvania $29,071 177 Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania $29,052 178 Cumru Township, Pennsylvania $28,996 179 Hampden Township, Pennsylvania $28,977 180 Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania $28,967 181 South Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $28,956 182 New Britain Township, Pennsylvania $28,923 183 Plymouth Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $28,862 184 Old Orchard, Pennsylvania $28,851 185 Upper Macungie Township, Pennsylvania $28,801 186 Spring Garden Township, York County, Pennsylvania $28,784 187 East Norriton Township, Pennsylvania $28,749 188 Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $28,730 189 Guilford, Pennsylvania $28,723 190 Lemoyne, Pennsylvania $28,705 191 Grantley, Pennsylvania $28,703 192 Whitfield, Pennsylvania $28,666 193 Horsham Township, Pennsylvania $28,542 194 Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania $28,504 195 West Norriton Township, Pennsylvania $28,497 196 Marple Township, Pennsylvania $28,494 197 Hershey, Pennsylvania $28,487 198 Lower Salford Township, Pennsylvania $28,408 199 Lowhill Township, Pennsylvania $28,317 200 Leidy Township, Pennsylvania $28,279 201 Glenburn Township, Pennsylvania $28,259 202 Camp Hill, Pennsylvania $28,256 203 Kulpsville, Pennsylvania $28,244 204 East Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania $28,192 205 Media, Pennsylvania $28,188 206 Middle Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $28,146 207 Audubon, Pennsylvania $28,144 208 Salisbury Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $28,073 209 Brittany Farms-Highlands, Pennsylvania $28,067 210 Franklin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $28,057 211 Lower Allen, Pennsylvania $27,956 212 Jefferson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $27,951 213 West Goshen, Pennsylvania $27,912 214 Cornwall, Pennsylvania $27,904 215 Perkiomen Township, Pennsylvania $27,800 216 East Vincent Township, Pennsylvania $27,799 217 Valley View, York County, Pennsylvania $27,794 218 New Morgan, Pennsylvania $27,769 219 Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania $27,757 220 Lower Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $27,700 221 North Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania $27,664 222 London Grove Township, Pennsylvania $27,654 223 Indian Lake, Pennsylvania $27,630 224 Amity Gardens, Pennsylvania $27,614 225 Upper Saucon Township, Pennsylvania $27,606 226 Lower Milford Township, Pennsylvania $27,572 227 Schnecksville, Pennsylvania $27,533 228 South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $27,486 229 Green Tree, Pennsylvania $27,480 230 West Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania $27,436 231 Stonybrook-Wilshire, Pennsylvania $27,418 232 Springfield Township, York County, Pennsylvania $27,410 233 South Abington Township, Pennsylvania $27,382 234 Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $27,349 235 Lavelle-Locustdale, Pennsylvania $27,323 236 Limerick Township, Pennsylvania $27,305 237 Langhorne Manor, Pennsylvania $27,302 238 Nixon, Pennsylvania $27,269 239 Trooper, Pennsylvania $27,268 240 East Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $27,257 241 Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $27,249 242 Eulalia Township, Pennsylvania $27,245 243 Wyalusing, Pennsylvania $27,229 244 Weisenberg Township, Pennsylvania $27,163 245 Elverson, Pennsylvania $27,162 246 Indiana Township, Pennsylvania $27,068 247 Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $27,027 248 Duncan Township, Pennsylvania $27,001 249 Monroe Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $26,978 250 Macungie, Pennsylvania $26,965 251 Leith-Hatfield, Pennsylvania $26,943 252 Conewago Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $26,898 253 Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $26,802 254 Roaring Brook Township, Pennsylvania $26,773 255 Oakmont, Pennsylvania $26,716 256 Upper Salford Township, Pennsylvania $26,672 257 Lower Nazareth Township, Pennsylvania $26,624 258 North Wales, Pennsylvania $26,590 259 Harleysville, Pennsylvania $26,572 260 Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $26,572 261 Warwick Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $26,547 262 Rockland Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,530 263 Ivyland, Pennsylvania $26,525 264 Forest Hills, Pennsylvania $26,505 265 Spring Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,493 266 East Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $26,459 267 Moon Township, Pennsylvania $26,457 268 Lake Heritage, Pennsylvania $26,450 269 Leet Township, Pennsylvania $26,415 270 Ben Avon, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $26,408 271 Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $26,397 272 Glenside, Pennsylvania $26,393 273 Upper Southampton Township, Pennsylvania $26,362 274 Ancient Oaks, Pennsylvania $26,360 275 Conyngham, Pennsylvania $26,352 276 Penn Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $26,346 277 Fairview Township, York County, Pennsylvania $26,343 278 Pine Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $26,319 279 Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania $26,273 280 Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $26,256 281 Chalfont, Pennsylvania $26,248 282 Lower Providence Township, Pennsylvania $26,186 283 Forks Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $26,180 284 Linntown, Pennsylvania $26,149 285 Nockamixon Township, Pennsylvania $26,145 286 North Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $26,139 287 Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $26,116 288 South Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $26,082 289 Union Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,014 290 Mount Gretna Heights, Pennsylvania $25,996 291 Bern Township, Pennsylvania $25,969 292 Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $25,883 293 Bethel Park, Pennsylvania $25,867 294 Reiffton, Pennsylvania $25,866 295 Warrington Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $25,810 296 Hilltown Township, Pennsylvania $25,800 297 Dalton, Pennsylvania $25,760 298 Fernway, Pennsylvania $25,759 299 Franconia Township, Pennsylvania $25,751 300 Ferndale, Pennsylvania $25,750 301 Southmont, Pennsylvania $25,750 302 Palmer Township, Pennsylvania $25,722 303 Brecknock Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $25,712 304 Avonia, Pennsylvania $25,709 305 Spring Mount, Pennsylvania $25,690 306 Upper Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $25,607 307 Tyler Run-Queens Gate, Pennsylvania $25,589 308 Deer Lake, Pennsylvania $25,577 309 Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,576 310 Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $25,555 311 Caln Township $25,494 312 Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania $25,471 313 Haycock Township, Pennsylvania $25,431 314 North Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $25,418 315 Morton, Pennsylvania $25,408 316 Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania $25,382 317 East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $25,376 318 Thorndale, Pennsylvania $25,376 319 North Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $25,334 320 Monaghan Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,317 321 Neshannock Township, Pennsylvania $25,312 322 Willow Street, Pennsylvania $25,292 323 Allison Township, Pennsylvania $25,265 324 Lemont, Pennsylvania $25,253 325 Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $25,213 326 West Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania $25,211 327 Lansdowne, Pennsylvania $25,177 328 York Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,169 329 Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $25,141 330 Jackson Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $25,127 331 Horsham, Pennsylvania $25,116 332 Lower Frederick Township, Pennsylvania $25,113 333 Richland Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $25,085 334 New Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $25,084 335 Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania $25,083 336 Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania $25,080 337 Exeter Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $25,071 338 Hatfield Township, Pennsylvania $25,051 339 Ligonier Township, Pennsylvania $25,049 340 Quentin, Pennsylvania $25,037 341 West Rockhill Township, Pennsylvania $25,026 342 Ontelaunee Township, Pennsylvania $24,996 343 North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $24,983 344 West Cornwall Township, Pennsylvania $24,982 345 Upper Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $24,978 346 Dickinson Township, Pennsylvania $24,977 347 Broomall, Pennsylvania $24,940 348 Riegelsville, Pennsylvania $24,916 349 Lima, Pennsylvania $24,908 350 Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $24,902 351 Clark, Pennsylvania $24,892 352 East York, Pennsylvania $24,883 353 Collier Township, Pennsylvania $24,841 354 Shrewsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,841 355 Glade Township, Pennsylvania $24,839 356 West Middletown, Pennsylvania $24,834 357 New Freedom, Pennsylvania $24,828 358 New London Township, Pennsylvania $24,824 359 Fox Run, Pennsylvania $24,810 360 Scott Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $24,791 361 Willow Grove, Pennsylvania $24,740 362 Lower Allen Township, Pennsylvania $24,735 363 Whitehall, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $24,730 364 West Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania $24,713 365 New Cumberland, Pennsylvania $24,672 366 Milford Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $24,663 367 Maidencreek Township, Pennsylvania $24,662 368 Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $24,652 369 Upper Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $24,611 370 Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,608 371 Elk Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $24,604 372 East Rockhill Township, Pennsylvania $24,594 373 Spry, Pennsylvania $24,564 374 Yatesville, Pennsylvania $24,551 375 Bally, Pennsylvania $24,537 376 Wilkins Township, Pennsylvania $24,515 377 Dallas Township, Pennsylvania $24,501 378 Harmar Township, Pennsylvania $24,486 379 Dallas, Pennsylvania $24,466 380 Scott Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $24,439 381 Park Forest Village, Pennsylvania $24,425 382 Penn Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $24,396 383 South Middleton Township, Pennsylvania $24,370 384 Lower Southampton Township, Pennsylvania $24,367 385 Linglestown, Pennsylvania $24,347 386 Lawnton, Pennsylvania $24,342 387 Frankstown Township, Pennsylvania $24,329 388 Franklin Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,322 389 South Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania $24,296 390 Stormstown, Pennsylvania $24,292 391 Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $24,279 392 Salunga-Landisville, Pennsylvania $24,258 393 Oreland, Pennsylvania $24,256 394 Beurys Lake, Pennsylvania $24,247 395 Washington Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $24,246 396 Cornwells Heights-Eddington, Pennsylvania $24,171 397 College Township, Pennsylvania $24,163 398 Hulmeville, Pennsylvania $24,153 399 Brodheadsville, Pennsylvania $24,140 400 Upper Allen Township, Pennsylvania $24,127 401 Highland Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $24,113 402 Mahoning Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $24,099 403 Robesonia, Pennsylvania $24,093 404 Municipality of Monroeville, Pennsylvania $24,031 405 Halfway House, Pennsylvania $24,023 406 Topton, Pennsylvania $24,009 407 Beaver, Pennsylvania $24,003 408 Eastlawn Gardens, Pennsylvania $23,985 409 Monroe Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $23,963 410 Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania $23,960 411 Palmer Heights, Pennsylvania $23,959 412 Lower Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $23,958 413 Shenandoah Heights, Pennsylvania $23,898 414 Ruscombmanor Township, Pennsylvania $23,889 415 Kingston Township, Pennsylvania $23,885 416 Allen Township, Pennsylvania $23,859 417 Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania $23,857 418 Pike Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $23,857 419 Shanor-Northvue, Pennsylvania $23,852 420 South Strabane Township, Pennsylvania $23,829 421 Silverdale, Pennsylvania $23,814 422 Boothwyn, Pennsylvania $23,811 423 Ridley Park, Pennsylvania $23,806 424 Wright Township, Pennsylvania $23,787 425 Wickerham Manor-Fisher, Pennsylvania $23,781 426 Bridgeton Township, Pennsylvania $23,779 427 Buckingham Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $23,757 428 Riverside, Pennsylvania $23,732 429 Brookhaven, Pennsylvania $23,706 430 East Allen Township, Pennsylvania $23,684 431 Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania $23,666 432 Catawissa Township, Pennsylvania $23,635 433 Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $23,627 434 Shiloh, Pennsylvania $23,625 435 Halfmoon Township, Pennsylvania $23,596 436 Bushkill Township, Pennsylvania $23,569 437 Milford Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $23,559 438 Zelienople, Pennsylvania $23,555 439 Heidelberg Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $23,521 440 Middlesex Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $23,508 441 Heidelberg Township, York County, Pennsylvania $23,506 442 Carroll Township, York County, Pennsylvania $23,481 443 Loyalsock Township, Pennsylvania $23,480 444 Stroud Township, Pennsylvania $23,460 445 North Strabane Township, Pennsylvania $23,457 446 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania $23,442 447 Skyline View, Pennsylvania $23,418 448 Upper Chichester Township, Pennsylvania $23,412 449 Lower Alsace Township, Pennsylvania $23,379 450 Village Green-Green Ridge, Pennsylvania $23,373 451 Lebanon South, Pennsylvania $23,358 452 Strasburg, Pennsylvania $23,346 453 Fairview Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $23,333 454 Greenwich Township, Pennsylvania $23,332 455 Cooke Township, Pennsylvania $23,309 456 East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $23,296 457 Greene Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $23,288 458 Paxtonia, Pennsylvania $23,279 459 Lower Swatara Township, Pennsylvania $23,271 460 South Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $23,266 461 Emmaus, Pennsylvania $23,245 462 Lake Meade, Pennsylvania $23,229 463 Hermitage, Pennsylvania $23,227 464 Jacobus, Pennsylvania $23,224 465 Shaler Township, Pennsylvania $23,223 466 Paxtang, Pennsylvania $23,217 467 Colebrookdale Township, Pennsylvania $23,208 468 Aston Township, Pennsylvania $23,206 469 Rye Township, Pennsylvania $23,203 470 Centre Hall, Pennsylvania $23,195 471 Enon Valley, Pennsylvania $23,161 472 Herndon, Pennsylvania $23,156 473 Jackson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $23,141 474 Folsom, Pennsylvania $23,131 475 Back Mountain, Pennsylvania $23,105 476 South Pottstown, Pennsylvania $23,099 477 Collegeville, Pennsylvania $23,080 478 Starrucca, Pennsylvania $23,071 479 Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania $23,053 480 Jefferson Hills, Pennsylvania $23,006 481 Freedom Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $23,005 482 Cheswick, Pennsylvania $22,982 483 West Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,982 484 Brown Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $22,970 485 Meridian, Pennsylvania $22,962 486 North Middleton Township, Pennsylvania $22,947 487 Lorane, Pennsylvania $22,920 488 Phoenixville, Pennsylvania $22,911 489 Douglass Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,895 490 Tilden Township, Pennsylvania $22,879 491 Hallam, Pennsylvania $22,868 492 Patton Township, Pennsylvania $22,860 493 Greencastle, Pennsylvania $22,844 494 Reed Township, Pennsylvania $22,839 495 Arlington Heights, Pennsylvania $22,831 496 Warwick Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,831 497 Campbelltown, Pennsylvania $22,827 498 Pine Grove Mills, Pennsylvania $22,822 499 Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania $22,812 500 Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania $22,795 501 Liberty Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $22,789 502 Perry Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $22,784 503 Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $22,782 504 East Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania $22,744 505 Ferguson Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $22,724 506 Rutherford, Pennsylvania $22,706 507 Lynn Township, Pennsylvania $22,688 508 Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,652 509 Upper Frederick Township, Pennsylvania $22,640 510 Penn Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,621 511 Orange Township, Pennsylvania $22,608 512 South Waverly, Pennsylvania $22,608 513 Jefferson Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,584 514 Rush Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $22,579 515 Berwick Township, Pennsylvania $22,573 516 Robeson Township, Pennsylvania $22,550 517 Yeadon, Pennsylvania $22,546 518 West Donegal Township, Pennsylvania $22,545 519 Orwigsburg, Pennsylvania $22,538 520 Progress, Pennsylvania $22,533 521 Mechanicsville, Montour County, Pennsylvania $22,528 522 Earl Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,527 523 Howe Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $22,521 524 Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania $22,517 525 East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania $22,517 526 North Towanda Township, Pennsylvania $22,494 527 Mountaintop, Pennsylvania $22,480 528 Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $22,476 529 Barrett Township, Pennsylvania $22,465 530 Economy, Pennsylvania $22,453 531 Sugarloaf Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $22,444 532 Brighton Township, Pennsylvania $22,437 533 Colonial Park, Pennsylvania $22,436 534 Upper Augusta Township, Pennsylvania $22,433 535 Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,425 536 Mount Joy Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,380 537 Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $22,376 538 Bareville, Pennsylvania $22,369 539 Leacock-Leola-Bareville, Pennsylvania $22,369 540 Leola, Pennsylvania $22,369 541 Hellam Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,345 542 Cecil Township, Pennsylvania $22,340 543 Marklesburg, Pennsylvania $22,329 544 Millcreek Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $22,329 545 Saxton, Pennsylvania $22,326 546 Pequea Township, Pennsylvania $22,323 547 Shillington, Pennsylvania $22,322 548 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania $22,292 549 Heidelberg Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,291 550 Millerstown, Pennsylvania $22,289 551 Warminster Township, Pennsylvania $22,285 552 Middletown, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $22,282 553 North Cornwall Township, Pennsylvania $22,244 554 Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,243 555 Twilight, Pennsylvania $22,236 556 Imperial-Enlow, Pennsylvania $22,226 557 Washington Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $22,219 558 Deerfield Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $22,217 559 Tullytown, Pennsylvania $22,206 560 Sandycreek Township, Pennsylvania $22,165 561 Fullerton, Pennsylvania $22,164 562 Feasterville-Trevose, Pennsylvania $22,161 563 Mercer, Pennsylvania $22,161 564 Hamilton Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $22,153 565 Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania $22,148 566 Clifton Township, Pennsylvania $22,142 567 Porter Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $22,139 568 Aldan, Pennsylvania $22,134 569 Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania $22,133 570 Conshohocken, Pennsylvania $22,128 571 East Hanover Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $22,108 572 Oak Hills, Pennsylvania $22,106 573 Lansdale, Pennsylvania $22,096 574 Stewartstown, Pennsylvania $22,095 575 St. Lawrence, Pennsylvania $22,088 576 Schlusser, Pennsylvania $22,084 577 Telford Township, Pennsylvania $22,075 578 Telford, Pennsylvania $22,075 579 Rice Township, Pennsylvania $22,069 580 Hunker, Pennsylvania $22,045 581 South Annville Township, Pennsylvania $22,040 582 Mill Creek Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $22,034 583 Sylvania Township, Pennsylvania $22,029 584 Mountville, Pennsylvania $22,010 585 Thornbury Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $21,987 586 Perkasie, Pennsylvania $21,986 587 Patterson Township, Pennsylvania $21,982 588 East Petersburg, Pennsylvania $21,979 589 Conestoga Township, Pennsylvania $21,939 590 Saxonburg, Pennsylvania $21,931 591 Hatboro, Pennsylvania $21,911 592 Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania $21,890 593 New Centerville, Pennsylvania $21,873 594 Wernersville, Pennsylvania $21,858 595 Kenilworth, Pennsylvania $21,849 596 Lancaster Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,845 597 Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $21,839 598 Highland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $21,834 599 Moore Township, Pennsylvania $21,829 600 Shiremanstown, Pennsylvania $21,812 601 Vernon Township, Pennsylvania $21,808 602 Rutledge, Pennsylvania $21,800 603 Center Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,790 604 Dublin, Pennsylvania $21,778 605 Londonderry Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $21,773 606 Blair Township, Pennsylvania $21,764 607 Tatamy, Pennsylvania $21,759 608 Souderton, Pennsylvania $21,758 609 North Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania $21,756 610 Mount Penn, Pennsylvania $21,738 611 Moscow, Pennsylvania $21,725 612 Roaring Creek Township, Pennsylvania $21,725 613 West Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $21,723 614 Harmony, Pennsylvania $21,693 615 Coopersburg, Pennsylvania $21,689 616 Ambler, Pennsylvania $21,688 617 Bethany, Pennsylvania $21,683 618 Penn Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $21,681 619 Lewis Run, Pennsylvania $21,670 620 West Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,670 621 District Township, Pennsylvania $21,663 622 Hereford Township, Pennsylvania $21,661 623 Eagleville, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $21,642 624 Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania $21,641 625 Downingtown, Pennsylvania $21,634 626 Gilbertsville, Pennsylvania $21,633 627 Muhlenberg Township, Pennsylvania $21,624 628 Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,611 629 Fleetwood, Pennsylvania $21,600 630 Springdale Township, Pennsylvania $21,598 631 Union Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $21,597 632 Longswamp Township, Pennsylvania $21,592 633 Oley Township, Pennsylvania $21,565 634 Laurel Mountain, Pennsylvania $21,564 635 Woodward Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $21,554 636 Ramblewood, Pennsylvania $21,551 637 Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,551 638 East Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,540 639 South Park Township, Pennsylvania $21,538 640 Dingman Township, Pennsylvania $21,519 641 Albany Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $21,509 642 Langhorne, Pennsylvania $21,479 643 Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $21,472 644 Benton Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $21,463 645 Valley Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $21,458 646 West Earl Township, Pennsylvania $21,457 647 Pocono Township, Pennsylvania $21,452 648 Crafton, Pennsylvania $21,441 649 Treasure Lake, Pennsylvania $21,438 650 Ridley Township, Pennsylvania $21,437 651 Buffalo Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $21,434 652 White Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $21,432 653 Findlay Township, Pennsylvania $21,417 654 West Reading, Pennsylvania $21,414 655 Paradise Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $21,408 656 Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $21,404 657 Lehigh Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $21,400 658 Carlisle, Pennsylvania $21,394 659 Hummelstown, Pennsylvania $21,394 660 Oakdale, Pennsylvania $21,392 661 Mount Joy, Pennsylvania $21,391 662 East Cocalico Township, Pennsylvania $21,387 663 Conneaut Lakeshore, Pennsylvania $21,386 664 Alsace Township, Pennsylvania $21,385 665 Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $21,383 666 Kenhorst, Pennsylvania $21,379 667 Dennison Township, Pennsylvania $21,373 668 Warrington Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,368 669 West Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania $21,348 670 Potter Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $21,320 671 Tipton, Pennsylvania $21,320 672 Royersford, Pennsylvania $21,314 673 Upper Nazareth Township, Pennsylvania $21,300 674 Nazareth, Pennsylvania $21,292 675 Carroll Valley, Pennsylvania $21,286 676 Manheim, Pennsylvania $21,276 677 Mohnton, Pennsylvania $21,268 678 Orrtanna, Pennsylvania $21,257 679 Caernarvon Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $21,250 680 Patterson Heights, Pennsylvania $21,244 681 Wind Gap, Pennsylvania $21,239 682 Rockledge, Pennsylvania $21,232 683 Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,218 684 Washingtonville, Pennsylvania $21,206 685 Newton Township, Pennsylvania $21,199 686 Burnside Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $21,195 687 Boyertown, Pennsylvania $21,194 688 Jackson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $21,181 689 Mount Joy Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $21,181 690 Moosic, Pennsylvania $21,178 691 Summit Hill, Pennsylvania $21,166 692 Center Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $21,143 693 Reamstown, Pennsylvania $21,143 694 West Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania $21,141 695 Northwest Harborcreek, Pennsylvania $21,135 696 Hatfield, Pennsylvania $21,133 697 Hemlock Township, Pennsylvania $21,125 698 Green Lane, Pennsylvania $21,123 699 Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $21,122 700 Carnegie, Pennsylvania $21,119 701 Unity Township, Pennsylvania $21,116 702 Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania $21,116 703 Sadsbury Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $21,114 704 Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania $21,111 705 Cleona, Pennsylvania $21,090 706 Delmont, Pennsylvania $21,090 707 Silver Lake Township, Pennsylvania $21,090 708 Lower Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania $21,088 709 Valley Green, Pennsylvania $21,087 710 Wayne Heights, Pennsylvania $21,086 711 New Castle Northwest, Pennsylvania $21,085 712 Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $21,065 713 Heidelberg Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $21,064 714 Rush Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $21,055 715 West View, Pennsylvania $21,025 716 Butler Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $21,020 717 Franklin Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $21,014 718 Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania $21,011 719 Milford, Pennsylvania $21,011 720 Geistown, Pennsylvania $21,002 721 North Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,993 722 Stockertown, Pennsylvania $20,984 723 Zion, Pennsylvania $20,976 724 Herrick Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $20,974 725 West Wyomissing, Pennsylvania $20,969 726 Long Branch, Pennsylvania $20,936 727 Paint Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $20,936 728 Spring City, Pennsylvania $20,931 729 Centerport, Pennsylvania $20,927 730 Blooming Grove Township, Pennsylvania $20,920 731 Baldwin Township, Pennsylvania $20,918 732 Allegheny Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $20,910 733 Elizabeth Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $20,904 734 Upper Leacock Township, Pennsylvania $20,902 735 Woodlyn, Pennsylvania $20,899 736 Elysburg, Pennsylvania $20,897 737 Birdsboro, Pennsylvania $20,890 738 New Britain, Pennsylvania $20,877 739 Athens, Pennsylvania $20,874 740 Westfall Township, Pennsylvania $20,866 741 Plum, Pennsylvania $20,863 742 Liberty Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $20,861 743 Mount Cobb, Pennsylvania $20,855 744 Adamstown, Pennsylvania $20,840 745 Shohola Township, Pennsylvania $20,840 746 Sanatoga, Pennsylvania $20,816 747 Marion Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,808 748 Hopewell Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,802 749 Buffalo Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $20,798 750 North Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $20,786 751 Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania $20,778 752 White Oak, Pennsylvania $20,775 753 Madison, Pennsylvania $20,773 754 Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania $20,770 755 West Caln Township, Pennsylvania $20,752 756 Thornhurst Township, Pennsylvania $20,751 757 Toughkenamon, Pennsylvania $20,745 758 Mount Pleasant Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $20,731 759 Pleasant Township, Pennsylvania $20,731 760 Tobyhanna Township, Pennsylvania $20,726 761 Centre Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,718 762 Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania $20,707 763 Homeacre-Lyndora, Pennsylvania $20,705 764 Gastonville, Pennsylvania $20,696 765 Hamburg, Pennsylvania $20,689 766 Russellton, Pennsylvania $20,682 767 Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $20,673 768 Newberry Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,660 769 North Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $20,654 770 Valley Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $20,648 771 Plainfield Township, Pennsylvania $20,639 772 South Pymatuning Township, Pennsylvania $20,637 773 Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania $20,634 774 Red Hill, Pennsylvania $20,633 775 Muncy Township, Pennsylvania $20,621 776 Sadsbury Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $20,615 777 Warren South, Pennsylvania $20,614 778 Alburtis, Pennsylvania $20,611 779 Lititz, Pennsylvania $20,601 780 Forestville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $20,599 781 North Annville Township, Pennsylvania $20,593 782 Elk Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $20,592 783 Mountainhome, Pennsylvania $20,580 784 Kingston, Pennsylvania $20,568 785 Plunketts Creek Township, Pennsylvania $20,563 786 Quakertown, Pennsylvania $20,562 787 East Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,559 788 Forty Fort, Pennsylvania $20,558 789 East Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania $20,555 790 Washington Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,550 791 Ligonier, Pennsylvania $20,546 792 Jerseytown, Pennsylvania $20,538 793 Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania $20,534 794 Laureldale, Pennsylvania $20,522 795 Dormont, Pennsylvania $20,520 796 Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania $20,518 797 Hanover, Pennsylvania $20,516 798 Dover Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,513 799 Norwood, Pennsylvania $20,513 800 Palmyra, Pennsylvania $20,500 801 Upper Bern Township, Pennsylvania $20,499 802 East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania $20,488 803 Lyons, Pennsylvania $20,459 804 Susquehanna Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $20,456 805 Rostraver Township, Pennsylvania $20,455 806 Washington Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,454 807 Pine Creek Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $20,451 808 Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,451 809 Ralpho Township, Pennsylvania $20,449 810 Speers, Pennsylvania $20,446 811 Swatara Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $20,440 812 McGovern, Pennsylvania $20,437 813 Penn Lake Park, Pennsylvania $20,437 814 Seltzer, Pennsylvania $20,422 815 Sandy Township, Pennsylvania $20,420 816 Rapho Township, Pennsylvania $20,412 817 Rupert, Pennsylvania $20,412 818 Ryan Township, Pennsylvania $20,403 819 North Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $20,399 820 Bradford Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $20,397 821 Carroll Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $20,380 822 West Pittston, Pennsylvania $20,370 823 West Deer Township, Pennsylvania $20,358 824 West Lawn, Pennsylvania $20,357 825 Ringtown, Pennsylvania $20,345 826 Perry Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,343 827 Baidland, Pennsylvania $20,338 828 Lehman Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $20,312 829 West Cocalico Township, Pennsylvania $20,306 830 Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania $20,292 831 Corydon Township, Pennsylvania $20,283 832 Fawn Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,271 833 Hanover Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $20,265 834 Lenape Heights, Pennsylvania $20,261 835 Guilford Township, Pennsylvania $20,258 836 Greene Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $20,253 837 Dunnstown, Pennsylvania $20,251 838 Point Township, Pennsylvania $20,251 839 Hughestown, Pennsylvania $20,246 840 East Butler, Pennsylvania $20,242 841 Scott Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $20,242 842 Middle Smithfield Township, Pennsylvania $20,235 843 Richmond Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,235 844 Latimore Township, Pennsylvania $20,230 845 Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,224 846 West Leechburg, Pennsylvania $20,192 847 New Holland, Pennsylvania $20,187 848 Glenolden, Pennsylvania $20,173 849 Export, Pennsylvania $20,170 850 Hempfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $20,169 851 Penn Hills Township, Pennsylvania $20,161 852 McSherrystown, Pennsylvania $20,158 853 Conoy Township, Pennsylvania $20,157 854 Martic Township, Pennsylvania $20,151 855 Leesport, Pennsylvania $20,148 856 Somerset Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $20,146 857 Pine Grove Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $20,144 858 Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania $20,143 859 Hopewell Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $20,124 860 Spring Grove, Pennsylvania $20,124 861 Hellertown, Pennsylvania $20,119 862 Palmyra Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $20,110 863 Fawn Grove, Pennsylvania $20,105 864 Hebron Township, Pennsylvania $20,101 865 Polk Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $20,090 866 Hasson Heights, Pennsylvania $20,088 867 Grugan Township, Pennsylvania $20,086 868 Cross Roads, Pennsylvania $20,063 869 Franklin Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,062 870 East Bangor, Pennsylvania $20,056 871 Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,055 872 Wilkes-Barre Township, Pennsylvania $20,055 873 Upper Yoder Township, Pennsylvania $20,053 874 Levittown, Pennsylvania $20,047 875 Washington Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,046 876 Hepburn Township, Pennsylvania $20,044 877 Houserville, Pennsylvania $20,035 878 Harborcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $20,025 879 Brentwood, Pennsylvania $20,024 880 Chestnuthill Township, Pennsylvania $20,017 881 North Centre Township, Pennsylvania $20,010 882 Kratzerville, Pennsylvania $20,008 883 Ross Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $20,002 884 Liberty Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $19,986 885 Akron, Pennsylvania $19,983 886 Washington Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $19,980 887 Sellersville, Pennsylvania $19,970 888 West Grove, Pennsylvania $19,967 889 Woodbury, Pennsylvania $19,965 890 Codorus Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,955 891 Newburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $19,950 892 Winterstown, Pennsylvania $19,934 893 Lehman Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $19,933 894 West Abington Township, Pennsylvania $19,931 895 Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania $19,923 896 Baldwin, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,918 897 North Codorus Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,912 898 Whitaker, Pennsylvania $19,910 899 South Union Township, Pennsylvania $19,905 900 South Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $19,903 901 Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $19,896 902 Lake Wynonah, Pennsylvania $19,886 903 St. Marys, Pennsylvania $19,885 904 Stillwater, Pennsylvania $19,879 905 Clinton Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $19,874 906 Forward Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,860 907 Blawnox, Pennsylvania $19,858 908 West Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $19,853 909 Dunmore, Pennsylvania $19,851 910 West Sadsbury Township, Pennsylvania $19,839 911 Georgetown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $19,838 912 Penn Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,833 913 Hometown, Pennsylvania $19,831 914 East Berlin, Pennsylvania $19,818 915 Callimont, Pennsylvania $19,813 916 Fairfield Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,807 917 Washington Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $19,804 918 Dillsburg, Pennsylvania $19,801 919 Prospect Park, Pennsylvania $19,801 920 Springdale, Pennsylvania $19,798 921 Walker Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $19,785 922 Summit Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $19,782 923 Hokendauqua, Pennsylvania $19,771 924 Ridgway Township, Pennsylvania $19,763 925 Mount Wolf, Pennsylvania $19,760 926 Croydon, Pennsylvania $19,751 927 Halifax Township, Pennsylvania $19,749 928 Emigsville, Pennsylvania $19,740 929 East Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania $19,737 930 Strausstown, Pennsylvania $19,733 931 Turbot Township, Pennsylvania $19,732 932 Oneida Township, Pennsylvania $19,729 933 Butler Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,723 934 Hanover Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,722 935 Franklin Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $19,712 936 Plains Township, Pennsylvania $19,712 937 East Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $19,710 938 Denver, Pennsylvania $19,706 939 Wysox Township, Pennsylvania $19,706 940 Bridgewater, Pennsylvania $19,695 941 Ross Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $19,694 942 Jenkins Township, Pennsylvania $19,693 943 North Manheim Township, Pennsylvania $19,683 944 Schwenksville, Pennsylvania $19,679 945 Montrose, Pennsylvania $19,662 946 Young Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $19,661 947 Ephrata, Pennsylvania $19,659 948 Hamilton Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $19,659 949 Montoursville, Pennsylvania $19,648 950 Spring Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,644 951 Cecil-Bishop, Pennsylvania $19,639 952 South Manheim Township, Pennsylvania $19,638 953 Ebensburg, Pennsylvania $19,634 954 Neville Township, Pennsylvania $19,630 955 Towamensing Township, Pennsylvania $19,629 956 Bechtelsville, Pennsylvania $19,627 957 Homer Township, Pennsylvania $19,625 958 Spring Brook Township, Pennsylvania $19,622 959 Meadowood, Pennsylvania $19,616 960 Jefferson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,609 961 Trafford, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $19,608 962 Marysville, Pennsylvania $19,604 963 Ephrata Township, Pennsylvania $19,588 964 Richland Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $19,582 965 Woodcock, Pennsylvania $19,577 966 Union Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,560 967 East Lansdowne, Pennsylvania $19,558 968 Pine Grove, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,547 969 Jennerstown, Pennsylvania $19,540 970 Fayetteville, Pennsylvania $19,537 971 East Berwick, Pennsylvania $19,531 972 Rheems, Pennsylvania $19,530 973 Straban Township, Pennsylvania $19,530 974 Dorrance Township, Pennsylvania $19,519 975 Northampton, Pennsylvania $19,516 976 Millheim, Pennsylvania $19,511 977 Union Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $19,506 978 Connoquenessing Township, Pennsylvania $19,502 979 Bridgeville, Pennsylvania $19,500 980 Cambridge Township, Pennsylvania $19,500 981 Mount Pleasant Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $19,494 982 Liberty, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,491 983 Dunlevy, Pennsylvania $19,487 984 Trafford, Pennsylvania $19,487 985 Crescent Township, Pennsylvania $19,472 986 Emsworth, Pennsylvania $19,471 987 Stockdale, Pennsylvania $19,470 988 Cascade Township, Pennsylvania $19,465 989 Jackson Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,464 990 Penn Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,457 991 Monroe Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $19,455 992 Parkside, Pennsylvania $19,448 993 Weissport East, Pennsylvania $19,432 994 Bear Creek Township, Pennsylvania $19,427 995 Eldred Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,426 996 North Catasauqua, Pennsylvania $19,424 997 Highland Park, Pennsylvania $19,422 998 Bridgeport, Pennsylvania $19,420 999 Wilburton Number Two, Pennsylvania $19,414 1000 Watson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,406 1001 Portage Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $19,404 1002 Paradise Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,389 1003 Sand Hill, Pennsylvania $19,386 1004 Dunnstable Township, Pennsylvania $19,382 1005 West Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania $19,382 1006 Marion Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $19,373 1007 Richland, Pennsylvania $19,365 1008 Raccoon Township, Pennsylvania $19,363 1009 Palmyra Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $19,359 1010 New Stanton, Pennsylvania $19,358 1011 Main Township, Pennsylvania $19,357 1012 Archbald, Pennsylvania $19,352 1013 Hamiltonban Township, Pennsylvania $19,344 1014 Wayne Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,335 1015 Slocum Township, Pennsylvania $19,326 1016 Felton, Pennsylvania $19,322 1017 Richlandtown, Pennsylvania $19,322 1018 Carroll Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,312 1019 Carbondale Township, Pennsylvania $19,301 1020 Warren Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $19,296 1021 Franklin Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $19,295 1022 Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $19,279 1023 Wayne Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $19,279 1024 Chambersburg, Pennsylvania $19,278 1025 McHenry Township, Pennsylvania $19,269 1026 Marietta, Pennsylvania $19,265 1027 Windsor Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $19,259 1028 Bellevue, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,246 1029 Price Township, Pennsylvania $19,244 1030 West Mead Township, Pennsylvania $19,241 1031 Old Lycoming Township, Pennsylvania $19,236 1032 Bentleyville, Pennsylvania $19,235 1033 Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania $19,229 1034 Old Forge, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,228 1035 Dauphin, Pennsylvania $19,227 1036 Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania $19,218 1037 Millersburg, Pennsylvania $19,217 1038 Swissvale, Pennsylvania $19,216 1039 Ransom Township, Pennsylvania $19,207 1040 Honey Brook, Pennsylvania $19,205 1041 Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $19,203 1042 Lower Yoder Township, Pennsylvania $19,196 1043 Madison Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $19,196 1044 Leetsdale, Pennsylvania $19,172 1045 Franklin Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $19,166 1046 Goldsboro, Pennsylvania $19,164 1047 Belfast, Pennsylvania $19,155 1048 Sandy Lake Township, Pennsylvania $19,140 1049 Covington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,132 1050 Lawrence Park, Pennsylvania $19,131 1051 Walker Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $19,130 1052 Terre Hill, Pennsylvania $19,128 1053 Marlin, Pennsylvania $19,122 1054 Lackawaxen Township, Pennsylvania $19,119 1055 Dover, Pennsylvania $19,108 1056 Espy, Pennsylvania $19,108 1057 Pringle, Pennsylvania $19,108 1058 Preston Township, Pennsylvania $19,106 1059 Cashtown-McKnightstown, Pennsylvania $19,105 1060 Quarryville, Pennsylvania $19,105 1061 Mifflinville, Pennsylvania $19,091 1062 Bristol Township, Pennsylvania $19,090 1063 Vanport Township, Pennsylvania $19,088 1064 Parkesburg, Pennsylvania $19,080 1065 Elizabeth Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $19,078 1066 Pottstown, Pennsylvania $19,078 1067 Glen Rock, Pennsylvania $19,076 1068 West Chester, Pennsylvania $19,073 1069 Lightstreet, Pennsylvania $19,071 1070 Jefferson, York County, Pennsylvania $19,070 1071 Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania $19,068 1072 Shenango Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $19,068 1073 East Greenville, Pennsylvania $19,066 1074 Middlecreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $19,066 1075 East Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania $19,063 1076 Centre Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,057 1077 Brickerville, Pennsylvania $19,052 1078 Weigelstown, Pennsylvania $19,048 1079 Honey Brook Township, Pennsylvania $19,046 1080 Brackenridge, Pennsylvania $19,040 1081 Friedensburg, Pennsylvania $19,039 1082 Bernville, Pennsylvania $19,038 1083 Overfield Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $19,034 1084 Lawson Heights, Pennsylvania $19,027 1085 Jefferson Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,021 1086 Wayne Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $19,011 1087 Clay Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $19,009 1088 Rockefeller Township, Pennsylvania $19,004 1089 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $18,987 1090 Watts Township, Pennsylvania $18,981 1091 Pennsburg, Pennsylvania $18,977 1092 South Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $18,975 1093 Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania $18,965 1094 Cochranton, Pennsylvania $18,960 1095 Millville, Pennsylvania $18,958 1096 Sturgeon-Noblestown, Pennsylvania $18,948 1097 Matamoras, Pennsylvania $18,946 1098 Frazer Township, Pennsylvania $18,937 1099 Salem Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,937 1100 Athens Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $18,936 1101 Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,936 1102 Mercersburg, Pennsylvania $18,934 1103 Evans City, Pennsylvania $18,931 1104 Cussewago Township, Pennsylvania $18,918 1105 Chevy Chase Heights, Pennsylvania $18,915 1106 South Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $18,913 1107 Catasauqua, Pennsylvania $18,906 1108 Spring Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $18,896 1109 Pleasant Valley Township, Pennsylvania $18,894 1110 Lower Frankford Township, Pennsylvania $18,891 1111 Fountain Springs, Pennsylvania $18,890 1112 Limestone Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $18,887 1113 Franklintown, Pennsylvania $18,882 1114 North Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $18,869 1115 Gamble Township, Pennsylvania $18,867 1116 Juniata Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,859 1117 Penn Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $18,851 1118 Jefferson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $18,830 1119 Waller, Pennsylvania $18,827 1120 Conewango Township, Pennsylvania $18,823 1121 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $18,816 1122 Parkville, Pennsylvania $18,815 1123 Cooper Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $18,813 1124 Scott Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,806 1125 Elderton, Pennsylvania $18,805 1126 Kutztown, Pennsylvania $18,803 1127 New Salem, Pennsylvania $18,802 1128 Mount Pleasant Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $18,800 1129 Luzerne Township, Pennsylvania $18,797 1130 Hamilton Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $18,796 1131 Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $18,791 1132 Manor Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $18,789 1133 Highspire, Pennsylvania $18,781 1134 Sweden Township, Pennsylvania $18,780 1135 White Haven, Pennsylvania $18,768 1136 Greenwood Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,765 1137 Buffalo Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $18,764 1138 Christiana, Pennsylvania $18,764 1139 Concord Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $18,762 1140 Laporte, Pennsylvania $18,762 1131 Oneida, Pennsylvania $18,756 1142 Vandling, Pennsylvania $18,748 1143 North Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $18,731 1144 Seneca, Pennsylvania $18,726 1145 Bath, Pennsylvania $18,724 1146 Irwin, Pennsylvania $18,722 1147 Kidder Township, Pennsylvania $18,719 1148 Penn Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $18,719 1149 Heidelberg, Pennsylvania $18,713 1150 Avonmore, Pennsylvania $18,712 1151 Wrightsville, Pennsylvania $18,711 1152 West Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $18,709 1153 Little Meadows, Pennsylvania $18,703 1154 Manchester, Pennsylvania $18,700 1155 Paradise, Pennsylvania $18,700 1156 Conway, Pennsylvania $18,699 1157 Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $18,699 1158 Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania $18,699 1159 Upper Tulpehocken Township, Pennsylvania $18,699 1160 Greene Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,694 1161 Salix-Beauty Line Park, Pennsylvania $18,684 1162 Bedford Township, Pennsylvania $18,676 1163 Branch Township, Pennsylvania $18,670 1164 Montour Township, Pennsylvania $18,670 1165 Ingram, Pennsylvania $18,668 1166 Harmony Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $18,663 1167 Reinerton-Orwin-Muir, Pennsylvania $18,663 1168 Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $18,661 1169 Pittston Township, Pennsylvania $18,660 1170 Bellefonte, Pennsylvania $18,659 1171 South Williamsport, Pennsylvania $18,658 1172 North Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $18,654 1173 Venango Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,653 1174 Shrewsbury Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $18,640 1175 Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,639 1176 Gallagher Township, Pennsylvania $18,638 1177 Jackson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $18,633 1178 Summit Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $18,628 1179 Cummings Township, Pennsylvania $18,626 1180 Wilson, Pennsylvania $18,625 1181 Crabtree, Pennsylvania $18,613 1182 Walker Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $18,608 1183 Lower Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania $18,602 1184 Avalon, Pennsylvania $18,594 1185 Dublin Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $18,592 1186 Newell, Pennsylvania $18,592 1187 Antrim Township, Pennsylvania $18,590 1188 Frackville, Pennsylvania $18,587 1189 Coplay, Pennsylvania $18,580 1190 Brecknock Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $18,578 1191 Heckscherville, Pennsylvania $18,577 1192 West Penn Township, Pennsylvania $18,577 1193 Elk Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $18,576 1194 Wolf Township, Pennsylvania $18,571 1195 Elkland Township, Pennsylvania $18,568 1196 Fawn Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $18,566 1197 Fallowfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,565 1198 West Providence Township, Pennsylvania $18,564 1199 Little Britain Township, Pennsylvania $18,563 1200 Strasburg Township, Pennsylvania $18,556 1201 Howard, Pennsylvania $18,549 1202 Sayre, Pennsylvania $18,549 1203 Cook Township, Pennsylvania $18,547 1204 Braddock Hills, Pennsylvania $18,545 1205 Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $18,535 1206 Rothsville, Pennsylvania $18,535 1207 Cornplanter Township, Pennsylvania $18,532 1208 Rochester Township, Pennsylvania $18,528 1209 Greenfield Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $18,517 1210 Stowe, Pennsylvania $18,515 1211 Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $18,510 1212 Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania $18,508 1213 Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania $18,503 1214 Friendsville, Pennsylvania $18,502 1215 Kelly Township, Pennsylvania $18,499 1216 Gibson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $18,493 1217 Union Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,488 1218 Vinco, Pennsylvania $18,488 1219 Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania $18,486 1220 White Deer Township, Pennsylvania $18,486 1221 Jones Township, Pennsylvania $18,479 1222 Hillsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $18,471 1223 Union Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $18,468 1224 Eaton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,464 1225 Lenox Township, Pennsylvania $18,459 1226 McKean Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,457 1227 Mayberry Township, Pennsylvania $18,451 1228 Damascus Township, Pennsylvania $18,449 1229 Lincoln, Pennsylvania $18,447 1230 Logan Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,439 1231 Brookville, Pennsylvania $18,437 1232 Bell Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1233 Conewago Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1234 Worth Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1235 East Chillisquaque Township, Pennsylvania $18,431 1236 Millcreek Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $18,428 1237 West Hemlock Township, Pennsylvania $18,428 1238 Wyoming, Pennsylvania $18,428 1239 Armstrong Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $18,423 1240 Spring Creek Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $18,422 1241 Buffalo Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $18,418 1242 West Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $18,413 1243 Delaware Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,410 1244 Turbotville, Pennsylvania $18,401 1245 Allegany Township, Pennsylvania $18,391 1246 Finleyville, Pennsylvania $18,387 1247 Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania $18,384 1248 Tunkhannock Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,384 1249 Richland Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $18,383 1250 Porter Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $18,373 1251 Warriors Mark Township, Pennsylvania $18,362 1252 Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania $18,355 1253 Elim, Pennsylvania $18,345 1254 Upper Burrell Township, Pennsylvania $18,344 1255 Industry, Pennsylvania $18,337 1256 Jackson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,326 1257 Union Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,323 1258 Wilmington Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,323 1259 Letterkenny Township, Pennsylvania $18,315 1260 Greensburg, Pennsylvania $18,312 1261 Somerset, Pennsylvania $18,310 1262 Armagh, Pennsylvania $18,309 1263 Reading Township, Pennsylvania $18,305 1264 Brockway, Pennsylvania $18,303 1265 Oliver Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,295 1266 Amwell Township, Pennsylvania $18,285 1267 Cressona, Pennsylvania $18,285 1268 Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,284 1269 Newmanstown, Pennsylvania $18,284 1270 Benezette Township, Pennsylvania $18,282 1271 Southwest Greensburg, Pennsylvania $18,281 1272 Penbrook, Pennsylvania $18,274 1273 Warren, Pennsylvania $18,272 1274 Canadohta Lake, Pennsylvania $18,263 1275 Almedia, Pennsylvania $18,262 1276 Liverpool Township, Pennsylvania $18,261 1277 Taylor Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,260 1278 Shamokin Township, Pennsylvania $18,258 1279 Arendtsville, Pennsylvania $18,256 1280 Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $18,254 1271 Pennville, Pennsylvania $18,252 1282 Paupack Township, Pennsylvania $18,251 1283 Dallastown, Pennsylvania $18,249 1284 Monroe, Pennsylvania $18,242 1285 Derry Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $18,234 1286 Northumberland, Pennsylvania $18,229 1287 Pine Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $18,216 1288 Coudersport, Pennsylvania $18,209 1289 Latrobe, Pennsylvania $18,208 1290 Cherry Ridge Township, Pennsylvania $18,204 1281 Jonestown, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $18,193 1292 Upper Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,193 1293 Horton Township, Pennsylvania $18,189 1294 Springetts Manor-Yorklyn, Pennsylvania $18,189 1295 Maytown, Pennsylvania $18,181 1296 Monroe Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,177 1297 Greensboro, Pennsylvania $18,176 1298 Catharine Township, Pennsylvania $18,175 1299 Darlington Township, Pennsylvania $18,173 1300 Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $18,166 1301 Pottsville, Pennsylvania $18,165 1302 Snyder Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $18,163 1303 Colerain Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $18,149 1304 Spruce Creek Township, Pennsylvania $18,148 1305 New Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $18,147 1306 Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania $18,145 1307 Biglerville, Pennsylvania $18,142 1308 West Mifflin, Pennsylvania $18,140 1309 Bridgewater Township, Pennsylvania $18,139 1310 Hazle Township, Pennsylvania $18,139 1311 East Mead Township, Pennsylvania $18,138 1312 Exeter Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,134 1313 West Hills, Pennsylvania $18,132 1314 Bell Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $18,130 1315 Bethel Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $18,122 1316 Fishing Creek Township, Pennsylvania $18,121 1317 Manor, Pennsylvania $18,118 1318 Nippenose Township, Pennsylvania $18,118 1319 Limestone Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $18,117 1320 Bethel Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $18,116 1321 Chartiers Township, Pennsylvania $18,116 1322 Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $18,114 1323 Salem Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,114 1324 West Kittanning, Pennsylvania $18,112 1325 Slickville, Pennsylvania $18,111 1326 South Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $18,106 1327 East Union Township, Pennsylvania $18,104 1328 Loganville, Pennsylvania $18,101 1329 Wellsboro, Pennsylvania $18,096 1330 Townville, Pennsylvania $18,095 1321 Walnutport, Pennsylvania $18,095 1332 Woodcock Township, Pennsylvania $18,093 1333 Eldred Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $18,079 1334 Hanover Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $18,079 1335 Elizabethville, Pennsylvania $18,077 1336 Perry Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,066 1337 New Oxford, Pennsylvania $18,065 1338 Gap, Pennsylvania $18,052 1339 Munhall, Pennsylvania $18,052 1340 Knox, Pennsylvania $18,043 1341 McChesneytown-Loyalhanna, Pennsylvania $18,041 1342 Royalton, Pennsylvania $18,029 1343 Bedford, Pennsylvania $18,028 1344 Fredericksburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $18,021 1345 Pine Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,015 1346 Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $18,011 1347 Ogle Township, Pennsylvania $18,005 1348 Houston, Pennsylvania $18,001 1349 Worth Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,999 1350 Fairview, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,997 1351 Scottdale, Pennsylvania $17,994 1352 Taylor Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,994 1353 Glasgow, Pennsylvania $17,989 1354 Freemansburg, Pennsylvania $17,983 1355 Blakely, Pennsylvania $17,979 1356 Sharpsville, Pennsylvania $17,979 1357 Norristown, Pennsylvania $17,977 1358 West Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $17,975 1359 Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania $17,972 1360 Birmingham, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,964 1361 Belmont, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $17,958 1362 Forkston Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,956 1363 Sadsbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,956 1364 Antis Township, Pennsylvania $17,950 1365 Windham Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,948 1366 Independence Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $17,946 1367 Garden View, Pennsylvania $17,945 1368 Upper Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $17,945 1369 Clara Township, Pennsylvania $17,929 1370 Midway, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,928 1371 Newville, Pennsylvania $17,922 1372 Nescopeck Township, Pennsylvania $17,918 1373 Clinton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,914 1374 Providence Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,912 1375 South Greensburg, Pennsylvania $17,910 1376 West Township, Pennsylvania $17,910 1377 McDonald, Pennsylvania $17,907 1378 West Easton, Pennsylvania $17,901 1379 New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania $17,899 1380 Franklin Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,898 1381 Penndel, Pennsylvania $17,897 1382 Avoca, Pennsylvania $17,896 1383 Donora, Pennsylvania $17,893 1384 New Alexandria, Pennsylvania $17,893 1385 Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,893 1386 Venango Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,891 1387 Sterling Township, Pennsylvania $17,889 1388 Lehigh Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $17,883 1389 Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,881 1390 Bastress Township, Pennsylvania $17,880 1391 Jamison City, Pennsylvania $17,873 1392 Benton Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,853 1393 Dyberry Township, Pennsylvania $17,847 1394 Mifflin Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,844 1395 Ohioville, Pennsylvania $17,837 1396 Blanchard, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,836 1397 North Charleroi, Pennsylvania $17,834 1398 Spring Mills, Pennsylvania $17,832 1399 Perryopolis, Pennsylvania $17,829 1400 Huntington Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,827 1401 Pine Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $17,824 1402 Lower Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,821 1403 Briar Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,818 1404 Valley View, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,817 1405 Chicora, Pennsylvania $17,815 1406 Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $17,809 1407 Tionesta, Pennsylvania $17,799 1408 Bradys Bend Township, Pennsylvania $17,797 1409 New Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $17,796 1410 Exeter Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,792 1411 Mead Township, Pennsylvania $17,792 1412 Brady Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,789 1413 East Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $17,787 1414 Chalfant, Pennsylvania $17,784 1415 Midway, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,783 1416 Stowe Township, Pennsylvania $17,783 1417 Muncy, Pennsylvania $17,782 1418 South Newton Township, Pennsylvania $17,782 1419 Rices Landing, Pennsylvania $17,775 1420 Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,773 1421 Armstrong Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $17,772 1422 Cumberland Valley Township, Pennsylvania $17,768 1423 Courtdale, Pennsylvania $17,765 1424 Barree Township, Pennsylvania $17,762 1425 Pleasant Gap, Pennsylvania $17,747 1426 Bangor, Pennsylvania $17,742 1427 Enola, Pennsylvania $17,740 1428 Atglen, Pennsylvania $17,735 1429 Shenango Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,728 1430 Folcroft, Pennsylvania $17,727 1431 Coolspring Township, Pennsylvania $17,724 1432 Red Lion, Pennsylvania $17,723 1433 Wilmington Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,719 1434 Youngwood, Pennsylvania $17,715 1435 Conewago Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,703 1436 Allenport, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,702 1437 Mars, Pennsylvania $17,701 1438 Liberty, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $17,690 1439 Wellsville, Pennsylvania $17,689 1440 Jessup Township, Pennsylvania $17,688 1441 Lower Mifflin Township, Pennsylvania $17,687 1442 Miller Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,680 1443 Moreland Township, Pennsylvania $17,680 1444 Delta, Pennsylvania $17,677 1445 Valley-Hi, Pennsylvania $17,677 1446 Ashley, Pennsylvania $17,676 1447 Reserve Township, Pennsylvania $17,676 1448 Black Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,675 1449 Washington Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,675 1450 Kreamer, Pennsylvania $17,667 1451 Benner Township, Pennsylvania $17,665 1452 Thompsontown, Pennsylvania $17,663 1453 Williams Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $17,656 1454 Cross Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,654 1455 Richmond Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $17,650 1456 Daugherty Township, Pennsylvania $17,646 1457 South Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $17,645 1458 Volant, Pennsylvania $17,642 1459 Germany Township, Pennsylvania $17,636 1460 Liverpool, Pennsylvania $17,626 1461 Butler Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,623 1462 Frenchcreek Township, Pennsylvania $17,620 1463 Elizabeth, Pennsylvania $17,618 1464 St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania $17,615 1465 West Mayfield, Pennsylvania $17,609 1466 West Wyoming, Pennsylvania $17,603 1467 Duryea, Pennsylvania $17,598 1468 Eldred Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $17,596 1469 Coraopolis, Pennsylvania $17,595 1470 Glendon, Pennsylvania $17,593 1471 Columbus Township, Pennsylvania $17,586 1472 Etna, Pennsylvania $17,580 1473 Hegins Township, Pennsylvania $17,571 1474 Northmoreland Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,571 1475 Greenfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,569 1476 Ford Cliff, Pennsylvania $17,568 1477 Richfield, Pennsylvania $17,555 1478 Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania $17,552 1479 Oklahoma, Pennsylvania $17,547 1480 Mehoopany Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,546 1481 East Penn Township, Pennsylvania $17,545 1482 Seven Valleys, Pennsylvania $17,544 1483 Barry Township, Pennsylvania $17,539 1484 Pike Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,539 1485 Bradford, Pennsylvania $17,537 1486 Gilpin Township, Pennsylvania $17,520 1487 Roscoe, Pennsylvania $17,508 1488 Hamlin Township, Pennsylvania $17,505 1489 Gregg Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,504 1490 Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,503 1491 West York, Pennsylvania $17,503 1492 Springfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,493 1493 Lime Ridge, Pennsylvania $17,489 1494 Decatur Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $17,485 1495 Rose Township, Pennsylvania $17,472 1496 Drumore Township, Pennsylvania $17,470 1497 Canonsburg, Pennsylvania $17,469 1498 Rouzerville, Pennsylvania $17,467 1499 Elmhurst Township, Pennsylvania $17,465 1500 Honesdale, Pennsylvania $17,464 1501 Huntington Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $17,461 1502 Lykens, Pennsylvania $17,459 1503 Southampton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,458 1504 Dushore, Pennsylvania $17,448 1505 Edgewood, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,445 1506 Sugarloaf Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,444 1507 Grier City-Park Crest, Pennsylvania $17,443 1508 Windham Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,443 1509 Clifford Township, Pennsylvania $17,442 1510 Delaware Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,442 1511 Greene Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,442 1512 Towanda, Pennsylvania $17,438 1513 Wilmot Township, Pennsylvania $17,438 1514 Prospect, Pennsylvania $17,435 1515 Elk Creek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,424 1516 Roseto, Pennsylvania $17,419 1517 Jermyn, Pennsylvania $17,417 1518 Menallen Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,415 1519 Middlebury Township, Pennsylvania $17,390 1520 Springfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,389 1521 North Woodbury Township, Pennsylvania $17,386 1522 Ayr Township, Pennsylvania $17,380 1523 Hubley Township, Pennsylvania $17,377 1524 Blossburg, Pennsylvania $17,375 1525 Clearfield, Pennsylvania $17,374 1526 Dickson City, Pennsylvania $17,370 1527 Arona, Pennsylvania $17,365 1528 Petrolia, Pennsylvania $17,358 1529 Portersville, Pennsylvania $17,356 1530 Adamsville, Pennsylvania $17,351 1531 Duboistown, Pennsylvania $17,348 1532 Greenwood Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $17,344 1533 Winfield Township, Pennsylvania $17,338 1534 Blooming Valley, Pennsylvania $17,334 1535 Deemston, Pennsylvania $17,331 1536 Mahoning Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $17,330 1537 Nicholson Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,330 1538 West Homestead, Pennsylvania $17,327 1539 Worth Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,324 1540 Salem Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,317 1541 Fermanagh Township, Pennsylvania $17,315 1542 Oakland Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,313 1543 Littlestown, Pennsylvania $17,310 1544 Smethport, Pennsylvania $17,297 1545 Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania $17,296 1546 Richmond Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,292 1547 Meadville, Pennsylvania $17,290 1548 West Chillisquaque Township, Pennsylvania $17,290 1549 Donegal Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,288 1550 Genesee Township, Pennsylvania $17,285 1551 Plymouth Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $17,285 1552 Lurgan Township, Pennsylvania $17,276 1553 New Buffalo, Pennsylvania $17,276 1554 Portland, Pennsylvania $17,275 1555 Hazleton, Pennsylvania $17,270 1556 Berrysburg, Pennsylvania $17,269 1557 Washington Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,269 1558 Wharton Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $17,268 1559 Dravosburg, Pennsylvania $17,264 1560 Abbottstown, Pennsylvania $17,246 1561 Fairfield, Pennsylvania $17,243 1562 Lorain, Pennsylvania $17,243 1563 East Drumore Township, Pennsylvania $17,229 1564 Big Beaver, Pennsylvania $17,228 1565 Shippen Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $17,228 1566 West Keating Township, Pennsylvania $17,224 1567 Carbon Township, Pennsylvania $17,222 1568 Girard Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,222 1569 Pike Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $17,220 1570 Mont Alto, Pennsylvania $17,216 1571 West Branch Township, Pennsylvania $17,214 1572 Hop Bottom, Pennsylvania $17,208 1573 Washington Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $17,207 1574 Mercer Township, Pennsylvania $17,205 1575 Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $17,202 1576 Bristol, Pennsylvania $17,198 1577 Clay Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,195 1578 Hopwood, Pennsylvania $17,194 1579 Jessup, Pennsylvania $17,189 1580 Winslow Township, Pennsylvania $17,189 1581 Shrewsbury Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,186 1582 Pillow, Pennsylvania $17,182 1583 Darby Township, Pennsylvania $17,179 1584 Myerstown, Pennsylvania $17,177 1585 Forward Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,175 1586 Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $17,175 1587 West Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $17,173 1588 Adamsburg, Pennsylvania $17,172 1589 Bloomfield, Pennsylvania $17,168 1590 Orangeville, Pennsylvania $17,167 1591 Wyalusing Township, Pennsylvania $17,165 1592 Towanda Township, Pennsylvania $17,164 1593 Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania $17,161 1594 Ellsworth, Pennsylvania $17,159 1595 Monongahela Township, Pennsylvania $17,158 1596 Ridgway, Pennsylvania $17,157 1597 Jefferson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,154 1598 Jefferson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $17,143 1599 Waterford, Pennsylvania $17,135 1600 West Liberty, Pennsylvania $17,133 1601 Penn Forest Township, Pennsylvania $17,129 1602 Wayne Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,128 1603 Wetmore Township, Pennsylvania $17,128 1604 East Earl Township, Pennsylvania $17,127 1605 Washington Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,124 1606 Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania $17,119 1607 Baden, Pennsylvania $17,112 1608 Lynnwood-Pricedale, Pennsylvania $17,112 1609 Connoquenessing, Pennsylvania $17,111 1610 Summit Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,109 1611 East Deer Township, Pennsylvania $17,108 1612 North Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,108 1613 Mayfield, Pennsylvania $17,106 1614 Greenwood Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,104 1615 Asylum Township, Pennsylvania $17,102 1616 Koppel, Pennsylvania $17,101 1617 Lower Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $17,097 1618 Franklin Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,096 1619 Coolbaugh Township, Pennsylvania $17,094 1620 Noyes Township, Pennsylvania $17,094 1621 Bethel Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $17,093 1622 Tulpehocken Township, Pennsylvania $17,092 1623 Conneautville, Pennsylvania $17,087 1624 McCalmont Township, Pennsylvania $17,083 1625 DuBois, Pennsylvania $17,079 1626 Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,076 1627 Laurel Run, Pennsylvania $17,066 1628 Midland, Pennsylvania $17,066 1629 Penn Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,063 1630 Waynesboro, Pennsylvania $17,063 1631 Mount Jewett, Pennsylvania $17,056 1632 Hickory Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $17,055 1633 Oakland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $17,051 1634 Olyphant, Pennsylvania $17,049 1635 Calumet-Norvelt, Pennsylvania $17,043 1636 Buckhorn, Pennsylvania $17,042 1637 Dupont, Pennsylvania $17,042 1638 Packer Township, Pennsylvania $17,038 1639 Linwood, Pennsylvania $17,037 1640 Beaver Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $17,026 1641 Jackson Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,016 1642 Donegal Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,012 1643 Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,011 1644 Peach Bottom Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,005 1645 Monaca, Pennsylvania $17,001 1646 Lenhartsville, Pennsylvania $16,998 1647 Throop, Pennsylvania $16,998 1648 North Versailles Township, Pennsylvania $16,991 1649 Beale Township, Pennsylvania $16,988 1650 Beech Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,983 1651 Jordan Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,983 1652 Cleveland Township, Pennsylvania $16,982 1653 Southampton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $16,981 1654 Milton, Pennsylvania $16,980 1655 Miller Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,978 1656 Hayfield Township, Pennsylvania $16,973 1657 Sandy, Pennsylvania $16,968 1658 Landingville, Pennsylvania $16,965 1659 Covington Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,964 1660 Troy, Pennsylvania $16,963 1661 Bowmanstown, Pennsylvania $16,956 1662 Emlenton, Pennsylvania $16,952 1663 Tuscarora Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,951 1664 Salem Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $16,947 1665 Burlington Township, Pennsylvania $16,946 1666 Conyngham Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,946 1667 Richland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,940 1668 North York, Pennsylvania $16,938 1669 Oliver Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,938 1670 Pine Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,938 1671 Newport Township, Pennsylvania $16,930 1672 Oakwood, Pennsylvania $16,930 1673 Mill Creek Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,928 1674 Brokenstraw Township, Pennsylvania $16,924 1675 Flemington, Pennsylvania $16,924 1676 Pymatuning Central, Pennsylvania $16,923 1677 Titusville, Pennsylvania $16,915 1678 Mount Pleasant Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $16,913 1679 Orbisonia, Pennsylvania $16,911 1680 Tioga, Pennsylvania $16,905 1681 Jackson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,903 1682 Monongahela, Pennsylvania $16,903 1683 Sugarcreek Township, Pennsylvania $16,903 1684 Sugar Grove, Pennsylvania $16,896 1685 Center Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $16,891 1686 Greene Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $16,890 1687 Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania $16,890 1688 Addison Township, Pennsylvania $16,889 1689 McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania $16,884 1690 Elk Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,883 1691 Lower Chichester Township, Pennsylvania $16,881 1692 Jefferson Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,880 1693 Lower Towamensing Township, Pennsylvania $16,878 1694 Lower Augusta Township, Pennsylvania $16,877 1695 Lewis Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,876 1696 Litchfield Township, Pennsylvania $16,874 1697 Sugarcreek, Pennsylvania $16,873 1698 North Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,872 1699 Cambria Township, Pennsylvania $16,868 1700 Madison Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $16,864 1701 Smith Township, Pennsylvania $16,864 1702 Connellsville Township, Pennsylvania $16,860 1703 Belfast Township, Pennsylvania $16,853 1704 Nuangola, Pennsylvania $16,851 1705 Freeport, Pennsylvania $16,845 1706 Laporte Township, Pennsylvania $16,845 1707 Pinegrove Township, Pennsylvania $16,843 1708 Apolacon Township, Pennsylvania $16,841 1709 Delaware Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,840 1710 Jordan Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,839 1711 Scrubgrass Township, Pennsylvania $16,839 1712 Gratz, Pennsylvania $16,837 1713 West Salem Township, Pennsylvania $16,834 1714 Foster Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,824 1715 Bendersville Station-Aspers, Pennsylvania $16,821 1716 McAlisterville, Pennsylvania $16,821 1717 Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania $16,820 1718 Upper Frankford Township, Pennsylvania $16,819 1719 Newport, Pennsylvania $16,818 1720 Quincy Township, Pennsylvania $16,816 1721 Union Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $16,816 1722 Granville Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,807 1723 Palo Alto, Pennsylvania $16,806 1724 Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania $16,804 1725 Covington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $16,802 1726 Snake Spring Township, Pennsylvania $16,801 1727 Lausanne Township, Pennsylvania $16,797 1728 Robinson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,797 1729 Yoe, Pennsylvania $16,795 1730 Avondale, Pennsylvania $16,794 1731 Hollenback Township, Pennsylvania $16,794 1732 Beavertown, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,792 1733 East Prospect, Pennsylvania $16,787 1734 Pleasant Hill, Pennsylvania $16,787 1735 Wayne Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $16,785 1736 Brown Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,784 1737 Fairfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $16,783 1738 Brownsville Township, Pennsylvania $16,777 1739 Loganton, Pennsylvania $16,773 1740 Blairsville, Pennsylvania $16,771 1741 German Township, Pennsylvania $16,769 1742 Black Lick Township, Pennsylvania $16,766 1743 Washington Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,766 1744 Eden Township, Pennsylvania $16,764 1745 Porter Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,764 1746 Shelocta, Pennsylvania $16,763 1747 Braintrim Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,758 1748 Pymatuning South, Pennsylvania $16,754 1749 Collingdale, Pennsylvania $16,751 1750 Sheffield, Pennsylvania $16,751 1751 Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $16,747 1752 Summerville, Pennsylvania $16,745 1753 Eldred Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,743 1754 New Lebanon, Pennsylvania $16,735 1755 Huston Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,734 1756 Choconut Township, Pennsylvania $16,726 1757 Todd Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $16,726 1758 Bullskin Township, Pennsylvania $16,719 1759 North Newton Township, Pennsylvania $16,719 1760 Union Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,717 1761 Smithton, Pennsylvania $16,715 1762 Taylor, Pennsylvania $16,714 1763 Railroad, Pennsylvania $16,709 1764 Driftwood, Pennsylvania $16,708 1765 Hopewell Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,708 1766 Cherry Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $16,706 1767 South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania $16,706 1768 Lemon Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,703 1769 East McKeesport, Pennsylvania $16,695 1770 Susquehanna Trails, Pennsylvania $16,695 1771 Danville, Pennsylvania $16,693 1772 Tresckow, Pennsylvania $16,693 1773 Spring Hill, Pennsylvania $16,688 1774 Girard, Pennsylvania $16,682 1775 Oil Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,682 1776 Milford Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,677 1777 Clarence, Pennsylvania $16,666 1778 Valley Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $16,664 1779 Middleburg, Pennsylvania $16,660 1780 Washington Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,655 1781 Centerville, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,648 1782 Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,641 1783 Stonycreek Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $16,638 1784 Arnold, Pennsylvania $16,631 1785 Paradise Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $16,631 1786 Monessen, Pennsylvania $16,627 1787 Columbia, Pennsylvania $16,626 1788 Chatham Township, Pennsylvania $16,623 1789 Charleston Township, Pennsylvania $16,621 1790 Pine Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $16,621 1791 Mexico, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,620 1792 Bald Eagle Township, Pennsylvania $16,616 1793 Canal Township, Pennsylvania $16,612 1794 Steelton, Pennsylvania $16,612 1795 Sugar Grove Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,602 1796 Port Allegany, Pennsylvania $16,601 1797 South Centre Township, Pennsylvania $16,600 1798 Yorkana, Pennsylvania $16,599 1799 Mill Hall, Pennsylvania $16,593 1800 East Lackawannock Township, Pennsylvania $16,589 1801 Annville, Pennsylvania $16,586 1802 Franklin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,584 1803 Oxford, Pennsylvania $16,579 1804 Limestone Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $16,577 1805 Hovey Township, Pennsylvania $16,573 1806 Tremont Township, Pennsylvania $16,573 1807 Friedens, Pennsylvania $16,571 1808 Washington Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $16,563 1809 Oregon Township, Pennsylvania $16,554 1810 Saltlick Township, Pennsylvania $16,554 1811 Nescopeck, Pennsylvania $16,553 1812 Forest Lake Township, Pennsylvania $16,550 1813 Applewold, Pennsylvania $16,549 1814 Irwin Township, Pennsylvania $16,549 1815 Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $16,548 1816 New Berlin, Pennsylvania $16,547 1817 South Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,546 1818 McKeansburg, Pennsylvania $16,541 1819 Pine Glen, Pennsylvania $16,540 1820 Wolf Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,538 1821 Eddystone, Pennsylvania $16,537 1822 North Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $16,528 1823 West Hazleton, Pennsylvania $16,525 1824 LeBoeuf Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,522 1825 Locust Township, Pennsylvania $16,522 1826 Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania $16,517 1827 North East Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,516 1828 Davidsville, Pennsylvania $16,512 1829 Mechanicsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,511 1830 Coburn, Pennsylvania $16,510 1831 Somerset Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,510 1832 Morris Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,509 1833 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania $16,509 1834 Valencia, Pennsylvania $16,501 1835 Hookstown, Pennsylvania $16,499 1836 Snow Shoe, Pennsylvania $16,497 1837 Port Carbon, Pennsylvania $16,496 1838 La Plume Township, Pennsylvania $16,491 1839 Perry Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,482 1840 Monroe Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,477 1841 Piney Township, Pennsylvania $16,473 1842 Highland Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,468 1843 Butler, Pennsylvania $16,457 1844 Tyrone Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $16,456 1845 Tuscarora, Pennsylvania $16,455 1846 Saville Township, Pennsylvania $16,454 1847 Schuylkill Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,452 1848 Swoyersville, Pennsylvania $16,449 1849 Union Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $16,448 1850 Halifax, Pennsylvania $16,443 1851 Clarion Township, Pennsylvania $16,442 1852 Warren Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,442 1853 South Heights, Pennsylvania $16,440 1854 Liberty Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $16,434 1855 Great Bend Township, Pennsylvania $16,431 1856 Kimmel Township, Pennsylvania $16,429 1857 Limestone Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $16,426 1858 Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $16,425 1859 Sheffield Township, Pennsylvania $16,423 1860 Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,414 1861 South Versailles Township, Pennsylvania $16,414 1862 Deer Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,413 1863 Ulster Township, Pennsylvania $16,411 1864 Falls Creek, Pennsylvania $16,410 1865 Manorville, Pennsylvania $16,407 1866 West Newton, Pennsylvania $16,406 1867 McKean, Pennsylvania $16,403 1868 Lincoln Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,400 1869 Wayne Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,398 1870 Franklin Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,397 1871 East Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $16,393 1872 Falls Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,392 1873 Slabtown, Pennsylvania $16,384 1874 Morrisville, Greene County, Pennsylvania $16,380 1875 Snow Shoe Township, Pennsylvania $16,374 1876 Bressler-Enhaut-Oberlin, Pennsylvania $16,373 1877 Avis, Pennsylvania $16,371 1878 Clinton Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,370 1879 Grove City, Pennsylvania $16,365 1880 North Branch Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,365 1881 Cranberry Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,361 1882 Crawford Township, Pennsylvania $16,360 1883 Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,355 1884 White Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $16,354 1885 Terry Township, Pennsylvania $16,352 1886 Blythe Township, Pennsylvania $16,348 1887 Penn Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,346 1888 Duncansville, Pennsylvania $16,344 1889 Smithfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,335 1890 Fairmount Township, Pennsylvania $16,334 1891 Washington Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $16,333 1892 West Middlesex, Pennsylvania $16,332 1893 Henderson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,326 1894 Bloomfield Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,325 1895 Gilmore Township, Pennsylvania $16,325 1896 Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $16,321 1897 Lawrence Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,321 1898 Columbia Township, Pennsylvania $16,320 1899 Cooperstown, Pennsylvania $16,314 1900 Union Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $16,309 1901 Schellsburg, Pennsylvania $16,303 1902 Ravine, Pennsylvania $16,297 1903 Fairview Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $16,295 1904 Homer City, Pennsylvania $16,293 1905 Kiskiminetas Township, Pennsylvania $16,291 1906 Vandergrift, Pennsylvania $16,285 1907 West Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,284 1908 Allentown, Pennsylvania $16,282 1909 Cass Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,282 1910 Pymatuning North, Pennsylvania $16,282 1911 Youngsville, Pennsylvania $16,278 1912 Lake Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $16,274 1913 Hughesville, Pennsylvania $16,271 1914 Washington Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,270 1915 Huston Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,268 1916 Salisbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $16,268 1917 South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $16,266 1918 Freedom, Pennsylvania $16,261 1919 Wharton Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,261 1920 Fell Township, Pennsylvania $16,260 1921 Summit Station, Pennsylvania $16,258 1922 Milesburg, Pennsylvania $16,255 1923 Foxburg, Pennsylvania $16,251 1924 Carrolltown, Pennsylvania $16,250 1925 Hopewell Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,245 1926 Leechburg, Pennsylvania $16,242 1927 Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,241 1928 Coalport, Pennsylvania $16,232 1929 Madisonburg, Pennsylvania $16,231 1930 Waterford Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,229 1931 Palmerton, Pennsylvania $16,225 1932 Blain, Pennsylvania $16,223 1933 Delmar Township, Pennsylvania $16,219 1934 Adams Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,217 1935 Luzerne, Pennsylvania $16,217 1936 Shippenville, Pennsylvania $16,216 1937 Port Royal, Pennsylvania $16,212 1938 East St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $16,211 1939 Iola, Pennsylvania $16,211 1940 Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $16,204 1931 Otter Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,203 1932 South Woodbury Township, Pennsylvania $16,197 1943 Larksville, Pennsylvania $16,196 1944 Weatherly, Pennsylvania $16,192 1945 Beaver Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,189 1946 Slatington, Pennsylvania $16,189 1947 Banks Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $16,186 1948 Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,186 1949 Knox Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,185 1950 Harrison Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,182 1951 Hanover Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,181 1952 Cherrytree Township, Pennsylvania $16,176 1953 Howard Township, Pennsylvania $16,175 1954 Scranton, Pennsylvania $16,174 1955 Geneva, Pennsylvania $16,171 1956 Kane, Pennsylvania $16,167 1957 Oilcreek Township, Pennsylvania $16,166 1958 Saegertown, Pennsylvania $16,163 1959 Barkeyville, Pennsylvania $16,161 1960 Cooper Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,161 1961 Porter Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $16,161 1962 Slippery Rock Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,160 1963 Albany Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,156 1964 Catawissa, Pennsylvania $16,154 1965 New Kensington, Pennsylvania $16,152 1966 Lewisberry, Pennsylvania $16,147 1967 Petersburg, Pennsylvania $16,141 1968 North East, Pennsylvania $16,132 1969 Yeagertown, Pennsylvania $16,130 1970 Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania $16,127 1971 Rutland Township, Pennsylvania $16,125 1972 Glenfield, Pennsylvania $16,123 1973 Cadogan Township, Pennsylvania $16,122 1974 Salladasburg, Pennsylvania $16,122 1975 Walker Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,118 1976 McVeytown, Pennsylvania $16,116 1977 Pavia Township, Pennsylvania $16,115 1978 Watsontown, Pennsylvania $16,110 1979 Gaines Township, Pennsylvania $16,105 1980 Burgettstown, Pennsylvania $16,097 1981 Hawley, Pennsylvania $16,093 1982 Centralia, Pennsylvania $16,083 1983 Chester Township, Pennsylvania $16,072 1984 Port Vue, Pennsylvania $16,065 1985 French Creek Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,064 1986 Sergeant Township, Pennsylvania $16,063 1987 Callery, Pennsylvania $16,049 1988 Jackson Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,039 1989 Napier Township, Pennsylvania $16,036 1990 Spartansburg, Pennsylvania $16,035 1991 Conemaugh Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,034 1992 Kulpmont, Pennsylvania $16,033 1993 Boggs Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,030 1994 Porter Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,030 1995 Exeter, Pennsylvania $16,022 1996 Sheshequin Township, Pennsylvania $16,017 1997 Jackson Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,005 1998 Middlecreek Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,005 1999 Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,002 2000 Bethel Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,999 2001 Haines Township, Pennsylvania $15,993 2002 West Pike Run Township, Pennsylvania $15,988 2003 Sandy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,986 2004 Dublin Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,984 2005 Lilly, Pennsylvania $15,984 2006 Stevens Township, Pennsylvania $15,983 2007 Farmington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $15,982 2008 New Columbus, Pennsylvania $15,981 2009 Venango, Pennsylvania $15,978 2010 Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $15,968 2011 Adams Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,967 2012 Anthony Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $15,962 2013 Perry Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,962 2014 Three Springs, Pennsylvania $15,962 2015 Jeannette, Pennsylvania $15,961 2016 Metal Township, Pennsylvania $15,958 2017 Burlington, Pennsylvania $15,951 2018 Graham Township, Pennsylvania $15,950 2019 Easton, Pennsylvania $15,949 2020 Dreher Township, Pennsylvania $15,945 2021 Greenwood Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,945 2022 Mifflin Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $15,945 2023 Mineral Township, Pennsylvania $15,945 2024 Lathrop Township, Pennsylvania $15,941 2025 Mifflin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,941 2026 Licking Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,940 2027 Randolph Township, Pennsylvania $15,939 2028 Darlington, Pennsylvania $15,938 2029 Anthony Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,932 2030 New Milford Township, Pennsylvania $15,927 2031 Tunkhannock Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $15,927 2032 Lawrence Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,920 2033 Beallsville, Pennsylvania $15,917 2034 Jacksonville, Pennsylvania $15,917 2035 Sharon, Pennsylvania $15,913 2036 Lehigh Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,910 2037 Watson Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $15,909 2038 Sugar Notch, Pennsylvania $15,902 2039 Avon, Pennsylvania $15,901 2040 Ridgebury Township, Pennsylvania $15,901 2041 Freeburg, Pennsylvania $15,893 2042 Jay Township, Pennsylvania $15,893 2043 New Beaver, Pennsylvania $15,893 2044 Versailles, Pennsylvania $15,889 2045 Duncannon, Pennsylvania $15,883 2046 Verona, Pennsylvania $15,881 2047 Mahoning Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,878 2048 Thompson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,870 2049 Hyndman, Pennsylvania $15,865 2050 Liberty Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,857 2051 Springville Township, Pennsylvania $15,857 2052 Hickory Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $15,856 2053 South Philipsburg, Pennsylvania $15,853 2054 Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $15,846 2055 Richhill Township, Pennsylvania $15,845 2056 Piatt Township, Pennsylvania $15,842 2057 Everett, Pennsylvania $15,841 2058 Barnett Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,840 2059 West Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $15,834 2060 Tell Township, Pennsylvania $15,832 2061 Muddy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,821 2062 Oakland Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,820 2063 Nelson Township, Pennsylvania $15,818 2064 Liberty Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,814 2065 Windsor, Pennsylvania $15,808 2066 Plain Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,807 2067 Rayne Township, Pennsylvania $15,806 2068 Burnham, Pennsylvania $15,800 2069 Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,790 2070 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania $15,787 2071 Manchester Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,786 2072 Auburn Township, Pennsylvania $15,785 2073 Ellwood City, Pennsylvania $15,784 2074 Trevorton, Pennsylvania $15,781 2075 Zerbe Township, Pennsylvania $15,780 2076 Forest City, Pennsylvania $15,774 2077 Millersville, Pennsylvania $15,773 2078 Marion Heights, Pennsylvania $15,772 2079 Munster Township, Pennsylvania $15,762 2080 Shirley Township, Pennsylvania $15,757 2081 Shoemakersville, Pennsylvania $15,756 2082 Cokeburg, Pennsylvania $15,754 2083 Stewart Township, Pennsylvania $15,754 2084 Port Matilda, Pennsylvania $15,753 2085 Trainer, Pennsylvania $15,753 2086 Gallitzin Township, Pennsylvania $15,752 2087 Millbourne, Pennsylvania $15,752 2088 Tamaqua, Pennsylvania $15,752 2089 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania $15,744 2090 Williamstown, Pennsylvania $15,744 2091 Salem Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $15,742 2092 Fulton Township, Pennsylvania $15,735 2093 Green Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $15,725 2094 Jackson Center, Pennsylvania $15,721 2095 Bonneauville, Pennsylvania $15,720 2096 Wells Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,717 2097 Lackawannock Township, Pennsylvania $15,711 2098 Auburn, Pennsylvania $15,705 2099 Annin Township, Pennsylvania $15,703 2100 Freeland, Pennsylvania $15,701 2101 Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania $15,698 2102 Otto Township, Pennsylvania $15,697 2103 Perry Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,696 2104 Warrior Run, Pennsylvania $15,693 2105 Huston Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $15,688 2106 Rush Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,683 2107 Tower City, Pennsylvania $15,678 2108 Bessemer, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,677 2109 Wolfdale, Pennsylvania $15,676 2110 Eldred, Pennsylvania $15,674 2111 Derry, Pennsylvania $15,671 2112 Meshoppen Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $15,670 2113 Pike Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,670 2114 Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,669 2115 Ulysses Township, Pennsylvania $15,669 2116 North Irwin, Pennsylvania $15,665 2117 Clover Township, Pennsylvania $15,661 2118 Pittsfield Township, Pennsylvania $15,661 2119 Upper Mifflin Township, Pennsylvania $15,660 2120 Woodward Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,659 2121 Lumber City, Pennsylvania $15,655 2122 Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,650 2123 Allegheny Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,646 2124 Burrell Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $15,645 2125 Wesleyville, Pennsylvania $15,644 2126 Nuremberg, Pennsylvania $15,642 2127 New Eagle, Pennsylvania $15,636 2128 Albion, Pennsylvania $15,631 2129 Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania $15,631 2130 Washington Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,629 2131 Cherry Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,628 2132 Colerain Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $15,626 2133 Minersville, Pennsylvania $15,623 2134 Triumph Township, Pennsylvania $15,621 2135 Berlin, Pennsylvania $15,614 2136 Elgin, Pennsylvania $15,611 2137 Pleasantville, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,608 2138 Knoxville, Pennsylvania $15,605 2139 Prompton, Pennsylvania $15,601 2140 East Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $15,598 2141 Wampum, Pennsylvania $15,598 2142 Portage, Pennsylvania $15,594 2143 Morgan Township, Pennsylvania $15,588 2144 Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania $15,586 2145 Lebanon, Pennsylvania $15,584 2146 Chapman, Pennsylvania $15,571 2147 Sharon Township, Pennsylvania $15,570 2148 Beech Creek, Pennsylvania $15,567 2149 Cresson, Pennsylvania $15,562 2150 Union Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,558 2151 Lumber Township, Pennsylvania $15,556 2152 Licking Township, Pennsylvania $15,553 2153 Ward Township, Pennsylvania $15,553 2154 Harford Township, Pennsylvania $15,551 2155 Englewood, Pennsylvania $15,547 2156 Hunlock Township, Pennsylvania $15,541 2157 Toboyne Township, Pennsylvania $15,537 2158 Wayne Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $15,537 2159 Linesville, Pennsylvania $15,534 2160 Franklin Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,532 2161 Penn Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,530 2162 Fox Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,529 2163 Union Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,528 2164 Muncy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,500 2165 Rockland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,495 2166 Clintonville, Pennsylvania $15,488 2167 Greene Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,486 2168 Sheakleyville, Pennsylvania $15,479 2169 Lower Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $15,475 2170 Berlin Township, Pennsylvania $15,470 2171 Bloom Township, Pennsylvania $15,470 2172 Liberty Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $15,468 2173 McClure, Pennsylvania $15,466 2174 Lamar Township, Pennsylvania $15,464 2175 Taylor Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,461 2176 Canaan Township, Pennsylvania $15,460 2177 Delano, Pennsylvania $15,460 2178 Sandy Lake, Pennsylvania $15,460 2179 Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $15,459 2180 Ashland Township, Pennsylvania $15,457 2181 Lincoln Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,457 2182 Standing Stone Township, Pennsylvania $15,456 2183 Forks Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $15,451 2184 Castanea Township, Pennsylvania $15,448 2185 Ellport, Pennsylvania $15,447 2186 Morris Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,430 2187 Pine Creek Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,426 2188 Rome Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,425 2189 Alexandria, Pennsylvania $15,423 2190 Nicholson Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $15,423 2191 Canton Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $15,420 2192 Lake City, Pennsylvania $15,419 2193 St. Clair, Pennsylvania $15,418 2194 Girard Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,412 2195 Concord Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $15,409 2196 Parryville, Pennsylvania $15,409 2197 Tionesta Township, Pennsylvania $15,404 2198 Picture Rocks, Pennsylvania $15,402 2199 Fairview-Ferndale, Pennsylvania $15,400 2200 Pulaski Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,397 2201 Lycoming Township, Pennsylvania $15,395 2202 Port Clinton, Pennsylvania $15,395 2203 Upland, Pennsylvania $15,391 2204 Cass Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $15,389 2205 Spring Creek Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,383 2206 Landisburg, Pennsylvania $15,379 2207 Mount Carmel Township, Pennsylvania $15,376 2208 Rockhill Furnace, Pennsylvania $15,376 2209 Taylor Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,368 2210 West Brownsville, Pennsylvania $15,368 2211 Young Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $15,367 2212 Wheatland, Pennsylvania $15,365 2213 Clinton Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,363 2214 Eldred Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $15,361 2215 Rochester, Pennsylvania $15,359 2216 Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,351 2217 Nanticoke, Pennsylvania $15,348 2218 Wilburton Number One, Pennsylvania $15,348 2219 Cogan House Township, Pennsylvania $15,345 2220 East Cameron Township, Pennsylvania $15,345 2221 Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania $15,343 2222 Troutville, Pennsylvania $15,335 2223 Waynesburg, Pennsylvania $15,333 2224 Coal Township, Pennsylvania $15,329 2225 Buffington Township, Pennsylvania $15,327 2226 Colebrook Township, Pennsylvania $15,327 2227 Franklin, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,322 2228 Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $15,322 2229 Fallston, Pennsylvania $15,312 2230 Hartley Township, Pennsylvania $15,310 2231 McEwensville, Pennsylvania $15,309 2232 Oliver Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,308 2233 Riceville, Pennsylvania $15,305 2234 Bloomfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $15,303 2235 Mainville, Pennsylvania $15,303 2236 East Brady, Pennsylvania $15,299 2237 Brady Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,298 2238 Jefferson, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,294 2239 Cumberland Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,293 2240 West Burlington Township, Pennsylvania $15,291 2241 Karns City, Pennsylvania $15,290 2242 Tioga Township, Pennsylvania $15,290 2243 West Perry Township, Pennsylvania $15,288 2244 Tyrone, Pennsylvania $15,285 2245 Unionville, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,284 2246 Foundryville, Pennsylvania $15,283 2247 Clay Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,282 2248 Southwest Township, Pennsylvania $15,281 2249 Juniata Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $15,277 2250 Chest Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,276 2251 Fairdale, Pennsylvania $15,275 2252 Tidioute, Pennsylvania $15,272 2253 Southampton Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $15,271 2254 Wiconisco Township, Pennsylvania $15,268 2255 Tuscarora Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $15,264 2256 South Connellsville, Pennsylvania $15,261 2257 Coalmont, Pennsylvania $15,260 2258 Decatur Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $15,248 2259 New Boston-Morea, Pennsylvania $15,243 2260 West Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $15,243 2261 Clearfield Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,241 2262 Emporium, Pennsylvania $15,239 2263 Beaver Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $15,225 2264 Dimock Township, Pennsylvania $15,216 2265 Hyde Park, Pennsylvania $15,214 2266 Altoona, Pennsylvania $15,213 2267 West Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $15,212 2268 New Albany, Pennsylvania $15,209 2269 Allegheny Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $15,204 2270 Belleville, Pennsylvania $15,202 2271 Jackson Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,201 2272 Jamestown, Pennsylvania $15,199 2273 Amity Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $15,186 2274 Sylvania, Pennsylvania $15,181 2275 Limestone Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,180 2276 Mount Pleasant Mills, Pennsylvania $15,180 2277 Blaine Township, Pennsylvania $15,167 2278 Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,167 2279 Newburg, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,166 2280 Pymatuning Township, Pennsylvania $15,164 2281 Derry Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $15,161 2282 Numidia, Pennsylvania $15,160 2283 Kline Township, Pennsylvania $15,157 2284 Victory Township, Pennsylvania $15,156 2285 Marion Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,153 2286 Corry, Pennsylvania $15,143 2287 Hiller, Pennsylvania $15,142 2288 Loyalhanna Township, Pennsylvania $15,136 2289 Spruce Hill Township, Pennsylvania $15,135 2290 Castanea, Pennsylvania $15,133 2291 East Side, Pennsylvania $15,132 2292 Jackson Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $15,131 2293 Jenks Township, Pennsylvania $15,131 2294 Middletown Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,129 2295 Rome, Pennsylvania $15,127 2296 Buck Township, Pennsylvania $15,123 2297 Woodland Heights, Pennsylvania $15,123 2298 Worthington, Pennsylvania $15,122 2299 Osceola Township, Pennsylvania $15,113 2300 Juniata Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,111 2301 Snydertown, Pennsylvania $15,107 2302 Orchard Hills, Pennsylvania $15,105 2303 Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania $15,104 2304 King Township, Pennsylvania $15,102 2305 East Carroll Township, Pennsylvania $15,100 2306 Lykens Township, Pennsylvania $15,096 2307 South New Castle, Pennsylvania $15,095 2308 Ambridge, Pennsylvania $15,089 2309 Marion Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $15,089 2310 Woodward, Pennsylvania $15,089 2311 Leroy Township, Pennsylvania $15,087 2312 Highland Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,086 2313 Dunbar Township, Pennsylvania $15,083 2314 Windber, Pennsylvania $15,078 2315 Rockdale Township, Pennsylvania $15,071 2316 Bendersville, Pennsylvania $15,066 2317 Jenner Township, Pennsylvania $15,066 2318 Orwell Township, Pennsylvania $15,055 2319 Logan Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,051 2320 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania $15,050 2321 Knox Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,040 2322 Ashland, Pennsylvania $15,036 2323 Dayton, Pennsylvania $15,036 2324 Glassport, Pennsylvania $15,035 2325 Northampton Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $15,021 2326 East Providence Township, Pennsylvania $15,015 2327 Oakland, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,015 2328 South Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,015 2329 Canton Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,013 2330 Summerhill, Pennsylvania $15,013 2331 Great Bend, Pennsylvania $15,009 2332 Burnside Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,005 2333 Portage Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $15,001 2334 Stoneboro, Pennsylvania $14,999 2335 Summit Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,996 2336 Herrick Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,989 2337 Herminie, Pennsylvania $14,988 2338 Sullivan Township, Pennsylvania $14,986 2339 Dudley, Pennsylvania $14,984 2340 Carmichaels, Pennsylvania $14,979 2341 Kittanning Township, Pennsylvania $14,979 2342 Washington Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,977 2343 Brandonville, Pennsylvania $14,973 2344 Erie, Pennsylvania $14,972 2345 Allegheny Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,970 2346 Greenville, Pennsylvania $14,969 2347 Addison, Pennsylvania $14,963 2348 Brooklyn Township, Pennsylvania $14,957 2349 Clearfield Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,952 2350 Newry, Pennsylvania $14,949 2351 Woodbury Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,946 2352 Union Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,940 2353 Osceola Mills, Pennsylvania $14,932 2354 Harmonsburg, Pennsylvania $14,930 2355 Cherry Valley, Pennsylvania $14,915 2356 Fannett Township, Pennsylvania $14,915 2357 Carbondale, Pennsylvania $14,914 2358 Beaver Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,913 2359 Cherryhill Township, Pennsylvania $14,910 2360 East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania $14,909 2361 Fairview Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $14,909 2362 Whiteley Township, Pennsylvania $14,906 2363 Turbett Township, Pennsylvania $14,905 2364 Hampton, Pennsylvania $14,901 2365 Hydetown, Pennsylvania $14,891 2366 Susquehanna Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $14,890 2367 Burrell Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,888 2368 West Finley Township, Pennsylvania $14,888 2369 Shickshinny, Pennsylvania $14,880 2370 Norwich Township, Pennsylvania $14,879 2371 Bradford Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,877 2372 Washington Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,870 2373 Franklin Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,866 2374 Lehighton, Pennsylvania $14,861 2375 West Fallowfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,860 2376 Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania $14,858 2377 Spring Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,858 2378 Rush Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,853 2379 Delano Township, Pennsylvania $14,851 2380 Portage Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,846 2381 Little Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $14,844 2382 Milford Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,836 2383 Timblin, Pennsylvania $14,831 2384 Wattsburg, Pennsylvania $14,830 2385 Curwensville, Pennsylvania $14,829 2386 Spring Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,821 2387 Washington, Pennsylvania $14,818 2388 Shippensburg, Pennsylvania $14,816 2389 Cromwell Township, Pennsylvania $14,806 2390 Springfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,804 2391 Le Raysville, Pennsylvania $14,802 2392 Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania $14,802 2393 Tuscarora Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,798 2394 Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania $14,796 2395 Ararat Township, Pennsylvania $14,793 2396 Scott Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $14,793 2397 Claysville, Pennsylvania $14,785 2398 Dixonville, Pennsylvania $14,785 2399 Gilberton, Pennsylvania $14,785 2400 Pitcairn, Pennsylvania $14,785 2401 Broad Top Township, Pennsylvania $14,781 2402 Lewis Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $14,780 2403 Jeddo, Pennsylvania $14,776 2404 Donegal Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2405 Keating Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2406 Richland Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2407 Harrison City, Pennsylvania $14,759 2408 Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $14,755 2409 East Uniontown, Pennsylvania $14,751 2410 South Renovo, Pennsylvania $14,751 2411 Pulaski Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $14,742 2412 Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $14,741 2413 Daisytown, Pennsylvania $14,736 2414 Lewistown, Pennsylvania $14,733 2415 New Milford, Pennsylvania $14,733 2416 South Bend Township, Pennsylvania $14,728 2417 McAdoo, Pennsylvania $14,723 2418 Newtown, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $14,722 2419 Wall, Pennsylvania $14,720 2420 New Castle Township, Pennsylvania $14,716 2421 Hartleton, Pennsylvania $14,714 2422 President Township, Pennsylvania $14,713 2423 Williamsport, Pennsylvania $14,707 2424 St. Petersburg, Pennsylvania $14,703 2425 Tremont, Pennsylvania $14,698 2426 Oil Creek Township, Pennsylvania $14,696 2427 Boggs Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,694 2428 Paint Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,694 2429 Lake Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $14,690 2430 Little Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $14,689 2431 Banks Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,687 2432 West Elizabeth, Pennsylvania $14,687 2433 Pittston, Pennsylvania $14,686 2434 Martinsburg, Pennsylvania $14,678 2435 Youngstown, Pennsylvania $14,677 2436 East Finley Township, Pennsylvania $14,675 2437 Brookfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,673 2438 Tarentum, Pennsylvania $14,671 2439 Ringgold Township, Pennsylvania $14,669 2440 Liberty Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,664 2441 Factoryville, Pennsylvania $14,660 2442 Sandy Ridge, Pennsylvania $14,657 2443 Gaskill Township, Pennsylvania $14,649 2444 Porter Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $14,647 2445 Perry Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,631 2446 Stoystown, Pennsylvania $14,629 2447 Parker, Pennsylvania $14,627 2448 Plumcreek Township, Pennsylvania $14,624 2449 East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania $14,611 2450 St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $14,611 2451 Center Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $14,610 2452 Warminster Heights, Pennsylvania $14,610 2453 Clairton, Pennsylvania $14,608 2454 Venango Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,600 2455 Rohrsburg, Pennsylvania $14,597 2456 Seward, Pennsylvania $14,585 2457 Greenwood Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,584 2458 Saltsburg, Pennsylvania $14,580 2459 Plum Township, Pennsylvania $14,578 2460 Dale, Pennsylvania $14,570 2461 West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania $14,563 2462 Platea, Pennsylvania $14,555 2463 New Baltimore, Pennsylvania $14,552 2464 Worthville, Pennsylvania $14,542 2465 Plumville, Pennsylvania $14,540 2466 Freedom Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,539 2467 Berwick, Pennsylvania $14,538 2468 Dunkard Township, Pennsylvania $14,537 2469 Farrell, Pennsylvania $14,532 2470 Millvale, Pennsylvania $14,526 2471 Bratton Township, Pennsylvania $14,516 2472 East Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,514 2473 Athens Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,509 2474 Strattanville, Pennsylvania $14,506 2475 Smicksburg, Pennsylvania $14,502 2476 Greene Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $14,500 2477 Shanksville, Pennsylvania $14,500 2478 Springfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,499 2479 Waymart, Pennsylvania $14,498 2480 Wellersburg, Pennsylvania $14,495 2481 Conneaut Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,493 2482 Rayburn Township, Pennsylvania $14,490 2483 Noxen Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $14,488 2484 Warsaw Township, Pennsylvania $14,487 2485 Davidson Township, Pennsylvania $14,483 2486 McIntyre Township, Pennsylvania $14,483 2487 Georges Township, Pennsylvania $14,482 2488 Upper Mahantongo Township, Pennsylvania $14,478 2489 Elkland, Pennsylvania $14,470 2490 East Rochester, Pennsylvania $14,465 2491 Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,463 2492 Southwest Madison Township, Pennsylvania $14,457 2493 Parker Township, Pennsylvania $14,434 2494 Boggs Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,432 2495 Mapleton, Pennsylvania $14,431 2496 Texas Township, Pennsylvania $14,429 2497 California, Pennsylvania $14,412 2498 Gulich Township, Pennsylvania $14,405 2499 Cranesville, Pennsylvania $14,403 2500 Bart Township, Pennsylvania $14,399 2501 Juniata Terrace, Pennsylvania $14,398 2502 Sykesville, Pennsylvania $14,398 2503 West Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $14,396 2504 Mifflintown, Pennsylvania $14,394 2505 Renningers, Pennsylvania $14,391 2506 Snyder Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,389 2507 Eau Claire, Pennsylvania $14,383 2508 Toby Township, Pennsylvania $14,380 2509 York Springs, Pennsylvania $14,379 2510 Branchdale, Pennsylvania $14,378 2511 Conemaugh Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,378 2512 Paxtonville, Pennsylvania $14,376 2513 Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania $14,369 2514 Hallstead, Pennsylvania $14,362 2515 Chest Springs, Pennsylvania $14,357 2516 Deerfield Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $14,354 2517 Monroe Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,353 2518 Paint, Pennsylvania $14,351 2519 Putnam Township, Pennsylvania $14,349 2520 Lansford, Pennsylvania $14,347 2521 Orrstown, Pennsylvania $14,346 2522 Roulette Township, Pennsylvania $14,340 2523 Brush Valley Township, Pennsylvania $14,337 2524 Ferguson Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,337 2525 Saltillo, Pennsylvania $14,333 2526 Wilmerding, Pennsylvania $14,330 2527 Bellwood, Pennsylvania $14,323 2528 South Coatesville, Pennsylvania $14,321 2529 Ford City, Pennsylvania $14,318 2530 Morris Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,314 2531 Penn, Pennsylvania $14,312 2532 Wayne Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $14,296 2533 Cherry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,288 2534 North Union Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $14,265 2535 Springboro, Pennsylvania $14,258 2536 Chester Hill, Pennsylvania $14,256 2537 Clymer, Pennsylvania $14,250 2538 Blacklick Township, Pennsylvania $14,244 2539 Summerhill Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,242 2540 Rural Valley, Pennsylvania $14,238 2541 Brady Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,237 2542 Fredonia, Pennsylvania $14,233 2543 Benson, Pennsylvania $14,232 2544 Conyngham Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $14,230 2545 West Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,228 2546 Gallitzin, Pennsylvania $14,216 2547 Granville Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,211 2548 Plymouth, Pennsylvania $14,207 2549 Republic, Pennsylvania $14,201 2550 Laceyville, Pennsylvania $14,185 2551 Union Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $14,185 2552 Nanty-Glo, Pennsylvania $14,184 2553 Houtzdale, Pennsylvania $14,177 2554 Dunbar, Pennsylvania $14,176 2555 Elk Lick Township, Pennsylvania $14,176 2556 Greenfield Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,168 2557 Connellsville, Pennsylvania $14,165 2558 Monroe Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $14,160 2559 Conemaugh Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,157 2560 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania $14,157 2561 Southampton Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,149 2562 Lewisburg, Pennsylvania $14,146 2563 Curtisville, Pennsylvania $14,143 2564 West Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $14,143 2565 Dean Township, Pennsylvania $14,141 2566 Upper Turkeyfoot Township, Pennsylvania $14,137 2567 Milroy, Pennsylvania $14,136 2568 Croyle Township, Pennsylvania $14,130 2569 Meyersdale, Pennsylvania $14,116 2570 Union Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,115 2571 Ramey, Pennsylvania $14,101 2572 Coatesville, Pennsylvania $14,079 2573 North Braddock, Pennsylvania $14,076 2574 Abbott Township, Pennsylvania $14,068 2575 Eastvale, Pennsylvania $14,063 2576 Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania $14,045 2577 North Apollo, Pennsylvania $14,025 2578 Morris Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,023 2579 Coaldale, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $14,021 2580 Fairchance, Pennsylvania $14,021 2581 Williamsburg, Pennsylvania $14,019 2582 Lack Township, Pennsylvania $14,016 2583 White Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,007 2584 Cassandra, Pennsylvania $14,004 2585 Quemahoning Township, Pennsylvania $14,002 2586 Barnett Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $13,995 2587 Lower Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania $13,995 2588 Penn Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,994 2589 Plainfield, Pennsylvania $13,993 2590 Darby, Pennsylvania $13,990 2591 Juniata Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,990 2592 North Vandergrift-Pleasant View, Pennsylvania $13,987 2593 North Philipsburg, Pennsylvania $13,984 2594 Lucerne Mines, Pennsylvania $13,976 2595 Fox Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $13,971 2596 Wayne Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $13,969 2597 Sugar Grove Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $13,963 2598 Lancaster, Pennsylvania $13,955 2599 Elco, Pennsylvania $13,951 2600 Londonderry Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,951 2601 Redstone Township, Pennsylvania $13,945 2602 Forksville, Pennsylvania $13,943 2603 Beccaria Township, Pennsylvania $13,941 2604 Logan Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $13,939 2605 Ceres Township, Pennsylvania $13,934 2606 Middleport, Pennsylvania $13,931 2607 Polk Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $13,923 2608 St. Michael-Sidman, Pennsylvania $13,914 2609 Eyers Grove, Pennsylvania $13,906 2610 Mann Township, Pennsylvania $13,893 2611 Reilly Township, Pennsylvania $13,888 2612 Woodbury Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,885 2613 Colwyn, Pennsylvania $13,883 2614 Masontown, Pennsylvania $13,875 2615 Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,874 2616 Gordon, Pennsylvania $13,873 2617 Lanesboro, Pennsylvania $13,873 2618 Madison Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,867 2619 Elder Township, Pennsylvania $13,862 2620 McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania $13,858 2621 Bloss Township, Pennsylvania $13,857 2622 Summit Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $13,853 2623 Sutersville, Pennsylvania $13,853 2624 Patton, Pennsylvania $13,851 2625 Lincoln Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,847 2626 Mahoning Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $13,833 2627 Coal Center, Pennsylvania $13,827 2628 Parks Township, Pennsylvania $13,818 2629 West Alexander, Pennsylvania $13,815 2630 Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania $13,808 2631 Sligo, Pennsylvania $13,807 2632 Brisbin, Pennsylvania $13,805 2633 Perry Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,795 2634 Kittanning, Pennsylvania $13,787 2635 Weissport, Pennsylvania $13,785 2636 Clarendon, Pennsylvania $13,774 2637 Montgomery, Pennsylvania $13,763 2638 Redbank Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,762 2639 Shippingport, Pennsylvania $13,759 2640 Glen Lyon, Pennsylvania $13,753 2641 Charleroi, Pennsylvania $13,752 2642 Corsica, Pennsylvania $13,752 2643 Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $13,746 2644 Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania $13,738 2645 Rebersburg, Pennsylvania $13,737 2646 Girardville, Pennsylvania $13,735 2647 Todd Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $13,734 2648 New Castle, Pennsylvania $13,730 2649 Sankertown, Pennsylvania $13,728 2650 Overton Township, Pennsylvania $13,727 2651 Karthaus Township, Pennsylvania $13,723 2652 Clarksville, Pennsylvania $13,720 2653 Uniontown, Pennsylvania $13,720 2654 Aliquippa, Pennsylvania $13,718 2655 Keating Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $13,716 2656 Grant Township, Pennsylvania $13,697 2657 Armagh Township, Pennsylvania $13,692 2658 Plymptonville, Pennsylvania $13,691 2659 Rockwood, Pennsylvania $13,687 2660 Callensburg, Pennsylvania $13,654 2661 Susquehanna Depot, Pennsylvania $13,654 2662 New Galilee, Pennsylvania $13,649 2663 Jackson Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $13,644 2664 Brush Creek Township, Pennsylvania $13,643 2665 Cassville, Pennsylvania $13,628 2666 Smithfield, Pennsylvania $13,618 2667 Creekside, Pennsylvania $13,603 2668 Cowanshannock Township, Pennsylvania $13,598 2669 Reynoldsville, Pennsylvania $13,592 2670 Reedsville, Pennsylvania $13,591 2671 Shirleysburg, Pennsylvania $13,586 2672 Gray Township, Pennsylvania $13,584 2673 Nicholson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $13,568 2674 Bolivar, Pennsylvania $13,551 2675 Shippen Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,544 2676 Casselman, Pennsylvania $13,543 2677 Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania $13,538 2678 Canton, Pennsylvania $13,537 2679 Manns Choice, Pennsylvania $13,533 2680 Morris Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,519 2681 Wood Township, Pennsylvania $13,512 2682 Oliver, Pennsylvania $13,509 2683 New Salem-Buffington, Pennsylvania $13,508 2684 Westfield Township, Pennsylvania $13,506 2685 Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $13,505 2686 Black Township, Pennsylvania $13,504 2687 Shade Township, Pennsylvania $13,497 2688 Brownstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $13,494 2689 New Ringgold, Pennsylvania $13,492 2690 Beaverdale-Lloydell, Pennsylvania $13,477 2691 New Brighton, Pennsylvania $13,475 2692 Edwardsville, Pennsylvania $13,464 2693 Washington Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $13,464 2694 East Waterford, Pennsylvania $13,456 2695 New Florence, Pennsylvania $13,449 2696 Barr Township, Pennsylvania $13,444 2697 Bingham Township, Pennsylvania $13,441 2698 West St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $13,440 2699 Upper Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania $13,439 2700 York, Pennsylvania $13,439 2701 Hastings, Pennsylvania $13,429 2702 Fredericktown-Millsboro, Pennsylvania $13,425 2703 Mount Union, Pennsylvania $13,419 2704 Apollo, Pennsylvania $13,415 2705 Meshoppen, Pennsylvania $13,408 2706 Brownsville, Pennsylvania $13,404 2707 Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania $13,401 2708 Knox Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,394 2709 East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $13,391 2710 Upper Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $13,387 2711 Lewis Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $13,385 2712 Oakland, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $13,363 2713 Sunbury, Pennsylvania $13,350 2714 Aleppo Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $13,346 2715 New Vernon Township, Pennsylvania $13,325 2716 Glen Hope, Pennsylvania $13,321 2717 Aristes, Pennsylvania $13,302 2718 Larimer Township, Pennsylvania $13,301 2719 Point Marion, Pennsylvania $13,300 2720 Hooversville, Pennsylvania $13,298 2721 South Fork, Pennsylvania $13,298 2722 Brady Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $13,292 2723 Rouseville, Pennsylvania $13,286 2724 New Paris, Pennsylvania $13,279 2725 Claysburg, Pennsylvania $13,277 2726 Central City, Pennsylvania $13,263 2727 Oswayo Township, Pennsylvania $13,263 2728 Shinglehouse, Pennsylvania $13,253 2729 Hamilton Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,251 2730 McKeesport, Pennsylvania $13,242 2731 Center Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $13,240 2732 Johnstown, Pennsylvania $13,236 2733 Washington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,218 2734 South Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $13,191 2735 Miles Township, Pennsylvania $13,180 2736 West Carroll Township, Pennsylvania $13,177 2737 Summerhill Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $13,176 2738 East Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $13,168 2739 Hawthorn, Pennsylvania $13,146 2740 Chapman Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $13,140 2741 Bruin, Pennsylvania $13,136 2742 Braddock, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $13,135 2743 Marshallton, Pennsylvania $13,135 2744 Westfield, Pennsylvania $13,135 2745 Eldred Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $13,132 2746 Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania $13,129 2747 Freehold Township, Pennsylvania $13,103 2748 Black Lick, Pennsylvania $13,100 2749 Galeton, Pennsylvania $13,095 2750 Steuben Township, Pennsylvania $13,089 2751 Fairhope Township, Pennsylvania $13,087 2752 Reading, Pennsylvania $13,086 2753 Northeast Madison Township, Pennsylvania $13,083 2754 Franklin Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $13,066 2755 Woodward Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,062 2756 Fayette City, Pennsylvania $13,058 2757 Chester, Pennsylvania $13,052 2758 East Keating Township, Pennsylvania $13,047 2759 Tunnelhill, Pennsylvania $13,042 2760 Jerome, Pennsylvania $13,033 2761 East Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $13,024 2762 Briar Creek, Pennsylvania $13,009 2763 Armenia Township, Pennsylvania $13,005 2764 Salisbury, Pennsylvania $12,973 2765 Polk, Pennsylvania $12,963 2766 Union Dale, Pennsylvania $12,960 2767 Everson, Pennsylvania $12,928 2768 Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania $12,919 2769 Gregg Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $12,916 2770 Allegheny Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $12,911 2771 Susquehanna Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $12,878 2772 Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania $12,863 2773 Centerville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $12,860 2774 Leacock Township, Pennsylvania $12,848 2775 Mifflin, Pennsylvania $12,843 2776 Benton, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $12,831 2777 Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania $12,819 2778 Lower Turkeyfoot Township, Pennsylvania $12,812 2779 Porter Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,800 2780 Broad Top City, Pennsylvania $12,788 2781 Frailey Township, Pennsylvania $12,780 2782 Frankfort Springs, Pennsylvania $12,776 2783 Canoe Township, Pennsylvania $12,773 2784 Dawson, Pennsylvania $12,753 2785 New Wilmington, Pennsylvania $12,749 2786 Beaver Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,747 2787 Henderson Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,716 2788 Homestead, Pennsylvania $12,690 2789 Harrisville, Pennsylvania $12,683 2790 Donegal, Pennsylvania $12,656 2791 Jackson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $12,653 2792 Curtin Township, Pennsylvania $12,649 2793 Clinton Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $12,646 2794 Hyde, Pennsylvania $12,645 2795 West Sunbury, Pennsylvania $12,643 2796 Ashville, Pennsylvania $12,640 2797 East Conemaugh, Pennsylvania $12,636 2798 Chapman Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $12,632 2799 Springfield Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $12,608 2800 Jordan Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $12,600 2801 Union City, Pennsylvania $12,599 2802 Madison Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $12,583 2803 Cresson Township, Pennsylvania $12,575 2804 Shenandoah, Pennsylvania $12,562 2805 Harrison Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $12,550 2806 Rimersburg, Pennsylvania $12,549 2807 Sheppton, Pennsylvania $12,547 2808 Mill Village, Pennsylvania $12,529 2809 Green Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,524 2810 Monument, Pennsylvania $12,501 2811 Henry Clay Township, Pennsylvania $12,491 2812 Heilwood, Pennsylvania $12,487 2813 Grindstone-Rowes Run, Pennsylvania $12,486 2814 Donaldson, Pennsylvania $12,455 2815 Bigler Township, Pennsylvania $12,434 2816 Pine Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,404 2817 Redbank Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $12,384 2818 North Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $12,365 2819 Big Run, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,363 2820 Port Trevorton, Pennsylvania $12,363 2821 Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $12,360 2822 Shamokin, Pennsylvania $12,354 2823 Troxelville, Pennsylvania $12,333 2824 Indiana, Pennsylvania $12,317 2825 Markleysburg, Pennsylvania $12,312 2826 Julian, Pennsylvania $12,307 2827 Kingsley Township, Pennsylvania $12,307 2828 Clymer Township, Pennsylvania $12,280 2829 Klingerstown, Pennsylvania $12,276 2830 Modena, Pennsylvania $12,269 2831 Goshen Township, Pennsylvania $12,255 2832 Stewardson Township, Pennsylvania $12,235 2833 Colver, Pennsylvania $12,219 2834 Austin, Pennsylvania $12,210 2835 Edinboro, Pennsylvania $12,209 2836 Hartstown, Pennsylvania $12,199 2837 State College, Pennsylvania $12,155 2838 Altamont, Pennsylvania $12,151 2839 Confluence, Pennsylvania $12,129 2840 Grampian, Pennsylvania $12,127 2841 Scalp Level, Pennsylvania $12,108 2842 Bell Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $12,090 2843 Wilmore, Pennsylvania $12,075 2844 Duquesne, Pennsylvania $12,067 2845 Marion Center, Pennsylvania $12,048 2846 Glen Campbell, Pennsylvania $12,039 2847 Boswell, Pennsylvania $12,036 2848 Rome Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $12,035 2849 Atwood, Pennsylvania $12,026 2850 Oswayo, Pennsylvania $12,018 2851 Montgomery Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,015 2852 Guys Mills, Pennsylvania $11,978 2853 Lock Haven, Pennsylvania $11,948 2854 Rossiter, Pennsylvania $11,931 2855 Marianna, Pennsylvania $11,925 2856 Thompson, Pennsylvania $11,896 2857 Gibson Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $11,888 2858 Harmony Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $11,831 2859 Ursina, Pennsylvania $11,814 2860 Irvona, Pennsylvania $11,785 2861 Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania $11,742 2862 Freeport Township, Pennsylvania $11,731 2863 Renovo, Pennsylvania $11,709 2864 Vintondale, Pennsylvania $11,689 2865 Roseville, Pennsylvania $11,683 2866 York Haven, Pennsylvania $11,676 2867 Brothersvalley Township, Pennsylvania $11,611 2868 Ulysses, Pennsylvania $11,602 2869 Newton Hamilton, Pennsylvania $11,584 2870 Wallaceton, Pennsylvania $11,571 2871 St. Clairsville, Pennsylvania $11,542 2872 Foster Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $11,538 2873 Nemacolin, Pennsylvania $11,501 2874 Millstone Township, Pennsylvania $11,462 2875 Alba, Pennsylvania $11,453 2876 Rainsburg, Pennsylvania $11,448 2877 East Fork, Pennsylvania $11,447 2878 Greenville Township, Pennsylvania $11,445 2879 Hopewell, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $11,438 2880 Utica, Pennsylvania $11,435 2881 Hector Township, Pennsylvania $11,408 2882 Buck Run, Pennsylvania $11,397 2883 Kistler, Pennsylvania $11,365 2884 Mahaffey, Pennsylvania $11,320 2885 Pleasantville, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $11,312 2886 East Fallowfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $11,233 2887 Mill Creek, Pennsylvania $11,177 2888 Slippery Rock Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $11,129 2889 Findley Township, Pennsylvania $11,052 2890 Mansfield, Pennsylvania $11,042 2891 Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania $11,037 2892 Penns Creek, Pennsylvania $11,029 2893 Sparta Township, Pennsylvania $10,998 2894 Reade Township, Pennsylvania $10,989 2895 Colley Township, Pennsylvania $10,979 2896 Ernest, Pennsylvania $10,951 2897 Garrett, Pennsylvania $10,935 2898 Westover, Pennsylvania $10,866 2899 Clarion, Pennsylvania $10,832 2900 Grapeville, Pennsylvania $10,824 2901 Chest Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $10,760 2902 Lincolnville, Pennsylvania $10,659 2903 McNett Township, Pennsylvania $10,556 2904 Springhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $10,364 2905 Bear Lake, Pennsylvania $10,329 2906 Menno Township, Pennsylvania $10,303 2907 Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania $10,247 2908 Coaldale, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $10,072 2909 Burnside, Pennsylvania $9,993 2910 Rankin, Pennsylvania $9,946 2911 Locustdale, Pennsylvania $9,945 2912 Lafayette Township, Pennsylvania $9,699 2913 Brady Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $9,624 2914 Shade Gap, Pennsylvania $9,557 2915 Commodore, Pennsylvania $9,502 2916 New Washington, Pennsylvania $9,121 2917 Cold Spring Township, Pennsylvania $8,792 2918 Shippensburg Township, Pennsylvania $8,712 2919 Smithfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $8,109 2920 Conneaut Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $7,971 2921 Loretto, Pennsylvania $7,125 2922 West Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $6,907 2923 Atlantic, Pennsylvania $6,534 2924 Howe Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $5,223", "South Carolina __knowledge__ South Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia, across the Savannah River, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution, on May 23, 1788.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ South Carolina became the first state which voted to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ After the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25, 1868.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state.", "South Carolina __knowledge__ Its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3.13%." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "People v. Croswell __knowledge__ The People of the State of New York v. Harry Croswell (3 Johns.", "People v. Croswell __knowledge__ Cas.", "People v. Croswell __knowledge__ 337 N.Y. 1804), commonly known and cited as People v. Croswell, is an important case in the evolution of United States defamation law.", "People v. Croswell __knowledge__ It was a criminal libel case brought against a Federalist journalist named Harry Croswell for his statements about a number of public officials, including then-President Thomas Jefferson.", "People v. Croswell __knowledge__ Croswell was initially convicted in Columbia County court, where the jury was instructed to consider only the question of fact before them, as to whether Croswell had been the one to publish the statements at issue under a pseudonym.", "Thornton Hall __knowledge__ Thornton Hall Private School (also known as \"Thornton Hall\" and \"Thornton\") was an incorporated Canadian co-educational private high school that operated for half a century from 1948 to 1997.", "Thornton Hall __knowledge__ It was founded by Stuart Edward Mackey.", "Thornton Hall __knowledge__ Stuart Mackey graduated from high school during the Great Depression and while he wanted to pursue a post secondary education that would lead to a career as a psychiatrist, the world economy and financial constraints made such a course impossible.", "Thornton Hall __knowledge__ Instead, he went into teaching in the Peterborough Teachers' College.", "Thornton Hall __knowledge__ Graduating on July 16, 1934 he subsequently assumed a teaching post in Haliburton, Ontario for several years.", "New England (band) __knowledge__ New England is an American rock band that was mainly active from 1978–1982.", "New England (band) __knowledge__ The group is best known in the US for their first single, \"Don't Ever Wanna Lose Ya\", which received heavy radio exposure on Album-oriented rock (AOR) stations and reached #40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in 1979.", "New England (band) __knowledge__ The follow up \"Hello, Hello, Hello\" also received some airplay.", "New England (band) __knowledge__ New England described their sound as \"power-melodic-googang-song-oriented rock\" New England started their career as Carot Time Cornucopia and soon thereafter renamed themselves The Fossils, playing a mixture of \"jazz funk and progressive music, kind of like everyone in mid 1970s\".", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ New York Mills is a village in Oneida County, New York, USA.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ The population was 3,308 at the 2015 census.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ The Village of New York Mills is partly in the Town of Whitestown and partly in the Town of New Hartford.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ It is a western suburb of the City of Utica.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ There were three mills which gave the village its name.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ They dated from around 1808 and closed in the 1950s.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ The Middle Mill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.", "New York Mills, New York __knowledge__ \"New York Mills (Images of America)\" () by James S. Pula and Eugene E. Dziedzic provide a detailed history on the village in their book: New York Mills, named for the textile factories that were once the backbone of the surrounding villages economy, ranked among the foremost producers of quality fabrics in the country.", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ Cylons are a fictional artificially-intelligent \"species\" envisioned in the \"Battlestar Galactica\" science fiction series and related franchises.", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ Originally created to serve human needs like other machines, a series of events involving the transfer of a human's consciousness into a Cylon's neural network led Cylons to evolve into sentient, self-aware beings.", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ The original Cylons were purely mechanical.", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ The Cylon was reimagined in the second \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series and its prequel \"Caprica.\"", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ The first configurations (Centurions) were robots.", "Cylon (reimagining) __knowledge__ Others were cyborgs whose different configurations incorporated biological elements, including some that were nearly indistinguishable from humans.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ Honduras was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes, the most powerful of which were the Maya.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ The western-central part of Honduras was inhabited by the Lenca.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ These autonomous groups had their conflicts but maintained their commercial relationships with each other and with other populations as distant as Panama and Mexico.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ On July 30, 1502, Christopher Columbus first saw Honduran soil and he claimed the territory in the name of his sovereigns, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ He named the area \"Honduras\" (meaning \"depths\") for the deep water off the coast.", "History of Honduras (to 1838) __knowledge__ In 1523 the first expeditionary forces arrived under the command of Gil Gonzales de Avila, who hoped to rule the new territory.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.", "Conurbation __knowledge__ The term \"conurbation\" was coined in 1915 by Patrick Geddes in his book \"Cities In Evolution\".", "Conurbation __knowledge__ He drew attention to the ability of the then new technology of electric power and motorised transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as examples \"Midlandton\" in England, the Ruhr in Germany, Randstad in the Netherlands and North Jersey in the United States.", "California __knowledge__ California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.", "California __knowledge__ With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area.", "California __knowledge__ The state capital is Sacramento.", "California __knowledge__ The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively.", "California __knowledge__ Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City.", "California __knowledge__ California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States, encompassing five counties in southern California, extending from Ventura County in the west to San Bernardino County and Riverside County on the east, with Los Angeles County in the center and Orange County to the southeast.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of nearly 13 million residents.", "Greater Los Angeles __knowledge__ Meanwhile, the larger metropolitan region's population at the 2010 census was estimated to be over 17.8 million residents, and a 2015 estimate reported a population of about 18.7 million.", "Berlin __knowledge__ Berlin (, ) is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its 16 constituent states.", "Berlin __knowledge__ With a steadily growing population of approximately 3.7 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper in the European Union behind London and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.", "Berlin __knowledge__ Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations.", "Berlin __knowledge__ Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Mexico (; ; , ), officially the United Mexican States (, ), is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.", "Mexico __knowledge__ It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.", "Mexico __knowledge__ Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), the nation is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world.", "Mexico __knowledge__ With an estimated population of over 120 million, the country is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world while being the second most populous nation in Latin America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S.", "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") have been created worldwide.", "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ On the occasion of the Exposition Universelle of 1900, Bartholdi crafted a smaller version of the Statue of Liberty, which he subsequently gave to the Musée du Luxembourg.", "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ In 1905, the statue was placed outside the museum in the Jardin du Luxembourg, where it stood for over a century, until 2014.", "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ It currently stands within the entrance hall to the Musée d'Orsay, and a newly constructed bronze replica stands in its place in the Jardin du Luxembourg.", "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ This statue was given in 1889 to France by U.S. citizens living in Paris to celebrate the French Revolution three years after the main statue in New York was inaugurated.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty spanned from 1984 to 1986.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\" by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi) is a colossal monument on Liberty Island in New York Harbor and is a part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ Much of the restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, owing largely to the fact that metallurgical repair work on such a scale had never been attempted before.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ Many professional scientists and engineers, government organizations and various consultants were called in to evaluate and deal with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ The \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise contains many characters that appear in one or more works.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar (birth name: Milo) is a fictional character in the \"\"Planet of the Apes\" franchise\".", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He is the leader and later ruler of the apes in both the original and the 2011 reboot series.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He does not appear in the 2001 film.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar is the son of talking chimpanzees Cornelius and Zira.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Originally named Milo after Dr. Milo, who travelled back in time with Cornelius and Zira to the Earth of Taylor's era, he was reared by his human foster father Armando, a traveling circus owner who gave Cornelius and Zira sanctuary when Zira went into labor in the final act of \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\".", "USS Liberty incident __knowledge__ The USS \"Liberty\" incident was an attack on a United States Navy technical research ship, , by Israeli Air Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy motor torpedo boats, on 8 June 1967, during the Six-Day War.", "USS Liberty incident __knowledge__ The combined air and sea attack killed 34 crew members (naval officers, seamen, two marines, and one civilian), wounded 171 crew members, and severely damaged the ship.", "USS Liberty incident __knowledge__ At the time, the ship was in international waters north of the Sinai Peninsula, about northwest from the Egyptian city of Arish.", "USS Liberty incident __knowledge__ Israel apologized for the attack, saying that the USS \"Liberty\" had been attacked in error after being mistaken for an Egyptian ship.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ New York Minute is a 2004 American teen comedy film starring Mary-Kate Olsen, Ashley Olsen and Eugene Levy.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Dennie Gordon and released on May 7, 2004.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ In the film Mary-Kate and Ashley play twins with opposing personalities who have a series of misadventures around New York City.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ \"New York Minute\" reunited Mary-Kate and Ashley with their \"Full House\" co-star, Bob Saget.", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was the Olsen twins' first theatrical film release since 1995's \"It Takes Two\".", "New York Minute (film) __knowledge__ It was also the last film featured by Olsen twins, and the last film released by Dualstar Entertainment before it went into dormancy.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ Roma Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase taken to mean \"Rome capital of the world\" (literally: \"head of the world\"; see capital, capitol).", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ It originates out of a classical European understanding of the known world: Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ The influence of Rome in the ancient world began to grow around the 2nd century BC as the Republic expanded across Southern Europe and North Africa.", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ For the next five centuries, Rome would govern much of the known world (of traditional Greco-Roman geography).", "Caput Mundi __knowledge__ The cultural influence of the local language of Rome (Latin) as well as Roman art, architecture, law, religion and philosophy was immense.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Frederick Sewards Trueman, OBE (6 February 19311 July 2006) was an English cricketer who later became a popular broadcaster.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler who played for Yorkshire and England.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Trueman is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest bowlers in cricket history, and was the first bowler to take 300 wickets in Test cricket.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Along with Brian Statham, Trueman opened the England bowling for many years, forming one of the most famous bowling partnerships in Test cricket history.", "Fred Trueman __knowledge__ Although best known for his feats with the ball, Trueman was also an outstanding fielder, especially at leg slip, and a useful late order batsman who made three first-class centuries.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The 2015 Giro d'Italia began on 9 May, and stage 12 occurred on 21 May.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The 12th stage of the Giro features another chance for the Classics specialists to take a stage victory.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The first 129 kilometers of the stage is entirely flat before the riders tackle three categorized climbs on the route - the fourth category Castelnuovo, the third category Crosara and the fourth category Monte Berico.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ Along with the three climbs, the uncategorized climb of Perarolo is also located on the route.", "2015 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 21 __knowledge__ The ascent of Monte Berico starts at around 1 kilometer from the finish, averaging 7.1 per cent and going all the way to the finish." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 ]	[ "Me too ,I'm a new yorker ! New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area", "More so, its one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "Its a city with fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "S.L is a is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New Yor" ]	[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]
[ "Japan", "Wow that is a lot of islands! Do you know which one is the biggest?", "Oh yes I recognize the names now. What is the largest volcano on the island?", "Ok gotcha. Being an American, I always think of Hawaii when it comes to volcanoes and earthquakes- but Japan has its share also I guess.", "Interesting. It would seem to me that they could work as allies if they wanted to at that close proximity. " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan ( \"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in East Asia.", "Japan __knowledge__ Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.", "Japan __knowledge__ The kanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often called the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one.", "Japan __knowledge__ The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.", "Japan __knowledge__ Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population.", "Japan __knowledge__ About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.", "Japan __knowledge__ Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period.", "Japan __knowledge__ The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan ( \"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in East Asia.", "Japan __knowledge__ Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.", "Japan __knowledge__ The kanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often called the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one.", "Japan __knowledge__ The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.", "Japan __knowledge__ Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population.", "Japan __knowledge__ About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.", "Japan __knowledge__ Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period.", "Japan __knowledge__ The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The conservative Women for the Wall, sometimes abbreviated as W4W, is a grassroots organization founded in April 2013, concerned with preserving Jewish tradition at the Western Wall, also known as the Kotel.", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ The catalyst for the founding of Women for the Wall was lack of representation for the stand of traditional Jewish women in the controversy surrounding an alternative prayer group known as Women of the Wall (WoW).", "Women for the Wall __knowledge__ In the months leading to the establishment of W4W, Women of the Wall demanded to hold their services in the traditional women's section, rather than the Robinson's Arch area of the Kotel, where alternative prayer services are held.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD is an online retailer, offering Games, CD, DVD, Books and Cosmetics.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ Similar to Amazon.com, it offers websites in and ships from multiple countries including: UK, USA, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Japan and Germany.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD offers free shipping worldwide on all products except cosmetics which attract a handling fee.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ WOW HD is owned and operated by Élan Media Partners.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ They have offices in Sydney, Melbourne and Hong Kong and operate in 15 countries, hosting its servers in Australia and Jersey in the Channel Islands.", "WOW HD __knowledge__ They have 70 staff worldwide.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a volcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ It lies between 24° to 46° north latitude and from 123° to 146° east longitude.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of the Korean Peninsula, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east-northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The closest neighboring country to Japan is Russia.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The major islands, sometimes called the \"Home Islands\", are (from north to south) Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku and Kyushu.", "Irredentism __knowledge__ Irredentism (from Italian \"irredento\" for \"unredeemed\") is any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy an area that the movement's members consider \"lost\" or \"unredeemed\".", "Irredentism __knowledge__ These territorial claims are justified on the basis of real or imagined national and historic (an area formerly part of that state) or ethnic (an area inhabited by that nation or ethnic group) affiliations.", "Irredentism __knowledge__ It is often advocated by nationalist and pan-nationalist movements and has been a feature of identity politics and cultural and political geography.", "Irredentism __knowledge__ An area that may be subjected to a potential claim is sometimes called an irredenta.", "Japanese archipelago __knowledge__ The is the group of islands that forms the country of Japan, and extends roughly from northeast to southwest along the northeastern coast of the Eurasia mainland, washing upon the northwestern shores of the Pacific Ocean.", "Japanese archipelago __knowledge__ It consists of islands from the Sakhalin island arc and the Northeastern Japan arc.", "Japanese archipelago __knowledge__ The term \"Home Islands\" was used at the end of World War II to define the area of Japan to which its sovereignty and the constitutional rule of the Emperor would be restricted.", "Japanese archipelago __knowledge__ The term is also commonly used today to distinguish the archipelago from Japan's colonies and other territories in the first half of the 20th century.", "Outline of Japan __knowledge__ The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Japan: Japan – an island nation in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean.", "Outline of Japan __knowledge__ It lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south.", "Outline of Japan __knowledge__ The characters that make up Japan's name mean \"sun-origin\" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Outline of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands.", "Outline of Japan __knowledge__ The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which together comprise about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ Conquistadors (from Portuguese or Spanish \"conquistadores\" \"conquerors\"; , , ) is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.", "Conquistador __knowledge__ Portugal established a route to China in the early 16th century, sending ships via the southern coast of Africa and founding numerous coastal enclaves along the route.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century) is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and was the beginning of globalization.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ It also marks the rise of the period of widespread adoption in Europe of colonialism and mercantilism as national policies.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ Many lands previously unknown to Europeans were discovered by them during this period, though most were already inhabited.", "Age of Discovery __knowledge__ From the perspective of many non-Europeans, the Age of Discovery marked the arrival of invaders from previously unknown continents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan ( \"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in East Asia.", "Japan __knowledge__ Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.", "Japan __knowledge__ The kanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often called the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one.", "Japan __knowledge__ The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.", "Japan __knowledge__ Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population.", "Japan __knowledge__ About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.", "Japan __knowledge__ Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period.", "Japan __knowledge__ The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD.", "Newberry Volcano __knowledge__ Newberry Volcano (also known as Newberry Caldera) is a large active shield-shaped stratovolcano located east of the major crest of the Cascade Range and about south of Bend, Oregon, within the Newberry National Volcanic Monument.", "Newberry Volcano __knowledge__ The largest volcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, it has roughly the same area as the state of Rhode Island at when its lava flows are taken into account.", "Newberry Volcano __knowledge__ From its northernmost to southernmost point, the volcano is in length, with a width of and a total volume of approximately .", "Newberry Volcano __knowledge__ It was named for the geologist and surgeon John Strong Newberry, who explored central Oregon for the Pacific Railroad Surveys in 1855, and the area surrounding the volcano has been inhabited by Native American populations for more than 10,000 years.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ Tenerife (; ) is the largest and most populated island of the seven Canary Islands.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ It is also the most populated island of Spain, with a land area of and 898,680 inhabitants, 43 percent of the total population of the Canary Islands.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ Tenerife is the largest and most populous island of Macaronesia.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ About five million tourists visit Tenerife each year, the most visited island of the archipelago.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ It is one of the most important tourist destinations in Spain and the world.", "Tenerife __knowledge__ Tenerife hosts one of the world's largest carnivals and the Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife is working to be designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Mauna Loa ( or ; Hawaiian: ; ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth, dwarfed only by Tamu Massif.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately , although its peak is about lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Mauna Loa has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years, and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ Alba Mons (formerly known as Alba Patera, a term that has since been restricted to the volcano's summit caldera) is an immense, low-lying volcano located in the northern Tharsis region of the planet Mars.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ It is the largest volcano on Mars in terms of area, with volcanic flow fields that extend for at least from its summit.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ Although the volcano has a span comparable to that of the United States, it reaches an elevation of only at its highest point.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ This is about one-third the height of Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano on the planet.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ The flanks of Alba Mons have very gentle slopes.", "Alba Mons __knowledge__ The average slope along the volcano's northern (and steepest) flank is 0.5°, which is over five times lower than the slopes on the other large Tharsis volcanoes.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ They are named for their low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This is caused by the highly fluid (low viscosity) lava they erupt which travels farther than lava erupted from stratovolcanoes.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ This results in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ The shape of shield volcanoes is due to the low viscosity of their mafic lava.", "Shield volcano __knowledge__ Shield volcanoes are built by effusive eruptions, which flow out in all directions to create a shield like that of a warrior.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ The United States military air campaign waged against Japan began in earnest in mid-1944 and intensified during the war's last months.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a volcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ It lies between 24° to 46° north latitude and from 123° to 146° east longitude.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of the Korean Peninsula, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east-northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The closest neighboring country to Japan is Russia.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The major islands, sometimes called the \"Home Islands\", are (from north to south) Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku and Kyushu.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ The common minke whale or northern minke whale (\"Balaenoptera acutorostrata\") is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry.", "Common minke whale __knowledge__ There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere.", "Honshu __knowledge__ Honshu (, ) is the largest and most populous island of Japan, located south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Straits.", "Honshu __knowledge__ The island separates the Sea of Japan, which lies to its north and west, from the North Pacific Ocean to its south and east.", "Honshu __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian island of Java.", "Honshu __knowledge__ Honshu had a population of 103 million , mostly concentrated in the coastal lowlands, notably in the Kantō plain where 25% of the total population resides in the Greater Tokyo Area.", "Typhoon Mireille __knowledge__ Typhoon Mireille, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rosing, was the costliest typhoon on record, striking Japan in September 1991.", "Typhoon Mireille __knowledge__ The 20th named storm of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season, Mireille formed on September 13 from the monsoon trough near the Marshall Islands.", "Typhoon Mireille __knowledge__ It moved westward for several days as a small system, steered by the subtropical ridge to the north.", "Typhoon Mireille __knowledge__ The storm rapidly intensified to typhoon status on September 16, and several days later passed north of Saipan in the Northern Marianas Islands.", "Typhoon Mireille __knowledge__ Mireille intensified further after deleterious effects from a nearby tropical storm subsided.", "History of rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ The history of rail transport in Japan began in the late Edo period.", "History of rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ There have been four main stages: The development of the Japanese railway network commenced shortly after the country opened its borders to formal international contact after a Shogunate-imposed isolation of ~250 years, and was initiated (along with many other changes to Japanese society at the time) so that Japan could achieve rapid modernization.", "History of rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ Though rail transport had been known through limited foreign contact such as with Dutch traders in Dejima, Nagasaki, the impact of model railroads brought by foreigners such as Yevfimy Putyatin and Matthew Calbraith Perry was huge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan ( \"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in East Asia.", "Japan __knowledge__ Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.", "Japan __knowledge__ The kanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often called the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one.", "Japan __knowledge__ The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.", "Japan __knowledge__ Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population.", "Japan __knowledge__ About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.", "Japan __knowledge__ Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period.", "Japan __knowledge__ The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ In a horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and plate movements.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ It has 452 volcanoes (more than 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes).", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The Ring of Fire is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.", "Ring of Fire __knowledge__ The next most seismically active region (5–6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world's largest earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which extends from Java to the northern Atlantic Ocean via the Himalayas and southern Europe.", "Lōʻihi Seamount __knowledge__ Lōihi Seamount (also known as Lōʻihi) is an active submarine volcano about off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii.", "Lōʻihi Seamount __knowledge__ The top of the seamount is about below sea level.", "Lōʻihi Seamount __knowledge__ This seamount is on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth.", "Lōʻihi Seamount __knowledge__ Lōihi, meaning \"long\" in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over northwest of Lōʻihi.", "Lōʻihi Seamount __knowledge__ Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Lōʻihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary.", "Hawaii hotspot __knowledge__ The Hawaii hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located near the namesake Hawaiian Islands, in the northern Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii hotspot __knowledge__ One of the most well-known and heavily studied hotspots in the world, the Hawaii plume is responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain, a chain of volcanoes over 5,800 kilometres (3,600 mi) long.", "Hawaii hotspot __knowledge__ Four of these volcanoes are active, two are dormant, and more than 123 are extinct, many having since been ground beneath the waves by erosion as seamounts and atolls.", "Hawaii hotspot __knowledge__ The chain extends from south of the island of Hawaii to the edge of the Aleutian Trench, near the eastern edge of Russia.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii ( ; ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over .", "Hawaii __knowledge__ At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii.", "Volcano __knowledge__ A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.", "Volcano __knowledge__ Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle.", "Volcano __knowledge__ Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater.", "Volcano __knowledge__ For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Volcanology of Canada includes lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes, and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ It has a very complex volcanological history spanning from the Precambrian eon at least 3.11 billion years ago when this part of the North American continent began to form.", "Volcanology of Canada __knowledge__ Although the country's volcanic activity dates back to the Precambrian eon, volcanism continues to occur in Western and Northern Canada where it forms part of an encircling chain of volcanoes and frequent earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Mauna Loa ( or ; Hawaiian: ; ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth, dwarfed only by Tamu Massif.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately , although its peak is about lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.", "Mauna Loa __knowledge__ Mauna Loa has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years, and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ At , Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.", "Indonesia __knowledge__ With over floor(/1e6) million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country.", "Honshu __knowledge__ Honshu (, ) is the largest and most populous island of Japan, located south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Straits.", "Honshu __knowledge__ The island separates the Sea of Japan, which lies to its north and west, from the North Pacific Ocean to its south and east.", "Honshu __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian island of Java.", "Honshu __knowledge__ Honshu had a population of 103 million , mostly concentrated in the coastal lowlands, notably in the Kantō plain where 25% of the total population resides in the Greater Tokyo Area.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ The United States military air campaign waged against Japan began in earnest in mid-1944 and intensified during the war's last months.", "Sakhalin __knowledge__ Sakhalin (, ), previously also known as , is a large Russian island in the North Pacific Ocean, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N. It is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast.", "Sakhalin __knowledge__ Sakhalin, which is about one third the size of Honshu, is just off the east coast of Russia, and just north of Japan.", "Sakhalin __knowledge__ The population was 497,973 as of the 2010 census, made up of mostly ethnic Russians and a smaller Korean community.", "Sakhalin __knowledge__ The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu, Oroks and Nivkhs.", "Sakhalin __knowledge__ Sakhalin was claimed by both Russia and Japan over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ McArthur Lake is located in Northern Ontario, about 40 km south of the city of Timmins.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ It is located about 10 km south southeast of Papakomeka Lake.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ The lake consists of 13 islands, three main peninsulas and three main bays.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ The lake lies in Timiskaming District.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ Over 20 camps and cottages are built on the west side of McArthur Lake.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ Popular sports here include fishing for pickerel (walleye) and Northern pike as well as kayaking or boating.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ Blueberry Island is the home to the only blueberries in the lake's region.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ The climate is very harsh; very few deciduous trees are found here.", "McArthur Lake __knowledge__ Most of the waterfront is rocky.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a volcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ It lies between 24° to 46° north latitude and from 123° to 146° east longitude.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of the Korean Peninsula, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east-northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The closest neighboring country to Japan is Russia.", "Geography of Japan __knowledge__ The major islands, sometimes called the \"Home Islands\", are (from north to south) Hokkaido, Honshu (the \"mainland\"), Shikoku and Kyushu.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ Severnaya Zemlya ( (Northern Land), ) is a archipelago in the Russian high Arctic.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ It lies off Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, separated from the mainland by the Vilkitsky Strait.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ This archipelago separates two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Kara Sea in the west and the Laptev Sea in the east.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ Severnaya Zemlya was first noted in 1913 and first charted in 1930–32, making it the last sizeable archipelago on Earth to be explored.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ Administratively, the islands form part of Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai federal subject.", "Severnaya Zemlya __knowledge__ In Soviet times there were a number of research stations in different locations, but currently there are no human inhabitants in Severnaya Zemlya except for the Prima Polar Station near Cape Baranov." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan ( \"Nippon\" or \"Nihon\" ; formally \"\" or \"Nihon-koku\", meaning \"State of Japan\") is a sovereign island nation in East Asia.", "Japan __knowledge__ Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and China in the southwest.", "Japan __knowledge__ The kanji, or Sino-Japanese characters, that make up Japan's name mean \"sun origin\", and it is often called the \"Land of the Rising Sun\".", "Japan __knowledge__ Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area and often are referred to as home islands.", "Japan __knowledge__ The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one.", "Japan __knowledge__ The population of 127 million is the world's tenth largest.", "Japan __knowledge__ Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan's total population.", "Japan __knowledge__ About 9.1 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.", "Japan __knowledge__ Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period.", "Japan __knowledge__ The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ In keeping with German signals practice since 1942, the term \"communication intelligence\" () had been used when intercept units were assigned to observe both enemy \"radio and wire\" communication.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ When the observation of only enemy \"radio\" communication was undertaken, the term \"radio intelligence\" ().", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ The term \"intercept service\" () was also used up until 1942.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ Towards the end of World War II, about 12,000 troopers of the German Army were engaged in intercepting the radio traffic of an increasingly powerful adversary.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The Iroquois ( or ) or Haudenosaunee () are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ They were known during the colonial years to the French as the \"Iroquois League\", and later as the \"Iroquois Confederacy\", and to the English as the \"Five Nations\" (before 1722), and later as the \"Six Nations\", comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The Iroquois have absorbed many other peoples into their cultures as a result of warfare, adoption of captives, and by offering shelter to displaced peoples.", "Iroquois __knowledge__ The historic Erie, Susquehannock, Wyandot (Huron), and St. Lawrence Iroquoians, all independent peoples, spoke Iroquoian languages.", "Plautus __knowledge__ Titus Maccius Plautus (c. 254 – 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period.", "Plautus __knowledge__ His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety.", "Plautus __knowledge__ He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by the innovator of Latin literature, Livius Andronicus.", "Plautus __knowledge__ The word Plautine refers to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.", "Plautus __knowledge__ Not much is known about Titus Maccius Plautus' early life.", "Plautus __knowledge__ It is believed that he was born in Sarsina, a small town in Emilia Romagna in northern Italy, in around 254 BC.", "Plautus __knowledge__ According to Morris Marples, Plautus worked as a stage-carpenter or scene-shifter in his early years.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.", "On the Origin of Species __knowledge__ Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the \"Beagle\" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner (* 3 February 1908 in Augsburg, Bavaria) was a German, Luftwaffe radar and radio intercept specialist, before and during the time of World War II and who became Chief Signals Officer of the Luftnachrichten Abteilung 352, the Signals intelligence agency, whose task was the mapping and interception of communication intelligence of Allied Air Forces in the Mediterranean area.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Ferdinand Feichtner was responsible for a number of innovations in cryptanalysis, radio, radar, D/F and communication intelligence during the interwar period.", "Ferdinand Feichtner __knowledge__ Note:This article has been largly written by Feichtner, with some updates to change the voice, and respect to modernity.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ The relations between Germany and Japan (, ) were officially established in 1861 with the first ambassadorial visit to Japan from Prussia (which predated the formation of the German Empire in 1866/1870).", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ Japan modernized rapidly after the Meiji Restoration of 1867, often using German models through intense intellectual and cultural exchange.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ After 1900 Japan aligned itself with Britain, and Germany and Japan were enemies in World War I. Japan declared war on the German Empire in 1914 and seized key German possessions in China and the Pacific.", "Germany–Japan relations __knowledge__ In the 1930s, both countries adopted aggressive militaristic attitudes toward their respective regions.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ British–American relations, also referred to as Anglo-American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners.", "United Kingdom–United States relations __knowledge__ The two nations are bound together by shared history, an overlap in religion and a common language and legal system, and kinship ties that reach back hundreds of years, including kindred, ancestral lines among English Americans, Scottish Americans, Welsh Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans and American Britons respectively.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis powers (, , \"Sūjikukoku\"), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term \"Axis\".", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I.", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I.", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I.", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ For the following era see International relations (1919–1939).", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ The major allied players included Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (starting in 1915) and the United States (from 1917).", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ The major Central Powers included Germany and the Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).", "Diplomatic history of World War I __knowledge__ Other countries—and their colonies—were also involved.", "Ukraine __knowledge__ Ukraine ( ; ), sometimes incorrectly refered to as the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.", "Ukraine __knowledge__ Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian.", "Ukraine __knowledge__ Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii ( ; ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over .", "Hawaii __knowledge__ At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii." ] ]	[ 4, 5, 68, 75, 44 ]	[ "Japan consists of 6,852 islands called a stratovolcanic archipelago.", "There are four that are the largest. They are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. The make up 79% of Japans and area.", "That I am unaware of, Honshu is the largest of all the islands and is the 7th largest island in the world.", "Yes, they do. Japan is closer to Russia than any other country, even closer than Hawaii", "One would think, they however became allies with Germany, their relationship started in 1861." ]	[ "Japan", "Japan", "Japan", "Japan", "Japan" ]
[ "Marriage", "Oh God no! I can't stay tied down to one woman. Why would you want to do that?", "My ex told me she wouldn't have sexual relations with me unless I married her. I told her to hit the road.", "Can't I just marry multiple women at once?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld gods are the fictional deities from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series of fantasy novels.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld, being a flat disc supported on the backs of four elephants on top of a giant flying turtle, exists in a region of the universe where reality is somewhat less consistent than it appears in our own, more mundane corner of existence.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Because reality on the Disc is so fragile and malleable, belief has a tendency to take on a life of its own, and gods are far more obvious to the people of the Disc than they appear to us.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Gods are everywhere on the Discworld, a crucial element of the world's peculiar ecology that gives power to belief and demands resolution to any and all narratives.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ This story forms the basis for the traditional Navajo way of life.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The basic outline of begins with the (Holy Wind) being created, the mists of lights which arose through the darkness to animate and bring purpose to the four (Holy People), supernatural and sacred in the different three lower worlds.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ All these things were spiritually created in the time before the Earth existed and the physical aspect of humans did not exist yet, but the spiritual did.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The First or Dark World, , was small and centered on an island floating in the middle of four seas.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The inhabitants of the first world were the four , the two Coyotes, the four rulers of the four seas, mist beings and various insect and bat people, the latter being the Air-Spirit People.", "Shoelaces __knowledge__ Shoelaces, also called shoestrings (US English) or bootlaces (UK English), are a system commonly used to secure shoes, boots and other footwear.They typically consist of a pair of strings or cords, one for each shoe, finished off at both ends with stiff sections, known as aglets.", "Shoelaces __knowledge__ Each shoelace typically passes through a series of holes, eyelets, loops or hooks on either side of the shoe.", "Shoelaces __knowledge__ Loosening the lacing allows the shoe to open wide enough for the foot to be inserted or removed.", "Shoelaces __knowledge__ Tightening the lacing and tying off the ends secures the foot within the shoe.", "Shoelaces __knowledge__ Traditional shoelaces were made of leather, cotton, jute, hemp, or other materials used in the manufacture of rope.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ Lucy Maud Montgomery, (November 30, 1874 – April 24, 1942), published as L.M.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ Montgomery, was a Canadian author best known for a series of novels beginning in 1908 with \"Anne of Green Gables\".", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ The book was an immediate success.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ The central character, Anne Shirley, an orphaned girl, made Montgomery famous in her lifetime and gave her an international following.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ The first novel was followed by a series of sequels with Anne as the central character.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ Montgomery went on to publish 20 novels as well as 530 short stories, 500 poems, and 30 essays.", "Lucy Maud Montgomery __knowledge__ Most of the novels were set in Prince Edward Island, and locations within Canada's smallest province became a literary landmark and popular tourist site – namely Green Gables farm, the genesis of Prince Edward Island National Park.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Kumayl bin Ziyad an-Nakha'i () was among the most loyal companions of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Moreover, Kumayl occupies a prominent position in Sunni Islam.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Converting to Islam during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad, he rose to a position of prominence during the caliphates of Uthman and Ali.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ In the caliphate of Ali, Kumayl flourished and served him in the most disciplined of ways.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ However, he is recognized for his pious and humble nature as well as preserving Imam Ali's teachings.", "Kumayl ibn Ziyad __knowledge__ Kumayl is best known for the \"du'a\" (supplication) of Prophet Khidr, which is commonly known by the name \"du'a Kumayl.\"", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ \"One Woman Army\" is a 2014 song by American recording artist Porcelain Black.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ The song was set to appear on her debut album \"Mannequin Factory\", though the album has since been cancelled.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ It was produced by the artist's long-time collaborator RedOne.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ \"One Woman Army\" was released as a single on the iTunes Store on 5 March 2014 in France.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ An EP containing three remixes of \"One Woman Army\" was released on through iTunes on 8 April 2014.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ \"One Woman Army\" peaked at 14 on the French Singles Chart, and topped the country's iTunes chart, becoming her first number-one hit.", "One Woman Army (Porcelain Black song) __knowledge__ The song was also a top-forty hit in Belgium and Spain.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Marriage in the Catholic Church, also called matrimony, is the \"covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring\", and which \"has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptised.\"", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ Catholic matrimonial law, based on Roman law regarding its focus on marriage as a free mutual agreement or contract, became the basis for the marriage law of all European countries, at least up to the Reformation.", "Marriage in the Catholic Church __knowledge__ The \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" states: \"The intimate community of life and love which constitutes the married state has been established by the Creator and endowed by him with its own proper laws.", "Fornication __knowledge__ Fornication is generally consensual sexual intercourse between two people not married to each other.", "Fornication __knowledge__ When one of the partners to consensual sexual intercourse is a married person, it may be described as adultery.", "Fornication __knowledge__ For many people, the term carries an overtone of moral or religious disapproval, but the significance of sexual acts to which the term is applied varies between religions, societies and cultures.", "Fornication __knowledge__ In modern usage, the term is often replaced with a more judgment-neutral term like \"extramarital sex\".", "Fornication __knowledge__ In the original Greek version of the New Testament, the Greek term \"porneia\" (πορνεία) (or its variants) is used 25 times.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ This article summarizes the same-sex marriage laws of states and similar jurisdictions in the United States.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Via the case \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States legalized same-sex marriage in a decision that applies nationwide, with the possible exception of American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Same-sex marriages are currently licensed and recognized in all U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia, excepting the aforementioned American Samoa and some Native American tribal jurisdictions.", "Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state __knowledge__ Texts: ALABAMA CONSTITUTION - Amendment 774.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Conversely, \"illegitimacy \" (or \"bastardy\") has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, or love child, when such a distinction has been made from other children.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Depending on local legislation, legitimacy can affect a child's rights of inheritance to the putative father's estate and the child's right to bear the father's surname or hereditary title.", "Legitimacy (family law) __knowledge__ Illegitimacy has also had consequences for the mother's and child's right to support from the putative father.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults are commonly available in industrialized countries, and are becoming more common throughout the world.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape create controversial statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are unreliable or misleading.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ In some jurisdictions, male-female rape is the only form of rape counted in the statistics.", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ Countries may not define forced sex on a spouse as \"rape\".", "Rape statistics __knowledge__ The Centers for Disease Control and prevention maintains statistics for the US." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent vary by jurisdiction across Europe.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent are currently set between 14 and 18.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The vast majority of countries set their ages in the range of 14 to 16; only five countries, Cyprus (17), Ireland (17), Malta (18), Turkey (18) and Vatican City (18), do not fit into this pattern.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The laws can also stipulate the specific activities that are permitted or differentially specify the age at which a given sex can participate.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The highlighted age is that at which, or above which, an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is also at or above that age.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ Interracial marriage is a form of exogamy that involves a marriage between spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In the past, it was outlawed in the United States of America and in South Africa.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ It was formally declared legal in the United States in 1967 when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case \"Loving v. Virginia\" that race-based restrictions on the set of individuals whom an individual is eligible to marry violate the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution.", "Interracial marriage __knowledge__ In English, an \"interracial marriage\" refers to the institution of marriage, including childless marriages.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Miscegenation (; from the Latin \"miscere\" \"to mix\" + \"genus\" \"kind\") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as \"interracial\", \"interethnic\", or \"cross-cultural\" are more common in contemporary usage.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ The term \"miscegenation\" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.", "Adultery __knowledge__ Adultery (from Latin \"adulterium\") is extramarital sex that is considered objectionable on social, religious, moral, or legal grounds.", "Adultery __knowledge__ Though what sexual activities constitute adultery varies, as well as the social, religious, and legal consequences, the concept exists in many cultures and is similar in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.", "Adultery __knowledge__ A single act of sexual intercourse is generally sufficient to constitute adultery, and a more long-term sexual relationship is sometimes referred to as an affair.", "Adultery __knowledge__ Historically, many cultures have considered adultery to be a very serious crime.", "Adultery __knowledge__ Adultery often incurred severe punishment, usually for the woman and sometimes for the man, with penalties including capital punishment, mutilation, or torture.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery __knowledge__ \"Thou shalt not commit adultery\", one of the Ten Commandments, is found at of the Tanakh and Old Testament.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery __knowledge__ What constitutes adultery is not defined in this passage of the Bible, and has been the subject of debate within Judaism and Christianity.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery __knowledge__ Several incidents in the Genesis narrative demonstrate that adultery was understood to be a natural phenomenon.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery __knowledge__ These occur in the times of the Patriarchs over a span of about 200 years, the last one occurring more than 400 years before the giving of the law through Moses.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery __knowledge__ In Genesis 12, Abram’s wife Sarai is taken into the Egyptian Pharaoh’s palace after Abram does not disclose her marital status.", "Islamic sexual jurisprudence __knowledge__ Islamic sexual jurisprudence concerns the Islamic laws of sexuality in Islam, as largely predicated on the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad (\"hadith\") and the rulings of religious leaders' (\"fatwa\") confining sexual activity to marital relationships between men and women.", "Islamic sexual jurisprudence __knowledge__ While most traditions discourage celibacy, all encourage strict chastity and modesty with regard to any relationships between genders, holding forth that their intimacy as perceived within Islamencompassing a swath of life broader than sexual activityis largely reserved for marriage.", "Islamic sexual jurisprudence __knowledge__ This sensitivity to gender difference and modesty outside of marriage can be seen in current prominent aspects of Islam, such as interpretations of Islamic dress and degrees of gender segregation.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence, is, collectively, violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ Sometimes considered a hate crime, this type of violence targets a specific group with the victim's gender as a primary motive.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly because they are women.", "Violence against women __knowledge__ The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women states, \"violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women\" and \"violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men.\"", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is a form of domestic violence and sexual abuse.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Although, historically, sexual intercourse within marriage was regarded as a right of spouses, engaging in the act without the spouse's consent is now widely recognized by law and society as a wrong and as a crime.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is recognized as rape by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions, and increasingly criminalized.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more specifically, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality __knowledge__ Societal attitudes toward homosexuality vary greatly in different cultures and different historical periods, as do attitudes toward sexual desire, activity and relationships in general.", "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality __knowledge__ All cultures have their own values regarding appropriate and inappropriate sexuality; some sanction same-sex love and sexuality, while others may disapprove of such activities in part.", "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality __knowledge__ As with heterosexual behaviour, different sets of prescriptions and proscriptions may be given to individuals according to their gender, age, social status or social class.", "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality __knowledge__ Many of the world's cultures have, in the past, considered procreative sex within a recognized relationship to be a sexual norm—sometimes exclusively so, and sometimes alongside norms of same-sex love, whether passionate, intimate or sexual.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ \"Witchcraft\" is a broad term that varies culturally and societally, and thus can be difficult to define with precision, therefore cross-cultural assumptions about the meaning or significance of the term should be applied with caution.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ Witchcraft often occupies a religious divinatory or medicinal role, and is often present within societies and groups whose cultural framework includes a magical world view.", "Witchcraft __knowledge__ The concept of witchcraft and the belief in its existence have persisted throughout recorded history.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ A shaman ( or ) is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters into a trance state during a ritual, and practices divination and healing.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ The word \"shaman\" probably originates from the Tungusic Evenki language of North Asia.", "Shamanism __knowledge__ According to ethnolinguist Juha Janhunen, \"the word is attested in all of the Tungusic idioms\" such as Negidal, Lamut, Udehe/Orochi, Nanai, Ilcha, Orok, Manchu and Ulcha, and \"nothing seems to contradict the assumption that the meaning 'shaman' also derives from Proto-Tungusic\" and may have roots that extend back in time at least two millennia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity.", "Marriage __knowledge__ When defined broadly, marriage is considered a cultural universal.", "Marriage __knowledge__ A marriage ceremony is known as a wedding.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Whom they marry may be influenced by socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice and individual desire.", "Marriage __knowledge__ In some areas of the world, arranged marriage, child marriage, polygamy, and sometimes forced marriage, may be practiced as a cultural tradition.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Polygamy (from Late Greek , \"polygamía\", \"state of marriage to many spouses\") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ Like \"monogamy\", the term \"polygamy\" is often used in a \"de facto\" sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognises the relationship.", "Polygamy __knowledge__ In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use \"polygamy\" in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Miscegenation (; from the Latin \"miscere\" \"to mix\" + \"genus\" \"kind\") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as \"interracial\", \"interethnic\", or \"cross-cultural\" are more common in contemporary usage.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ The term \"miscegenation\" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Polygyny (; from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from - \"poly-\" \"many\", and \"gyne\" \"woman\" or \"wife\") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Most countries that permit polygamy are Muslim-majority countries in which polygyny is the only form permitted.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ Polyandry is illegal in virtually every state of the world.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ In some countries where polygamy is illegal, and sometimes even when legal, at times it is known for men to have one or more mistresses, whom they do not marry.", "Polygyny __knowledge__ The status of a mistress is not that of a wife, and any children born of such relationships were and some still are considered illegitimate and subject to legal disadvantage.", "Hmong customs and culture __knowledge__ The Hmong people are an ethnic group currently native to several countries, believed to have come from the Yangtze river basin area in southern China.", "Hmong customs and culture __knowledge__ The Hmong are known in China as the \"Miao\" which encompasses all the subgroups of Hmong.", "Hmong customs and culture __knowledge__ There is debate about usage of this term, especially amongst Hmong living in the West, as it is believed by some to be derogatory, although Hmong living in China still call themselves by this name.", "Hmong customs and culture __knowledge__ Chinese scholars have recorded contact with the Miao as early as the 3rd century BCE, and wrote of them that they were a proud and independent people.", "Hmong customs and culture __knowledge__ However, after the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty attempted to impose several new taxation systems and continued expansion of their empire, the Hmong are reported to have rebelled.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ It's True!", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ It's True!", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ (1969) is the ninth comedy album by Bill Cosby.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ It was his last for Warner Bros. Records.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ It was recorded live at Harrah's, Lake Tahoe, Nevada.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ Due to a musician's strike, Cosby got extra stage time at Harrah's, much of which was captured on this album.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ It features Cosby performing stand-up comedy on topics including women, helicopters, ants, burlesque, gambling, the toxic drug Spanish fly, and pontificating about sovereign states outside the United States.", "It's True! It's True! __knowledge__ The album was released in 1969, and reached the 21st spot on the R&B Albums chart, and was 37th on The Billboard 200 the same year.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ William Frederick Slocum, Jr. (born Grafton, Massachusetts, 29 July 1851; died 1934) was a United States educator.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ In 1917 he was forced to retire as President of Colorado College after an investigation confirmed the accusations of multiple women that he had sexually harassed and sexually assaulted them.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ He was the son of William F. Slocum, a Boston lawyer, and Margaret Tinker.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ He graduated from Amherst College in 1874.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ In 1874 and 1875, he was a newspaper correspondent in England and Germany.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ By 1876, he was at Andover Theological Seminary, where he graduated in 1878.", "William F. Slocum __knowledge__ He held Congregational pastorates at Amesbury, Massachusetts (1878–83), where in 1880 he married Mary Goodall Montgomery, and in Baltimore, Maryland (1883–88).", "Human mating strategies __knowledge__ In evolutionary psychology and behavioral ecology, human mating strategies are a set of behaviors used by individuals to attract, select, and retain mates.", "Human mating strategies __knowledge__ Mating strategies overlap with reproductive strategies, which encompass a broader set of behaviors involving the timing of reproduction and the trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring (see life history theory).", "Human mating strategies __knowledge__ Relative to other animals, human mating strategies are unique in their relationship with cultural variables such as the institution of marriage.", "Human mating strategies __knowledge__ Humans may seek out individuals with the intention of forming a long-term intimate relationship, marriage, casual relationship, or friendship.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin Air Force Base, a United States Air Force base located southwest of Valparaiso, Florida, was established in 1935 as the Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ It is named in honor of Lieutenant Colonel Frederick I. Eglin (1891–1937), who was killed in a crash of his Northrop A-17 pursuit aircraft on a flight from Langley to Maxwell Field, Alabama.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Eglin is the home of the Air Armament Center (AAC) and is one of three product centers in the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC).", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ Valparaiso Airport was created in 1933, when an arrowhead-shaped parcel of was cleared for use as an airdrome.", "History of Eglin Air Force Base __knowledge__ In 1931, the Air Corps Tactical School, newly relocated to Maxwell Field, Alabama, sought a location for a bombing and gunnery range.", "Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ Arranged marriages are believed to have initially risen to prominence in the Indian subcontinent when the historical Vedic religion gradually gave way to classical Hinduism (the ca.", "Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ 500 BCE period), substantially displacing other alternatives that were once more prominent.", "Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ In the urban culture of modern India, the differentiation between arranged and love marriages is increasingly seen as a \"\"false dichotomy\"\" with the emergence of phenomena such as \"self-arranged marriages\" and free-choice on the part of the prospective spouses.", "Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent __knowledge__ The Indian subcontinent has historically been home to a wide variety of wedding systems.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ It is also an area of study and research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Generally, interpersonal communication research has contributed to at least six distinct categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication, 2) the processes of message production, 3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ The Shidduch (, pl.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ shidduchim , Aramaic ) is a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to one another in Orthodox Jewish communities for the purpose of marriage.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ In strictly Orthodox Jewish circles, dating is limited to the search for a marriage partner.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ Both sides (usually the singles themselves, parents, close relatives or friends of the persons involved) make inquiries about the prospective partner, e.g.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ on his/her character, intelligence, level of learning, financial status, family and health status, appearance and level of religious observance.", "Shidduch __knowledge__ A \"shidduch\" often begins with a recommendation from family members, friends or others who see matchmaking as a mitzvah, or commandment.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Public displays of affection (PDA) are acts of physical intimacy in the view of others.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ What is an acceptable display of affection varies with respect to culture and context.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Displays of affection in a public place, such as the street, are more likely to be objected to, than similar practices in a private place with only people from a similar cultural background present.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Some organizations have rules limiting or prohibiting public displays of affection.", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ Physical affection has been defined as \"any touch intended to arouse feelings of love in the giver and/or the recipient.\"", "Public display of affection __knowledge__ \"Get a room\" is a phrase that is usually said when one feels a sense of disapproval after seeing what they consider to be an excessive public display of affection." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 45, 9 ]	[ "Marriage is weird because the idea of commitment freaks me out! The definition of marriage is called matrimony or wedlock, basically being locked with another person...", "I know right? Most people consider marriage to be involving 2 people but in certain parts of the world that varies between cultures and religions, so it doesn't seem so bad!", "Yeah that's why I recommend light dating where that is when two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the others suitability as a prospective partner.", "Well, technically I think so. That is called polygamy which is the practice of marrying multiple spouses, you dirty boy." ]	[ "Marriage", "Marriage", "Marriage", "Marriage" ]
[ "Dirty Harry\nDirty Harry is my favorite movie", "I do but Dirty Harry is my all time favorite", "Yes and I loved Clint Eastwood in it as well", "Do you know what year the movie came out?", "Yes I could not remember the year but that sounds about right" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is an American film series featuring fictional San Francisco Police Department Homicide Division Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan who is notorious for being extremely violent and ruthless in his methods, and a danger for any partner assigned to him.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Actor Clint Eastwood portrayed Callahan in all five of the series' films.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" (1971) was directed by Don Siegel and starred Clint Eastwood as Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Harry tracks serial killer Scorpio (loosely based on the Zodiac killer).", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Eastwood's iconic portrayal of the blunt-speaking, unorthodox detective set the style for a number of his subsequent roles, and its box-office success led to the production of four sequels.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Inspector Harold Francis \"Dirty Harry\" Callahan is a fictional character in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series, encompassing \"Dirty Harry\" (1971), \"Magnum Force\" (1973), \"The Enforcer\" (1976), \"Sudden Impact\" (1983) and \"The Dead Pool\" (1988).", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Callahan is portrayed by Clint Eastwood in each film.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ From his debut, Callahan became the template for a new kind of movie cop: an antihero who does not hesitate to cross professional and ethical boundaries in pursuit of his own vision of justice, especially when the law is poorly served by an inept bureaucracy.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Callahan is often considered a film icon, so much so that his nickname, \"Dirty Harry\", has entered the lexicon as slang for ruthless police officers.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ This article details Clint Eastwood's film career from 1970 to 1979.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western, \"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" with Shirley MacLaine.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film, directed by Siegel, is a story about an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun and aid a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The story was initially written by Budd Boetticher, who was later sacked and replaced with Albert Maltz to revise the script.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Morricone.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ The Enforcer is a 1976 American action thriller and the third in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Directed by James Fargo, it stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan, Tyne Daly as Inspector Kate Moore and DeVeren Bookwalter as terrorist leader/main antagonist Bobby Maxwell.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ It was also the last film in the series to feature John Mitchum as Inspector Frank DiGiorgio.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ In Marin County, two gas company men are lured by a scantily-clad woman (Jocelyn Jones) to a remote spot in Mill Valley and killed by Bobby Maxwell (DeVeren Bookwalter).", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Maxwell's gang, the People's Revolutionary Strike Force (PRSF), plans to use the gas men's uniforms and van as part of an ambitious series of crimes that will make them rich.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ The Dead Pool is a 1988 American action film directed by Buddy Van Horn, written by Steve Sharon, and starring Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It is the fifth and final film in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series, set in San Francisco, California.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ The story concerns the manipulation of a dead pool game by a serial killer, whose efforts are confronted by the hardened detective Callahan.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It co-stars Liam Neeson, Patricia Clarkson and Jim Carrey (in his first action dramatic role), each of whom eventually went on to greater film fame.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It is the only film in the series to not feature Albert Popwell, an actor who had played a different character in each of the previous four films." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is an American film series featuring fictional San Francisco Police Department Homicide Division Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan who is notorious for being extremely violent and ruthless in his methods, and a danger for any partner assigned to him.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Actor Clint Eastwood portrayed Callahan in all five of the series' films.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" (1971) was directed by Don Siegel and starred Clint Eastwood as Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Harry tracks serial killer Scorpio (loosely based on the Zodiac killer).", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Eastwood's iconic portrayal of the blunt-speaking, unorthodox detective set the style for a number of his subsequent roles, and its box-office success led to the production of four sequels.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Inspector Harold Francis \"Dirty Harry\" Callahan is a fictional character in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series, encompassing \"Dirty Harry\" (1971), \"Magnum Force\" (1973), \"The Enforcer\" (1976), \"Sudden Impact\" (1983) and \"The Dead Pool\" (1988).", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Callahan is portrayed by Clint Eastwood in each film.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ From his debut, Callahan became the template for a new kind of movie cop: an antihero who does not hesitate to cross professional and ethical boundaries in pursuit of his own vision of justice, especially when the law is poorly served by an inept bureaucracy.", "Dirty Harry (character) __knowledge__ Callahan is often considered a film icon, so much so that his nickname, \"Dirty Harry\", has entered the lexicon as slang for ruthless police officers.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ This article details Clint Eastwood's film career from 1970 to 1979.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western, \"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" with Shirley MacLaine.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film, directed by Siegel, is a story about an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun and aid a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The story was initially written by Budd Boetticher, who was later sacked and replaced with Albert Maltz to revise the script.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Morricone.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ The Enforcer is a 1976 American action thriller and the third in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Directed by James Fargo, it stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan, Tyne Daly as Inspector Kate Moore and DeVeren Bookwalter as terrorist leader/main antagonist Bobby Maxwell.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ It was also the last film in the series to feature John Mitchum as Inspector Frank DiGiorgio.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ In Marin County, two gas company men are lured by a scantily-clad woman (Jocelyn Jones) to a remote spot in Mill Valley and killed by Bobby Maxwell (DeVeren Bookwalter).", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Maxwell's gang, the People's Revolutionary Strike Force (PRSF), plans to use the gas men's uniforms and van as part of an ambitious series of crimes that will make them rich.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ The Dead Pool is a 1988 American action film directed by Buddy Van Horn, written by Steve Sharon, and starring Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It is the fifth and final film in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series, set in San Francisco, California.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ The story concerns the manipulation of a dead pool game by a serial killer, whose efforts are confronted by the hardened detective Callahan.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It co-stars Liam Neeson, Patricia Clarkson and Jim Carrey (in his first action dramatic role), each of whom eventually went on to greater film fame.", "The Dead Pool __knowledge__ It is the only film in the series to not feature Albert Popwell, an actor who had played a different character in each of the previous four films.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Emraan Hashmi __knowledge__ Emraan Anwar Hashmi (; born 24 March 1979) is an Indian film actor who appears in Hindi films.", "Emraan Hashmi __knowledge__ Through his successful career, Hashmi has received three Filmfare Award nominations and has established himself as one of the most popular and highest-paid actors of Hindi cinema.", "Emraan Hashmi __knowledge__ Emraan Hashmi, part of the Bhatt family was born and raised in Mumbai.", "Emraan Hashmi __knowledge__ After graduating from the University of Mumbai, he worked as an assistant director for the 2002 horror film \"Raaz\" before pursuing a career in acting.", "Emraan Hashmi __knowledge__ The following year, he made his acting debut with a leading role in the crime thriller \"Footpath\", a moderate box office success.", "Criminal responsibility in French law __knowledge__ Criminal responsibility is the obligation in French law to answer for infractions committed and to suffer the punishment provided by the legislation that governs the infraction in question.", "Criminal responsibility in French law __knowledge__ In a democracy citizens have rights but also duties: with freedom comes responsibility.", "Criminal responsibility in French law __knowledge__ Unlike civil liability, the obligation to answer for damage one has caused, either by repairing it or paying damages and interest for it, criminal responsibility implies legal recourse for the state against a disturbance of the peace.", "Criminal responsibility in French law __knowledge__ This includes three major factors: The penal code declares that the authorship of a crime includes not just the person who commits the incriminating act, but also he who in the cases provided by the law, only attempts to commit it.", "Mohanlal __knowledge__ Mohanlal Viswanathan (born 21 May 1960), known mononymously as Mohanlal, is an Indian actor, producer and occasional singer who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema.", "Mohanlal __knowledge__ He has had a prolific career spanning four decades, during which he has acted in more than 300 films.", "Mohanlal __knowledge__ In addition to Malayalam, he has also appeared in other regional Indian films.", "Mohanlal __knowledge__ Mohanlal made his acting debut as a teenager in the Malayalam film \"Thiranottam\" in 1978, but the film was delayed in its release for 25 years due to censorship issues.", "Mohanlal __knowledge__ His screen debut was in the 1980 romance film \"Manjil Virinja Pookkal\", in which he played the villain.", "Thriller film __knowledge__ Thriller film, also known as suspense film or suspense thriller, is a broad film genre that involves excitement and suspense in the audience.", "Thriller film __knowledge__ The suspense element, found in most films' plots, is particularly exploited by the filmmaker in this genre.", "Thriller film __knowledge__ Tension is created by delaying what the audience sees as inevitable, and is built through situations that are menacing or where escape seems impossible.", "Thriller film __knowledge__ The cover-up of important information from the viewer, and fight and chase scenes are common methods.", "Thriller film __knowledge__ Life is typically threatened in thriller film, such as when the protagonist does not realize that they are entering a dangerous situation.", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ Halle Maria Berry (born Maria Halle Berry; August 14, 1966) is an American actress.", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ Berry won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama \"Monster's Ball\" (2001).", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ , she is the only black woman to have won the award.", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ Berry was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed.", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ Berry is also a Revlon spokesmodel.", "Halle Berry __knowledge__ Before becoming an actress, she started modeling and entered several beauty contests, finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986.", "Instant camera __knowledge__ The instant camera is a type of camera which uses self-developing film to create a chemically developed print shortly after taking the picture.", "Instant camera __knowledge__ Polaroid Corporation pioneered (and patented) consumer friendly instant cameras and film, and were followed by various other manufacturers.", "Instant camera __knowledge__ The invention of commercially viable instant cameras, which were easy to use is generally credited to American scientist Edwin Land, who unveiled the first commercial instant camera, the model 95 Land Camera, in 1948, a year after unveiling instant film in New York City.", "Instant camera __knowledge__ The earliest instant camera, which consisted of a camera and portable wet darkroom in a single compartment, was invented in 1923 by Samuel Shlafrock." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ The career of Clint Eastwood in the 1980s included several films, television direction, and a stint in politics.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ In 1980, Eastwood directed and played the main attraction in a traveling Wild West Show in the comedy film, \"Bronco Billy\".", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ His children Kyle and Alison had small roles as orphans.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Eastwood starred alongside Locke, Scatman Crothers, Sam Bottoms, Dan Vadis, Sierra Pecheur and Geoff Lewis.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Filming commenced on October 1, 1979 in the Boise, Idaho area and was shot in five and a half weeks on a low budget of $5 million, two-four weeks before schedule.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Eastwood has cited \"Bronco Billy\" as being one of the most affable shoots of his entire career, and biographer Richard Schickel has argued that the character of Bronco Billy is his most self-referential work.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ This article details Clint Eastwood's film career from 1970 to 1979.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western, \"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" with Shirley MacLaine.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film, directed by Siegel, is a story about an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun and aid a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The story was initially written by Budd Boetticher, who was later sacked and replaced with Albert Maltz to revise the script.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Morricone.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1960s __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Clint Eastwood rose to fame in the Dollars Trilogy which would break him into mainstream cinema in the United States.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1960s __knowledge__ In late 1963, an offer was made to Eastwood's co-star Eric Fleming on \"Rawhide\" to star in an Italian made western, originally to be named \"The Magnificent Stranger\" (\"A Fistful of Dollars\") to be directed in a remote region of Spain by a relative unknown at the time, Sergio Leone.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1960s __knowledge__ However, the money was not much, and Fleming always set his sights high on Hollywood stardom, and rejected the offer immediately.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1960s __knowledge__ A variety of actors, including Charles Bronson, Steve Reeves, Richard Harrison, Frank Wolff, Henry Fonda, James Coburn and Ty Hardin were considered for the main part in the film, and the producers established a list of lesser-known American actors, and asked the aforementioned Richard Harrison for advice.", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood was born May 31, 1930 in San Francisco, California to Clinton Eastwood Sr. and Margaret Ruth (née Runner).", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ He was a large baby at 11 lb 6 oz (5.16 kg) and was named \"Samson\" by the nurses at the St. Francis Hospital.", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Eastwood has English, Scottish, Dutch and Irish ancestry.", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ The elder of two siblings, he has a younger sister, Jeanne Bernhardt, born in 1934.", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ His father worked as a salesman and briefly a detective in San Francisco, according to U.S. Census records, and at different jobs along the West Coast during the 1930s.", "Early life and work of Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ In 1940, the Eastwoods settled in Piedmont, California and did not move again until after Clint reached adulthood.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the film.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ The film co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang and Ahney Her.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's \"Million Dollar Baby\".", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ The film features a large Hmong American cast, as well as one of Eastwood's younger sons, Scott.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Eastwood's oldest son, Kyle, provided the score.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ \"Gran Torino\" opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12, 2008, and later to a worldwide release on January 9, 2009.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Set in Detroit, Michigan, it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer or Zodiac was a serial killer who operated in Northern California from at least the late 1960s to the early 1970s.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer's identity remains unknown.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer originated the name \"Zodiac\" in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers).", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ Zodiac is a 2007 American mystery-thriller film directed by David Fincher.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by James Vanderbilt is based on the 1986 non-fiction book of the same name by Robert Graysmith.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, and Robert Downey, Jr., with Anthony Edwards, Brian Cox, Elias Koteas, Donal Logue, John Carroll Lynch, Dermot Mulroney, and Chloë Sevigny in supporting roles.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ \"Zodiac\" tells the story of the manhunt for a serial killer who called himself the \"Zodiac\" and killed in and around the San Francisco Bay Area during the late 1960s and early 1970s, taunting police with letters, bloodstained clothing, and ciphers mailed to newspapers.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer is a 1971 film directed by Tom Hanson.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Hal Reed, Bob Jones, Ray Lynch and Tom Pittman.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The plot is based on the murders committed by the Zodiac Killer in the San Francisco area, though it takes many liberties with the actual investigation with the film providing a name and back story for the killer.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ In a 2017 interview, Hanson stated that the production of the film was motivated by an elaborate plot to catch the killer, who Hanson reasoned would not be able to resist attending the film's premier.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The film is a highly fictionalized telling of a month in the life of the Zodiac Killer (played by Hal Reed).", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ The Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme is a mock-conspiracy theory popularized on the Internet during Ted Cruz's candidacy for President in 2015–16.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ The internet meme facetiously suggests that United States Senator and former 2016 presidential candidate Ted Cruz was the Zodiac Killer, an unidentified Californian serial killer of the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ Cruz, born 1970, obviously could not have committed these murders, which began before his birth.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ Circulators of the meme do not genuinely believe that he was the Zodiac Killer, citing the absurdity of its premise; NPR wrote that the meme captured \"a feeling they have about Cruz: they think he's creepy.", "Balzac (band) __knowledge__ Balzac (typeset as BALZAC) is a Japanese punk band formed in 1992 in Kyoto.", "Balzac (band) __knowledge__ The band was founded by singer and songwriter Hirosuke Nishiyama, who has remained the only constant member of the band since its creation.", "Balzac (band) __knowledge__ Since the beginning, Balzac was highly influenced by the sound and image of the famous horror punk band The Misfits and, especially during the very early years, Glenn Danzig's Samhain, adopting and combining the musical and visual style of both bands to create their own.", "Balzac (band) __knowledge__ The band often stays away from the \"campy\" horror lyrics and image found in most horror punk bands, as the lyrics by Hirosuke tend to be more like dark poetry and, though not always serious, deal with themes of darkness, loneliness and fear.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Slasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath stalking and murdering several people, usually with bladed tools.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Although the term \"slasher\" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Some critics cite the Italian giallo films and the British-produced psychological thriller or psychological horror films \"Peeping Tom\" (1960) by Michael Powell and \"Psycho\" (1960) by Alfred Hitchcock as the earliest influential \"slasher\" films, and most agree that the genre's peak occurred in American films released during the 1970s and 1980s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ Keyi (, pronounced meaning \"Ship Owner\" in Persian language), (Keyi Muslims) are one of the several denominations among Muslims of Kerala, India.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ The Keyis are known for their immense wealth and land properties acquired through trade with the English East India Company.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ They Keyi family has its roots in Thalassery, Kannur district.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ Keyis only marry from another Keyi family and are noted for their matrilinear system of inheritance.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ Kunhipacki Keyi – the fourth lineal descendant who became the head of this affluent family in 1809 was the first to be addressed with this honorific title.", "Keyi family __knowledge__ His predecessors Aluppy and Moosa started trading with Gujaratis They were addressed by Gujaratis who had trade relations with Thalassery as \"Kakka\" which is also Gujarati word meaning \"Karanavar\", applied to both among elderly or respected person among both Hindus and Muslims.", "The Figurine __knowledge__ The Figurine: Araromire is a 2009 Nigerian supernatural suspense thriller film written by Kemi Adesoye, produced and directed by Kunle Afolayan, who also stars in the film as one of the main protagonists.", "The Figurine __knowledge__ It also stars Ramsey Nouah and Omoni Oboli.", "The Figurine __knowledge__ The movie narrates the story of two friends who finds a mystical sculpture in an abandoned shrine in the forest while serving at a National Youth Service Corps camp, and one of them decides to take the artwork home.", "The Figurine __knowledge__ Unknown to them, the sculpture is from the goddess 'Araromire' which bestows seven years of good luck on anyone who encounters it, and after the seven years have expired, seven years of bad luck follow.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature film, \"Frozen\", which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho, with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Walt Disney Animation Studios' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film's executive producer.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, \"The Snow Queen\".", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ Since the film's release in November 2013, the franchise has expanded very rapidly.", "Frozen (franchise) __knowledge__ To date, the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions, merchandise, video games, books, a Disney on Ice show, and a short animated film.", "The Enfields __knowledge__ The Enfields were an American garage rock and psychedelic band from Wilmington, Delaware who were active in the 1960s.", "The Enfields __knowledge__ They were led by guitarist and songwriter Ted Munda, and their style was highly influenced by the British Invasion and folk rock.", "The Enfields __knowledge__ They were considered the top group in Wilmington at the time and enjoyed several local hits, though they failed to reach a wider national audience due to poor Management.", "The Enfields __knowledge__ The Enfields broke up in 1967, but Munda went on to form the group the Friends of the Family.", "The Enfields __knowledge__ Ted was also in the Blues Magoos, wrote for various Publishing companies in LA, was siged to Columbia Records in 1973 with group\" Hotspur\", and co wrote \"Blame It On Love\" for Smokey Robinson in 1983-84 on Motown.", "Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir __knowledge__ Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir (), also known as Journey of a Young Saint is a 2013 Philippine biographical film depicting the life and martyrdom of Saint Pedro Calungsod.", "Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir __knowledge__ Written and directed by Francis O. Villacorta and produced by HPI Synergy Group and Wings Entertainment, is an official entry to the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival, and was released on December 25, 2013.", "Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir __knowledge__ Rocco Nacino stars as Calungsod, who is only the second Filipino canonised by the Catholic Church after Saint Lorenzo Ruíz de Manila.", "Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir __knowledge__ This film serves as a movie adaptation of the docu-drama TV special aired on GMA News TV on October 21, 2012 as the canonization of the said saint where Rocco Nacino reprises his role to the film.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ American Gangster is the tenth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ It was recorded as a concept album—inspired by the 2007 film of the same name—and was released on November 6, 2007, by Roc-A-Fella Records.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ The album features production from Diddy & The Hitmen, Just Blaze, and The Neptunes, among others.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ Guest appearances include Beanie Sigel, Lil Wayne, Pharrell and Nas.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ \"American Gangster\" was released to commercial success, despite being pulled from the iTunes Store at Jay-Z's request, at the time of its initial release.", "American Gangster (album) __knowledge__ It debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 425,861 copies in its first week, while tying Elvis Presley for the second most American number-one albums.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ Rise: Blood Hunter is a 2007 American neo-noir action horror film written and directed by Sebastian Gutierrez.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ The film, starring Lucy Liu and Michael Chiklis, is a supernatural thriller about a reporter (Liu) who wakes up in a morgue to discover she is now a vampire.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ She vows revenge against the vampire cult responsible for her situation and hunts them down one by one.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ Chiklis plays a haunted police detective whose daughter is victimized by the same group and seeks answers for her gruesome death.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ Reporter Sadie Blake has just published a notable article featuring a secret Gothic party scene.", "Rise: Blood Hunter __knowledge__ The very night following the publication, one of Sadie's sources, Tricia Rawlins, is invited by her friend Kaitlyn to an isolated house in which such a party is to take place.", "San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) is the city police department of the City and County of San Francisco, California.", "San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The department's motto is the same as that of the city and county: \"Oro en paz, fierro en guerra\", Spanish for \"Gold in peace, iron in war\".", "San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The SFPD should not be confused with the San Francisco Sheriff's Department, which is another county law enforcement agency within San Francisco.", "San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The SFPD (along with the San Francisco Fire Department and the San Francisco Sheriff's Department) serves an estimated population of 1.2 million, including the daytime-commuter population and the thousands of other tourists and visitors, in the second most densely populated large city in North America.", "San Francisco Patrol Special Police __knowledge__ San Francisco Patrol Special Police is a neighborhood police force authorized in San Francisco's City Charter but not part of the San Francisco Police Department.", "San Francisco Patrol Special Police __knowledge__ Rather they are unsworn officers, private citizens, appointed and regulated by the San Francisco Police Commission after an initial security review by the San Francisco Police Department.", "San Francisco Patrol Special Police __knowledge__ They are assigned, or purchase, a specific area, or beat and charge private clients hourly rates for a variety of services.", "San Francisco Patrol Special Police __knowledge__ The force has been in operation since 1847 during the California Gold Rush.", "San Francisco Patrol Special Police __knowledge__ By current City Code the force provides patrols on the streets of San Francisco as well as at fixed locations, and also provides a range of other safety services as requested by private clients.", "History of the San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The San Francisco Police Department began operations on August 13, 1849 during the Gold Rush under the command of Captain Malachi Fallon.", "History of the San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ At the time, Chief Fallon had a force of one deputy captain, three sergeants and thirty officers.", "History of the San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ In 1851, Albert Bernard de Russailh wrote about the nascent San Francisco police force: As for the police, I have only one thing to say.", "History of the San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ The police force is largely made up of ex-bandits, and naturally the members are interested above all in saving their old friends from punishment.", "History of the San Francisco Police Department __knowledge__ Policemen here are quite as much to be feared as the robbers; if they know you have money, they will be the first to knock you on the head.", "White Night riots __knowledge__ The White Night riots were a series of violent events sparked by an announcement of the lenient sentencing of Dan White for the assassinations of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and of Harvey Milk, a member of the city's Board of Supervisors who was among the first openly gay elected officials in the United States.", "White Night riots __knowledge__ The events took place on the night of May 21, 1979 (the night before what would have been Milk's 49th birthday) in San Francisco.", "White Night riots __knowledge__ Earlier that day, White had been convicted of voluntary manslaughter, the lightest possible conviction for his actions.", "White Night riots __knowledge__ That White was not convicted of first-degree murder (of which he was originally charged) had so outraged the city's gay community that it set off the most violent reaction by gay Americans since the 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York City (which is credited as the beginning of the modern gay rights movement in the United States).", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer or Zodiac was a serial killer who operated in Northern California from at least the late 1960s to the early 1970s.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer's identity remains unknown.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer originated the name \"Zodiac\" in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers).", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced.", "Prentice E. Sanders __knowledge__ Prentice Earl Sanders, also known as Earl Sanders (born October 12, 1937), was a member of the San Francisco Police Department from 1964 through 2003.", "Prentice E. Sanders __knowledge__ He became the first African American chief of that department in 2002.", "Prentice E. Sanders __knowledge__ His tenure was marked by \"Fajitagate\", a scandal over a street brawl involving several officers followed by an impeached investigation, which led to his eventual departure.", "Prentice E. Sanders __knowledge__ Prentice was born in Nacogdoches, Texas, but moved to San Francisco's Laurel Heights to live with an uncle at the age of fourteen after his mother died.", "Prentice E. Sanders __knowledge__ He graduated in 1956 from George Washington High School, where he played football, joined ROTC, and was president of the Eagle Service Society.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ Harvey Bernard Milk (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician and the first openly gay elected official in the history of California, where he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ Although he was the most pro-LGBT politician in the United States at the time, politics and activism were not his early interests; he was neither open about his sexuality nor civically active until he was 40, after his experiences in the counterculture movement of the 1960s.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ In 1972, Milk moved from New York City to the Castro District of San Francisco amid a migration of gay and bisexual men." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Eyewitness memory __knowledge__ Eyewitness memory is a person's episodic memory for a crime or other dramatic event that he or she has witnessed.", "Eyewitness memory __knowledge__ Eyewitness testimony is often relied upon in the judicial system.", "Eyewitness memory __knowledge__ It can also refer to an individual's memory for a face, where they are required to remember the face of their perpetrator, for example.", "Eyewitness memory __knowledge__ However, the accuracy of eyewitness memories is sometimes questioned because there are many factors that can act during encoding and retrieval of the witnessed event which may adversely affect the creation and maintenance of the memory for the event.", "Eyewitness memory __knowledge__ Experts have found evidence to suggest that eyewitness memory is fallible.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Seymour Siegel __knowledge__ Seymour Siegel (September 12, 1927 - February 24, 1988), often referred to as \"an architect of Conservative Jewish theology,\" was an American Conservative rabbi, a Professor of Ethics and Theology at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS), the 1983-1984 Executive Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council,\" and an advisor to three American Presidents, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan.", "Seymour Siegel __knowledge__ Siegel was associated with JTS for 41 years, first as a student and later as an instructor, holding the Ralph Simon Professor of Ethics and Theology chair, succeeding his friend and mentor, Abraham Joshua Heschel, in that position.", "Superman __knowledge__ Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Superman __knowledge__ The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school students living in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1933.", "Superman __knowledge__ They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, in 1938.", "Superman __knowledge__ Superman debuted in \"Action Comics\" #1 (cover-dated June 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games.", "Superman __knowledge__ With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book.", "Superman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the Big Blue Boy Scout, the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and the Last Son of Krypton.", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ Benjamin \"Bugsy\" Siegel (February 28, 1906 – June 20, 1947) was a Jewish American mobster.", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ Siegel was known as one of the most \"infamous and feared gangsters of his day\".", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ Described as handsome and charismatic, he became one of the first front-page celebrity gangsters.", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ He was also a driving force behind the development of the Las Vegas Strip.", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ Siegel was not only influential within the Jewish mob but, like his friend and fellow gangster Meyer Lansky, he also held significant influence within the American Mafia and the largely Italian-Jewish National Crime Syndicate.", "Bugsy Siegel __knowledge__ Siegel was one of the founders and leaders of Murder, Inc. and became a bootlegger during Prohibition.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ In the 1930s, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster developed the fictional comic book character of Superman.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ In 1938, they sold the character to Detective Comics, Inc., the corporate precursor to DC Comics.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ When Superman became a great success, the pair attempted to recover the rights to the character.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ This began a long chain of legal battles over ownership, royalties, and credit that would continue after their deaths.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ In 1935, writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster began working for New York comic-book publisher National Allied Publications, producing detective and adventure comics.", "Superman ownership disputes __knowledge__ Since 1933, the pair had been developing a character called \"Superman\".", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ This article details Clint Eastwood's film career from 1970 to 1979.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western, \"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" with Shirley MacLaine.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film, directed by Siegel, is a story about an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun and aid a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The story was initially written by Budd Boetticher, who was later sacked and replaced with Albert Maltz to revise the script.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Morricone.", "Eli Siegel __knowledge__ Eli Siegel (August 16, 1902 – November 8, 1978) was the poet, critic, and educator who founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that sees reality as the aesthetic oneness of opposites.", "Eli Siegel __knowledge__ An idea central to this philosophy—that every person, place or thing in reality has something in common with all other things—was expressed in his award-winning poem, \"Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana.\"", "Eli Siegel __knowledge__ Two highly acclaimed volumes of poetry were also published during his lifetime, and in 1958, he was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.", "Eli Siegel __knowledge__ Siegel’s philosophic works include \"Self and World: An Explanation of Aesthetic Realism,\" and \"Definitions, and Comment: Being a Description of the World\".", "John Otto Siegel __knowledge__ John Otto Siegel (April 21, 1892 – August 15, 1943) was a United States Navy Boatswain's Mate Second Class who earned the Medal of Honor for extraordinary heroism while serving on board of the during World War I. John Otto Siegel was the adopted son of Julius N. Siegel and Annie Vance, both of Germany.", "John Otto Siegel __knowledge__ John was brought to the US from Germany arriving in New York via Canada in October 1899 with his mother and father.", "John Otto Siegel __knowledge__ They lived for a short time in Winnipeg, Canada where Julius, listed as a Roman Catholic, worked as an architect.", "John Otto Siegel __knowledge__ By 1903, Julius Siegel was living in Milwaukee and still working as an architect." ] ]	[ 1, 3, 2, 1, 5 ]	[ "Then I suppose you must enjoy action crime thriller type films, right?", "I liked that it drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer. It made the movie so interesting.", "Yup he played his role as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector really well.", "It came out in 1971 I think, directed by Don Siegel", "Yep, it was also followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973 and onwards" ]	[ "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry" ]
[ "Comic book", "That's interesting. The only comic book I've read was the parts of The Walking Dead.", "I only read them because I wanted to see if I could find some spoilers for the show !" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead is an American post-apocalyptic horror television series developed by Frank Darabont for AMC that is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Andrew Lincoln plays the show's lead character, sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes, who awakens from a coma discovering a world overrun by zombies, commonly referred to as \"walkers\".", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Grimes reunites with his family and becomes the leader of a group he forms with other survivors.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Together they struggle to survive and adapt in a post-apocalyptic world filled with walkers and opposing groups of survivors, who are often more dangerous than the walkers themselves.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ \"Days Gone Bye\" is the first episode of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 31, 2010.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by Frank Darabont, the series creator.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Robert Kirkman, the creator of the eponymous series of comic books, considered the idea of creating a television show based on the comic series, but did not move forward.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Frank Darabont expressed interest in developing the series for television.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In January 2010, AMC formally announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series adapted from \"The Walking Dead\" comic book.", "The Walking Dead (video game) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead (also known as The Walking Dead: The Game and The Walking Dead: Season One) is an episodic interactive drama graphic adventure survival horror video game developed and published by Telltale Games.", "The Walking Dead (video game) __knowledge__ Based on \"The Walking Dead\" comic book series, the game consists of five episodes, released between April and November 2012.", "The Walking Dead (video game) __knowledge__ It is available for Android, iOS, Kindle Fire HDX, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.", "The Walking Dead (video game) __knowledge__ The game is the first of \"The Walking Dead\" video game series published by Telltale.", "The Walking Dead (video game) __knowledge__ The game takes place in the same fictional world as the comic, with events occurring shortly after the onset of the zombie apocalypse in Georgia.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of \"The Walking Dead\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 31, 2010, and concluded on December 5, 2010, consisting of 6 episodes.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ Developed for television by Frank Darabont, who wrote or co-wrote four of the season's six episodes and directed the pilot episode, \"Days Gone Bye\", the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ It was executive produced by Darabont, Kirkman, David Alpert, Charles H. Eglee, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Darabont assuming the role of showrunner.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ The season received very positive reviews by critics.", "The Walking Dead (franchise) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead is a media franchise created by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore including a comic book series, two television series, six novels, video games, and various other media such as audio books and sound tracks.", "The Walking Dead (franchise) __knowledge__ \"The Walking Dead\" is a monthly black-and-white comic book series chronicling the travels of Rick Grimes, his family, and other survivors of a zombie apocalypse.", "The Walking Dead (franchise) __knowledge__ First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the series was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore (who was later replaced by Charlie Adlard from issue #7 onward, though Moore continued to do the covers through issue #24.)", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Andrea is a fictional character from the comic book series \"The Walking Dead\" and is portrayed by Laurie Holden in the American television series of the same name.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ The character was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, and debuted in \"The Walking Dead \"#2 in 2003.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In both mediums, she and her younger sister are among a group of survivors near Atlanta, Georgia.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In the comic book series, Andrea is a 25-year-old law firm clerk who develops from an insecure and inexperienced young woman into a mature and hardened warrior, having killed more than any other character.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ She forms a relationship and raises a short-lived family with moral compass Dale, while becoming the group's primary sharpshooter and, later, a main instigator in the war against the infamous tyrant, Negan.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead is an ongoing black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the zombie apocalypse.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the comic is written by Kirkman with art by Moore (issues No.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ 1–6) and Charlie Adlard (issue No.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Dutch comics are comics made in the Netherlands.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ In Dutch the most common designation for the whole art form is \"strip\" (though the old-fashioned expression \"beeldverhaal\" – \"picture story\" – remains utilized on occasion, particularly in formal texts and treatises on the subject matter), while the word \"comic\" is used for the (usually) soft cover American style comic book format, typically containing translated US superhero material.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ This use of the in colloquial Dutch adopted English word for that format can cause confusion in English language texts.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Since the Netherlands share the same language with Flanders, many Belgian comics and Franco-Belgian comics have also been published there, the latter in translation.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For characters exclusive to the \"DuckTales\" franchise, see List of \"DuckTales\" characters.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This section contains a list of characters with the surname \"Duck\" who are not related to Donald.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ As Don Rosa explained, \"Duck\" is an common name in Duckburg (just as \"Smith\" or \"Jones\" are common in the real-life United States) and does not necessarily identify a blood relation of Donald.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ Franco-Belgian comics (; ) are comics that are created for French-Belgian (Wallonia) and/or French readership.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ These countries have a long tradition in comics and comic books, where they are known as \"BD\"s, an abbreviation of \"bandes dessinées\" (literally \"drawn strips\") in French and \"stripverhalen\" (literally \"strip stories\") or simply \"strips\" in Dutch.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ In Europe, the French language is spoken natively not only in France but also by about 40% of the population of Belgium, 16% of the population of Luxembourg, and about 20% of the population of Switzerland.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ The shared language creates an artistic and commercial market where national identity is often blurred.", "Harvey Kurtzman __knowledge__ Harvey Kurtzman (; October 3, 1924 – February 21, 1993) was an American cartoonist and editor.", "Harvey Kurtzman __knowledge__ His best-known work includes writing and editing the parodic comic book \"Mad\" from 1952 until 1956, and writing the \"Little Annie Fanny\" strips in \"Playboy\" from 1962 until 1988.", "Harvey Kurtzman __knowledge__ His work is noted for its satire and parody of popular culture, social critique, and attention to detail.", "Harvey Kurtzman __knowledge__ Kurtzman's working method has been likened to that of an auteur, and he expected those who illustrated his stories to follow his layouts strictly.", "Harvey Kurtzman __knowledge__ Kurtzman began to work on the New Trend line of comic books at EC Comics' in 1950." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters.", "Spoiler (media) __knowledge__ A spoiler is an element of a disseminated summary or description of any piece of fiction that reveals any plot elements which threaten to give away important details.", "Spoiler (media) __knowledge__ Typically, the details of the conclusion of the plot, including the climax and ending, are especially regarded as spoiler material.", "Spoiler (media) __knowledge__ It can also be used to refer to any piece of information regarding any part of a given media that a potential consumer would not want to know beforehand.", "Spoiler (media) __knowledge__ Because enjoyment of fiction depends a great deal upon the suspense of revealing plot details through standard narrative progression, the prior revelation of how things will turn out can \"spoil\" the enjoyment that some consumers of the narrative would otherwise have experienced.", "Spoiler (aeronautics) __knowledge__ In aeronautics, a spoiler (sometimes called a lift spoiler or lift dumper) is a device intended to intentionally reduce the lift component of an airfoil in a controlled way.", "Spoiler (aeronautics) __knowledge__ Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to \"spoil\" it.", "Spoiler (aeronautics) __knowledge__ By so doing, the spoiler creates a controlled stall over the portion of the wing behind it, greatly reducing the lift of that wing section.", "Spoiler (aeronautics) __knowledge__ Spoilers differ from airbrakes in that airbrakes are designed to increase drag without affecting lift, while spoilers reduce lift as well as increasing drag.", "Spoiler (aeronautics) __knowledge__ Spoilers fall into two categories: those that are deployed at controlled angles during flight to increase descent rate or control roll, and those that are fully deployed immediately on landing to greatly reduce lift (\"lift dumpers\") and increase drag.", "Spoiler (car) __knowledge__ A spoiler is an automotive aerodynamic device whose intended design function is to 'spoil' unfavorable air movement across a body of a vehicle in motion, usually described as turbulence or drag.", "Spoiler (car) __knowledge__ Spoilers on the front of a vehicle are often called air dams.", "Spoiler (car) __knowledge__ Spoilers are often fitted to race and high-performance sports cars, although they have become common on passenger vehicles as well.", "Spoiler (car) __knowledge__ Some spoilers are added to cars primarily for styling purposes and have either little aerodynamic benefit or even make the aerodynamics worse.", "Spoiler (car) __knowledge__ The term \"spoiler\" is often mistakenly used interchangeably with \"wing\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Specimens of Middle Cornish texts are given here in Cornish and English.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Both texts have been dated within the period 1370-1410 and the \"Charter Fragment\" is given in two Cornish orthographies.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ (Earlier examples of written Cornish exist but these are the first in continuous prose or verse.)", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ It was not until the reign of Athelstan that the Cornish kings became subject to the rulers of Wessex: even so the border was established irrevocably on the east bank on the Tamar and in ecclesiastical matters Cornwall was added to the territory of the Bishops of Sherborne.", "Early Cornish texts __knowledge__ Under Canute it ceased to be subject to the King of England and only later, at an unknown date in Edward the Confessor's reign was annexed again.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ Double Dare is an American television game show, produced by Mark Goodson—Bill Todman Productions, that ran from 1976 to 1977 on CBS.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ Alex Trebek was the host, with Johnny Olson and later Gene Wood announcing.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ The show was created by Jay Wolpert.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ Two contestants, each in separate isolation booths, attempted to correctly identify a person, place or thing based on one-sentence clues that were given to them, one at a time, on an electronic gameboard.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ The correct response was shown to the home audience before the first clue was given.", "Double Dare (CBS game show) __knowledge__ A maximum of 10 clues were played per subject, typically starting with obscure pieces of trivia and progressing toward more widely-known facts.", "Robert Kirkman __knowledge__ Robert Kirkman (born November 30, 1978) is an American comic book writer best known for creating \"The Walking Dead\" and \"Invincible\" for Image Comics, in addition to writing \"Ultimate X-Men\" and \"Marvel Zombies\" for Marvel Comics.", "Robert Kirkman __knowledge__ He has also collaborated with Image Comics co-founder Todd McFarlane on the series \"Haunt\".", "Robert Kirkman __knowledge__ He is one of the five partners of Image Comics, and the only one of the five who was not one of its co-founders.", "Robert Kirkman __knowledge__ Robert Kirkman was born November 30, 1978, in Lexington, Kentucky, and was raised in Cynthiana, Kentucky.", "Robert Kirkman __knowledge__ Robert Kirkman's first comic book work was the 2000 superhero parody \"Battle Pope\", which he co-created with artist Tony Moore, self-published under the Funk-O-Tron label, and was adapted into a season of 8 animated webisodes that appeared on Spike TV's website in 2008.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead is an ongoing black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ After joining with other survivors, including his loved ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the zombie apocalypse.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the comic is written by Kirkman with art by Moore (issues No.", "The Walking Dead (comic book) __knowledge__ 1–6) and Charlie Adlard (issue No.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of \"The Walking Dead\", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 31, 2010, and concluded on December 5, 2010, consisting of 6 episodes.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ Developed for television by Frank Darabont, who wrote or co-wrote four of the season's six episodes and directed the pilot episode, \"Days Gone Bye\", the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ It was executive produced by Darabont, Kirkman, David Alpert, Charles H. Eglee, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Darabont assuming the role of showrunner.", "The Walking Dead (season 1) __knowledge__ The season received very positive reviews by critics.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Andrea is a fictional character from the comic book series \"The Walking Dead\" and is portrayed by Laurie Holden in the American television series of the same name.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ The character was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, and debuted in \"The Walking Dead \"#2 in 2003.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In both mediums, she and her younger sister are among a group of survivors near Atlanta, Georgia.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In the comic book series, Andrea is a 25-year-old law firm clerk who develops from an insecure and inexperienced young woman into a mature and hardened warrior, having killed more than any other character.", "Andrea (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ She forms a relationship and raises a short-lived family with moral compass Dale, while becoming the group's primary sharpshooter and, later, a main instigator in the war against the infamous tyrant, Negan.", "Invincible (comics) __knowledge__ Invincible is an series named for its superhero, \"Invincible\" (\"Mark Grayson\").", "Invincible (comics) __knowledge__ Created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Cory Walker, Invincible first appeared in \"Tech Jacket\" #1 (November 2002), before graduating to his own self-titled regular series in 2003, as the premier title in Image's then-new superhero line.", "Invincible (comics) __knowledge__ Invincible is the teenaged son of Omni-Man, an extraterrestrial superhero of the Viltrumite race.", "Invincible (comics) __knowledge__ Invincible inherited his father’s superhuman strength and ability to fly and he has sworn to protect the Earth.", "Invincible (comics) __knowledge__ He has had trouble adjusting to his newfound powers and coping with the reality of his origins.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ \"Days Gone Bye\" is the first episode of the post-apocalyptic horror television series \"The Walking Dead\".", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 31, 2010.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by Frank Darabont, the series creator.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Robert Kirkman, the creator of the eponymous series of comic books, considered the idea of creating a television show based on the comic series, but did not move forward.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ Frank Darabont expressed interest in developing the series for television.", "Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead) __knowledge__ In January 2010, AMC formally announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series adapted from \"The Walking Dead\" comic book.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ The Walking Dead is an American post-apocalyptic horror television series developed by Frank Darabont for AMC that is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Andrew Lincoln plays the show's lead character, sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes, who awakens from a coma discovering a world overrun by zombies, commonly referred to as \"walkers\".", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Grimes reunites with his family and becomes the leader of a group he forms with other survivors.", "The Walking Dead (TV series) __knowledge__ Together they struggle to survive and adapt in a post-apocalyptic world filled with walkers and opposing groups of survivors, who are often more dangerous than the walkers themselves." ] ]	[ 3, 37, 4 ]	[ "I have been really into comic books lately. There's no way I'll get through them all though, seeing as they have been popular in the US since 1930.", "I've read some of those as well! I really liked Robert Kirkman's writing - Tony Moore's art style is undeniable as well.", "That's pretty funny! Speaking of funny, I came across the first modern comic book called the \"Famous Funnies.\" It was first released in 1933! Pretty wild." ]	[ "Comic book", "Comic book", "Comic book" ]
[ "Pet adoption\nI adopted my two pets, I think it's a really important thing to do!", "Yeah, I definitely think we need to make pet adoption more widespread", "That's awesome, I should check it out", "That is both heartwarming and heartbreaking to think of all those animals in shelters" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Pet adoption is the process of taking responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or released to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Common sources for adoptable pets are animal shelters and rescue groups.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some organizations give adopters ownership of the pet, while others use a guardianship model wherein the organization retains some control over the animal's future use or care.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Also available is online pet adoption.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ These sites have databases of pets being housed by thousands of animal shelters and rescue groups, and are searchable by the public.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ They include Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-Pet.com.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ People deal with their unwanted pets in many ways.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some people have the pet euthanized (also known as \"putting it down\" or \"putting it to sleep\"), although many veterinarians do not consider this to be an ethical use of their resources for young and healthy animals, while others argue that euthanasia is a more humane option than leaving a pet in a cage for very long periods of time.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Other people simply release the pet into the wild or otherwise abandon it, with the expectation that it will be able to take care of itself or that it will be found and adopted.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ More often, these pets succumb to hunger, weather, traffic, or common and treatable health problems.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Syed Masood __knowledge__ Syed Masood is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Marc Elliott, and first appeared on screen on 21 April 2009.", "Syed Masood __knowledge__ Syed is a British Pakistani and is the eldest son of Masood Ahmed (Nitin Ganatra) and Zainab Masood (Nina Wadia), and brother of Tamwar (Himesh Patel), Shabnam (Zahra Ahmadi) and Kamil Masood (Arian Chikhlia).", "Syed Masood __knowledge__ Syed's storylines see him fall in love with a man, Christian Clarke (John Partridge), and his eventual acceptance that he is gay.", "Syed Masood __knowledge__ Syed initially marries girlfriend Amira Shah (Preeya Kalidas) but later comes out, and enters a relationship with Christian, despite the pressures of his family and his Muslim faith.", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets is a 1998 children's book written by First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton.", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ It concerns the two pets that lived in the White House during the Clinton administration, Socks the cat and Buddy the dog.", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ The book includes more than 50 letters written to the First Pets by children and more than 80 photographs of Socks and Buddy.", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ Examples of questions that letters asked include, \"Who do you like best?", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ Mr. Clinton?", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ Mrs. Clinton or Chelsea?\"", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ and, \"How do you like being a dog, Buddy?", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ I like being a person.\"", "Dear Socks, Dear Buddy __knowledge__ Socks was also asked if he was allowed to watch MTV and both pets were also asked if they ever got petted by the Spice Girls.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Miracle of Chile __knowledge__ The “Miracle of Chile” was a term used by economist Milton Friedman to describe the reorientation of the Chilean economy in the 1980s and the effects of the economic policies applied by a large group of Chilean economists who collectively came to be known as the Chicago Boys, having studied at the University of Chicago where Friedman taught.", "Miracle of Chile __knowledge__ He said the “Chilean economy did very well, but more importantly, in the end the central government, the military junta, was replaced by a democratic society.", "Miracle of Chile __knowledge__ So the really important thing about the Chilean business is that free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society.” The junta to which Friedman refers was a military government that came to power in a 1973 coup d'état, which came to an end in 1990 after a democratic 1988 plebiscite removed Augusto Pinochet from the presidency.", "Clinton family __knowledge__ The Clinton family is a prominent American political family related to Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States (1993–2001), and his wife Hillary Clinton, the 67th United States Secretary of State (2009–13), Senator from New York (2001–09) and the First Lady of the United States (1993–2001).", "Clinton family __knowledge__ Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 1993 to 2001.", "Clinton family __knowledge__ In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first female presidential nominee from a major political party in United States history.", "Clinton family __knowledge__ The Clintons (Bill and Hillary) are the first married couple to each be nominated for president." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Pet adoption is the process of taking responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or released to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Common sources for adoptable pets are animal shelters and rescue groups.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some organizations give adopters ownership of the pet, while others use a guardianship model wherein the organization retains some control over the animal's future use or care.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Also available is online pet adoption.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ These sites have databases of pets being housed by thousands of animal shelters and rescue groups, and are searchable by the public.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ They include Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-Pet.com.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ People deal with their unwanted pets in many ways.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some people have the pet euthanized (also known as \"putting it down\" or \"putting it to sleep\"), although many veterinarians do not consider this to be an ethical use of their resources for young and healthy animals, while others argue that euthanasia is a more humane option than leaving a pet in a cage for very long periods of time.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Other people simply release the pet into the wild or otherwise abandon it, with the expectation that it will be able to take care of itself or that it will be found and adopted.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ More often, these pets succumb to hunger, weather, traffic, or common and treatable health problems.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. (LCAR) is a non-profit, no-kill animal rescue shelter located in North Pole, Alaska.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ They provide a safe place to care for animals who are unwanted and abandoned.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ LCAR animals are cared for by volunteers who offer their time by providing facility maintenance needs, assist with social media sites, and/or open their homes as animal foster parents.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ The goal of Loving Companions is to promote a better life for animals, and provide the community an alternative to euthanizing unwanted animals.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ LCAR’s promotion of a better life for animals include pet adoption, animal foster care, and providing low-income pet owners with services such as assistance with pet food, free boarding, and more.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-Pet.com is a North America’s largest non-profit pet-adoption web service that advocates pet adoption, gathering information from over 12,000 pet shelters in the U.S. and Canada, and presenting adoptable pet data in a searchable data base to facilitate pet adoption.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-pet.com is registered in Redondo Beach, California, as Humane America Animal Foundation.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ The web site allows people to sign up to receive an email when a pet that satisfies their criteria appears in a local shelter.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-Pet.com also contains information on pet care for first-time pet owners and publishes a newsletter.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Rescue Row is a city block in the Mission District of San Francisco, California where you can find four of San Francisco’s animal rescue & pet adoption organizations in one convenient location.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Rescue Row is the honorary name of the section of Alabama Street between 15th and 16th streets.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Its residing organizations and their respective addresses: San Francisco Animal Care & Control, 1200 15th St., San Francisco SPCA, 201 Alabama St., Muttville Senior Dog Rescue, 255 Alabama St. (First and Second Floors), Northern California Family Dog Rescue, 255 Alabama St. (Third and Fourth Floors).", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ This city block has always been the nickname of the heavy animal welfare location.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Pinky the Cat is a video that aired on several American reality television programs in the 1990s before it achieved additional fame on the Internet as a viral video in the 2000s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video clip shows a cat attacking an animal control officer during a promotional message for pet adoption for an animal shelter in Placer County, California.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video footage was taped by Placer County Animal Control sometime in the early 1990s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The recording was intended as a promotional video for the county's \"Pet of the Week\" pet adoption program.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Sometime before 1992, then police chief Willie Weatherford distributed copies of the tape—which he named \"Pinky the Cat\"—to the media and his friends.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Broadway Barks is an annual animal charity event held in New York City to promote the adoption of shelter animals.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Founded by Bernadette Peters and Mary Tyler Moore, the event has been held every July in Shubert Alley, starting in 1999.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many from Broadway shows, present adoptable cats and dogs, with the participation of many animal groups from the New York City area.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ The event was founded in 1999 by Bernadette Peters with Mary Tyler Moore and others, who wanted to do \"something for the animals\" after a successful fund–raising campaign for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many appearing in Broadway shows, and other celebrities present cats and dogs from New York City and vicinity animal shelters for adoption.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ An animal rescue group or animal rescue organization is dedicated to pet adoption.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ These groups take unwanted, abandoned, abused, or stray pets and attempt to find suitable homes for them.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ Many rescue groups are created by and run by volunteers, who take the animals into their homes and care for them — including training, playing, handling medical issues, and solving behavior problems — until a suitable permanent home can be found.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ Rescue groups exist for most pet types (reptile rescue, \"rabbit rescue\" or \"bird rescue\"), but are most common for dogs and cats.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ For animals with many breeds, rescue groups may specialize in specific breeds or groups of breeds.", "PetSmart __knowledge__ PetSmart Inc. is an American retail chain operating in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico engaged in the sale of specialty animal products and services such as grooming and dog training, cat and dog boarding facilities, and daycare.", "PetSmart __knowledge__ PetSmart also offers a varied selection of animals for sale and adoption such as birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and several breeds of small animals like guinea pigs, chinchillas, gerbils, hamsters, and mice.", "PetSmart __knowledge__ PetSmart was founded in 1986 and opened its first two stores in August 1987 under the name PetFood Warehouse in the Phoenix area.", "PetSmart __knowledge__ In 1989, the name and logo changed from PetFood Warehouse to PetsMart.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Overpopulation in domestic pets refers to a surplus of domestic animals, such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ In the United States, a 6 to 8 million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated 3 to 4 million are subsequently euthanized, including 2.7 million considered healthy and adoptable.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Euthanasia numbers have declined from the 1970s, when U.S. shelters euthanized an estimated 12 to 20 million animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Most humane societies, animal shelters and rescue groups urge animal caregivers to have their animals spayed or neutered to prevent the births of unwanted and accidental litters that could contribute to this dynamic.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ The Puppy Bowl is an annual television program on Animal Planet that mimics an American football bowl game similar to the Super Bowl, using puppies.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ Shown each year on Super Bowl Sunday, the show consists of footage of a batch of puppies at play inside a model stadium, with commentary on their actions.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ The first \"Puppy Bowl\" was shown on February 6, 2005, opposite Super Bowl XXXIX.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ The puppies featured in the \"Puppy Bowl\" are from shelters.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ According to the show's producers, the inspiration for \"Puppy Bowl\" as Super Bowl counterprogramming came from the popular \"Yule Log\" Christmas program.", "Puppy Bowl __knowledge__ Several months of planning occur before each show, which is usually filmed in October." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Pet adoption is the process of taking responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or released to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Common sources for adoptable pets are animal shelters and rescue groups.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some organizations give adopters ownership of the pet, while others use a guardianship model wherein the organization retains some control over the animal's future use or care.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Also available is online pet adoption.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ These sites have databases of pets being housed by thousands of animal shelters and rescue groups, and are searchable by the public.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ They include Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-Pet.com.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ People deal with their unwanted pets in many ways.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some people have the pet euthanized (also known as \"putting it down\" or \"putting it to sleep\"), although many veterinarians do not consider this to be an ethical use of their resources for young and healthy animals, while others argue that euthanasia is a more humane option than leaving a pet in a cage for very long periods of time.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Other people simply release the pet into the wild or otherwise abandon it, with the expectation that it will be able to take care of itself or that it will be found and adopted.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ More often, these pets succumb to hunger, weather, traffic, or common and treatable health problems.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ is an American sketch comedy series created by and starring Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim, which premiered February 11, 2007 on Adult Swim and ran until May 2010.", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ The show features surreal and often satirical humor (at points anti-humor and cringe comedy), public-access television-style musical acts, bizarre faux-commercials with a unique editing and special effects style by Doug Lussenhop to make the show appear camp.", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ The program featured a wide range of actors like Will Ferrell, John C. Reilly, Jeff Goldblum, Zach Galifianakis, Will Forte, Patton Oswalt, Bob Odenkirk, David Cross, Fred Willard, Rainn Wilson, Fred Armisen, Paul Rudd, and Ben Stiller, alternative comedians like Neil Hamburger, former television stars like Alan Thicke, porn stars, celebrity look-alikes, impressionists, and amateur actors found through Craigslist.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ 1000 Awesome Things is a regularly updated, Webby Award winning blog written by Neil Pasricha, who posts one awesome thing in life each weekday.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The site was launched on June 20, 2008 with #1000 Broccoflower and is counting down until it hits #1.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The topics covered on the blog are varied, and range from #981, Wearing underwear just out of the dryer, to #858, The other side of the pillow, and #773, watching your odometer click over a major milestone.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ An awesome thing is posted every weekday and #1 was posted on April 19, 2012.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The website has a live stats counter on it and has approximately 48 million hits.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. (LCAR) is a non-profit, no-kill animal rescue shelter located in North Pole, Alaska.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ They provide a safe place to care for animals who are unwanted and abandoned.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ LCAR animals are cared for by volunteers who offer their time by providing facility maintenance needs, assist with social media sites, and/or open their homes as animal foster parents.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ The goal of Loving Companions is to promote a better life for animals, and provide the community an alternative to euthanizing unwanted animals.", "Loving Companions Animal Rescue, Inc. __knowledge__ LCAR’s promotion of a better life for animals include pet adoption, animal foster care, and providing low-income pet owners with services such as assistance with pet food, free boarding, and more.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-Pet.com is a North America’s largest non-profit pet-adoption web service that advocates pet adoption, gathering information from over 12,000 pet shelters in the U.S. and Canada, and presenting adoptable pet data in a searchable data base to facilitate pet adoption.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-pet.com is registered in Redondo Beach, California, as Humane America Animal Foundation.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ The web site allows people to sign up to receive an email when a pet that satisfies their criteria appears in a local shelter.", "Adopt-a-Pet.com __knowledge__ Adopt-a-Pet.com also contains information on pet care for first-time pet owners and publishes a newsletter.", "Iams __knowledge__ Iams () is a popular brand name for dog food and cat food manufactured by Spectrum Brands in Europe and Mars, Inc worldwide.", "Iams __knowledge__ The company sells pet food for cats and dogs formulated for puppy/kitten, adult and mature.", "Iams __knowledge__ Its products are developed by nutritionists and veterinarians and can be found in three main formulas: ProActive Health, Healthy Naturals and Premium Protection.", "Iams __knowledge__ Veterinary formulas for pets with special dietary requirements are also available.", "Iams __knowledge__ During the 1940s, because pet food was not available in stores, animals were predominantly fed homemade food, usually table scraps.", "Iams __knowledge__ Paul Iams, an animal nutritionist who graduated from Ohio State University in 1938, founded The Iams Company in 1946 in a small feed mill near Dayton.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Broadway Barks is an annual animal charity event held in New York City to promote the adoption of shelter animals.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Founded by Bernadette Peters and Mary Tyler Moore, the event has been held every July in Shubert Alley, starting in 1999.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many from Broadway shows, present adoptable cats and dogs, with the participation of many animal groups from the New York City area.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ The event was founded in 1999 by Bernadette Peters with Mary Tyler Moore and others, who wanted to do \"something for the animals\" after a successful fund–raising campaign for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS.", "Broadway Barks __knowledge__ Performers, many appearing in Broadway shows, and other celebrities present cats and dogs from New York City and vicinity animal shelters for adoption.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Rescue Row is a city block in the Mission District of San Francisco, California where you can find four of San Francisco’s animal rescue & pet adoption organizations in one convenient location.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Rescue Row is the honorary name of the section of Alabama Street between 15th and 16th streets.", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ Its residing organizations and their respective addresses: San Francisco Animal Care & Control, 1200 15th St., San Francisco SPCA, 201 Alabama St., Muttville Senior Dog Rescue, 255 Alabama St. (First and Second Floors), Northern California Family Dog Rescue, 255 Alabama St. (Third and Fourth Floors).", "Rescue Row __knowledge__ This city block has always been the nickname of the heavy animal welfare location.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Pinky the Cat is a video that aired on several American reality television programs in the 1990s before it achieved additional fame on the Internet as a viral video in the 2000s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video clip shows a cat attacking an animal control officer during a promotional message for pet adoption for an animal shelter in Placer County, California.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The video footage was taped by Placer County Animal Control sometime in the early 1990s.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ The recording was intended as a promotional video for the county's \"Pet of the Week\" pet adoption program.", "Pinky the Cat __knowledge__ Sometime before 1992, then police chief Willie Weatherford distributed copies of the tape—which he named \"Pinky the Cat\"—to the media and his friends." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Pet adoption is the process of taking responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or released to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Common sources for adoptable pets are animal shelters and rescue groups.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some organizations give adopters ownership of the pet, while others use a guardianship model wherein the organization retains some control over the animal's future use or care.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Also available is online pet adoption.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ These sites have databases of pets being housed by thousands of animal shelters and rescue groups, and are searchable by the public.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ They include Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-Pet.com.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ People deal with their unwanted pets in many ways.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some people have the pet euthanized (also known as \"putting it down\" or \"putting it to sleep\"), although many veterinarians do not consider this to be an ethical use of their resources for young and healthy animals, while others argue that euthanasia is a more humane option than leaving a pet in a cage for very long periods of time.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Other people simply release the pet into the wild or otherwise abandon it, with the expectation that it will be able to take care of itself or that it will be found and adopted.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ More often, these pets succumb to hunger, weather, traffic, or common and treatable health problems.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Overpopulation in domestic pets refers to a surplus of domestic animals, such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ In the United States, a 6 to 8 million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated 3 to 4 million are subsequently euthanized, including 2.7 million considered healthy and adoptable.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Euthanasia numbers have declined from the 1970s, when U.S. shelters euthanized an estimated 12 to 20 million animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Most humane societies, animal shelters and rescue groups urge animal caregivers to have their animals spayed or neutered to prevent the births of unwanted and accidental litters that could contribute to this dynamic.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "Episode 5276 __knowledge__ Episode 5276 of the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 3 May 2016, between 7:30pm and 8:00pm.", "Episode 5276 __knowledge__ It was written by Daran Little, directed by Sophie Lifschutz, and executively produced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins.", "Episode 5276 __knowledge__ The episode features the only appearance of the character Alison Slater, played by Denise Welch.", "Episode 5276 __knowledge__ The episode focuses on Alison meeting her transgender son Kyle Slater (Riley Carter Millington) for the first time since he transitioned from female to male, though Alison ultimately rejects her son.", "Episode 5276 __knowledge__ It also includes a \"heartbreaking\" scene between Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy) and Dot Branning (June Brown) about the possibility of Sonia having breast cancer, which was praised as \"fantastic\" by \"Inside Soap\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Homeless shelters are a type of homeless service agency which provide temporary residence for homeless individuals and families.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Shelters exist to provide clients with safety and protection from exposure to the weather while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact on the community.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ They are similar to, but distinguishable from, various types of emergency shelters, which are typically operated for specific circumstances and populations - fleeing natural disasters or abusive social circumstances.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Extreme weather conditions create problems similar to disaster management scenarios, and are handled with warming centers, which typically operate for short durations during adverse weather.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ An animal rescue group or animal rescue organization is dedicated to pet adoption.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ These groups take unwanted, abandoned, abused, or stray pets and attempt to find suitable homes for them.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ Many rescue groups are created by and run by volunteers, who take the animals into their homes and care for them — including training, playing, handling medical issues, and solving behavior problems — until a suitable permanent home can be found.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ Rescue groups exist for most pet types (reptile rescue, \"rabbit rescue\" or \"bird rescue\"), but are most common for dogs and cats.", "Animal rescue group __knowledge__ For animals with many breeds, rescue groups may specialize in specific breeds or groups of breeds.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as domestic pets without ability to properly house or care for them, while at the same time denying this inability.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Compulsive hoarding can be characterized as a symptom of mental disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders are deeply attached to their pets and find it extremely difficult to let the pets go.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ They typically cannot comprehend that they are harming their pets by failing to provide them with proper care.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ Hoarders tend to believe that they provide the right amount of care for them.", "Animal hoarding __knowledge__ The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals provides a \"Hoarding Prevention Team\", which works with hoarders to help them attain a manageable and healthy number of pets.", "RSPCA NSW __knowledge__ RSPCA NSW is a not-for-profit charity operating in New South Wales, Australia that promotes animal welfare.", "RSPCA NSW __knowledge__ The idea behind the creation of an animal welfare charity in NSW has its roots in sentiments opposing the maltreatment of animals that were expressed by social reformers, clergy and politicians in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.", "RSPCA NSW __knowledge__ Some early legislative efforts to ban practices such as bull-baiting in the English parliament were made in 1800 and 1809, the former effort led by William Johnstone Pulteney (1729-1805) and the latter by Lord Erskine (1750-1823) but the proposed Bills were defeated." ] ]	[ 2, 4, 5, 6 ]	[ "I adopted a dog myself. Common sources for adoptable pets are shelters and rescue groups!", "With the technology boom, pet adoption is also available online!", "Definitely. The sites have huge databases of pets that are currently being housed by thousands of animals shelters and rescue groups looking for forever homes. These databases are searchable by the public.", "I agree. The websites you can look at online are Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-pet.com" ]	[ "Pet adoption", "Pet adoption", "Pet adoption", "Pet adoption" ]
[ "Reading (process)\nI love reading, I think its good for the brain and an important way to prevent ameloid plaque buildup that has been shown to influence Alzheimer's progression.", "Absolutely, I think it builds on itself too, the more you read, the better you can read I mean.", "I agree, it helps to know the culture of the era of the book you are reading to gain a better understanding. Its a shame that people who don't read lose the ability to visualize what they're reading,", "Yep, I suppose in a way people read a lot because they are on their phones, but isn't the same kind." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss).", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self care, and behavioural issues.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society.", "Alzheimer's disease __knowledge__ Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.", "Dementia __knowledge__ Other common symptoms include emotional problems, problems with language, and a decrease in motivation.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A person's consciousness is usually not affected.", "Dementia __knowledge__ A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.", "Dementia __knowledge__ These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.", "Dementia __knowledge__ The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases.", "Cholinergic neuron __knowledge__ A cholinergic neuron is a nerve cell which mainly uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to send its messages.", "Cholinergic neuron __knowledge__ Many neurological systems are cholinergic.", "Cholinergic neuron __knowledge__ Cholinergic neurons provide the primary source of acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex, and promote cortical activation during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep.", "Cholinergic neuron __knowledge__ In recent years, the cholinergic system of neurons has been a main focus of research in aging and neural degradation, specifically as it relates to Alzheimer's Disease.", "Cholinergic neuron __knowledge__ The dysfunction and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections are among the earliest pathological events in Alzheimer's Disease.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ Brain ischemia (a.k.a.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular ischemia) is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction / ischemic stroke.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ It is a sub-type of stroke along with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ Ischemia leads to alterations in brain metabolism, reduction in metabolic rates, and energy crisis.", "Brain ischemia __knowledge__ There are two types of ischemia: focal ischemia, which is confined to a specific region of the brain; and global ischemia, which encompasses wide areas of brain tissue.", "Nutrition and cognition __knowledge__ Food is conventionally regarded as a means to provide energy and building material within the body.", "Nutrition and cognition __knowledge__ Recently, the ability of food to prevent and protect against diseases has started to become recognized, mainly in relation to the effects of nutrients on molecular processes within the body.", "Nutrition and cognition __knowledge__ Certain cells require particular nutrients to play specific roles in order to function properly, and neurons are not exempt from this.", "Nutrition and cognition __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Nutrition and cognition __knowledge__ The mechanisms involved in the transfer of energy from foods to neurons are likely to be fundamental to the control of brain function.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ Concussions and other types of repetitive play-related head blows in American football have been shown to be the cause of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has led to player suicides and other debilitating symptoms after retirement, including memory loss, depression, anxiety, headaches, and also sleep disturbances.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ The list of ex-NFL players that have either been diagnosed \"post-mortem\" with CTE or have reported symptoms of CTE continues to grow.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ A concussion, from the Latin word \"concussio\", is a frequent injury among football players.", "Concussions in American football __knowledge__ Concussions occur when the head is subject to a large impact force, resulting in a minor brain injury.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Reagan was raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major productions.", "Ronald Reagan __knowledge__ Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild—the labor union for actors—where he worked to root out Communist influence." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian is a 2007 novel for young adults written by Sherman Alexie and illustrated by Ellen Forney.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ The book won several awards, and was the first young adult fiction work by Alexie, a stand-up comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and songwriter who has previously written adult novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ Alexie stated, \"I [wrote the book] because so many librarians, teachers, and teenagers kept asking me to write one.\"", "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian __knowledge__ \"The Absolutely True Diary\" is a first-person narrative from the perspective of Native American teenager Arnold Spirit Jr., also known as \"Junior\", a 14-year-old budding cartoonist.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning, or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ The field of second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.", "Second-language acquisition __knowledge__ A central theme in SLA research is that of \"interlanguage\", the idea that the language that learners use is not simply the result of differences between the languages that they already know and the language that they are learning, but that it is a complete language system in its own right, with its own systematic rules.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is one of the quintessential human traits, because non-humans do not communicate by using language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition usually refers to first-language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ This is distinguished from \"second-language acquisition\", which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Linguists who are interested in child language acquisition for many years question how language is acquired, lidz et al.", "Critical period hypothesis __knowledge__ The critical period hypothesis is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age.", "Critical period hypothesis __knowledge__ The hypothesis claims that there is an ideal time window to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful.", "Critical period hypothesis __knowledge__ The critical period hypothesis states that the first few years of life is the crucial time in which an individual can acquire a first language if presented with adequate stimuli.", "Critical period hypothesis __knowledge__ If language input does not occur until after this time, the individual will never achieve a full command of language—especially grammatical systems.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Genie (born 1957) is the pseudonym for an American feral child who was a victim of severe abuse, neglect, and social isolation.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ Her circumstances are prominently recorded in the annals of linguistics and abnormal child psychology.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ When she was a baby her father concluded that she was severely mentally retarded, a view which intensified as she got older, causing him to dislike her and withhold care and attention.", "Genie (feral child) __knowledge__ At approximately the time she reached the age of 20 months he decided to keep her as socially isolated as possible as a result of this belief, so from that time until she reached the age of 13 years and 7 months he kept her locked alone in a room.", "Language development __knowledge__ Language development is a process starting early in human life.", "Language development __knowledge__ Infants start without knowing a language, yet by 10 months, babies can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling.", "Language development __knowledge__ Some research has shown that the earliest learning begins in utero when the fetus starts to recognize the sounds and speech patterns of its mother's voice and differentiate them from other sounds after birth.", "Language development __knowledge__ Usually, productive language is considered to begin with a stage of preverbal communication in which infants use gestures and vocalizations to make their intents known to others.", "Language development __knowledge__ According to a general principle of development, new forms then take over old functions, so that children learn words to express the same communicative functions they had already expressed by proverbial means." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Literacy __knowledge__ Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write .", "Literacy __knowledge__ The modern term's meaning has been expanded to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture.", "Literacy __knowledge__ The concept of literacy is expanding in OECD countries to include skills to access knowledge through technology and ability to assess complex contexts.", "Literacy __knowledge__ A person who travels and resides in a foreign country but is unable to read or write in the language of the host country would also be regarded by the locals as being illiterate.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ Reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ Although this definition may seem simple, it is not necessarily simple to teach, learn or practice.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ An individual's ability to comprehend text is influenced by their traits and skills, one of which is the ability to make inferences.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ There are a number of approaches to improve reading comprehension, including improving one's vocabulary and reading strategies.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Reading education is the process by which individuals are taught to derive meaning from text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Government-funded research on reading and reading instruction in the United States began in the 1960s.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ In the 1970s and 1980s, researchers began publishing findings based on converging evidence from multiple studies.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ However, these findings have been slow to move into typical classroom practice.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Proficient reading is equally dependent on two critical skills: the ability to understand the language in which the text is written, and the ability to recognize and process printed text.", "Reading education in the United States __knowledge__ Each of these competencies is likewise dependent on lower level skills and cognitive abilities.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ Constructivism is a philosophical viewpoint about the nature of knowledge.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ Specifically, it represents an ontological stance.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ There are many flavors of constructivism, but one prominent theorist known for his constructivist views is Jean Piaget, who focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction between their experiences and their ideas.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ He considered himself to be a genetic epistemologist, which means he was interested in the genesis of knowledge.", "Constructivism (philosophy of education) __knowledge__ His views tended to focus on human development in relation to what is occurring with an individual as opposed to development that is influenced by other humans .", "Learning theory (education) __knowledge__ Learning theories are conceptual frameworks describing how knowledge is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning.", "Learning theory (education) __knowledge__ Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.", "Learning theory (education) __knowledge__ Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and will advocate a system of rewards and targets in education.", "Learning theory (education) __knowledge__ Educators who embrace cognitive theory believe that the definition of learning as a change in behavior is too narrow and prefer to study the learner rather than their environment and in particular the complexities of human memory.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem... From an early age, infants use language to communicate.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Robert Paul \"Tad\" Williams (born 14 March 1957 in San Jose, California) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He is the author of the multivolume \"Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn\" series, \"Otherland\" series, and \"Shadowmarch\" series as well as the standalone novels \"Tailchaser's Song\" and \"The War of the Flowers\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Most recently, Williams published \"The Bobby Dollar\" series.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Cumulatively, over 17 million copies of Williams's works have been sold.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Williams's work in comics includes a six issue mini-series for DC Comics called \"The Next\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He also wrote \"\" issue #50 to #57.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Other comic work includes \"Mirrorworld: Rain\" and \"The Helmet of Fate: Ibis the Invincible #1\" (DC).", "Readability __knowledge__ Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text.", "Readability __knowledge__ In natural language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation (such as typographic aspects like font size, line height, and line length).", "Readability __knowledge__ Researchers have used various factors to measure readability, such as Readability is more than simply legibility—which is a measure of how easily a reader can distinguish individual letters or characters from each other.", "Readability __knowledge__ Higher readability eases reading effort and speed for any reader, but it is especially important for those who do not have high reading comprehension.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Literacy __knowledge__ Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write .", "Literacy __knowledge__ The modern term's meaning has been expanded to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture.", "Literacy __knowledge__ The concept of literacy is expanding in OECD countries to include skills to access knowledge through technology and ability to assess complex contexts.", "Literacy __knowledge__ A person who travels and resides in a foreign country but is unable to read or write in the language of the host country would also be regarded by the locals as being illiterate.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ Constitutional litigation in South Africa is an area of the law in that country dealing with the rules and principles applicable to cases that involve constitutional matters.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ It examines the constitutional jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court, the High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal (and certain other specialist courts), and considers the various rules peculiar to these courts that are relevant to constitutional litigation, such as the admission of an \"amicus curiae\", the duty to raise a constitutional matter as early as possible in the proceedings, and the duty to join the relevant organ of state in a case involving a constitutional issue.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ The ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics considers the quantum state description to apply only to an ensemble of similarly prepared systems, rather than supposing that it exhaustively represents an individual physical system.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ The advocates of the ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics claim that it is minimalist, making the fewest physical assumptions about the meaning of the standard mathematical formalism.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ It proposes to take to the fullest extent the statistical interpretation of Max Born, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ For example, a new version of the ensemble interpretation that relies on a new formulation of probability theory was introduced by Raed Shaiia, which showed that the laws of quantum mechanics are the inevitable result of this new formulation.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ Louis Pierre Althusser (; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ He was born in Algeria and studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ Althusser was a longtime member—although sometimes a strong critic—of the French Communist Party.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism.", "Louis Althusser __knowledge__ These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the \"cult of personality\" and of ideology." ] ]	[ 2, 3, 7, 6 ]	[ "I too love reading, it isn't just for entertainment but also a means of language acquisition and communication as well.", "It absolutely does, practice helps with anything! It is just such a complex interaction between what is written and the person reading it, since it goes off of prior knowledge and culture too.", "I know, reading is so important anyway that we should do it more often! It's also so complex that it cannot be restricted to just one or two interpretations of what it really is.", "I can agree with that, because they are technically reading but they aren't really visualizing anything or creating any images that make sense to them from it." ]	[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]
[ "Italian cuisine", "Hey! That's my favorite type of food as well. I love to eat chicken parmesan.", "Oh no, I never ate it that way. Is it any good?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Chinese grammar __knowledge__ The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese.", "Chinese grammar __knowledge__ The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form.", "Chinese grammar __knowledge__ Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.", "Chinese grammar __knowledge__ The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO).", "Chinese grammar __knowledge__ Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it.", "Chicken parmigiana __knowledge__ Chicken parmigiana, or chicken parmesan (also referred to colloquially in the United States as 'chicken parm' and in Australia as a 'parmy', 'parmi' or 'parma'), is a popular Italian-American dish.", "Chicken parmigiana __knowledge__ It consists of a breaded chicken breast topped with tomato sauce and mozzarella, parmesan or provolone cheese.", "Chicken parmigiana __knowledge__ A slice of ham or bacon is sometimes added, but not all chefs are in agreement with the addition of pork.", "Chicken parmigiana __knowledge__ It has been speculated that the dish is based on a combination of the Italian melanzane alla Parmigiana, a dish using breaded eggplant slices instead of chicken, along with costelette Parmigiana (the latter generally served without sauce or cheese in Italy).", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is a culinary style originating in Bengal, a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, which is now divided between Bangladesh and the West Bengal state of India.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Other regions, such as Tripura, and the Barak Valley region of Assam (in India) also have large native Bengali populations and share this cuisine.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ With an emphasis on fish, vegetables and lentils are served with rice as a staple diet.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ Bengali cuisine is known for its subtle (yet sometimes fiery) flavours, and its spread of confectioneries and desserts.", "Bengali cuisine __knowledge__ It also has the only traditionally developed multi-course tradition from the subcontinent that is analogous in structure to the modern \"service à la russe\" style of French cuisine, with food served course-wise rather than all at once.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ \"Arrested Development\" is an American television sitcom that originally aired on the Fox network from November 2, 2003 to February 10, 2006.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ Created by Mitchell Hurwitz, the show centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and is presented in a continuous format, incorporating hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.", "List of Arrested Development characters __knowledge__ The series stars Jason Bateman, Portia de Rossi, Will Arnett, Michael Cera, Alia Shawkat, Tony Hale, David Cross, Jeffrey Tambor, and Jessica Walter.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy ( ; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe.", "Italy __knowledge__ Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.", "Italy __knowledge__ Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate.", "Italy __knowledge__ With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state.", "Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, and referred to in Italy as Salsa di pomodoro) refers to any of a very large number of sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish (rather than as a condiment).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as sauces for pasta dishes.", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high liquid content, very soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as roux).", "Tomato sauce __knowledge__ All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is characterized by its simplicity, with many dishes having only two to four main ingredients.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cooks rely chiefly on the quality of the ingredients rather than on elaborate preparation.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Ingredients and dishes vary by region.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Many dishes that were once regional, have proliferated with variations throughout the country.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Pasta, vegetables, olive oil and fish are a major part of the Italian cuisine.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is probably the most important expression of the Mediterranean diet.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed over the centuries.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Although the country known as Italy did not unite until the 19th century, the cuisine can claim traceable roots as far back as the 4th century BCE.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Bigu () is a Daoist fasting technique associated with achieving \"xian\" \"transcendence; immortality\".", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Grain avoidance is related to multifaceted Chinese cultural beliefs.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ For instance, \"bigu\" fasting was the common medical cure for expelling the \"sanshi\" 三尸 \"Three Corpses\", the malevolent, grain-eating spirits that live in the human body (along with the hun and po souls), report their host's sins to heaven every 60 days, and carry out punishments of sickness and early death.", "Bigu (grain avoidance) __knowledge__ Avoiding \"grains\" has been diversely interpreted to mean not eating particular foodstuffs (food grain, cereal, the Five Grains, \"wugu\", or staple food), or not eating any food (inedia, breatharianism, or aerophagia).", "Ainu people __knowledge__ The Ainu or the Aynu (Ainu アィヌ \"Aynu\"; Japanese: \"Ainu\"; Russian: \"Ajny\"), in the historical Japanese texts Ezo (), are an indigenous people of Japan (Hokkaido, and formerly northeastern Honshu) and Russia (Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and formerly the Kamchatka Peninsula).", "Ainu people __knowledge__ The official number of the Ainu is 25,000, but unofficially is estimated at 200,000 due to many Ainu having been completely assimilated into Japanese and Russian society and, as a result, having no knowledge of their ancestry.", "Ainu people __knowledge__ Recent research suggests that Ainu culture originated from a merger of the Jomon, Okhotsk and Satsumon cultures.", "The Robot Ate Me __knowledge__ The Robot Ate Me is an experimental indie rock band formed by Ryland Bouchard in 2002 which has been through many distinct phases incorporating aspects of folk, jazz, psychedelia and avant-garde rock.", "The Robot Ate Me __knowledge__ Their critically acclaimed albums alternated between accessible pop and obscure musical art projects.", "The Robot Ate Me __knowledge__ After releasing \"Good World\" in 2006 Babysue described the band as \"one of the most unpredictable and obtuse underground bands around.\"", "The Robot Ate Me __knowledge__ In 2002 Ryland Bouchard released \"They Ate Themselves\", his first record as The Robot Ate Me and played his first shows in San Diego opening for notable touring acts such as Daniel Johnston, Tegan and Sara, Metric, Stars and The Blackheart Procession.", "Mokele-mbembe __knowledge__ Mokèlé-mbèmbé (meaning \"one who stops the flow of rivers\" in the Lingala language) is a legendary water-dwelling creature of Congo River basin folklore, sometimes described as a living creature, sometimes as a spirit, and loosely analogous to the Loch Ness Monster in Western culture.", "Mokele-mbembe __knowledge__ Some cryptozoologists claim it to be a sauropod.", "Mokele-mbembe __knowledge__ Expeditions mounted in the hope of finding evidence of the Mokèlé-mbèmbé have failed, and the subject has been covered in a number of books and by a number of television documentaries.", "Mokele-mbembe __knowledge__ According to skeptic Robert T. Carroll, \"Reports of the Mokèlé-mbèmbé have been circulating for the past two hundred years, yet no one has photographed the creature or produced any physical evidence of its existence.\"", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the culinary name for meat from a domestic pig (\"Sus scrofa domesticus\").", "Pork __knowledge__ It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BC.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved.", "Pork __knowledge__ Curing extends the shelf life of the pork products.", "Pork __knowledge__ Ham, smoked pork, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork.", "Pork __knowledge__ Pork is the most popular meat in Eastern and Southeastern Asia, and is also very common in the Western world, especially in Central Europe.", "Pork __knowledge__ It is highly prized in Asian cuisines for its fat content and pleasant texture.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ Ham and eggs is a dish combining various preparations of its main ingredients, ham and eggs.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ It has been described as a staple of \"an old-fashioned American breakfast\" and of the traditional English breakfast.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ It is also served as a lunch and dinner dish.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ Some notable people have professed an affinity with the dish, such as Duncan Hines and Henry Puyi.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ Similar dishes include bacon and eggs, Spanish eggs, the Denver omelette and Eggs Benedict.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ The term \"ham and eggs\" and some variations of it have been used in various cultural contexts.", "Ham and eggs __knowledge__ It has been used as a slang term in the United States, and has also been used to refer to various entities and events in the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ] ]	[ 0, 22, 42 ]	[ "Hi there, my favourite type of food is Italian Cuisine", "Do you like to add a slice of ham or bacon? ", "If you add a piece of bacon, it adds a bit of saltiness to the dish - makes it much better in my opinion! " ]	[ "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine", "Italian cuisine" ]
[ "Rock music\nI love rock music! There are so many different types and it always puts me in a good mood!", "Yes, I love the electric guitar, but the drums are my favorite! What", "Yes, that's a really neat sound! What is your favorite style of rock music? I think mine is classic rock!", "Oh nice! How long has rock music been around, do you know?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ Alan Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most.", "I Love Rock 'n' Roll __knowledge__ In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as \"a knee-jerk response to the Rolling Stones' 'It's Only Rock 'n Roll (But I Like It)'.\"", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ In psychology, a mood is an emotional state.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ In contrast to emotions, feelings, or affects, moods are less specific, less intense and less likely to be provoked or instantiated by a particular stimulus or event.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ Moods are typically described as having either a positive or negative valence.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ In other words, people usually talk about being in a good mood or a bad mood.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ Mood also differs from temperament or personality traits which are even longer-lasting.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ Nevertheless, personality traits such as optimism and neuroticism predispose certain types of moods.", "Mood (psychology) __knowledge__ Long term disturbances of mood such as clinical depression and bipolar disorder are considered mood disorders.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Robyn Rihanna Fenty (; February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Born in Saint Michael, Barbados and raised in Bridgetown, during 2003 she recorded demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers and signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president, hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ In 2005, Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album \"Music of the Sun\" and its follow-up \"A Girl like Me\" (2006), which charted on the top 10 of the US \"Billboard\" 200 and respectively produced the singles \"Pon de Replay\" and \"SOS\".", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Joan Jett (born Joan Marie Larkin, September 22, 1958) is an American rock singer, songwriter, composer, musician, record producer and occasional actress.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ She is best known for her work as the frontwoman of her band, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, preceded by success with the Runaways, including the hit song \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ The Blackhearts' song \"I Love Rock 'n Roll\" was number-one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1, 1982.", "Joan Jett __knowledge__ Her other popular recordings include \"Bad Reputation\", \"Crimson and Clover\", \"Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)\", \"Light of Day\", \"I Hate Myself for Loving You\" and \"Dirty Deeds\".", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ An effects unit or pedal is an electronic or digital device that alters how a musical instrument or other audio source sounds.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ In the 2010s, most effects use solid-state electronics and/or computer chips.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some vintage effects units from the 1930s to the 1970s and modern reissues of these effects use mechanical components as well (e.g., Leslie rotating speaker, spring reverb, and tape recorder-based echo effects) or vacuum tubes.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some effects subtly \"color\" a sound, such as a reverb unit used on a low setting, while others transform it dramatically, such as a distortion pedal used with electric guitar, with the overdrive set to its maximum level.", "R. Prasanna __knowledge__ R. Prasanna (better known as Guitar Prasanna), is a pioneer in performing Carnatic music on the guitar—as well as skilled in playing and composing in genres such as jazz, progressive rock, and world fusion music.", "R. Prasanna __knowledge__ Prasanna grew up in Chennai, India and fell in love with the guitar at age of five after hearing his neighbor play.", "R. Prasanna __knowledge__ He received his first guitar when he was ten years old and would try to play Tamil and Hindi film songs and imitate the sounds of his sister’s Carnatic singing with the instrument.", "R. Prasanna __knowledge__ Prasanna’s interest in Western pop music developed when his father’s colleague gave him some cassette tapes with songs by The Bee Gees, ABBA, Toto, Peaches and Herb, and the Pointer Sisters.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Stephen James Howe (born 8 April 1947) is an English musician, songwriter and producer, best known as the guitarist in the rock band Yes across three stints since 1970.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Born in Holloway, North London, Howe developed an interest in the guitar and began to learn the instrument himself at age 12.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ He embarked on a music career in 1964, first playing in several London-based blues, covers, and psychedelic rock bands for six years, including the Syndicats, Tomorrow, and Bodast.", "Steve Howe (musician) __knowledge__ Upon joining Yes in 1970, Howe helped to establish the band's change in sound, a change that led to their commercial and critical success.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\".", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ In 1961, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division; he was granted an honorable discharge the following year.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll emerged as a defined musical style in the United States in the early to mid-1950s.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ It derived most directly from the rhythm and blues music of the 1940s, which itself developed from earlier blues, boogie woogie, jazz and swing music, and was also influenced by gospel, country and western, and traditional folk music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ Rock and roll in turn provided the main basis for the music that, since the mid-1960s, has been generally known simply as rock music.", "Origins of rock and roll __knowledge__ The phrase \"rocking and rolling\" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but it was used by the early twentieth century, both to describe a spiritual fervor and as a sexual analogy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans over five decades.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ With his distinctive raspy voice and a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, deadly snakes, baby dolls, and dueling swords, Cooper is considered by music journalists and peers alike to be \"The Godfather of Shock Rock\".", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a macabre and theatrical brand of rock designed to shock people.", "Alice Cooper __knowledge__ Originating in Phoenix, Arizona, in the late 1960s after he moved from Detroit, Michigan, \"Alice Cooper\" was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, lead guitarist Glen Buxton, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and drummer Neal Smith.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City.", "MTV __knowledge__ Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as \"video jockeys\" (VJs).", "MTV __knowledge__ At first, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily teenagers, particularly high school and college students.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Music radio is a radio format in which music is the main broadcast content.", "Music radio __knowledge__ After television replaced old time radio's dramatic content, music formats became dominant in many countries.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Radio drama and comedy continue, often on public radio.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Music drives radio technology, including wide-band FM, modern digital radio systems such as Digital Radio Mondiale, and even the rise of internet radio and music streaming services (such as Pandora and Spotify).", "Music radio __knowledge__ The radio station provides programming to attract listeners.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Commercial radio stations make profits by selling advertising.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Public and community radio stations are sustained by listener donations and grants.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners, music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ An effects unit or pedal is an electronic or digital device that alters how a musical instrument or other audio source sounds.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ In the 2010s, most effects use solid-state electronics and/or computer chips.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some vintage effects units from the 1930s to the 1970s and modern reissues of these effects use mechanical components as well (e.g., Leslie rotating speaker, spring reverb, and tape recorder-based echo effects) or vacuum tubes.", "Effects unit __knowledge__ Some effects subtly \"color\" a sound, such as a reverb unit used on a low setting, while others transform it dramatically, such as a distortion pedal used with electric guitar, with the overdrive set to its maximum level.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).", "Bass guitar __knowledge__ The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "String instrument __knowledge__ String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.", "String instrument __knowledge__ Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the strings with their fingers or a plectrum—and others by hitting the strings with a light wooden hammer or by rubbing the strings with a bow.", "String instrument __knowledge__ In some keyboard instruments, such as the harpsichord , the musician presses a key that plucks the string.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With bowed instruments, the player rubs the strings with a horsehair bow, causing them to vibrate.", "String instrument __knowledge__ With a hurdy-gurdy, the musician operates a mechanical wheel that rubs the strings." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.", "Rock music __knowledge__ By the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno (3 October 1810 – 6 June 1860) was a French poet.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Agathe-Sophie Sasserno was born in 1810 at the place Victor (today the place Garibaldi) in Nice She was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Louis Sasserno, a former aide of André Masséna, and Marie Sibille Chartroux.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She was a cousin of the painter Giovanni Battista Biscarra.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She wrote her first poem at the age of fourteen to distract her father.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ According to Jean-Baptiste Toselli, she received much praise for this, which encouraged her to continue.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ She remained single all her life and devoted herself entirely to poetry.", "Agathe-Sophie Sasserno __knowledge__ Although she wrote in French she considered herself Italian so she dedicated her work \"Les Sylphides\" (1838) to King Charles Albert of Sardinia.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock, also called Oz rock, is rock music from Australia.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The nation has a rich history of rock music and an appreciation of the roots of various rock genres, usually originating in the United States or Britain, but also Ireland, continental Europe, and more recently the musical styles of Africa.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock has also contributed to the development of some of these genres, as well as having its own unique Australiana sound with pub rock and its indigenous music.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ From 1955 to 1975 three distinct \"waves\" of Australian rock occurred.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The first wave was from 1955 to 1963 and was influenced by American and British styles with local variants provided by artists such as Johnny O'Keefe, who had a hit with \"Wild One\", which appeared in July 1958.", "Progressive rock __knowledge__ Progressive rock (shortened as prog; sometimes called art rock, classical rock or symphonic rock) is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s.", "Progressive rock __knowledge__ Initially termed \"progressive pop\", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk, or classical music.", "Progressive rock __knowledge__ Additional elements contributed to its \"progressive\" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of \"art\" and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British rock describes a wide variety of forms of music made in the United Kingdom.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since around 1964, with the \"British Invasion\" of the United States spearheaded by the Beatles, British rock music has had a considerable impact on the development of American music and rock music across the world.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Initial attempts to emulate American rock and roll took place in Britain in the mid-1950s, but the terms \"rock music\" and \"rock\" usually refer to the music derived from the blues-rock and other genres that emerged during the 1960s.", "Rock music in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The term is often used in combination with other terms to describe a variety of hybrids or subgenres, and is often contrasted with pop music, with which it shares many structures and instrumentation.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners, music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Music radio is a radio format in which music is the main broadcast content.", "Music radio __knowledge__ After television replaced old time radio's dramatic content, music formats became dominant in many countries.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Radio drama and comedy continue, often on public radio.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Music drives radio technology, including wide-band FM, modern digital radio systems such as Digital Radio Mondiale, and even the rise of internet radio and music streaming services (such as Pandora and Spotify).", "Music radio __knowledge__ The radio station provides programming to attract listeners.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Commercial radio stations make profits by selling advertising.", "Music radio __knowledge__ Public and community radio stations are sustained by listener donations and grants.", "Mnemonic (band) __knowledge__ Mnemonic is an alternative rock band, formed as Mnemonic Groove in \"Singapore\" in 1997 and now based in London, England.", "Mnemonic (band) __knowledge__ The band formed as a result of impromptu jam sessions and quickly released their debut album on the Angel J.", "Mnemonic (band) __knowledge__ Records label, entitled \"Non-Verbal Signs of Listening\" on 23 May 1997, and garnered international attention with the release of their cover of the U2 song, \"The Ground Beneath Her Feet\" in January 2000.", "Mnemonic (band) __knowledge__ \"Mnemonic Groove\" was officially formed in Singapore after a series of jam sessions at \"Boon Studios\" in January 1997.", "Mnemonic (band) __knowledge__ Richard Das, Jonathan Skipp and Kiron Chahel had already performed in public at ad hoc concerts in Singapore during 1996 as an unnamed trio prior to collaborating with Aaron Jude Sequerah in January 1997.", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ Sale el Sol () is the ninth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira, released on 19 October 2010, by Epic Records.", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ The album marks a musical return to Shakira's \"roots\" after the electropop record \"She Wolf\" (2009).", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ The singer split the album into three \"directions\": a romantic side, a \"rock and roll\" side, and a \"Latino, tropical\" side.", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ The latter two \"directions\" experiment with rock and merengue music, respectively.", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ As co-producer, Shakira enlisted collaborators including Josh Abraham, El Cata, Gustavo Cerati, John Hill, Lester Mendez, and Residente Calle 13.", "Sale el Sol __knowledge__ Five singles were released from \"Sale el Sol\".", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ Absolute Radio (originally Virgin Radio) is one of the UK's three Independent National Radio stations.", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ The station rebranded to its current name at 7:45 am on 29 September 2008.", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ The station is based in London and plays popular rock music.", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ It currently broadcasts on medium wave and DAB across the UK, on 105.8 FM in London and 105.2 FM in the West Midlands, Sky (channel 0107), Virgin Media (channel 915), Freeview (channel 727) and Freesat (channel 724).", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ It is also available in other parts of the world via satellite, cable, and on the Internet.", "Absolute Radio __knowledge__ As of 31 December 2013, international streaming via the internet has been discontinued.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ Arrow Classic Rock is a Dutch radio station, that plays classic rock and some modern rock.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ Arrow Classic Rock broadcasts on FM and is also receivable via cable, all nationwide.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ Owned by Ad Ossendrijver and Willem van Kooten, the station started broadcasts via all Dutch cablenetworks in 1996 and bought AM 828 from Veronica FM in 1998.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ In 2003 the frequencies of medium wave had been redistributed and the station moved to AM 675.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ In May 2007 Crosspoints BV, the company which produced Arrow Classic Rock and Arrow Jazz FM bought Caz!", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ to use their FM frequencies.", "Arrow Classic Rock __knowledge__ On 31 January 2008 they ceased their AM transmissions, transmitting an announcement in English advising their move to FM and to use the web stream.", "Jam band __knowledge__ A jam band is a musical group whose live albums and concerts relate to a unique fan culture that began in the 1960s with the Grateful Dead, and continued with The Allman Brothers Band, which had lengthy jams at concerts.", "Jam band __knowledge__ The performances of these bands typically feature extended musical improvisation (\"jams\") over rhythmic grooves and chord patterns, and long sets of music that can often cross genre boundaries.", "Jam band __knowledge__ The Grateful Dead continued to grow their fanbase in the second half of the 1980s.", "Jam band __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, the bands Phish, Edie Brickell & New Bohemians, Blues Traveler, Ozric Tentacles, Widespread Panic, Bela Fleck and the Flecktones, Spin Doctors, Col Bruce Hampton and Aquarium Rescue Unit, began touring with jam band-style concerts." ] ]	[ 4, 12, 36, 1 ]	[ "I enjoy rock music also! I love the sound of the electric guitar.", "Drums are awesome as well. I just love how with the electric guitar the timbre of the sound can be electronically altered.", "I enjoy singer/songwriter rock the most. But I have been listening to more classic rock on the internet and digital downloading.", "It originated as \"rock and roll\" in the U.S. in the early 1950's. But it has developed different styles in the 1960's and after." ]	[ "Rock music", "Rock music", "Rock music", "Rock music" ]
[ "Boiled egg", "That would be most eggcellent if you will. I can always learn more about boiled eggs.", "A food with its own bowl, I rather like that. Anything else I can do with boiled eggs?", "Pasteurized? That sounds like little eggs are out their just grazing along, what exactly is pasteurized eggs?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ Olivier salad ( \"Salat Olivye\") is a traditional salad dish in Russian cuisine, which is also popular in old Soviet Union countries (particularly, in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), some other European countries, Iran, Israel, Mongolia and also throughout Latin America.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ In different modern recipes, it is usually made with diced boiled potatoes, carrots, brined dill pickles, green peas, eggs, celeriac, onions, diced boiled chicken (or sometimes ham or bologna sausage), tart apples, with salt, pepper, and mustard added to enhance flavor, dressed with mayonnaise.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ In many countries, the dish is commonly referred to as Russian salad, although this term can connote vinegret .", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Danish cuisine (), originating from the peasant population's own local produce, was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods after the Industrial Revolution.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ The open sandwiches, known as \"smørrebrød\", which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as \"frikadeller\" (meat balls) and \"medisterpølse\", or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as \"flæskesteg\" (roast pork with crackling) or \"kogt torsk\" (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Danish cuisine (), originating from the peasant population's own local produce, was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods after the Industrial Revolution.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ The open sandwiches, known as \"smørrebrød\", which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients.", "Danish cuisine __knowledge__ Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as \"frikadeller\" (meat balls) and \"medisterpølse\", or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as \"flæskesteg\" (roast pork with crackling) or \"kogt torsk\" (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is a diverse collection of cooking traditions of the Jewish people worldwide.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ It has evolved over many centuries, shaped by Jewish dietary laws (kashrut), Jewish Festival, and \"Shabbat\" (Sabbath) traditions.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is influenced by the economics, agriculture, and culinary traditions of the many countries where Jewish communities have settled and varies widely throughout the whole world.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ The distinctive styles in Jewish cuisine are Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, Persian, Yemenite, Indian, and Latin-American.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ There are also dishes from Jewish communities from Ethiopia to Central Asia.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ Olivier salad ( \"Salat Olivye\") is a traditional salad dish in Russian cuisine, which is also popular in old Soviet Union countries (particularly, in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), some other European countries, Iran, Israel, Mongolia and also throughout Latin America.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ In different modern recipes, it is usually made with diced boiled potatoes, carrots, brined dill pickles, green peas, eggs, celeriac, onions, diced boiled chicken (or sometimes ham or bologna sausage), tart apples, with salt, pepper, and mustard added to enhance flavor, dressed with mayonnaise.", "Olivier salad __knowledge__ In many countries, the dish is commonly referred to as Russian salad, although this term can connote vinegret .", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ The World of Eberron consists of a number of features for the Eberron campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ In the mythic past, the world was one great mass.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ The progenitor wyrms, the first and the greatest of dragon-kind, ruled all.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ The three most powerful - Siberys, Eberron, and Khyber - discovered the Prophecy.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ A world shattering struggle ensued.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ The battle split the world into three parts.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ Siberys became the glowing ring that surrounds the world and gave birth to the next generation of dragons.", "World of Eberron __knowledge__ Khyber was bound to the darkest depths and spat out various fiends and demons.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ Nasi lemak is a Malay fragrant rice dish cooked in coconut milk and pandan leaf.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ It is commonly found in Malaysia, where it is considered the national dish; it is also popular in neighbouring areas such as Singapore; Brunei, and Southern Thailand.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ In Indonesia it can be found in several parts of Sumatra; especially Malay realm of Riau, Riau Islands and Medan.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ \"Nasi lemak\" can also be found in the Bangsamoro region of Mindanao prepared by Filipino Moro.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ It is considered one of the most famous dishes for a Malay-style breakfast.", "Nasi lemak __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with \"nasi dagang\", sold in the Malaysian east coast states of Terengganu and Kelantan, although both dishes are often served for breakfast.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ Balut (spelled standardized as balot) is a developing bird embryo (usually a duck) that is boiled and eaten from the shell.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ It originated from and is commonly sold as street food in the Philippines.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ Often served with beer, balut is popular in Southeast Asian countries, such as Laos (\"khai look\" ໄຂ່ລູກ in Lao), Cambodia (\"pong tia koun\" ពងទាកូន in Khmer), Thailand (\"Khai Khao\" in Thai) and Vietnam (\"trứng vịt lộn\" or \"hột vịt lộn\" in Vietnamese).", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ The Tagalog and Malay word \"balot\" means \"wrapped\".", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ The length of incubation before the egg is cooked is a matter of local preference, but generally ranges between 14 and 21 days." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes.", "Pasteurized eggs __knowledge__ Pasteurized eggs are eggs that have been pasteurized in order to reduce the risk of food-borne illness in dishes that are not cooked or are only lightly cooked.", "Pasteurized eggs __knowledge__ They may be sold as liquid egg products or pasteurized in the shell.", "Pasteurized eggs __knowledge__ The 2013 United States Food and Drug Administration Food Code defines regular shell eggs as a potentially hazardous food, i.e., “a food that requires time/temperature control for safety (TCS) to limit pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation.” All egg products sold in the U.S are pasteurized due to the risk of food-borne illnesses per U.S. Department of Agriculture rules.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Eggnog , egg nog or egg-nog, historically also known (when alcoholic beverages are added) as milk punch or egg milk punch, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, dairy-based beverage.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ It is traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, whipped egg whites, and egg yolks (which gives it a frothy texture, and its name).", "Eggnog __knowledge__ In some contexts, distilled spirits such as brandy, rum, whisky or bourbon are added to the drink.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Throughout Canada and the United States, eggnog is traditionally consumed over Christmas season every year, from late November until the end of the holiday season.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Eggnog has also gained popularity in Australia.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ David Wilhelm (born October 2, 1956) is a global renewable energy developer, currently working for Hecate Energy.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ Formerly, Wilhelm worked in the venture capital space and as a political campaign manager; most notably serving as Campaign Manager for the 1992 U.S. Presidential campaign of Bill Clinton, and later as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ He was raised in Athens, Ohio, and has started many transformational projects and funds in the area.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ Wilhelm later settled in Chicago, Illinois, and now resides in Columbus, Ohio.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ He received his B.A.", "David Wilhelm __knowledge__ from Ohio University, as well as a Master of Public Policy from Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government.", "10 Gigabit Ethernet __knowledge__ 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×10 or 10 billion bits per second).", "10 Gigabit Ethernet __knowledge__ It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard.", "10 Gigabit Ethernet __knowledge__ Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10 Gigabit Ethernet defines only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches; shared-medium CSMA/CD operation has not been carried over from the previous generations Ethernet standards so half-duplex operation and repeater hubs do not exist in 10GbE.", "10 Gigabit Ethernet __knowledge__ The 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard encompasses a number of different physical layer (PHY) standards.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "Processed cheese __knowledge__ Processed cheese (also known as prepared cheese, cheese product, or cheese singles) is a food product made from cheese (and sometimes other, unfermented, dairy by-product ingredients), plus emulsifiers, saturated vegetable oils, extra salt, food colorings, whey or sugar.", "Processed cheese __knowledge__ As a result, many flavors, colors, and textures of processed cheese exist.", "Processed cheese __knowledge__ Its invention is credited to Walter Gerber of Thun, Switzerland, in 1911.", "Processed cheese __knowledge__ Processed cheese has several technical advantages over natural cheese, including a far longer shelf-life, resistance to separating when cooked (meltability), and a uniform look and physical behavior.", "Pasteurization __knowledge__ Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process that kills microbes (mainly bacteria) in food and drink, such as milk, juice, canned food, and others.", "Pasteurization __knowledge__ It was invented by French scientist Louis Pasteur during the nineteenth century.", "Pasteurization __knowledge__ In 1864 Pasteur discovered that heating beer and wine was enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused spoilage, preventing these beverages from turning sour.", "Pasteurization __knowledge__ The process achieves this by eliminating pathogenic microbes and lowering microbial numbers to prolong the quality of the beverage.", "Pasteurization __knowledge__ Today, pasteurization is used widely in the dairy industry and other food processing industries to achieve food preservation and food safety.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "United States raw milk debate __knowledge__ The United States raw milk debate concerns issues of food safety and claimed health benefits of raw (un-pasteurized, un-homogenized) milk, and whether authorities responsible for regulating food safety should prohibit sale of raw milk for consumption.", "United States raw milk debate __knowledge__ Raw milk makes up a small proportion of US general population milk consumption.", "United States raw milk debate __knowledge__ However, some claim the demand for raw milk has \"considerably increased in recent years\".", "United States raw milk debate __knowledge__ Raw milk advocates claim a variety of health benefits attributable to untreated dairy products; government officials and scientific researchers stress that there are substantial food safety risks associated with raw milk, and that claims of health benefits provided by raw milk are unsupported by scientific evidence." ] ]	[ 0, 1, 3, 11 ]	[ "Can I offer you some knowledge of boiled eggs in these trying times?", "A boiled egg in the morning is hard to beat, especially because they're cooked within their shells!", "Eggsactly, finely someone able to appreciate food that has its own container as a superior food-form! There's so many things you can do with them, from eating to throwing, just make sure to avoid salmonella and only buy pasteurized eggs!", "Let me open my hen-cyclopedia and tell you! Pasteurized eggs are eggs that have been processed to reduce the risk of food-borne illnesses!" ]	[ "Boiled egg", "Boiled egg", "Boiled egg", "Boiled egg" ]
[ "Mars", "I guess I like Saturn, just because of the rings. I don't know about travelling to Mars though.", "Yes, but I'm sure no one could live there. I would assume Mars might be more liveable." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.", "Saturn __knowledge__ It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth.", "Saturn __knowledge__ It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but with its larger volume Saturn is over 95 times more massive.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn's interior is probably composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds).", "Saturn __knowledge__ This core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally a gaseous outer layer.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ In astronomy, an extraterrestrial sky is a view of outer space from the surface of a world other than Earth.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The only extraterrestrial sky that has been directly observed and photographed by astronauts is that of the Moon.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The skies of Titan, Mars, and Venus have been observed by space probes designed to land on the surface and transmit images back to Earth.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ Characteristics of extraterrestrial skies appear to vary substantially due to a number of factors.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ An extraterrestrial atmosphere, if present, has a large bearing on visible characteristics.", "Extraterrestrial skies __knowledge__ The atmosphere's density and chemical composition can contribute to differences in colour, opacity (including haze) and the presence of clouds.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ The rings of Saturn are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ They consist of countless small particles, ranging from μm to m in size, that orbit about Saturn.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation; some features of the rings suggest a relatively recent origin, but theoretical models indicate they are likely to have formed early in the Solar System's history.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ Although reflection from the rings increases Saturn's brightness, they are not visible from Earth with unaided vision.", "Saturn Queen __knowledge__ Saturn Queen is a fictional comic book character owned by DC Comics.", "Saturn Queen __knowledge__ She debuted in \"Superman\" #147 (August 1961), and was created by Jerry Siegel and Curt Swan.", "Saturn Queen __knowledge__ Like Saturn Girl, Saturn Queen appears to have been suggested or inspired by a 1940s Wonder Woman storyline (in volume 1, issues 10 and 22) in which Earth is invaded by \"Saturnic girls\" with the \"power of hypnotism\" that \"can completely block the senses of most Earthlings, making trained Saturnians invisible and inaudible\" and also the power to control their own bodies to fake death.", "Saturn Queen __knowledge__ Like Saturn Queen they have a complex set of urges to do good or evil that are hard to control, but the Amazon regime on Transformation Island seems to work on them.", "Wanderers (2014 film) __knowledge__ Wanderers is a 2014 Swedish science fiction short film created by the digital artist and animator Erik Wernquist.", "Wanderers (2014 film) __knowledge__ The film depicts actual locations in the Solar System being investigated by human explorers, aided by hypothetical-but-not-absurd potential space technology.", "Wanderers (2014 film) __knowledge__ Of the film's fifteen scenes, Wernquist created some using solely computer graphics, but most are based on actual photographs taken by robotic spacecraft or rovers combined with additional computer-generated elements.", "Wanderers (2014 film) __knowledge__ \"Wanderers\" is narrated by astronomer Carl Sagan, reading from his 1994 book \"Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space\".", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The Cassini–Huygens mission ( ), commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's \"Cassini\" probe, and ESA's \"Huygens\" lander which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ \"Cassini\" was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The craft were named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ Launched aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur on October 15, 1997, \"Cassini\" was active in space for nearly 20 years, with 13 years spent orbiting Saturn, studying the planet and its system after entering orbit on July 1, 2004.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ The formation and evolution of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ This model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ Space exploration is the ongoing discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of continuously evolving and growing space technology.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ While the study of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, the physical exploration of space is conducted both by unmanned robotic space probes and human spaceflight.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality.", "Human mission to Mars __knowledge__ A human mission to Mars has been the subject of science fiction, aerospace engineering, and scientific proposals since the 19th century.", "Human mission to Mars __knowledge__ The plans comprise proposals to land on Mars, eventually settling on and terraforming the planet, while utilizing its moons, Phobos and Deimos.", "Human mission to Mars __knowledge__ The exploration of Mars has been a goal of national space programs for decades.", "Human mission to Mars __knowledge__ Preliminary work for missions that would involve human explorers has been undertaken since the 1950s, with planned missions typically being stated as taking place 10 to 30 years in the future when they are drafted.", "Human mission to Mars __knowledge__ The list of manned Mars mission plans in the 20th century shows the various mission proposals that have been put forth by multiple organizations and space agencies in this field of space exploration.", "Space colonization __knowledge__ Space colonization (also called space settlement, or extraterrestrial colonization) is permanent human habitation off the planet Earth.", "Space colonization __knowledge__ Many arguments have been made for and against space colonization.", "Space colonization __knowledge__ The two most common in favor of colonization are survival of human civilization and the biosphere in the event of a planetary-scale disaster (natural or man-made), and the availability of additional resources in space that could enable expansion of human society.", "Space colonization __knowledge__ The most common objections to colonization include concerns that the commodification of the cosmos may be likely to enhance the interests of the already powerful, including major economic and military institutions, and to exacerbate pre-existing detrimental processes such as wars, economic inequality, and environmental degradation.", "Mars to Stay __knowledge__ Mars to stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay.", "Mars to Stay __knowledge__ Unused emergency return vehicles would be recycled into settlement construction as soon as the habitability of Mars becomes evident to the initial pioneers.", "Mars to Stay __knowledge__ Mars to Stay missions are advocated both to reduce cost and to ensure permanent settlement of Mars.", "Mars to Stay __knowledge__ Among many notable Mars to Stay advocates, former Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin has been particularly outspoken, suggesting in numerous forums \"Forget the Moon, Let’s Head to Mars!\"", "Mars to Stay __knowledge__ and, in June 2013, Aldrin promoted a manned mission \"to homestead Mars and become a two-planet species.\"", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Douglas Vakoch (born June 16, 1961) is an American search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) researcher, psychologist, and president of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a nonprofit research and educational organization devoted to transmitting intentional signals to extraterrestrial civilizations.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ On February 13, 2015 he engaged in a debate at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on whether humankind should send signals to other worlds in hope of reply.", "Douglas Vakoch __knowledge__ Vakoch advocates ongoing transmission projects, arguing that this does not increase risks of an alien invasion as suggested by British cosmologist Stephen Hawking.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars' surface conditions and past presence of water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars requires less energy per unit mass (delta-v) to reach from Earth than any planet, except Venus.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction's most prevalent themes.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ As technology advances, and concerns about humanity's future on Earth increase, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The Moonshine Jungle Tour was the second concert tour by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ The tour supported his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ After an official announcement on February 10, 2013, which coincided with Mars performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, a promotional trailer and behind-the-scenes footage of the tour were released through Mars' official YouTube channel and website.", "Moonshine Jungle Tour __knowledge__ Mars and his team selected Ellie Goulding and Fitz & the Tantrums as the opening acts, in the first North American leg, while music video director Cameron Duddy was signed as creative director for the tour in North America.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ \"Mars and Beyond\" is an episode of \"Disneyland\" which aired on December 4, 1957.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ It was directed by Ward Kimball and narrated by Paul Frees.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ This episode discusses the possibility of life on other planets, especially Mars.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ The abridged version was also produced when this was originally released.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ This episode was released on DVD in 2004 as part of the line.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ The film begins with an introduction by Walt Disney and his robot friend Garco, providing a brief overview of the episode.", "Mars and Beyond __knowledge__ The overview starts with an animated presentation about mankind seeking to understand the world in which he lives, first noticing patterns in the stars, and developing certain beliefs regarding the celestial bodies.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ The \"Phoenix\" lander descended on Mars on May 25, 2008.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ Mission scientists used instruments aboard the lander to search for environments suitable for microbial life on Mars, and to research the history of water there.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ The total mission cost was about US $386 million, which includes cost of the launch.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ The multi-agency program was headed by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, under the direction of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.", "Phoenix (spacecraft) __knowledge__ The program was a partnership of universities in the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, NASA, the Canadian Space Agency, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, Lockheed Martin Space Systems, MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates (MDA) and other aerospace companies.", "Martian __knowledge__ A Martian is a native inhabitant of the planet Mars.", "Martian __knowledge__ Although the search for evidence of life on Mars continues, many science fiction writers have imagined what extraterrestrial life on Mars might be like.", "Martian __knowledge__ Some writers also use the word \"Martian\" to describe a human colonist on Mars.", "Martian __knowledge__ The earliest known instances of the word \"Martian\", used as a noun instead of an adjective, were printed in late 1877.", "Martian __knowledge__ They appeared nearly simultaneously in England and the United States, in magazine articles detailing Asaph Hall's discovery of the moons of Mars in August of that year.", "Martian __knowledge__ The next event to inspire the use of the noun \"Martian\" in print was the International Exposition of Electricity, which was hosted in Paris in the year 1881.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars for his second studio album, \"Unorthodox Jukebox\" (2012).", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ Atlantic Records released the song as the third promotional single and as the second official single, taken from the album, to mainstream radio in the United States on January 15, 2013.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ \"When I Was Your Man\" was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine and Andrew Wyatt; with Mars, Lawrence and Levine credited for composing the song as well.", "When I Was Your Man __knowledge__ The pop song is an emotional piano ballad with lyrics describing the heartbreak and regret Mars felt from letting his lover get away, and his expressed hope that her new man will give her all the love and attention that he failed to provide.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "World Cities Summit __knowledge__ The World Cities Summit is an international conference series on public governance and the sustainable development of cities.", "World Cities Summit __knowledge__ It brings together practitioners and policy makers with leading experts in their field to identify innovative solutions to the most pressing challenges facing cities.", "World Cities Summit __knowledge__ The first World Cities Summit, which took place in Singapore from 23 to 25 June 2008, focused on the theme of “Liveable and Vibrant Cities”.", "World Cities Summit __knowledge__ The inaugural summit in June 2008 brought together 800 senior delegates.", "World Cities Summit __knowledge__ These include leaders, government ministers, city mayors, senior government officials, officials from international organisations, business leaders, academics from the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East, policy makers and the civil society.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The Cassini–Huygens mission ( ), commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's \"Cassini\" probe, and ESA's \"Huygens\" lander which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ \"Cassini\" was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The craft were named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.", "Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ Launched aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur on October 15, 1997, \"Cassini\" was active in space for nearly 20 years, with 13 years spent orbiting Saturn, studying the planet and its system after entering orbit on July 1, 2004.", "Timeline of Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ This article provides a Timeline of the Cassini–Huygens () (commonly called Cassini) mission.", "Timeline of Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ \"Cassini\" was a collaboration between the United States' NASA, the European Space Agency (\"ESA\"), and the Italian Space Agency (\"ASI\") to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.", "Timeline of Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The Flagship-class unmanned robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's \"Cassini\" probe, and ESA's \"Huygens\" lander module which would be landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan.", "Timeline of Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ \"Cassini\" was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit.", "Timeline of Cassini–Huygens __knowledge__ The craft were named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.", "Saturn __knowledge__ It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth.", "Saturn __knowledge__ It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but with its larger volume Saturn is over 95 times more massive.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle.", "Saturn __knowledge__ Saturn's interior is probably composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds).", "Saturn __knowledge__ This core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally a gaseous outer layer.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ Titan is the largest moon of Saturn.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ It is the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere, and the only object in space other than Earth where clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid has been found.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ Titan is the sixth gravitationally rounded moon from Saturn.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ Frequently described as a planet-like moon, Titan is 50% larger than Earth's Moon, and it is 80% more massive.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ It is the second-largest moon in the Solar System, after Jupiter's moon Ganymede, and is larger than the smallest planet, Mercury, but only 40% as massive.", "Titan (moon) __knowledge__ Discovered in 1655 by the Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, Titan was the first known moon of Saturn, and the sixth known planetary satellite (after Earth's Moon and the four Galilean moons of Jupiter).", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ The rings of Saturn are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ They consist of countless small particles, ranging from μm to m in size, that orbit about Saturn.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ There is still no consensus as to their mechanism of formation; some features of the rings suggest a relatively recent origin, but theoretical models indicate they are likely to have formed early in the Solar System's history.", "Rings of Saturn __knowledge__ Although reflection from the rings increases Saturn's brightness, they are not visible from Earth with unaided vision.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ Space exploration is the ongoing discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of continuously evolving and growing space technology.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ While the study of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes, the physical exploration of space is conducted both by unmanned robotic space probes and human spaceflight.", "Space exploration __knowledge__ While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ Following is a sampling of some of NASA's past and present programs excluding manned spacecraft.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ The years in brackets are for first and latest launching.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ A program is a number of flights or missions with the same kind of satellite, therefore the name of the program and the name of the satellite used will often be the same.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ In all, NASA have made more than 1,000 unmanned missions into Earth orbit or beyond.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ The Explorer program continues and over more than five decades has launched 90+ missions into Space.", "Unmanned NASA missions __knowledge__ It has matured into one of NASA's lower-cost mission programs, relative to its other programs." ] ]	[ 4, 35, 59 ]	[ "Space travel to Mars really interests me. It has seasons very similar to Earth. What is your favorite planet?", "NASA has sent space exploration to Saturn, via the Cassini-Huygens mission. The purpose was to study the planet, rings, and moons.", "No Saturn is composed of iron-nickel and rock and many gases, so definitely not livable. I think we'd have to find an inhabitable planet outside of our solar system." ]	[ "Mars", "Mars", "Mars" ]
[ "Ballet", "I love ballet. I once saw a performance of \"Hallelujah\" on \"So You Think You Can Dance\" that made me cry.", "There are times it leaves a person so moved it is hard to speak.", "I have been to the \"Nutcracker\" before, but not a lot of ballet performances. I would love to see more." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) __knowledge__ \"Hallelujah\" is a song written by Canadian singer Leonard Cohen, originally released on his album \"Various Positions\" (1984).", "Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) __knowledge__ Achieving little initial success, the song found greater popular acclaim through a recording by John Cale, which inspired a recording by Jeff Buckley.", "Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) __knowledge__ It is considered as the \"baseline\" of secular hymns.", "Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) __knowledge__ Following its increased popularity after being featured in the film \"Shrek\" (2001), many other arrangements have been performed by many and various singers, both in recordings and in concert, with over 300 versions known.", "Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song) __knowledge__ The song has been used in film and television soundtracks and televised talent contests.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ Hurricane Babe was the second named storm and the first to impact the United States during the below-average 1977 Atlantic hurricane season.", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ Forming out of a tropical wave on September 3, Babe began as a subtropical cyclone in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ The storm gradually intensified as it tracked westward.", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ On September 5, the storm turned north and acquired enough tropical characteristics.", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ Later that day, Babe intensified into a hurricane and attained its peak strength with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 995 mbar (hPa; 29.38 inHg).", "Hurricane Babe __knowledge__ Several hours later, the hurricane made landfall in Louisiana and quickly weakened.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ \"Michael, Row the Boat Ashore\" (or \"Michael Rowed the Boat Ashore\", or \"Michael, Row Your Boat Ashore\", or \"Michael Row That Gospel Boat\") is a Negro spiritual.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ It was first noted during the American Civil War at St. Helena Island, one of the Sea Islands of South Carolina.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ It is cataloged as Roud Folk Song Index No.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ 11975.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ It was sung by former slaves whose owners had abandoned the island before the Union navy arrived to enforce a blockade.", "Michael Row the Boat Ashore __knowledge__ Charles Pickard Ware was an abolitionist and Harvard graduate who had come to supervise the plantations on St. Helena Island from 1862 to 1865, and he wrote down the song in music notation as he heard the freedmen sing it.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Tabitha A.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ D'umo (née Cortopassi; born September 11, 1973) and Napoleon Buddy D'umo (born October 17, 1968), known together as Nappytabs, are Emmy Award-winning married choreographers who are often credited with developing \"lyrical\" hip-hop.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They are best known for their choreography on the television show \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and for being supervising choreographers and executive producers of \"America's Best Dance Crew\".", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ Since being with the former, their choreography has received both praise and criticism.", "Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo __knowledge__ They own Nappytabs urban dancewear and have been working in the dance industry since 1996.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa is considered to be one of the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Petipa is noted for his long career as \"Premier maître de ballet\" (\"First Ballet Master\") of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, making him Ballet Master and principal choreographer of the Imperial Ballet (precursor of the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet), a position he held from 1871 until 1903.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa created over fifty ballets, some of which have survived in versions either faithful to, inspired by, or reconstructed from the original.", "Maria Tallchief __knowledge__ Elizabeth Marie \"Betty\" Tall Chief (Osage family name: \"Ki He Kah Stah Tsa\"; January 24, 1925 – April 11, 2013) was an American ballerina.", "Maria Tallchief __knowledge__ She was considered America's first major prima ballerina, and was the first Native American to hold the rank.", "Maria Tallchief __knowledge__ Almost from birth, Tall Chief was involved in dance, starting formal lessons at age three.", "Maria Tallchief __knowledge__ When she was eight, her family relocated from her birth home of Fairfax, Oklahoma, to Los Angeles, California, to advance the careers of her and her younger sister, Marjorie.", "Maria Tallchief __knowledge__ At age 17, she moved to New York City in search of a spot with a major ballet company, and, at the urging of her superiors, took the name Maria Tallchief.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Ballet spread from Italy to France with the help of Catherine de' Medici, where ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ An early example of Catherine's development of ballet is through 'Le Paradis d' Amour', a piece of work presented at her daughter's wedding, Marguerite de Valois to Henry of Navarre.", "History of ballet __knowledge__ Aristocratic money was responsible for the initial stages of development in 'court ballet', as it was royal money that dictated the ideas, literature and music used in ballets that were created to primarily entertain the aristocrats of the time.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement.", "Dance __knowledge__ This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture.", "Dance __knowledge__ Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.", "Dance __knowledge__ An important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance, although these two categories are not always completely separate; both may have special functions, whether social, ceremonial, competitive, erotic, martial, or sacred/liturgical.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet...", "Modern dance __knowledge__ Modern dance is a broad genre of western concert or theatrical dance, primarily arising out of Germany and the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Modern dance __knowledge__ Modern dance is often considered to have emerged as a rejection of, or rebellion against classical ballet.", "Modern dance __knowledge__ Socioeconomic and cultural factors also contributed to its development.", "Modern dance __knowledge__ In the late 19th century, dance artists such as Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, and Loie Fuller were pioneering new forms and practices in what is now called aesthetic or free dance for performance.", "Modern dance __knowledge__ These dancers disregarded ballet's strict movement vocabulary, the particular, limited set of movements that were considered proper to ballet, and stopped wearing corsets and pointe shoes in the search for greater freedom of movement.", "Turn board __knowledge__ A turn board (also known as turning board) is a training device commonly used in the fields of Ballet, dance, ice skating, and other athletics in order to aid in the development of various dance turns.", "Turn board __knowledge__ It is believed that regular use of a turning board may increase confidence and comfort while performing various moves that involve turns.", "Turn board __knowledge__ In dance and gymnastics, a turn is a rotation of the body about the vertical axis.", "Turn board __knowledge__ It is usually a complete rotation of the body, although quarter (90°) and half (180°) turns are possible for some types of turns The TurnBoard was developed by Ballet Is Fun, and it has become the world's most popular ballet training product." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ Although the original 1892 Marius Petipa production was not a success, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet \"The Nutcracker\" began to slowly enjoy worldwide popularity after Balanchine first staged his production of it in 1954.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ It may now be the most popular ballet in the world.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ In Russia, choreographer Alexander Gorsky staged a new version of the work in 1919 that addressed many of the criticisms of the original 1892 production by casting adult dancers in the roles of Clara and the Prince, rather than children.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ This not only introduced a love interest into the story by making Clara and the Prince adults, but provided the dancers portraying Clara and the Prince with more of an opportunity to participate in the dancing.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Bronislava Nijinska (; , \"Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya\", ); ( — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ She came of age in a family of professional dancers.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Her career started in Sankt Peterburg, adventured to Paris, returned to Russia, then crested in France, and continued in Europe and the Americas.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ Nijinska played a pioneering role in the movement that diverged from 19th-century classical ballet.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ The introduction of modern form and motion, and a minimalist narrative, set the stage for neoclassical works to come.", "Bronislava Nijinska __knowledge__ After formal ballet training in Sankt Peterburg the Russian capital, she became an 'Artist of the Imperial Theatres' in 1908.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa is considered to be one of the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Petipa is noted for his long career as \"Premier maître de ballet\" (\"First Ballet Master\") of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, making him Ballet Master and principal choreographer of the Imperial Ballet (precursor of the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet), a position he held from 1871 until 1903.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa created over fifty ballets, some of which have survived in versions either faithful to, inspired by, or reconstructed from the original.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ The Rite of Spring (; ) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ It was written for the 1913 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company; the original choreography was by Vaslav Nijinsky, with stage designs and costumes by Nicholas Roerich.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ When first performed, at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on 29 May 1913, the avant-garde nature of the music and choreography caused a sensation and a near-riot in the audience.", "The Rite of Spring __knowledge__ Although designed as a work for the stage, with specific passages accompanying characters and action, the music achieved equal if not greater recognition as a concert piece and is widely considered to be one of the most influential musical works of the 20th century.", "Ondine (ballet) __knowledge__ Ondine is a ballet in three acts created by the choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton and composer Hans Werner Henze.", "Ondine (ballet) __knowledge__ Ashton originally produced \"Ondine\" for the Royal Ballet in 1958, with Henze commissioned to produce the original score, published as \"Undine\", which has since been restaged by other choreographers.", "Ondine (ballet) __knowledge__ The ballet was adapted from a novella titled \"Undine\" by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué and it tells the tale of a water nymph who is the object of desire of a young prince named Palemon.", "Ondine (ballet) __knowledge__ The première of the ballet took place at the Royal Opera House, London, on 27 October 1958, with the composer as guest conductor.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music.", "History of music in Paris __knowledge__ Paris has been home to many important composers, to name a few: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet..." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.", "Ballet __knowledge__ It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres/cultures.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.", "Ballet __knowledge__ See glossary of ballet.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production.", "Ballet __knowledge__ A well-known example of this is \"The Nutcracker\", a two-act ballet originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a music score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers.", "Ballet __knowledge__ Traditional classical ballets usually are performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, often are performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ Although the original 1892 Marius Petipa production was not a success, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet \"The Nutcracker\" began to slowly enjoy worldwide popularity after Balanchine first staged his production of it in 1954.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ It may now be the most popular ballet in the world.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ In Russia, choreographer Alexander Gorsky staged a new version of the work in 1919 that addressed many of the criticisms of the original 1892 production by casting adult dancers in the roles of Clara and the Prince, rather than children.", "List of productions of The Nutcracker __knowledge__ This not only introduced a love interest into the story by making Clara and the Prince adults, but provided the dancers portraying Clara and the Prince with more of an opportunity to participate in the dancing.", "The Nutcracker __knowledge__ The Nutcracker ( / \"Shchelkunchik, Balet-feyeriya\" ; ) is a two-act ballet, originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (op.", "The Nutcracker __knowledge__ 71).", "The Nutcracker __knowledge__ The libretto is adapted from E. T. A. Hoffmann's story \"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King\", by way of Alexandre Dumas' adapted story \"The Nutcracker\".", "The Nutcracker __knowledge__ It was given its premiere at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg on Sunday, December 18, 1892, on a double-bill with Tchaikovsky's opera \"Iolanta\".", "The Nutcracker __knowledge__ Although the original production was not a success, the 20-minute suite that Tchaikovsky extracted from the ballet was.", "San Francisco Ballet __knowledge__ San Francisco Ballet is a ballet company, founded in 1933 as the San Francisco Opera Ballet under the leadership of ballet master Adolph Bolm.", "San Francisco Ballet __knowledge__ The company is currently based in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, under the direction of Helgi Tomasson.", "San Francisco Ballet __knowledge__ San Francisco Ballet was the first professional ballet company in the United States.", "San Francisco Ballet __knowledge__ It is among the world's leading dance companies, presenting more than 100 performances annually, with a repertoire that spans both classical and contemporary ballet.", "San Francisco Ballet __knowledge__ Along with American Ballet Theatre and the New York City Ballet, San Francisco Ballet has been described as part of the \"triumvirate of great classical companies defining the American style on the world stage today\".", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ Atlanta Ballet is a ballet company, located in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ It is the longest continuously performing ballet company in the United States and the State Ballet of Georgia.", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ Atlanta Ballet was founded in 1929 by Dorothy Alexander as the Dorothy Alexander Concert Group.", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ During the 1940s, the organization was known as the Atlanta Civic Ballet, with Dorothy Alexander acting as Director.", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ It was the nation's first regional ballet company.", "Atlanta Ballet __knowledge__ In 1946, the Company became the first in the nation to help fund a symphony by donating the season's annual proceeds to the Atlanta Youth Symphony, which later developed into the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra.", "Swan Lake (1895) __knowledge__ The 1917 Petipa/Ivanov/Drigo revival of Swan Lake is a famous version of the ballet \"Swan Lake\", (ru.", "Swan Lake (1895) __knowledge__ \"Лебединое Озеро\"), (fr.", "Swan Lake (1895) __knowledge__ \"Le Lac des Cygnes\").", "Swan Lake (1895) __knowledge__ This is a ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky based on an ancient German legend, presented in either four acts, four scenes (primarily outside Russia and Eastern Europe), three acts, four scenes (primarily in Russia and Eastern Europe) or, more rarely, in two acts, four scenes.", "Swan Lake (1895) __knowledge__ Originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger to the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (opus 20), it was first presented as \"The Lake of the Swans\" by the Ballet of the Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre on 20 February/4 March 1877 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates) in Moscow, Russia.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Colorado Ballet encompasses a 31-member professional performing ballet company, a studio company for advanced dance students, an Academy, and an education and outreach department.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Based in downtown Denver, Colorado, Colorado Ballet serves more than 125,000 patrons each year.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ The professional company performs primarily at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House in the Denver Performing Arts Complex and one show each year at the Robert and Judi Newman Center for Performing Arts at the University of Denver.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ Colorado Ballet performs classical ballets and contemporary works.", "Colorado Ballet __knowledge__ The Colorado Ballet Orchestra performs with the Company at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House, either at three or four productions a year.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa is considered to be one of the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Marius Petipa is noted for his long career as \"Premier maître de ballet\" (\"First Ballet Master\") of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, making him Ballet Master and principal choreographer of the Imperial Ballet (precursor of the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet), a position he held from 1871 until 1903.", "Marius Petipa __knowledge__ Petipa created over fifty ballets, some of which have survived in versions either faithful to, inspired by, or reconstructed from the original.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is a form of domestic violence and sexual abuse.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ Although, historically, sexual intercourse within marriage was regarded as a right of spouses, engaging in the act without the spouse's consent is now widely recognized by law and society as a wrong and as a crime.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ It is recognized as rape by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions, and increasingly criminalized.", "Marital rape __knowledge__ The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more specifically, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It may be termed \"intimate partner violence\" when committed by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships, or between former spouses or partners.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ Domestic violence can also involve violence against children, parents, or the elderly, and may be done for self-defense.", "Domestic violence __knowledge__ It takes a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation may be used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.", "Meditation __knowledge__ It may be done while sitting, repeating a mantra, and closing the eyes in a quiet environment.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation has been practiced since antiquity in numerous religious traditions and beliefs.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, it has spread from its Asian origins to Western cultures where it is commonly practiced in private and business life.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation is under psychological, neurological, and cardiovascular research to define its possible health effects.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence." ] ]	[ 1, 6, 3, 18 ]	[ "Ballet originated during the 15th century and only later turned into a concert dance form in France and Russia.", "I would love to see the choreography and hear the music in a ballet production.", "As it is globally influential and has defined techniques used in many cultures, I would love to attend the ballet at least once.", "I would love to see \"The Nutcracker\" as I hear it is amazing. It surprises me that the original production was not a success although the 20-minute suite Tchaikovsky extracted was a success." ]	[ "Ballet", "Ballet", "Ballet", "Ballet" ]
[ "Cat\nI have two cats names Sam and Dean", "yeah they are two tabbys", "I have heard that they can pick up on our emotions'", "I guess that helps them since danger early", "That is really cool I had no idea they could do that!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The term Kilkenny cat refers to anyone who is a tenacious fighter.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The origin of the term is now lost so there are many stories purporting to give the true meaning.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ To \"fight like a Kilkenny cat\" refers to an old story about two cats who fought to the death and ate each other up such that only their tails were left.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ There is also a limerick (with optional added couplet) about the two cats: The story has many roots.", "Kilkenny cat __knowledge__ The earliest suggested origin is that according to Irish legend, the monster cat Banghaisgidheach made its home in Dunmore Caves in Kilkenny County, about 6 miles north of Kilkenny city.", "Food and drink in Birmingham __knowledge__ As with any large town or city, food and drink has played an important role in the commerce and culture of Birmingham, England.", "Food and drink in Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham soup - In the late 18th century poor harvests in England resulted in high food prices and the resultant opening of soup kitchens to provide cheap, nourishing food for the poor.", "Food and drink in Birmingham __knowledge__ In 1793 the inventor and industrialist, Matthew Boulton, noted a recipe in one of his notebooks for a soup was which intended to be sold for a penny a quart.", "Food and drink in Birmingham __knowledge__ This was a hearty broth made up of stewed beef and vegetables served with a slice of bread.", "Food and drink in Birmingham __knowledge__ In 2014 Glynn Purnell recreated the dish as a fine dining course and served it at his restaurant, \"Purnell's\".", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Trap Happy is a 1946 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 25th \"Tom and Jerry\" short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was animated by Ed Barge, Kenneth Muse, Michael Lah, Ray Patterson and Pete Burness.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ The music was composed by Scott Bradley.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was released to theaters on June 29, 1946.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It was re-issued on March 6, 1954.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ It is one of Tom and Jerry's most violent cartoons.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry Mouse is being chased down the steps by Tom Cat.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry hides under a chair and Tom runs under it, but gets smacked on the bottom with a board from Jerry.", "Trap Happy __knowledge__ Jerry's mouse hole is then mined with dynamite, but unknowingly for Tom, Jerry has lit another firework under him, and both explode.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ Think Think () and Ah Tsai () are two cats belonging to the President of Taiwan, Dr. Tsai Ing-wen.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ The former law professor was elected President on 16 January 2016, and assumed office on 20 May 2016.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ She is one of the first women elected to lead an Asian state without coming from a political dynasty, and the first to officially govern a Chinese-speaking nation since Empress Wu Zetian in the eighth century.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ \"Think Think\" was adopted by Tsai in 2012, after being brought to her as a homeless kitten by Hsiao Bi-khim, a legislator in Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party.", "Think Think and Ah Tsai __knowledge__ Hsiao had found the kitten on a muddy road by a railway station near Hualien after Typhoon Saola." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Nyuserre Ini __knowledge__ Nyuserre Ini (also Niuserre Ini or Neuserre Ini; in Greek known as Rathurês, \"´Ραθούρης\") was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.", "Nyuserre Ini __knowledge__ He is credited with a reign of 24 to 35 years depending on the scholar, and likely lived in the second half of the 25th century BCE.", "Nyuserre Ini __knowledge__ Nyuserre was the younger son of Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II, and the brother of the short-lived king Neferefre.", "Nyuserre Ini __knowledge__ He may have succeeded his brother directly, as indicated by much later historical sources.", "Nyuserre Ini __knowledge__ Alternatively, Shepseskare may have reigned between the two as advocated by Miroslav Verner, albeit only for a few weeks or months at the most.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The Iriomote cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis\") is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ It has been listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the only population comprises fewer than 250 adult individuals and is considered declining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ As of 2007, there were an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is called .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ In local dialects of the Yaeyama language, it is known as , , and .", "Iriomote cat __knowledge__ The fur of the Iriomote cat is mostly dark gray and light brown, with lighter hair on the belly and insides of the limbs.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins; it is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ The series follows the adventures of four Clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, their warriors ancestors, and spirits in the stars, who guide the four clans.", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ SkyClan, the long-forgotten fifth Clan of the forest, is later introduced in the stand-alone novel \"Firestar's Quest\".", "Warriors (novel series) __knowledge__ It receives additional focus in the novel \"SkyClan's Destiny\", the manga trilogy \"SkyClan and the Stranger\", and the 2013 novella \"Cloudstar's Journey\".", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ The Manx cat (, in earlier times often spelled Manks), is a breed of domestic cat (\"Felis catus\") originating on the Isle of Man, with a naturally occurring mutation that shortens the tail.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Many Manx have a small stub of a tail, but Manx cats are best known as being entirely tailless; this is the most distinguishing characteristic of the breed, along with elongated hind legs and a rounded head.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Manx cats come in all coat colours and patterns, though all-white specimens are rare, and the coat range of the original stock was more limited.", "Manx cat __knowledge__ Long-haired variants are sometimes considered a separate breed, the Cymric.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The concept of race as a rough division of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\") has a long and complicated history.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The word \"race\" itself is modern and was used in the sense of \"nation, ethnic group\" during the 16th to 19th century, and only acquired its modern meaning in the field of physical anthropology from the mid 19th century.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The politicization of the field under the concept of racism in the 20th century has led to a decline in racial studies during the 1930s to 1980s, culminating in a poststructuralist deconstruction of race as a social construct.", "Historical race concepts __knowledge__ The word \"race\", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in about 1580, from the Old French ' (1512), from Italian '." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation.", "Emotion __knowledge__ In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion.", "Emotion __knowledge__ Those acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events.", "Emotion __knowledge__ For example, the realization of our believing that we are in a dangerous situation and the subsequent arousal of our body's nervous system (rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of our feeling afraid.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ The study of music and emotion seeks to understand the psychological relationship between human affect and music.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ It is a branch of music psychology with numerous areas of study, including the nature of emotional reactions to music, how characteristics of the listener may determine which emotions are felt, and which components of a musical composition or performance may elicit certain reactions.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ The field draws upon and has significant implications for such areas as philosophy, musicology, music theory and aesthetics, as well the acts of musical composition and performance.", "Music and emotion __knowledge__ Two of the most influential philosophers in the aesthetics of music are Stephen Davies and Jerrold Levinson.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ According to some theories, emotions are universal phenomena, albeit affected by culture.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ Emotions are \"internal phenomena that can, but do not always, make themselves observable through expression and behavior\".", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ While some emotions are universal and are experienced in similar ways as a reaction to similar events across all cultures, other emotions show considerable cultural differences in their antecedent events, the way they are experienced, the reactions they provoke and the way they are perceived by the surrounding society.", "Emotions and culture __knowledge__ According to other theories, termed social constructionist, emotions are more deeply culturally influenced.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Regulation of emotion describes ways that people attempt to regulate their emotions, for instance by denying, intensifying, weakening, curtailing, masking, or completely hiding them.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Emotion regulation can also be described as the process in which people modify their emotional reactions—the coping processes that increase or decrease the intensity of the moment.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Human lives can be divided into three major stages: childhood, adolescence and adulthood.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ During each of these phases regulation of emotions drastically improves.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ There are individual differences in the way people regulate their emotions and in how well they do it.", "Functional accounts of emotion __knowledge__ A functional account of emotions posits that emotions facilitate adaptive responses to environmental challenges.", "Functional accounts of emotion __knowledge__ In other words, emotions are systems that respond to environmental input, such as a social or physical challenge, and produce adaptive output, such as a particular behavior.", "Functional accounts of emotion __knowledge__ Under such accounts, emotions can manifest in maladaptive feelings and behaviors, but they are largely beneficial insofar as they inform and prepare individuals to respond to environmental challenges, and play a crucial role in structuring social interactions and relationships.", "Functional accounts of emotion __knowledge__ Researchers who subscribe to a functional perspective of emotions disagree as to whether to define emotions and their respective functions in terms of evolutionary adaptation or in terms of socially constructed concepts.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ The social sharing of emotions is a phenomenon in the field of psychology that concerns the tendency to recount and share emotional experiences with others.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ According to this area of research, emotional experiences are not uniquely fleeting and internal.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ Scientific studies of catastrophes and important life events demonstrate the propensity of victims to talk about their experiences and express their emotions.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ At the onset of these empirical studies, Rimé et al.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ coined the term “social sharing of emotions” in 1991 to name the observed phenomenon.", "Social sharing of emotions __knowledge__ This research was a significant development in social psychology because it questioned the accepted view of emotions—that emotions are short-lived and intrapersonal episodes—that was prevalent in the literature.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in animals.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ His observational (and sometimes anecdotal) approach has developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ General hypotheses relating to correlates between humans and animals also support the claim that animals may feel emotions and that human emotions evolved from the same mechanisms.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Several tests, such as cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models, have been developed.", "Emotion in animals __knowledge__ Cognitive biases (feelings of optimism or pessimism) have been shown in a wide range of species including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs and honeybees.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Vermin (Edward Whelan) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ The character's first appearance was in \"Captain America\" #272 (August 1982).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ He was created by J. M. DeMatteis and Mike Zeck.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Edward Whelan suffered severe physical and sexual abuse as a child from his father.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ As an adult, he became a geneticist working for Baron Helmut Zemo and Primus I (who was impersonating Arnim Zola).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ In an experiment with the Primus/Arnim Zola imposter, his skin becomes a light pinkish fur color and he ends up resembling a cannibalistic, humanoid rat.", "Bedlington Terrier __knowledge__ The Bedlington Terrier is a breed of small dog named after the mining town of Bedlington, Northumberland in North East England.", "Bedlington Terrier __knowledge__ Originally bred to hunt vermin in mines, the Bedlington Terrier has since been used in dog racing, numerous dog sports, as well as in conformation shows and as a companion dog.", "Bedlington Terrier __knowledge__ It is closely related to the Dandie Dinmont Terrier, Whippet and Otterhound.", "Bedlington Terrier __knowledge__ It is described as a very versatile yet contradictory dog, being both good with children and \"fit to kill any other dog of his weight\".", "Bedlington Terrier __knowledge__ They have powerful swimming skills, comparable to those of water dogs such as the Newfoundland, and are noted for being very quick and having high endurance.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ The cultural depiction of cats and their relationship to humans is old and stretches back over 9,500 years.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ Cats are featured in the history of many nations, are the subject of legend and are a favorite subject of artists and writers.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ Cats were originally domesticated because they hunted mice that would eat stored grains, protecting the food stores.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ It was a beneficial situation for both species: cats got a reliable source of prey, and humans got effortless pest control.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ This mutually beneficial arrangement began the relationship between cats and humans which continues to this day.", "Cultural depictions of cats __knowledge__ While the exact history of human interaction with cats is still somewhat vague, a shallow grave site discovered in 1983 in Cyprus, dating to 7500 BCE, during the Neolithic period, contains the skeleton of a human, buried ceremonially with stone tools, a lump of iron oxide, and a handful of seashells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "Pembroke Dock __knowledge__ Pembroke Dock () is a town in Pembrokeshire, South West Wales, northwest of Pembroke on the banks of the River Cleddau.", "Pembroke Dock __knowledge__ Originally Paterchurch, a small fishing village, Pembroke Dock town expanded rapidly following the construction of the Royal Navy Dockyard in 1814.", "Pembroke Dock __knowledge__ After Haverfordwest and Milford Haven, Pembroke Dock is the third-largest town in Pembrokeshire .", "Pembroke Dock __knowledge__ The natural harbour offering shelter from the prevailing south westerly winds has probably been used for many thousands of years, but the first evidence of settlement from maps is the name of the Carr Rocks at the entrance, derived from the Norse-language \"Skare\" for rock.", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ Canada's Greatest Know-It-All is a reality series that debuted January 30, 2012, on Discovery Channel (Canada).", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ In the series, ten competitors claim to be \"know-it-alls\" and compete in a series of challenges.", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ The challengers depend upon practical knowledge of physics, mathematics, and engineering to succeed at the challenges, as well as an ability to overcome the stereotype of know-it-alls, that a know-it-all believes that he or she knows everything and does not depend on other people's knowledge.", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ The series is hosted and narrated by Daniel Fathers.", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ Each episode contains three challenges.", "Canada's Greatest Know-It-All __knowledge__ All competitors compete in the first two challenges: at the end of each challenge, one competitor is sent to the Danger Zone for the poorest performance.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The Guess Who are a Canadian rock band, formed in Winnipeg in 1965.", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Initially gaining recognition in Canada, the group found international success from the late 1960s through the mid-1970s with many hit singles, including \"No Time\", \"American Woman\", \"Laughing\", \"These Eyes\", \"Undun\" and \"Share the Land\".", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ The band have continued to perform and record to the present day; and at various times have included many well-known musicians, including Burton Cummings and Randy Bachman (of Bachman–Turner Overdrive).", "The Guess Who __knowledge__ Formed as a garage rock band, their musical style encompassed the pop rock and psychedelic rock genres.", "Capitalism __knowledge__ Capitalism is an economic system and ideology based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.", "Capitalism __knowledge__ Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system and competitive markets.", "Capitalism __knowledge__ In a capitalist market economy, decision-making and investment are determined by every owner of wealth, property or production ability in financial and capital markets, whereas prices and the distribution of goods and services are mainly determined by competition in goods and services markets.", "Capitalism __knowledge__ Economists, political economists, sociologists, and historians have adopted different perspectives in their analyses of capitalism and have recognized various forms of it in practice.", "Sound localization __knowledge__ Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.", "Sound localization __knowledge__ It may also refer to the methods in acoustical engineering to simulate the placement of an auditory cue in a virtual 3D space (see binaural recording, wave field synthesis).", "Sound localization __knowledge__ The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied.", "Sound localization __knowledge__ The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time- and level-differences (or intensity-difference) between both ears, spectral information, timing analysis, correlation analysis, and pattern matching.", "Hearing range __knowledge__ Hearing range describes the range of frequencies that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels.", "Hearing range __knowledge__ The human range is commonly given as 20 to 20,000 Hz, though there is considerable variation between individuals, especially at high frequencies, and a gradual loss of sensitivity to higher frequencies with age is considered normal.", "Hearing range __knowledge__ Sensitivity also varies with frequency, as shown by equal-loudness contours.", "Hearing range __knowledge__ Routine investigation for hearing loss usually involves an audiogram which shows threshold levels relative to a normal.", "Hearing range __knowledge__ Several animal species are able to hear frequencies well beyond the human hearing range.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ Claudio Marzocco (born 21 February 1959) is an Italian engineer and businessman.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of the Marzocco Group, one of the leading real estate development companies in Monaco.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ In 1983, Marzocco graduated from the University of Padova with a civil engineering diploma and started working as an engineer in the construction sector in Italy.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ In 1988, he was kidnapped for two weeks by the Calabria-based mafia N'drangheta.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ The kidnappers demanded a ransom from the Marzocco family, but Claudio Marzocco managed to escape after 15 days of abduction.", "Claudio Marzocco __knowledge__ “A week later, my whole family moved to Monaco where we found security for both ourselves and our business”, he said during an interview with French magazine L’Express.", "La Marzocco __knowledge__ La Marzocco, founded in 1927, Florence, by Giuseppe and Bruno Bambi, has traditionally specialized in producing high end, hand-crafted professional espresso coffee machines geared towards excellence.", "La Marzocco __knowledge__ The Florentine town of Scarperia hosts the factory and company headquarters and its branch offices are located in Barcelona, London, Leeds, Melbourne, Milan, Seattle, Seoul and Sydney.", "La Marzocco __knowledge__ La Marzocco continues to maintain the tradition of an artisanal approach in its production process.", "La Marzocco __knowledge__ The development of its knowhow is generational and the craftsmanship is accompanied by the pursuit of the most advanced technologies.", "Marzocco __knowledge__ The Marzocco is the heraldic lion that is a symbol of Florence, and was apparently the first piece of public secular sculpture commissioned by the Republic of Florence, in the late 14th century.", "Marzocco __knowledge__ It stood at the heart of the city in the Piazza della Signoria at the end of the platform attached to the Palazzo Vecchio called the \"ringhiera\", from which speakers traditionally harangued the crowd.", "Marzocco __knowledge__ This is now lost, having weathered with time to an unrecognizable mass of stone.", "Marzocco __knowledge__ The best known rendition is by Donatello, made in 1418–20.", "Marzocco __knowledge__ Donatello’s \"Marzocco\" was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1812, but in 1885 it was moved to the Bargello, having been replaced by the copy we see to this day.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a type of hearing loss, or deafness, in which the root cause lies in the inner ear or sensory organ (cochlea and associated structures) or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) or neural part.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ SNHL accounts for about 90% of hearing loss reported.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ SNHL is generally permanent and can be mild, moderate, severe, profound, or total.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ Various other descriptors can be used depending on the shape of the audiogram, such as high frequency, low frequency, U-shaped, notched, peaked, or flat.", "Sensorineural hearing loss __knowledge__ \"Sensory\" hearing loss often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient cochlear hair cells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy’s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead, vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this perspective.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" is a concept album, with each song telling the story of the protagonist's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ A rough mix of \"Car Underwater\" was made available in November, followed by two US tours in February 2005.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ \"Dirty Picture\" is a song by British R&B singer Taio Cruz, released from his second studio album, \"Rokstarr\" (2009).", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Cruz alongside Fraser T Smith, and later released as the album's third single on 5 April 2010.", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ Originally, Cruz wanted the female vocals to be done by Lady Gaga but opted to switch to Kesha due to heavy influence by Dr. Luke and for finding her voice unique.", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ It was released as the third single from \"Rokstarr\" on 5 April 2010 and was later re-recorded as an album bonus track for Kesha's debut album, \"Animal\", dubbed the \"Kesha edit\".", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song is about sending a dirty picture to a significant other whom you miss.", "Third Battle of Petersburg __knowledge__ The Third Battle of Petersburg, also known as the Breakthrough at Petersburg or the Fall of Petersburg, was fought on April 2, 1865, south and southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, at the end of the 292-day Richmond–Petersburg Campaign (sometimes called the Siege of Petersburg) and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign near the conclusion of the American Civil War.", "Third Battle of Petersburg __knowledge__ The Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James) under the overall command of General-in-chief, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, launched an assault on General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's Petersburg, Virginia trenches and fortifications after the Union victory at the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, 1865.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" is a song by the British rock band Queen.", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ It was written by Freddie Mercury for the band's 1975 album \"A Night at the Opera\".", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ It is a six-minute suite, consisting of several sections without a chorus: an intro, a ballad segment, an operatic passage, a hard rock part and a reflective coda.", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ The song is a more accessible take on the 1970s progressive rock genre.", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ It was reportedly the most expensive single ever made at the time of its release, although the exact cost of production cannot be determined.", "Bohemian Rhapsody __knowledge__ When it was released as a single, \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" became a commercial success, staying at the top of the UK Singles Chart for nine weeks and selling more than a million copies by the end of January 1976.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ The 1883 Open Championship was the 23rd Open Championship, held 16 November at the Musselburgh Links, Musselburgh, East Lothian, Scotland.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ Willie Fernie and Bob Ferguson were tied on 158 each.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ They had a 36-hole playoff on 17 November, Fernie winning by a single stroke from Ferguson.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ The weather was dull with light winds.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ Play did not begin until about 11:30 and with an early sunset the final groups played their last few holes in near darkness.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ Fernie led at lunch with rounds of 38 and 37.", "1883 Open Championship __knowledge__ His total of 75 was two ahead of Willie Park, Jr. and three ahead of Ferguson, the defending champion who had had rounds of 38 and 40.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano, starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ The film centers on the encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's disturbed owner-manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.", "Psycho (1960 film) __knowledge__ \"Psycho\" was seen as a departure from Hitchcock's previous film \"North by Northwest\", having been filmed on a low budget, with a television crew and in black and white." ] ]	[ 2, 3, 7, 8, 12 ]	[ "Are they house cats? Do they have any distinguishing characteristics? ", "I know that cats are also valued for their companionship and their ability to hunt vermin.", "Well they are pretty sensitive. They hear sounds too faint and too high for human ears.", "Yeah they can also see in near darkness", "If you decide to breed your cats, you would have hobby known as cat fancy" ]	[ "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat" ]
[ "People watching", "Do you enjoy doing that", "Do you love subconscious activity ?", "Yes sometimes I do that" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching or crowd watching is the act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge.", "People watching __knowledge__ It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story.", "People watching __knowledge__ This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities.", "People watching __knowledge__ Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required.", "People watching __knowledge__ For some people it is considered a hobby, but for many others it is a subconscious activity they partake in everyday without even realizing.", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching is not to be confused with naturalistic observation.", "People watching __knowledge__ Naturalistic observation is used for scientific purposes, whereas people watching is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works.", "People watching __knowledge__ It should also not be confused with street photography; while the street photographer necessarily does people watching, he or she does so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes.", "People watching __knowledge__ Proper People Watching should follow Expectation of Privacy principles, as well not be unethical or degrading the subjects.", "People watching __knowledge__ The legislation concerning non-consented pictures of people varies between countries and should also be observed, such as with Wikipedia's own Commons page." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching or crowd watching is the act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge.", "People watching __knowledge__ It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story.", "People watching __knowledge__ This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities.", "People watching __knowledge__ Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required.", "People watching __knowledge__ For some people it is considered a hobby, but for many others it is a subconscious activity they partake in everyday without even realizing.", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching is not to be confused with naturalistic observation.", "People watching __knowledge__ Naturalistic observation is used for scientific purposes, whereas people watching is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works.", "People watching __knowledge__ It should also not be confused with street photography; while the street photographer necessarily does people watching, he or she does so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes.", "People watching __knowledge__ Proper People Watching should follow Expectation of Privacy principles, as well not be unethical or degrading the subjects.", "People watching __knowledge__ The legislation concerning non-consented pictures of people varies between countries and should also be observed, such as with Wikipedia's own Commons page.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ Enjoy!", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ is the third album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1986 through New Alliance Records and Restless Records.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ It was the band's final album with guitarist Ray Cooper and only album with bassist Doug Carrion, both of whom left the group after the album's first supporting tour.", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ \"Enjoy!\"", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ was marked by the use of toilet humor, with references to defecation and flatulence in its artwork, the title track, and \"Orgofart\".", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ It also displayed a darker, more heavy metal-influenced sound in the songs \"Hürtin' Crüe\", \"Days Are Blood\", and \"Orgo 51\".", "Enjoy! (Descendents album) __knowledge__ Reviewers were critical of both the scatological humor and the heavier songs on the album.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Enjoy the Arts is a 501(c) nonprofit organization located in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Founded in 1981 by socialite Irma Lazarus and Phyllis Weston, Enjoy the Arts aimed to connect young audiences with Cincinnati's arts, culture and entertainment.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ In 2017, Enjoy the Arts merged with ArtsWave, Greater Cincinnati's local arts agency and the nation's first and largest community campaign for the arts.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ The original organization made its mark as Young Friends of the Arts in the 1960s.", "Enjoy the Arts __knowledge__ Inspired to introduce the University of Cincinnati’s College Conservatory of Music students to the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra with Phyllis Weston and Irma Lazarus as co-founders of the organization.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ Enjoy Yourself is the second studio album by Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ It was released by PWL on 9 October 1989.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ In the United States, it was released in 1990 by Geffen Records and was Minogue's last album released in the region until her eighth studio album \"Fever\" (2001).", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ The album was produced and written by Stock Aitken Waterman, with the exception of \"Tears on My Pillow\".", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ It has been noted that the album is very similar to Minogue's debut album, \"Kylie\".", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ There were four singles released from the album.", "Enjoy Yourself (Kylie Minogue album) __knowledge__ The debut single was \"Hand on Your Heart\", which had charting success, peaking at number four in Australia and number one in the United Kingdom.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ \"Enjoy the Silence\" is a song by the English electronic band Depeche Mode, taken from their seventh studio album, \"Violator\" (1990).", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The song was recorded in 1989 and released on 16 January 1990 as the album's second single.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The single is Gold certificated in the US and Germany.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ The song won Best British Single at the 1991 BRIT Awards.", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ \"Enjoy the Silence\" was re-released as a single in 2004 for the Depeche Mode remix project \"Remixes 81–04\", and was titled \"Enjoy the Silence (Reinterpreted)\" or, more simply, \"Enjoy the Silence 04\".", "Enjoy the Silence __knowledge__ Songwriter Martin Gore created a ballad-like first version of the song, which the band took into the studio in 1990.", "Hangang Park __knowledge__ Hangang Park (Korean: 한강공원) is a park in Seoul, South Korea.", "Hangang Park __knowledge__ It is made up of 12 parks, which is Gwangnaru Park, Jamsil Park, Ttukseom Park, Jamwon Park, Ichon Park, Banpo Park, Mangwon Park, Yeouido Park, Nanji Park, Gangseo Park, Yanghwa Park, and Seonyudo Park.", "Hangang Park __knowledge__ Hangang Park was built from 1982 to 1986, with the government's launch of the Hangang River Development Project.", "Hangang Park __knowledge__ The main goal of the project was to create an environmently friendly space that the citizens of Seoul, Koreans, foreigners and tourist can enjoy.", "Hangang Park __knowledge__ While building the Hangang Park, a section of Hangang, 41.5km long and 39.9km large, turned into a river of 2.5m of average depth and 1km of average width.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters seen in the American animated television series \"12 oz.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ Mouse\".", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ \"Voice and guitar by Matt Maiellaro\" Also known as \"Fitz\", Mouse Fitzgerald is an alcoholic, amnesiac, anthropomorphic green mouse who struggles to survive and understand the world in which he is trapped.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ Fitz seldom answers a question directly and often relies on circumlocution, non sequiturs, or insults to evade a clear response.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ He and his \"only friend\" Skillet drive around town in a yellow jet fighter taxi, commit crimes, stage gun fights, and play rock music.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ An accomplished Metal guitarist (can play both right-hander and left-hander guitars as seen in \"Spider\"), he is often at odds with Skillet's timing on the drums.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ Enjoy Yourself Tonight or E.Y.T.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ was a popular variety show in Hong Kong.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ It first aired on TVB Jade on 20 November 1967.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ The show lasted 27 years with its last broadcast on Friday, 7 October 1994.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ During the 1980s, it was compared with the American \"Saturday Night Live\" as one of the world's longest running live-shows.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ \"Enjoy Yourself Tonight\" was created by Robert Chua in 1967, when he was just 21 years old.", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ At that time the first General Manager of TVB, Australian Colin Bendall, wished to create a variety show in a format similar to \"In Melbourne Tonight\".", "Enjoy Yourself Tonight __knowledge__ Chua was given the task of creating such a show, and after spending five months observing the popular culture and everyday lives in Hong Kong, \"Enjoy Yourself Tonight\" made its premiere, and instantly gained huge popularity.", "Social psychology __knowledge__ Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.", "Social psychology __knowledge__ In this definition, \"scientific\" refers to the empirical investigation using the scientific method.", "Social psychology __knowledge__ The terms \"thoughts\", \"feelings\", and \"behaviors\" refer to psychological variables that can be measured in humans.", "Social psychology __knowledge__ The statement that others' presence may be \"imagined\" or \"implied\" suggests that humans are malleable to social influences even when alone, such as when watching television or following internalized cultural norms.", "Social psychology __knowledge__ Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and social situations.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Nonverbal communication (NVC) between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless clues.", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ It can also include chronemics (the use of time) and oculesics (eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate).", "Nonverbal communication __knowledge__ Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Western Church.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.", "Glossary of ancient Roman religion __knowledge__ For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the ITV science fiction television series \"Primeval\", including supporting characters.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series originally features a cast of five main characters plus supporting cast who investigate time anomalies for the British government.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ The series 1 cast is made up of Douglas Henshall as Professor Nick Cutter, James Murray as Stephen Hart, Andrew-Lee Potts as Connor Temple, Lucy Brown as Claudia Brown and Hannah Spearritt as Abby Maitland, with Juliet Aubrey as Helen Cutter, Ben Miller as James Lester and Mark Wakeling as Captain Tom Ryan.", "List of Primeval characters __knowledge__ In the final episode of Series 1, Captain Tom Ryan is killed off, and Claudia Brown disappears.", "Mirror-touch synesthesia __knowledge__ Mirror-touch synesthesia is a rare condition which causes individuals to experience the same sensation (such as touch) that another person feels.", "Mirror-touch synesthesia __knowledge__ For example, if someone with this condition were to observe someone touching their cheek, they would feel the same sensation on their own cheek.", "Mirror-touch synesthesia __knowledge__ Synesthesia, in general, is described as a condition in which a stimulus causes an individual to experience an additional sensation.", "Mirror-touch synesthesia __knowledge__ Synesthesia is usually a developmental condition; however, recent research has shown that mirror touch synesthesia can be acquired after sensory loss following amputation.", "Mirror-touch synesthesia __knowledge__ Three conditions must be met in order to confirm the presence of mirror touch synesthesia.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching or crowd watching is the act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge.", "People watching __knowledge__ It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story.", "People watching __knowledge__ This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities.", "People watching __knowledge__ Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required.", "People watching __knowledge__ For some people it is considered a hobby, but for many others it is a subconscious activity they partake in everyday without even realizing.", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching is not to be confused with naturalistic observation.", "People watching __knowledge__ Naturalistic observation is used for scientific purposes, whereas people watching is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works.", "People watching __knowledge__ It should also not be confused with street photography; while the street photographer necessarily does people watching, he or she does so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes.", "People watching __knowledge__ Proper People Watching should follow Expectation of Privacy principles, as well not be unethical or degrading the subjects.", "People watching __knowledge__ The legislation concerning non-consented pictures of people varies between countries and should also be observed, such as with Wikipedia's own Commons page.", "List of cities, towns and villages in Kermanshah Province __knowledge__ A list of cities, towns and villages in Kermanshah Province of western Iran: Cities are in bold text; all others are villages.", "List of cities, towns and villages in Kermanshah Province __knowledge__ Ab Barik \| Ab Barik \| Ab Barik-e Jonubi \| Ab Barik-e Olya \| Ab Barik-e Shomali \| Ab Barik-e Sofla \| Ab Barik-e Vosta \| Ab Dalan-e Mirki \| Ab Sorkh \| Abbasabad \| Abbasabad \| Abbasabad \| Abbasabad-e Kol Kol \| Abbasabad-e Seh Choqa \| Abd ol Aziz \| Abd ol Maleki \| Abd ol Mohammad \| Abdol Khakhi-ye Olya \| Abdol Khakhi-ye Sofla \| Abdoltajj od Din \| Abtaf \| Abuzar Garrison \| Afareyanaj \| Afsharabad \| Agah-e Olya \| Agah-e Sofla \| Agricultural Training Centre \| Ahangaran \| Ahangaran \| Ahangaran \| Ahmad Koshteh-ye Darbadam \| Ahmadabad \| Ahmadabad \| Ahmadabad \| Ahmadabad-e Molla Mas \| Ahmadabad-e Olya \| Ahmadabad-e Sofla \| Ahmadvand \| Ainalah \| Aineh \| Aineh Jub \| Ainehvand-e Abdollah \| Ainehvand-e Darreh Rashteh \| Air Force Barracks \| Akbar Jafar \| Akbarabad \| Akbarabad \| Akbarabad \| Akbarabad \| Akbarabad-e Khaleseh Tappeh Ginu \| Akhundi \| Ali Akbar \| Ali Aqai Hezarkhani \| Ali Aqai-ye Bala-ye Bani Chenur \| Ali Aqai-ye Pain \| Ali Asan-e Amiri \| Ali Bar \| Ali Barani \| Ali Bolagh \| Ali Gorzan-e Olya \| Ali Gorzan-e Sofla \| Ali Hasan-e Olya \| Ali Khanabad \| Ali Yaqub \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad \| Aliabad-e Avval \| Aliabad-e Dizgoran \| Aliabad-e Dovvom \| Aliabad-e Garus \| Aliabad-e Golbanu \| Aliabad-e Kashantu \| Aliabad-e Kerend \| Aliabad-e Kohneh \| Aliabad-e Olya \| Aliabad-e Sasal \| Aliabad-e Sofla \| Aliabad-e Yusefi \| Alijan \| Alikeh \| Alikhani \| Alirezavandi \| Alirezavandi \| Allah Akbar Garrison \| Almadin \| Alvinehkar \| Amaleh-ye Olya \| Amaleh-ye Sofla \| Amarat \| Ameleh \| Amid Ali Qasemi \| Aminabad \| Amir Emran \| Amirabad \| Amirabad \| Amirabad \| Amirabad \| Amirabad \| Ammeh \| Amrabad \| Anarak \| Anarak-e Olya \| Anarak-e Sofla \| Angaz \| Angazban \| Anjab-e Buzhan \| Anjavarud \| Anjir Darmian \| Anjirak \| Anjirak \| Anjirak \| Anjirak-e Baghi \| Anjireban Avareh Ali \| Anjirebus-e Sofla \| Anzal \| Aqa Berar \| Aqbolagh \| Aran \| Aranlah \| Argavary \| Argeneh-ye Olya \| Argeneh-ye Sofla \| Arit \| Armani Jan \| Asadabad \| Aseman Dul \| Asgar Khani \| Ashbakh \| Asheqan-e Abedin \| Asheqan-e Musa \| Ashrafabad \| Asiab Jub \| Asiab Jub-e Farmanfarma \| Asiab Qermez \| Asiab-e Tanureh \| Asparazgaleh \| Avzin-e Fereydun \| Ayenehvand \| Ayesheh Dul \| Azan Vazan \| Azimabad \| Azizabad \| Azizabad \| Azizabad \| Azizabad \| Azizabad \| Azizabad-e Bonavaj \| Azmeh Miran \| Aznab-e Olya \| Aznab-e Sofla \| Azreh-ye Mohammad Khan \| Azreh-ye Mokarrami Baba Ali \| Baba Aziz \| Baba Eskandar \| Baba Heyran \| Baba Jan-e Palizi \| Baba Jani-ye Abd ol Mohammad \| Baba Jani-ye Shah Morad \| Baba Kamal \| Baba Kuseh-ye Olya \| Baba Kuseh-ye Sofla \| Baba Rostam \| Baba Shah Ahmad \| Baba Sheykh Ali \| Baba Zeyd \| Babaha \| Baban Yavar-e Azizi \| Babanabad \| Baban-e Sardar Qasemkhan \| Baderban \| Badkan \| Badrabad \| Badreh Gerd-e Salimi \| Badrehi \| Bagh-e Beyglari \| Bagh-e Falak \| Bagh-e Karambeyg \| Bagh-e Tighun \| Bagh-e Yasam \| Bagh-e Zeynab \| Bahram Bayg \| Bahram Vand \| Bahramabad \| Bakalani \| Bakhsh Now Khas \| Baktar-e Olya \| Baktar-e Sofla \| Bala Gabri \| Balahi \| Balajub \| Balandar-e Sofla \| Baleh Bazan \| Balesht \| Balin \| Balutestan \| Balvan \| Ban Ganjab \| Ban Meydan-e Abdollah \| Ban Nokhvod \| Ban Ramazan \| Ban Shirvan \| Ban Zelan-e Olya \| Ban Zelan-e Sofla \| Banavachku \| Banevreh \| Banchia-ye Sofla \| Bandar \| Bandarabad \| Bandareh \| Band-e Balut \| Bandor-e Olya \| Bandor-e Sofla \| Bangar-e Olya \| Bangar-e Sofla \| Bani Bid \| Bani Golan \| Bani Gomkan \| Bani Havan \| Bani Hu \| Bani Lavan \| Bani Miran \| Bani Nar \| Bani Pariab \| Banlarini \| Banmazaran \| Banrivand \| Bansheleh \| Bansulab-e Hattem \| Bansulab-e Kalbali \| Bansulab-e Nam Khas \| Bansulab-e Shir Mohammad \| Bansulab-e Shirzad \| Banureh \| Banyaran-e Amir Haqmorad \| Banyaran-e Aziz Morad \| Banyaran-e Mirza Hoseyn \| Banyaran-e Teymur \| Bapir-e Sofla \| Baqeleh \| Baqeleh \| Baqeleh-ye Olya \| Baqeleh-ye Sofla \| Baqerabad Meyanrud \| Baqerabad \| Baqerabad \| Baqerabad \| Baqerabad-e Olya \| Baqerabad-e Samaleh \| Baqerabad-e Sofla \| Bar Aftab \| Bar Aftab-e Golin \| Bara Belutestan-e Palkaneh \| Barah Sileh \| Baravand-e Olya \| Baravand-e Sofla \| Bardeh Rash-e Olya \| Bareh Gineh \| Barfabad-e Olya \| Barfabad-e Sofla \| Barfi Kushkarri \| Barikeh-ye Nezam-e Olya \| Barikeh-ye Sadeqi \| Barishah-e Beyg Morad \| Barishah-e Khuybar \| Barkaleh \| Barnaj \| Barq va Baran-e Olya \| Barq va Baran-e Sofla \| Barreh Bu Anjirban \| Barzeh \| Barzelak \| Bashirabad \| Bashirabad-e Bati \| Baskeleh-ye Boruvim \| Baskeleh-ye Cheshmeh Sefid \| Baskeleh-ye Dar Anbar \| Baskeleh-ye Khan Mirza \| Baskeleh-ye Vasat \| Batiar Ahmad \| Batman \| Bavaleh \| Baveysi-ye Mashian \| Baveysi-ye Seyyed Mohammad \| Bavian \| Bavon Makr \| Bayangan \| Bayel \| Bazegeh \| Bazgir-e Qaleh Parvar \| Baziani \| Behabad-e Qobasiah \| Behabad-e Saleh \| Bektashabad \| Beleh Kabud \| Belehzin-e Olya \| Belehzin-e Sofla \| Belmaneh-ye Olya \| Belmaneh-ye Sofla \| Belverdi-ye Jadid \| Belverdi-ye Qadim \| Benavach \| Berenjan \| Berimvand \| Berimvand \| Berimvand \| Beryah Khani \| Beyg Rezai \| Beykzadeh \| Beyuleh \| Bezavoli \| Beznabad-e Olya \| Beznabad-e Sofla \| Bi Abr-e Choqamaran \| Bi Bayan \| Bi Mush \| Bi Nahr-e Olya \| Bi Nahr-e Sofla \| Biameh \| Biameh-ye Olya \| Biameh-ye Sofla \| Biashush \| Bid Sorkh \| Bidarvaz \| Bidgol \| Bidkholah \| Bijak Tappeh \| Bijaneh \| Bileh Hu-ye Olya \| Bileh Hu-ye Sofla \| Bineh Gerd \| Biraqavand \| Birdad \| Bishgan \| Bisotun \| Bivand-e Olya \| Bivand-e Sofla \| Boncheleh \| Borhan ol Din \| Bostanabad \| Boz Gureh \| Bozgodar-e Olya \| Bozgodar-e Sofla \| Bozmirabad \| Bulan \| Burak \| Burakabad \| Burakah \| Burbur \| Burbur Chafdar \| Chafteh \| Chafteh-ye Olya \| Chahar Divar \| Chahar Melan \| Chahar Meleh-ye Olya \| Chahar Meleh-ye Sofla \| Chahar Zabar-e Olya \| Chahar Zabar-e Sofla \| Chahardah Jofteh \| Chahargah \| Chal Siah \| Chalab-e Bekr \| Chalab-e Pain \| Chalab-e Qatakeh Bares \| Chalabeh \| Chalabeh-ye Olya \| Chalabeh-ye Sofla \| Chalabi \| Chalaneh-ye Olya \| Chalaneh-ye Sofla \| Chaleh Khani \| Chalekah \| Cham Cham \| Cham Kabud \| Cham Kabud \| Cham Lameh-ye Osman \| Cham Nuzdeh \| Cham Rud \| Cham Shahi \| Cham Sorkh \| Cham Surak-e Sofla \| Cham Surak-e Vosta \| Cham Zereshk-e Choqavian Gol Morad \| Cham Zereshk-e Esperi \| Cham Zereshk-e Olya \| Cham Zereshk-e Sofla \| Chaman Esmail \| Chaman Zar-e Olya \| Chaman Zar-e Sofla \| Chaman-e Golin \| Chambatan-e Olya \| Chambatan-e Sofla \| Cham-e Heydar \| Chameh \| Changareh \| Changizah \| Chaqa Bahar \| Chaqa Gonuzh \| Chaqa Hoseyn \| Chaqa Narges \| Chaqa Zard Baghi \| Charkas \| Charkhab \| Charkhalan \| Charmaleh-ye Olya \| Charmaleh-ye Sofla \| Chavoshan \| Chegeni-ye Olya \| Chegeni-ye Sofla \| Chehr \| Chelleh-ye Olya \| Chenar \| Chenar \| Chenar \| Chenaran \| Chenaran \| Chenar-e Olya \| Chenar-e Sofla \| Chenar-e Sofla \| Chenar-e Vosta \| Chenareh \| Chenareh-ye Ali Madad \| Chenareh-ye Latif \| Chenareh-ye Majid \| Cheqa Jangeh-ye Olya \| Cheqa Jangeh-ye Sofla \| Cheqa Kabud \| Cheraghabad \| Cheraghabad \| Cheraghabad \| Cheraghestan \| Cheshmeh Bad \| Cheshmeh Balvark \| Cheshmeh Betal \| Cheshmeh Cheragh \| Cheshmeh Derazeh \| Cheshmeh Gach \| Cheshmeh Gelineh \| Cheshmeh Gholami \| Cheshmeh Gilan \| Cheshmeh Godar \| Cheshmeh Hajegah Jafari \| Cheshmeh Hajegah Shirzadi \| Cheshmeh Isa \| Cheshmeh Jadar \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud \| Cheshmeh Kabud-e Chenar \| Cheshmeh Kabud-e Olya \| Cheshmeh Kabud-e Sofla \| Cheshmeh Kareh \| Cheshmeh Kareh \| Cheshmeh Khani \| Cheshmeh Kheyr \| Cheshmeh Khosrow \| Cheshmeh Mahdi \| Cheshmeh Makan \| Cheshmeh Miran \| Cheshmeh Murineh \| Cheshmeh Nezami \| Cheshmeh Nush \| Cheshmeh Pahn-e Alishah \| Cheshmeh Pahn-e Fereydun \| Cheshmeh Pahn-e Rashid \| Cheshmeh Palang \| Cheshmeh Panbeh \| Cheshmeh Puneh \| Cheshmeh Qaleh \| Cheshmeh Qanbar \| Cheshmeh Qareh \| Cheshmeh Qot \| Cheshmeh Sangi \| Cheshmeh Sangi \| Cheshmeh Sefid \| Cheshmeh Sefid \| Cheshmeh Sefid \| Cheshmeh Sefid \| Cheshmeh Sefid \| Cheshmeh Sefid-e Aqabeygi \| Cheshmeh Sefid-e Rutavand \| Cheshmeh Sefid-e Shobankareh \| Cheshmeh Sefid-e Sofla \| Cheshmeh Sefid-e Usin \| Cheshmeh Shahrokh Masgareh \| Cheshmeh Siah \| Cheshmeh Sohrab \| Cheshmeh Sorkh \| Cheshmeh Sorkh-e Qabr-e Baba \| Cheshmeh Turan \| Cheshmeh Velgah \| Cheshmeh Zangi \| Cheshmeh-ye Alucheh \| Cheshmeh-ye Bagh \| Cheshmeh-ye Baha ol Din \| Cheshmeh-ye Beygi \| Cheshmeh-ye Biglar \| Cheshmeh-ye Gholam Veys \| Cheshmeh-ye Mostafa Beyg \| Cheshmeh-ye Qader \| Cheshmeh-ye Sangi-ye Rutvand \| Cheshmeh-ye Seyyed Yaqub \| Choghabur-e Kaki \| Choghabur-e Rahman \| Chomaq Tappeh \| Chongor-e Jalilvand \| Chongor-e Saminvand \| Choqa Bala-ye Olya \| Choqa Bala-ye Sofla \| Choqa Balk-e Alireza \| Choqa Balk-e Khvajeh Bashi \| Choqa Balk-e Kuchek \| Choqa Balk-e Mohammad Zaman \| Choqa Bur-e Darabi \| Choqa Chubin \| Choqa Elahi \| Choqa Ginu \| Choqa Gol \| Choqa Golan \| Choqa Janali \| Choqa Kabud \| Choqa Kabud \| Choqa Kabud \| Choqa Kabud-e Olya \| Choqa Kabud-e Sofla \| Choqa Kalbali \| Choqa Khazan \| Choqa Maran \| Choqa Maran \| Choqa Naqd Ali \| Choqa Qasem \| Choqa Reza \| Choqa Safar \| Choqa Said \| Choqa Shekar \| Choqa Zard \| Choqa Zard \| Choqamaran-e Bargur \| Choqa-ye Sefid \| Choqazard-e Chupankareh \| Choqur Chah \| Chorvorish \| Chowgan \| Chub Deraz \| Chub Tashan \| Chubineh \| Chugolabad \| Churizhi Daichi \| Damagh Sefid \| Dandaneh \| Dangeh-ye Khodayar \| Dangi \| Dangi-ye Abbas \| Dangi-ye Ali Beyg \| Dangi-ye Kak Abdollah \| Dar Badam \| Dar Balut \| Dar Balut \| Dar Derafsh-e Ebrahim Beygi \| Dar Derafsh-e Farajollah-e Beygi \| Dar Derafsh-e Khanomabad \| Dar Derafsh-e Mohammad-e Amin Mirza \| Dar Derafsh-e Qaleh \| Dar Derafsh-e Seyyed Karim \| Dar Gol-e Seyyed Hasan \| Dar Gol-e Seyyed Salim \| Dar Gol-e Teymaz \| Dar Heydar \| Dar Kenar \| Darab \| Darab \| Darabi \| Darabi \| Darageh-ye Molla Ali Karam \| Daramrud-e Olya \| Daramrud-e Sofla \| Darbadreh \| Darband Khizan \| Darband Zard \| Darband \| Darband-e Dehowl \| Darband-e Zard-e Olya \| Darband-e Zard-e Sofla \| Darbesar \| Darbid \| Darbid \| Darbid-e Ali Akbar \| Darbid-e Hoseyn Ali \| Darbid-e Mansuri \| Darbid-e Nazer Ali \| Dareh Rash-e Mohammad Soltan \| Dargah \| Dargeh \| Dargeh-ye Cheshmeh Said \| Dargeh-ye Gholam Ali \| Dargeh-ye Khalifeh Qoli \| Dari Zanganeh-ye Pain \| Darian \| Darkhvor-e Aqa Reza \| Darkhvor-e Hasanabad \| Darmaran-e Olya \| Darmaran-e Sofla \| Darmur \| Darneh \| Darnileh-ye Aziz \| Darnileh-ye Eskandar \| Darreh Asiab-e Rashid \| Darreh Badam-e Sofla \| Darreh Bayan \| Darreh Duzakh \| Darreh Khalil \| Darreh Lar Abdol Karim \| Darreh Lar Alijan \| Darreh Maran \| Darreh Nijeh \| Darreh Vazam \| Darreh Yab \| Darreh Zhaleh-ye Olya \| Darreh Zhaleh-ye Sofla \| Darreh-ye Larkarim \| Darshademan \| Dartut \| Dartut-e Movvali \| Dartut-e Rahim \| Dartut-e Sayyadi \| Darvaleh-ye Bala \| Darvaleh-ye Pain \| Darvand \| Darvand \| Darvand \| Darvand-e Do \| Darvand-e Seh \| Darvand-e Yek \| Darvish Beygeh \| Darvishan \| Darvit \| Dasht-e Murt-e Olya \| Dasht-e Murt-e Sofla \| Dashtelah-ye Olya \| Dashtelah-ye Sofla \| Dashti Bolagh \| Dashti Leyl-e Hoseynabad \| Dastak-e Olya \| Dastak-e Sofla \| Dastgerdi \| Dastjordeh-ye Olya \| Dastjordeh-ye Sofla \| Davaleh-ye Olya \| Davaleh-ye Sofla \| Davar Dar Mian-e Sofla \| Davazdah Emam \| Davudi-ye Olya \| Davudi-ye Sofla \| Dayar-e Assad Khan \| Deh Abbas \| Deh Abbasan \| Deh Asiab \| Deh Asiab \| Deh Azam \| Deh Bagh \| Deh Bagh \| Deh Bagh \| Deh Bala \| Deh Cheragh \| Deh Gol \| Deh Huleh-ye Olya \| Deh Huleh-ye Sofla \| Deh Khodadad \| Deh Kohneh \| Deh Kohneh \| Deh Mirahmad \| Deh Musa \| Deh Nomam \| Deh Now \| Deh Now \| Deh Pahn \| Deh Pir \| Deh Rash-e Bazan \| Deh Sadeh \| Deh Sefid \| Deh Sefid \| Deh Soleyman \| Deh Sorkh \| Deh Sorkh \| Deh Tut-e Sofla \| Deh-e Abbas \| Deh-e Baugah \| Deh-e Elyas \| Deh-e Hammzeh \| Deh-e Jami \| Deh-e Janjan \| Deh-e Kabud \| Deh-e Khan Jan \| Deh-e Kharan \| Deh-e Khazal \| Deh-e Leyli \| Deh-e Moradkhan \| Deh-e Qasem \| Deh-e Rezvan \| Deh-e Sanan \| Deh-e Sheykh \| Deh-e Sheykh \| Dehlaqin \| Dehlor \| Dehnow \| Dehnow-e Deh Kohneh \| Dergah \| Derkeh \| Desheh \| Dezavar \| Dilanchi-ye Olya \| Dilanchi-ye Sofla \| Divageh-ye Palan \| Diven \| Dizgaran \| Dizgeran-e Olya \| Dizgeran-e Sofla \| Do Ab \| Do Ab \| Do Cheshmeh \| Do Choqa \| Do Choqai \| Do Tappeh \| Doab \| Doborji \| Dom Badam \| Dom Shemsheh \| Dowkaneh \| Dowkushkan-e Hoseynkhani \| Dowkushkan-e Reza Khani \| Dowlatabad \| Dowlatabad \| Dowlatabad \| Dowlatabad-e Olya \| Dowlatabad-e Sofla \| Dowlatyar \| Dowleta \| Dudan \| Dugolbandeh \| Dul Deraz Morad \| Dulangan-e Olya \| Dulangan-e Sofla \| Dul-e Elyas \| Dul-e Masum \| Duleh Khoshk-e Aziz \| Dur Dasht \| Durabad \| Durisan \| Dushmian \| Dust Vand Elayiyeh \| Elyasan \| Elyas-e Mahmud \| Elyasi \| Elyasi-ye Ahmad \| Elyasi-ye Khalifeh Hoseyn \| Elyasi-ye Saleh Matta \| Elyasvand-e Olya \| Elyasvand-e Sofla \| Emam Abbas-e Olya \| Emam Abbas-e Sofla \| Emam Hasan-e Olya \| Emam Hasan-e Sofla \| Emam Hasan-e Vasati \| Emam Qoli \| Emamiyeh-e Olya \| Emamiyeh-e Sofla \| Emamzadeh Abbas \| Emamzadeh Baba Yadegar \| Emamzadeh Davud \| Eshaqvand-e Olya \| Eshaqvand-e Sofla \| Eshki \| Eslamabad \| Eslamabad-e Bezahrud \| Eslamabad-e Gharb \| Eslamabad-e Olya \| Eslamabad-e Sofla \| Eslamiyeh \| Esmail Aqai \| Esmail Kal \| Estadabad \| Eyl Shirzadi \| Eyn ol Qas Fakhriabad \| Falvashan \| Faraman \| Faraman Industrial Estate \| Farj Emam \| Farmayisheh Allah Nazer \| Farrash \| Farrokh Khani \| Farsinaj-e Jadid \| Faryadras \| Fash \| Fashkhvoran \| Firuzabad \| Firuzabad \| Firuzabad-e Kuchak \| Firuzabad-e Pacheqa \| Firuzabad-e Tappeh \| Firuzeh \| Fuladi \| Fuladi-ye Olya \| Fuladi-ye Sofla Gahwareh \| Gakiyeh \| Gakiyeh \| Galam Kabud-e Olya \| Galam Kabud-e Sofla \| Galianeh-ye Ali Baqer \| Gallovij \| Galu Darreh \| Galuzi \| Galuzi-ye Davud \| Gamizaj-e Olya \| Gand Ab \| Gandabad \| Gandab-e Olya \| Gandab-e Sofla \| Gandab-e Vosta \| Gandomban-e Olya \| Gandomban-e Sofla \| Ganjavan \| Ganjureh \| Garah Ban \| Garavand \| Gardangah-e Quchemi \| Gardeh Now \| Gardel Gari Ali Aqa \| Gargelan \| Garm Darreh \| Garmab \| Garmab-e Mohammad Rezavandi \| Garmianak \| Garmiyan-e Posht-e Rah \| Garrab-e Olya \| Garraveh-ye Esmail \| Garraveh-ye Nomareh Do \| Garus-e Olya \| Garus-e Sofla \| Gav Bandeh \| Gav Panam \| Gav Sur \| Gaval \| Gavanban \| Gavchali \| Gavdaneh Godar \| Gavdaneh Khvor \| Gaveh-ye Seyyed Mohammad Hoseyni \| Gavgol-e Olya \| Gavgol-e Qaleh \| Gavmakhal-e Eyvani \| Gavmareh \| Gavmish Cheran-e Arab \| Gavrani \| Gavshan-e Olya \| Gavshan-e Sofla \| Gazaf-e Olya \| Gazaf-e Sofla \| Gazan \| Gazin \| Gaznahleh \| Gazneh \| Gel Sefid \| Gelal \| Gelali \| Gelali-ye Jadid \| Gel-e Sorkheh \| Geli \| Genani \| Geravand \| Geravian-e Sofla \| Gerdak \| Gerdakan Dar-e Olya \| Gerdakan Dar-e Sofla \| Gerdakaneh \| Gerdakaneh-ye Olya \| Gerdakaneh-ye Sofla \| Gerdekan Kureh \| Gerisheh-ye Sofla \| Geyeh Dar \| Ghazan Dul Ali Morad \| Gheybollah \| Ghiasabad \| Gholamali Beyg \| Gichi Darreh \| Gij \| Gilanbar-e Sofla \| Gilan-e Gharb \| Gilaneh \| Gildan \| Godar Pir-e Olya \| Godar Pir-e Sofla \| Gol Anjir \| Gol Darreh \| Gol Darreh-ye Olya \| Gol Darreh-ye Sofla \| Gol Kheyrak-e Olya \| Gol Kheyrak-e Sofla \| Gol Tappeh \| Gol Zardeh \| Golah Jar \| Golali \| Golam Kabud-e Olya \| Golam Kabud-e Sofla \| Golam Kabud-e Vosta \| Golbaghi \| Gol-e Khatr \| Golil \| Golin Allah Morad \| Goljiran \| Golmatabad \| Golom Kabud \| Gomeshtar-e Olya \| Gorazabad \| Gorazan-e Olya \| Gorazan-e Sofla \| Gordi \| Goreh Choqa \| Gorg Abi Mirza Ali \| Gorgan \| Gorgavan \| Gorgavand \| Gorgeh Bisheh-ye Olya \| Gorgeh Bisheh-ye Sofla \| Gorgeh Choqa \| Gorgi Dar \| Gorgin Darreh \| Gorgi-ye Manderek \| Gorji Bayan \| Goruran-e Chahar Dang \| Goruran-e Do Dang \| Goruran-e Olya \| Goruran-e Sofla \| Goveni \| Govijeh \| Gowdin \| Gowhar Chaqa \| Gowharabad \| Gowhareh \| Gugerd \| Gur Sefid \| Gura Jub-e Baba Karam \| Gura Jub-e Morad Beyg \| Gura Jub-e Qeshlaq \| Gura Jub-e Zeyyed Ali \| Gur-e Gavarz \| Guri Gur \| Guri Zardallahi \| Gurjavi Rashid \| Gush Boran \| Guyaleh Habashi \| Habibvand \| Haft Ashian \| Haft Ashiyan \| Haft Cheshmeh \| Haft Cheshmeh \| Haft Cheshmeh-ye Jahanshah \| Haft Kani \| Haft Khaneh \| Hajij-e Bozorg \| Hajij-e Kuchek \| Hajji Alian \| Hajji Aziz-e Cheshmeh Sefid \| Hajji Fattah-e Beg \| Hajjiabad Base \| Hajjiabad \| Hajjiabad \| Hajjiabad \| Hajjiabad-e Do \| Hajjiabad-e Olya \| Hajjiabad-e Shahlai \| Hajjiabad-e Shanrash \| Hajjiabad-e Yek \| Halabcheh Camp \| Halan \| Halashi \| Halateh \| Haleh Siah \| Hamyanak \| Hamzehabad \| Hani Garmaleh \| Hanivaz \| Hanulan \| Hanyandar \| Haramian-e Olya \| Haramian-e Sofla \| Harileh \| Harir \| Harsin \| Hasan Boqeh \| Hasan Gaviyar \| Hasanabad Integrated Farm Town \| Hasanabad \| Hasanabad \| Hasanabad \| Hasanabad \| Hasanabad \| Hasanabad-e Govijeh \| Hasanabad-e Karah \| Hasanabad-e Olya \| Hasanabad-e Sofla \| Hashamar \| Hashemabad \| Hashilan \| Hasht Jofteh \| Hasht Pashtuleh \| Hemmatabad \| Henidar-e Ebrahim Khan \| Henidar-e Mafruzeh \| Herilabad \| Herta \| Hesar \| Hesar-e Sefid \| Hesil Qanbareh \| Heybatollah \| Heydarabad \| Heydarabad \| Hezar Khani \| Hezar Khani \| Hezar Khani-ye Olya \| Hezar Khani-ye Sofla \| Hirvi \| Hiurud \| Hojjatabad \| Hojjatabad-e Olya \| Hojjatabad-e Sofla \| Hojumabad \| Holul \| Homajegeh \| Homayun Kosh \| Homeyl \| Horreyn \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad \| Hoseynabad-e Amjadi \| Hoseynabad-e Dartang \| Hoseynabad-e Deh Boneh \| Hoseynabad-e Quri Chay \| Hoseynabad-e Ruintan \| Howz-e Seyyed Morad \| Howz-e Sheykh-e Zemkan \| Hukani-ye Olya \| Hukani-ye Sofla \| Huker \| Hulan \| Hurtekah \| Hushyar Cheleh Ilkhaniabad \| Iman \| Industrial Estate Jabbarabad \| Jabbarabad-e Olya \| Jabbarabad-e Sofla \| Jaber-e Sofla \| Jaberi \| Jabrabad \| Jaf Bar-e Simin \| Jafarabad \| Jafarabad \| Jafarabad \| Jahanabad \| Jahangirvand \| Jalalvand-e Olya \| Jalalvand-e Sofla \| Jalilvand \| Jalilvand \| Jamasab \| Jameh Shuran-e Olya \| Jameh Shuran-e Olya \| Jameh Shuran-e Sofla \| Jameh Shuran-e Sofla \| Jamishan-e Olya \| Jamishan-e Olya \| Jamishan-e Sofla \| Jan Ahmad \| Jan Ali \| Jan Jan \| Jangaleh-ye Olya \| Jasuskeh \| Javanmiri \| Javanmiri-ye Olya \| Javanrud \| Javar Sineh \| Jazar \| Jelow Girangeh \| Jelow-e Olya \| Jelow-e Sofla \| Jelugireh-ye Olya \| Jelugireh-ye Sofla \| Jenan \| Jeyhunabad \| Jeyran Bolagh \| Jivar \| Jowharabad \| Jowzeh-ye Anjirak \| Jub Baghan-e Olya \| Jub Baghan-e Sofla \| Jub Kabud-e Olya \| Jub Kabud-e Sofla \| Jujar \| Jujar \| Juzeh Kabudeh-ye Olya \| Kabudeh-ye Sofla \| Kachalabad \| Kachek Bel-e Olya \| Kachek Bel-e Sofla \| Kafru Bavakeh \| Kafru Salman \| Kah Sara \| Kahelabad \| Kahrar-e Dejgah \| Kahrar-e Mowqufeh \| Kahrar-e Olya \| Kahrar-e Sofla \| Kahriz \| Kahriz \| Kahriz \| Kahriz-e Bid Sorkh \| Kahriz-e Hajji Morad Khan \| Kahriz-e Kalan \| Kahriz-e Kur Bolagh \| Kahriz-e Olya \| Kahriz-e Olya \| Kahriz-e Qaleh Kohneh \| Kahriz-e Sofla \| Kahtar \| Kak Mirki \| Kakavand \| Kakiha \| Kal Davud \| Kal Godar \| Kal Kash \| Kal Sefid \| Kalah Hu \| Kalak Jafar \| Kalak-e Amjadi \| Kalantar \| Kalareh-ye Mehrabi \| Kalareh-ye Zhaleh \| Kalashi-ye Abdol Qader \| Kalashi-ye Nahang \| Kalaveh \| Kalaveh \| Kalaveh-ye Heydar Khan \| Kalbiabad \| Kalegah-e Amid Ali \| Kalegah-e Zaman \| Kaleh-ye San \| Kaleh-ye Zard \| Kalek-e Bayeh \| Kalek-e Olya \| Kalian-e Olya \| Kalian-e Sofla \| Kalian-e Vosta \| Kalkan-e Aftabru \| Kalkan-e Nesar \| Kalkowshavand-e Olya \| Kalkowshavand-e Sofla \| Kalkowshavand-e Vosta \| Kalkushk \| Kalleh Jub \| Kalleh Jub \| Kalleh \| Kalley \| Kalvin \| Kam Shur \| Kama Darreh \| Kamak \| Kamalabad \| Kamalgir \| Kamar Surakh \| Kamar Zard \| Kamarab \| Kamareh Gareh \| Kamareh \| Kamareh-ye Gharbi \| Kamareh-ye Olya \| Kamareh-ye Sofla \| Kamran-e Beyg Reza \| Kamran-e Rahman \| Kandeh Sorkh \| Kandeh-ye Har \| Kandkilah \| Kanduleh \| Kanduleh \| Kaneh Har \| Kaneh Rashid-e Allah Feqid \| Kaneh Rashid-e Arab \| Kaneh Rashid-e Babakhan \| Kaneh Rashid-e Gol Morad \| Kangarban-e Olya \| Kangarban-e Sofla \| Kangarban-e Vosta \| Kangavar \| Kani Aziz \| Kani Bikheyreh \| Kani Danial \| Kani Gol-e Olya \| Kani Gol-e Sofla \| Kani Gowhar \| Kani Kabud \| Kani Karim Yarvali \| Kani Kechkineh \| Kani Khanjar \| Kani Khazran \| Kani Pasha \| Kani Rash \| Kani Salar \| Kani Satiar \| Kani Sharif \| Kani Shirineh \| Kani Zhaleh-ye Hajji Hoseyn \| Kanjur-e Olya \| Kanjur-e Sofla \| Karaj-e Olya \| Karaj-e Sofla \| Karak Harak \| Karam Bast \| Kareh-ye Qaleh Kohneh \| Kareh-ye Qaleh Sefid \| Karfelah \| Kargan \| Karim Haseleh-ye Olya \| Karim Haseleh-ye Sofla \| Karimabad \| Karimabad \| Karimabad \| Karkareh \| Karkasar \| Karkhaneh \| Karkul-e Kasan \| Karkuleh Morad Ali \| Karnachi \| Karsavan \| Karvaneh-ye Olya \| Karvaneh-ye Sofla \| Karvaneh-ye Vosta \| Karyan \| Kaseh Garan \| Kashanbeh-ye Chahardangi \| Kashanbeh-ye Lak \| Kashanbeh-ye Sofla \| Kashantu \| Kashkamir \| Kasirabad \| Kavar Lavan \| Kavus \| Kazazi \| Kazem Khani-ye Olya \| Kazem Khani-ye Sofla \| Kazhak \| Kelash Hush \| Kelash Quh \| Kelineh \| Kelineh-ye Paydar \| Kenar Marg \| Keng \| Kerend-e Gharb \| Kermajan \| Kermanshah \| Kezi \| Khal Khal \| Khalaj Rud \| Khalajan \| Khalenjah \| Khalevan \| Khalifeh Bapir \| Khalifeh Ha \| Khalifeh \| Khalilabad \| Khalilan-e Olya \| Khalilan-e Sofla \| Khalilollah \| Khamisabad \| Khan Jamal-e Panahi \| Khan Jamal-e Zamani \| Khaneh Beygi \| Khaneh-ye Khoda \| Khaneqah \| Khaneqah-e Olya \| Khaneqah-e Sofla \| Khaneqah-e Vosta \| Khanileh \| Khanjarabad \| Khanomabad \| Khanomabad \| Khanomabad \| Khapgah \| Khar Kosh \| Kharagab-e Olya \| Kharajian \| Kharani \| Khargineh-ye Kuik-e Shekar \| Khatamabad \| Khatuneh \| Khavkah \| Khazal \| Khazaneh Dul \| Khazang \| Khederabad \| Khelek \| Khersabad-e Bozorg \| Khersabad-e Jafari \| Kheybar \| Kheyl-e Sabzeh \| Kheyrumandan \| Kheyrvis \| Khiaran \| Khil Fiat Kikan \| Khoda Morovvat \| Kholeh Kahush-e Olya \| Kholeh Kahush-e Sofla \| Khomartaj \| Khomgaran \| Khorkhor-e Sofla \| Khorramabad \| Khorramabad-e Olya \| Khorramabad-e Sofla \| Khorunan \| Khoshk Abkhowreh \| Khosravi \| Khosrow Basheh \| Khosrow Basheh-ye Madeh Zaran \| Khosrowabad \| Khosrowabad-e Amjadi \| Khosrowabad-e Faleh Gori \| Khub Yaran-e Olya \| Khub Yaran-e Sofla \| Khurban \| Khuriabad \| Khvorin \| Khvorneh-ye Olya \| Khvorneh-ye Sofla \| Khvosh Makan-e Olya \| Khvoshinan-e Olya \| Khvoshinan-e Sofla \| Khvoshinan-e Vosta \| Khvoshyar \| Kileh Sefid \| Kimneh \| Kisaleh \| Kisaleh \| Kiveh Nan \| Kochkineh \| Kol Kol \| Kolah Deraz-e Olya \| Kolah Deraz-e Sofla \| Kolah Deraz-e Vosta \| Kolah Hu \| Kolah Jub-e Esfandiari \| Kolah Jub-e Karmi \| Kolah Jub-e Olya \| Kolah Jub-e Olya-ye Do \| Kolah Jub-e Olya-ye Yek \| Kolah Jub-e Sofla \| Kolah Kabud \| Kolah Kabud-e Olya \| Kolah Kabud-e Sofla \| Kolah Kabud-e Vosta \| Kolah Mal \| Kolah Pa \| Kolah Pay Qasem \| Kolah Siah \| Koleh Jub \| Koleh Savari \| Kolehjub-e Dartang \| Kolucheh \| Kolur \| Kolyai \| Komasi-ye Sofla \| Komasi-ye Vosta \| Komeyjeh \| Korani-e Olya \| Korani-e Sofla \| Korani-ye Hashem Soltan \| Koreh Jub \| Korizagheh \| Kortavij-e Olya \| Kortavij-e Sofla \| Kotkeh \| Kotkoti \| Kucheh \| Kuchkineh \| Kugah \| Kuhali \| Kuik-e Azizi Amin \| Kuik-e Hasan \| Kuik-e Mahmud \| Kuik-e Majid \| Kukav \| Kul Aseh \| Kulan \| Kulaseh \| Kulsavand \| Kur Bolagh-e Do \| Kur Bolagh-e Yek \| Kur Sarab \| Kureh \| Kureh-ye Khosravi \| Kuri \| Kurian-e Gowra \| Kurpeh \| Kuseh Amin \| Kusehha \| Kusehvand \| Kushkari \| Kushkari-ye Namdar \| Kuzaran \| Kuzeh Rud \| Kuzehgaran Lachin \| Lalabad-e Hoseyn-e Qolikhani \| Lalabad-e Kol Kol-e Do \| Lalabad-e Kol Kol-e Yek \| Lalabad-e Olya \| Lalabad-e Seyyed Jafari \| Lalabad-e Seyyed Sadeq \| Laleh Bag \| Laqaleh \| Laran-e Olya \| Laran-e Sofla \| Lashgargah \| Lateh Choqa Sayyadan \| Lavasani \| Layizkarim \| Lemah \| Lemini \| Lenjab \| Lilmanaj \| Lor \| Lorini-ye Ajudani \| Lorkhani \| Lulem \| Lurabi Maarefi \| Mahaki Amin Beyg \| Mahaki Naser \| Mahmudabad \| Mahmudabad \| Mahmudabad \| Mahmudabad-e Gavkol \| Mahmudabad-e Kashantu \| Mahmudabad-e Zardab \| Majid Qaleh Parvar \| Majrilan \| Makhvoshin \| Mal Amiri-ye Hajj Saadat Karam \| Mal Amiri-ye Olya \| Mal Amiri-ye Sofla \| Maleh Dizgeh \| Maleh Rulan \| Malek Hasan Yarijan \| Malek Khatabi \| Malek Tappeh \| Malekabad \| Malekshah \| Mamar Seh \| Mamar Yek \| Mamenan-e Olya \| Mamenan-e Sofla \| Manavari \| Manderek \| Manjeq Tappeh \| Mansur Arab \| Mansurabad \| Mansur-e Aqai \| Manuchehrabad \| Marantu \| Marengaz \| Margir \| Marivani-ye Bidgoli \| Marivani-ye Kakiha \| Marjan Babamorad \| Marjan Gomar \| Marjan Qeytul \| Markhvor \| Marshaar \| Maryam Negar \| Marzaleh \| Marzban \| Marzbani \| Marzelan-e Mohammad Morad \| Masendar \| Masgareh \| Masgareh-ye Bala \| Mast Ali-ye Olya \| Mast Ali-ye Sofla \| Mavai-ye Olya \| Mavai-ye Sofla \| Mazidi \| Mazraeh-ye Abdol Hamid Tamary \| Mazraeh-ye Ali Hasan-e Sofla \| Mazraeh-ye Aliabad \| Mazraeh-ye Asadabad \| Mazraeh-ye Ban Tavi \| Mazraeh-ye Banieh \| Mazraeh-ye Banru \| Mazraeh-ye Baraftab \| Mazraeh-ye Bezeh Rashian Gol Zard \| Mazraeh-ye Boniad Amur Jangazdegan \| Mazraeh-ye Do Ab \| Mazraeh-ye Dowaban \| Mazraeh-ye Huleh Quchali \| Mazraeh-ye Jabari \| Mazraeh-ye Kachelabad \| Mazraeh-ye Kahriz Sofla \| Mazraeh-ye Kaleh Chub \| Mazraeh-ye Katirayi \| Mazraeh-ye Khureh Zardi \| Mazraeh-ye Mian Tang-e Sofla \| Mazraeh-ye Mian Tang-e Vosta \| Mazraeh-ye Nazargah \| Mazraeh-ye Pileh Sufi \| Mazraeh-ye Pir Veysabad \| Mazraeh-ye Poshtuh \| Mazraeh-ye Qaleh Kohneh Kahriz \| Mazraeh-ye Ruansar \| Mazraeh-ye Tuh Khoskheh \| Mehdiabad \| Mehdiabad-e Olya \| Mehdiabad-e Sofla \| Mehregan \| Melah Bid \| Melah Kabud \| Melah Rash \| Melah Tulat \| Melavard \| Meleh Avareh \| Meleh Beyglar \| Meleh Har \| Meleh Kabud \| Meleh Kabud \| Meleh Sheykh \| Meleh Sorkh \| Meleh Yaqub \| Melehaneh \| Meleh-ye Hasan Boqeh \| Meleh-ye Vali \| Melleh Sohrab \| Menafabad \| Merehta \| Meserkhan \| Meshkenar \| Meskinabad-e Olya \| Meydan \| Meydan \| Meydan \| Meydan-e Tafalli \| Meykhvaran-e Mohammad Aqa \| Meykhvaran-e Mohammad Sadeq \| Meykhvaran-e Pir Ali Khan \| Meykhvaran-e Sadat \| Meymaz \| Meymun Baz \| Meyvan \| Mezran \| Mian Choqa \| Mian Kabud-e Qasem \| Mian Mil \| Mian Qaleh-ye Talani \| Mian Rah \| Mian Rahan \| Mian Rud \| Mian Tang \| Mianeh \| Miankuh \| Mianrud \| Mianrud \| Mianrud \| Miansarvan-e Zardalan \| Mil Qader-e Olya \| Mil Qader-e Sofla \| Mileh Sar \| Milkeh-ye Baqer \| Milkeh-ye Buchan \| Milkeh-ye Shir Khan \| Mir Abdoli-ye Olya \| Mir Abdoli-ye Sofla \| Mir Abdoli-ye Zarrin Choqa \| Mir Azizi \| Mir Azizi \| Mir Azizi \| Mir Azizi-ye Qadim \| Mir Hasan \| Mir Havaryari \| Mir Mirab-e Olya \| Mir Mirab-e Sofla \| Mirabad \| Mirabeh \| Mirag \| Mirakeh-ye Qaleh Qazi \| Mirmangan-e Olya \| Mirmangan-e Sofla \| Mirmingeh \| Mirmiru \| Mirtaher \| Mirza Kuseh \| Mirzaabad \| Mirzaabad \| Mish Rangin-e Hajji Qader \| Mivali Shirkhan \| Mivali-ye Darab Khan \| Mivali-ye Sofla \| Miyantang-e Mansuri \| Mohammad Ali Qoregah \| Mohammad Alikhani \| Mohammad Kesani Nezhad \| Mohammad Reza Keyani \| Mohammadabad \| Mohammadabad \| Mohammadabad \| Mohammadi-ye Olya \| Mohammadi-ye Sofla \| Mojtame-ye Petrushimi Kermanshah \| Molkhatavi \| Molla Amirkhan \| Molla Zaman \| Mollah Karamineh \| Mollah Karamineh-e Shah Morad \| Morad Khani Siareh Jagiran \| Moradabad \| Moradabad \| Mostafa Ahmadi \| Movali Najaf Chalaveh \| Mowmai \| Mowmenai \| Muderaz Hoseyn \| Muineh \| Mulanabad \| Muli \| Murchi \| Murian \| Murt-e Hadi \| Murt-e Sabz \| Musa Naranj \| Mushakhan Naderabad \| Nafteh \| Nageh \| Nahr ol Dowleh \| Nahrab-e Deh Rash \| Nahrabi \| Najafabad \| Najafabad \| Najjar \| Najjar-e Galin \| Nal Shekan \| Nalband Garji \| Namdar \| Namivand-e Olya \| Namivand-e Sofla \| Naqdeh-ye Sofla \| Naraman-e Naqareh Kub \| Narvi \| Nasrabad Seyyed Hatam \| Nasrabad-e Pasha \| Nasrabad-e Seyyed Ahmad \| Nasrabad-e Seyyed Khalil \| Naveh Fereh \| Nazarabad-e Olya \| Nazarabad-e Sofla \| Nazargah \| Negareh \| Nerzhi \| Nesar Direh \| Nesar Direh-ye Sofla \| Ney Pahn-e Abdollah \| Ney Pahn-e Seyfollah \| Neyesaneh \| Neylak \| Neypahan \| Neyrazh-e Olya \| Neyrazh-e Sofla \| Nezamabad \| Nian \| Nilavareh-ye Olya \| Nilavareh-ye Sofla \| Nimdangi \| Nimdangi \| Nimeh Kareh \| Nimeh Kareh Kani Rash \| Nirevand \| Nojubaran \| Nokhvod Tappeh \| Nosmeh \| Nosratabad \| Now Jub \| Now Shakaleh-ye Tarazu \| Nowdeh \| Nowdeshah \| Nowkhan \| Nowruleh-ye Olya \| Nowruleh-ye Sofla \| Nowruzabad \| Nowruzabad \| Nowshiravan \| Nowsud \| Nuel \| Nukan \| Nurabad \| Nurabad \| Nuraz \| Nur-e Olya \| Nur-e Sofla \| Nuryab Omar Mel \| Osman \| Ozgoleh Pa Emam \| Pa Qaleh \| Pa Qaleh-ye Khoskheh Rud \| Pa Tappeh \| Paizabad \| Palan-e Narges \| Palan-e Olya \| Palang Gerd \| Palangin \| Paleh Bid-e Sofla \| Palek Mollah Karamineh \| Palkaneh \| Panjali \| Parian \| Pariveh-ye Olya \| Pariveh-ye Sofla \| Pasar \| Paseh Khvor \| Pashkaleh-ye Olya \| Pashkaleh-ye Sofla \| Pashkaleh-ye Vosta \| Pataq \| Patiabad \| Patiabad \| Paunevan \| Pavenar \| Paweh \| Payervand-e Tekyeh \| Pespes \| Peykulah \| Pir Hayati \| Pir Hayati-ye Olya \| Pir Hayati-ye Sofla \| Pir Hayati-ye Vosta \| Pir Kashan \| Pir Mikayil \| Pir Mohammad \| Pir Mozd \| Pir Qasem \| Pir Salman \| Pir Sarab \| Piran \| Pirgeh Bar-e Simin \| Piruzeh \| Pol Ali Akhbar Khan \| Pol Havas \| Pol Mahit \| Porgoli-ye Olya \| Porgoli-ye Sofla \| Posht Gur-e Choqa Maran \| Posht Kabud-e Jahangirvand \| Posht Kelan \| Posht Tang-e Chenaran \| Posht Tang-e Cheshmeh Qolijan \| Posht Tang-e Kurak \| Posht Tang-e Shah Mirza \| Posht Tang-e Shayengan \| Posht Tappeh \| Poshtaleh \| Poshtang-e Gari \| Posht-e Aspar Barani \| Posht-e Darband \| Poshteh Kash \| Poshteh Rizeh-ye Olya \| Poshteh Rizeh-ye Sofla \| Poshteh Rizeh-ye Vosta \| Poshteh-ye Samavat \| Post Baraq \| Pukeh Abbas \| Puneyeh \| Puyan Qabaq Tappeh \| Qader Marz \| Qalaji \| Qalandar-e Laki \| Qalangeh \| Qalanjeh \| Qalayen \| Qaleh Bahadri \| Qaleh Dumi Zar \| Qaleh Gah \| Qaleh Gah \| Qaleh Gelineh \| Qaleh Gelineh-ye Monfared \| Qaleh Gelineh-ye Olya \| Qaleh Gelineh-ye Sofla \| Qaleh Gol Ali Aqa \| Qaleh Jabreil \| Qaleh Juq \| Qaleh Kohneh \| Qaleh Kuh Khosrow \| Qaleh Lan \| Qaleh Qazi-ye Olya \| Qaleh Qazi-ye Sofla \| Qaleh Rashid Aqa \| Qaleh Remen \| Qaleh Sefid-e Olya \| Qaleh Sefid-e Sheykh Hasan \| Qaleh Sefid-e Sofla \| Qaleh Sorkh \| Qaleh Tork-e Olya \| Qaleh Tork-e Sofla \| Qaleh Vari \| Qaleh Zanjir-e Olya \| Qaleh Zanjir-e Sofla \| Qaleh Zehab \| Qaleh \| Qaleh-ye Ali \| Qaleh-ye Asghar Khan \| Qaleh-ye Bozeh Rud \| Qaleh-ye Darab Khan \| Qaleh-ye Deh Khanjan \| Qaleh-ye Farajollah Beyg \| Qaleh-ye Farhad Khan \| Qaleh-ye Hajj Amin \| Qaleh-ye Harasam \| Qaleh-ye Khoda Morovvat \| Qaleh-ye Mohammad Ali \| Qaleh-ye Najaf Ali Khan \| Qaleh-ye Qobad \| Qaleh-ye Reza \| Qaleh-ye Shian \| Qaleh-ye Soleyman Khan \| Qaleh-ye Zakaria \| Qalicheh \| Qaluh Darreh \| Qalvaz \| Qalvaz-e Jadid \| Qap Qoli \| Qapqovi \| Qaqelestan \| Qarah Benas \| Qarah Guzlu-ye Olya \| Qarah Guzlu-ye Sofla \| Qarah Hasan \| Qarah Tappeh \| Qarah Tappeh \| Qarah Vali \| Qarah Veys \| Qaraviz \| Qareh Bolagh Sheykh Morad \| Qareh Bolagh-e Azam \| Qareh Qaj \| Qareh Zhaleh Mahar Ali \| Qarleq-e Bozorg \| Qarujenag \| Qasemabad \| Qasemabad \| Qasemabad \| Qashqeh \| Qasr-e Shirin \| Qazal \| Qazanchi \| Qazvineh \| Qelateh \| Qelij Khani \| Qeshlaq \| Qeshlaq \| Qeshlaq \| Qeshlaq-e Beznabad \| Qeshlaq-e Daryacheh \| Qeshlaq-e Hammam Darreh \| Qeshlaq-e Kelid Darreh \| Qeshlaq-e Olya \| Qeshlaq-e Olya \| Qeshlaq-e Sardar Eshraf \| Qeshlaq-e Seyyed Naser \| Qeshlaq-e Vosta \| Qeymas \| Qeysevand \| Qeysevand \| Qeysvand \| Qeytak \| Qeytasabad \| Qeytul \| Qeytul \| Qez Qabri-ye Bahador \| Qez Qabri-ye Doktor Habib \| Qez Qabri-ye Ebrahim \| Qez Qabri-ye Jahan Bakhsh \| Qez Qabri-ye Rashid \| Qezel Darreh \| Qilan \| Qin Sakht \| Qobad \| Qol Qoleh \| Qolaji-ye Fatabeygi \| Qoli Qoli \| Qoliabad \| Qolkhanchek-e Shah Tutiya \| Qolqoleh \| Qomam \| Qoman Khoda Nazer \| Qomesh \| Qomeshah \| Qomlijeh \| Qomra Ali \| Qomsheh Tappeh \| Qomsheh-ye Baba Karam Khan \| Qomsheh-ye Lor Zanganeh \| Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Amin \| Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Qasem \| Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Yaqub \| Qorutak \| Qorveh \| Qualeh Rash Vali \| Quchemi \| Quchi Bashi \| Qukh \| Qul Darreh \| Qurahjil \| Qurbaghestan-e Olya \| Qurbaghestan-e Sofla \| Quri Qaleh \| Qurichai \| Quti Darreh-ye Bala \| Quzivand Rafi \| Rahimabad \| Rahimabad \| Rahimabad-e Olya \| Rahimabad-e Sofla \| Rahmanabad \| Rahmatabad \| Rahmatabad \| Rais \| Ramaki-ye Ramezan \| Rashid Abbas \| Rashidabad \| Rashidali \| Rashtian \| Ravansar \| Ravansar Industrial Estate \| Ravileh-ye Hasan \| Ravileh-ye Sofla \| Razin \| Raziyan \| Reshbugar \| Rezaabad \| Rezalak \| Rezlansar \| Riblak-e Olya \| Riblak-e Sofla \| Rig Jub \| Rikhak-e Olya \| Rikhak-e Sofla \| Rikhel \| Risani \| Rizvand \| Rizvand \| Rizvand-e Ali Akbar \| Rizvand-e Najaf \| Robat \| Rostamabad-e Bozorg \| Rostamabad-e Kuchak \| Rostamabad-e Rika \| Ruhollah \| Ruiban-e Bozorg \| Ruiban-e Kuchak \| Rukovan \| Rutavand \| Rutavand Sabz Ali Khan \| Sabz Bolagh \| Sadavand-e Olya \| Sadeqabad \| Sadval \| Safaiyeh \| Safar Shah \| Safarabad \| Safiabad \| Safiabad \| Sagari \| Sagaz-e Mobarakabad \| Sahanleh \| Sahneh \| Sakui Kulesah \| Salarabad \| Salarabad \| Salarabad \| Salarabad \| Salatin \| Saleh Kucheri \| Salhakeh \| Salman Farsi Garrison \| Salman Tappeh \| Salmaneh \| Saman Ban \| Samangan \| Samangan-e Olya \| Samangan-e Sofla \| Sameleh \| Sameleh-ye Olya \| Sameleh-ye Sofla \| Samereh-ye Olya \| Samereh-ye Sofla \| Sang Dar Meydan-e Olya \| Sang Dar Meydan-e Sofla \| Sangchin \| Sangchin-e Saleh \| Sang-e Karmu Shirzadi \| Sang-e Sefid \| Sang-e Sefid \| Sangtarash \| Sanjabid-e Rayegan \| Sar Ab-e Barnaj \| Sar Asiab \| Sar Asiab \| Sar Asiab \| Sar Barzah \| Sar Cheqa \| Sar Darreh-ye Beyglar Beygi \| Sar Darreh-ye Qobadi \| Sar Dashtelah \| Sar Dehlaq \| Sar Dowkaneh \| Sar Jameh Shuran \| Sar Jub \| Sar Jub-e Qaleh Masgareh \| Sar Kashkamir \| Sar Khelaj \| Sar Khom \| Sar Pan \| Sar Takht \| Sar Takhtgah \| Sar Tappeh-ye Zanganeh \| Sarab Khoshkeh-ye Olya \| Sarab Khoshkeh-ye Sofla \| Sarab Qanbar \| Sarab \| Sarab \| Sarab \| Sarabadiyeh-ye Olya \| Sarabadiyeh-ye Sofla \| Sarabas \| Sarab-e Baba Ali \| Sarab-e Bardeh Zanjir-e Olya \| Sarab-e Bardeh Zanjir-e Sofla \| Sarab-e Dehlor \| Sarab-e Garm Garab \| Sarab-e Garm-e Olya \| Sarab-e Garm-e Sofla \| Sarab-e Harasam \| Sarab-e Karian \| Sarab-e Kulasah \| Sarab-e Mileh Sar \| Sarab-e Nilufar \| Sarab-e Qaleh Shahin \| Sarab-e Sar Firuzabad \| Sarab-e Sarin \| Sarab-e Shah Hoseyn \| Sarab-e Shahini \| Sarab-e Sheleh \| Sarab-e Shian \| Sarab-e Shuhan \| Sarab-e Surenabad \| Sarab-e Tiran \| Sarab-e Zehab \| Sarabeleh \| Sarabian \| Sarableh \| Sarai \| Sarailan-e Sar Qaleh \| Saranjirak \| Sararud-e Olya \| Sararud-e Sofla \| Sarasiab \| Saravareh-ye Vali Najafi \| Sarbagh-e Golin \| Sarbekuh \| Sarbor-e Jadid \| Sardar \| Sardarabad \| Sardom \| Sardsir Posht Gary \| Sarhal-e Shirzadi \| Sarivah \| Sarkan \| Sarkaran \| Sarmaj-e Hoseynkhani \| Sarmaj-e Karami \| Sarmast \| Sarmast \| Sarmil \| Sarpol-e Zahab \| Sarpuzal \| Sarrud-e Olya \| Sarrud-e Sofla \| Sarsegaz \| Sartang \| Sartapah \| Sartipabad \| Sartitan \| Sartumilkeh-ye Gholam \| Saru Khan \| Saruran \| Sarv-e Nav-e Olya \| Sarv-e Nav-e Sofla \| Sarzal \| Sarzal-e Vali Nazeri \| Sarzamelah \| Satar \| Satiari \| Savar Beyg \| Sayeh Kor-e Olya \| Sayehkor-e Sofla \| Saz \| Sefid Ab \| Sefid Barg \| Sefid Choqa \| Sefid Choqa \| Sefid Khani \| Sefid Savar \| Sefid Zangul \| Seh Chek \| Seh Chekan-e Meleh Shahi \| Seh Cheshmeh \| Seh Choqa \| Seh Qulan \| Seh Tapan Aziz \| Seh Tapan Salim \| Seh Tapan \| Seh Tappeh \| Sekher-e Olya \| Sekher-e Sofla \| Selekan \| Serenjageh \| Seyl Gabri \| Seyyed Abbas \| Seyyed Ayaz \| Seyyed Baqer \| Seyyed Davud \| Seyyed Mohammad \| Seyyed Said \| Seyyed Seyfur \| Seyyed Shahab \| Seyyed Shekar \| Seyyed Sohrab \| Seyyed Taqi Rafiqabadi \| Shabankareh \| Shad Bolagh \| Shadabad-e Olya \| Shadabad-e Sofla \| Shademan \| Shaghol-e Bahar Ab \| Shah Bodagh \| Shah Maleki \| Shah Mar \| Shah Vali \| Shah Veysabad \| Shahgodar-e Mohammad \| Shahgodar-e Zamkan \| Shahid Abdol Karim-e Maleki \| Shahid Rajai Garrison \| Shahini \| Shahini \| Shahmar \| Shahmar-e Baba Morad \| Shahmar-e Mirza Morad \| Shahpurabad \| Shahrak-e Alzahra \| Shahrak-e Bangar \| Shahrak-e Bisotun \| Shahrak-e Boniad \| Shahrak-e Halateh \| Shahrak-e Jub Baghan \| Shahrak-e Meydan Namak \| Shahrak-e Rijab \| Shahrak-e Sarab Nilufar \| Shahrak-e Sarabeleh \| Shahrak-e Serias \| Shahrak-e Varleh \| Shahrak-e Zerai Qareh Bolagh \| Shahrokhabad \| Shahsavan \| Shalan \| Shalan \| Shaleh \| Shaliabad \| Shamsabad \| Shamsek \| Shamshir \| Shamshir-e Darreh Rashid \| Shanqal-e Khaldi \| Sharaf \| Sharafshah \| Sharafvand \| Sharifabad \| Sharifabad \| Sharifabad \| Sharvineh \| Shavil-e Sadeq Khan \| Shayengan \| Shelin \| Sherkat-e Zarai Dalahu \| Shesh Bid-e Olya \| Shesh Bid-e Sofla \| Shesh Yekan \| Sheykh Hasan \| Sheykh Jabrail \| Sheykh Mostafa \| Sheykh Salleh \| Sheykh Sorkh ol Din-e Olya \| Sheykh Sorkh ol Din-e Sofla \| Sheykhan \| Sheykhiabad-e Olya \| Sheykhiabad-e Sofla \| Shineh \| Shir Khan \| Shirali \| Shirazi-ye Buri \| Shirazi-ye Olya \| Shirazi-ye Sofla \| Shirazi-ye Vosta \| Shireh Choqa \| Shirin Ab \| Shirzadabad \| Shisheh Rah \| Shit-e Kamarzard \| Shoja \| Shokrab \| Shorkan \| Shuhan-e Olya \| Shuhan-e Sofla \| Shur Bolagh \| Shur Bolagh \| Shurabad \| Shurabad \| Shurabeh \| Shuravash-e Olya \| Shuravash-e Sofla \| Shurcheh \| Sia Sia-ye Keykhosrow \| Siah Bid-e Olya \| Siah Bid-e Sofla \| Siah Choqa \| Siah Choqa \| Siah Choqai-ye Olya \| Siah Choqai-ye Sofla \| Siah Darreh \| Siah Gol \| Siah Kamar \| Siah Kamar-e Olya \| Siah Kamar-e Olya Maruf \| Siah Kamar-e Sheykheh \| Siah Kamar-e Sofla \| Siah Khvor \| Siah Kol \| Siah Peleh-ye Olya \| Siah Peleh-ye Sofla \| Siah Siah \| Siah Siah \| Siah Siah-e Dayar \| Siah Siah-ye Habib \| Siah Siah-ye Khosravi \| Siah Siah-ye Sheykheh \| Siahkhani \| Sianab-e Parab \| Siaran-e Nahrab \| Silow \| Siman \| Simani-ye Olya \| Simani-ye Sofla \| Simeneh-ye Olya \| Simeneh-ye Sofla \| Sir Kuh \| Sirduleh \| Sirduleh \| Sivaneh Darchak \| Sivaneh Seh Tian \| Sivarhovar \| Siyaban \| Sohbatabad \| Soleymanabad \| Soleymanabad \| Soleymaniyeh \| Soltanabad \| Soltanabad \| Soltaniyeh Hajjiabad \| Soltankuh \| Soltanqoli \| Somaqestan-e Sofla \| Sonqor \| Sonqorabad \| Sorkh Alijeh \| Sorkh Darreh \| Sorkhak \| Sorkheban-e Olya \| Sorkheban-e Sofla \| Sorkheh Deh \| Sorkheh Deh \| Sorkheh Dizeh \| Sorkheh Khani \| Sorkheh Mehri \| Sorkhehvand \| Sufivand \| Sufivand \| Sukhvor-e Ali Mohammad-e Gol Mohammadi \| Sukhvor-e Allahi \| Sukhvor-e Hajji Morad \| Sukhvor-e Karmi \| Sukhvor-e Khush Aqbal \| Sukhvor-e Kohzad \| Sukhvor-e Morovvati \| Sukhvor-e Namdar-e Abdi \| Sukhvor-e Namdar-e Mirzapur \| Sukhvor-e Rashid-e Olya \| Sukhvor-e Rashid-e Sofla \| Sukhvor-e Shahbaz-e Najafi \| Sukhvor-e Shahbaz-e Shiri \| Sumar \| Suran-e Olya \| Suran-e Sofla \| Surenabad \| Surgal \| Surni-ye Olya \| Surni-ye Sofla Tabarabad \| Taesheh Mahmud Nazari \| Tahaneh-ye Nurollah \| Tahaneh-ye Olya \| Tahaneh-ye Sofla \| Tahaneh-ye Vosta \| Tahemasab \| Taherabad \| Taherabad \| Taherabad \| Taiyafeh-ye Ali Jan \| Taiyafeh-ye Babakhan \| Taiyafeh-ye Hazrat-e Soleyman \| Taiyafeh-ye Hemmat Hasan Pur \| Taiyafeh-ye Kheydan \| Taiyafeh-ye Namdar Parna \| Taiyafeh-ye Seyfollah \| Taiyafeh-ye Shaeran \| Taiyafeh-ye Shirzadi \| Tajjar Akbar \| Tajjar Karam-e Panahabad \| Takaneh \| Takht-e Shirin \| Takhtgah-e Hoseyn Soltan \| Takhtgah-e Jahan Bakhsh \| Takhtgah-e Safi Yar Soltan \| Takhtgah-e Surat Khanom \| Tal Khalvati-ye Qader Rahman \| Talal \| Talandasht \| Taleh Tut \| Taleh Tut \| Talkhestan \| Tamark \| Tamleh \| Tamtam \| Tang-e Esmail \| Tang-e Hammam \| Tang-e Laneh Ban Safer Neyazi \| Tang-e Shuhan-e Olya \| Tang-e Shuhan-e Sofla \| Tanur Dul \| Tapani \| Tappeh Afshar \| Tappeh Azimeh \| Tappeh Bur \| Tappeh Darab Khan \| Tappeh Darvishi \| Tappeh Gol \| Tappeh Goleh-ye Olya \| Tappeh Goleh-ye Sofla \| Tappeh Kabud \| Tappeh Kabud \| Tappeh Kabud-e Hasan Gholami \| Tappeh Kabud-e Sofla \| Tappeh Kabud-e Sofla Abdol Mohammad \| Tappeh Kanan \| Tappeh Kuik \| Tappeh Laleh \| Tappeh Lari \| Tappeh Lori \| Tappeh Maran \| Tappeh Rash Kalashi \| Tappeh Rash \| Tappeh Rash \| Tappeh Rash \| Tappeh Sabz \| Tappeh Zard \| Tappeh-ye Esmail \| Tappeh-ye Hoseyn Khan \| Tappeh-ye Khargushan \| Tappeh-ye Shaban \| Taq Taq \| Tarazak-e Abdollah \| Tarazak-e Kasan \| Tarazu Bareh \| Tarkeh Veys \| Tashar \| Tasurehjan \| Tavakkolabad-e Darreh Deraz \| Tavallali \| Tavamen Shineh \| Tavilehgah-e Olya \| Tavilehgah-e Sofla \| Taviran-e Olya \| Taviran-e Vosta \| Tayeni \| Tazehabad \| Tazehabad \| Tazehabad \| Tazehabad \| Tazehabad-e Amaleh \| Tazehabad-e Amin \| Tazehabad-e Bani Azizi \| Tazehabad-e Bati \| Tazehabad-e Bidgoli \| Tazehabad-e Darreh Gerd \| Tazehabad-e Garaveh \| Tazehabad-e Gardel Gari \| Tazehabad-e Gari Khan Mohammad \| Tazehabad-e Heydarbeygi \| Tazehabad-e Karsavan \| Tazehabad-e Khalifeh \| Tazehabad-e Khosrow \| Tazehabad-e Kukav \| Tazehabad-e Labagh \| Tazehabad-e Majid \| Tazehabad-e Marivani \| Tazehabad-e Markazi \| Tazehabad-e Melleh Tarshi \| Tazehabad-e Miraki \| Tazehabad-e Mowlai \| Tazehabad-e Murchi \| Tazehabad-e Namivand \| Tazehabad-e Nazliyan \| Tazehabad-e Sarab \| Tazehabad-e Sarab Tiran \| Tazehabad-e Sarayilan \| Tazehabad-e Serias \| Tazehabad-e Seydali \| Tazehabad-e Shir Ali \| Tazehabad-e Taleqan \| Tekeyeh Taviran-e Sofla \| Tekyah \| Telesm \| Tepan \| Tin \| Tinemu-ye Olya \| Tinemu-ye Sofla \| Tisheh Kan \| Tolsem Shahbaz \| Torab \| Torkahpan \| Torkeh-ye Olya \| Torkeh-ye Sofla \| Torkeh-ye Sofla \| Tovah Khoshkeh \| Toveh Khoshkeh \| Toveh Sorkhak-e Nesar \| Toveh Sorkhak-e Olya \| Toveh Sorkhak-e Sofla \| Toveh-ye Latif \| Tubreh Riz \| Tukan \| Tulabi \| Tulak \| Tumianeh \| Turan Shahr \| Tushmalan \| Tut Shami Urazeh Vahdat \| Valakehvand \| Valiabad \| Valiabad \| Valiabad \| Valikhani \| Vanai \| Vanakuh \| Vaneh Rangineh \| Vani Sar \| Var Gonbad \| Vara \| Varavis \| Vardaran \| Varegah \| Varegah-e Olya \| Varegah-e Sofla \| Vargach \| Vargachgeh-ye Zeyyed Ali \| Varkurak \| Varleh \| Varmaqan \| Varmazan Somaq \| Varmenjeh \| Varva \| Vazard Tohmasab \| Vazem Khoshkeh Rud \| Vazli \| Veyleh \| Veyleh \| Veylehi-ye Melah Rash \| Veys Ahmad \| Vinah \| Visgeh \| Vizheh \| Voraj \| Vozmaleh \| Vozmaleh West Cement Plant Yalveh-ye Olya \| Yalveh-ye Sofla \| Yaran \| Yargeleh \| Yari \| Yarijan-e Olya \| Yarijan-e Sofla \| Yavari Dayar \| Yavari \| Yek Jofti \| Yekdangi \| Yengijeh \| Yusofjerd \| Yuvan Zafaran \| Zafaran-e Olya \| Zafaran-e Sofla \| Zaghan-e Olya \| Zaghan-e Sofla \| Zagheh-ye Ali Karam \| Zagheh-ye Bozorg-e Qaleh-ye Ranjbar \| Zahmani \| Zalakeh-ye Farajollah-e Montazeri \| Zalakeh-ye Hajj Abbas Qoli \| Zalakeh-ye Vaziri \| Zalan \| Zalan-e Olya \| Zaleh Rash \| Zalm Sur \| Zalteh \| Zalu Ab \| Zamanabad \| Zamelah \| Zamkan-e Olya \| Zandhar \| Zaneylan-e Olya \| Zaneylan-e Sofla \| Zanganeh \| Zangi Choqa \| Zangi \| Zangisheh \| Zangivand \| Zardab-e Mohebb \| Zard-e Sheykh Hasan \| Zardeh \| Zardeh \| Zardui \| Zarrin Choqa \| Zarrin Ju \| Zarrin Jub \| Zavareh Kuh \| Zavoleh-ye Olya \| Zavoleh-ye Sofla \| Zazem-e Olya \| Zazem-e Sofla \| Zebar \| Zerrover \| Zeyn ol Din \| Zeynal Khan \| Zeynalan-e Olya \| Zeynalan-e Sofla \| Zhalan Rashid \| Zhalan Tappeh Kakeh Aziz \| Zhaleh-ye Kuseh \| Zhalekeh-ye Hoseyn \| Zhav Marg-e Mohammad Morad \| Zhav Marg-e Olya \| Zhav Marg-e Sofla \| Ziarat-e Tamarkhan \| Ziba Jub \| Zilubostam \| Ziran \| Zirjubi \| Ziveh \| Zohrab \| Zolmabad-e Olya \| Zolmabad-e Sofla \| Zuleh", "Lucky McDaniel __knowledge__ Bobby Lamar \"Lucky\" McDaniel (1925–1986) was a marksmanship instructor who taught what he called \"instinct shooting\" to bird hunters and peace officers off and on from 1953 until 1982, using a Daisy lever-action BB gun without sights as his basic training aid.", "Lucky McDaniel __knowledge__ While his shooting technique is often categorized as point shooting, the key characteristic of his technique is a split-second point-and-shoot move.", "Lucky McDaniel __knowledge__ He taught approximately 100,000 people, mostly bird hunters and law enforcement officers, his method of shooting.", "Lucky McDaniel __knowledge__ The bird hunters included ex-President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Henry Ford II, John Wayne, Audie Murphy, and key executives of the Remington and Winchester firearms companies.", "Inception __knowledge__ Inception is a 2010 science fiction film written, co-produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan, and co-produced by Emma Thomas.", "Inception __knowledge__ The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio as a professional thief who steals information by infiltrating the subconscious, and is offered a chance to have his criminal history erased as payment for the implantation of another person's idea into a target's subconscious.", "Inception __knowledge__ The ensemble cast additionally includes Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, Tom Hardy, Dileep Rao, Cillian Murphy, Tom Berenger, and Michael Caine.", "Inception __knowledge__ After the 2002 completion of \"Insomnia\", Nolan presented to Warner Bros. a written 80-page treatment about a horror film envisioning \"dream stealers\" based on lucid dreaming.", "Subconscious __knowledge__ In psychology, the word subconscious is the part of consciousness that is not currently in focal awareness.", "Subconscious __knowledge__ The word \"subconscious\" represents an anglicized version of the French \"subconscient\" as coined by the psychologist Pierre Janet (1859-1947), who argued that underneath the layers of critical-thought functions of the conscious mind lay a powerful awareness that he called the subconscious mind.", "Subconscious __knowledge__ Sigmund Freud first used the term \"subconscious\" in 1893 to describe associations and impulses that are not accessible to consciousness.", "Subconscious __knowledge__ He later abandoned the term in favor of unconscious, noting the following: In 1896, in Letter 52, Freud introduced the stratification of mental processes, noting that memory-traces are occasionally re-arranged in accordance with new circumstances.", "Powder painting __knowledge__ Powder painting is the art of using ground glass in powdered form to create kilnformed glass art.", "Powder painting __knowledge__ The process differs from enameling in many respects.", "Powder painting __knowledge__ Firstly, the powder is actually ground glass typically from a single manufacturer who supplies an extensive color palette.", "Powder painting __knowledge__ Large jars can be purchased which are fairly inexpensive compared to enamels, making large scale paintings possible This technique is one variation of many ways to create images on glass using glass bits (frits), and in this case powder.", "Powder painting __knowledge__ The process is fairly simple whereby the dry powders are arranged on sheet glass in any desired pattern or design.", "Discourses (Meher Baba) __knowledge__ Discourses () is a book by Meher Baba that has had seven editions since 1939 and is still in print.", "Discourses (Meher Baba) __knowledge__ Next to \"God Speaks\" it is considered the second most important of Meher Baba's books by his followers.", "Discourses (Meher Baba) __knowledge__ The book covers many subjects, both practical and highly esoteric.", "Discourses (Meher Baba) __knowledge__ Some chapters go into the human search for the Truth and God, spiritual advancement, aspirants, various states of God-realized beings, the Avatar and discipleship.", "Discourses (Meher Baba) __knowledge__ Other chapters deal methodically with several aspects of spiritual advancement and the spiritual path, such as the formation and removal of \"sanskaras\" (mental impressions), various aspects of meditation, transcending good and evil, and clarify Meher Baba's views on such topics as occultism, reincarnation and maya.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of various characters in the fictional universe of the anime and manga series Sgt.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Frog and related works.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The is led by Sergeant Keroro.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ While most platoons contain thirty or forty soldiers, the Keroro Platoon only has a meager five.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Its full name is the .", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ In the English dub of the anime, the unit is referred to as the Advance Recon Mission Preparatory Invasion Terror Platoon (A.R.M.P.I.T.).", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Keroro refers to the acronym as being \"unfortunate\".", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The initial operation of the Keroro Platoon was to stealthily survey Earth and relay information to the awaiting Keron Invasion Army.", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex.", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers), and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo).", "Sexual intercourse __knowledge__ These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and can contribute to human bonding.", "Chinese classifier __knowledge__ The modern Chinese varieties make frequent use of what are called classifiers or measure words.", "Chinese classifier __knowledge__ One of the basic uses of classifiers is in phrases in which a noun is qualified by a numeral.", "Chinese classifier __knowledge__ When a phrase such as \"one person\" or \"three books\" is translated into Chinese, it is normally necessary to insert an appropriate classifier between the numeral and the noun.", "Chinese classifier __knowledge__ For example, in Standard Mandarin, the first of these phrases would be \"yí rén\", where \"yī\" means \"one\", \"rén\" means \"person\", and \"gè\" is the required classifier.", "Chinese classifier __knowledge__ There are also other grammatical contexts in which classifiers are used, including after the demonstratives 这 (這) \"zhè\" (\"this\") and 那 \"nà\" (\"that\"); however, when a noun stands alone without any such qualifier, no classifier is needed.", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ Kyle Rayner is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ The character is depicted as being associated with the Green Lantern Corps, an extraterrestrial police force of which he has been a member.", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ The character's original design was based on actor Keanu Reeves.", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ In 2013, Kyle Rayner was placed 14th on IGN's list of the \"Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics\".", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ Created by writer Ron Marz and artist Darryl Banks, Kyle Rayner first appeared in \"Green Lantern\" vol.", "Kyle Rayner __knowledge__ 3, #48 (1994), as part of the \"Emerald Twilight\" storyline, in which DC Comics replaced Green Lantern Hal Jordan with Rayner, who was the sole Green Lantern for years until the late 1990s.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of the interconnections between free will and neuroscience.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ As it has become possible to study the human living brain, researchers have begun to watch decision making processes at work.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ Findings could carry implications for our sense of agency, moral responsibility, and our understanding of consciousness in general.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ One of the pioneering studies in this domain was designed by Benjamin Libet, while other studies have attempted to predict participant actions before they make them.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ The field remains highly controversial.", "Neuroscience of free will __knowledge__ There is no consensus among researchers about the significance of findings, their meaning, or what conclusions may be drawn." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching or crowd watching is the act of observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge.", "People watching __knowledge__ It involves picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story.", "People watching __knowledge__ This includes speech in action, relationship interactions, body language, expressions, clothing and activities.", "People watching __knowledge__ Eavesdropping may accompany the activity, though is not required.", "People watching __knowledge__ For some people it is considered a hobby, but for many others it is a subconscious activity they partake in everyday without even realizing.", "People watching __knowledge__ People watching is not to be confused with naturalistic observation.", "People watching __knowledge__ Naturalistic observation is used for scientific purposes, whereas people watching is a casual activity, used for relaxation or inspiration for characters or characters' mannerisms in their own creative works.", "People watching __knowledge__ It should also not be confused with street photography; while the street photographer necessarily does people watching, he or she does so for the purpose of taking photographs of the people for art and documentary purposes.", "People watching __knowledge__ Proper People Watching should follow Expectation of Privacy principles, as well not be unethical or degrading the subjects.", "People watching __knowledge__ The legislation concerning non-consented pictures of people varies between countries and should also be observed, such as with Wikipedia's own Commons page.", "Metabolome __knowledge__ The metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample.", "Metabolome __knowledge__ The biological sample can be a cell, a cellular organelle, an organ, a tissue, a tissue extract, a biofluid or an entire organism.", "Metabolome __knowledge__ The small molecule chemicals found in a given metabolome may include both endogenous metabolites that are naturally produced by an organism (such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, amines, sugars, vitamins, co-factors, pigments, antibiotics, etc.)", "Metabolome __knowledge__ as well as exogenous chemicals (such as drugs, environmental contaminants, food additives, toxins and other xenobiotics) that are not naturally produced by an organism.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ Sorrows of Stephen is a play by Peter Parnell, and was originally published in 1980.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ The original production was at the New York Shakespeare Festival.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ In the first scene, Stephen reads \"Sorrows of Young Werther\".", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ He meets a bum on the street while trying to hail a taxi, and the bum turns out to be Howard Fishbein, who he knew in high school.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ They briefly discuss Stephen’s book.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ Howard shows that he has a gun, explains that his girlfriend has left him, and he tells Stephen he might use the gun on himself.", "Sorrows of Stephen __knowledge__ Stephen tells him not to and leaves, accidentally driving away in a taxi with Howard’s gun.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men are a culture jamming activist duo and network of supporters created by Jacques Servin and Igor Vamos.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ Through actions of tactical media, the Yes Men primarily aim to raise awareness about problematic social and political issues.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ To date, the duo have produced three films: \"The Yes Men\" (2003), \"The Yes Men Fix the World\" (2009) and \"The Yes Men Are Revolting\" (2014).", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ In these films, they impersonate entities that they dislike, a practice that they call \"identity correction\".", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ The Yes Men operate under the mission statement that lies can expose truth.", "The Yes Men __knowledge__ They create and maintain fake websites similar to ones they intend to spoof, which have led to numerous interview, conference, and TV talk show invitations.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the shōjo manga series Ouran High School Host Club, created by Bisco Hatori.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ Ouran Academy is an elite upper school catering to the ultra-rich.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ Haruhi Fujioka is a middle-class scholarship student, a rarity at the school.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ While searching for a quiet place to study, she stumbles upon an unused music room which turns out to be the club room for the school's Host Club — a group of idle rich boys, possessing exceptional good-looks, who entertain female clients.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ After accidentally knocking over a priceless Renaissance vase that's worth far more than Haruhi can possibly repay (¥8 million), she is forced to join the Host Club as an \"errand boy\" to work off her debt.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy." ] ]	[ 1, 5, 2, 4 ]	[ "People watching, observing people and their interactions, usually without their knowledge, is something I have done a few times.", "Not necessarily, for me it is a subconscious activity they partake in everyday without even realizing it unlike others that do it for a hobby.", "I wouldn't say I love it, no. Just something that tends to happen sometimes. I guess picking up on idiosyncrasies to try to guess at another person's story just comes to all of us really at times, subconsciously.", "Also, eavesdropping, at times, accompanies people watching activity." ]	[ "People watching", "People watching", "People watching", "People watching" ]
[ "Chocolate", "I have never had it!", "Sounds pretty interesting. Where does it come from?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Never Say Never Again is a 1983 James Bond spy film starring Sean Connery, directed by Irvin Kershner, produced by Jack Schwartzman, and written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. with uncredited additional co-writers Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, from a story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Ian Fleming.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ It is the second adaptation of Fleming's \"Thunderball\", which was previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Unlike the majority of James Bond films, \"Never Say Never Again\" was not produced by Eon Productions, but by an independent production company, one of whose members was Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the \"Thunderball\" story, who retained the filming rights of the novel following a legal dispute over them.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" was composed by Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith, Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single \"The Show\".", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able to relate to the song.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of \"Best Thing I Never Had\" are revenge and karma.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the long-running musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is not based on the storyline in the original book by Gaston Leroux.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Lloyd Webber stated: \"I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece.\"", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ He later clarified: \"Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen \"Phantom of the Opera\" to understand \"Love Never Dies\".\"", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Never Say Never is the second studio album by American singer Brandy.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Released by Atlantic Records on June 9, 1998 in United States, Norwood's label consulted David Foster and upcoming producer Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and his team to work with her on the record, the latter of who went on to craft the majority of the album and would evolve as her mentor and head producer on succeeding projects in the 2000s.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ The lyrical themes on the album include the singer's personal experiences with love, monogamy, media bias, and maturity.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Influenced by Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston, Norwood wanted to present a more mature facet of herself with the album, incorporating a ballad-heavy style and an adult contemporary feel into her urban-pop sound for the album.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Never Let Me Go is a 2010 British dystopian romantic drama film based on Kazuo Ishiguro's 2005 novel of the same name.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Mark Romanek from a screenplay by Alex Garland.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" is set in an alternative history and centres on Kathy, Ruth and Tommy portrayed by Carey Mulligan, Keira Knightley and Andrew Garfield respectively, who become entangled in a love triangle.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in April 2009 and lasted several weeks.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The movie was filmed at various locations, including Andrew Melville Hall.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" was produced by DNA Films and Film4 on a US$15 million budget.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Sharpe is a series of historical fiction stories by Bernard Cornwell centred on the character of Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Cornwell's series (composed of several novels and short stories) charts Sharpe's progress in the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Director Tom Clegg filmed the television series Sharpe based on the novels by Bernard Cornwell starring Sean Bean as Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ The series originally ran from 1993 to 1997.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In 2006, ITV premiered \"Sharpe's Challenge\", a two-part adventure loosely based on his time in India, with Sean Bean continuing his role as Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In both the novels and television series, Sharpe encountered many characters, some real and some fictional.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Central and South America.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make cocoa mass, cocoa powder, confectionery, ganache and chocolate.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ Leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx.", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+5²) (5).", "Theobroma cacao __knowledge__ While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, \"Forcipomyia\" midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The cocoa bean, also called cacao bean, cocoa (), and cacao (), is the dried and fully fermented seed of \"Theobroma cacao\", from which cocoa solids and, because of the seed's fat, cocoa butter can be extracted.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The beans are the basis of chocolate, and of such Mesoamerican foods as \"mole\" and \"tejate\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The word \"cocoa\" comes from the Spanish word \"cacao\", which is derived from the Nahuatl word \"cacahuatl\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The Nahuatl word, in turn, ultimately derives from the reconstructed Proto Mije-Sokean word \"kakaw~kakawa\".", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ The term \"cocoa\" also means The cacao tree is native to the Americas.", "Cocoa bean __knowledge__ It originated in Central America and parts of Mexico.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ \"Cacao necrosis virus\" (CNV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the genus \"nepovirus\" that infects \"Theobroma cacao\" en natura causing cacao necrosis disease.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ CNV is considered synonymous with Strain S of cacao swollen shoot virus.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Unlike cacao swollen-shoot virus, it is not transmitted by mealybugs nor vectored by aphids, beetles or leafhoppers that also commonly infest cacao.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ It is serologically, distantly related to Tomato black ring virus and very distantly related to Hungarian Chrome Mosaic virus.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Cacao necrosis virus is restricted to systemic infection of \"Theobroma cacao\" in nature.", "Cacao necrosis virus __knowledge__ Symptoms on cacao include an acute stage showing translucent veinal necrosis of leaves, necrotic or chlorotic spots of leaves, defoliation, and dieback of shoots that rarely leads to seedling death if infected by the Ghanaian isolate.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The history of chocolate in Spain is part of the culinary history of Spain as understood since the 16th century, when the colonization of the Americas began and the cocoa plant was discovered in regions of Mesoamerica, until the present.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ After the conquest of Mexico, cocoa as a commodity travelled by boat from the port of Nueva España to the Spanish coast.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ The first such voyage to Europe occurred at an unknown date in the 1520s.", "History of chocolate in Spain __knowledge__ However it was only in the 17th century that regular trade began from the port of Veracruz, opening a maritime trade route that would supply the new demand from Spain, and later from other European countries.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ After fermentation, the beans are dried, cleaned, and roasted.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The shell is removed to produce cacao nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The liquor also may be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugars.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Thomas Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\" (\"OLTL\").", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Todd was a college student and fraternity brother to Kevin Buchanan, Zach Rosen, and Powell Lord.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ In 1993, following a storyline in which he becomes acquainted with Marty Saybrooke, he initiates a gang rape on her with the help of Zach and Powell.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ The storyline was considered groundbreaking by television critics.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Its main players—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did Malone and his writing team.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ \"Perfect Stranger\" is a single by American rock band Cheap Trick, released as the lead single from their critically acclaimed 2006 album \"Rockford\".", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ It was the band's first single in three years.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ Released as the leading single from \"Rockford\", the promotional single aimed for radio station play only.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The song impacted radio on April 3, 2006, although many stations had already begun playing the record, well in advance of the official impact date.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The single saw plenty of attention and was a radio hit in America.", "Perfect Stranger (Cheap Trick song) __knowledge__ The song was written by all four members of the band with American musician, songwriter and producer Linda Perry.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ Pretty.", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ Odd.", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ is the second studio album by American rock band Panic at the Disco.", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ Recorded at the Studio at the Palms in Paradise, Nevada with additional production at Abbey Road Studios in London with producer Rob Mathes, the album was released March 25, 2008 on Decaydance and Fueled by Ramen.", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ Inspired by baroque pop and the works of The Beatles and The Beach Boys, the psychedelic-styled rock album differs greatly from the techno-influenced pop punk of \"A Fever You Can't Sweat Out\" (2005).", "Pretty. Odd. __knowledge__ To begin work on the record, Panic at the Disco retreated to a cabin in the rural mountains of Mount Charleston, in the group's native state of Nevada.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Chocolate milk __knowledge__ Chocolate milk is sweetened chocolate-flavored milk.", "Chocolate milk __knowledge__ It can be made by mixing chocolate syrup (or chocolate powder) with milk (from cows, goats, soy, rice, etc.).", "Chocolate milk __knowledge__ It can be purchased pre-mixed with milk or made at home by blending milk with cocoa powder and a sweetener (such as sugar or a sugar substitute), melted chocolate, chocolate syrup, or a pre-made powdered chocolate milk mix.", "Chocolate milk __knowledge__ Other ingredients, such as starch, salt, carrageenan, vanilla, or artificial flavoring are sometimes added.", "Chocolate milk __knowledge__ The carrageenan is used at very low concentrations to form an imperceptible weak gel that prevents the large, dense particles of chocolate from sedimentation.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Dutch cuisine () is formed from the cooking traditions and practices of the Netherlands.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The country's cuisine is shaped by its location in the fertile North Sea river delta of the European Plain, giving rise to fishing, farming (for crops and domesticated animals), and trading over sea (colonialism and the spice trade).", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is simple and straightforward, with many vegetables and little meat: breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings like cheese, while dinner is , supplemented with seasonal vegetables.", "Dutch cuisine __knowledge__ The diet contains many dairy products and was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the laborers whose culture molded the country.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Chocolate Milk (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) __knowledge__ \"Undercover\" is the second episode of the second season of the American television police sitcom series \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\".", "Chocolate Milk (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) __knowledge__ It is the 24th overall episode of the series and is written by co-executive producer Gabe Liedman and directed by Fred Goss.", "Chocolate Milk (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) __knowledge__ It aired on Fox in the United States on October 5, 2014.", "Chocolate Milk (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) __knowledge__ The show revolves around the fictitious 99th precinct of the New York Police Department in Brooklyn and the officers and detectives that work in the precinct.", "Chocolate Milk (Brooklyn Nine-Nine) __knowledge__ Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) is an immature yet very talented detective in the precinct with an astounding record of crimes solved, putting him in a competition with fellow detective Amy Santiago (Melissa Fumero).", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 3 ]	[ "Dude, I absolutely love the sweet, brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\". Most people call it chocolate. You like it?", "Really? It's made into a paste or block usually. Sometimes it's used as a flavoring on other food like chocolate milk for example.", "It's been made for the fast 3 millenniums by Mesoamerica cultures. They used it in ceremonies and stuff. " ]	[ "Chocolate", "Chocolate", "Chocolate" ]
[ "Knitting", "I love knitted items! Im not so good at it, I tend to mess up and get distracted. But I love when people give me things they knitted!", "Ohhh okay so did the Dutch first start it?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Knitting __knowledge__ Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread.", "Knitting __knowledge__ In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads).", "Knitting __knowledge__ By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path (a \"course\"), forming symmetric loops (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Knitting __knowledge__ Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread.", "Knitting __knowledge__ In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads).", "Knitting __knowledge__ By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path (a \"course\"), forming symmetric loops (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or some other type of fabric.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ The word is derived from \"knot\", thought to originate from the Dutch verb \"knutten\", which is similar to the Old English \"cnyttan\", to knot.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Its origins lie in the basic human need for clothing for protection against the elements.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ More recently, hand knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a technique of producing fabric from a strand of yarn or wool.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Unlike weaving, knitting does not require a loom or other large equipment, making it a valuable technique for nomadic and non-agrarian peoples.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Hand knitting is a form of knitting, in which the knitted fabric is produced by hand using needles.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting uses two straight needles to make generally two-dimensional (flat) pieces.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting is usually used to knit flat pieces like scarves, blankets, afghans, and the backs, fronts and arms of sweaters (pullovers).", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ In flat knitting, generally stockinette stitch, the hand-knitter knits from right-to-left on one side of the fabric, turns the work (over), and then purls right-to-left back to the starting position.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Usually the smooth side of the fabric is considered the \"right side\", the one facing outwards for viewing; and the side that faces inwards, towards the body, the ridged side, is known as the \"wrong side\".", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for socks and hats.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Its properties are distinct from nonwoven fabric in that it is more durable but takes more resources to create, making it suitable for multiple uses.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ There are two major varieties of knit fabric: weft-knit and warp-knit fabrics.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Warp-knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are resistant to runs, and are commonly used in lingerie.", "Knitted fabric __knowledge__ Weft-knit fabrics are easier to make and more common.", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The American animated series \"OK K.O.!", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Let's Be Heroes\" features a diverse fictional cast created by Ian Jones-Quartey.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The series centers on K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ (voiced by Stephanie Nadolny alternating with Courtenay Taylor) and his efforts to become a true hero.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ In order to do so, he starts working at Gar's Bodega owned by the all powerful Mr. Gar (voiced by David Herman) and run by his two teenage employees Enid (voiced by Ashly Burch) and Radicles \"Rad\" (voiced by Ian Jones-Quartey).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Together they battle the evil forces of Boxmore, owned by the sinister Lord Boxman (voiced by Jim Cummings).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ also receives help from a variety of people including his mother Carol (voiced by Kate Flannery) and his best friend Dendy (voiced by Melissa Fahn).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ Cowichan knitting is a form of knitting characteristic of the Cowichan people of southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia.", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ The distinctively patterned, heavy-knit Cowichan sweaters, popular among British Columbians and tourists, are produced using this method.", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ Cowichan knitting is an acculturated art form, a combination of European textile techniques and Salish spinning and weaving methods.", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ From this union, new tools, techniques and designs developed over the years.", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ Cowichan sweaters are also called Siwash Sweaters, Indian Sweaters, Curling Sweaters or sometimes Mary Maxim Sweaters.", "Cowichan knitting __knowledge__ While \"Cowichan\" is the name of a specific First Nations group, the word “siwash” is borrowed from Chinook jargon, the historic trade language of the Pacific Northwest.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ Slip-stitch knitting is a family of knitting techniques that use slip stitches to make multiple fabrics simultaneously, to make extra-long stitches, and/or to carry over colors from an earlier row.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ In the basic slip stitch the stitch is passed from the left needle to the right needle without being knitted.", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ The yarn may be passed invisibly \"behind\" the slipped stitch (wyib=\"with yarn in back\") or \"in front\" of the slipped stitch (wyif=\"with yarn in front\"), where it produces a small horizontal \"bar\".", "Slip-stitch knitting __knowledge__ The wyif slipped stitch is less common, although several knitting patterns use it to produce a visual effect like woven cloth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Knitting __knowledge__ Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread.", "Knitting __knowledge__ In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads).", "Knitting __knowledge__ By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path (a \"course\"), forming symmetric loops (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ A motorbike roller coaster is a type of steel roller coaster designed with motorcycle type cars.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ Booster Bike at Toverland was the world's first motorbike roller coaster.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ Vekoma was the first company to design such a ride, although Intamin and Zamperla have since created similar designs.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ A similar but unrelated Steeplechase roller coaster was Knott's Berry Farm's Motorcycle Chase by Arrow Dynamics which opened in 1976.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ That attraction featured single motorbike themed vehicles racing side-by-side, each on one of four parallel tracks, launched together.", "Motorbike roller coaster __knowledge__ It was retrofitted in 1980 as Wacky Soap Box Racers until removed in 1996.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ Ohhh...Alright... is a 1964 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ It formerly held the record for highest auction price for a Lichtenstein painting.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ In November 2010, \"Ohhh...Alright...\", previously owned by Steve Martin and later by Steve Wynn, was sold at a record US $42.6 million (£26.7 million) at a sale at Christie's in New York, which surpassed the 2005 $16.2 million Lichtenstein record set when \"In the Car\" sold.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ The hammer price was $38 million.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ It was surpassed in the following year by \"I Can See the Whole Room...and There's Nobody in It!", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ \", which sold for $43.2 million.", "Ohhh...Alright... __knowledge__ Measuring 91.4 cm × 96.5 cm (36 in × 38 in), \"Ohhh...Alright...\" is derived from the June 1963 edition of \"Secret Hearts\" #88 by Arleigh Publishing Corp. (now part of D. C. Comics).", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ PEC Zwolle is a Dutch football club based in Zwolle, currently playing in the Eredivisie, the country's highest level of professional club football.", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ They have played in the Eredivisie for a total of 16 seasons, reaching sixth place in 2015.", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ They won the KNVB Cup in 2014 and also reached the final in 1928, 1977 and 2015.", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ This is the second incarnation of the club; its predecessor of the same name went bankrupt in 1990.", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ The current club was founded immediately afterwards as \"FC Zwolle\" before renaming back to PEC Zwolle in 2012.", "PEC Zwolle __knowledge__ PEC was founded on 12 June 1910, the name being an abbreviation of PH EDN Combinatie (PH EDN Combination).", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ \"Loveline\" has frequent games and traditions in which phone callers, guests, and the hosts participate.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Most of the games and traditions come and leave with their respective hosts.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Engineer Anderson Cowan is fond of splicing up phrases Drew, Adam, Stryker, and guests have uttered on previous shows and \"dropping\" them into new shows mid-call, to the confusion of callers and amusement of seasoned listeners.", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ Some favorites are: Some of the Drew Drops were set to music in the \"Dr. Drew Shuffle\" and the later \"Dr. Drew Boogie.\"", "List of Loveline games __knowledge__ There are some other drops taken from a skit on the television show \"Crank Yankers\".", "Peeters directive __knowledge__ The Peeters directive (, ), officially Circular BA 97/22 of 16 December 1997 concerning the use of languages in municipal councils of the Dutch language area, is a \"circulaire\" of the Flemish government regulating the use of languages in municipal councils in the Flemish Region (Belgium), where the sole official language is Dutch.", "Peeters directive __knowledge__ The directive is more in particular aimed at the municipalities with language facilities bordering the Brussels Capital-Region.", "Peeters directive __knowledge__ It stipulates that each and every time French-speakers deal with the government, they must explicitly ask for their documents to be in French.", "Dutch Formosa __knowledge__ The island of Taiwan, before World War II and until 1970s was commonly known as Formosa, was partly under colonial Dutch rule from 1624 to 1662.", "Dutch Formosa __knowledge__ In the context of the Age of Discovery, the Dutch East India Company established its presence on Formosa to trade with the Chinese (Ming Empire) and Japanese, and also to interdict Portuguese and Spanish trade and colonial activities in East Asia.", "Dutch Formosa __knowledge__ The time of Dutch rule saw economic development in Taiwan, including both large-scale hunting of deer and the cultivation of rice and sugar by imported Han labour from the Ming Empire.", "Dutch Formosa __knowledge__ The Dutch also attempted to convert the aboriginal inhabitants to Christianity, and suppress aspects of traditional culture that they found disagreeable, such as head hunting, forced abortion and public nakedness.", "Mark de Vries __knowledge__ Mark Lyndon Patrick de Vries (born 24 August 1975 in Paramaribo) is a Dutch footballer currently playing for Dutch Hoofdklasse club ONS Sneek.", "Mark de Vries __knowledge__ De Vries was born in Suriname, but when he was six months old his mother took him to live in Den Helder in the Netherlands.", "Mark de Vries __knowledge__ The towering striker played youth football for local side WGW Den Helder.", "Mark de Vries __knowledge__ In 1994, De Vries was recruited by FC Volendam where he gained four seasons experience at the top level in the Dutch Eredivisie.", "Mark de Vries __knowledge__ De Vries spent season 1998–99 in the French Second Division with Chamois Niortais and then the Dutch First Division club Dordrecht '90 acquired his services in 1999.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or some other type of fabric.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ The word is derived from \"knot\", thought to originate from the Dutch verb \"knutten\", which is similar to the Old English \"cnyttan\", to knot.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Its origins lie in the basic human need for clothing for protection against the elements.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ More recently, hand knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a technique of producing fabric from a strand of yarn or wool.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Unlike weaving, knitting does not require a loom or other large equipment, making it a valuable technique for nomadic and non-agrarian peoples.", "Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch __knowledge__ Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch and—unlike Netherlands Dutch, Belgian Dutch and Surinamese Dutch—a separate standard language rather than a national variety.", "Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch __knowledge__ As an estimated 90 to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin, there are few lexical differences between the two languages; however, Afrikaans has a considerably more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling.", "Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch __knowledge__ There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages, particularly in written form.", "Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch __knowledge__ Research suggests that mutual intelligibility between Dutch and Afrikaans is better than between Dutch and Frisian or between Danish and Swedish.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ \"Nieuw-Nederland\", or New Netherland, was the seventeenth-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on northeastern coast of North America.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ The claimed territory were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Cape Cod.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ Settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and southwestern Connecticut.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ There were small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ Its capital, New Amsterdam, was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on the Upper New York Bay.", "List of New Netherland placename etymologies __knowledge__ The most developed part of the province roughly corresponds to today's Greater New York Metro Area.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "Bilingual lexical access __knowledge__ Bilingual lexical access is an area in psycholinguistics research that studies the activation or retrieval process of the mental lexicon for people who can speak two languages.", "Bilingual lexical access __knowledge__ Bilingual lexical access can be understood as all aspects of word processing, including all the mental activity from the perception of the word from one language until all its lexical knowledge from the target language is available.", "Bilingual lexical access __knowledge__ Research in this field seeks to fully understand these mental processes.", "Bilingual lexical access __knowledge__ Bilingual individuals have two mental lexical representations for an item or concept and are able to successfully select words from one language without significant interference from the other language." ] ]	[ 1, 12, 49 ]	[ "I taught myself how to knit recently. It's a process of manipulating yarn to create items.", "Me too! The word knitting actually is derived from \"knot\" and thought to come from the dutch word \"Knutten\".", "I'm not sure but it basically was created to fulfill a human need for comfort and warmth. " ]	[ "Knitting", "Knitting", "Knitting" ]
[ "Taylor Swift", "thats awesome, when was she born?", "oh wow she is young.", "wow that is young to start a career then." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ The object of the game is to bring the rest of the world under the player's control.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ There are twelve playable armies, but at the start of the game, only Yggdra and Milanor may be selected.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ The other ten armies must be unlocked by fulfilling two to four conditions during a playthrough; what an army's conditions are can be viewed from the selection screen, with fulfilled conditions appearing in red.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ Much like other Sting games, the phases of Yggdra Unison are called \"turns\"; \"turns\" are split up into three parts—preparation, combat, and treasure hunting.", "Yggdra Unison __knowledge__ During the preparation stage, the player is prompted to choose which card will be effective during the combat stage.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Fearless is the second studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album was released on November 11, 2008, by Big Machine Records.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ As with her first album, \"Taylor Swift\", Swift wrote or co-wrote all thirteen tracks on \"Fearless\".", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Most of the songs were written as the singer promoted her first album as the opening act for numerous country artists.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Due to the unavailability of collaborators on the road, eight songs were written by Swift.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Other songs were co-written with Liz Rose, Hillary Lindsey, Colbie Caillat, and John Rich.", "Fearless (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift also made her debut as a record producer, co-producing all songs on the album with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Love Story\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ She also co-produced the track with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 12, 2008 by Big Machine Records, as the lead single from Swift's second studio album \"Fearless\" (2008).", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written about a love interest of Swift's who was not popular among Swift's family and friends.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Because of the scenario, Swift related to the plot of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597) and used it as a source of inspiration to compose the song.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ However, she replaced \"Romeo and Juliet\"s original tragic conclusion with a happy ending.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ \"Picture to Burn\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was co-written by Swift and Liz Rose, and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was released on February 3, 2008 by Big Machine Records as the fourth single from Swift's eponymous studio album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ It was inspired by the narcissistic and cocky nature of her former high school classmate and ex-boyfriend Jordan Alford with whom Swift never established a formal relationship.", "Picture to Burn __knowledge__ In retrospect, Swift has stated that she has evolved on a personal level and as a songwriter, claiming she processed emotions differently since \"Picture to Burn\".", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Our Song\" is a country song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 9, 2007 by Big Machine Records as the third single from Swift's eponymous debut album, \"Taylor Swift\" (2006).", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Swift solely composed \"Our Song\" for the talent show of her freshman year in high school, about a boyfriend who she did not have a song with.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was included on \"Taylor Swift\" as she recalled its popularity with her classmates.", "Our Song (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The uptempo track is musically driven mainly by banjo and lyrically describes a young couple who use the events in their lives in place of a regular song.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, originally titled Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, is a Christmas EP by American singer Taylor Swift.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The EP was first released on October 14, 2007 by Big Machine Records exclusively to Target stores in the United States and online.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ The release was originally a limited release for the 2007 holiday season, but was re-released to iTunes and Amazon.com on December 2, 2008 and again in October 2009 to Target stores.", "The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection __knowledge__ \"The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection\" features cover versions of Christmas songs and two original tracks written by Swift, \"Christmases When You Were Mine\" and \"Christmas Must Be Something More\", all of which have a country pop sound." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ The 1988–89 season was the 109th season of competitive football in England.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ The season saw Arsenal win their first league title for 18 years, in dramatic fashion, as they beat defending champions Liverpool 2-0 at Anfield to clinch the title on amount of goals scored.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ Liverpool had won the FA Cup six days earlier and for the second season running missed out on a unique second double.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ Third placed Nottingham Forest lifted both the Football League Cup and Full Members Cup.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ The ban on English clubs was now in its fourth season and UEFA then voted for it to continue for a fifth season.", "1988–89 in English football __knowledge__ The season was overshadowed by the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989, which resulted in the death of 96 Liverpool fans (the death total eventually reached 96) in a crowd crush at the FA Cup semi-final.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ The 1989–90 season was the 110th season of competitive football in England.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ English clubs were still banned from competing in European competitions following the Heysel Stadium disaster.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ Liverpool overhauled a greatly improved Aston Villa side to win their 18th league championship trophy and their fifth major trophy in as many seasons under Kenny Dalglish's management.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ To date, this remains their last league title.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ Gary Lineker's arrival at Tottenham Hotspur saw the North Londoners occupy third place after a season of improvement.", "1989–90 in English football __knowledge__ Luton Town stayed up on goal difference at the expense of Sheffield Wednesday's relegation, while Charlton's four-year spell in the First Division came to an end at the beginning of May.", "Revolutions of 1989 __knowledge__ The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.", "Revolutions of 1989 __knowledge__ The period is sometimes called the Autumn of Nations, a play on the term \"Spring of Nations\" that is sometimes used to describe the Revolutions of 1848.", "Revolutions of 1989 __knowledge__ The events of the full-blown revolution began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania.", "Revolutions of 1989 __knowledge__ One feature common to most of these developments was the extensive use of campaigns of civil resistance, demonstrating popular opposition to the continuation of one-party rule and contributing to the pressure for change.", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 25, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all.", "Dissolution of the Soviet Union __knowledge__ On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers – including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes – to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.", "1989 (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ 1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift released on October 27, 2014, through Big Machine Records.", "1989 (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Swift began composing the album following release of previous studio effort, \"Red\" (2012).", "1989 (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ Over the course of the two-year songwriting period, she collaborated with producers Max Martin and Shellback—Martin served as the album's executive producer alongside Swift.", "1989 (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album's title was named after the singer's birth year and inspired by the pop music of the 1980s.", "1989 (Taylor Swift album) __knowledge__ The album represents a departure from the country music of Swift's previous albums, and is described by her as the \"first documented official pop album.\"", "Robert Matthew-Walker __knowledge__ Robert Matthew-Walker (born 23 July 1939) is an English writer, editor, marketer, producer, broadcaster and composer, mainly involved in classical music.", "Robert Matthew-Walker __knowledge__ Robert Matthew-Walker was born in Lewisham, London, and studied at Goldsmith's College, University of London, the London College of Music and the London College of Printing (now University of the Arts, London).", "Robert Matthew-Walker __knowledge__ After leaving the Army in 1962, following service at the Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre (JARIC), the War Office and in North Africa, he studied composition privately with the French composer Darius Milhaud in Paris in 1962–63.", "Prisoner of War Medal __knowledge__ The Prisoner of War Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was authorized by Congress and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on 8 November 1985.", "Prisoner of War Medal __knowledge__ The United States Code citation for the POW Medal statute is .", "Prisoner of War Medal __knowledge__ The Prisoner of War Medal may be awarded to any person who was a prisoner of war after April 5, 1917 (the date of the United States' entry into World War I was April 6).", "Prisoner of War Medal __knowledge__ It is awarded to any person who was taken prisoner or held captive while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States; while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing Armed Force; or while serving with friendly forces engaged in armed conflict against an opposing Armed Force in which the United States is not a belligerent party." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album's third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift's second album, \"Fearless\", was released in 2008.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Buoyed by the success of pop crossover singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", \"Fearless\" became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, \"Speak Now\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the United States and the single \"Mean\" won two Grammy Awards.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Nashville Sounds are a Minor League Baseball team of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) and the Triple-A affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ They are located in Nashville, Tennessee, and are named for the city's association with the music industry.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The team plays its home games at First Tennessee Park which opened in 2015 and is partially located on the site of the historic Sulphur Dell ballpark.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ The Sounds previously played at Herschel Greer Stadium from its opening in 1978 until the end of the 2014 season.", "Nashville Sounds __knowledge__ Established as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League in 1978, the Sounds were replaced by a Triple-A American Association team in 1985.", "Nashville, Tennessee __knowledge__ Nashville () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County.", "Nashville, Tennessee __knowledge__ It is located on the Cumberland River in the north central part of the state.", "Nashville, Tennessee __knowledge__ The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, private prison, banking and transportation industries, and is home to numerous colleges and universities.", "Nashville, Tennessee __knowledge__ Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system.", "Nashville, Tennessee __knowledge__ The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member Metropolitan Council; 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while the other five are elected at-large.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947) is an American motorsports analyst, author, national television broadcaster, and former racing driver.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ He is also a three-time NASCAR Cup Series champion (1981, 1982, 1985) and a three-time NASCAR Cup Series runner-up (1979, 1983, 1986).", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Posting a modern NASCAR series record of 22 top five finishes in 1983 and 21 top five finishes both in 1981 and 1986, Waltrip won 84 NASCAR Cup Series races, including the 1989 Daytona 500, a record five in the Coca-Cola 600 (formerly the World 600) (1978, 1979, 1985, 1988, 1989), and a track and Series record for any driver at Bristol Motor Speedway with 12 (seven consecutive from 1981 to 1984)." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 3, 4 ]	[ "Taylor swift is my favorite singer / songwriter", "she was born in 1989", "yes, she started at the age of 14 .. and moved to nashville to start her career", "she was able to sign with the Big Machine record label and became the youngest artist ever to be signed by Sony Music publishing" ]	[ "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift", "Taylor Swift" ]
[ "Candy", "Really, do you prefer milk, dark, or white?", "Those are good. I think I like Dark chocolate the best. I heard on NPR's planet money that recently there was a cacoa shortage." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.", "Candy __knowledge__ The category, called \"sugar confectionery\", encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy.", "Candy __knowledge__ Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be \"candied\".", "Candy __knowledge__ Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces.", "Candy __knowledge__ However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals.", "Candy __knowledge__ Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert.", "Candy __knowledge__ The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy is a sweet food product.", "Candy __knowledge__ Sugar candies include hard candies, soft candies, caramels, marshmallows, taffy, and other candies whose principal ingredient is sugar.", "Candy __knowledge__ Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to the amount of sugar they contain and their chemical structure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.", "Candy __knowledge__ The category, called \"sugar confectionery\", encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy.", "Candy __knowledge__ Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be \"candied\".", "Candy __knowledge__ Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces.", "Candy __knowledge__ However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals.", "Candy __knowledge__ Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert.", "Candy __knowledge__ The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy is a sweet food product.", "Candy __knowledge__ Sugar candies include hard candies, soft candies, caramels, marshmallows, taffy, and other candies whose principal ingredient is sugar.", "Candy __knowledge__ Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to the amount of sugar they contain and their chemical structure.", "Muriel Magenta __knowledge__ Muriel Magenta is a visual artist working in new media genres of computer art, installation, multimedia performance as well as video and sculpture.", "Muriel Magenta __knowledge__ Her installations involve the interface between electronic media and the audience, creating visual/perceptual experiences within actual spaces, transforming them into hybrids between virtual environments and lived space.", "Muriel Magenta __knowledge__ Magenta has had solo exhibitions at the University of Southern California, Kansas City Art Institute, LACE Los Angeles, Scottsdale Center for the Arts, among others.", "Muriel Magenta __knowledge__ Her work has been exhibited internationally in group exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Brussels International Film Festival, European Media Festival, Brooklyn Film Festival, among others.", "2006–07 Bristol Rovers F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2006–07 season was the 124th year of football played by Bristol Rovers, and their 80th season in The Football League, and covers the period from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.", "2006–07 Bristol Rovers F.C. season __knowledge__ After finishing sixth in Football League Two, Rovers won the playoff final for the first time in their history, and won promotion for only the fourth time since joining The Football League.", "2006–07 Bristol Rovers F.C. season __knowledge__ The previous promotions were all automatic, and came in the 1952–53, 1973–74 and 1989–90 seasons.", "2006–07 Bristol Rovers F.C. season __knowledge__ The season began with a subdued atmosphere among fans, caused by six previous seasons of poor performances and a bitter boardroom split, resulting in four directors leaving the club.", "Bar mleczny __knowledge__ A bar mleczny—literally \"milk bar\" in Polish (though not to be confused with the Australian milk bar)—is a Polish form of cafeteria.", "Bar mleczny __knowledge__ The first typical milk bar \"Mleczarnia Nadświdrzańska\" was established in 1896 in Warsaw by Stanisław Dłużewski, a member of Polish landed gentry.", "Bar mleczny __knowledge__ Although the typical \"bar mleczny\" had a menu based on dairy items, these establishments generally also served other, non-dairy traditional Polish dishes as well.", "Bar mleczny __knowledge__ The commercial success of the first milk bars encouraged other businessmen to copy this type of restaurant.", "Bar mleczny __knowledge__ As Poland regained her independence after World War I, milk bars appeared in most of the country.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ Bristol Rovers F.C.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ is an English football club based in the city of Bristol.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ The history of Bristol Rovers covers the period from their formation in 1883 as the Black Arabs until the present day.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ The club spent their early days playing matches that were arranged on an ad-hoc basis, not joining a formal league until becoming founder members of the Western League in 1892.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ Full professionalism followed shortly afterwards, and in 1899 they were admitted to the Southern League.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ Rovers were invited to join the Football League in 1920, when the competition expanded to incorporate a third division.", "History of Bristol Rovers F.C. __knowledge__ They remained a Football League club for 94 years, surviving re-election on one occasion prior to the Second World War, until their relegation to the Football Conference in 2014.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ Harvey Bernard Milk (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician and the first openly gay elected official in the history of California, where he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ Although he was the most pro-LGBT politician in the United States at the time, politics and activism were not his early interests; he was neither open about his sexuality nor civically active until he was 40, after his experiences in the counterculture movement of the 1960s.", "Harvey Milk __knowledge__ In 1972, Milk moved from New York City to the Castro District of San Francisco amid a migration of gay and bisexual men.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Goat __knowledge__ The domestic goat (\"Capra aegagrus hircus\") is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.", "Goat __knowledge__ The goat is a member of the family Bovidae and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae.", "Goat __knowledge__ There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat.", "Goat __knowledge__ Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species, and have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world.", "Goat __knowledge__ In 2011, there were more than 924 million live goats around the globe, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Goat __knowledge__ Female goats are referred to as \"does\" or \"nannies\", intact males are called \"bucks\" or \"billies\" and juveniles of both sexes are called \"kids\".", "Confectionery __knowledge__ Confectionery is a collective term for sweets/candy and chocolate.", "Confectionery __knowledge__ A broader definition includes pastry and thus distinguishes bakers' confections (cakes and pastries) from sugar confections (including chocolates, but not explicitly ice-cream).", "Confectionery __knowledge__ This broader definition of confectionery is equivalent to the archaic term sweetmeat.", "Confectionery __knowledge__ Bakers' confectionery, also called flour confections, includes principally sweet pastries, cakes, and similar baked goods.", "Confectionery __knowledge__ In the Middle East and Asia, flour-based confections predominate.", "Confectionery __knowledge__ Sugar confectionery includes sweets/candy, candied nuts, chocolates, chewing gum, pastillage, and other confections that are made primarily of sugar.", "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Farley's & Sathers Candy Company was created as an umbrella company to roll-up many small companies, brands and products under a common management team.", "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ The confectionery business segment is made up of many small companies, often with intertwined relationships and histories.", "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Catterton Partners formed the Farley's & Sathers Candy Company in 2002 as a vehicle for the purchase of some of the former Farley Foods Company and Sathers Candy Company assets and brands from Kraft.", "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ Since that time, additional brands and businesses have been added to the roster.", "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company __knowledge__ In 2012, the owners of Farley's & Sathers, L Catterton Partners, purchased Ferrara Pan Candy Company.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ A candy bar is a type of sugar confectionery that is in the shape of a bar.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ Many varieties of candy bars exist, and many are mass-produced.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ A candy bar frequently, though not necessarily always, includes chocolate.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ A \"combination candy bar\" is one that contains chocolate plus other ingredients, such as nuts or nougat.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ The Goo Goo Cluster was the first mass-produced combination bar.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ Between World War I and the middle of the 20th century, approximately 40,000 brands of candy bars were introduced.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ The earliest recorded candy bar was made in 1847 by Joseph Fry, a Quaker from Bristol, England.", "Candy bar __knowledge__ He discovered a way to mix the ingredients of cocoa powder, sugar and cocoa to manufacture a paste that could then be molded into a proper candy bar for consumption.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ Mondelēz International, Inc., styled Mondelēz (), is an American multinational confectionery, food, and beverage company based in Illinois which employs about 107,000 people around the world.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ It consists of the global snack and food brands of the former Kraft Foods Inc after the October 2012 spin-off of its North American grocery operations.", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ The Mondelez name, adopted in 2012, was suggested by Kraft Foods employees and is derived from the words \"mundus\" (Latin for “world”) and \"delez\" (a proxy for the word \"delicious\").", "Mondelez International __knowledge__ The company, headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois, manufactures chocolate, biscuits, gum, confectionery, and powdered beverages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.", "Candy __knowledge__ The category, called \"sugar confectionery\", encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy.", "Candy __knowledge__ Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be \"candied\".", "Candy __knowledge__ Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces.", "Candy __knowledge__ However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food.", "Candy __knowledge__ Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals.", "Candy __knowledge__ Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert.", "Candy __knowledge__ The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.", "Candy __knowledge__ Candy is a sweet food product.", "Candy __knowledge__ Sugar candies include hard candies, soft candies, caramels, marshmallows, taffy, and other candies whose principal ingredient is sugar.", "Candy __knowledge__ Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to the amount of sugar they contain and their chemical structure.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or is a producer of Belgian chocolate, owned by Mondelēz International.", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or was founded in 1883 by Charles Neuhaus, a chocolate manufacturer who used the name Côte d'Or (pseudo French for Gold Coast ) referring to the old name of contemporary Ghana, the source of many of the cacao beans used in chocolate manufacturing.", "Côte d'Or (chocolate) __knowledge__ Côte d'Or was purchased by Jacobs Suchard in 1987; Jacobs Suchard in turn was purchased by Kraft General Foods in 1990, which forked off its chocolate and confectionery brands into Mondelez International in 2012, so that Mondelez is the current owner of the Côte d'Or brand.", "Planet Money __knowledge__ Planet Money is an American podcast and blog produced by NPR, in association with Chicago Public Media, producers of the program \"This American Life\".", "Planet Money __knowledge__ The podcast launched on September 6, 2008 to cover the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 in the wake of the Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.", "Planet Money __knowledge__ It was created after the success of \"The Giant Pool of Money\", an episode of \"This American Life\".", "Planet Money __knowledge__ Currently, episodes are produced two days a week and are around 20 minutes in length.", "Planet Money __knowledge__ As of 2015, podcasts were hosted by Robert Smith, Stacey Vanek Smith, David Kestenbaum, Caitlin Kenney, Jacob Goldstein, and Noel King.", "M&M's __knowledge__ M&M's are \"colorful button-shaped chocolates\", each of which has the letter \"m\" printed in lower case on one side, surrounds a filling which varies depending upon the variety of M&M's.", "M&M's __knowledge__ The original candy had a milk chocolate filling which, upon introducing other variations, was branded as the \"plain\" variety.", "M&M's __knowledge__ \"Peanut\" M&M's, which feature a peanut coated in milk chocolate, and finally a candy shell, were the first variation to be introduced, and they remain a regular variety.", "M&M's __knowledge__ Numerous other variations have been introduced, some of which are regular widespread varieties (such as \"peanut butter\", \"almond\", \"pretzel\", \"crispy\", \"dark chocolate\", and \"caramel\") while others are limited in duration or geographic availability.", "NPR __knowledge__ National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.", "NPR __knowledge__ NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming.", "NPR __knowledge__ Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs; most broadcast a mix of NPR programs, content from rival providers American Public Media, Public Radio International, Public Radio Exchange and WNYC Studios, and locally produced programs.", "NPR __knowledge__ The organisation's flagship shows are two drive-time news broadcasts, \"Morning Edition\" and the afternoon \"All Things Considered\"; both are carried by most NPR member stations, and are among the most popular radio programs in the country.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Kit Kat is a chocolate-covered wafer bar confection created by Rowntree's of York, United Kingdom, and is now produced globally by Nestlé, which acquired Rowntree in 1988, with the exception of the United States where it is made under license by H.B.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Reese Candy Company, a division of The Hershey Company.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ The standard bars consist of two or four fingers composed of three layers of wafer, separated and covered by an outer layer of chocolate.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Each finger can be snapped from the bar separately.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ There are many different flavours of Kit Kat, including milk, white, and dark chocolate.", "Kit Kat __knowledge__ Use of the name Kit Kat or Kit Cat for a type of food goes back to the 18th century, when mutton pies known as a Kit-Kat were served at meetings of the political Kit-Cat Club in London owned by pastry chef Christopher Catling.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry in the Philippines evidences the agricultural roots of the Philippine society.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The growing of cacao or cocoa boasts a long history stretching from the colonial times.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Originating from Mesoamerican forests, cacao was first introduced by the Spanish colonizers four centuries ago.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Since then the Philippine cocoa industry has been the primary producer of cocoa beans in the Southeast Asia.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ There are many areas of production of cacao in the Philippines, owing to its agriculture.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The chocolate industry is currently on a small to medium scale.", "Chocolate industry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The word “chocolate” as we know it today was spelled in different ways throughout time, in different ways such as “chocalatall,” “jocolatte,” “jacolatte,” and “chockelet.” It is a derivative of the word \"cacahuatl\" or \"xocoatl\", a bitter drink the Aztecs brewed from cacao beans mixed with spices, wine, and other local ingredients that can be traced back to Pre-Columbian Mexico.", "Cadbury Creme Egg __knowledge__ A Cadbury Creme Egg () is a chocolate product produced in the shape of an egg.", "Cadbury Creme Egg __knowledge__ The product consists of a thick chocolate shell, housing a white and orange fondant filling which mimics the albumen and yolk of a chicken egg.", "Cadbury Creme Egg __knowledge__ The Creme Eggs are the best selling confectionery item between New Year's Day and Easter in the UK, with annual sales in excess of 200 million and a brand value of approximately £55 million.", "Cadbury Creme Egg __knowledge__ However, in 2016 sales plummeted after the controversial decision to change the recipe from the original Dairy Milk chocolate to a cheaper substitute, with reports of a loss of more than £6m in sales.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is the second-largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury is internationally headquartered in Uxbridge, West London, and operates in more than 50 countries worldwide.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ It is famous for its Dairy Milk chocolate, the Creme Egg and Roses selection box, and many other confectionery products.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ One of the best-known British brands, in 2013 \"The Daily Telegraph\" named Cadbury among Britain's most successful exports.", "Cadbury __knowledge__ Cadbury was established in Birmingham, England in 1824, by John Cadbury who sold tea, coffee and drinking chocolate.", "Creme Egg Twisted __knowledge__ The Cadbury Creme Egg Twisted was a chocolate bar produced by Cadbury UK in the United Kingdom.", "Creme Egg Twisted __knowledge__ It was a milk chocolate bar with a filling of Cadbury Creme Egg fondant.", "Creme Egg Twisted __knowledge__ Introduced in 2008, it was a result of Cadbury researching that customers wanted the Creme Egg to be available all year, mainly for the fondant centre rather than the egg shape.", "Creme Egg Twisted __knowledge__ Previously, the fondant Creme Egg center was available as a filling in the Cadbury Dairy Milk line, but that has since then been phased out with the Creme Egg Twisted replacing it.", "Creme Egg Twisted __knowledge__ Currently, only the Cadbury Heroes mini variation is available in the UK.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel __knowledge__ Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel (better known and still referred to by its former name Cadbury's Caramel or Cadbury Caramel) is a chocolate bar that is part of the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand and is made by Cadbury UK and Cadbury Ireland.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel __knowledge__ The bar is sold in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel __knowledge__ The bar was first launched in 1976, originally called Cadbury's Caramel until 2003, when it was renamed.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel __knowledge__ In early 2009 it was relaunched, with the Caramel name re-emphasised as the main on-pack brand, and the Dairy Milk brand logo reduced in size.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel __knowledge__ Cadbury Dairy Milk Caramel Milk chocolate with a soft caramel centre, launched 1976.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ Cadbury Dairy Milk is a brand of milk chocolate manufactured by Cadbury.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ It was introduced in the United Kingdom in 1905 and now consists of a number of products.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ Every product in the Dairy Milk line is made with exclusively milk chocolate.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ In 2014, Dairy Milk was ranked the best-selling chocolate bar in the UK.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ It is manufactured and distributed by the Hershey Company in the U.S. under license from Cadbury.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ In June 1905 in England, Cadbury made its first Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk than previous chocolate bars, and it became the company's best-selling product by 1914.", "Cadbury Dairy Milk __knowledge__ George Cadbury Junior, responsible for the development of the bar, has said \"All sorts of names were suggested: Highland Milk, Jersey and Dairy Maid.", "Wispa __knowledge__ Wispa is a brand of chocolate bar manufactured by Cadbury using aerated chocolate.", "Wispa __knowledge__ The bar was launched in 1981 as a trial version in North East England and with its success it was introduced nationally in 1983.", "Wispa __knowledge__ It was seen as a competitor to Rowntree's Aero (now owned by Nestlé).", "Wispa __knowledge__ In 2003, as part of a relaunch of the Cadbury Dairy Milk brand, the Wispa brand was discontinued and the product relaunched as \"Dairy Milk Bubbly\".", "Wispa __knowledge__ As part of the relaunch, the product was reshaped as a standard moulded bar (similar to other 'Dairy Milk' products) instead of a whole-bar count-line.", "Wispa __knowledge__ However, in 2007, helped by an Internet campaign by enthusiasts, the Wispa bar was relaunched, albeit for a \"limited period\"." ] ]	[ 2, 76, 14 ]	[ "Chocolate is my favorite candy or sugar confectionery", "Dairy Milk chocolate, like the cadbury Creme Egg and Roses", "It is amazing that it can be made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block" ]	[ "Candy", "Candy", "Candy" ]
[ "General Electric\nCan you tell me about General Electric? I think they make appliances.", "Cool, they must be very successful. What is it that they do?", "Oh, they are very diversified! I only know about my GE blender in the kitchen, lol.", "That's awesome. I think they may also own a cable news station if I remember right." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "General Electric __knowledge__ General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ As of 2016, the company operates through the following segments: Aviation, Current, Digital, Energy Connections, Global Research, Healthcare, Lighting, Oil and Gas, Power, Renewable Energy, Transportation, and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services, Medical devices, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Software Development and Engineering industries.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2011, GE ranked as the 14th most profitable.", "General Electric __knowledge__ , the company was listed the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded to employees of General Electric: Irving Langmuir in 1932 and Ivar Giaever in 1973.", "General Electric __knowledge__ On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut (where it had been since 1974) to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The first group of workers arrived in the summer of 2016, and the full move will be completed by 2018.", "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress __knowledge__ Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress is an attraction located at the Magic Kingdom park at the Walt Disney World Resort.", "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress __knowledge__ Created by both Walt Disney and WED Enterprises as the prime feature of the General Electric (GE) Pavilion for the 1964 New York World's Fair, the attraction was moved to Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim, California as Carousel of Progress, remaining there from 1967 until 1973.", "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress __knowledge__ It was replaced in Disneyland by America Sings in 1974, and reopened in its present home in Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom in 1975.", "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress __knowledge__ Steeped in both nostalgia and (in the past) futurism, the attraction's premise is an exploration of the joys of living through the advent of electricity and other technological advances during the 20th century via a \"typical\" American family.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ The war of the currents (sometimes called battle of the currents) was a series of events surrounding the introduction of competing electric power transmission systems in the late 1880s and early 1890s.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ It included commercial competition, a debate over electrical safety, and a media/propaganda campaign that grew out of it, with the main players being the direct current (DC) based Edison Electric Light Company and the alternating current (AC) based Westinghouse Electric Company.", "War of the currents __knowledge__ It took place during the introduction and rapid expansion of the alternating current standard (already in use and advocated by several US and European companies) and its eventual adoption over the direct current distribution system.", "AC power plugs and sockets __knowledge__ AC power plugs and sockets are devices that allow electrically operated equipment to be connected to the primary alternating current (AC) power supply in a building.", "AC power plugs and sockets __knowledge__ Electrical plugs and sockets differ in voltage and current rating, shape, size and type of connectors.", "AC power plugs and sockets __knowledge__ The types used in each country are set by national standards, some of which are listed in the IEC technical report TR 60083, \"Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC\".", "AC power plugs and sockets __knowledge__ The scope of IEC TR 60083 states: \"The report only contains systems for which standard sheets have been published in a National Standard, which may be a National Standard of the country itself or any other IEC member country\".", "United States v. Line Material Co. __knowledge__ United States v. Line Material Co., 333 U.S. 287 (1948), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court limiting the doctrine of the 1926 \"General Electric\" decision, excusing price fixing in patent license agreements.", "United States v. Line Material Co. __knowledge__ The \"Line Material\" Court held that cross-licenses between two manufacturer competitors, providing for fixing the prices of the licensed products and providing that one of the manufacturers would license other manufacturers under the patents of each manufacturer, subject to similar price fixing, violated Sherman Act § 1.", "United States v. Line Material Co. __knowledge__ The Court further held that the licensees who, with knowledge of such arrangements, entered into the price-fixing licenses thereby became party to a hub-and-spoke conspiracy in violation of Sherman Act § 1.", "Hotpoint __knowledge__ The Hotpoint Electric Heating Company (generally known simply as Hotpoint) is an American and European brand of domestic appliances.", "Hotpoint __knowledge__ Ownership of the brand is split between the American company Whirlpool, which has European rights, and Chinese company Haier, which has North American rights since its purchase of GE Appliances.", "Hotpoint __knowledge__ Hotpoint was founded in 1911.", "Hotpoint __knowledge__ The name of the company comes from the \"hot point\" of the revolutionary first electric iron of 1905, invented by the American (Wisconsin) Earl Richardson (1871–1934) having formed his Pacific Electric Heating Company in Ontario, California, in 1906.", "AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types __knowledge__ Plugs and sockets for electrical appliances not hardwired to mains electricity originated in Britain in the 1880s and were initially two-pin designs.", "AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types __knowledge__ These were usually sold as a mating pair, but gradually de facto and then official standards arose to enable the interchange of compatible devices.", "AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types __knowledge__ British standards have proliferated throughout large parts of the former British Empire.", "AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types __knowledge__ BS 546, \"Two-pole and earthing-pin plugs, socket-outlets and socket-outlet adaptors for AC (50-60 Hz) circuits up to 250 V\" is a British Standard for three pin AC power plugs and sockets.", "AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types __knowledge__ Originally published in April 1934, it was updated by a 1950 edition which is still current, with eight amendments up to 1999." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "General Electric __knowledge__ General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ As of 2016, the company operates through the following segments: Aviation, Current, Digital, Energy Connections, Global Research, Healthcare, Lighting, Oil and Gas, Power, Renewable Energy, Transportation, and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services, Medical devices, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Software Development and Engineering industries.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2011, GE ranked as the 14th most profitable.", "General Electric __knowledge__ , the company was listed the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded to employees of General Electric: Irving Langmuir in 1932 and Ivar Giaever in 1973.", "General Electric __knowledge__ On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut (where it had been since 1974) to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The first group of workers arrived in the summer of 2016, and the full move will be completed by 2018.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Air conditioning __knowledge__ Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing heat from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants.", "Air conditioning __knowledge__ Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments.", "Air conditioning __knowledge__ This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans or animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and even to display and store artwork.", "Air conditioning __knowledge__ Air conditioners often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an occupied space such as a building or a car to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Industrial autoclaves are pressure vessels used to process parts and materials which require exposure to elevated pressure and temperature.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ The manufacture of high-performance components from advanced composites often requires autoclave processing.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ An autoclave applies both heat and pressure to the workload placed inside of it.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Typically, there are two classes of autoclave.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Those pressurized with steam process workloads which can withstand exposure to water, while circulating heated gas provides greater flexibility and control of the heating atmosphere.", "Autoclave (industrial) __knowledge__ Processing by autoclave is far more costly than oven heating and is therefore generally used only when isostatic pressure must be applied to a workload of comparatively complex shape.", "Kenton Cool __knowledge__ Kenton Cool (born 30 July 1973) is an English mountaineer, alpinist and IFMGA mountain guide.", "Kenton Cool __knowledge__ He is one of Britain's leading alpine and high altitude climbers and has summited Mount Everest twelve times, including leading Sir Ranulph Fiennes' 2008 and 2009 Expeditions.", "Kenton Cool __knowledge__ He has completed over 20 notable expeditions in the Greater Ranges and, in 2013, became the first person to climb Nuptse, Everest and Lhotse in a single push without returning to base camp.", "Kenton Cool __knowledge__ Cool was born in Slough, Berkshire in 1973.", "Kenton Cool __knowledge__ His family surname was originally Kuhle and was changed during the Second World War by his half-German grandfather.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The economy of Ohio nominally would be the 27th largest global economy behind Saudi Arabia and ahead of Argentina according to the 2015 IMF report.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state had a projected GDP of $526.1 billion in 2013, up from 517.1 in 2012, and up from 501.3 in 2011, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ In 2013, Ohio was ranked in the top ten states for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on a business-activity database.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ The state was edged out only by Texas and Nebraska for the 2013 Governor's Cup award from the magazine, based on business growth and economic development.", "Economy of Ohio __knowledge__ A new report by the Quantitative Economics and Statistics Practices (QUEST) of Ernst & Young in conjunction with the Council On State Taxation (COST), ranks Ohio as third in the nation for friendliest tax environment.", "Economy of Paris __knowledge__ Paris, including both the City of Paris and the Île-de-France region (Paris Region), is the most important center of economic activity in France, accounting for about thirty percent of the French GDP..", "Economy of Paris __knowledge__ The economy of the City of Paris, in the center of the Region, is based largely on services and commerce: of the 390,480 of its enterprises, 80.6 percent are engaged in commerce, transportation, and diverse services, 6.5 percent in construction, and just 3.8 percent in industry.", "Economy of Paris __knowledge__ The story is similar in the Paris Region, or Île-de-France, as a whole.", "Economy of Paris __knowledge__ 76.7 percent of enterprises are engaged in commerce and services, and 3.4 percent in industry.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Columbus, Ohio has a generally strong and diverse economy based on education, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Overall, it was ranked as one of the top 10 best big cities in the country in 2010, according to Relocate America, a real estate research firm.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ Market Watch ranked Columbus and their metro area as the No.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ 7 best place in the country to operate a business in 2008.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ The same year Ohio was ranked No.", "Economy of Columbus, Ohio __knowledge__ 5 in the nation for headquarters of Fortune 500 companies, with Columbus home to the most in the state.", "Dallas __knowledge__ Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.", "Dallas __knowledge__ It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's population ranks ninth in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines.", "Dallas __knowledge__ The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat; however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ Columbia contains the oldest college in the state of New York and is the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the United States, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ It was established as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain and renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolutionary War.", "Columbia University __knowledge__ The college has produced numerous distinguished alumni.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha ( ) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ According to the 2010 census, Omaha's population was 408,958, making it the nation's 44th-largest city; this had increased to 446,970 as of a 2016 estimate.", "Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013, with an estimated population of 895,151 residing in eight counties." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "General Electric __knowledge__ General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ As of 2016, the company operates through the following segments: Aviation, Current, Digital, Energy Connections, Global Research, Healthcare, Lighting, Oil and Gas, Power, Renewable Energy, Transportation, and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services, Medical devices, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Software Development and Engineering industries.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2011, GE ranked as the 14th most profitable.", "General Electric __knowledge__ , the company was listed the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded to employees of General Electric: Irving Langmuir in 1932 and Ivar Giaever in 1973.", "General Electric __knowledge__ On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut (where it had been since 1974) to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The first group of workers arrived in the summer of 2016, and the full move will be completed by 2018.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Blender (software) __knowledge__ Blender is a professional, free and open-source 3D computer graphics software toolset used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games.", "Blender (software) __knowledge__ Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, motion graphics, video editing and compositing.", "Blender (software) __knowledge__ It also features an integrated game engine.", "Blender (software) __knowledge__ The Dutch animation studio Neo Geo developed Blender as an in-house application in January 1995, with the primary author being software developer Ton Roosendaal.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Blender __knowledge__ A blender (sometimes called a liquidiser in British English) is a kitchen and laboratory appliance used to mix, purée, or emulsify food and other substances.", "Blender __knowledge__ A stationary blender consists of a blender jar with a rotating metal blade at the bottom, powered by an electric motor in the base.", "Blender __knowledge__ Some powerful models can also crush ice.", "Blender __knowledge__ The newer immersion blender configuration has a motor on top connected by a shaft to a rotating blade at the bottom, which can be used with any container.", "Blender __knowledge__ Different blenders have different functions and features but product testing indicates that many blenders, even less expensive ones, are useful for meeting many consumer needs.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "Internet of things __knowledge__ The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data.", "Internet of things __knowledge__ Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet infrastructure.", "Internet of things __knowledge__ Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of about 30 billion objects by 2020.", "Internet of things __knowledge__ It is also estimated that the global market value of IoT will reach $7.1 trillion by 2020.", "Internet of things __knowledge__ The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.", "Irevna __knowledge__ Global Research & Analytics - Irevna is an offshoring company based in India operating in the Financial Research & Analytics segment of the Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) industry.", "Irevna __knowledge__ It is known for its equity, credit, derivatives research for investment banking clients, actuarial support for the insurance companies and research support for corporates.", "Irevna __knowledge__ According to Datamonitor's The Black Book of Outsourcing, survey participants ranked Irevna #1 in 14 of the 18 evaluation criteria [2009] Founded in 2001, it is now a division of CRISIL Ltd (NSE:CRISIL, BSE:500092).", "Irevna __knowledge__ CRISIL’s majority shareholder is Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Financial Companies and one of the world's providers of financial market intelligence.", "The Heartland Institute __knowledge__ The Heartland Institute is an American conservative and libertarian public policy think tank founded in 1984 and based in Arlington Heights, Illinois, in the northwest suburbs of Chicago.", "The Heartland Institute __knowledge__ The Institute conducts work on issues including education reform, government spending, taxation, healthcare, education, tobacco policy, global warming, hydraulic fracturing, information technology, and free-market environmentalism.", "The Heartland Institute __knowledge__ In the 1990s, the Heartland Institute worked with the tobacco company Philip Morris to question or deny the health risks of secondhand smoke and to lobby against smoking bans.", "The Heartland Institute __knowledge__ In the decade after 2000, the Heartland Institute became a leading supporter of climate change denial.", "General Electric Research Laboratory __knowledge__ General Electric Research Laboratory, the first industrial research facility in the United States, was established in 1900.", "General Electric Research Laboratory __knowledge__ It is located in Schenectady, New York.", "General Electric Research Laboratory __knowledge__ Schenectady is nicknamed \"The City that Lights and Hauls the World.\"", "General Electric Research Laboratory __knowledge__ This lab was home to the early technological breakthroughs of General Electric and created a research and development environment that set the standard for industrial innovation for years to come.", "General Electric Research Laboratory __knowledge__ It developed into GE Global Research that now covers an array of technological research, ranging from healthcare to transportation systems, at multiple locations throughout the world.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The political positions of Ron Paul (L-TX), United States presidential candidate in 1988, 2008, and 2012, are generally described as libertarian, but have also been labeled conservative and constitutionalist.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ and Paul's nickname \"Dr. No\" reflects both his medical degree and his assertion that he will \"never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution\".", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ This position has frequently resulted in Paul casting the sole \"no\" vote against proposed legislation.", "Political positions of Ron Paul __knowledge__ The central tenet of Paul's political philosophy is that \"the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else.\"", "Prostate Cancer Foundation __knowledge__ The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF), headquartered in Santa Monica, CA, funds research into the prevention and cure of prostate cancer.", "Prostate Cancer Foundation __knowledge__ One in 8 U.S. men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime.", "Prostate Cancer Foundation __knowledge__ African-American men are 70% more likely to get prostate cancer, and 2.4 times more likely for their prostate cancer to be fatal.", "Prostate Cancer Foundation __knowledge__ Active duty military personnel are twice as likely to develop prostate cancer as their civilian counterparts.", "Prostate Cancer Foundation __knowledge__ Several important prostate cancer discoveries made in the past two decades have been as a result of PCF’s actions, whether in funding or in coordination." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "General Electric __knowledge__ General Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ As of 2016, the company operates through the following segments: Aviation, Current, Digital, Energy Connections, Global Research, Healthcare, Lighting, Oil and Gas, Power, Renewable Energy, Transportation, and Capital which cater to the needs of Financial services, Medical devices, Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Software Development and Engineering industries.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue.", "General Electric __knowledge__ In 2011, GE ranked as the 14th most profitable.", "General Electric __knowledge__ , the company was listed the fourth-largest in the world among the Forbes Global 2000, further metrics being taken into account.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize has twice been awarded to employees of General Electric: Irving Langmuir in 1932 and Ivar Giaever in 1973.", "General Electric __knowledge__ On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut (where it had been since 1974) to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "General Electric __knowledge__ The first group of workers arrived in the summer of 2016, and the full move will be completed by 2018.", "Television news in the United States __knowledge__ Television news in the United States has evolved over many years.", "Television news in the United States __knowledge__ It has gone from a simple 10- to 15-minute format in the evenings, to a variety of programs and channels.", "Television news in the United States __knowledge__ Today, viewers can watch local, regional and national news programming, in many different ways, any time of the day.", "Television news in the United States __knowledge__ Lowell Thomas hosted the first-ever, regularly scheduled news broadcast on television in 1940 which was simply a simulcast of his nightly NBC network radio newscast, with the television broadcast seen only in New York City over pioneer NBC television station WNBT (now WNBC).", "Television news in the United States __knowledge__ The television simulcast lasted for only a few months.", "News broadcasting __knowledge__ News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting of various news events and other information via television, radio or internet in the field of broadcast journalism.", "News broadcasting __knowledge__ The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network.", "News broadcasting __knowledge__ It may also include additional material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, commentary and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience.", "News broadcasting __knowledge__ Main News program Television news refers to disseminating current events via the medium of television.", "News broadcasting __knowledge__ A \"news bulletin\" or a \"newscast\" are television programs lasting from seconds to hours that provide updates on the universe, world, national, regional or local news events.", "United States cable news __knowledge__ Cable news channels are television channels devoted to television news broadcasts, with the name deriving from the proliferation of such networks during the 1980s with the advent of cable television.", "United States cable news __knowledge__ In the United States, early networks included CNN in 1980, Financial News Network (FNN) in 1981 and CNN2 (now HLN) in 1982.", "United States cable news __knowledge__ CNBC was created in 1989, taking control of FNN in 1991.", "United States cable news __knowledge__ Through the 1990s and beyond, the cable news industry continued to grow, with the establishment of several other networks, including, Fox News Channel (FNC), MSNBC, and specialty channels such as Bloomberg Television, Fox Business Network, and ESPN News.", "Spectrum News __knowledge__ Spectrum News (formerly Time Warner Cable News) is the brand for a slate of American cable news television channels that are owned by Charter Communications through its acquisition of Time Warner Cable in May 2016.", "Spectrum News __knowledge__ Each of the six regional channels primarily focus on local news, weather and sports coverage in their given areas (most are located in upstate New York), in addition to national and international news stories.", "Spectrum News __knowledge__ With the exception of NY1, none of the six channels are available on other pay television providers in their respective markets, including Verizon FiOS, AT&T U-verse, DirecTV or Dish Network.", "Fox News __knowledge__ Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.", "Fox News __knowledge__ The channel broadcasts primarily from studios at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York City, New York.", "Fox News __knowledge__ The channel was created by Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch, who hired former Republican Party media consultant and CNBC executive Roger Ailes as its founding CEO.", "Fox News __knowledge__ It launched on October 7, 1996, to 17 million cable subscribers.", "Fox News __knowledge__ Fox News grew during the late 1990s and 2000s to become a dominant cable news network in the United States.", "NY1 __knowledge__ NY1 (also officially known as Spectrum News NY1 and spoken as New York One) is an American cable news television channel founded by Time Warner Cable, which itself is owned by Charter Communications through its acquisition in May 2016.", "NY1 __knowledge__ The channel provides 24-hour news coverage, with a focus on the five boroughs of New York City; its programming primarily features news, traffic and weather, however NY1 also features specialty programs such as \"Inside City Hall\" (which is renamed \"Road to City Hall\" during New York City mayoral elections).", "NY1 __knowledge__ NY1 is available on Spectrum's New York City system on channel 1 in standard definition and channel 701 in high definition.", "WHDH (TV) __knowledge__ WHDH, channel 7, is an independent television station located in Boston, Massachusetts.", "WHDH (TV) __knowledge__ WHDH is owned by Sunbeam Television, and operates as part of a duopoly with CW affiliate WLVI (channel 56).", "WHDH (TV) __knowledge__ The two stations share studio facilities located at Bulfinch Place, near Government Center in downtown Boston; WHDH's transmitter is located in Newton, Massachusetts.", "WHDH (TV) __knowledge__ From 1982 to 1995, WHDH was Boston's CBS affiliate, inheriting the affiliation from its predecessor on channel 7, WNAC-TV.", "WHDH (TV) __knowledge__ On January 2, 1995, WHDH switched to NBC, after CBS moved to WBZ-TV by virtue of a group-wide affiliation deal with its owner, Westinghouse Broadcasting.", "Nobel Prize controversies __knowledge__ After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes.", "Nobel Prize controversies __knowledge__ Nobel's will specified that annual prizes are to be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.", "Nobel Prize controversies __knowledge__ Similarly, the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.", "Nobel Prize controversies __knowledge__ Since the first award in 1901, the prizes have occasionally engendered criticism and controversy.", "Nobel Prize controversies __knowledge__ Nobel sought to reward \"those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind\".", "Nobel Prize in Literature __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize in Literature () has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced \"in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction\" (original Swedish: \"den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning\").", "Nobel Prize in Literature __knowledge__ Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here \"work\" refers to an author's work as a whole.", "Nobel Prize in Literature __knowledge__ The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.", "Nobel Prize in Literature __knowledge__ The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October.", "Nobel Prize __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize (, ; Swedish definite form, singular: \"Nobelpriset\"; ) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.", "Nobel Prize __knowledge__ The will of the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895.", "Nobel Prize __knowledge__ The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901.", "Nobel Prize __knowledge__ Medals made before 1980 were struck in 23 carat gold, and later in 18 carat green gold plated with a 24 carat gold coating.", "Nobel Prize __knowledge__ Between 1901 and 2016, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 579 times to 911 people and organisations.", "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.", "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine __knowledge__ It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will.", "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine __knowledge__ Nobel was personally interested in experimental physiology and wanted to establish a prize for progress through scientific discoveries in laboratories.", "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine __knowledge__ The Nobel Prize is presented to the recipient(s) at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death, along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award.", "Art, Truth and Politics __knowledge__ \"Art, Truth and Politics\" (also referred to and published as \"Art, Truth & Politics\" and \"Art, Truth and Politics\") is the Nobel Lecture delivered on video by the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature Harold Pinter (1930–2008), who was at the time hospitalised and unable to travel to Stockholm to deliver it in person.", "Art, Truth and Politics __knowledge__ The 46-minute videotaped lecture was projected on three large screens in front of the audience at the Swedish Academy, in Stockholm, on the evening of 7 December 2005.", "Art, Truth and Politics __knowledge__ It was simultaneously transmitted on Channel 4's digital television channel More 4, in the United Kingdom, where it was introduced by Pinter's friend fellow playwright David Hare.", "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with University College London __knowledge__ University College London (UCL) is one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.", "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with University College London __knowledge__ There have been at least 30 Nobel Prize laureates amongst UCL’s alumni and current and former staff.", "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with University College London __knowledge__ UCL has the most Nobel affiliations among colleges and schools of the University of London, which has produced as many as 72 Nobelists till 2010.", "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with University College London __knowledge__ 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics: Peter Higgs 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics: Charles K. Kao 1928 Nobel Prize in Physics: Owen Willans Richardson 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics: William Henry Bragg 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: George Porter 1959 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Jaroslav Heyrovský 1955 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Vincent du Vigneaud 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Robert Robinson 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Otto Hahn 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Frederick Soddy 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: William Ramsay 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: John O'Keefe 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: James Rothman 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Martin Evans 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Paul Nurse 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Bert Sakmann 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: James W. Black 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Ulf von Euler 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Bernard Katz 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Andrew Huxley 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Francis Crick 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Peter Medawar 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Corneille Heymans 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Otto Loewi 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Henry Hallett Dale 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Frederick Gowland Hopkins 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Archibald Hill 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature: Rabindranath Tagore 2000 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences: James Heckman 1989 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences: Trygve Haavelmo The Fields Medal is often described as the \"\"Nobel Prize in Mathematics\"\".", "Women in science __knowledge__ britan Women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times.", "Women in science __knowledge__ Historians with an interest in gender and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The historical, critical and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right.", "Women in science __knowledge__ The involvement of women in the field of medicine occurred in several early civilizations, and the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women." ] ]	[ 3, 2, 6, 1 ]	[ "On the Fortune 500 they were ranked 13th largest firm in the United States.", "Many things such as aviation, global research, healthcare, and many many other things!", "They are quite accomplished! Two of their employees have won the Nobel Prize.", "I'm not sure but their headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts." ]	[ "General Electric", "General Electric", "General Electric", "General Electric" ]
[ "Columbia Pictures", "Yes, I have heard of it but do not know much about it. What movies have they produced?", "I have not heard of either Rosalind Russell or Glenn Ford I don't believe, what movies/roles have they played?", "Ok - anyone else that worked with Columbia PIctures that I might know?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ What would eventually become Columbia Pictures, CBC Film Sales Corporation, was founded on June 19, 1918 by Harry Cohn, his brother Jack Cohn, and Joe Brandt.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Columbia\", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ What would eventually become Columbia Pictures, CBC Film Sales Corporation, was founded on June 19, 1918 by Harry Cohn, his brother Jack Cohn, and Joe Brandt.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Columbia\", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial of Conrad Murray (People of the State of California v. Conrad Robert Murray) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray, who was charged with involuntary manslaughter for the pop singer's death on June 25, 2009, from a massive overdose of the general anesthetic propofol.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The trial, which started on September 27, 2011, was held in the Los Angeles County Superior Court in Los Angeles, California, before Judge Michael Pastor and it was televised.", "California v. Murray __knowledge__ The prosecutors in the case (David Walgren and Deborah Brazil, both Los Angeles deputy district attorneys), in their opening statement, told jurors: \"misplaced trust in the hands of Murray cost Jackson his life\".", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind __knowledge__ Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut.", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind __knowledge__ It tells the story of Roy Neary, an everyday blue-collar worker in Indiana, whose life changes after an encounter with an unidentified flying object (UFO).", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind __knowledge__ \"Close Encounters\" was a long-cherished project for Spielberg.", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind __knowledge__ In late 1973, he developed a deal with Columbia Pictures for a science fiction film.", "Close Encounters of the Third Kind __knowledge__ Though Spielberg received sole credit for the script, he was assisted by Paul Schrader, John Hill, David Giler, Hal Barwood, Matthew Robbins, and Jerry Belson, all of whom contributed to the screenplay in varying degrees.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ Harold Hecht (June 1, 1907 – May 26, 1985), born in New York City, was an Academy Award-winning Hollywood film producer (Best Picture \"Marty\" 1956), dance director and talent agent.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was also, though less noted for, a literary agent, a theatrical producer, a theatre director and a Broadway actor.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was a member of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and the Screen Producers Guild.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ During his first stay in Hollywood in the early to mid-1930s, Hecht was one of the leading dance directors in the movie industry, working with the Marx Brothers, Mae West, Bing Crosby, Cary Grant, W.C. Fields, Gary Cooper, Maurice Chevalier and Marion Davies.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ Screen Gems is an American film production and distribution studio that is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ It has served several different purposes for its parent companies over the decades since its incorporation.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The label currently specializes in genre films, namely horror.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The name was originally used in 1933, when Columbia Pictures acquired a stake in Charles Mintz's animation studio.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The name was derived from an early Columbia Pictures slogan, \"Gems of the Screen\"; itself a takeoff on the song \"Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean\".", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ For an entire decade, Charles Mintz distributed his \"Krazy Kat\", \"Scrappy\", and \"Color Rhapsody\" animated film shorts through Columbia Pictures.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922 until 1970, best known for their 190 short subject films by Columbia Pictures that have been regularly airing on television since 1958.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ In films, the stooges were commonly known by their actual first names.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ There were a total of six stooges over the act's run (with only three active at any given time), but Moe Howard and Larry Fine were the mainstays throughout the ensemble's nearly fifty-year run.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ The act began as part of an early 1920s vaudeville comedy act, billed as \"Ted Healy and His Stooges\", consisting originally of Healy and Moe Howard.", "RKO Pictures __knowledge__ RKO Pictures is an American film production and distribution company.", "RKO Pictures __knowledge__ In its original incarnation, as RKO Radio Pictures Inc., it was one of the Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age.", "RKO Pictures __knowledge__ The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum (KAO) theater chain and Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America (FBO) studio were brought together under the control of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in October 1928.", "RKO Pictures __knowledge__ RCA chief David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the company's sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone.", "RKO Pictures __knowledge__ By the mid-1940s, the studio was under the control of investor Floyd Odlum.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ What would eventually become Columbia Pictures, CBC Film Sales Corporation, was founded on June 19, 1918 by Harry Cohn, his brother Jack Cohn, and Joe Brandt.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Columbia\", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.", "Rosalind Russell __knowledge__ Catherine Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was an American actress, comedian, and singer, known for her role as fast-talking newspaper reporter Hildy Johnson in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy \"His Girl Friday\" (1940), as well as for her portrayals of Mame Dennis in \"Auntie Mame\" (1958) and Rose in \"Gypsy\" (1962).", "Rosalind Russell __knowledge__ A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated.", "Rosalind Russell __knowledge__ Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show \"Wonderful Town\" (a musical based on the film \"My Sister Eileen\", in which she also starred).", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton \"Glenn\" Ford (May 1, 1916 – August 30, 2006) was a Canadian-born actor who held dual Canadian and American citizenship.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ His career lasted more than 50 years.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Although he played many different roles, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ He was most prominent during Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton Ford was born on May 1, 1916 in Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne, Quebec, the son of Hannah Wood (\"née\" Mitchell) and Newton Ford, an engineer with the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Through his father, Ford was a great-nephew of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, and also related to U.S. President Martin Van Buren.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ Yuki Shimoda (August 10, 1921 – May 21, 1981) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Ko Wakatsuki in the NBC movie of the week, \"Farewell to Manzanar\" in 1976.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ He also co-starred in a 1960s television series, \"Johnny Midnight\" (39 episodes), with Edmond O'Brien.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ He was a star of the silver screen, early television and the stage.", "Yuki Shimoda __knowledge__ His Broadway theater stage credits include \"Auntie Mame\" with Rosalind Russell, nominated for eight Tony Awards and winner of three Tonys, and \"Pacific Overtures\", a Stephen Sondheim Broadway musical directed by Harold Prince nominated for ten Tony Awards.", "Brian Aherne __knowledge__ William Brian de Lacy Aherne (2 May 190210 February 1986) was an English actor of both stage and screen, who found success in Hollywood.", "Brian Aherne __knowledge__ He was born in King's Norton, Worcestershire, the second and younger son of the Birmingham architect William de Lacy Aherne, who was of Irish descent, and his wife Louise (née Thomas).", "Brian Aherne __knowledge__ His elder brother Pat Aherne was also an actor.", "Brian Aherne __knowledge__ Educated in Edgbaston, Birmingham, he also carried out some early stage training at Italia Conti Academy in London and had some child roles before completing his education at Malvern College.", "Brian Aherne __knowledge__ He first appeared on the stage in Birmingham with the Pilgrim Players (which subsequently developed into the Birmingham Repertory Theatre), on 5 April 1910, in \"Fifinella\"; and made his first appearance on the London stage at the Garrick Theatre, 26 December 1913, in \"Where the Rainbow Ends\", a fairy play by Clifford Mills and John Ramsey, with music by Roger Quilter, which ran at various theatres for over 25 years.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ Harold Hecht (June 1, 1907 – May 26, 1985), born in New York City, was an Academy Award-winning Hollywood film producer (Best Picture \"Marty\" 1956), dance director and talent agent.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was also, though less noted for, a literary agent, a theatrical producer, a theatre director and a Broadway actor.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was a member of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and the Screen Producers Guild.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ During his first stay in Hollywood in the early to mid-1930s, Hecht was one of the leading dance directors in the movie industry, working with the Marx Brothers, Mae West, Bing Crosby, Cary Grant, W.C. Fields, Gary Cooper, Maurice Chevalier and Marion Davies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ What would eventually become Columbia Pictures, CBC Film Sales Corporation, was founded on June 19, 1918 by Harry Cohn, his brother Jack Cohn, and Joe Brandt.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Its name is derived from \"Columbia\", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s.", "Columbia Pictures __knowledge__ Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ Stanley Donen ( ; born April 13, 1924) is an American film director and choreographer whose most celebrated works are \"Singin' in the Rain\" and \"On the Town\", both of which he co-directed with actor and dancer Gene Kelly.", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ Other noteworthy films include \"Royal Wedding\", \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\", \"Funny Face\", \"Indiscreet\", \"Damn Yankees!", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ \", \"Charade\", and \"Two for the Road\".", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ He began his career in the chorus line on Broadway for director George Abbott, where he befriended Kelly.", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ In 1943 he went to Hollywood and worked as a choreographer before he and Kelly made \"On the Town\" in 1949.", "Stanley Donen __knowledge__ He then worked as a contract director for MGM under producer Arthur Freed producing hit films amid critical acclaim.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional character of MI6 agent James Bond, \"007\", who originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ It is one of the longest continually-running film series in history, having been in on-going production from 1962 to the present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995).", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ In that time Eon Productions has produced 24 films, most of them at Pinewood Studios.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ With a combined gross of over $7 billion to date, the films produced by Eon constitute the fourth-highest-grossing film series.", "James Bond in film __knowledge__ Six actors have portrayed 007 in the Eon series, the latest being Daniel Craig.", "Columbia Pictures Television __knowledge__ Columbia Pictures Television (CPT) was launched in May 6, 1974 by Columbia Pictures as an American television production and distribution studio.", "Columbia Pictures Television __knowledge__ It is the second name of the Columbia Pictures television division Screen Gems (SG).", "Columbia Pictures Television __knowledge__ For 26 years, the company was active from 1974 until New Years Day 2001, when it was folded into Columbia TriStar Television (which is currently known as Sony Pictures Television), a merger between Columbia Pictures Television and TriStar Television.", "Columbia Pictures Television __knowledge__ A separate entity of CPT continues to exist on paper as an intellectual property holder, and under the moniker CPT Holdings (the initials standing for Columbia Pictures Television) to hold the copyright for the TV show \"The Young and the Restless\", as well as old incarnations from the company's television library such as \"What's Happening!!\".", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from 1922 until 1970, best known for their 190 short subject films by Columbia Pictures that have been regularly airing on television since 1958.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ In films, the stooges were commonly known by their actual first names.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ There were a total of six stooges over the act's run (with only three active at any given time), but Moe Howard and Larry Fine were the mainstays throughout the ensemble's nearly fifty-year run.", "The Three Stooges __knowledge__ The act began as part of an early 1920s vaudeville comedy act, billed as \"Ted Healy and His Stooges\", consisting originally of Healy and Moe Howard.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ Screen Gems is an American film production and distribution studio that is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ It has served several different purposes for its parent companies over the decades since its incorporation.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The label currently specializes in genre films, namely horror.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The name was originally used in 1933, when Columbia Pictures acquired a stake in Charles Mintz's animation studio.", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ The name was derived from an early Columbia Pictures slogan, \"Gems of the Screen\"; itself a takeoff on the song \"Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean\".", "Screen Gems __knowledge__ For an entire decade, Charles Mintz distributed his \"Krazy Kat\", \"Scrappy\", and \"Color Rhapsody\" animated film shorts through Columbia Pictures.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton \"Glenn\" Ford (May 1, 1916 – August 30, 2006) was a Canadian-born actor who held dual Canadian and American citizenship.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ His career lasted more than 50 years.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Although he played many different roles, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ He was most prominent during Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Gwyllyn Samuel Newton Ford was born on May 1, 1916 in Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne, Quebec, the son of Hannah Wood (\"née\" Mitchell) and Newton Ford, an engineer with the Canadian Pacific Railway.", "Glenn Ford __knowledge__ Through his father, Ford was a great-nephew of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald, and also related to U.S. President Martin Van Buren.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ Harold Hecht (June 1, 1907 – May 26, 1985), born in New York City, was an Academy Award-winning Hollywood film producer (Best Picture \"Marty\" 1956), dance director and talent agent.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was also, though less noted for, a literary agent, a theatrical producer, a theatre director and a Broadway actor.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was a member of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and the Screen Producers Guild.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ During his first stay in Hollywood in the early to mid-1930s, Hecht was one of the leading dance directors in the movie industry, working with the Marx Brothers, Mae West, Bing Crosby, Cary Grant, W.C. Fields, Gary Cooper, Maurice Chevalier and Marion Davies.", "Harrison Ford __knowledge__ Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American actor and film producer.", "Harrison Ford __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame for his starring roles as Han Solo in the \"Star Wars\" film series and as the title character of the \"Indiana Jones\" film series.", "Harrison Ford __knowledge__ Ford is also known for his roles as Rick Deckard in the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982) and its sequel \"Blade Runner 2049\" (2017); John Book in the thriller \"Witness\" (1985), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor; and Jack Ryan in the action films \"Patriot Games\" (1992) and \"Clear and Present Danger\" (1994).", "Harrison Ford __knowledge__ His career spans six decades and includes roles in several Hollywood blockbusters; including the epic war film \"Apocalypse Now\" (1979); the legal drama \"Presumed Innocent\" (1990); the action film \"The Fugitive\" (1993); the political action thriller \"Air Force One\" (1997); and the psychological thriller \"What Lies Beneath\" (2000).", "CBS Thursday Night Movie __knowledge__ CBS Thursday Night Movie was the Columbia Broadcasting System's first venture into the weekly televising of then-recent theatrical films, debuting at the start of the 1965–1966 season, from 9:00 to 11 p.m. (Eastern Time).", "CBS Thursday Night Movie __knowledge__ CBS was the last of the three U.S. major television networks to schedule a regular prime-time array of movies.", "CBS Thursday Night Movie __knowledge__ Unlike its two competitors (NBC and ABC), CBS had delayed running feature films at the behest of the network's hierarchy.", "CBS Thursday Night Movie __knowledge__ Indeed, as far back as 1960, when Paramount Pictures offered a huge backlog of pre-1948 titles for sale to television for $50 million, James T. Aubrey, program director at CBS, negotiated with the studio to buy the package for the network.", "So Ends Our Night __knowledge__ So Ends Our Night is a 1941 drama starring Fredric March, Margaret Sullavan and Glenn Ford, and directed by John Cromwell.", "So Ends Our Night __knowledge__ The screenplay was adapted by Talbot Jennings from the fourth novel \"Flotsam\" by the famous German exile, Erich Maria Remarque, who rose to international fame for his first novel, \"All Quiet On The Western Front\".", "So Ends Our Night __knowledge__ Written and filmed in a 1940 America that was still primarily isolationist even as FDR began to meet with Winston Churchill, \"So Ends Our Night\" was one of the most explicitly anti-Nazi films to be made in the Hollywood studio system before America's entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941." ] ]	[ 1, 9, 15, 9 ]	[ "Ever heard of Columbia Pictures? It is a really famous American film studio.", "I'm not too sure, but I know some stars that became big from this studio, like Rosalind Russell and Glenn Ford.", "I'm not sure of exact movies, but Glenn Ford is best at playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances.", "One other that became a major star is William Holden." ]	[ "Columbia Pictures", "Columbia Pictures", "Columbia Pictures", "Columbia Pictures" ]
[ "Union College", "Awesome, my daughter studys that at the university level", "yes that has been around for a very long time. Are the buildings that old?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Union College __knowledge__ Union College is a private, non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady, New York, United States.", "Union College __knowledge__ Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents.", "Union College __knowledge__ In the 19th century, it became the \"Mother of Fraternities\", as three of the earliest such organizations were established there.", "Union College __knowledge__ After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution, Union College began enrolling women in 1970.", "Union College __knowledge__ Regarded as among the Little Ivies, the college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments, as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors.", "Union College __knowledge__ In common with most liberal arts colleges, Union offers a wide array of courses in arts, sciences, literature, and foreign languages, but, in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges, Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering, bioengineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.", "Union College __knowledge__ Approximately 25% of students major in the social sciences; 10% in psychology; 11% in engineering; 10% in biology; 9% in history; and 10% in the humanities; while some 5% design their own majors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Union College __knowledge__ Union College is a private, non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady, New York, United States.", "Union College __knowledge__ Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents.", "Union College __knowledge__ In the 19th century, it became the \"Mother of Fraternities\", as three of the earliest such organizations were established there.", "Union College __knowledge__ After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution, Union College began enrolling women in 1970.", "Union College __knowledge__ Regarded as among the Little Ivies, the college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments, as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors.", "Union College __knowledge__ In common with most liberal arts colleges, Union offers a wide array of courses in arts, sciences, literature, and foreign languages, but, in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges, Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering, bioengineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.", "Union College __knowledge__ Approximately 25% of students major in the social sciences; 10% in psychology; 11% in engineering; 10% in biology; 9% in history; and 10% in the humanities; while some 5% design their own majors.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Thazhampoo __knowledge__ Thazhampoo (\"The Pandanus flower\") is a Tamil language film starring M. G. Ramachandran in the lead role K. R. Vijaya, Nagesh.", "Thazhampoo __knowledge__ The film was released in the 1965.", "Thazhampoo __knowledge__ Accused falsely of the murder of his boss, a small modest accountant Kandasamy (S.A.Asogan), tries to exonerate himself by escaping from prison.", "Thazhampoo __knowledge__ He leaves behind him, Bakiyum (Manimala), his wife and Durai (MGR), his young brother, who was destined to a bright future, having picked up (taken down), splendidly, diplomas, at the price of miles sacrifices.", "Thazhampoo __knowledge__ Lasted, convinced of the innocence of his older brother, to implement goes from his part(on his side), everything, to find one or several real culprits, the murderers of the fantastically wealthy S.P.Somunadhan (Thirupadisamy).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome, Inc. is an American online media production company based in Lombard, Illinois.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ The company was created in 2008 by Mike Michaud, Mike Ellis, and Bhargav Dronamraju.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ Channel Awesome operated the That Guy with the Glasses website (often abbreviated TGWTG) until late 2014, when it was replaced by the \"Channel Awesome\" website.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ \"That Guy with the Glasses\" previously hosted fellow channels by \"Bar Fiesta\" beginning in November 2009, \"Blistered Thumbs\" beginning in November 2010.", "Channel Awesome __knowledge__ As of May 2015, Channel Awesome currently hosts a YouTube channel of the same name with an emphasis on the Walker Brothers' content, as well as the YouTube channel \"League of Super Critics\" that includes several of the site's other top producers.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ Pacific Union College (PUC) is a private liberal arts college located in Napa Valley, California.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ The campus is located in the upper valley town of Angwin, eight miles north of St. Helena, California and within the Howell Mountain wine appellation.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ It is the only four-year college in Napa County.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ It is among the top ten employers in the county.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ A coeducational residential college, it serves an almost exclusively undergraduate student body, the overwhelming majority of which live on campus.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ PUC is fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and maintains various programmatic accreditations.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Union College is a heritage-listed residential college at University of Queensland, 38 Upland Road, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was designed by James Birrell and built from 1964 to 1974.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 December 2004.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ The Union College building at the University of Queensland campus was built in five major stages between 1964 and 1972 to the design of James Birrell, Staff Architect for the University between 1961 and 1966.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Proposals for a Queensland university were first made in the 1870s, but the idea did not have strong public or government support in a new colony where tertiary education was not a funding priority.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ Union College is a four-year private college located in Barbourville, Kentucky.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ The college, founded in 1879, is affiliated with the United Methodist Church.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ Union College is a small liberal arts college in the Appalachian Mountains.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ At the time of the college's founding, Barbourville was a thriving and progressive town of 450 citizens and three brick buildings.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ Today, the town's population is just over 3,100.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ Union's approximately 825 undergraduate students represent 27 states and 9 countries.", "Union College (Kentucky) __knowledge__ The student body is predominantly caucasian (82.3 percent) with African Americans making up the second largest ethnic grouping (12.24 percent).", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC (89.7 MHz) is an independent educational college radio station, owned and operated by Union College in Schenectady, New York.", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station transmits with an effective radiated power of 100 watts, providing coverage over an approximate 15-mile (25 kilometer) radius.", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC also streams its programming on Internet radio at wruc.union.edu.", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station's offices and studios are located in the Reamer Campus Center on the Union College campus.", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC's slogan is \"The First Station In The Nation\".", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station traces its history back to October 14, 1920, the date an amateur station located at Union College first began making regular broadcasts.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ Heather Joy Knight is an American educator and former President of Pacific Union College.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ She is the first woman to serve in that role and the only African-American woman to lead a college affiliated with the Adventist Church in the North America.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ Born in Jamaica, her family moved to the United States when she was nine.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ After completing her undergraduate degree at Oakwood College, she did her graduate work at Loma Linda University.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ She received her doctorate at Stanford University and pursued postdoctoral research at Harvard University.", "Heather Knight (educator) __knowledge__ She began her career on the faculty of the University of the Pacific, becoming an award winning associate provost until she was asked to take over as provost at Andrews University.", "Helderberg College __knowledge__ Helderberg College is a private higher education institution situated in Somerset West, South Africa, about thirty minutes from Cape Town.", "Helderberg College __knowledge__ It was established in 1893 - the first Seventh-day Adventist College established outside of North America under the name \"Union College\".", "Helderberg College __knowledge__ It moved to its present location in 1928, making it the oldest Adventist college on the continent of Africa.", "Helderberg College __knowledge__ It is owned and operated by the Southern Africa Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists , with headquarters in Bloemfontein, South Africa.", "Helderberg College __knowledge__ It is fully accredited by the Council on Higher Education and Department of Higher Education and Training (DoHET)(South Africa)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Union College __knowledge__ Union College is a private, non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady, New York, United States.", "Union College __knowledge__ Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents.", "Union College __knowledge__ In the 19th century, it became the \"Mother of Fraternities\", as three of the earliest such organizations were established there.", "Union College __knowledge__ After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution, Union College began enrolling women in 1970.", "Union College __knowledge__ Regarded as among the Little Ivies, the college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments, as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors.", "Union College __knowledge__ In common with most liberal arts colleges, Union offers a wide array of courses in arts, sciences, literature, and foreign languages, but, in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges, Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering, bioengineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.", "Union College __knowledge__ Approximately 25% of students major in the social sciences; 10% in psychology; 11% in engineering; 10% in biology; 9% in history; and 10% in the humanities; while some 5% design their own majors.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The 1995 Quebec referendum was the second referendum to ask voters in the Canadian French-speaking province of Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country, with the condition precedent of offering a political and economic agreement to Canada.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ The culmination of multiple years of debate and planning after the failure of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords, the referendum was launched solely by the provincial Parti Québécois government of Jacques Parizeau.", "Quebec referendum, 1995 __knowledge__ Despite initial predictions of a heavy sovereignist defeat, an eventful and complex campaign followed, with the \"Yes\" side flourishing after being taken over by charismatic Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ Pacific Union College (PUC) is a private liberal arts college located in Napa Valley, California.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ The campus is located in the upper valley town of Angwin, eight miles north of St. Helena, California and within the Howell Mountain wine appellation.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ It is the only four-year college in Napa County.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ It is among the top ten employers in the county.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ A coeducational residential college, it serves an almost exclusively undergraduate student body, the overwhelming majority of which live on campus.", "Pacific Union College __knowledge__ PUC is fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and maintains various programmatic accreditations.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Union College is a heritage-listed residential college at University of Queensland, 38 Upland Road, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was designed by James Birrell and built from 1964 to 1974.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 December 2004.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ The Union College building at the University of Queensland campus was built in five major stages between 1964 and 1972 to the design of James Birrell, Staff Architect for the University between 1961 and 1966.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Proposals for a Queensland university were first made in the 1870s, but the idea did not have strong public or government support in a new colony where tertiary education was not a funding priority.", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC (89.7 MHz) is an independent educational college radio station, owned and operated by Union College in Schenectady, New York.", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station transmits with an effective radiated power of 100 watts, providing coverage over an approximate 15-mile (25 kilometer) radius.", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC also streams its programming on Internet radio at wruc.union.edu.", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station's offices and studios are located in the Reamer Campus Center on the Union College campus.", "WRUC __knowledge__ WRUC's slogan is \"The First Station In The Nation\".", "WRUC __knowledge__ The station traces its history back to October 14, 1920, the date an amateur station located at Union College first began making regular broadcasts.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago (; literally \"Our Story\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the first of a two-part series.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The film commemorates Singapore's 50th birthday and stars Aileen Tan, Mark Lee and Wang Lei as the main casts.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The story spans from 1965 to the early 1970s.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Heavily pregnant Zhao Di, the unwanted second wife of an older man, was chased out by her husband's family and forced to return to her own family.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ She eventually gave birth to twins, Shun Fatt and Su-Fang.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ As Su-Fang had two moles on her face, which was said to be bad luck, Zhao Di decided to give her up due to the pressure of wanting to build a better life for the rest of her family." ] ]	[ 0, 2, 5 ]	[ "Hello, I'm studying psychology at Union college.", "Nice. Union college originated in 1795, such a long time ago.", "Its been updated tons of curriculum 21 different academic departments." ]	[ "Union College", "Union College", "Union College" ]
[ "Divorce", "That's unfortunate! How is everything split up? I've never been through that process, I'm single.", "I see. Did they have kids? Did they have to deal with child custody?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "William Lendrim __knowledge__ William James Lendrim VC (1 January 1830 – 28 November 1891) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.", "William Lendrim __knowledge__ He was 25 years old, and a corporal in the Royal Sappers and Miners, British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.", "William Lendrim __knowledge__ On 14 February 1855 during the Siege of Sevastopol, Crimea, Corporal Lendrim superintended 150 French Chasseurs in building No.", "William Lendrim __knowledge__ 9 Battery left attack and replacing the whole of the capsized gabions under a heavy fire.", "Christian politics in New Zealand __knowledge__ This article discusses Christian politics in New Zealand.", "Christian politics in New Zealand __knowledge__ Although Anglicanism is required to be the religion of the Monarch of New Zealand, the country itself, unlike the United Kingdom, has no established church, and freedom of religion has been protected since the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.", "Christian politics in New Zealand __knowledge__ Just under half of New Zealand's population belong, at least nominally, to Christian denominations but there are a range of views on the extent to which Christianity affects New Zealand politics.", "Christian politics in New Zealand __knowledge__ During the nineteenth century, many church-oriented bodies sponsored and fostered several of the original European settlement-ventures in the period 1840–1850, notably the settlements of Otago (1848, Free Church of Scotland) and Canterbury (1850, Church of England) – and many evangelicals, fundamentalists and conservative Catholics see Christianity as underlying New Zealand's entire political system.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ This is a list of books by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ Works published under the name Daniel Handler are not included.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ Snicket has published 26 fiction novels, thirteen in the main \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" franchise.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, and have sold more than 65 million copies.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" is a series of children's novels which follows the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their parents' death in an arsonous house fire.", "Lemony Snicket bibliography __knowledge__ The children are placed in the custody of their distant cousin Count Olaf, who begins to abuse them and openly plots to embezzle their inheritance.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This is an index of characters and mecha in the anime and manga \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar\" and \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar FINAL\".", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ A brave man with tremendous courage and enthusiasm, and the strength to never give up for the sake of life—even at the possible cost of his own.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ Former astronaut and test pilot for the Space Development Corporation.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ In 2003, he had been in orbit testing an experimental space shuttle when an extraterrestrial object (later classified as EI-01) suddenly appeared in his flight path, smashing his shuttle out of the way.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This left the shuttle disabled and Guy himself in a near-death state.", "A Series of Unfortunate Events __knowledge__ A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen children's novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler.", "A Series of Unfortunate Events __knowledge__ The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire.", "A Series of Unfortunate Events __knowledge__ After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee.", "A Series of Unfortunate Events __knowledge__ As the plot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to both Olaf and their parents.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Marriage __knowledge__ Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).", "Marriage __knowledge__ The definition of marriage varies around the world not only between cultures and between religions, but also throughout the history of any given culture and religion, evolving to both expand and constrict in who and what is encompassed, but typically it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ This article is a general overview of divorce laws around the world.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Every nation in the world allows its residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (though Muslims in the Philippines have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ In Muslim societies, legislation concerning divorce varies from country to country.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ Different Muslim scholars can have slightly differing interpretations of divorce in Islam, (e.g.", "Divorce law by country __knowledge__ concerning triple talaq).", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Like marriage, divorce in the United States is under the jurisdiction of state governments, not the federal government.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ Divorce or \"dissolution of marriage\" is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the status of being single and permitting them to marry other individuals.", "Divorce in the United States __knowledge__ The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt, though these matters are usually only ancillary or consequential to the dissolution of the marriage.", "Marriage in the United States __knowledge__ Marriage in the United States is a legal, social, and religious institution.", "Marriage in the United States __knowledge__ The legal recognition of marriage is regulated by individual states, each of which sets an \"age of majority\" at which individuals are free to enter into marriage solely on their own consent, as well as in what ages underage persons are able to marry with parental and/or judicial consent.", "Marriage in the United States __knowledge__ Marriage laws have changed considerably during United States history, including the removal of bans on interracial marriage and same-sex marriage.", "Marriage in the United States __knowledge__ In 2009, there were 2,077,000 marriages, according to the Census bureau.", "Marriage in the United States __knowledge__ The median age for the first marriage has increased in recent years.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ Lebanon (; ; ; ), officially known as the Lebanese Republic ( ; ; ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ mi.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ ), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.", "Lebanon __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ No-fault divorce is a divorce in which the dissolution of a marriage does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ The first modern no-fault divorce law was enacted in Russia in December 1917 following the October Revolution of the same year.", "No-fault divorce __knowledge__ Regarding marriage as a bourgeois institution, the new government transferred divorce jurisdiction from the Russian Orthodox Church to the state courts, which could grant it on application of either spouse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Divorce __knowledge__ In most countries, monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person; where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry another person.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce should not be confused with annulment, which declares the marriage null and void; with legal separation or \"de jure\" separation (a legal process by which a married couple may formalize a \"de facto\" separation while remaining legally married) or with \"de facto separation\" (a process where the spouses informally stop cohabiting).", "Divorce __knowledge__ Reasons for divorce vary, from sexual incompatibility or lack of independence for one or both spouses to a personality clash.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Child custody and \"legal guardianship\" are legal terms which are used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent or guardian and a child in that person's care, such as the right to make decisions on behalf of a child and the duty to care for and support the child.", "Child custody __knowledge__ Following ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in most countries, terms such as parental responsibility, \"residence\" and \"contact\" (also known as \"visitation\", \"conservatorship\" or \"parenting time\" in the United States) have superseded the concepts of \"custody\" and \"access\" in some member nations.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement has evolved in many countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ This article provides details about the fathers' rights movement in specific countries.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Fathers' rights groups began in Australia in the 1970s with the founding of organizations such as the Lone Fathers Association.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ Other well-known groups include Equality for Fathers, Dads Against Discrimination, Dads in Distress, Fathers Without Rights, The Men's Confraternity and the Shared Parenting Council.", "Fathers' rights movement by country __knowledge__ As with other fathers' rights activists, Australian organizations focus on issues of erosion of the family unit, custody, access, child support, domestic violence (including false allegations, and violence against men), child abuse, maintenance, the reintroduction of fault into divorce proceedings, biased and adversarial court systems and secrecy issues.", "Parental child abduction __knowledge__ Parental child abduction is child abduction by a parent.", "Parental child abduction __knowledge__ It often occurs when the parents separate or begin divorce proceedings.", "Parental child abduction __knowledge__ One parent may remove or retain the child from the other seeking to gain an advantage in expected or pending child-custody proceedings or because that parent fears losing the child in those expected or pending child-custody proceedings; a parent may refuse to return a child at the end of an \"access visit\" or may flee with the child to prevent an access visit or fear of domestic violence and abuse.", "Parental child abduction __knowledge__ Child abduction may also occur when a child has been, is about to be or parent(s) fear that s/he will be, taken into care of the competent authorities, usually due to child endangerment proceedings.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ International child abduction in Japan refers to the illegal international abduction or removal of children from their country of habitual residence by an acquaintance or family member to Japan or their retention in Japan in contravention to the law of another country.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Most cases involve a Japanese mother taking her children to Japan in defiance of visitation or joint custody orders issued by Western courts.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ The issue is a growing problem as the number of international marriages increases.", "International child abduction in Japan __knowledge__ Barring exceptional circumstances, the effects of child abduction are generally detrimental to the welfare of children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The fathers' rights movement is a movement whose members are primarily interested in issues related to family law, including child custody and child support that affect fathers and their children.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Many of its members are fathers who desire to share the parenting of their children equally with their children's mother—either after divorce or as unwed fathers—and the children of the terminated marriage.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ The movement includes men as well as women, often the second wives of divorced fathers or other family members of men who have had some engagement with family law.", "Fathers' rights movement __knowledge__ Most of the members of the fathers' rights movement had little prior interest in the law or politics.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1997.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ The UCCJEA has since been adopted by 49 U.S. States, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ The Act became effective in Vermont on 7/1/2011.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ As of January 22, 2016, the only state that has not adopted the UCCJEA is Massachusetts.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ Puerto Rico has also not adopted the Act.", "Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act __knowledge__ The UCCJEA vests \"exclusive [and] continuing jurisdiction\" for child custody litigation in the courts of the child's \"home state,\" which is defined as the state where the child has lived with a parent for six consecutive months prior to the commencement of the proceeding (or since birth for children younger than six months).", "Indian Child Welfare Act __knowledge__ The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) ((), codified at .)", "Indian Child Welfare Act __knowledge__ is a Federal law that governs jurisdiction over the removal of Native American (Indian) children from their families.", "Indian Child Welfare Act __knowledge__ ICWA gives tribal governments a strong voice concerning child custody proceedings that involve Indian children, by allocating tribes exclusive jurisdiction over the case when the child resides on, or is domiciled on, the reservation, or when the child is a ward of the tribe; and concurrent, but presumptive, jurisdiction over non-reservation Native Americans’ foster care placement proceedings.", "Indian Child Welfare Act __knowledge__ ICWA was enacted in 1978 because of the disproportionately high rate of removal of Indian children from their traditional homes and essentially from Indian culture as a whole.", "Child support __knowledge__ In family law and public policy, child support (or child maintenance) is an ongoing, periodic payment made by a parent for the financial benefit of a child (or parent, caregiver, guardian, or state) following the end of a marriage or other relationship.", "Child support __knowledge__ Child maintenance is paid directly or indirectly by an \"obligor\" to an \"obligee\" for the care and support of children of a relationship that has been terminated, or in some cases never existed.", "Child support __knowledge__ Often the obligor is a non-custodial parent.", "Child support __knowledge__ The obligee is typically a custodial parent, a caregiver, a guardian, or the state.", "Child support __knowledge__ Depending on the jurisdiction, a custodial parent may pay child support to a non-custodial parent.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The men's rights movement in India is composed of various men's rights organisations in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Proponents of the movement support the introduction of gender-neutral legislation and repeal of laws that they consider are biased against men.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ The movement notes several issues with the bias against men in India.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ Men's rights activists claim that anti-dowry laws in India are frequently being misused to harass and extort husbands, and attributed this to the high suicide rate among married men in India, which is almost twice that of women.", "Men's rights movement in India __knowledge__ They claim that the divorce and child custody laws are biased against men.", "Alimony __knowledge__ Alimony (also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spousal maintenance (Australia)) is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The obligation arises from the divorce law or family law of each country.", "Alimony __knowledge__ The term alimony comes from the Latin word \"alimōnia\" (\"nourishment, sustenance\", from \"alere,\" \"to nourish\"), from which also alimentary (of, or relating to food, nutrition, or digestion) and the Scots law concept of aliment, and was a rule of sustenance to assure the wife's lodging, food, clothing, and other necessities after divorce." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 2 ]	[ "My friend is going through a divorce. His marriage will be legally terminated.", "Most countries a divorce is taken care of in court. There is issues of alimony, child support, and child custody sometimes involved.", "They do not have kids but with the divorce they will have to figure out the division of debt and distribution of their property. The court will help with this." ]	[ "Divorce", "Divorce", "Divorce" ]
[ "Disco", "i was a mere lad when the disco hit, i remember it ", "yea, I do remember those dances but never did them" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period.", "Disco __knowledge__ Several dances styles were also developed during this time including the Bump and the Hustle.", "Disco __knowledge__ The disco sound often has several components, a \"four-on-the-floor\" beat, an eighth note (quaver) or 16th note (semi-quaver) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat, and a prominent, syncopated electric bass line.", "Disco __knowledge__ In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, and electric rhythm guitars create a lush background sound." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period.", "Disco __knowledge__ Several dances styles were also developed during this time including the Bump and the Hustle.", "Disco __knowledge__ The disco sound often has several components, a \"four-on-the-floor\" beat, an eighth note (quaver) or 16th note (semi-quaver) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat, and a prominent, syncopated electric bass line.", "Disco __knowledge__ In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, and electric rhythm guitars create a lush background sound.", "Dalida __knowledge__ Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti (; 17 January 1933 – 3 May 1987), better known as Dalida (), was a French singer and actress.", "Dalida __knowledge__ She spent most of her career in France and acquired French citizenship in 1961 upon her marriage, while maintaining her original dual Egyptian-Italian citizenship.", "Dalida __knowledge__ She won the Miss Egypt beauty contest in 1954.", "Dalida __knowledge__ She performed and recorded in ten languages (French, Italian, German, Spanish, English, Egyptian and Levantine Arabic, Japanese, Hebrew, Dutch and Greek).", "Dalida __knowledge__ She was twice honoured with the “\"Oscar mondial du succès du disque\"” (World Oscar of Recording Success), and she is the only singer to have won this award more than once.", "Disco Demolition Night __knowledge__ Disco Demolition Night was an ill-fated baseball promotion in 1979 on July 12 at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois.", "Disco Demolition Night __knowledge__ At the climax of the event, a crate filled with disco records was blown up on the field between games of the twi-night doubleheader between the Chicago White Sox and the Detroit Tigers.", "Disco Demolition Night __knowledge__ Many of those in attendance had come to see the explosion rather than the games and rushed onto the field after the detonation.", "Disco Demolition Night __knowledge__ The playing field was damaged both by the explosion and by the rowdy fans to the point where the White Sox were required to forfeit the second game of the doubleheader to the Tigers.", "Gloria Gaynor __knowledge__ Gloria Gaynor (born September 7, 1949) is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits \"I Will Survive\" (Hot 100 number 1, 1979), \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Hot 100 number 9, 1974), \"Let Me Know (I Have a Right)\" (Hot 100 number 42, 1980) and \"I Am What I Am\" (R&B number 82, 1983).", "Gloria Gaynor __knowledge__ Gloria Fowles was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Daniel Fowles and Queenie May Proctor.", "Gloria Gaynor __knowledge__ Her grandmother lived nearby and was involved in her upbringing.", "Gloria Gaynor __knowledge__ \"There was always music in our house\", Gaynor wrote in her autobiography, \"I Will Survive\".", "Gloria Gaynor __knowledge__ She enjoyed listening to the radio, and to records by Nat King Cole and Sarah Vaughan.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad: A Dog is a 1919 American novel written by Albert Payson Terhune and published by E. P. Dutton.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Composed of twelve short stories first published in magazines, the novel is based on the life of Terhune's real-life rough collie, Lad.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Born in 1902, the real-life Lad was an unregistered collie of unknown lineage originally owned by Terhune's father.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Lad's death in 1918 was mourned by many of the story's fans, particularly children.", "Lad, A Dog __knowledge__ Through the stories of Lad's adventures, Terhune expresses his views on parenting, obtaining perfect obedience without force, and the nature and rights of the \"well-bred\".", "Disco polo __knowledge__ Disco polo is a genre of popular dance music, created in Poland in the late 1980s, initially known as \"sidewalks music\" () or \"backyard music (\"\").\"", "Disco polo __knowledge__ A kind of urban folk music, popular in the mid-late 1990s, with its peak taking place around 1995–1997.", "Disco polo __knowledge__ Gradual decline in the popularity of the genre led to the final fall - as it was believed - at the beginning of the 21st century.", "Disco polo __knowledge__ A resurgence of popularity of disco polo came in late 2007.", "Disco polo __knowledge__ Language Dictionary Polish Publishing PWN defines the genre as a Polish variant of disco music, with simple melodies and often ruby lyrics.", "Disco polo __knowledge__ Classic disco polo songs were characterized by simple diagrams harmonic, simple melodies often drawing from the folk music tradition of steady rhythms coupled with syncopated samples of drums and accompanying delicate synthesizer sounds or keyboard instruments.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ Electronic dance music (also known as EDM, dance music, club music, or simply dance) is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys (DJs) who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, by segueing from one recording to another.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ In Europe, EDM is more commonly called 'dance music' or simply 'dance'.", "Electronic dance music __knowledge__ In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM acquired mainstream popularity in Europe.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub (or club) is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry.", "Nightclub __knowledge__ Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with ripped jeans or other informal clothing or gang apparel as part of a dress code.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Post-disco __knowledge__ Post-disco is a term to describe an aftermath in popular music history circa late 1979–1986, imprecisely beginning with an unprecedented backlash against disco music in the United States, leading to civil unrest and a riot in Chicago known as the Disco Demolition Night on July 12, 1979, and indistinctly ending with the mainstream appearance of house music in the late 1980s.", "Post-disco __knowledge__ Disco during its dying stage displayed an increasingly electronic character that soon served as a stepping stone to new wave, old-school hip hop, euro disco and was succeeded by an underground club music called hi-NRG, which was its direct continuation.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "Bee Gees __knowledge__ The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to-late 1970s and 1980s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period.", "Disco __knowledge__ Several dances styles were also developed during this time including the Bump and the Hustle.", "Disco __knowledge__ The disco sound often has several components, a \"four-on-the-floor\" beat, an eighth note (quaver) or 16th note (semi-quaver) hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat, and a prominent, syncopated electric bass line.", "Disco __knowledge__ In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, and electric rhythm guitars create a lush background sound.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Belshazzar's Feast is a cantata by the English composer William Walton.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ It was first performed at the Leeds Festival on 8 October 1931, with the baritone Dennis Noble, the London Symphony Orchestra and the Leeds Festival Chorus, conducted by Malcolm Sargent.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work has remained one of Walton's most celebrated compositions.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ Osbert Sitwell selected the text from the Bible, primarily the Book of Daniel, and Psalm 137.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ The work is dedicated to Walton's friend and benefactor Lord Berners.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ In the story of Belshazzar's Feast, the Jews are in exile in Babylon.", "Belshazzar's Feast (Walton) __knowledge__ After a feast at which Belshazzar, the Babylonian king, commits sacrilege by using the Jews' sacred vessels to praise the heathen gods, he is miraculously killed, the kingdom falls, and the Jews regain their freedom.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The History of Hip-Hop dance encompasses the people and events since the late 1960s that have contributed to the development of the early hip-hop dance moves, such as uprock, breaking, locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans and Latino Americans created uprock and breaking in New York City.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans in California created locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping—collectively referred to as the \"funk styles\".", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ All of these dance styles are different stylistically.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ They share common ground in their street origins and in their improvisational nature.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ More than 50 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional street-based dance crews formed in the 1970s in the United States.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ \"Gangnam Style\" (, ) is the 18th K-pop single by the South Korean musician Psy.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ The song was released on July 15, 2012, as the lead single of his sixth studio album \"Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1\", and debuted at number one on South Korea's Gaon Chart.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ On December 21, 2012, \"Gangnam Style\" became the first YouTube video to reach one billion and two billion views.", "Gangnam Style __knowledge__ The song's music video has been viewed over 3 billion times on YouTube, and was the most viewed video on YouTube from November 24, 2012, when it surpassed the music video for \"Baby\" by Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris, to July 10, 2017, when it was surpassed by the music video for \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd __knowledge__ Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Limited was a company which repaired and sold steam road vehicles, diesel and electric road vehicles and railway locomotives.", "Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd __knowledge__ It later made its name building and rebuilding diesel locomotives.", "Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd __knowledge__ The Company was founded by Mr. Thomas A. Hill in 1937 with small premises at Whiston, near Rotherham, and was principally concerned with repair and maintenance of steam road vehicles, and in particular Sentinel steam waggons which were popular in the area.", "Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd __knowledge__ The Company also became involved in battery electric vehicles built by Douglas (Kingswood) Limited, and was incorporated in 1942 as Thomas Hill (Steam and Electric Vehicles) Limited, TH(SEV).", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ Shimmy is a fitness television series broadcast in Canada on ONE: The Mind and Body Channel that emphasizes the health benefits of belly dance.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ The twenty six episode series was designed by Kim Pechet, a belly dance instructor and fitness professional.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ An original Canadian production, \"Shimmy\" premiered October 1, 2007 on ACCESS and CLT in Canada as well as in the United States on Discovery Health and OWN.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ \"Shimmy\" has been broadcast throughout Central and South America, Germany, and India as well as in Canada and the United States.", "Shimmy (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode begins with a warm up to increase flexibility and to prepare the body for the teaching section." ] ]	[ 1, 6, 3 ]	[ "I wish I was around for the disco era, disco is a musical style that originated in the early 1970s.", "Oh lucky you, do you remember the dance moves that developed during that time like thr Bump and the Hustle?", "I wish I was around to learn them, I heard the popularity of disco even extended into the early 1980s, does that sound right to you?" ]	[ "Disco", "Disco", "Disco" ]
[ "Armadillo", "Armadillos look so prehistoric. They practically look like a modern day dinosaur.", "That is so cool. Where do Armadillos predominately live?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Armadillos are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata with a leathery armour shell.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along with the anteaters and sloths.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The word \"armadillo\" means \"little armoured one\" in Spanish.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Aztecs called them \"āyōtōchtli\" , Nahuatl for \"turtle-rabbit\": \"āyōtl\" (turtle) and \"tōchtli\" (rabbit).", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Portuguese word for \"armadillo\" is \"tatu\" which derives from the Tupi language.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Similar names are also found in other, especially European, languages.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ About nine extant genera and 21 extant species of armadillo have been described, some of which are distinguished by the number of bands on their armour.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Their average length is about , including tail.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The giant armadillo grows up to and weighs up to , while the pink fairy armadillo is a diminutive species, with an overall length of .", "Armadillo __knowledge__ All species are native to the Americas, where they inhabit a variety of different environments.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Recent genetic research suggests that an extinct group of giant armoured mammals, the glyptodonts, should be included within the lineage of armadillos, having diverged some 35 million years ago, much more recently than previously assumed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Armadillos are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata with a leathery armour shell.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along with the anteaters and sloths.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The word \"armadillo\" means \"little armoured one\" in Spanish.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Aztecs called them \"āyōtōchtli\" , Nahuatl for \"turtle-rabbit\": \"āyōtl\" (turtle) and \"tōchtli\" (rabbit).", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Portuguese word for \"armadillo\" is \"tatu\" which derives from the Tupi language.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Similar names are also found in other, especially European, languages.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ About nine extant genera and 21 extant species of armadillo have been described, some of which are distinguished by the number of bands on their armour.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Their average length is about , including tail.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The giant armadillo grows up to and weighs up to , while the pink fairy armadillo is a diminutive species, with an overall length of .", "Armadillo __knowledge__ All species are native to the Americas, where they inhabit a variety of different environments.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Recent genetic research suggests that an extinct group of giant armoured mammals, the glyptodonts, should be included within the lineage of armadillos, having diverged some 35 million years ago, much more recently than previously assumed.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series \"Primeval\" and also any spin-off media, including \"\" (\"PNW\").", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ The series includes various imaginary species which are not native to the series setting, with some being prehistoric and others being futuristic.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ Various creatures were designed with some artistic license, for dramatic effect.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ A number of creatures from the \"Walking with...\" series were also reimagined for dramatic effect.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ In 2007 Character Options announced they would create \"Primeval\" action figures, including both a flying Rex and a large plush toy Rex, Future Predators, \"Hesperornis\" and dodos.", "Villgraten Mountains __knowledge__ The Villgraten Mountains () or Deferegg Alps (\"Deferegger Alpen\"), also called the Defreggen Mountains (\"Defreggengebirge\", archaically also with \"\"ff\"\") are a subgroup of the Austrian Central Alps within the Eastern Alps of Europe.", "Villgraten Mountains __knowledge__ Together with the Ankogel Group, the Goldberg Group, the Glockner Group, the Schober Group, the Kreuzeck Group, the Granatspitze Group, the Venediger Group and the Rieserferner Group, the Villgraten Mountains are part of the major mountain range, the High Tauern.", "Villgraten Mountains __knowledge__ Their highest summit is the Weiße Spitze with a height of .", "Villgraten Mountains __knowledge__ The Villgraten Mountains lie mainly in Austria, in the state of Tyrol, with a smaller element in Italy in the province of South Tyrol, in the region of Trentino-South Tyrol.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 231 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ Dasypus is the only extant genus in the family Dasypodidae.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ Its species are known as long-nosed or naked-tailed armadillos.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ They are largely found in South, Central, and North America.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ \"Dasypus\" are solitary mammals that are primarily nocturnal to avoid temperature extremes and predation.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ They exist in numerous habitats ranging from brush to grassland areas and are mainly insectivorous.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ The most common and widespread of the \"Dasypus\" species is the nine-banded armadillo (\"Dasypus novemcintus\"), which is commonly used in the study of leprosy due to its unique ability to contract the disease.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ \"Dasypus\" are primitive mammals known for their hard armor like shell, called a carapace.", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ Devil Dinosaur is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ Devil Dinosaur resembles a red \"Tyrannosaurus Rex\".", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ He first appeared in \"Devil Dinosaur\" #1 (April 1978).", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ Devil Dinosaur and his inseparable ape-like friend, Moon-Boy, are natives of \"Dinosaur World\", a version of Earth in a parallel universe where dinosaurs co-exist with tribes of primitive humanoid beings.", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ Devil Dinosaur and Moon-Boy are the creations of artist Jack Kirby who scripted and penciled all nine issues of the first series.", "Devil Dinosaur __knowledge__ Devil Dinosaur was created during Kirby's third stint at Marvel (1975–1978).", "Cultural depictions of dinosaurs __knowledge__ Cultural depictions of dinosaurs have been numerous since the word \"dinosaur\" was coined in 1842.", "Cultural depictions of dinosaurs __knowledge__ The dinosaurs featured in books, films, television programs, artwork, and other media have been used for both education and entertainment.", "Cultural depictions of dinosaurs __knowledge__ The depictions range from the realistic, as in the television documentaries of the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, or the fantastic, as in the monster movies of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Cultural depictions of dinosaurs __knowledge__ The growth in interest in dinosaurs since the Dinosaur Renaissance has been accompanied by depictions made by artists working with ideas at the forefront of dinosaur science, presenting lively dinosaurs and feathered dinosaurs as these concepts were first being considered.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ The species Tyrannosaurus rex (\"rex\" meaning \"king\" in Latin) is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ The pink fairy armadillo (\"Chlamyphorus truncatus\") or pichiciego is the smallest species of armadillo (mammals of the families Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae, recognized by a bony armor shell), first described by R. Harlan in 1825.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ This desert-adapted animal is endemic to central Argentina and can be found inhabiting sandy plains, dunes, and scrubby grasslands.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ Pink fairy armadillos have small eyes, silky yellowish white fur, and a flexible dorsal shell that is solely attached to its body by a thin dorsal membrane.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ In addition, its spatula-shaped tail protrudes from a vertical plate at the blunt rear of its shell.", "Cingulata __knowledge__ Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals.", "Cingulata __knowledge__ Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order.", "Cingulata __knowledge__ Two groups of cingulates much larger than extant armadillos (maximum body mass of 45 kg (100 lb) in the case of the giant armadillo) existed until recently: pampatheriids, which reached weights of up to 200 kg (440 lb) and chlamyphorid glyptodonts, which attained masses of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) or more.", "Cingulata __knowledge__ The cingulate order originated in South America during the Paleocene epoch, and due to the continent's former isolation remained confined to it during most of the Cenozoic.", "Metapolybia cingulata __knowledge__ Metapolybia cingulata (Fabricius, 1804) is a species of social paper wasp known for having queens who exhibit usurpation behaviors and also for having flexible behavior groups.", "Metapolybia cingulata __knowledge__ It is difficult to tell what a specific wasp's role is just upon observation.", "Metapolybia cingulata __knowledge__ Therefore, dissections are usually performed in order to determine the sex, and thus the wasp's role in the colony.", "Metapolybia cingulata __knowledge__ The regulating behavior, or nest building, most closely resembles that of primitive \"Polistes\" models where a queen solicits liquid from a fellow worker and then takes pulp to initiate building a cell without leaving the nest.", "Metapolybia cingulata __knowledge__ In nest building, the amount of water present in the nest as well as the activity of the builders of the nests determines the activity of the colony.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The six-banded armadillo (\"Euphractus sexcinctus\"), also known as the yellow armadillo, is an armadillo found in South America.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The sole extant member of its genus, it was first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The six-banded armadillo is typically between in head-and-body length, and weighs .", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The carapace (hard shell on the back) is pale yellow to reddish brown, marked by scales of equal length, and scantily covered by buff to white bristle-like hairs.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The forefeet have five distinct toes, each with moderately developed claws.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ Six-banded armadillos are efficient diggers and form burrows to live in and search for prey.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The nine-banded armadillo (\"Dasypus novemcinctus\"), or the nine-banded, long-nosed armadillo, is a medium-sized mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ Its ancestors originated in South America, and remained there until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama allowed them to enter North America as part of the Great American Interchange.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The nine-banded armadillo is a solitary, mainly nocturnal animal, found in many kinds of habitats, from mature and secondary rainforests to grassland and dry scrub.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ It is an insectivore, feeding chiefly on ants, termites, and other small invertebrates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Armadillos are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata with a leathery armour shell.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae are the only surviving families in the order, which is part of the superorder Xenarthra, along with the anteaters and sloths.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The word \"armadillo\" means \"little armoured one\" in Spanish.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Aztecs called them \"āyōtōchtli\" , Nahuatl for \"turtle-rabbit\": \"āyōtl\" (turtle) and \"tōchtli\" (rabbit).", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The Portuguese word for \"armadillo\" is \"tatu\" which derives from the Tupi language.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Similar names are also found in other, especially European, languages.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ About nine extant genera and 21 extant species of armadillo have been described, some of which are distinguished by the number of bands on their armour.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Their average length is about , including tail.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ The giant armadillo grows up to and weighs up to , while the pink fairy armadillo is a diminutive species, with an overall length of .", "Armadillo __knowledge__ All species are native to the Americas, where they inhabit a variety of different environments.", "Armadillo __knowledge__ Recent genetic research suggests that an extinct group of giant armoured mammals, the glyptodonts, should be included within the lineage of armadillos, having diverged some 35 million years ago, much more recently than previously assumed.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ John Cairncross (25 July 1913 – 8 October 1995) was a British civil servant who became an intelligence officer and spy during the Second World War.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ As a Soviet double agent, he passed to the Soviet Union the raw Tunny decrypts that influenced the Battle of Kursk.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ He was alleged to be the fifth member of the Cambridge Five.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ Cairncross's father was the manager of an ironmongery and his mother a primary school teacher.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ John Cairncoss was one of a family of eight, many of whom had distinguished careers.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ All three of his brothers became professors.", "John Cairncross __knowledge__ One was the economist Sir Alexander Kirkland Cairncross (a.k.a.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ Dasypus is the only extant genus in the family Dasypodidae.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ Its species are known as long-nosed or naked-tailed armadillos.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ They are largely found in South, Central, and North America.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ \"Dasypus\" are solitary mammals that are primarily nocturnal to avoid temperature extremes and predation.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ They exist in numerous habitats ranging from brush to grassland areas and are mainly insectivorous.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ The most common and widespread of the \"Dasypus\" species is the nine-banded armadillo (\"Dasypus novemcintus\"), which is commonly used in the study of leprosy due to its unique ability to contract the disease.", "Dasypus __knowledge__ \"Dasypus\" are primitive mammals known for their hard armor like shell, called a carapace.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ Dame Frances Anne Cairncross, (born 30 August 1944 in Otley, England) is a British economist, journalist and academic.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ She is a Senior Fellow at the School of Public Policy, UCLA.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ She chairs the Executive Committee of the Institute for Fiscal Studies.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ From 2004 to 2014, she was the Rector of Exeter College, Oxford.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ Cairncross was born on 30 August 1944 to Mary Frances (\"née\" Glynn) and the economist, Sir Alexander Kirkland Cairncross.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ She attended Laurel Bank School in Glasgow and studied for an MA in History at St Anne's College, Oxford, graduating in 1965.", "Frances Cairncross __knowledge__ She went on to study for an MA in Economics at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.", "Alexander Cairncross (economist) __knowledge__ Sir Alexander Kirkland \"Alec\" Cairncross (11 February 1911 – 21 October 1998) was a British economist.", "Alexander Cairncross (economist) __knowledge__ He was the brother of the spy John Cairncross and father of journalist Frances Cairncross and public health engineer and epidemiologist Sandy Cairncross.", "Alexander Cairncross (economist) __knowledge__ Cairncross was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, the seventh of eight children of Alexander Kirkland Cairncross, an ironmonger.", "Alexander Cairncross (economist) __knowledge__ He was educated at Hamilton Academy, then won two scholarships to study economics at Glasgow University.", "Alexander Cairncross (economist) __knowledge__ From there, he attained a further research studentship to study at Trinity College, Cambridge, whence in 1935 he was awarded only the second PhD in economics bestowed by the university.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The six-banded armadillo (\"Euphractus sexcinctus\"), also known as the yellow armadillo, is an armadillo found in South America.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The sole extant member of its genus, it was first described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The six-banded armadillo is typically between in head-and-body length, and weighs .", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The carapace (hard shell on the back) is pale yellow to reddish brown, marked by scales of equal length, and scantily covered by buff to white bristle-like hairs.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The forefeet have five distinct toes, each with moderately developed claws.", "Six-banded armadillo __knowledge__ Six-banded armadillos are efficient diggers and form burrows to live in and search for prey.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ The pink fairy armadillo (\"Chlamyphorus truncatus\") or pichiciego is the smallest species of armadillo (mammals of the families Chlamyphoridae and Dasypodidae, recognized by a bony armor shell), first described by R. Harlan in 1825.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ This desert-adapted animal is endemic to central Argentina and can be found inhabiting sandy plains, dunes, and scrubby grasslands.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ Pink fairy armadillos have small eyes, silky yellowish white fur, and a flexible dorsal shell that is solely attached to its body by a thin dorsal membrane.", "Pink fairy armadillo __knowledge__ In addition, its spatula-shaped tail protrudes from a vertical plate at the blunt rear of its shell.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The nine-banded armadillo (\"Dasypus novemcinctus\"), or the nine-banded, long-nosed armadillo, is a medium-sized mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ Its ancestors originated in South America, and remained there until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama allowed them to enter North America as part of the Great American Interchange.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ The nine-banded armadillo is a solitary, mainly nocturnal animal, found in many kinds of habitats, from mature and secondary rainforests to grassland and dry scrub.", "Nine-banded armadillo __knowledge__ It is an insectivore, feeding chiefly on ants, termites, and other small invertebrates.", "Sloth __knowledge__ Sloths are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rainforests of South America and Central America.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The six species are in two families: two-toed sloths and three-toed sloths.", "Sloth __knowledge__ In spite of this traditional naming, all sloths actually have three toes.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The two-toed sloths have two digits, or fingers, on each forelimb.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The sloth is so named because of its very low metabolism and deliberate movements, \"sloth\" being related to the word \"slow\".", "Sloth __knowledge__ This is an evolutionary adaptation to their low-energy diet of leaves, and to avoid detection by predatory hawks and cats who hunt by sight.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ The giant anteater (\"Myrmecophaga tridactyla\"), also known as the ant bear, is a large insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ It is one of four living species of anteaters and is classified with sloths in the order Pilosa.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ This species is mostly terrestrial, in contrast to other living anteaters and sloths, which are arboreal or semiarboreal.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ The giant anteater is the largest of its family, in length, with weights of for males and for females.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ It is recognizable by its elongated snout, bushy tail, long fore claws, and distinctively colored pelage.", "Giant anteater __knowledge__ The giant anteater can be found in multiple habitats, including grassland and rainforest.", "Anteater __knowledge__ Anteater is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning \"worm tongue\") commonly known for eating ants and termites.", "Anteater __knowledge__ The individual species have other names in English and other languages.", "Anteater __knowledge__ Together with the sloths, they are within the order Pilosa.", "Anteater __knowledge__ The name \"anteater\" is also colloquially applied to the unrelated aardvark, numbat, echidnas, pangolins and some members of the Oecobiidae.", "Anteater __knowledge__ Extant species are the giant anteater \"Myrmecophaga tridactyla\", about long including the tail; the silky anteater \"Cyclopes didactylus\", about long; the southern tamandua or collared anteater \"Tamandua tetradactyla\", about long; and the northern tamandua \"Tamandua mexicana\" of similar dimensions.", "Mammals of the Caribbean __knowledge__ A unique and diverse albeit phylogenetically restricted mammal fauna is known from the Caribbean region.", "Mammals of the Caribbean __knowledge__ The region—specifically, all islands in the Caribbean Sea (except for small islets close to the continental mainland) and the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Barbados, which are not in the Caribbean Sea but biogeographically belong to the same Caribbean bioregion—has been home to several families found nowhere else, but much of this diversity is now extinct.", "Mammals of the Caribbean __knowledge__ The bat faunas of much of the Caribbean show similarities that led to the proposal of a distinct Caribbean faunal region, bounded by \"Koopman's Line\".", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters in the \"Ice Age\" films, mentioned by a name either presented in the films or in any other official material.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ Manfred \"Manny\", is a woolly mammoth, in all five \"Ice Age\" films.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ His personality is shown to be aloof, grumpy, and standoffish, but is otherwise loving and courageous.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ In the first film, while passing through the icy cave, the herd discovers cave paintings of Manny with his wife and child, who were killed by humans; this is a very sentimental moment for Manny, since he failed to protect them.", "List of Ice Age characters __knowledge__ At the end of the film, Manny and Sid return Roshan to the neanderthals with an injured Diego trailing behind them.", "Quaternary extinction event __knowledge__ The Quaternary period saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity, and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe.", "Quaternary extinction event __knowledge__ The most prominent event in the Late Pleistocene is differentiated from previous Quaternary pulse extinctions by the widespread absence of ecological succession to replace these extinct species, and the regime shift of previously established faunal relationships and habitats as a consequence.", "Quaternary extinction event __knowledge__ The earliest casualties were incurred at 130,000 BCE (the start of the Late Pleistocene), however the great majority of extinctions in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas occurred during the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch (13,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE).", "Pilosans of the Caribbean __knowledge__ The mammalian order Pilosa, which includes the sloths and anteaters, includes various species from the Caribbean region.", "Pilosans of the Caribbean __knowledge__ Many species of sloths are known from the Greater Antilles, all of which became extinct over the last millennia, but some sloths and anteaters survive on islands closer to the mainland.", "Pilosans of the Caribbean __knowledge__ For the purposes of this article, the \"Caribbean\" includes all islands in the Caribbean Sea (except for small islets close to the mainland) and the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Barbados, which are not in the Caribbean Sea but biogeographically belong to the same Caribbean bioregion.", "Pilosans of the Caribbean __knowledge__ Extinct sloths are known from the three Greater Antilles of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico and several smaller Antillean islands, but they are missing from the fourth of the Greater Antilles, Jamaica." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 4 ]	[ "I love animals! My favorite is the Armadillo from the order Cingulata with their cool leathery shell.", "Well it's funny you mention that because they are actually the only surviving families in the order of this type of animals. They are are distantly related to anteaters and sloths though.", "They can be found in many areas like Spain and Portugal. The Aztecs used to call the \"āyōtōchtli\", which translated to mean \"turtle rabbit\"!" ]	[ "Armadillo", "Armadillo", "Armadillo" ]
[ "Beach\nI live close to the beach and I love to spend time at the beach, do you?", "Oh thats interesting, Ive only seen sand beaches. Where are these pebble or gravel beaches at? ", "Oh okay I see. Is that healthy for the beaches and the water? It might be nice to go to a beach where you dont get sand up in every part of you Lol", "Yes they do and thank goodness for those, I cant STAND riding home all sandy and grimey feeling. I also HATE porta-potties and most beaches dont use them anymore and instead have an actual bathroom building" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee.", "Everglades __knowledge__ Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river wide and over long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.", "Everglades __knowledge__ The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ \"Home and Away\" is an Australian television soap opera.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in 2015, by order of first appearance.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the soap's executive producer, Lucy Addario.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ The 28th season of \"Home and Away\" began airing from 2 February 2015.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ Katarina Chapman and Ryan Kelly were introduced in the same month.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ Martin Ashford's sister, Billie Ashford arrived in April, while Charlotte King made her first appearance in June.", "List of Home and Away characters (2015) __knowledge__ James Edmunds and Charlotte's teenage son Hunter King made their debuts in July.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ Love & Mercy (stylized as love&mercy) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed by Bill Pohlad that focuses on the Beach Boys' co-founder and leader Brian Wilson and his struggles with mental illness during the 1960s and 1980s.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ The film, deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson, stars Paul Dano and John Cusack as the young and middle-aged Wilson, respectively, with Elizabeth Banks as his second wife Melinda Ledbetter, and Paul Giamatti as his psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5, 2015." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ The piping plover (\"Charadrius melodus\") is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ The adult has yellow-orange legs, a black band across the forehead from eye to eye, and a black stripe running along the breast line.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ This chest band is usually thicker in males during the breeding season, and it is the only reliable way to tell the sexes apart.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ The bird is difficult to see when it is standing still, as it blends well with open, sandy beach habitats.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ It typically runs in short spurts and stops.", "Piping plover __knowledge__ There are two subspecies of piping plovers: the eastern population is known as \"Charadrius melodus melodus\" and the mid-west population is known as \"C. m. circumcinctus\".", "List of beaches in Indonesia __knowledge__ Beaches in Indonesia are extensive, characterized by coral reefs, deposits from volcanoes, rich marine biodiversity, strong ocean currents, and associated with diverse cultural traditions.", "List of beaches in Indonesia __knowledge__ With around 17,500 islands, Indonesia has an intricate coastline of over 80,000 km, the fourth longest in the world.", "List of beaches in Indonesia __knowledge__ Indonesia is located in a region of abundant coral reefs known as the Coral Triangle as well as being the country with the most volcanoes in the world.", "List of beaches in Indonesia __knowledge__ Some beaches are derived from fluvial sands and gravels, others from cliff erosion.", "List of beaches in Indonesia __knowledge__ Coral reefs form white or yellow sanded beaches, while beach sediments derived from volcanic rocks are typically black or grey, such as those of northern Bali and southern Java.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Swash __knowledge__ Swash, or forewash in geography, is a turbulent layer of water that washes up on the beach after an incoming wave has broken.", "Swash __knowledge__ The swash action can move beach materials up and down the beach, which results in the cross-shore sediment exchange.", "Swash __knowledge__ The time-scale of swash motion varies from seconds to minutes depending on the type of beach (see Figure 1 for beach types).", "Swash __knowledge__ Greater swash generally occurs on flatter beaches.", "Swash __knowledge__ The swash motion plays the primary role in the formation of morphological features and their changes in the swash zone.", "Swash __knowledge__ The swash action also plays an important role as one of the instantaneous processes in wider coastal morphodynamics.", "Canterbury Bight __knowledge__ Canterbury Bight is a 135 km stretch of coastline between Dashing Rocks (north Timaru) and the southern side of Banks Peninsula (Birdlings Flat) on the eastern side of the South Island, New Zealand.", "Canterbury Bight __knowledge__ The bight faces southeast, which exposes it to high-energy storm waves originating in the Pacific Ocean (Kirk, 1967).", "Canterbury Bight __knowledge__ The most frequent wave approach direction for the Canterbury Bight is from the southeast and the most dominant the south with wave heights of over 2m common (Kirk, 1967).", "Canterbury Bight __knowledge__ The bight is a large, gently curving bend of shoreline of primarily mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beaches.", "Canterbury Bight __knowledge__ The MSG beaches are steep, highly reflective (of wave energy) and composed of alluvial gravel deposits.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ Lake Manapōuri is located in the South Island of New Zealand.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ The lake is situated within the Fiordland National Park and the wider region of Te Wahipounamu South West New Zealand World Heritage Area.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ According to Māori legend Lake Manapōuri was created by the tears of two sisters, Moturua and Koronae, who were daughters of an old chief in the region.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ Koronae journeyed deep into the forest one day only to become stranded after a fall.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ Her sister Moturua went looking for her and when she found Koronae she realised that Koronae could not be rescued.", "Lake Manapouri __knowledge__ Moturua lay with Koronae and there they lay until they died, their tears creating Lake Manapōuri.", "Pebble __knowledge__ A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of 2 to 64 millimetres based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology.", "Pebble __knowledge__ Pebbles are generally considered larger than granules (2 to 4 millimetres diameter) and smaller than cobbles (64 to 256 millimetres diameter).", "Pebble __knowledge__ A rock made predominantly of pebbles is termed a conglomerate.", "Pebble __knowledge__ Pebble tools are among the earliest known man-made artifacts, dating from the Palaeolithic period of human history.", "Pebble __knowledge__ A beach composed chiefly of surface pebbles is commonly termed a shingle beach.", "Pebble __knowledge__ This type of beach has armoring characteristics with respect to wave erosion, as well as ecological niches that provide habitat for animals and plants.", "Omaha Beach __knowledge__ Omaha, commonly known as Omaha Beach, was the code name for one of the five sectors of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, during World War II.", "Omaha Beach __knowledge__ 'Omaha' refers to a section of the coast of Normandy, France, facing the English Channel long, from east of Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes to west of Vierville-sur-Mer on the right bank of the Douve River estuary and an estimated tall cliffs.", "Omaha Beach __knowledge__ Landings here were necessary to link the British landings to the east at Gold with the American landing to the west at Utah, thus providing a continuous lodgement on the Normandy coast of the Bay of the Seine.", "Cobblestone __knowledge__ Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings.", "Cobblestone __knowledge__ In England, it was commonplace since ancient times for flat stones with a flat narrow edge to be set on edge to provide an even paved surface.", "Cobblestone __knowledge__ This was known as a 'pitched' surface and was common all over Britain, as it did not require rounded pebbles.", "Cobblestone __knowledge__ Pitched surfaces predate the use of regularly-sized granite setts by more than a thousand years.", "Cobblestone __knowledge__ Such pitched paving is quite distinct from that formed from rounded stones, although both forms are commonly referred to as 'cobbled' surfaces.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term \"marine\" comes from the Latin \"mare\", meaning sea or ocean).", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Most marine life is found in coastal habitats, even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of the total ocean area.", "Geology of Alderley Edge __knowledge__ Alderley Edge in Cheshire is one of the classic locations for the study of Triassic sandstones in the United Kingdom.", "Geology of Alderley Edge __knowledge__ Numerous scientists from the early 19th century up to the present day have studied the area and it is a popular field site for universities around the UK.", "Geology of Alderley Edge __knowledge__ As time progresses, new theories are developed and new hypotheses are tested as to the origin of the sandstones.", "Geology of Alderley Edge __knowledge__ The information presented here provides the history and current (as of 2006) thoughts on the geological evolution of the sandstones at Alderley Edge.", "Geology of Alderley Edge __knowledge__ The nomenclature of the English Triassic was rewritten in the 1980s and many of the previous names were changed.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ Ancient Japanese art inspired past garden designers.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ By the Edo period, the Japanese garden had its own distinct appearance.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ The idea of these unique gardens began during the Asuka period.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ Japanese merchants witnessed the gardens that were being built in China, and brought many of the Chinese gardening techniques and styles back to Japan.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ Today, the tradition of Japanese garden art is still popular around the world, with many eastern and western practitioners expressing themselves through the medium.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ Japanese gardens first appeared on the island of Honshu, the large central island of Japan.", "Japanese garden __knowledge__ Their aesthetic was influenced by the distinct characteristics of the Honshu landscape; rugged volcanic peaks, narrow valleys, mountain streams with waterfalls and cascades, lakes, and beaches of small stones." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ The United States Marine Corps's Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, formerly \"Company\", was a specialized team of Marines and Navy Corpsmen that performed clandestine preliminary pre–D-Day amphibious reconnaissance of planned beachheads and their littoral area within uncharted enemy territory for the joint-Navy/Marine force commanders of the Pacific Fleet during World War II.", "United States Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion __knowledge__ Often accompanied by Navy Underwater Demolition Teams and the early division recon companies, these amphib recon platoons performed more reconnaissance missions (over 150) than any other single recon unit during the Pacific campaigns.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of red, but other species can be purple, yellow, blue, white or gray-green.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ Coralline algae play an important role in the ecology of coral reefs.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ Sea urchins, parrot fish, and limpets and chitons (both mollusks) feed on coralline algae.", "Coralline algae __knowledge__ In the temperate Mediterranean sea, coralline algae are the main builders of a typical algal reef, the \"Coralligène\" (\"coralligenous\").", "History of phycology __knowledge__ The history of phycology is the history of the scientific study of algae.", "History of phycology __knowledge__ Human interest in plants as food goes back into the origins of the species and knowledge of algae can be traced back more than two thousand years.", "History of phycology __knowledge__ However, only in the last three hundred years has that knowledge evolved into a rapidly developing science.", "History of phycology __knowledge__ The study of botany goes back into pre-history as plants were the food of people from the beginning of the human race.", "History of phycology __knowledge__ The first attempts at plant cultivation are believed to have been made shortly before 10,000 BC in Western Asia (Morton, 1981) and the first references to algae are to be found in early Chinese literature.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish __knowledge__ The crown-of-thorns starfish, \"Acanthaster planci\", is a large, multiple-armed starfish that usually preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia).", "Crown-of-thorns starfish __knowledge__ The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish __knowledge__ It is one of the largest starfish in the world.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish __knowledge__ \"A. planci\" has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish __knowledge__ It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine water that contain few nutrients.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ The polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral polyps.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water.", "Coral reef __knowledge__ Often called \"rainforests of the sea\", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The majority are filter feeders.", "Bivalvia __knowledge__ The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks ().", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ They are highly diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and in habitat.", "Mollusca __knowledge__ The phylum is typically divided into 9 or 10 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct.", "Shell growth in estuaries __knowledge__ Shell growth in estuaries is an aspect of marine biology that has attracted a number of scientific research studies.", "Shell growth in estuaries __knowledge__ Many groups of marine organisms produce calcified exoskeletons, commonly known as shells, hard calcium carbonate structures which the organisms rely on for various specialized structural and defensive purposes.", "Shell growth in estuaries __knowledge__ The rate at which these shells form is greatly influenced by physical and chemical characteristics of the water in which these organisms live.", "Shell growth in estuaries __knowledge__ Estuaries are dynamic habitats which expose their inhabitants to a wide array of rapidly changing physical conditions, exaggerating the differences in physical and chemical properties of the water." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ TGIF is the name of a defunct American prime time television programming block that aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), initially from 1989 to 2000.", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ The name comes from the initials of the popular phrase \"Thank God It's Friday\"; however, the stars of the lineup touted the abbreviation as meaning \"Thank Goodness It's Funny.\"", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ The block mainly featured situation comedies aimed at a family audience.", "TGIF (ABC) __knowledge__ It marked one of the first attempts by a major network to brand a programming block, with the goal of encouraging young viewers to watch the entire lineup, instead of just a particular show.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Changing room __knowledge__ A changing room, locker room, dressing room (usually in a sports, theater or staff context) or changeroom (regional use) is a room or area designated for changing one's clothes.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Changing rooms are provided in a semi-public situation to enable people to change clothes in privacy, either individually or on a gender basis.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Separate changing rooms may be provided for men and women, or there may be a non-gender specific open space with individual cubicles or stalls.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Sometimes a person may change his or her clothes in a toilet cubicle of a washroom.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Many changing rooms include washrooms and showers.", "Changing room __knowledge__ Sometimes a changing room exists as a small portion of a washroom.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Tuen Mun District () is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Its name was previously 'Tsing Shan' and it changed in the 1970s.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It is the westernmost continental district of Hong Kong, located about 32 km from the Kowloon Peninsula, 7 km southwest of Yuen Long and 18 km west of Tsuen Wan.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It had a population of 488,831 in 2001.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town, which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ According to Old history book of Tang dynasty ( Chinese traditional; ) Tuen Mun was a major trading port, and there were garrison soldiers defenced in the area as early as Tang dynasty ( A.D. 618--AD.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong has a long coastline that is full of twists and turns with many bays and beaches.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Many of them are well sheltered by mountains nearby, as Hong Kong is a mountainous place.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ As a result, large waves seldom appear at the bays, making them suitable for human swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ However, with the increasing development and urbanisation of Hong Kong, water quality has worsened resulting in the closure of several beaches previously suitable for swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ These include Approach Beach, Ting Kau Beach, Anglers' Beach, Gemini Beaches, Hoi Mei Wan Beach, Casam Beach and Lido Beach in Tsuen Wan.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ In 2011, Lido Beach, Casam Beach, Approach Beach and Hoi Mei Wan Beach were reopened following an improvement in water quality.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Jacob Riis Park, also called Jacob A. Riis Park or Jacob Riis State Park, is a seaside park at the southwestern end the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ It lies at the foot of the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, adjacent to the east of Fort Tilden, and west of Neponsit and Rockaway Beach.", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Originally a city-run park under the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is currently part of the Jamaica Bay Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, and is managed by the National Park Service (NPS).", "Jacob Riis Park __knowledge__ Plans emerged for a coastal park located in the Rockaways in the early 20th Century, with the property acquired by the city in 1912.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend." ] ]	[ 2, 3, 4, 6 ]	[ "I do but I learned recently that not all beaches are made of sand. Some are made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "South America host some, but sometimes they can instead have a combination of mollusc shells or coralline algae mixed in.", "Yeah I would prefer that, But most beach have man-made infrastructures now, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "It has been said that today most wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches are pretty rare." ]	[ "Beach", "Beach", "Beach", "Beach" ]
[ "Volunteering\nI'd love to start volunteering, but I'm not sure where to find the resources to get started. Do you do any volunteer work?", "I think so too! What are some places that use volunteers?", "Oh, that sounds like something I'd like and I live in Florida! What kind of work does Literacy Florida do?", "What a great program! I have a food service background. Is there any type of volunteering work that would use that kind of experience?", "That's great information. Is there anything else I should know before I sign up?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain \"to benefit another person, group or organization\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The verb was first recorded in 1755.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It was derived from the noun \"volunteer\", in C.1600, \"one who offers himself for military service,\" from the Middle French \"voluntaire\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The word \"volunteering\" has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase \"community service\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Such volunteers do not work \"for free\" and are given regular pay.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is the practice of volunteering using the Internet, off-site from the organization being assisted.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is also known as online volunteering, remote volunteering or e-volunteering.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ In one study, over 70 per cent of online volunteers chose assignments requiring one to five hours a week and nearly half chose assignments lasting 12 weeks or less.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Some organizations offer online volunteering opportunities which last from ten minutes to an hour.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ A unique feature of online volunteering is that it can be done from a distance.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ People with restricted mobility or other special needs participate in ways that might not be possible in traditional face-to-face volunteering.", "European Volunteer Centre __knowledge__ The European Volunteer Centre (CEV) is a European network of currently over 80 mainly national and regional volunteer centres and volunteer development agencies across Europe and beyond that together work to support and promote voluntary activity.", "European Volunteer Centre __knowledge__ CEV channels the collective priorities and concerns of its member organisations to the institutions of the European Union.", "European Volunteer Centre __knowledge__ It also acts as a central forum for the exchange of policy, practice and information on volunteering.", "European Volunteer Centre __knowledge__ CEV's origins lie in an initiative by 7 volunteer centres, Association pour le Volontariat (Belgium), Centre National du Volontariat (France), the National Centre for Volunteering (UK), Centro Nazionale per il Volontariato (Italy), Landelijk Steunpunt Vrijwilligerswerk (Netherlands) and Plataforma para la Promoción del Voluntariado en España (Spain).", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ Henry Lozano (born August 24, 1948) is a non-profit executive and grassroots organizer.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ His years of public service culminated in his post at the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ On August 10, 2011, he was appointed to serve as the Director of Los Angeles County Teen Challenge and Urban Ministries Initiatives.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ On September 11, 2007, President George W. Bush asked Lozano to step into the job of Deputy Assistant to the President and director of USA Freedom Corps.", "Henry Lozano __knowledge__ In this role, he advanced the \"Call to Service\" initiative launched by President George W. Bush in his 2002 \"State of the Union\" address.", "International Year of Volunteers __knowledge__ International Year of Volunteers was designated for 2001 by the United Nations General Assembly.", "International Year of Volunteers __knowledge__ The initiative aimed at increased recognition, facilitation, networking and promotion of volunteering, to highlight the achievements of the millions of volunteers worldwide who devote some time of their lives to serving others, and to encourage more people globally to engage in volunteering.", "International Year of Volunteers __knowledge__ The concept for a United Nations year to recognize volunteerism first emerged within the UN system at a 1996 policy forum in Japan by UNV and United Nations University (UNU).", "International Year of Volunteers __knowledge__ A February 1997 proposal of the Government of Japan was transmitted through the UN Secretary General be placed on the agenda of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in July 1997.", "International volunteering __knowledge__ International volunteering is when volunteers contribute their time to work for organisations or causes outside their respective home countries.", "International volunteering __knowledge__ In most such cases, volunteers work in developing countries on international development programmes with local volunteer organisations that conduct activities such as health promotion, education and environmental conservation.", "International volunteering __knowledge__ Trends show that international volunteering has become increasingly popular across many countries over the past few decades.", "International volunteering __knowledge__ International volunteering is a broad term which is used to capture multi-year, skilled placements as well as short term roles, recently termed \"voluntourism\", and a range of activities in between conducted by governments, charities and travel agents.", "USA Freedom Corps __knowledge__ USA Freedom Corps was a White House office and fifth policy council (along with Domestic, Economic, National Security, and Homeland Security) within the Executive Office of the President of the United States under George W. Bush, who as President served as its chair.", "USA Freedom Corps __knowledge__ Bush announced its creation during his 2002 State of the Union Address, and the Corps was officially established the next day (30 January), describing itself as a \"Coordinating Council... working to strengthen our culture of service and help find opportunities for every American to start volunteering.\"", "USA Freedom Corps __knowledge__ A USA Freedom Corps Network and online clearinghouse promoted individual volunteer service opportunities within the United States and abroad and connected Americans to opportunities to serve in federal programs, such as AmeriCorps, Peace Corps, and Senior Corps, or to find local service opportunities by zip code and interest." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain \"to benefit another person, group or organization\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The verb was first recorded in 1755.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It was derived from the noun \"volunteer\", in C.1600, \"one who offers himself for military service,\" from the Middle French \"voluntaire\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The word \"volunteering\" has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase \"community service\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Such volunteers do not work \"for free\" and are given regular pay.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ Stage hypnosis is hypnosis performed in front of an audience for the purposes of entertainment, usually in a theatre or club.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ A modern stage hypnosis performance typically delivers a comedic show rather than simply a demonstration to impress an audience with powers of persuasion.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ Apparent effects of amnesia, mood altering and hallucination may be demonstrated in a normal presentation.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ Stage hypnosis performances often encourage audience members to look further into the benefits of hypnotism.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ The causes of behaviour exhibited by volunteers in stage hypnosis shows is an area of dispute.", "Stage hypnosis __knowledge__ Some claim it illustrates altered states of consciousness (i.e., \"hypnotic trance\").", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., which is also known as Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida (VALF) is a nonprofit organization which provides training, technical assistance and grants for volunteer literacy programs.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Starting in 2008, the organization started a small grant program for members.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ In August 2008, Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., was renamed Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ VALF provides grants, training, and technical support for adult and family literacy programs using trained volunteers.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ According to this organization, around 74 million adults in the United States lack minimum literacy skills; one in five adults is still not literate and two-thirds of them are women.", "Gamemaster __knowledge__ A gamemaster (GM; also known as game master, game manager, game moderator or referee) is a person who acts as an organizer, officiant for questions regarding rules, arbitrator, and moderator for a multiplayer role-playing game.", "Gamemaster __knowledge__ They are more common in co-operative games in which players work together than in competitive games in which players oppose each other.", "Gamemaster __knowledge__ The act performed by a gamemaster is sometimes referred to as \"Gamemastering\" or simply \"GM-ing\".", "Gamemaster __knowledge__ The role of a gamemaster in a traditional table-top role-playing game (pencil-and-paper role-playing game) is to weave the other participants' player-character stories together, control the non-player aspects of the game, create environments in which the players can interact, and solve any player disputes.", "WAPS (FM) __knowledge__ WAPS (91.3 FM) – branded 91.3 The Summit – is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Akron, Ohio.", "WAPS (FM) __knowledge__ Owned and operated by the Akron Public Schools, the station airs adult album alternative (AAA).", "WAPS (FM) __knowledge__ In addition to a standard analog transmission, WAPS broadcasts over four HD Radio channels, and is available online.", "WAPS (FM) __knowledge__ WAPS primarily serves the Akron metro area, but also simulcasts over a single full-power repeater: WKTL (90.7 FM), licensed to Struthers and operated by Struthers High School, broadcasts the WAPS signal to the Youngstown metro area.", "WAPS (FM) __knowledge__ WAPS first signed on in September 1955, part of a statewide educational broadcasting initiative which saw the launch of many school system-licensed radio stations across Ohio.", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ Yaoi-Con is an annual three-day anime convention, founded in 2001, aimed at fans of yaoi-related anime, manga, and other aspects of Asian culture.", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ It typically takes place during the Fall in California.", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ Since the 2012 edition, its organizer and main sponsor is Digital Manga Publishing.", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ It is known mostly for its unique events that use volunteers known as \"bishounen\".", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ The bishounen are male volunteers who represent the attractive characters shown in Yaoi manga, and run many of the events.", "Yaoi-Con __knowledge__ As with other anime conventions, Yaoi-Con has panels and workshops (with a yaoi twist), a 24-hour video room, a manga library, swap meet, a Dealers' Room filled with merchandise, a cosplay Masquerade and an anime music video contest.", "Leonidas Squadron __knowledge__ The \"Leonidas\" Squadron, formally known as \"5th Staffel of Kampfgeschwader 200\" was a unit which was originally formed to fly the \"Fieseler Fi 103R (Reichenberg)\", a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb, in attacks in which the pilot was likely to be killed, or at best to parachute down at the attack site.", "Leonidas Squadron __knowledge__ The Reichenberg was never used in combat because Werner Baumbach, the commander of KG 200, and his superiors considered it an unnecessary waste of life and resources, and preferred instead to use the Mistel bomb, piloted from a regular Luftwaffe single-seat fighter used as an integral parasite aircraft, as the only manned part of the composite aircraft \"Mistel\" ordnance system, which released the lower, unmanned flying bomb component aircraft towards its target and returned.", "Bastille Day (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Bastille Day\" is the third episode of the first season of the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series.", "Bastille Day (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Following the discovery of a new source of water, Chief Galen Tyrol and his teams determine that its in the ice of a moon with an incredibly harsh climate.", "Bastille Day (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ They determine that they will need a thousand men ideally to mine the water for usage in the fleet which is experiencing water riots due to the shortages.", "Bastille Day (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ Commander William Adama and Apollo suggest using the prisoners on the \"Astral Queen\" for the needed labor.", "Bastille Day (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The 1,500 men on the ship have been sentenced to hard labor and were on their way to parole hearings when the attacks occurred.", "Inclusive fitness in humans __knowledge__ Inclusive fitness in humans is the application of inclusive fitness theory to human social behaviour, relationships and cooperation.", "Inclusive fitness in humans __knowledge__ Inclusive fitness theory (and the related kin selection theory) are general theories in evolutionary biology that propose a method to understand the evolution of social behaviours in organisms.", "Inclusive fitness in humans __knowledge__ While various ideas related to these theories have been influential in the study of the social behaviour of non-human organisms, their application to human behaviour has been debated.", "Inclusive fitness in humans __knowledge__ Inclusive fitness theory is broadly understood to describe a \"statistical\" criterion by which social traits can \"evolve\" to become widespread in a population of organisms.", "Altruism __knowledge__ Altruism or selflessness is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others.", "Altruism __knowledge__ It is a traditional virtue in many cultures and a core aspect of various religious traditions and secular worldviews, though the concept of \"others\" toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions.", "Altruism __knowledge__ Altruism or selflessness is the opposite of selfishness.", "Altruism __knowledge__ The word was coined by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as \"altruisme\", for an antonym of egoism.", "Altruism __knowledge__ He derived it from the Italian \"altrui\", which in turn was derived from Latin \"alteri\", meaning \"other people\" or \"somebody else\".", "Reciprocal altruism in humans __knowledge__ Reciprocal altruism in humans refers to an individual behavior that gives benefit conditionally upon receiving a returned benefit, which draws on the economic concept – ″gains in trade″.", "Reciprocal altruism in humans __knowledge__ Human reciprocal altruism would include the following behaviors (but is not limited to): helping patients, the wounded, and the others when they are in crisis; sharing food, implement, knowledge.", "Reciprocal altruism in humans __knowledge__ The concept of ″altruism″ was firstly coined by the French philosopher Auguete Comte in the 19th century, which was derived from the French word ″\"altruisme\"″.", "Reciprocal altruism in humans __knowledge__ Comte believed that ″altruism″ is a moral doctrine, which is the opposite of egoism, emphasizing the noble morality of sacrificing themselves and benefiting others.", "Surrogacy laws by country __knowledge__ The legal aspects of surrogacy in any particular jurisdiction tend to hinge on a few central questions: Laws differ widely from one jurisdiction to another.", "Surrogacy laws by country __knowledge__ In Australia, all jurisdictions except the Northern Territory allow altruistic surrogacy; with commercial surrogacy being a criminal offense.", "Surrogacy laws by country __knowledge__ The Northern Territory has no legislation governing surrogacy.", "Surrogacy laws by country __knowledge__ In New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory it is an offence to enter into international commercial surrogacy arrangements with potential penalties extending to imprisonment for up to one year in Australian Capital Territory, up to two years imprisonment in New South Wales and up to three years imprisonment in Queensland.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is the practice of volunteering using the Internet, off-site from the organization being assisted.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is also known as online volunteering, remote volunteering or e-volunteering.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ In one study, over 70 per cent of online volunteers chose assignments requiring one to five hours a week and nearly half chose assignments lasting 12 weeks or less.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Some organizations offer online volunteering opportunities which last from ten minutes to an hour.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ A unique feature of online volunteering is that it can be done from a distance.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ People with restricted mobility or other special needs participate in ways that might not be possible in traditional face-to-face volunteering.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other person's frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.", "Empathy __knowledge__ There are many definitions for empathy that encompass a broad range of emotional states.", "Empathy __knowledge__ Types of empathy include cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and empathy.", "Empathy __knowledge__ The English word \"empathy\" is derived from the Ancient Greek word εμπάθεια (\"empatheia\", meaning \"physical affection or passion\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ This, in turn, comes from εν (\"en\", \"in, at\") and πάθος (\"pathos\", \"passion\" or \"suffering\").", "Empathy __knowledge__ The term was adapted by Hermann Lotze and Robert Vischer to create the German word \"Einfühlung\" (\"feeling into\"), which was translated by Edward B. Titchener into the English term empathy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain \"to benefit another person, group or organization\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The verb was first recorded in 1755.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It was derived from the noun \"volunteer\", in C.1600, \"one who offers himself for military service,\" from the Middle French \"voluntaire\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The word \"volunteering\" has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase \"community service\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Such volunteers do not work \"for free\" and are given regular pay.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., which is also known as Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida (VALF) is a nonprofit organization which provides training, technical assistance and grants for volunteer literacy programs.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Starting in 2008, the organization started a small grant program for members.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ In August 2008, Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., was renamed Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ VALF provides grants, training, and technical support for adult and family literacy programs using trained volunteers.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ According to this organization, around 74 million adults in the United States lack minimum literacy skills; one in five adults is still not literate and two-thirds of them are women.", "Diver Down __knowledge__ Diver Down is the fifth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released in 1982.", "Diver Down __knowledge__ It spent 65 weeks on the album chart in the United States and had, by 1998, sold four million copies in the US.", "Diver Down __knowledge__ The album cover artwork displays the \"diver down\" flag used in many US jurisdictions (which indicates a SCUBA diver is currently submerged in the area).", "Diver Down __knowledge__ Asked about the cover in a 1982 interview with Sylvie Simmons (\"Sounds\", June 23, 1982), David Lee Roth said it was meant to imply that \"there was something going on that's not apparent to your eyes.", "Diver Down __knowledge__ You put up the red flag with the white slash.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "XTC __knowledge__ XTC were an English rock band formed in Swindon in 1972 and active until 2006.", "XTC __knowledge__ Led by songwriters Andy Partridge and Colin Moulding, the band gained popularity during the rise of punk and new wave in the 1970s, later playing in a variety of styles that ranged from angular guitar riffs to elaborately arranged pop.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partly because the group did not fit into contemporary trends, they failed to maintain commercial success in the UK and US.", "XTC __knowledge__ They have since attracted a considerable cult following, and are recognised for their influence on Britpop and later power pop acts.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partridge (guitar, vocals) and Moulding (bass, vocals) met at a record store in the early 1970s and subsequently formed a glitter rock outfit with drummer Terry Chambers.", "Literacy __knowledge__ Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write .", "Literacy __knowledge__ The modern term's meaning has been expanded to include the ability to use language, numbers, images, computers, and other basic means to understand, communicate, gain useful knowledge, solve mathematical problems and use the dominant symbol systems of a culture.", "Literacy __knowledge__ The concept of literacy is expanding in OECD countries to include skills to access knowledge through technology and ability to assess complex contexts.", "Literacy __knowledge__ A person who travels and resides in a foreign country but is unable to read or write in the language of the host country would also be regarded by the locals as being illiterate.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Adam Ant's musical career __knowledge__ After the split with Adam and the Ants, Adam Ant went solo, taking his song writing partner Pirroni with him.", "Adam Ant's musical career __knowledge__ Merrick also briefly stayed aboard as drummer/producer for the UK edition of the first solo single \"Goody Two Shoes\" and demos for the upcoming \"Friend or Foe\" album before moving on to other production work, while Miall and Tibbs' contracts were left to expire.", "Adam Ant's musical career __knowledge__ With the old Ants all gone except Pirroni, and even he unwilling to perform live any more for the time being, Ant recruited a new band for touring, consisting of new dual drummers Bogdan Wiczling (ex-Fingerprintz) and Barry Watts (ex-Q-Tips), plus guitarist Cha Burns (also ex-Fingerprintz), bassist Chris Constantinou and the former Q-Tips brass section of trumpeter Tony Hughes and twin saxophonists Stewart van Blandamer and Steve Farr.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ Ruth Johnson Colvin (born December 16, 1916) is the founder of the non-profit organization Literacy Volunteers of America, now called ProLiteracy Worldwide in Syracuse, New York, in 1962.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush in December 2006.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ She turned 100 in December 2016.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ Colvin was born Ruth Johnson in Chicago, Illinois, on December 16, 1916.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ She was the daughter of Lillian Johnson and Harry Johnson (1891–1929), a Swedish-American, and owner of a construction conglomerate in Chicago.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ She was eldest of five children.", "Ruth Johnson Colvin __knowledge__ She attended Thornton Junior College in Harvey, Illinois, where she received a two-year degree.", "Citizen Corps __knowledge__ Citizen Corps is a program under the Department of Homeland Security that provides training for the population of the United States to assist in the recovery after a disaster or terrorist attack.", "Citizen Corps __knowledge__ Each local Citizen Corps Council partners with organizations, volunteers and businesses to organize responders, volunteers and professional first responders for an efficient response so efforts aren't wasted by being duplicated.", "Citizen Corps __knowledge__ By training in Incident Command, volunteers know who to report to and how the incident is organized.", "Citizen Corps __knowledge__ This prevents sites from being inundated by untrained and unprepared people milling about and getting in the way.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ Established in 1985, the Florida Literacy Coalition (FLC) is a non-profit organization that promotes, supports and advocates for the effective delivery of quality adult and family literacy services in the state of Florida.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ As a statewide umbrella literacy organization and the host of Florida’s Adult and Family Literacy Literacy Resource Center, FLC provides a range of services to support more than 300 adult education, ESL, literacy and family literacy providers throughout Florida.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ Special emphasis is placed on assisting community based literacy organizations with their training and program development need.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (commonly known as LVI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that promotes adult literacy throughout Illinois.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ It serves families, adults, and out-of-school teens.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (LVI) was founded in 1979 to serve as a technical assistance and training agency for volunteer literacy programs affiliated with the national Literacy Volunteers of America (LVA) organization.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ LVI initially served as a “mid-level” support system for local LVA affiliated programs with the goal of monitoring and providing training to programs to ensure that they were in compliance with LVA Standards.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ Headquartered in Boynton Beach, Florida, the mission of the Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County is to improve the quality of life of those residing in and around Palm Beach County, Florida, by promoting and achieving literacy.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ The ultimate goal of the Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County, a nonprofit organization, is to ensure that every child and every adult in Palm Beach County becomes a reader.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ One in seven adults in Palm Beach County is unable to read and understand information found in books, newspapers, magazines, brochures and manuals.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ Through extensive outreach and collaboration with a network of community partners, the Literacy Coalition strives to ensure that individuals who need to improve their literacy skills receive the help they need." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain \"to benefit another person, group or organization\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The verb was first recorded in 1755.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It was derived from the noun \"volunteer\", in C.1600, \"one who offers himself for military service,\" from the Middle French \"voluntaire\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The word \"volunteering\" has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase \"community service\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Such volunteers do not work \"for free\" and are given regular pay.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ Mandawa is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ It is part of Shekhawati region.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ Mandawa is situated 190 km off Jaipur in the north.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ The town lies between latitude 28° 06’ in the north and longitude 75° 20’ in the east.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ Mandawa is known for its fort and havelis.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ The fort town of Mandawa is well connected with the other places in region through a good network of roads.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ The City of Mandawa was made a thikana in the mid of 18th century by the Bhojraj Ji Kasubsub clan of Shekhawat Rajputs.", "Mandawa __knowledge__ About the origin of this town there have been earlier references to Mandu Jat as founder of the Mandawa village.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Pennsylvania Turnpike __knowledge__ --> The Pennsylvania Turnpike is a toll highway operated by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.", "Pennsylvania Turnpike __knowledge__ A controlled-access highway, it runs for across the state.", "Pennsylvania Turnpike __knowledge__ The turnpike begins at the Ohio state line in Lawrence County, where the road continues west into Ohio as the Ohio Turnpike.", "Pennsylvania Turnpike __knowledge__ It ends at the New Jersey border at the Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in Bucks County, where the road continues east as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike.", "Pennsylvania Turnpike __knowledge__ The highway runs east–west through the state, connecting the Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and Philadelphia areas.", "Earlham College __knowledge__ Earlham College is a private, liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana.", "Earlham College __knowledge__ Established in 1847 by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), Earlham welcomes students of all faiths and offers an education rooted in such Quaker values as integrity, a commitment to peace and social justice, mutual respect and community decision-making.", "Earlham College __knowledge__ Earlham is ranked 29th (98th percentile) among 1,533 U.S. institutions of higher learning in the percentage of graduates who go on to receive Ph.D.s, and is 10th (99th percentile) in producing Ph.D.s in the biological sciences and 14th (99th percentile) in the life sciences.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is the practice of volunteering using the Internet, off-site from the organization being assisted.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Virtual volunteering is also known as online volunteering, remote volunteering or e-volunteering.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ In one study, over 70 per cent of online volunteers chose assignments requiring one to five hours a week and nearly half chose assignments lasting 12 weeks or less.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ Some organizations offer online volunteering opportunities which last from ten minutes to an hour.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ A unique feature of online volunteering is that it can be done from a distance.", "Virtual volunteering __knowledge__ People with restricted mobility or other special needs participate in ways that might not be possible in traditional face-to-face volunteering.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., which is also known as Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida (VALF) is a nonprofit organization which provides training, technical assistance and grants for volunteer literacy programs.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Starting in 2008, the organization started a small grant program for members.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ In August 2008, Literacy Florida!", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ Inc., was renamed Volunteers for Adult Literacy in Florida.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ VALF provides grants, training, and technical support for adult and family literacy programs using trained volunteers.", "Literacy Florida! __knowledge__ According to this organization, around 74 million adults in the United States lack minimum literacy skills; one in five adults is still not literate and two-thirds of them are women.", "Virginia Literacy Foundation __knowledge__ The Virginia Literacy Foundation (VLF), is an organization whose mission is to reduce adult illiteracy in Virginia by providing funding and technical support to private, volunteer adult literacy organizations that teach low level literacy adults to read and write with one-on-one instruction and tutoring.", "Virginia Literacy Foundation __knowledge__ The VLF was founded by Jeannie Baliles, Virginia's First Lady from 1986 to 1990, and founding director Mark Emblidge, and was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) organization in 1987.", "Virginia Literacy Foundation __knowledge__ The VLF supports grass roots organizations via challenge grants, direct consultation, and program development training with public partners like The Virginia Adult Learning Resource Center.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (commonly known as LVI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that promotes adult literacy throughout Illinois.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ It serves families, adults, and out-of-school teens.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (LVI) was founded in 1979 to serve as a technical assistance and training agency for volunteer literacy programs affiliated with the national Literacy Volunteers of America (LVA) organization.", "Literacy Volunteers of Illinois __knowledge__ LVI initially served as a “mid-level” support system for local LVA affiliated programs with the goal of monitoring and providing training to programs to ensure that they were in compliance with LVA Standards.", "Patricia A. Edwards __knowledge__ Patricia A. Edwards, a member of the Reading Hall of Fame, is a Distinguished Professor of Language and Literacy in the Department of Teacher Education and a Senior University Outreach Fellow at Michigan State University.", "Patricia A. Edwards __knowledge__ She is a nationally and internationally recognized expert in parent involvement, home-school-community partnerships, and multicultural, early, and family/intergenerational literacy with a focus on poor and minority children.", "Patricia A. Edwards __knowledge__ She served on the International Literacy Association (formerly International Reading Association) Board of Directors from 1998–2001, as the first African American President of the Literacy Research Association (formerly the National Reading Conference) from 2006–2007, and as President of the International Literacy Association from 2010–2011.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ Established in 1985, the Florida Literacy Coalition (FLC) is a non-profit organization that promotes, supports and advocates for the effective delivery of quality adult and family literacy services in the state of Florida.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ As a statewide umbrella literacy organization and the host of Florida’s Adult and Family Literacy Literacy Resource Center, FLC provides a range of services to support more than 300 adult education, ESL, literacy and family literacy providers throughout Florida.", "Florida Literacy Coalition, Inc. __knowledge__ Special emphasis is placed on assisting community based literacy organizations with their training and program development need.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ Headquartered in Boynton Beach, Florida, the mission of the Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County is to improve the quality of life of those residing in and around Palm Beach County, Florida, by promoting and achieving literacy.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ The ultimate goal of the Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County, a nonprofit organization, is to ensure that every child and every adult in Palm Beach County becomes a reader.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ One in seven adults in Palm Beach County is unable to read and understand information found in books, newspapers, magazines, brochures and manuals.", "Literacy Coalition of Palm Beach County __knowledge__ Through extensive outreach and collaboration with a network of community partners, the Literacy Coalition strives to ensure that individuals who need to improve their literacy skills receive the help they need.", "Family literacy __knowledge__ Family literacy is a method of education.", "Family literacy __knowledge__ Relatively new, family literacy is being put into practice in the United States, Canada, and South Africa.", "Family literacy __knowledge__ The roots of family literacy as an educational method come from the belief that “the parent is the child’s first teacher.” Studies have demonstrated that adults who have a higher level of education tend to not only become productive citizens with enhanced social and economic capacity in society, but their children are more likely to be successful in school.", "Family literacy __knowledge__ Literate parents are better able to support the learning of their children.", "Family literacy __knowledge__ Establishing family literacy programs is the most effective strategy to increase parental involvement and literacy development." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial or social gain \"to benefit another person, group or organization\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human quality of life.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The verb was first recorded in 1755.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ It was derived from the noun \"volunteer\", in C.1600, \"one who offers himself for military service,\" from the Middle French \"voluntaire\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ The word \"volunteering\" has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase \"community service\".", "Volunteering __knowledge__ In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.", "Volunteering __knowledge__ Such volunteers do not work \"for free\" and are given regular pay.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ \"NCIS\" is an American police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Donald P. Bellisario and Don McGill as a backdoor pilot with the season eight episodes \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\" of \"JAG\".", "List of NCIS characters __knowledge__ The series premiered on September 23, 2003 featuring an ensemble cast which has included Mark Harmon, Sasha Alexander, Michael Weatherly, Pauley Perrette, David McCallum, Sean Murray, Cote de Pablo, Lauren Holly, Rocky Carroll, Brian Dietzen, Emily Wickersham, Wilmer Valderrama, Jennifer Esposito, Duane Henry, and Maria Bello.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John Lawrence McKenzie (October 9, 1910 – March 2, 1991) was born on October 9, 1910, in Brazil, Indiana, the first of the six children of Myra (Daly) and Harry McKenzie.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie became the premier Catholic Biblical scholar of the mid-twentieth century; indeed, John Courtney Murray, SJ, wrote that John McKenzie was \"the best Catholic theologian he knew of in the United States.\"", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ John McKenzie was interested in the Jesuits from an early age.", "John L. McKenzie __knowledge__ At some significant sacrifice to his family, he was enrolled in a Jesuit boarding high school in St. Mary’s, Kansas, where he came first in his class three out of his four years there.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Trial of Joan of Arc __knowledge__ The trial of Joan of Arc, which was overseen by an English-backed church court at Rouen, Normandy in the first half of 1431, was one of the more famous trials in history, becoming the subject of many books and films.", "Trial of Joan of Arc __knowledge__ It culminated in the execution of the person known to history as Joan of Arc, the young French peasant girl who was the defendant in the case.", "Trial of Joan of Arc __knowledge__ The trial verdict was later reversed on appeal by Jean Bréhal, the Inquisitor-General in 1456, thereby completely exonerating her.", "Trial of Joan of Arc __knowledge__ Considered a French national heroine, she was declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920.", "Trial of Joan of Arc __knowledge__ In the spring of 1429, in obedience to what she said was the command of God, Joan inspired the Dauphin's armies in a series of stunning military victories which lifted the Siege of Orléans and destroyed a large percentage of the remaining English forces at the Battle of Patay, reversing the course of the Hundred Years' War.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Gary Shearston __knowledge__ Gary Rhett Shearston (9 January 19391 July 2013) was an Australian singer and songwriter who was a leading figure of the folk music revival of the 1960s.", "Gary Shearston __knowledge__ He was notable as a performer of Australian traditional folk songs in an authentic style.", "Gary Shearston __knowledge__ He scored a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom in 1974 with his cover version of the Cole Porter song \"I Get a Kick out of You\".", "Gary Shearston __knowledge__ Shearston was born in Inverell, New South Wales, Australia, the son of Audrey Lilian (née Manchee) and James Barclay Shearston.", "Gary Shearston __knowledge__ During World War II his father was posted on active service and Shearston and his mother lived on his grandparents' property, \"Aydrie\", near Tenterfield, New South Wales.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Characters of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from \"Blake's 7\", a media franchise created by Terry Nation.", "Characters of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ Kerr Avon is a fictional character from the British science fiction television series \"Blake's 7\", played by Paul Darrow (who is currently recreating the role for the Big Finish \"Liberator Chronicles\" and \"Classic Audio Adventures\"; in the B7 audio series, Avon is played by Colin Salmon).", "Characters of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ Initially one of a character ensemble, he increasingly became a lead character.", "Characters of Blake's 7 __knowledge__ A child of the colonies, Avon possesses genius-level intelligence, and is an aloof and sardonic computer expert found guilty of an attempt to embezzle five hundred million credits from the Terran Federation banking system.", "Canadian women in the World Wars __knowledge__ Canadian women in the World Wars became indispensable because the World Wars were total wars that required the maximum effort of the civilian population.", "Canadian women in the World Wars __knowledge__ While Canadians were deeply divided on the issue of conscription for men, there was wide agreement that women had important new roles to play in the home, in civic life, in industry, in nursing, and even in military uniforms.", "Canadian women in the World Wars __knowledge__ Historians debate whether there was much long-term impact on the postwar roles of women.", "Canadian women in the World Wars __knowledge__ Before World War I, Canadian Nursing Sisters participated in the South African War, Boer War, and the War of 1812.", "Canadian women in the World Wars __knowledge__ Following the creation of the Canadian Army Medical Department in June 1899, the Canadian Army Nursing Service was created and four Canadian nurses were dispatched South Africa.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation." ] ]	[ 1, 19, 18, 5, 4 ]	[ "That's great. Volunteering is such an altruistic activity.", "I volunteer at Literacy Florida which is a non-profit organization.", "It also goes by VALF which provides training, grants and technical support for adult and family literacy programs.", "I am sure there are a lot since most volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work. You would be a great asset.", "Volunteering is also great to make contacts for possible employment. " ]	[ "Volunteering", "Volunteering", "Volunteering", "Volunteering", "Volunteering" ]
[ "Minimum wage\nDo you know what is today's minimum wage in California?", "I think they may recently have accepted $15 as the minimum wage in CA. It makes sense from a worker's point of view, but it may help explain why corporations are leaving CA.", "They don't just like it. They, along with many higher income individuals, are flooding out of Texas to avoid paying the minimum wage and to avoid high corporate and individual taxes. We are seeing a lot of them in TN.", "Yes, corporations are affected. But I can't understand why California doesn't try to tone down its taxes." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Equivalently, it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labor.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, and boosts morale.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment (particularly among unskilled or inexperienced workers) and is damaging to businesses, because excessively high minimum wages require businesses to raise the prices of their product or service to accommodate the extra expense of paying a higher wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Modern national laws enforcing compulsory union membership which proscribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1890s.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Minimum wage law is the body of law which prohibits employers from hiring employees or workers for less than a given hourly, daily or monthly minimum wage.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ More than 90% of all countries have some kind of minimum wage legislation.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Until recently, minimum wage laws were usually very tightly focused.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In the U.S. and Great Britain, for example, they applied only to women and children.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Only after the Great Depression did many industrialized economies extend them to the general work force.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Even then, the laws were often specific to certain industries.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In France, for example, they were extensions of existing trade union legislation.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ The Minimum Wages Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament concerning Indian labour law that sets the minimum wages that must be paid to skilled and unskilled labours.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ The Indian Constitution has defined a 'living wage' that is the level of income for a worker which will ensure a basic standard of living including good health, dignity, comfort, education and provide for any contingency.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ However, to keep in mind an industry's capacity to pay the constitution has defined a 'fair wage'.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ Fair wage is that level of wage that not just maintains a level of employment, but seeks to increase it keeping in perspective the industry’s capacity to pay.", "Living wage __knowledge__ In public policy, a living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.", "Living wage __knowledge__ This is not necessarily the same as subsistence, which refers to a biological minimum, though the two terms are commonly confused.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Some have defined needs to include shelter, food, and other incidentals such as clothing.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Due to the flexible nature of the term 'needs', there is not one universally accepted measure of what a living wage is and as such it varies by location and household type.", "Living wage __knowledge__ A living wage, in some nations such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, generally means that a person working 40 hours a week, with no additional income, should be able to afford the basics for a modest but decent life, such as, food, shelter, utilities, transport, health care, and child care.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ United States labor law sets the rights and duties for employees, labor unions, and employers in the United States.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Labor law's basic aim is to remedy the \"inequality of bargaining power\" between employees and employers, especially employers \"organized in the corporate or other forms of ownership association\".", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Over the 20th century, federal law created minimum social and economic rights, and encouraged state laws to go beyond the minimum to favor employees.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 requires a federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 but higher in 28 states, and discourages unhealthy working weeks over 40 hours through time-and-a-half overtime pay.", "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (abbreviated as FLSA) is a United States labor law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and \"time-and-a-half\" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week.", "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 __knowledge__ It also prohibited most employment of minors in \"oppressive child labor\".", "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 __knowledge__ It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage.", "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act applies to \"employees who are engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, or who are employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce\" unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Equivalently, it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labor.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, and boosts morale.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment (particularly among unskilled or inexperienced workers) and is damaging to businesses, because excessively high minimum wages require businesses to raise the prices of their product or service to accommodate the extra expense of paying a higher wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Modern national laws enforcing compulsory union membership which proscribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1890s.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ United States labor law sets the rights and duties for employees, labor unions, and employers in the United States.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Labor law's basic aim is to remedy the \"inequality of bargaining power\" between employees and employers, especially employers \"organized in the corporate or other forms of ownership association\".", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Over the 20th century, federal law created minimum social and economic rights, and encouraged state laws to go beyond the minimum to favor employees.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 requires a federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 but higher in 28 states, and discourages unhealthy working weeks over 40 hours through time-and-a-half overtime pay.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Minimum wage law is the body of law which prohibits employers from hiring employees or workers for less than a given hourly, daily or monthly minimum wage.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ More than 90% of all countries have some kind of minimum wage legislation.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Until recently, minimum wage laws were usually very tightly focused.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In the U.S. and Great Britain, for example, they applied only to women and children.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Only after the Great Depression did many industrialized economies extend them to the general work force.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Even then, the laws were often specific to certain industries.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In France, for example, they were extensions of existing trade union legislation.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This trend is evident with income measured both before taxes (market income) as well as after taxes and transfer payments.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950–1980.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households.", "Living wage __knowledge__ In public policy, a living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.", "Living wage __knowledge__ This is not necessarily the same as subsistence, which refers to a biological minimum, though the two terms are commonly confused.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Some have defined needs to include shelter, food, and other incidentals such as clothing.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Due to the flexible nature of the term 'needs', there is not one universally accepted measure of what a living wage is and as such it varies by location and household type.", "Living wage __knowledge__ A living wage, in some nations such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, generally means that a person working 40 hours a week, with no additional income, should be able to afford the basics for a modest but decent life, such as, food, shelter, utilities, transport, health care, and child care.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ The Minimum Wages Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament concerning Indian labour law that sets the minimum wages that must be paid to skilled and unskilled labours.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ The Indian Constitution has defined a 'living wage' that is the level of income for a worker which will ensure a basic standard of living including good health, dignity, comfort, education and provide for any contingency.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ However, to keep in mind an industry's capacity to pay the constitution has defined a 'fair wage'.", "Minimum Wages Act 1948 __knowledge__ Fair wage is that level of wage that not just maintains a level of employment, but seeks to increase it keeping in perspective the industry’s capacity to pay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Equivalently, it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labor.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, and boosts morale.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment (particularly among unskilled or inexperienced workers) and is damaging to businesses, because excessively high minimum wages require businesses to raise the prices of their product or service to accommodate the extra expense of paying a higher wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Modern national laws enforcing compulsory union membership which proscribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1890s.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This trend is evident with income measured both before taxes (market income) as well as after taxes and transfer payments.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950–1980.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households.", "Progressivity in United States income tax __knowledge__ In general, the United States federal income tax is progressive, as rates of tax generally increase as taxable income increases, at least with respect to individuals that earn wage income.", "Progressivity in United States income tax __knowledge__ As a group, the lowest earning workers, especially those with dependents, pay no income taxes and may actually receive a small subsidy from the federal government (from child credits and the Earned Income Tax Credit).", "Progressivity in United States income tax __knowledge__ \"Progressivity\" as it pertains to tax is usually defined as meaning that the higher a person's level of income, the higher a tax rate that person pays.", "Progressivity in United States income tax __knowledge__ In the mid-twentieth century, marginal tax rates (the rate applied to the last bit of income) in the United States and United Kingdom exceeded 90%.", "Economic policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Donald Trump's signature economic policy proposals, sometimes referred to as MAGAnomics or Trumponomics, include trade protectionism, immigration reduction, individual and corporate tax reform, the dismantling of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (\"Obamacare\").", "Economic policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Bills to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (\"Obamacare\") did not pass Congress in mid-2017.", "Economic policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ However, Trump's tax reform plan was signed into law in December 2017, which included substantial tax cuts for higher income taxpayers and corporations as well as repeal of a key Obamacare element, the individual mandate.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour.", "Causes of income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Causes of income inequality in the United States describes why changes in the country's income distribution are occurring.", "Causes of income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This topic is subject to extensive ongoing research, media attention, and political interest, as it involves how the national income of the country is split among its people at various income levels.", "Causes of income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has grown significantly since the early 1970s, after several decades of stability, and has been the subject of study of many scholars and institutions.", "Causes of income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. consistently exhibits higher rates of income inequality than most developed nations, arguably due to the nation's relatively enhanced support of free market capitalism.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Optimal tax theory or the theory of optimal taxation is the study of designing and implementing a tax that reduces inefficiency and distortion in the market under given economic constraints.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Generally, this criterion consists of individuals' utility and the optimization problem involves minimizing the distortions caused by taxation.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ A neutral tax is a theoretical tax which avoids distortion and inefficiency completely.", "Optimal tax __knowledge__ Other things being equal, if a tax-payer must choose between two mutually exclusive economic projects (say investments) that have the same pre-tax risk and returns, the one with the lower tax or with a tax exemption would be chosen by a rational actor.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ According to International Labour Organization report, more than 200 million people globally or 6% of the world's workforce were without a job in 2012.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ The causes of unemployment are heavily debated.", "Unemployment __knowledge__ Classical economics, new classical economics, and the Austrian School of economics argued that market mechanisms are reliable means of resolving unemployment.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Pullman porter __knowledge__ Pullman porters were men hired to work on the railroads as porters on sleeping cars.", "Pullman porter __knowledge__ Starting shortly after the American Civil War, George Pullman sought out former slaves to work on his sleeper cars.", "Pullman porter __knowledge__ Pullman porters served American railroads for 100 years from the late 1860s until late in the 20th Century.", "Pullman porter __knowledge__ Until the 1960s, Pullman porters were exclusively black, and have been widely credited with contributing to the development of the black middle class in America.", "Pullman porter __knowledge__ Under the leadership of A. Philip Randolph, Pullman porters formed the first all-black union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ United States labor law sets the rights and duties for employees, labor unions, and employers in the United States.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Labor law's basic aim is to remedy the \"inequality of bargaining power\" between employees and employers, especially employers \"organized in the corporate or other forms of ownership association\".", "United States labor law __knowledge__ Over the 20th century, federal law created minimum social and economic rights, and encouraged state laws to go beyond the minimum to favor employees.", "United States labor law __knowledge__ The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 requires a federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 but higher in 28 states, and discourages unhealthy working weeks over 40 hours through time-and-a-half overtime pay.", "Percy Bland __knowledge__ Percy Bland was born in Crystal Springs, Mississippi on September 23, 1970.", "Percy Bland __knowledge__ Bland grew up in Jackson, Mississippi and attended St. Joseph High School, Bland later earned a B.S in Chemistry at Xavier University of Louisiana of New Orleans, and played collegiate basketball.", "Percy Bland __knowledge__ Bland also earned a Master’s of Public Health (MPH) degree at the University of Southern Mississippi.", "Percy Bland __knowledge__ Bland went on to work for the Fulton County Health Department in Atlanta, Georgia where he served as an epidemiologist in the Tuberculosis Control Department.", "Percy Bland __knowledge__ Bland met his wife Deidre in Atlanta and the couple was married on August 15, 1999." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Equivalently, it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labor.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, and boosts morale.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment (particularly among unskilled or inexperienced workers) and is damaging to businesses, because excessively high minimum wages require businesses to raise the prices of their product or service to accommodate the extra expense of paying a higher wage.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Modern national laws enforcing compulsory union membership which proscribed minimum wages for their members were first passed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1890s.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ The movement for minimum wages was first motivated as a way to stop the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, by employers who were thought to have unfair bargaining power over them.", "Minimum wage __knowledge__ Over time, minimum wages came to be seen as a way to help lower-income families.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Taxes are levied on income, payroll, property, sales, capital gains, dividends, imports, estates and gifts, as well as various fees.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In 2010, taxes collected by federal, state, and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ In the OECD, only Chile and Mexico are taxed less as a share of their GDP.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ However, taxes fall much more heavily on labor income than on capital income.", "Taxation in the United States __knowledge__ Divergent taxes and subsidies for different forms of income and spending can also constitute a form of indirect taxation of some activities over others.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was an adopted initiative constitutional amendment in the state of California on the November 5, 1996 statewide election ballot.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 revolutionized local and regional government finance in California.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Called the “Right to Vote on Taxes Act,” Proposition 218 was sponsored by the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association as a constitutional follow-up to the landmark property tax revolt initiative constitutional amendment, Proposition 13, approved by California voters on June 6, 1978.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 was drafted by constitutional attorneys Jonathan Coupal and Jack Cohen.", "California Proposition 218 (1996) __knowledge__ Proposition 218 amended the California Constitution by adding Article XIII C and Article XIII D. Article XIII C relates to voter approval requirements for local government taxes.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ This trend is evident with income measured both before taxes (market income) as well as after taxes and transfer payments.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Income inequality has fluctuated considerably since measurements began around 1915, moving in an arc between peaks in the 1920s and 2000s, with a 30-year period of relatively lower inequality between 1950–1980.", "Income inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Measured for all households, U.S. income inequality is comparable to other developed countries before taxes and transfers, but is among the highest after taxes and transfers, meaning the U.S. shifts relatively less income from higher income households to lower income households.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ U.S.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Senator John McCain (R-AZ), a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983, a two-time U.S. presidential candidate, and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his senatorial voting record.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Online, McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time, McCain said in June 2008: \"My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear.", "Corporate tax in the United States __knowledge__ Corporate tax is imposed in the United States at the federal, most state, and some local levels on the income of entities treated for tax purposes as corporations.", "Corporate tax in the United States __knowledge__ Since January 1st 2018, the effective corporate tax rate in the United States of America is a flat 21 percent due to the passage of the \"Tax Cuts and Jobs Act\" on December 20th, 2017.", "Corporate tax in the United States __knowledge__ State and local taxes and rules vary by jurisdiction, though many are based on federal concepts and definitions.", "Corporate tax in the United States __knowledge__ Taxable income may differ from book income both as to timing of income and tax deductions and as to what is taxable.", "Corporate tax in the United States __knowledge__ Corporations are also subject to a federal Alternative Minimum Tax and alternative state taxes.", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 __knowledge__ Public law no.", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 __knowledge__ 115-97, an Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, is a congressional revenue act originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 __knowledge__ It amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and was based on tax reform advocated by congressional Republicans and the Trump administration.", "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 __knowledge__ Major elements include reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals; a personal tax simplification by increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits, but eliminating personal exemptions and making it less beneficial to itemize deductions; limiting deductions for state and local income taxes (SALT) and property taxes; further limiting the mortgage interest deduction; reducing the alternative minimum tax for individuals and eliminating it for corporations; reducing the number of estates impacted by the estate tax; and repealing the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, a tax is imposed on income by the federal government, most state governments, and many local governments.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ The income tax is determined by applying a tax rate, which may increase as income increases, to taxable income as defined.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ Individuals and corporations are directly taxable, and estates and trusts may be taxable on undistributed income.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the term 'payroll tax' usually refers to 'FICA taxes' that pay into Social Security and Medicare, while 'income tax' refers to taxes that pay into state and federal general funds.", "Income tax in the United States __knowledge__ Partnerships are not taxed, but their partners are taxed on their shares of partnership income.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ The minimum wage in the United States is set by US labor law and a range of state and local laws.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state, and local law.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Since July 24, 2009, the federal government has mandated a nationwide minimum wage of $7.25 per hour.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ As of January 2018, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ From 2017 to 2018, eight states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in eleven other states occurred through referendum or legislative action.", "Minimum wage in the United States __knowledge__ Washington has the highest state minimum wage at $11.50 per hour.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Minimum wage law is the body of law which prohibits employers from hiring employees or workers for less than a given hourly, daily or monthly minimum wage.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ More than 90% of all countries have some kind of minimum wage legislation.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Until recently, minimum wage laws were usually very tightly focused.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In the U.S. and Great Britain, for example, they applied only to women and children.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Only after the Great Depression did many industrialized economies extend them to the general work force.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ Even then, the laws were often specific to certain industries.", "Minimum wage law __knowledge__ In France, for example, they were extensions of existing trade union legislation.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Living wage __knowledge__ In public policy, a living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.", "Living wage __knowledge__ This is not necessarily the same as subsistence, which refers to a biological minimum, though the two terms are commonly confused.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Some have defined needs to include shelter, food, and other incidentals such as clothing.", "Living wage __knowledge__ Due to the flexible nature of the term 'needs', there is not one universally accepted measure of what a living wage is and as such it varies by location and household type.", "Living wage __knowledge__ A living wage, in some nations such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand, generally means that a person working 40 hours a week, with no additional income, should be able to afford the basics for a modest but decent life, such as, food, shelter, utilities, transport, health care, and child care." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 20, 23 ]	[ "No, but I know minimum wage is around 9 dollars in FL and that the cost of living in CA is higher. I would guess that it's 11 dollars or so.", "Wow! That sounds like a nice and potentially livable wage. I imagine it would do good for morale but it's sad to hear that corporations dislike it.", "I see, minimum wage and other laws usually illicit strong responses from businesses. I have heard of some leaving the country for cheaper taxes or stuff like that.", "I'm not sure why they are so tough with their taxes, whether it's to help with inequality or some other purpose. They must feel that they can survive whatever fallout comes with it I think." ]	[ "Minimum wage", "Minimum wage", "Minimum wage", "Minimum wage" ]
[ "Reading (process)", "Me too! I loved reading the Harry Potter books when I was younger!", "Wow, I had no idea! That's amazing! What are some of your favorite authors?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "Harry Potter __knowledge__ Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling.", "Harry Potter __knowledge__ The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.", "Harry Potter __knowledge__ The main story arc concerns Harry's struggle against Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic, and subjugate all wizards and muggles, a reference term that means non-magical people.", "Harry Potter __knowledge__ Since the release of the first novel, \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\", on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ There are many published theories about the politics of the Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling, which range from them containing criticism of racism to anti-government sentiments.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ According to \"Inside Higher Ed\", doctoral theses have been devoted to the Harry Potter books.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ There are also several university courses centred on analysis of the Potter series, including an upper division Political Science course.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ \"Time\" magazine noted the political and social aspects of Harry Potter in their 2007 Person of the Year issue where Rowling placed third behind politicians Vladimir Putin and Al Gore.", "Politics of Harry Potter __knowledge__ Harry Potter's potential social and political impact was called similar to the 19th century phenomenon of Harriet Beecher Stowe's popular, but critically maligned book, \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\", which fuelled the abolitionist movement leading up to the American Civil War.", "Harry Potter in translation __knowledge__ The \"Harry Potter\" series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling have become some of the most widely read works of children's literature in history, with readers of all ages and in many countries.", "Harry Potter in translation __knowledge__ In April 2011 worldwide sales of Harry Potter books were estimated to be about 450 million copies.", "Harry Potter in translation __knowledge__ Oddly enough, it has been difficult to accurately determine with any degree of certainty exactly how many languages Harry Potter has been translated into.", "Harry Potter in translation __knowledge__ As best as can be determined (as of 2017), The Philosopher's Stone has been officially translated from the original English into 74 other languages, the most recent being, Scots, which was released on 2017-11-23.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ \"\"Harry Potter\" fandom\" refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ Writer J. K. Rowling cites several writers as influences in her creation of her bestselling \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ Writers, journalists and critics have noted that the books also have a number of analogues; a wide range of literature, both classical and modern, which Rowling has not openly cited as influences.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ This article is divided into three sections.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The first section lists those authors and books which Rowling has suggested as possible influences on \"Harry Potter\".", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The second section deals with those books which Rowling has cited as favourites without mentioning possible influences.", "Harry Potter influences and analogues __knowledge__ The third section deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with \"Harry Potter\".", "Harry Potter (character) __knowledge__ Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series.", "Harry Potter (character) __knowledge__ The majority of the books' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter, who, on his eleventh birthday, learns he is a wizard.", "Harry Potter (character) __knowledge__ Thus, he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practice magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors.", "Harry Potter (character) __knowledge__ Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel's magical community, and that his fate is tied with that of He Who Must Not Be Named, the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents, Lily and James.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The Greek language question (, \"to glossikó zítima\") was a dispute about whether the language of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated imitation of Ancient Greek (\"katharevousa\") should be the official language of the Greek nation.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries and was finally resolved in 1976, when Demotic was made the official language.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ While Demotic was the vernacular of the Greeks, \"Katharevousa\" was an archaic and formal variant that was pronounced like Modern Greek, but it adopted both lexical and morphological features of Ancient Greek that the spoken language had lost over time.", "New Words Bookstore __knowledge__ New Words Bookstore was a feminist bookstore (1974 - 2002) based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.", "New Words Bookstore __knowledge__ New Words, A Women's Bookstore, opened in Somerville, Massachusetts, on April 6, 1974.", "New Words Bookstore __knowledge__ New Words was one of the earliest feminist bookstores in the country and a pioneer in what was soon to become an international feminist-bookstore/women-in-print movement.", "New Words Bookstore __knowledge__ The four founders, Rita Arditti, Gilda Bruckman, Mary Lowry, and Jean MacRae were brought together through introductions made by mutual friends.", "New Words Bookstore __knowledge__ Rita Arditti was a biologist, Gilda Bruckman worked in a Harvard Square bookstore, Mary Lowry was an optician, and Jean MacRae was just finishing a graduate degree at Harvard Divinity School.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem... From an early age, infants use language to communicate.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ Getting lost is the occurrence of a person or animal losing spatial reference.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ This situation consists of two elements: the feeling of disorientation and a spatial component.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ While \"getting lost\", \"being lost\" or \"totally lost\", etc.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ are popular expressions for someone in a desperate situation (perhaps not literally lost), getting lost is also a positive term for a goal some travellers have in exploring without a plan.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ Psychology and neuroscience help to understand the underlying processes which take place before, during and after getting lost.", "Getting lost __knowledge__ Getting lost is an aspect of behavioral geography, in which human wayfinding and cognitive and environmental factors play a role.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ Reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ Although this definition may seem simple, it is not necessarily simple to teach, learn or practice.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ An individual's ability to comprehend text is influenced by their traits and skills, one of which is the ability to make inferences.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read.", "Reading comprehension __knowledge__ There are a number of approaches to improve reading comprehension, including improving one's vocabulary and reading strategies.", "Memory __knowledge__ Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.", "Memory __knowledge__ Memory is vital to experiences and related to limbic systems, it is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action.", "Memory __knowledge__ If we could not remember past events, we could not learn or develop language, relationships, nor personal identity (Eysenck, 2012).", "Memory __knowledge__ Often memory is understood as an informational processing system with explicit and implicit functioning that is made up of a sensory processor, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory (Baddely, 2007).", "Memory __knowledge__ The sensory processor allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli and attended to with various levels of focus and intent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ \"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ The story of Dhul-Qarnayn (in Arabic ذو القرنين, literally \"\"The Two-Horned One\"\", also transliterated as Zul-Qarnain or Zulqarnain), mentioned in the Quran, may be a reference to Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 BC), popularly known as Alexander the Great.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ Dhul-Qarnayn was a well-known figure in the lore of the ancient dwellers of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ The majority of traditional and modern scholars have generally endorsed the identification of Dhul-Qarnayn with Alexander the Great, but some early Muslim scholars saw it as a reference to a pre-Islamic monarch from Persia or south Arabia.", "Alexander the Great in the Quran __knowledge__ It has also been a matter of theological controversy amongst Muslim scholars since early times.", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz __knowledge__ Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (; or ; ; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy, having developed differential and integral calculus independently of Isaac Newton.", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz __knowledge__ Leibniz's notation has been widely used ever since it was published.", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz __knowledge__ It was only in the 20th century that his Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non-standard analysis).", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz __knowledge__ He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators.", "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz __knowledge__ While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator, he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass-produced mechanical calculator.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (; ; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ During his lifetime he published just one slim book, the 75-page \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\" (1921), one article, one book review and a children's dictionary.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously.", "Ludwig Wittgenstein __knowledge__ \"Philosophical Investigations\" appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the twentieth century.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ The discussion concerning the existence of a Romanian philosophy has known three stages.", "Romanian philosophy __knowledge__ Between the two World Wars, after the emergence of Greater Romania, Romanian national identity went through a crisis.", "Linguistic relativity __knowledge__ The principle of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition.", "Linguistic relativity __knowledge__ Popularly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, or Whorfianism, the principle is often defined to include two versions.", "Linguistic relativity __knowledge__ The \"strong\" version says that language \"determines\" thought and that linguistic categories limit and determine cognitive categories, whereas the \"weak\" version says that linguistic categories and usage only \"influence\" thought and decisions.", "Linguistic relativity __knowledge__ The term \"Sapir–Whorf hypothesis\" is considered a misnomer by linguists for several reasons: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works, and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis.", "Tibor Sekelj __knowledge__ Tibor Sekelj (14 February 1912 – 20 September 1988), also known as Székely Tibor according to Hungarian orthography, was a Hungarian born polyglot, explorer, author, and 'citizen of the world.'", "Tibor Sekelj __knowledge__ In 1986 he was elected a member of the Academy of Esperanto and an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association.", "Tibor Sekelj __knowledge__ Among his novels, travel books and essays, his novella \"Kumeŭaŭa, la filo de la ĝangalo\" (\"Kumewawa, the son of the jungle\"), a children's book about the life of Brazilian Indians, was translated into seventeen languages, and in 1987 it was voted best Children's book in Japan.", "Tibor Sekelj __knowledge__ In 2011 European Esperanto Union declared 2012 \"The Year of Tibor Sekelj\" to honor the 100-year anniversary of his birth." ] ]	[ 2, 27, 2 ]	[ "I love to read. I love learning new words and getting lost in the story.", "I recently learned that The Philosophers Stone was translated into over 50 different languages. Its a popular book.. ", "I like Anne McCarffery and Thomas Coots. They have get communication skill in producing their stories and getting the idea across." ]	[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]
[ "The New York Times\nI love reading The New York Times every morning", "I didn't know it was that old! Who started it?", "So they are the ones currently working there? I didn't know it was a family run operation", "Fascinating. Do you know how long the crossword has been a part of the New York Times? " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The\" \"NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, the paper has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ As of September 2016, it had the largest combined print-and-digital circulation of any daily newspaper in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" is ranked 18th in the world by circulation.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Gray Lady\", \"The New York Times\" has long been regarded within the industry as a national \"newspaper of record\".", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper's motto, \"All the News That's Fit to Print\", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Since the mid-1970s, \"The New York Times\" has greatly expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ In computers, a printer driver or a print processor is a piece of software that converts the data to be printed to the form specific to a printer.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ The purpose of printer drivers is to allow applications to do printing without being aware of the technical details of each printer model.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ Printer drivers should not be confused with print spoolers, that queue print jobs and send them successively to a printer.", "Printer driver __knowledge__ Unix and other Unix-like systems such as Linux and OS X use CUPS (short for Common Unix Printing System), a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems, which allows a computer to act as a print server.", "WordPerfect __knowledge__ WordPerfect (WP) is a word processing application owned by Corel with a long history on multiple personal computer platforms.", "WordPerfect __knowledge__ The program was originally developed under contract at Brigham Young University for use on a Data General minicomputer in 1979.", "WordPerfect __knowledge__ The authors retained the rights to the program, forming Satellite Software International (SSI) to sell it under the name WordPerfect in 1980.", "WordPerfect __knowledge__ A port to MS-DOS followed in 1982 and several greatly updated versions quickly followed.", "WordPerfect __knowledge__ The application's feature list was considerably more advanced than its main competition, WordStar, an established program that originated on CP/M.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Alberto Frigo (born 21 July 1979 in Asiago) is known for having photographed every object his right hand has used since 24 September 2003.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Continuously documenting 36 aspects of reality (e.g., his dreams, the songs he hears, the people he meets, the places he visits, the weather etc.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ ), Frigo intends to create a Rosetta Stone of time to be concluded at 60 years of age, in 2040, after 36 years.", "Alberto Frigo __knowledge__ Erroneously regarded as an early proponent of lifelogging Frigo is the founder of Tebahism, a movement advocating the manual stowing of life under threat by political, economic, social as well as religious establishments governed by increasing automation.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards—a record for any performer—for Best Actress.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ Raised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College.", "Katharine Hepburn __knowledge__ After four years in the theatre, favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American writer known for his widely-read novel \"The Catcher in the Rye\".", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Following his early success publishing short stories and \"The Catcher in the Rye\", Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Salinger was raised in Manhattan and began writing short stories while in secondary school.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ Several were published in \"Story\" magazine in the early 1940s before he began serving in World War II.", "J. D. Salinger __knowledge__ In 1948, his critically acclaimed story \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\" appeared in \"The New Yorker\" magazine, which became home to much of his later work.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Located in the southwest portion of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park located at the southern tip of the island.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ With a 2016 Census-estimated population of 476,015, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at .", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Staten Island is the only borough of New York with a non-Hispanic White majority." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The\" \"NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, the paper has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ As of September 2016, it had the largest combined print-and-digital circulation of any daily newspaper in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" is ranked 18th in the world by circulation.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Gray Lady\", \"The New York Times\" has long been regarded within the industry as a national \"newspaper of record\".", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper's motto, \"All the News That's Fit to Print\", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Since the mid-1970s, \"The New York Times\" has greatly expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement is a defence procurement project of the Canadian government to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), a process started in 1997.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ The F-35 procurement has been a source of considerable controversy in public policy circles in Canada since the federal government announced its intention to purchase the aircraft in 2010.", "Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement __knowledge__ In April 2012, with the release of a highly critical Auditor General of Canada report on the failures of the government's F-35 program, the procurement was labelled a national \"scandal\" and \"fiasco\" by the media.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ This story forms the basis for the traditional Navajo way of life.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The basic outline of begins with the (Holy Wind) being created, the mists of lights which arose through the darkness to animate and bring purpose to the four (Holy People), supernatural and sacred in the different three lower worlds.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ All these things were spiritually created in the time before the Earth existed and the physical aspect of humans did not exist yet, but the spiritual did.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The First or Dark World, , was small and centered on an island floating in the middle of four seas.", "Diné Bahaneʼ __knowledge__ The inhabitants of the first world were the four , the two Coyotes, the four rulers of the four seas, mist beings and various insect and bat people, the latter being the Air-Spirit People.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , \"Ō Sadaharu\"; born May 20, 1940), also known as Wang Chen-chih (), is a retired Japanese–Chinese baseball player and manager who played 22 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) from 1959 to 1980.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ Oh holds the world lifetime home run record, having hit 868 home runs during his professional career.", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ He established many NPB batting records, including runs batted in (RBIs) (2,170), slugging percentage (.634), bases on balls (2,390), and on-base plus slugging (OPS) (1.080).", "Sadaharu Oh __knowledge__ In 1977, Sadaharu Oh became the first recipient of the People's Honour Award.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The\" \"NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, the paper has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ As of September 2016, it had the largest combined print-and-digital circulation of any daily newspaper in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" is ranked 18th in the world by circulation.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Gray Lady\", \"The New York Times\" has long been regarded within the industry as a national \"newspaper of record\".", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper's motto, \"All the News That's Fit to Print\", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Since the mid-1970s, \"The New York Times\" has greatly expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features.", "Trolleybuses in São Paulo __knowledge__ Trolleybuses in São Paulo provide a portion of the public transport service in Greater São Paulo, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with two independent trolleybus systems.", "Trolleybuses in São Paulo __knowledge__ The SPTrans (São Paulo Transportes) system opened in 1949 and serves the city of São Paulo, while the Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo (EMTU) system opened in 1988 and serves suburban areas to the southeast of the city proper.", "Trolleybuses in São Paulo __knowledge__ Worldwide, São Paulo is one of only two metropolitan areas possessing two independent trolleybus systems, the other being Naples, Italy.", "Trolleybuses in São Paulo __knowledge__ The urban network now owned by SPTrans opened on 22 April 1949, the first trolleybus system to open in Brazil.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Ceramics in Mexico date back thousands of years before the Pre-Columbian period, when ceramic arts and pottery crafts developed with the first advanced civilizations and cultures of Mesoamerica.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ With one exception, pre-Hispanic wares were not glazed, but rather burnished and painted with colored fine clay slips.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ The potter's wheel was unknown as well; pieces were shaped by molding, coiling and other methods.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ After the Spanish Invasion and Conquest, European techniques and designs were introduced, nearly wiping out the native traditions.", "Mexican ceramics __knowledge__ Indigenous traditions survive in a few pottery items such as comals, and the addition of indigenous design elements into mostly European motifs.", "Towhidi Tabari __knowledge__ Towhidi Maloun (, Mazandarani:علی توحیدی طبری Tawhidi Maloun ; born 15 June 1964) is an Iranian artist.", "Towhidi Tabari __knowledge__ He is a member of the Society of Iranian Calligraphists, International Association of Art, La Maison des Artistes de France and of the Plastic Arts Center of the Ministry of Culture of Iran.", "Towhidi Tabari __knowledge__ He started learning calligraphy at the age of 14, with Mohammad Zaman Ferasat and Mehdi Fallah Moghadam in Babol.", "Towhidi Tabari __knowledge__ At 19, he moved to Tehran to study at the Society of Iranian Calligraphists' institute with Masters Gholam Hossein Amirkhani and Yadollah Kaboli Khansari, where he himself got the title of Master of Calligraphy, while also learning Fine Arts, Iranian traditional arts and Graphic Design.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Cuban intervention in Angola __knowledge__ In November 1975, on the eve of Angola's independence, Cuba launched a large-scale military intervention in support of the leftist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against United States-backed interventions by South Africa and Zaire in support of two right-wing independence movements competing for power in the country, the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).", "Cuban intervention in Angola __knowledge__ By the end of 1975 the Cuban military in Angola numbered more than 25,000 troops.", "Cuban intervention in Angola __knowledge__ Following the withdrawal of Zaire and South Africa, Cuban forces remained in Angola to support the MPLA government against UNITA in the continuing Angolan Civil War.", "Ceramics of Jalisco __knowledge__ Ceramics of Jalisco, Mexico has a history that extends far back in the pre Hispanic period, but modern production is the result of techniques introduced by the Spanish during the colonial period and the introduction of high-fire production in the 1950s and 1960s by Jorge Wilmot and Ken Edwards.", "Ceramics of Jalisco __knowledge__ Today various types of traditional ceramics such as bruñido, canelo and petatillo are still made, along with high fire types like stoneware, with traditional and nontraditional decorative motifs.", "Ceramics of Jalisco __knowledge__ The two main ceramics centers are Tlaquepaque and Tonalá, with a wide variety of products such as cookware, plates, bowls, piggy banks and many types of figures.", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ The oil cleansing method, often abbreviated as OCM, is a system for cleaning a human face using oil(s).", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ Sometimes, oils can be mixed; one example is 50% extra virgin olive oil and 50% castor oil.", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ This mixture can be optimized based on skin type and personal preference.", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ In accordance with skin type variations, castor oil may be too harsh in some skin-care regimens and is sometimes used in a 1:9 ratio.", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ However, overly oily skin can make use of a larger proportion of castor oil.", "Oil cleansing method __knowledge__ Other oils that are commonly used are jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, argan oil, rosehip oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and grapeseed oil.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr. (February 5, 1926 – September 29, 2012), commonly known as Punch Sulzberger, was an American publisher and a businessman.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Born into a prominent media and publishing family, Sulzberger became Publisher of \"The New York Times\" in 1963 and Chairman of the Board of The New York Times Company in 1973.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger relinquished to his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., the Office of Publisher in 1992, and Chairman of the Board in 1997.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born on February 5, 1926, in New York City, to Jewish parents Arthur Hays Sulzberger and Iphigene Bertha Ochs (daughter of Adolph Ochs, the former publisher and owner of \"The New York Times\" and the \"Chattanooga Times\" and granddaughter of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise).", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (born September 22, 1951) is an American journalist.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Sulzberger became the Publisher of \"The New York Times\" in 1992, and Chairman of The New York Times Company in 1997, succeeding his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ On December 14, 2017, he announced he would be ceding the post of publisher to his son Arthur Gregg \"A.G.\" Sulzberger, effective January 1, 2018.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born in Mount Kisco, New York, one of two children of Barbara Winslow (née Grant) and Arthur Ochs \"Punch\" Sulzberger Sr., the grandson of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and the great-grandson of Adolph Ochs.", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Gregg \"A.G.\" Sulzberger (born August 5, 1980) is an American journalist who is the publisher of \"The New York Times.\"", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ He is the son of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., the chairman of The New York Times Company and the preceding publisher of \"The New York Times.\"", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Gail Gregg and Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., the grandson of Arthur Ochs \"Punch\" Sulzberger Sr., the great-grandson of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and the great-great-grandson of Adolph Ochs.", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather was Jewish, and the rest of his family is of Christian background (Episcopalian and Congregationalist).", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Hays Sulzberger (September 12, 1891 – December 11, 1968) was the publisher of \"The New York Times\" from 1935 to 1961.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ During that time, daily circulation rose from 465,000 to 713,000 and Sunday circulation from 745,000 to 1.4 million; the staff more than doubled, reaching 5,200; advertising linage grew from 19 million to 62 million column inches per year; and gross income increased almost sevenfold, reaching 117 million dollars.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger's parents were Cyrus Lindauer Sulzberger, a cotton-goods merchant, and Rachel Peixotto Hays.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ They came from old Jewish families, Ashkenazi and Sephardic, respectively.", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg was a newspaper publisher and member of the Ochs-Sulzberger family.", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born to a Jewish family on March 12, 1921 in New York City, the second of four children of Iphigene (née Ochs) and Arthur Hays Sulzberger.", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Her father served as publisher of \"The New York Times\" from 1935 to 1961 and her maternal grandfather was Adolph S. Ochs, the owner of \"The Chattanooga Times\" and \"The New York Times\".", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Her brother, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger served as publisher of \"The New York Times\" and chairman and CEO of the Times Company; her sister Marian Sulzberger Heiskell (married to Andrew Heiskell) was a philanthropist; and her other sister, Judith P. Sulzberger was a doctor.", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ Adolph Simon Ochs (March 12, 1858 – April 8, 1935) was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of \"The New York Times\" and \"The Chattanooga Times\" (now the \"Chattanooga Times Free Press\").", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ Ochs was born to a Jewish family in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 12, 1858.", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ His parents, Julius Ochs and Bertha Levy, were both German immigrants.", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ His father had left Bavaria for the United States in 1846.", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ Julius was a highly educated man and fluent in six languages that he taught at schools throughout the South, though he supported the Union during the Civil War.", "Adolph Ochs __knowledge__ Ochs' mother Bertha had come to the United States in 1848 as a refugee from the revolution in Rhenish Bavaria, and had lived in the South before her 1853 marriage with Julius, sympathized with the South, though their differing sympathies didn't separate their household." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The\" \"NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, the paper has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ As of September 2016, it had the largest combined print-and-digital circulation of any daily newspaper in the United States.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" is ranked 18th in the world by circulation.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded but primarily controlled by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"The Gray Lady\", \"The New York Times\" has long been regarded within the industry as a national \"newspaper of record\".", "The New York Times __knowledge__ The paper's motto, \"All the News That's Fit to Print\", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page.", "The New York Times __knowledge__ Since the mid-1970s, \"The New York Times\" has greatly expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features.", "Crossword __knowledge__ A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The game's goal is to fill the white squares with letters, forming words or phrases, by solving clues, which lead to the answers.", "Crossword __knowledge__ In languages that are written left-to-right, the answer words and phrases are placed in the grid from left to right and from top to bottom.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The shaded squares are used to separate the words or phrases.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Crossword grids such as those appearing in most North American newspapers and magazines feature solid areas of white squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Every letter is checked (i.e.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle in and of itself.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ In the United States, cryptics are sometimes known as \"British-style\" crosswords.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Compilers of cryptic crosswords are commonly called \"setters\" in the UK.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crossword puzzles come in two main types: the basic cryptic in which each clue answer is entered into the diagram normally, and \"themed\" or \"variety\" cryptics, in which some or all of the answers must be altered before entering, usually in accordance with a hidden pattern or rule which must be discovered by the solver.", "The New York Times crossword puzzle __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" crossword puzzle is a daily puzzle published in \"The New York Times\", online at the newspaper's website, syndicated to more than 300 other newspapers and journals, and available as mobile apps.", "The New York Times crossword puzzle __knowledge__ The puzzle is created by various freelance constructors and has been edited by Will Shortz since 1993.", "The New York Times crossword puzzle __knowledge__ The puzzle becomes increasingly difficult throughout the week, with the easiest puzzle on Monday and the most difficult puzzle on Saturday.", "The New York Times crossword puzzle __knowledge__ The larger Sunday crossword, which appears in \"The New York Times Magazine\", is an icon in American culture; it is typically intended to be as difficult as a Thursday puzzle.", "Merl Reagle __knowledge__ Merl Harry Reagle (January 5, 1950 – August 22, 2015) was an American crossword constructor.", "Merl Reagle __knowledge__ For 30 years, he constructed a puzzle every Sunday for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" (originally the \"San Francisco Examiner\"), which he syndicated to more than 50 Sunday newspapers, including the \"Washington Post\", the \"Los Angeles Times\", the \"Philadelphia Inquirer\", the \"Seattle Times\", \"The Plain Dealer\" (Cleveland, Ohio), the \"Hartford Courant\", the \"New York Observer\", and the \"Arizona Daily Star\".", "Merl Reagle __knowledge__ Reagle also produced a bimonthly crossword puzzle for \"AARP The Magazine\" magazine, a monthly crossword puzzle for the Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI, and puzzles for the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament.", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ \"The Riddle of the Sphinx\" is the third episode of the third series of the British dark comedy anthology television programme \"Inside No.", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ 9\".", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ It first aired on 28 February 2017, BBC Two.", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ The episode was written by the programme's creators, Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, and directed by Guillem Morales.", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ \"The Riddle of the Sphinx\", which is set in Cambridge, stars Alexandra Roach as Nina, a young woman seeking answers to the \"Varsity\" cryptic crossword, and Pemberton as Professor Nigel Squires, who pseudonymously sets the crossword using the name of the Sphinx.", "The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9) __knowledge__ The story begins with Nina surreptitiously entering Squires's office on a stormy night, where she is discovered; this leads to Squires teaching her how to decipher clues in cryptic crosswords.", "David Steinberg (crossword editor) __knowledge__ David Steinberg (born in 1996) is a crossword constructor and editor.", "David Steinberg (crossword editor) __knowledge__ At 14, he became the then second-youngest person to publish a crossword in \"The New York Times\" during Will Shortz's editorship.", "David Steinberg (crossword editor) __knowledge__ At 15, he became the youngest published constructor in the \"Los Angeles Times\" and the youngest known crossword editor ever for a major newspaper (\"Orange County Register\").", "David Steinberg (crossword editor) __knowledge__ Steinberg was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised in California and Washington.", "David Steinberg (crossword editor) __knowledge__ In middle school, he was introduced to \"The New York Times\" crossword puzzle by his parents and, after seeing Merl Reagle build a puzzle in the movie \"Wordplay\", began constructing.", "Matt Gaffney __knowledge__ Matt Gaffney is a professional crossword puzzle constructor and author who lives in Staunton, Virginia.", "Matt Gaffney __knowledge__ His puzzles have appeared in Billboard magazine, the Chicago Tribune, the Daily Beast, Dell Champion Crossword Puzzles, GAMES magazine, the Los Angeles Times, New York Magazine, the New York Times, Newsday, The Onion, Slate magazine, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, Washingtonian Magazine, The Week, and Wine Spectator.", "Matt Gaffney __knowledge__ Gaffney was thirteen when his first crossword puzzle was published in Dell Champion Crossword Puzzles, and has gone on to create more than 4,000 crossword puzzles over the past 25 years.", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Gregg \"A.G.\" Sulzberger (born August 5, 1980) is an American journalist who is the publisher of \"The New York Times.\"", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ He is the son of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., the chairman of The New York Times Company and the preceding publisher of \"The New York Times.\"", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Gail Gregg and Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., the grandson of Arthur Ochs \"Punch\" Sulzberger Sr., the great-grandson of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and the great-great-grandson of Adolph Ochs.", "Arthur Gregg Sulzberger __knowledge__ His paternal grandfather was Jewish, and the rest of his family is of Christian background (Episcopalian and Congregationalist).", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr. (February 5, 1926 – September 29, 2012), commonly known as Punch Sulzberger, was an American publisher and a businessman.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Born into a prominent media and publishing family, Sulzberger became Publisher of \"The New York Times\" in 1963 and Chairman of the Board of The New York Times Company in 1973.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger relinquished to his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., the Office of Publisher in 1992, and Chairman of the Board in 1997.", "Punch Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born on February 5, 1926, in New York City, to Jewish parents Arthur Hays Sulzberger and Iphigene Bertha Ochs (daughter of Adolph Ochs, the former publisher and owner of \"The New York Times\" and the \"Chattanooga Times\" and granddaughter of Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise).", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg was a newspaper publisher and member of the Ochs-Sulzberger family.", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born to a Jewish family on March 12, 1921 in New York City, the second of four children of Iphigene (née Ochs) and Arthur Hays Sulzberger.", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Her father served as publisher of \"The New York Times\" from 1935 to 1961 and her maternal grandfather was Adolph S. Ochs, the owner of \"The Chattanooga Times\" and \"The New York Times\".", "Ruth Sulzberger Holmberg __knowledge__ Her brother, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger served as publisher of \"The New York Times\" and chairman and CEO of the Times Company; her sister Marian Sulzberger Heiskell (married to Andrew Heiskell) was a philanthropist; and her other sister, Judith P. Sulzberger was a doctor.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (born September 22, 1951) is an American journalist.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Sulzberger became the Publisher of \"The New York Times\" in 1992, and Chairman of The New York Times Company in 1997, succeeding his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ On December 14, 2017, he announced he would be ceding the post of publisher to his son Arthur Gregg \"A.G.\" Sulzberger, effective January 1, 2018.", "Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. __knowledge__ Sulzberger was born in Mount Kisco, New York, one of two children of Barbara Winslow (née Grant) and Arthur Ochs \"Punch\" Sulzberger Sr., the grandson of Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and the great-grandson of Adolph Ochs.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ Arthur Hays Sulzberger (September 12, 1891 – December 11, 1968) was the publisher of \"The New York Times\" from 1935 to 1961.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ During that time, daily circulation rose from 465,000 to 713,000 and Sunday circulation from 745,000 to 1.4 million; the staff more than doubled, reaching 5,200; advertising linage grew from 19 million to 62 million column inches per year; and gross income increased almost sevenfold, reaching 117 million dollars.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ Sulzberger's parents were Cyrus Lindauer Sulzberger, a cotton-goods merchant, and Rachel Peixotto Hays.", "Arthur Hays Sulzberger __knowledge__ They came from old Jewish families, Ashkenazi and Sephardic, respectively.", "Phil Ochs __knowledge__ Philip David Ochs (; December 19, 1940 – April 9, 1976) was an American protest singer (or, as he preferred, a topical singer) and songwriter who was known for his sharp wit, sardonic humor, earnest humanism, political activism, insightful and alliterative lyrics, and distinctive voice.", "Phil Ochs __knowledge__ He wrote hundreds of songs in the 1960s and 1970s and released eight albums.", "Phil Ochs __knowledge__ Ochs performed at many political events during the 1960s counterculture era, including anti-Vietnam War and civil rights rallies, student events, and organized labor events over the course of his career, in addition to many concert appearances at such venues as New York City's Town Hall and Carnegie Hall." ] ]	[ 2, 6, 5, 22 ]	[ "Oh, I currently work there, it was founded in 1851", "A.G. Sulzberger the paper's publisher and, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, is the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper.", "Yeah but it is owned by Ochs-Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure.", "It was created in 1993 by WillShortz" ]	[ "The New York Times", "The New York Times", "The New York Times", "The New York Times" ]
[ "Yoga\ni love doing yoga, specially during the mornings after my cooffe", "i like doing physical and sometimes spiritual yoga when i need it, what about you?", "do you know since when have people practice yoga?", "that is really incredible to think that yoga has come so far in society", "it is a really mysterious practice in my opinion and helps you relax and live a better daily life " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Raja yogas are \"Shubha\" ('auspicious') \"yogas\" that give success and a grand rise in career or business, and a greater degree of financial prosperity particularly during the \"dasha\" of the planets that give rise to \"Raja yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ However, these results get adversely modified by the presence of other \"Ashubha\" ('inauspicious') \"Arista yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Basically, the Yoga or Raja yoga-causing planets during the course of their respective dashas confer their most auspicious results if they happen to own the lagna-bhava (the Ascendant) or the Suta-bhava (the 5th house) or the Bhagyasthana (the 9th house); the person remains healthy, wealthy, happy and successful enjoying yoga and Raja yoga results in case the lagna, the 3rd, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th and the 12th houses counted from the lagna are also not occupied by any planet, and the kendras (quadrants) are occupied only by benefic planets." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Kundalini yoga __knowledge__ Kundalini Yoga (), also known as laya yoga, is a school of yoga that is influenced by Shaktism and Tantra schools of Hinduism.", "Kundalini yoga __knowledge__ It derives its name through a focus on awakening kundalini energy through regular practice of meditation, pranayama, chanting mantra and yoga asana.", "Kundalini yoga __knowledge__ Called by practitioners \"the yoga of awareness\", it aims \"to cultivate the creative spiritual potential of a human to uphold values, speak truth, and focus on the compassion and consciousness needed to serve and heal others.\"", "Kundalini yoga __knowledge__ What has become known as \"Kundalini yoga\" in the 20th century, after a technical term peculiar to this tradition, is actually a synthesis of many traditions which may include haṭha yoga techniques (such as bandha, pranayama, and asana), Patañjali's kriya yoga (consisting of self-discipline, self-study, and devotion to god), tantric visualization and meditation techniques of \"laya yoga\" (known as \"samsketas\"), and other techniques oriented towards the 'awakening of kundalini'.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Surat Shabd Yoga __knowledge__ Surat Shabd Yoga or Surat Shabda Yoga is a type of spiritual yoga practice in the Sant Mat tradition.", "Surat Shabd Yoga __knowledge__ Surat is ‘attention’ or ‘face’, that is, an outward expression of the soul; Shabd or Shabda has multiple meanings including ‘sacred song’, ‘word’, ‘voice’, ‘hymn’, ‘verse’, or ‘sound current, ‘audible life stream’, and the ‘essence of the Absolute Supreme Being’.", "Surat Shabd Yoga __knowledge__ The Absolute Supreme Being is a dynamic force of creative energy sent out into the abyss of space at the dawn of the universe's manifestation, as sound vibrations.", "Surat Shabd Yoga __knowledge__ These vibrations continue and are sent forth through the ages, framing all things that constitute and inhabit the universe.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ Zen yoga refers to a variety of physical and energetic practices that can be found within the Zen Buddhist tradition, and increasingly taught in the West.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ Some Zen temples include a taiso (exercise) period, often early in the morning, including yoga-like postures, quick repetitive exercises, and/or more flowing exercises reminiscent of Tai Chi.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ These exercises are designed to open and unblock the body in preparation for sitting meditation, develop a deeper awareness of the body, and as an opportunity to practice \"becoming one” with what’s happening in the moment (expressed in Japanese through the terms \"narikiru\" – become one – or \"ima-koko\" – now-here).", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation may be used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.", "Meditation __knowledge__ It may be done while sitting, repeating a mantra, and closing the eyes in a quiet environment.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation has been practiced since antiquity in numerous religious traditions and beliefs.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, it has spread from its Asian origins to Western cultures where it is commonly practiced in private and business life.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation is under psychological, neurological, and cardiovascular research to define its possible health effects.", "Prayer __knowledge__ Prayer (from the Latin \"precari\" \"to ask earnestly, beg, entreat\") is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication.", "Prayer __knowledge__ Prayer can be a form of religious practice, may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private.", "Prayer __knowledge__ It may involve the use of words, song or complete silence.", "Prayer __knowledge__ When language is used, prayer may take the form of a hymn, incantation, formal creedal statement, or a spontaneous utterance in the praying person.", "Prayer __knowledge__ There are different forms of prayer such as petitionary prayer, prayers of supplication, thanksgiving, and praise.", "Integral yoga __knowledge__ Integral yoga, also called as supramental yoga, is the yoga-based philosophy and practice of Sri Aurobindo and \"The Mother\" (Mirra Alfassa).", "Integral yoga __knowledge__ \"Integral yoga\" finds all life conscious or subconscious a yoga, defines the term yoga as a methodised effort towards self-perfection by the expression of the secret potentialities latent in the being and highest condition of victory in that effort - a union of the human individual with the universal and transcendent existence which is seen as partially expressions in humans and in the cosmos.", "Integral yoga __knowledge__ as a yoga idea that Spirit manifests itself in a process of involution, meanwhile forgetting its origins." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "B. K. S. Iyengar __knowledge__ Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (14 December 1918 – 20 August 2014), better known as B.K.S.", "B. K. S. Iyengar __knowledge__ Iyengar, was the founder of the style of yoga known as \"Iyengar Yoga\" and was considered one of the foremost yoga teachers in the world.", "B. K. S. Iyengar __knowledge__ He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including \"Light on Yoga\", \"Light on Pranayama\", \"Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\", and \"Light on Life\".", "B. K. S. Iyengar __knowledge__ Iyengar was one of the earliest students of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who is often referred to as \"the father of modern yoga\".", "B. K. S. Iyengar __knowledge__ He has been credited with popularizing yoga, first in India and then around the world.", "Bayonet __knowledge__ A bayonet (from French \"baïonnette\") is a bladed weapon similar to a knife or short sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit in, on, over or underneath the muzzle of a rifle, musket or similar firearm, augmenting the firearm to allow use as a pike.", "Bayonet __knowledge__ Starting in the 17th century, it was a weapon of primary importance for infantry attacks, even up to World War Two, but more a weapon of last resort since then.", "Bayonet __knowledge__ In this regard, it is an ancillary close-quarter combat weapon.", "Bayonet __knowledge__ When detached from the gun barrel, knife-like bayonets have long been utilized by soldiers in the field as a general-purpose survival knife.", "Yoga Journal __knowledge__ Yoga Journal is an American media company that publishes a magazine, a website, DVDs, tablet editions, and puts on conferences devoted to yoga, food and nutrition, fitness, wellness, and fashion and beauty.", "Yoga Journal __knowledge__ \"Yoga Journal\" was started in May 1975 by the California Yoga Teachers Association, which included William Staniger, Chairman (aka William Golden since 1982), Rama Jyoti Vernon, President, Janis Paulsen, Secretary/Treasurer, and board members Ike and Judith Lasater, Rose Garfinkle, and Jean Girardot.", "Yoga Journal __knowledge__ William Staniger was Yoga Journal's founding editor.", "Yoga Journal __knowledge__ Judith Lasater was Copy Editor, Janis Paulsen, Elmer Brunsman, and Jean Girardot were Assistant Editors, and Ike Lasater was Business and Advertising Director.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Indian religions, sometimes also termed as Dharmic faiths or religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ These religions are also all classified as Eastern religions.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Although Indian religions are connected through the history of India, they constitute a wide range of religious communities, and are not confined to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Evidence attesting to prehistoric religion in the Indian subcontinent derives from scattered Mesolithic rock paintings.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ The Harappan people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which lasted from 3300 to 1300 BCE (mature period, 2600–1900 BCE), had an early urbanized culture which predates the Vedic religion.", "Moksha __knowledge__ Moksha (, \"\"), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism and Hindu philosophy which refers to various forms of emancipation, liberation, and release.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from \"saṃsāra\", the cycle of death and rebirth.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its epistemological and psychological senses, \"moksha\" refers to freedom from ignorance: self-realization and self-knowledge.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In Hindu traditions, \"moksha\" is a central concept and included as one of the four aspects and goals of human life; the other three goals are \"dharma\" (virtuous, proper, moral life), \"artha\" (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and \"kama\" (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word \"jina\" (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviors and teachers known as Tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who is believed to have lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahavira around 500 BCE.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal \"dharma\" with the Tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism (Śaivam) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being or its metaphysical concept of Brahman.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ The followers of Shaivism are called \"Shaivites\" or \"Saivites\".", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Like much of Hinduism, the Shaiva have many sub-traditions, ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-oriented monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism has ancient roots, traceable in the Vedic literature of 2nd millennium BCE, but this is in the form of the Vedic deity Rudra.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta (IAST, '; , literally, \"not-two\"), originally known as Puruṣavāda\"', is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The term \"Advaita\" refers to its idea that the soul (true Self, Atman) is the same as the highest metaphysical Reality (Brahman).", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The followers of this school are known as \"Advaita Vedantins\", or just \"Advaitins\", and they seek spiritual liberation through acquiring \"vidyā\" (knowledge) of one's true identity as \"Atman\", and the identity of \"Atman\" and \"Brahman\".", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta traces its roots in the oldest Upanishads." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ Bikram Yoga is a system of yoga that Bikram Choudhury synthesized from traditional hatha yoga techniques It became popular in the early 1970s.", "Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ All Bikram Yoga Beginning Series classes run for 90 minutes and consist of the same series of 26 postures, including two breathing exercises.", "Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ Bikram Yoga is a hot yoga style, and is ideally practiced in a room heated to with a humidity of 40%.", "Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ All official Bikram classes are taught by Bikram-certified teachers, who have completed nine weeks of training endorsed by Choudhury.", "Bikram Yoga __knowledge__ Bikram-certified teachers are taught a standardized dialogue to run the class, but are encouraged to develop their teaching skills the longer they teach.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Samkhya __knowledge__ Samkhya or Sankhya (, IAST: ') is one of the six āstika schools of Hindu philosophy.", "Samkhya __knowledge__ It is most related to the Yoga school of Hinduism, and it was influential on other schools of Indian philosophy.", "Samkhya __knowledge__ Sāmkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepts three of six pramanas (proofs) as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge.", "Samkhya __knowledge__ These include \"pratyakṣa\" (perception), \"anumāṇa\" (inference) and \"śabda\" (\"āptavacana\", word/testimony of reliable sources).", "Samkhya __knowledge__ Sometimes described as one of the rationalist schools of Indian philosophy, this ancient school's reliance on reason was exclusive but strong.", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ The history of Chechnya may refer to the history of the Chechens, of their land Chechnya, or of the land of Ichkeria.", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ Chechen society has traditionally been organized around many autonomous local clans, called taips.", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ The traditional Chechen saying goes that the members of Chechen society, like its taips, are (ideally) \"free and equal like wolves\".", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ Jaimoukha notes in his book \"Chechens\" that sadly, \"Vainakh history is perhaps the most poorly studied of the peoples of the North Caucasus.", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ Much research effort was expended upon the Russo-Circassian war, most falsified at that.\"", "History of Chechnya __knowledge__ There was once a library of Chechen history scripts, written in Chechen (and possibly some in Georgian) using Arabic and Georgian script; however, this was destroyed by Stalin and wiped from record (see - 1944 Deportation; Aardakh).", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ They are identified by their use of Germanic languages, which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The term \"Germanic\" originated in classical times when groups of tribes living in Lower, Upper, and Greater Germania were referred to using this label by Roman scribes.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Roman use of the term \"Germanic\" was not necessarily based upon language, but referred to the tribal groups and alliances that lived in the regions of modern-day Luxembourg, Belgium, Northern France, Alsace, Poland, Austria, the Netherlands and Germany, and which were considered less civilized and more physically hardened than the Celtic Gauls.", "Isis __knowledge__ Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.", "Isis __knowledge__ Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BCE) as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her slain husband, the divine king Osiris, and produces and protects his heir, Horus.", "Isis __knowledge__ Her relations with humans were based on her behavior in the myth.", "Isis __knowledge__ She was believed to help the dead enter the afterlife as she had helped Osiris, she was considered the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was likened to Horus, and her maternal aid was invoked in healing spells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ De Oratore (\"On the Orator\"; not to be confused with \"Orator\") is a dialogue written by Cicero in 55 BCE.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ It is set in 91 BCE, when Lucius Licinius Crassus dies, just before the Social War and the civil war between Marius and Sulla, during which Marcus Antonius Orator, the other great orator of this dialogue, dies.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ During this year, the author faces a difficult political situation: after his return from exile in Dyrrachium (modern Albania), his house was destroyed by the gangs of Clodius in a time when violence was common.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ This was intertwined with the street politics of Rome.", "De Oratore __knowledge__ Amidst the moral and political decadence of the state, Cicero wrote \"De Oratore\" to describe the ideal orator and imagine him as a moral guide of the state.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the universe of Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10\" franchise, which includes \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Portrayed by: Benjamin Kirby \"Ben\" Tennyson (alias \"Ben 10\") is the main character of the franchise.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He is a 10-year-old boy child from Bellwood who found the Omnitrix during his summer vacation with his Grandfather Max Tennyson and his cousin Gwen Tennyson.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ The Omnitrix attached to his wrist and gives him the powers and abilities to become different aliens.", "List of Ben 10 characters __knowledge__ He uses these powers to defeat evil while trying to escape the alien warlord Vilgax, who chases after him unstoppably in order to retrieve the Omnitrix.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga is a slow-paced style of yoga with postures, or \"asanas\", that are held for longer periods of time—for beginners, it may range from 45 seconds to two minutes; more advanced practitioners may stay in one \"asana\" for five minutes or more.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga poses apply moderate stress to the connective tissues of the body—the tendons, fascia, and ligaments—with the aim of increasing circulation in the joints and improving flexibility.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ A more meditative approach to yoga, yin aims at cultivating awareness of inner silence, and bringing to light a universal, interconnecting quality.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga's teaching in the Western world, beginning in the late 1970s, was founded by martial arts expert and Taoist yoga teacher Paulie Zink.", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ Siddha Yoga is a spiritual path founded by Muktananda (1908–1982).", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ The present spiritual head of the Siddha Yoga path is Gurumayi Chidvilasananda.", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ A fundamental characteristic of the Siddha Yoga path is shaktipat-diksha, literally translated as “initiation by descent of divine power,” through which a seeker’s Kundalini Shakti is awakened by the Guru.", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ Once active, this inner power is said to support the seeker’s steady efforts to attain self-realization.", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ Ashrams and meditation centers provide places to learn and practice Siddha Yoga.", "Siddha Yoga __knowledge__ The two main ashrams are: Gurudev Siddha Peeth in Ganeshpuri, India, and Shree Muktananda Ashram in upstate New York.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Kundalini __knowledge__ Kundalini (Sanskrit: \"\", , \"coiled one\"), in the concept of Dharma, refers to a form of primal energy (or \"shakti\") said to be located at the base of the spine.", "Kundalini __knowledge__ Writer Joseph Campbell describes the concept of Kundalini as \"the figure of a coiled female serpent—a serpent goddess not of \"gross\" but \"subtle\" substance—which is to be thought of as residing in a torpid, slumbering state in a subtle center, the first of the seven, near the base of the spine: the aim of the yoga then being to rouse this serpent, lift her head, and bring her up a subtle nerve or channel of the spine to the so-called \"thousand-petaled lotus\" (Sahasrara) at the crown of the head...She, rising from the lowest to the highest lotus center will pass through and wake the five between, and with each waking, the psychology and personality of the practitioner will be altogether and fundamentally transformed.\"", "Chakra __knowledge__ Chakra (IAST: C̣akra, meaning \"wheel, circle\"), sometimes spelled Cakra or Cakka, is any center of subtle body believed to be a psychic-energy center in the esoteric traditions of Indian religions.", "Chakra __knowledge__ The concept is found particularly in the tantric traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.", "Chakra __knowledge__ They are conceived as an energy focal point, bodily functions or psychic node in the subtle body.", "Chakra __knowledge__ The Chakra theories are an elaborate part of the Kundalini system.", "Chakra __knowledge__ These theories differ between the Indian religions, with esoteric Buddhist literature mentioning four Chakras, while esoteric Hindu texts stating seven." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 9 ]	[ "Do you practice Yoga? THere are different types including physical, spiritual, and mental practices.", "I have enjoyed learning more about it. Yoga has a broad variety of schools, goals, and practices in Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism.", "Its all speculation but Yoga can be traced back to around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE. Its crazy to think how long ago that is.", "The texts that chronicle yoga practices is vague and unclear. ", "Definitely does. Yoga became popular in the Western world in 1980's. Its become a popular physical exercise." ]	[ "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga" ]
[ "Dog\nMan I love my little dog. He's a pug named Juble.", "He's an excellent companion dog. HE likes to get into mishcief, but not the kind of mischief where he destroys things!", "Maybe for the some of the chewing and he definitely needs additional house-training.", "He's trained for No.1, but not No.2, if you catch my drift. He just seems to want to do that inside for some reason", "He likes to jump over things. You know, like a dog show? HE loves jumping over obstacles I set up in front of him." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Pug __knowledge__ The Pug is a breed of dog with physically distinctive features of a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail.", "Pug __knowledge__ The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colours, most often fawn or black, and a compact square body with well-developed muscles.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.", "Pug __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs.", "Ethel Skinner __knowledge__ Ethel Skinner is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Gretchen Franklin.", "Ethel Skinner __knowledge__ Ethel also features in a 1988 \"EastEnders\" special, entitled \"CivvyStreet\", set on Albert Square during the Second World War, played by Alison Bettles.", "Ethel Skinner __knowledge__ Ethel is an \"EastEnders\" original character and in the early years she can always be found wandering the square with her adored pug Willy.", "Ethel Skinner __knowledge__ She and Dot Cotton (June Brown) are lifelong friends, and although they wind each other up, they are completely dependent on each other.", "Ethel Skinner __knowledge__ In fact Ethel trusts Dot so much that she even asks her to help her die in 2000, after she is diagnosed with inoperable cancer.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Joe Pug (born Joseph Pugliese, April 20, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter from Greenbelt, Maryland.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ He has released two EPs, as well as the albums \"Messenger\", \"The Great Despiser\" and \"Windfall\".", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ While working as a carpenter in Chicago after dropping out of the University of North Carolina, Pug wrote and recorded what would eventually become his debut EP, \"Nation of Heat.\"", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Its literate lyrics received widespread acclaim and Pug's unorthodox promotional strategy of distributing free CDs to anyone interested in sharing his music resulted in the EP selling over 20,000 copies.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ After touring with Steve Earle in 2009, Pug was signed by Nashville indie label Lightning Rod Records and released \"Messenger\" in 2010.", "Frères des Hommes __knowledge__ Frères des Hommes France (FdH) -Brothers of Men in English- is a secular non-profit aid organization.", "Frères des Hommes __knowledge__ It was recognized as promoting the public interest in 1998 and involves 250 members and 250 volunteers spread within 13 local teams.", "Frères des Hommes __knowledge__ Frères des Hommes supports projects of sustainable development in Asia, Africa and Latin America on the following issues: small-scale agriculture, social economy and democratic citizenship.", "Frères des Hommes __knowledge__ Frères des Hommes’ story starts in India in 1965, in Calcutta.", "Frères des Hommes __knowledge__ Impressed by the deplorable spectacle of this “capital of misery” Armand Marquisel decides to create, once he is back in France, the NGO Frères des Hommes.", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ Frank the Pug is a fictional character from the movie \"Men in Black\", its sequel, its , and the video game \"\".", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ Within the films, Frank has the appearance of a normal pug dog, but he is actually an extraterrestrial in disguise (a Remoolian).", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ Frank is played in both movies by a trained pug named Mushu with Tim Blaney providing his voice in the first two movies and the video game.", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ In The Series, the voice is provided by Eddie Barth.", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ In the first film, Frank the Pug appears at a small kiosk next to a man selling keys.", "Frank the Pug __knowledge__ His first line is spoken when J says \"Now that's the worst disguise ever\", referring to the man sitting next to Frank, to which Frank replies \"If you don't like it, you can kiss my furry little butt!\"", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ Lucky Ducky is a 1948 American animated cartoon from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ It was directed by Tex Avery, animated by Walt Clinton (here credited as Walter Clinton), Preston Blair, Louie Schmitt, and Grant Simmons, and musical direction by Scott Bradley.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This short was originally in development as a \"George and Junior\" entry, but was ultimately produced with two random dog characters.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ This is the last MGM cartoon in black and white, and this is the only gag in black and white.", "Lucky Ducky (film) __knowledge__ The foreword of the cartoon tells: \"Dedicated\" \"to those duck hunters\" \"who leave at dawn\" \"with loaded gun...\" \"and come home late loaded...\" Many ducks are swimming and flying around a pond.", "Cracon du Nez (Montana) __knowledge__ The Cracon du Nez (also known as Gross Condunez) occasionally also misspelled (on Google Maps and Google Earth) as the Crocon du Nez, is a sharp sided ridge that divides the Teton River and the Missouri River in Chouteau County, Montana (47.874719° -110.598212°), at a point where the increasing erosion at a large bend of the Missouri River has caused the two rivers to be a mere third of a mile (about 650 yards) apart.", "Cracon du Nez (Montana) __knowledge__ The Cracon du Nez ridge is an example of Missouri River stream bank erosion developing toward a future \"stream capture\" of the Teton River flow.", "Cracon du Nez (Montana) __knowledge__ A trail runs along the top of the ridge, where in 1865 Little Dog, a chief of the Piegan Blackfoot tribe was ambushed and killed by rebellious and jealous warriors from his own Piegan band." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Companion dog __knowledge__ Companion dog usually describes a dog that does not work, providing only companionship as a pet, rather than usefulness by doing specific tasks.", "Companion dog __knowledge__ Many of the toy dog breeds are used only for the pleasure of their company, not as workers.", "Companion dog __knowledge__ Any dog can be a companion dog, and many working types such as retrievers are enjoyed primarily for their friendly nature as a family pet, as are mixed breed dogs.", "Companion dog __knowledge__ The American Kennel Club also offers a Companion dog title for judged dog obedience competitions.", "Companion dog __knowledge__ Breed groups argue that any dog in the working group type is inherently a \"working\" dog, while others argue that only a dog with an active occupation, either in a breed-related field (such as water trials for retrievers or herding trials for herding dogs) or in a breed-nonspecific field that requires training and discipline, such as being assistance dogs or participating in dog agility, can be considered a working dog.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ An obedience trial is a dog sport in which a dog must perfectly execute a predefined set of tasks when directed to do so by his handler.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ According to the American Kennel Club (AKC) obedience regulations The basic objective of obedience trials, however, is to recognize dogs that have been trained to behave in the home, in public places, and in the presence of other dogs, in a manner that will reflect credit on the sport of obedience at all times and under all conditions.", "Obedience trial __knowledge__ Training a dog to participate in AKC obedience trials increases a dog's understanding and reliability in responding to commands such as \"sit\", \"down\", \"stay\", \"come\", and \"heel.\"", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience implies compliance with the direction or command given by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ For a dog to be considered obedient rather than simply trained in obedience, it must respond reliably each time its handler gives a command.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Training a dog in obedience can be an ongoing and lengthy process depending on the dog, the methods used, and the skill and understanding of both the trainer and the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ The level of obedience the handler wishes to achieve with the dog is also a major factor in the time involved, as is the commitment to training by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience training is often a prerequisite for or component of other training.", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ \"Modern Family\", an American TV comedy series, revolves around three families that are interrelated through Jay Pritchett, his son Mitchell Pritchett, and his daughter Claire Dunphy.", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ The families meet for family functions, around the neighborhood, and cross-family bonding.", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ Philip Humphrey \"Phil\" Dunphy (Ty Burrell) is Claire's husband of 20 years who sees himself as the \"cool dad.\"", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ He dotes on his wife Claire and constantly tries to find ways to bond with his three kids.", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ He is seen as very competitive, one example being his nature of always beating his son at basketball.", "List of Modern Family characters __knowledge__ He has a very juvenile attitude, and is referred to by Claire as the \"kid [she's] married to.\"", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ The is a small to medium breed of dog of the Spitz type.", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ The Japanese Spitz is a companion dog and pet.", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ There are varying standards around the world as to the ideal size of the breed, but they are always larger than their smaller cousins, the Pomeranian.", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ They were developed in Japan in the 1920s and 1930s by breeding a number of other Spitz type dog breeds together.", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ They are recognized by the vast majority of the major kennel clubs, except the American Kennel Club due to it being similar appearance to the white Pomeranian dog, American Eskimo Dog and Samoyed Dog.", "Japanese Spitz __knowledge__ While they are a relatively new breed, they are becoming widely popular due to their favorable temperament and other features.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Toy dog traditionally refers to a very small dog or a grouping of small and very small breeds of dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ A toy dog may be of any of various dog types.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Types of dogs referred to as toy dogs may include Spaniels, Pinschers and Terriers that have been bred down in size.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Not all toy dogs are lapdogs, although that is an important and ancient type of toy dog.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ The very smallest toy dogs are sometimes called \"teacup\" size, although no major dog registry recognizes that term.", "Toy dog __knowledge__ Dogs referred to as toy or teacup dogs, are dogs found in the \"Toy Group\" of breed registries, may be of the very ancient lapdog type, or they may be small versions of hunting dogs or working dogs, bred down in size for a particular kind of work or to create a pet of convenient size.", "Pug __knowledge__ The Pug is a breed of dog with physically distinctive features of a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail.", "Pug __knowledge__ The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colours, most often fawn or black, and a compact square body with well-developed muscles.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.", "Pug __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.", "Pug __knowledge__ Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Joe Pug (born Joseph Pugliese, April 20, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter from Greenbelt, Maryland.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ He has released two EPs, as well as the albums \"Messenger\", \"The Great Despiser\" and \"Windfall\".", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ While working as a carpenter in Chicago after dropping out of the University of North Carolina, Pug wrote and recorded what would eventually become his debut EP, \"Nation of Heat.\"", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Its literate lyrics received widespread acclaim and Pug's unorthodox promotional strategy of distributing free CDs to anyone interested in sharing his music resulted in the EP selling over 20,000 copies.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ After touring with Steve Earle in 2009, Pug was signed by Nashville indie label Lightning Rod Records and released \"Messenger\" in 2010." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Its texture is reminiscent of rubber because of the physical-chemical properties of its polymer, plasticizer, and resin components, which contribute to its elastic-plastic, sticky, chewy characteristics.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ The cultural tradition of chewing gum seems to have developed through a convergent evolution process, as traces of this habit have arisen separately in many of the early civilizations.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ Shingay cum Wendy is a civil parish in the English county of Cambridgeshire, around 5 miles north west of Royston.", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ Forming part of the district of South Cambridgeshire's Bassingbourn Ward the parish's main settlements are Shingay and Wendy.", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ As Shingay cum Wendy has a low number of electors the affairs of the parish are run by the parish meeting system.", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ The parish historically consisted of two separate parishes: Shingay and Wendy.", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ The two were united in 1957 to form the present civil parish which covers an area of .", "Shingay cum Wendy __knowledge__ The parish's straight eastern boundary with Whaddon follows the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198), and its northern boundary with Croydon and Arrington follows the winding course of the River Cam.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ Definitely Maybe is the debut studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 29 August 1994 by Creation Records.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It was an immediate commercial and critical success in the UK, having followed on the heels of singles \"Supersonic\", \"Shakermaker\" and \"Live Forever\".", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It is their only full album to feature original drummer Tony McCarroll.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ \"Definitely Maybe\" went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart on initial release.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It was the fastest selling debut album of all time in the UK when it was released and went on to be certified 7× Platinum (2.1 million+ sales) by the BPI.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ \"Definitely Maybe\" marked the beginning of Oasis' success in America, selling over one million copies there, despite only peaking at 58 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Shingay __knowledge__ Shingay is a hamlet in the civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy in South Cambridgeshire, England around 5 miles north west of Royston.", "Shingay __knowledge__ Shingay was a separate parish until 1957 when it was merged with neighbouring Wendy to form the present civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy.", "Shingay __knowledge__ The historical parish covered an area of .", "Shingay __knowledge__ Its northern border with Croydon (formerly Croydon-cum-Clapton) followed the River Cam, and its eastern border with Wendy was marked by the North Ditch.", "Shingay __knowledge__ Its southern border with Abington Pigotts also largely followed drainage channels, and its western border with Steeple Morden followed field boundaries marked by Shingay Gate Farm.", "Wendy, Cambridgeshire __knowledge__ Wendy is a hamlet in the civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy in South Cambridgeshire, England around 5 miles north west of Royston.", "Wendy, Cambridgeshire __knowledge__ Wendy was a separate parish until 1957 when it was merged with neighbouring Shingay to form the present civil parish of Shingay cum Wendy.", "Wendy, Cambridgeshire __knowledge__ The historical parish covered an area of .", "Wendy, Cambridgeshire __knowledge__ Its northern border with Croydon (formerly Croydon-cum-Clapton) and Arrington followed the River Cam, and its western border with Wendy was marked by the North Ditch.", "Wendy, Cambridgeshire __knowledge__ The parish's straight eastern boundary with Whaddon follows the Roman Ermine Street (now the A1198), and its southern border with Bassingbourn and Abington Pigotts largely follow field boundaries.", "Harley-Davidson FL __knowledge__ The Harley-Davidson FL is a model designation used on Harley-Davidson motorcycles since 1941.", "Harley-Davidson FL __knowledge__ The FL prefix is mostly applied to Harley-Davidson's large-framed bikes, including the current Touring series, and also the Softail series, especially those with traditional styling, 16-inch front wheels, and either Springer forks or large-diameter telescopic front forks.", "Harley-Davidson FL __knowledge__ The FL was introduced to the Harley-Davidson model line in 1941.", "Harley-Davidson FL __knowledge__ It used a version of the \"Knucklehead\" OHV engine that powered the EL in form.", "Harley-Davidson FL __knowledge__ The FL shared its frame with the EL and with the U and UL, which used a 74 cubic inch flathead engine.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience implies compliance with the direction or command given by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ For a dog to be considered obedient rather than simply trained in obedience, it must respond reliably each time its handler gives a command.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Training a dog in obedience can be an ongoing and lengthy process depending on the dog, the methods used, and the skill and understanding of both the trainer and the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ The level of obedience the handler wishes to achieve with the dog is also a major factor in the time involved, as is the commitment to training by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience training is often a prerequisite for or component of other training.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Joe Pug (born Joseph Pugliese, April 20, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter from Greenbelt, Maryland.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ He has released two EPs, as well as the albums \"Messenger\", \"The Great Despiser\" and \"Windfall\".", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ While working as a carpenter in Chicago after dropping out of the University of North Carolina, Pug wrote and recorded what would eventually become his debut EP, \"Nation of Heat.\"", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ Its literate lyrics received widespread acclaim and Pug's unorthodox promotional strategy of distributing free CDs to anyone interested in sharing his music resulted in the EP selling over 20,000 copies.", "Joe Pug __knowledge__ After touring with Steve Earle in 2009, Pug was signed by Nashville indie label Lightning Rod Records and released \"Messenger\" in 2010.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ The body language of dogs is one form of non-verbal communication whereby dogs can express emotions and intentions through bodily movements.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ It refers to the interpretation of posture and behaviour of species in the genus Canis.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ This form of visual communication is generally used for identifying emotions and intentions of domestic dogs, though it can also be applied to wild canines such as wolves.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ Understanding the body language of dogs is particularly important in preventing dog bites, especially of children.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ This communication can occur between dogs, or during a dog-human interaction.", "Body language of dogs __knowledge__ Such movements primarily involve the tail, the ears, and the head/body.", "Betrayal at Krondor __knowledge__ Betrayal at Krondor is an MS-DOS-based role-playing video game developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line in the summer of 1993; it was re-released in 2010 on GOG.com with support for Windows.", "Betrayal at Krondor __knowledge__ \"Betrayal at Krondor\" takes place largely in Midkemia, the fantasy world developed by Raymond E. Feist in his \"Riftwar\" novels.", "Betrayal at Krondor __knowledge__ The game is designed to resemble a book, separated into chapters and narrated in the third-person with a quick-save bookmark feature.", "Betrayal at Krondor __knowledge__ Although neither the dialog nor narrative were written by Feist himself, the game is considered canon, having been novelized as \"\" five years later.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ An obedience school is an institution that trains pets (particularly dogs) how to behave properly.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ When puppies are young and in the first stages of training, they are often taken by their owners to obedience schools.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ Training usually takes place in small groups.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ In addition to training pets themselves, obedience schools also teach pet owners how to train, praise, and scold their pets themselves.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ Schools can teach at a various set of levels, ranging from the very basics for puppies to more advanced for competition level dogs.", "Obedience school __knowledge__ Most training in schools however, focuses on making dogs listen through basic commands such as sit, stay, lie down, etc.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ The use of dogs in search and rescue (SAR) is a valuable component in wilderness tracking, natural disasters, mass casualty events, and in locating missing people.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Dedicated handlers and well-trained dogs are required for the use of dogs to be effective in search efforts.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Search and rescue dogs are typically worked, by a small team on foot.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Search and rescue dogs detect human scent.", "Search and rescue dog __knowledge__ Although the exact processes are still researched, it may include skin rafts (scent-carrying skin cells that drop off living humans at a rate of about 40,000 cells per minute), evaporated perspiration, respiratory gases, or decomposition gases released by bacterial action on human skin or tissues.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ Midkemia is a fictional world created by a fantasy role-playing group and popularized by Raymond E. Feist, and where most of his Riftwar books take place.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ Only the Empire Trilogy, which was co-written with Janny Wurts, takes place entirely on Kelewan, another world connected to Midkemia by magically created rifts in space.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ Midkemia is very similar to Earth in climate, and its flora and fauna.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ It has three continents: Triagia, Novindus and Wiñet.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ It has two oceans, though there are various names for them depending on the continent or nation.", "Midkemia __knowledge__ The Endless Sea is west of Triagia and is east of Novindus where it is called the Blue Sea." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Drift netting __knowledge__ Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, hang vertically in the water column without being anchored to the bottom.", "Drift netting __knowledge__ The nets are kept vertical in the water by floats attached to a rope along the top of the net and weights attached to another rope along the bottom of the net.", "Drift netting __knowledge__ Drift nets generally rely on the entanglement properties of loosely affixed netting.", "Drift netting __knowledge__ Folds of loose netting, much like a window drapery, snag on a fish's tail and fins and wrap the fish up in loose netting as it struggles to escape.", "Drift netting __knowledge__ However the nets can also function as gill nets if fish are captured when their gills get stuck in the net.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, 1st Baronet, (5 May 1864 – 22 June 1922) was one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War and was briefly an Irish unionist politician.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ Wilson served as Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley, and then as Director of Military Operations at the War Office, in which post he played a vital role in drawing up plans to deploy an Expeditionary Force to France in the event of war.", "Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet __knowledge__ During these years Wilson acquired a reputation as a political intriguer for his role in agitating for the introduction of conscription and in the Curragh incident of 1914, when he encouraged senior officers to resign rather than move against the Ulster Volunteers (UVF).", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Toby Flenderson, M.S.W.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ (born in 1971) is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series, \"The Office\".", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ He is portrayed by the show's writer, director, producer and showrunner Paul Lieberstein, and is an original character with no equivalent in The Office (UK TV series).", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Toby Flenderson is the human resources representative for the Scranton branch of paper distributor Dunder Mifflin/Sabre.", "Toby Flenderson __knowledge__ Mild-mannered to the point of being physically incapable to voice his opinions or assert himself, Toby can be somewhat mournful about his life choices (he fell into the field of Human Resources after leaving his training at seminary in order to pursue the woman he'd later marry and painfully divorce).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ Eric Foreman, M.D., is a fictional character on the Fox medical drama \"House\".", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ He is portrayed by Omar Epps.", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ A neurologist, Foreman was a member of Dr. Gregory House's handpicked team of specialists at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital's Diagnostic Medicine Department.", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ He was hired by House merely three days prior to the series' pilot episode (as implied in a deleted scene of the pilot).", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ Foreman attended Columbia University as an undergraduate before matriculating at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.", "Eric Foreman __knowledge__ In the pilot episode, he mentioned he had a 4.0 GPA through medical school, a fact confirmed by Dr. James Wilson in \"Histories\".", "Carnival in the Netherlands __knowledge__ Carnival (; also called \"vastenavond\" – eve of the fasting or ) is a festival held throughout the Netherlands, mainly in the Southern regions, with an emphasis on role-reversal and suspension of social norms.", "Carnival in the Netherlands __knowledge__ The feast was assimilated by the Catholic Church, taking elements from ancient pagan spring festivals and is celebrated in the three days preceding the Christian holidays of Ash Wednesday and Lent.", "Carnival in the Netherlands __knowledge__ From an anthropological point of view, Carnaval is a reversal ritual, in which social roles are reversed and norms about desired behavior are suspended.", "Carnival in the Netherlands __knowledge__ Winter was thought of as the reign of the winter spirits that were to be driven out for the summer to return.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Star Cops __knowledge__ Star Cops is a British science fiction television series first broadcast on BBC2 in 1987.", "Star Cops __knowledge__ It was devised by Chris Boucher, a writer who had previously worked on the science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\" and \"Blake's 7\" as well as crime dramas such as \"Juliet Bravo\" and \"Bergerac\".", "Star Cops __knowledge__ Set in the year 2027, a time where Interplanetary travel has become commonplace, it starred David Calder as Nathan Spring, commander of the International Space Police Force—nicknamed the “Star Cops\"—who provide law enforcement for the newly developing colonies of the Solar System.", "Star Cops __knowledge__ The series follows Nathan Spring and the rest of his multinational team as they work to establish the Star Cops and solve whatever crimes come their way." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "History of dog agility __knowledge__ The history of dog agility can be traced to a demonstration in the late 1970s in the United Kingdom.", "History of dog agility __knowledge__ It has since spread rapidly around the world, with major competitions held worldwide.", "History of dog agility __knowledge__ The first widely documented appearance of dog agility was as entertainment at the Crufts dog show in 1978.", "History of dog agility __knowledge__ John Varley, a committee member from the 1977 show, was tasked with coming up with entertainment for the audience between the obedience and conformation competitions in the main ring.", "History of dog agility __knowledge__ Varley asked dog trainer Peter Meanwell for assistance, and they presented a largely jumping-style course resembling something from the equestrian world to demonstrate dogs' natural speed and agility.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ Various obstacles are found in competitive sports involving horse jumping.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ These include show jumping, hunter, and the cross-country phase of the equestrian discipline of eventing.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ The size and type of obstacles vary depending on the course and the level of the horse and rider, but all horses must successfully negotiate these obstacles in order to complete a competition.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ Fences used in hunter and eventing are generally made to look relatively rustic and natural.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ In jumping competition, they are often brightly colored and creatively designed.", "Horse jumping obstacles __knowledge__ In hunter and jumper competition, obstacles are constructed to fall down if struck by the horse.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Dog agility is a dog sport in which a handler directs a dog through an obstacle course in a race for both time and accuracy.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Dogs run off leash with no food or toys as incentives, and the handler can touch neither dog nor obstacles.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ Consequently, the handler's controls are limited to voice, movement, and various body signals, requiring exceptional training of the animal and coordination of the handler.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ In its simplest form, an agility course consists of a set of standard obstacles laid out by a judge in a design of his or her own choosing in an area of a specified size.", "Dog agility __knowledge__ The surface may be of grass, dirt, rubber, or special matting.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation show, also referred to as a \"breed show\", is a kind of dog show in which a judge familiar with a specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs \"conform\" to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation championship from a recognized national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by some number of different judges on some number of separate occasions.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in the British series of children's books, \"Horrid Henry\", written by Francesca Simon.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ It also includes names from the CITV TV series of the same name.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ Aerobic Al is an extremely athletic boy, who is often displayed engaging in various athletic endavours.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He has blonde hair and is shown to be one of Henry's close friends.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He is often seen with Ralph and Bert.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He loves Fuzzy Gumball Sweets as shown in Horrid Henry's Sports Day.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He wears a white shirt with blue collars and shorts, and teal keds.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ In the TV series, he speaks with a Birmingham accent and is voiced by Wayne Forester.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ List of characters appearing in the animated television series \"Drawn Together\".", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ All eight of the four main housemates have physically appeared in every episode and the movie.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ However, there have been certain episodes where some of them have had no lines of dialogue.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ Toot didn't speak in the episodes \"Foxxy VS the Board of Education\" and \"Nipple Ring-Ring Goes to Foster Care.\"", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ Clara and Xandir didn't speak in \"Breakfast Food Killer\" and Ling-Ling had no dialogue in the episodes \"Dirty Pranking No.", "List of Drawn Together characters __knowledge__ 2,\" \"A Tale of Two Cows,\" \"The Drawn Together Clip Show,\" \"Spelling Applebee's\" and \"Unrestrainable Trainable.\"", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Twelve houseguests were announced to be competing in the fourteenth edition of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\" were announced on July 5, 2012.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Each week, one or more of the houseguests are evicted by votes by the remaining houseguests until the winner is left.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Four former houseguests were added to the season as coaches.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ On Day 27, the coaches entered the game as HouseGuests.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Ashley Iocco (born October 30, 1985), 31, originally from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is the owner of a mobile spray-tanning company in West Hollywood, California called Bronzique.", "List of Big Brother 14 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Ashley describes herself as vivacious, loving, charismatic, and enthusiastic.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attending physicians, as they develop into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ The title is a play on \"Gray's Anatomy\", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray.", "Grey's Anatomy __knowledge__ Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series; she is also one of the executive producers, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!" ] ]	[ 13, 28, 0, 0, 29 ]	[ "How is your pug around others? I bet he's a great companion dog.", "Have you ever thought about obedience training or any kind of training for your pug?", "What kind of house training does he need? Sometimes they can just get into the worst things.", "Oh no! That could be the worst. What is your favorite activity to do with him?", "Have you ever thought about training him for dog agility? Racing through an obstacle course." ]	[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]
[ "Novel\nI really like reading. I'm currently reading Ender's game right now. Do you like reading?", "I think some can be really be boring like Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice but it really just depends on the genre. I really like sci-fi and mystery novels. ", "Interesting. What makes the novel formal?", "I'm not sure I would read that book. It doesn't sound that interesting!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa, or chinook wawa) is a revived American indigenous language originating as a pidgin trade language in the Pacific Northwest, and spreading during the 19th century from the lower Columbia River, first to other areas in modern Oregon and Washington, then British Columbia and as far as Alaska and Yukon Territory, sometimes taking on characteristics of a creole language.", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ It is related to, but not the same as, the aboriginal language of the Chinook people, upon which much of its vocabulary is based.", "Chinook Jargon __knowledge__ Many words from Chinook Jargon remain in common use in the Western United States, British Columbia and the Yukon, in indigenous languages as well as regional English usage, to the point where most people are unaware the word was originally from the Jargon.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ Like nouns in many Native American languages, the Tlingit noun is easily conceptualized but difficult to formally define.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ It can be simple or compound, and can be derived from verb forms as well as other nouns.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ It is marked for case, but not normally for number.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ Noun possession divides all nouns into two open classes of possessable and unpossessable nouns, and the possessable nouns are further divided based on their alienability.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ The concept of a noun is fairly well defined for Indo-European languages, as well as many other language families.", "Tlingit noun __knowledge__ However, it is not so clear for many Native American language families, particularly the Na-Dené family.", "Ender's Game __knowledge__ Ender's Game is a 1985 military science fiction novel by American author Orson Scott Card.", "Ender's Game __knowledge__ Set at an unspecified date in Earth's future, the novel presents an imperiled mankind after two conflicts with the \"buggers\", an insectoid alien species.", "Ender's Game __knowledge__ In preparation for an anticipated third invasion, children, including the novel's protagonist, Ender Wiggin, are trained from a very young age through increasingly difficult games including some in zero gravity, where Ender's tactical genius is revealed.", "Ender's Game __knowledge__ The book originated as the short story \"Ender's Game\", published in the August 1977 issue of \"Analog Science Fiction and Fact\".", "Ender Wiggin __knowledge__ Andrew \"Ender\" Wiggin is a fictional character from Orson Scott Card's 1985 science fiction novel \"Ender's Game\" and its sequels (\"Speaker for the Dead\", \"Xenocide\", \"Children of the Mind\", \"Ender in Exile\"), as well as in the first part of the spin-off series, \"Ender's Shadow\".", "Ender Wiggin __knowledge__ The book series itself is an expansion, with some changes to detail, of Card's 1977 short story \"Ender's Game.\"", "Ender Wiggin __knowledge__ In the film adaptation of \"Ender's Game\", Ender is portrayed by Asa Butterfield.", "Ender Wiggin __knowledge__ In the first book of the series, \"Ender's Game\", Ender is the youngest and most intelligent of three children; his parents conceived him contrary to the state's strict two-child policy.", "Ender's Game (series) __knowledge__ The Ender's Game\" series (often referred to as the Ender\" saga and also the Enderverse) is a series of science fiction books written by American author Orson Scott Card.", "Ender's Game (series) __knowledge__ The series started with the novelette \"Ender's Game\", which was later expanded into the novel of the same title.", "Ender's Game (series) __knowledge__ It currently consists of sixteen novels, thirteen short stories, 47 comic issues, an audioplay, and a film.", "Ender's Game (series) __knowledge__ The first two novels in the series, \"Ender's Game\" and \"Speaker for the Dead\", each won both the Hugo and Nebula Awards, and were among the most influential science fiction novels of the 1980s.", "Ender's Game (series) __knowledge__ The series is set in a future where mankind is facing annihilation by an aggressive alien society, an insect-like race known formally as \"Formics\", but more colloquially as \"Buggers\".", "Ender's Game (film) __knowledge__ Ender's Game is a 2013 American military science fiction action film based on the novel of the same name by Orson Scott Card.", "Ender's Game (film) __knowledge__ Written and directed by Gavin Hood, the film stars Asa Butterfield as Andrew \"Ender\" Wiggin, an unusually gifted child who is sent to an advanced military academy in outer space to prepare for a future alien invasion.", "Ender's Game (film) __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Harrison Ford, Hailee Steinfeld, Viola Davis, with Abigail Breslin, and Ben Kingsley.", "Ender's Game (film) __knowledge__ The film was released in Germany on October 24, 2013, followed by a release in the United Kingdom and Ireland one day later.", "Ender's Game (film) __knowledge__ It was released in the United States, Canada, and several other countries on November 1, 2013, and was released in other territories by January 2014.", "First Meetings __knowledge__ First Meetings (2002) is a collection of Orson Scott Card's short stories from the \"Ender's Game\" series.", "First Meetings __knowledge__ Tor Books republished the book in 2003 under the titles \"First Meetings in the Enderverse\" and \"First Meetings in Ender's Universe\" and included the more recent \"Teacher's Pest\", a story about the first meeting of Ender's parents.", "First Meetings __knowledge__ The stories in this book are: Polish: Jan Paweł Wieczorek (John Paul Wiggin) is a very smart child who is being homeschooled because his family refused to comply with the population's control laws.", "First Meetings __knowledge__ One day, Captain Helena Rudolf from the International Fleet shows up to test three of John Paul's brothers for possible admission into Battle School." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ The author Jane Austen, as well as her works, have been represented in popular culture in a variety of forms.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose social commentary and masterly use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made her one of the most influential and honoured novelists in English literature.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ In popular culture, Austen's novels and her personal life have been adapted into book illustration (starting in 1833), dramatizations (starting in 1895), Hollywood film (starting in 1940), television (starting in 1938), and professional theatre (starting in 1901), with adaptations varying greatly in their faithfulness to the original.", "The Thirteenth Tale __knowledge__ The Thirteenth Tale (2006) by Diane Setterfield is a gothic suspense novel, the author's first published book.", "The Thirteenth Tale __knowledge__ Vida Winter, a famous novelist in England, has evaded journalists' questions about her past, refusing to answer their inquiries and spinning elaborate tales that they later discover to be false.", "The Thirteenth Tale __knowledge__ Her entire life is a secret: and, for over fifty years, reporters and biographers have tried innumerable methods in an attempt to extract the truth from Winter.", "The Thirteenth Tale __knowledge__ With her health quickly fading, Winter enlists Margaret Lea, a bookish amateur biographer, to hear her story and write her biography.", "The Thirteenth Tale __knowledge__ With her own family secrets, Lea finds the process of unraveling the past for Winter bringing her to confront her own ghosts.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ Becoming Jane is a 2007 British-Irish biographical romantic drama film directed by Julian Jarrold.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ It depicts the early life of the English author Jane Austen and her lasting love for Thomas Langlois Lefroy.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ American actress Anne Hathaway stars as the title character, while her romantic interest is played by Scottish actor James McAvoy.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ Also appearing in the film are Julie Walters, James Cromwell and Maggie Smith.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ The film was produced in cooperation with several companies, including Ecosse Films and Blueprint Pictures.", "Becoming Jane __knowledge__ It also received funding from the Irish Film Board and the UK Film Council Premiere Fund.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ The Thursday Next series by Jasper Fforde currently consists of the novels \"The Eyre Affair\", \"Lost in a Good Book\", \"The Well of Lost Plots\", \"Something Rotten\", \"First Among Sequels\", \"One of Our Thursdays Is Missing\" and \"The Woman Who Died a Lot\".", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ In his seventies, Analogy is the head of the Swindon branch of SO-27, the LiteraTecs, and is therefore Thursday's immediate superior.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ An operative for SO-27, the LiteraTecs, assigned to the Swindon branch, and Thursday's partner after her transfer.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ In his thirties and with a slightly fussy, nervous edge to him, Bowden is intelligent and, at times, quite sly and cunning.", "Jane Eyre __knowledge__ Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë.", "Jane Eyre __knowledge__ It was published on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London, England, under the pen name \"Currer Bell\".", "Jane Eyre __knowledge__ The first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York.", "Jane Eyre __knowledge__ Primarily of the \"Bildungsroman\" genre, \"Jane Eyre\" follows the emotions and experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr. Rochester, the Byronic master of fictitious Thornfield Hall.", "Jane Eyre __knowledge__ In its internalisation of the action—the focus is on the gradual unfolding of Jane's moral and spiritual sensibility, and all the events are coloured by a heightened intensity that was previously the domain of poetry—\"Jane Eyre\" revolutionised the art of fiction.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality.", "Brontë family __knowledge__ Charlotte's \"Jane Eyre\" was the first to know success, while Emily's \"Wuthering Heights\", Anne's \"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall\" and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ Augustan prose is somewhat ill-defined, as the definition of \"\"Augustan\"\" relies primarily upon changes in taste in poetry.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ However, the general time represented by Augustan literature saw a rise in prose writing as high literature.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ The essay, satire, and dialogue (in philosophy and religion) thrived in the age, and the English novel was truly begun as a serious art form.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ At the outset of the Augustan age, essays were still primarily imitative, novels were few and still dominated by the Romance, and prose was a rarely used format for satire, but, by the end of the period, the English essay was a fully formed periodical feature, novels surpassed drama as entertainment and as an outlet for serious authors, and prose was serving every conceivable function in public discourse.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ On March 21, 1890, at a conference dedicated to the during the last civil war, Miguel de Unamuno delivered a lecture titled \"La última guerra carlista como materia poética\".", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It was probably the first ever attempt to examine the Carlist motive in literature, as for the previous 57 years the subject had been increasingly present in poetry, drama and novel.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ However, it remains paradoxical that when Unamuno was offering his analysis, the period of great Carlist role in letters was just about to begin.", "Carlism in literature __knowledge__ It lasted for some quarter of a century, as until the late 1910s Carlism remained a key theme of numerous monumental works of Spanish literature.", "Genre fiction __knowledge__ Genre fiction, also known as popular fiction, is plot-driven fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre, in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre.", "Genre fiction __knowledge__ Genre fiction is generally distinguished from literary fiction.", "Genre fiction __knowledge__ Some writing may be considered both literary and genre, such as the science fiction writing of Nobel laureate Doris Lessing and Margaret Atwood.", "Genre fiction __knowledge__ Georges Simenon, the creator of the Maigret detective novels, has been described by André Gide as 'the most novelistic of novelists in French literature'.", "Genre fiction __knowledge__ The main genres are crime, fantasy, romance, science fiction, western, inspirational and horror.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ Augustan literature (sometimes referred to misleadingly as Georgian literature) is a style of British literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century and ending in the 1740s, with the deaths of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, in 1744 and 1745, respectively.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ It was a literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel, an explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ In philosophy, it was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political economy, it marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy, the development of capitalism and the triumph of trade.", "English literature __knowledge__ This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States.", "English literature __knowledge__ However, until the early 19th century, it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "English literature __knowledge__ It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain.", "English literature __knowledge__ The English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years.", "English literature __knowledge__ The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "Hovak Galoyan __knowledge__ Hovak Galoyan (; born August 1, 1963), is an Armenian actor.", "Hovak Galoyan __knowledge__ In 2014, Galoyan was awarded with the title of Honored Artist of Armenia upon the decree of Armenian president Serzh Sargsyan.", "IP Pascal __knowledge__ IP Pascal is an implementation of the Pascal programming language using the IP portability platform, a multiple machine, operating system and language implementation system.", "IP Pascal __knowledge__ IP Pascal implements the language \"Pascaline\" (named after Blaise Pascal's calculator), which is a highly extended superset of ISO 7185 Pascal.", "IP Pascal __knowledge__ It adds modularity with namespace control, including the parallel tasking monitor concept, dynamic arrays, overloads and overrides, objects, and a host of other minor extensions to the language.", "IP Pascal __knowledge__ IP implements a porting platform, including a widget toolkit, TCP/IP library, MIDI and sound library and other functions, that allows both programs written under IP Pascal, and IP Pascal itself, to move to multiple operating systems and machines.", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ In linguistics and grammar, a quantifier is a type of determiner, such as \"all\", \"some\", \"many\", \"few\", \"a lot\", and \"no\", (but not numerals) that indicates quantity.", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ Quantification is also used in logic, where it is a formula constructor that produces new formulas from old ones.", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ Natural languages' determiners have been argued to correspond to logical quantifiers at the semantic level.", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ All known human languages make use of quantification (Wiese 2004).", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ For example, in English: The words in italics are quantifiers.", "Quantifier (linguistics) __knowledge__ There exists no simple way of reformulating any one of these expressions as a conjunction or disjunction of sentences, each a simple predicate of an individual such as \"That wine glass was chipped\".", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ This article compares two programming languages: C# with Java.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ While the focus of this article is mainly the languages and their features, such a comparison will necessarily also consider some features of platforms and libraries.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ For a more detailed comparison of the platforms, please see Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ C# and Java are similar languages that are typed statically, strongly, and manifestly.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ Both are object-oriented, and designed with semi-interpretation or runtime just-in-time compilation, and both are curly brace languages, like C and C++.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ Both languages are statically typed with class-based object orientation.", "Marikina–Infanta Highway __knowledge__ The Marikina–Infanta Highway, also known as the Marcos Highway or MARILAQUE Highway (MARILAQUE stands for Manila-Rizal-Laguna-Quezon), is a scenic mountain 110-kilometer highway that connects Metro Manila with Infanta, Quezon in the Philippines.", "Marikina–Infanta Highway __knowledge__ The highway starts in Marikina near Katipunan Avenue, the Loyola Heights segment of Circumferential Road 5, in Quezon City.", "Marikina–Infanta Highway __knowledge__ It traverses the Marikina Valley and passes through Antipolo, where it intersects the Sumulong Highway (at Masinag).", "Marikina–Infanta Highway __knowledge__ After Masinag the road starts its ascent towards the Sierra Madre passing through Tanay, Rizal, Santa Maria, Laguna, finally to Infanta, Quezon.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 __knowledge__ Norway was represented by 15-year-old Hanne Krogh, with the song '\"Lykken er\", at the 1971 Eurovision Song Contest, which took place on 3 April in Dublin.", "Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 __knowledge__ \"Lykken er\" was chosen as the Norwegian entry at the Melodi Grand Prix on 20 February.", "Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 __knowledge__ \"Lykken er\" marked Norway's return to Eurovision after their first of only two absences to date since their debut, when they were one of five nations to boycott the 1970 contest in protest at the four-way tie in 1969 and the fact that they (along with Finland and Sweden) considered that the voting system of the late 1960s tended to place the Nordic countries at a disadvantage.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris in the 18th century was the second-largest city in Europe, after London, with a population of about 600,000 persons.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ The century saw the construction of Place Vendôme, the Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the church of Les Invalides, and the Panthéon, and the founding of the Louvre Museum.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Paris witnessed the end of the reign of Louis XIV, was the center stage of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, saw the first manned flight, and was the birthplace of high fashion and the modern restaurant.", "Paris in the 18th century __knowledge__ Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians; when he was young he had been forced to flee the city twice, and he did not forget it.", "British literature __knowledge__ British literature is literature in the English language from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.", "British literature __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature is included, and there is some discussion of Latin and Anglo-Norman literature, where literature in these languages relate to the early development of the English language and literature.", "British literature __knowledge__ There is also some brief discussion of major figures who wrote in Scots, but the main discussion is in the various Scottish literature articles.", "British literature __knowledge__ The article Literature in the other languages of Britain focusses on the literatures written in the other languages that are, and have been, used in Britain.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ Augustan literature (sometimes referred to misleadingly as Georgian literature) is a style of British literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century and ending in the 1740s, with the deaths of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, in 1744 and 1745, respectively.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ It was a literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel, an explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration.", "Augustan literature __knowledge__ In philosophy, it was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political economy, it marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy, the development of capitalism and the triumph of trade.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Novel __knowledge__ A novel is any relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, and typically published as a book.", "Novel __knowledge__ The genre has been described as having \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years,\" with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella.", "Novel __knowledge__ The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.", "Novel __knowledge__ Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\", suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century.", "Novel __knowledge__ Miguel de Cervantes author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era.", "Novel __knowledge__ The romance is a closely related long prose narrative.", "Novel __knowledge__ Walter Scott defined it as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\", whereas in the novel \"the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\".", "Novel __knowledge__ However, many romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's \"Wuthering Heights\" and Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\", are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\".", "List of Grand Theft Auto IV characters __knowledge__ A number of recurring characters appear in the video game \"Grand Theft Auto IV\", set in 2008.", "List of Grand Theft Auto IV characters __knowledge__ The characters that appear in \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" are relatively diverse and relative to the respective boroughs of Liberty City they are based in, belonging to various gangs and ethnic groups.", "List of Grand Theft Auto IV characters __knowledge__ The player controls Niko Bellic, an immigrant from Eastern Europe.", "List of Grand Theft Auto IV characters __knowledge__ According to Dan Houser, \"virtually none of the characters from the previous games returned, as the \"GTA IV\" era is set in a parallel universe compared to the \"GTA III\" era.", "List of Grand Theft Auto IV characters __knowledge__ Unlike previous games in the series, the voice actors of \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" do not include notable and high-profile celebrities, instead opting for lesser known actors such as Michael Hollick, Jason Zumwalt, Tony Patellis, Moti Margolin, Ryan Johnston, Thomas Lyons, Frank Bonsangue, Timothy Adams and Coolie Ranx.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Acharei Mot __knowledge__ Acharei Mot (also Aharei Mot, or Aharei Mos) (, Hebrew for \"after the death\") is the 29th weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Acharei Mot __knowledge__ It is the sixth weekly portion (, \"parashah\") in the Book of Leviticus, containing It is named after the fifth and sixth Hebrew words of the parashah, its first distinctive words: \"And the Lord spoke unto Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the Lord, and died\".", "Acharei Mot __knowledge__ A shorter version of the parashah's name is simply Acharei ()\",\" \"after.\"", "Acharei Mot __knowledge__ The parashah sets forth the law of the Yom Kippur ritual, centralized offerings, blood, and sexual practices.", "Tassan Rovers GAA __knowledge__ Tassan Rovers GAA () was a Gaelic football team in Tassan, County Monaghan, Ireland.", "Tassan Rovers GAA __knowledge__ Ireland was emerging from the great economic depression of the 1930s and the civil war which had divided families and communities in many parts of the country.", "Tassan Rovers GAA __knowledge__ Times were tough for small farm enterprises with young family members emigrating to try to find work abroad to support themselves and their families at home in Ireland.", "Tassan Rovers GAA __knowledge__ It was in this context that the Tassan team came together in early 1937 and participated in the Junior League Mid Monaghan section.", "Tassan Rovers GAA __knowledge__ The team was managed by Francis Brennan, John Mulligan, Peter Flanagan and Frank Murphy.", "Luis Buñuel __knowledge__ Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish filmmaker who worked in Spain, Mexico and France.", "Luis Buñuel __knowledge__ When Luis Buñuel died at age 83, his obituary in \"The New York Times\" called him \"an iconoclast, moralist, and revolutionary who was a leader of avant-garde surrealism in his youth and a dominant international movie director half a century later\".", "Luis Buñuel __knowledge__ His first picture, \"Un Chien Andalou\"—made in the silent era—was called \"the most famous short film ever made\" by critic Roger Ebert, and his last film, \"That Obscure Object of Desire\"—made 48 years later—won him Best Director awards from the National Board of Review and the National Society of Film Critics.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ It is the sixth feature film based on \"Star Trek\", and a sequel to the 1966–1969 \"\" television series.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ Taking place after the events of \"\", it is the last film featuring the entire cast of .", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation, the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\" must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda.", "Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country __knowledge__ The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series, with younger actors portraying the crew of the \"Enterprise\" while attending Starfleet Academy, but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans.", "Lesbian pulp fiction __knowledge__ Lesbian pulp fiction is a genre of lesbian literature that refers to any mid-20th century paperback novel or pulp magazine with overtly lesbian themes and content.", "Lesbian pulp fiction __knowledge__ Lesbian pulp fiction was published in the 1950s and 60s by many of the same paperback publishing houses that other genres of fiction including westerns, romances, and detective fiction.", "Lesbian pulp fiction __knowledge__ Because very little other literature was available for and about lesbians at this time, quite often these books were the only reference the public (lesbian and otherwise) had for modeling what lesbians were.", "Lesbian pulp fiction __knowledge__ Stephanie Foote, from the University of Illinois commented on the importance of lesbian pulp novels to the lesbian identity prior to feminism: \"Pulps have been understood as signs of a secret history of readers, and they have been valued because they have been read.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Ian Watt __knowledge__ Ian Watt (9 March 1917 – 13 December 1999) was a literary critic, literary historian and professor of English at Stanford University.", "Ian Watt __knowledge__ His \"The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding\" (1957) is an important work in the history of the genre.", "Ian Watt __knowledge__ Published in 1957, \"The Rise of the Novel\" is considered by many contemporary literary scholars as the seminal work on the origins of the novel, and an important study of literary realism.", "Ian Watt __knowledge__ The book traces the rise of the modern novel to philosophical, economic and social trends and conditions that become prominent in the early 18th century.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ Augustan prose is somewhat ill-defined, as the definition of \"\"Augustan\"\" relies primarily upon changes in taste in poetry.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ However, the general time represented by Augustan literature saw a rise in prose writing as high literature.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ The essay, satire, and dialogue (in philosophy and religion) thrived in the age, and the English novel was truly begun as a serious art form.", "Augustan prose __knowledge__ At the outset of the Augustan age, essays were still primarily imitative, novels were few and still dominated by the Romance, and prose was a rarely used format for satire, but, by the end of the period, the English essay was a fully formed periodical feature, novels surpassed drama as entertainment and as an outlet for serious authors, and prose was serving every conceivable function in public discourse.", "Literary realism __knowledge__ Literary realism is part of the realist art movement beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal), and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.", "Literary realism __knowledge__ Literary realism, in contrast to idealism, attempts to represent familiar things as they are.", "Literary realism __knowledge__ Realist authors chose to depict everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of using a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.", "Literary realism __knowledge__ Broadly defined as \"the representation of reality\", realism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, as well as implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ Franz von Papen (; 29 October 18792 May 1969) was a German nobleman, General Staff officer and politician.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–34.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ He belonged to the group of close advisers to President Paul von Hindenburg in the late Weimar Republic.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ It was largely Papen, believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government, who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ However, Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives, during which the Nazis killed some of his confidantes.", "Minutemen (band) __knowledge__ Minutemen were an American punk rock band formed in San Pedro, California in 1980.", "Minutemen (band) __knowledge__ Composed of guitarist/vocalist D. Boon, bassist/vocalist Mike Watt, and drummer George Hurley, Minutemen recorded four albums and eight EPs before Boon's death in an automobile accident in December 1985; after his death, the band broke up.", "Minutemen (band) __knowledge__ They were noted in the California punk community for a philosophy of \"jamming econo\"—a sense of thriftiness reflected in their touring and presentation—while their eclectic and experimental attitude was instrumental in pioneering alternative rock.", "Minutemen (band) __knowledge__ Minutemen began when D. Boon and Mike Watt met at age 13." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 4, 5 ]	[ "I am not a big reader of novels I guess because they are usually considered a long prose, and I lose interest", "it is said that the formal novel was first written in the early 18th century", "that is just what Ian Watt wrote on his 1957 book Rise of the Novel", "Miguel de Cervantes was sited as the first European novelist of the modern era, he wrote Don Quixote" ]	[ "Novel", "Novel", "Novel", "Novel" ]
[ "Vampire", "Thats crazy! How did you meet?", "You are joking right?", "I wish they were, don't they live forever?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vampire __knowledge__ A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In European folklore, vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive.", "Vampire __knowledge__ They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.", "Vampire __knowledge__ Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term \"vampire\", previously an arcane subject, was popularised in the West in the early 19th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe; local variants were also known by different names, such as \"shtriga\" in Albania, \"vrykolakas\" in Greece and \"strigoi\" in Romania.", "Vampire __knowledge__ This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In modern times, the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity, although belief in similar vampiric creatures such as the \"chupacabra\" still persists in some cultures." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vampire __knowledge__ A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In European folklore, vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive.", "Vampire __knowledge__ They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.", "Vampire __knowledge__ Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term \"vampire\", previously an arcane subject, was popularised in the West in the early 19th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe; local variants were also known by different names, such as \"shtriga\" in Albania, \"vrykolakas\" in Greece and \"strigoi\" in Romania.", "Vampire __knowledge__ This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In modern times, the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity, although belief in similar vampiric creatures such as the \"chupacabra\" still persists in some cultures.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ Crazy Horse (Lakota: in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:, literally \"His-Horse-Is-Crazy\"; 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ \"Crazy in Love\" is a song by American singer Beyoncé featuring American rapper Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's debut solo studio album \"Dangerously in Love\" (2003).", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Both artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Using samples from The Chi-Lites's 1970 song \"Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)\", \"Crazy in Love\" is a contemporary R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.", "Crazy in Love __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Crazy in Love\" as the lead single from \"Dangerously in Love\" on May 18, 2003.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ Francisco Islas Rueda (born December 3, 1973) is a Mexican professional wrestler, or \"luchador\", best known by his ring name Super Crazy.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ In Mexico, Islas has worked for AAA (AAA) and made appearances for various independent promotions but is not currently associated with one specific Mexican promotion.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ As Super Crazy, Islas gained American exposure by working for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) between 1998 and 2000 and for World Wrestling Entertainment between 2005 and 2008.", "Super Crazy __knowledge__ He has also toured Japan on several occasions, working for New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), Pro Wrestling Zero-One (Zero-1), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Pro Wrestling Noah.", "Interval exchange transformation __knowledge__ In mathematics, an interval exchange transformation is a kind of dynamical system that generalises circle rotation.", "Interval exchange transformation __knowledge__ The phase space consists of the unit interval, and the transformation acts by cutting the interval into several subintervals, and then permuting these subintervals.", "Interval exchange transformation __knowledge__ Let formula_1 and let formula_2 be a permutation on formula_3.", "Interval exchange transformation __knowledge__ Consider a vector formula_4 of positive real numbers (the widths of the subintervals), satisfying Define a map formula_6 called the interval exchange transformation associated with the pair formula_7 as follows.", "Interval exchange transformation __knowledge__ For formula_8 let Then for formula_10, define if formula_12 lies in the subinterval formula_13.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Crazy Taxi is a series of score attack racing video games that was developed by Hitmaker and published by Sega.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The first game appeared in arcades in 1999 and was very successful, prompting Sega to port the arcade version to their Dreamcast console in 2000.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling Dreamcast game in the United States, selling over a million copies.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and PC with sequels also appearing on the Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable systems.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Each game has the player assume the role of a taxi driver who must accumulate money by delivering passengers to their destinations in the fastest time possible, earning tips by performing \"crazy stunts\" before the time runs out.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American fantasy-drama television series which was first broadcast on The CW from 2009 to 2017, airing 171 episodes over 8 seasons.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the TV series from L.J.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Smith's novel series of the same name.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ Some of the characters appeared in the spin-off series, \"The Originals\".", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia.", "List of The Vampire Diaries characters __knowledge__ The focal points of the show are a love triangle – involving Elena Gilbert and vampire brothers Stefan and Damon Salvatore – and the town's supernatural history, involving Elena's friends and relatives.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "List of The Saga of Darren Shan characters __knowledge__ Darren Shan is the main character of his diary, which is expressed from his point of view.", "List of The Saga of Darren Shan characters __knowledge__ As explained in the last book, \"Sons of Destiny\", the diary was supposedly transferred from Mr.", "List of The Saga of Darren Shan characters __knowledge__ Tall to the author.", "List of The Saga of Darren Shan characters __knowledge__ Darren became enamoured with Larten Crepsley's spider Madam Octa when he went to the Cirque du Freak, where he also learned vampires were real, Mr. Crepsley was one, and his best friend Steve Leonard wanted to become one.", "List of The Saga of Darren Shan characters __knowledge__ However, when Steve was bitten by Madam Octa, Darren was forced to seek the help of Mr. Crepsley, who agreed on the condition that Darren become his vampire assistant instead.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vampire __knowledge__ A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In European folklore, vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive.", "Vampire __knowledge__ They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.", "Vampire __knowledge__ Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term \"vampire\", previously an arcane subject, was popularised in the West in the early 19th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe; local variants were also known by different names, such as \"shtriga\" in Albania, \"vrykolakas\" in Greece and \"strigoi\" in Romania.", "Vampire __knowledge__ This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In modern times, the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity, although belief in similar vampiric creatures such as the \"chupacabra\" still persists in some cultures.", "Joke __knowledge__ A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously.", "Joke __knowledge__ It takes the form of a story, usually with dialogue, and ends in a punch line.", "Joke __knowledge__ It is in the punch line that the audience becomes aware that the story contains a second, conflicting meaning.", "Joke __knowledge__ This can be done using a pun or other word play such as irony, a logical incompatibility, nonsense, or other means.", "Joke __knowledge__ Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition: It is generally held that jokes benefit from brevity, containing no more detail than is needed to set the scene for the punchline at the end.", "Aonghus Mór __knowledge__ Aonghus Mór mac Domhnaill (died c.1293) was a leading figure in the thirteenth-century kingdoms of the Isles and Scotland.", "Aonghus Mór __knowledge__ He was a son of Domhnall mac Raghnaill, the eponym of Clann Domhnaill, a branch of Clann Somhairle.", "Aonghus Mór __knowledge__ Aonghus Mór appears to have succeeded his father in the mid part of the thirteenth century.", "Aonghus Mór __knowledge__ At the time, the rulers of the Isles were fiercely independent of the Scottish Crown, and owed nominal allegiance to the distant Norwegian Crown.", "Aonghus Mór __knowledge__ Aonghus Mór's first certain appearance in the historical record seems to evince his involvement in aiding native Irish kindreds against the consolidation of Anglo-Irish authority in the north-west Ireland.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ Joking Apart is a BBC television sitcom written by Steven Moffat about the rise and fall of a relationship.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ It juxtaposes a couple, Mark (Robert Bathurst) and Becky (Fiona Gillies), who fall in love and marry, before getting separated and finally divorced.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ The twelve episodes, broadcast between 1993 and 1995, were directed by Bob Spiers and produced by Andre Ptaszynski for independent production company Pola Jones.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ The show is semi-autobiographical; it was inspired by the then-recent separation of Moffat and his first wife.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ Some of the episodes in the first series followed a non-linear parallel structure, contrasting the rise of the relationship with the fall.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ Chalk is a British television sitcom set in a comprehensive school named Galfast High.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ Two series, both written by Steven Moffat, were broadcast on BBC1 in 1997.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ Like Moffat's earlier sitcom \"Joking Apart\", \"Chalk\" was produced by Andre Ptaszynski for Pola Jones.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ The series focuses upon deputy headteacher Eric Slatt (David Bamber), permanently stressed over the chaos he creates both by himself and some of his eccentric staff.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ His wife Janet (Geraldine Fitzgerald) and new English teacher Suzy Travis (Nicola Walker) attempt to help him solve the problems.", "Chalk (TV series) __knowledge__ Because of the very good reaction of the studio audience, a second series was commissioned before the first had been broadcast.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "Alan of Galloway __knowledge__ Alan of Galloway (born before 1199; died 1234), also known as Alan fitz Roland, was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate.", "Alan of Galloway __knowledge__ As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone.", "Alan of Galloway __knowledge__ Alan first appears in courtly circles in about 1200, about the time he inherited his father's possessions and offices.", "Alan of Galloway __knowledge__ After he secured his mother's inheritance almost two decades later, Alan became one of the most powerful magnates in the Scottish realm.", "Alan of Galloway __knowledge__ Alan also held lands in the Kingdom of England, and was an advisor of John, King of England concerning \"Magna Carta\".", "Steven Moffat __knowledge__ Steven William Moffat, OBE (, born 18 November 1961) is a Scottish television writer and producer, best known for his work as showrunner, writer and executive producer of British television series \"Doctor Who\" and \"Sherlock\".", "Steven Moffat __knowledge__ Moffat's first television work was the teen drama series \"Press Gang\".", "Steven Moffat __knowledge__ His first sitcom, \"Joking Apart\", was inspired by the breakdown of his first marriage; conversely, his later sitcom \"Coupling\" was based upon the development of his relationship with television producer Sue Vertue.", "Steven Moffat __knowledge__ In between the two relationship-centred shows, he wrote \"Chalk\", a sitcom set in a comprehensive school inspired by his own experience as an English teacher.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ It is one of the most common members within the genus of \"Buteo\" in North America or worldwide.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the \"chickenhawk,\" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context.", "Red-tailed hawk __knowledge__ Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.", "Tree squirrel __knowledge__ Tree squirrels are the members of the squirrel family (Sciuridae) commonly just referred to as \"squirrels\".", "Tree squirrel __knowledge__ They include over a hundred arboreal species native to all continents except Antarctica and Oceania.", "Tree squirrel __knowledge__ They do not form a single natural, or monophyletic group; they are related to others in the squirrel family, including ground squirrels, flying squirrels, marmots, and chipmunks.", "Tree squirrel __knowledge__ The defining characteristic used to determine which species of Sciuridae are tree squirrels is dependent on their habitat rather than their physiology.", "Tree squirrel __knowledge__ Tree squirrels live mostly among trees, as opposed to those that live in burrows in the ground or among rocks.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Eastern gray squirrel __knowledge__ Sciurus carolinensis, common name eastern gray squirrel or grey squirrel depending on region, is a tree squirrel in the genus \"Sciurus\".", "Eastern gray squirrel __knowledge__ It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator.", "Eastern gray squirrel __knowledge__ The eastern grey squirrel in Europe is regarded as an invasive species.", "Eastern gray squirrel __knowledge__ \"Sciurus carolinensis\" is native to the eastern and midwestern United States, and to the southerly portions of the eastern provinces of Canada.", "Eastern gray squirrel __knowledge__ The native range of the eastern gray squirrel overlaps with that of the fox squirrel (\"Sciurus niger\"), with which it is sometimes confused, although the core of the fox squirrel's range is slightly more to the west.", "Black squirrel __knowledge__ The black squirrel occurs as a \"melanistic\" subgroup of both the eastern gray squirrel and the fox squirrel.", "Black squirrel __knowledge__ Their habitat extends throughout the Midwestern United States, in some areas of the Northeastern United States, eastern Canada, and also in the United Kingdom.", "Black squirrel __knowledge__ The overall population of black squirrels is small when compared to that of the gray squirrel.", "Black squirrel __knowledge__ The black fur color can occur naturally as a mutation in populations of gray squirrels, but it is rare.", "Black squirrel __knowledge__ The rarity of the black squirrel has caused many people to admire them, and the black squirrels enjoy great affection in some places as mascots.", "Eastern grey squirrels in Europe __knowledge__ Europe's Grey squirrels (\"Sciurus carolinensis\"), originated in North America, where they are known as eastern gray squirrels (to differentiate from western gray squirrels).", "Eastern grey squirrels in Europe __knowledge__ They eat large seeds, flowers, buds, fruits, fungi, some insects, and occasionally bird eggs.", "Eastern grey squirrels in Europe __knowledge__ The eastern grey squirrel was introduced to Continental Europe in 1948, and has quickly taken advantage of Europe’s food sources, habitats, and lack of predators for grey squirrels.", "Eastern grey squirrels in Europe __knowledge__ They were first introduced into England, in a concerted way, in 1876 and through rapidly growing population, and further introductions, they spread to the rest of Britain by the early-to-mid 20th century.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vampire __knowledge__ A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In European folklore, vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive.", "Vampire __knowledge__ They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.", "Vampire __knowledge__ Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term \"vampire\", previously an arcane subject, was popularised in the West in the early 19th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe; local variants were also known by different names, such as \"shtriga\" in Albania, \"vrykolakas\" in Greece and \"strigoi\" in Romania.", "Vampire __knowledge__ This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism.", "Vampire __knowledge__ In modern times, the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity, although belief in similar vampiric creatures such as the \"chupacabra\" still persists in some cultures.", "Live Forever __knowledge__ \"Live Forever\" is a song by the English rock band Oasis.", "Live Forever __knowledge__ Written by Noel Gallagher, the song was released as the third single from their debut album \"Definitely Maybe\" (1994) on 8 August 1994, just prior to that album's release.", "Live Forever __knowledge__ Gallagher wrote the song in 1991, before he joined Oasis.", "Live Forever __knowledge__ Inspired by the Rolling Stones' \"Shine a Light\", \"Live Forever\" features a basic song structure and lyrics with an optimistic outlook that contrasted with the attitude of the grunge bands popular at the time.", "Live Forever __knowledge__ The song was the first Oasis single to enter the top ten in the United Kingdom, and garnered critical acclaim.", "Live Forever (Matthew West album) __knowledge__ Live Forever is the sixth studio album by Matthew West, released on April 28, 2015 through Sparrow Records alongside Capitol Christian Music Group.", "Live Forever (Matthew West album) __knowledge__ Three singles were officially released off the album including \"Day One\", \"Grace Wins\", and \"Mended\".", "Live Forever (Matthew West album) __knowledge__ Grace S. Aspinwall, awarding the album four and a half stars at \"CCM Magazine\", writes, \"Ever the intricate storyteller, Matthew West rarely disappoints.", "Live Forever (Matthew West album) __knowledge__ \"Live Forever\" follows suit and is even more moving and content rich than his most recent offerings, which is saying a lot ... West up's the ante and has sonically delivered his best performances to date ...", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ Ryan Sheridan (born 28 January 1982) is an Irish singer, songwriter and guitarist from County Monaghan.", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ Sheridan started playing the fiddle at the age of seven and played Irish traditional music with Comhaltas for several years.", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 16 he left Ireland to perform as a dancer with the Riverdance ensemble.", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ He toured the US with Riverdance for four years and then spent two years performing at the Gershwin Theatre on Broadway.", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ Sheridan started writing music and playing guitar while living in New York City, and in 2004 Ryan moved to Glasgow to form the rockband Shiversaint.", "Ryan Sheridan (musician) __knowledge__ He returned to Ireland in 2006 and met Polish percussionist and cajon player Artur Graczyk who joined the band.", "How to Live Forever __knowledge__ How to Live Forever, written by director Mark Wexler and Robert DeMaio, is a documentary that follows Mark on a three-year pilgrimage to discover the best practices and philosophies to help mitigate \"the uncool trappings of old age.\"", "How to Live Forever __knowledge__ With the death of his mother (artist Marian Witt-Wexler) and the arrival of an AARP card, Wexler begins to wonder if one can truly achieve immortality.", "How to Live Forever __knowledge__ He interviews an eclectic group of celebrities, health care professionals, centenarians, followers of Laughter Yoga, and scientists contemplating technology’s impact on the average lifespan in an attempt to conquer death.", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" is a song by the British rock band Queen.", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ It is the sixth track on the album \"A Kind of Magic\", released in June 1986, and was written by lead guitarist Brian May for the soundtrack to the film \"Highlander\".", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ The song peaked at No.", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ 24 in the UK charts.", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ The song is used to frame the scenes in the film where Connor MacLeod must endure his beloved wife Heather MacLeod growing old and dying while he, as an Immortal, remains forever young.", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ (It was later used in the episodes \"\", \"\", \"\", \"Line of Fire\", and \"Leader of the Pack\" of the ).", "Who Wants to Live Forever __knowledge__ Brian May wrote the song in the backseat of his car after seeing a 20-minute first cut of the scene of Heather's death.", "Brian May __knowledge__ Brian Harold May, (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, astrophysicist, and photographer.", "Brian May __knowledge__ He is best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen.", "Brian May __knowledge__ He uses a home-built electric guitar called the Red Special.", "Brian May __knowledge__ His compositions for the band include \"We Will Rock You\", \"Tie Your Mother Down\", \"I Want It All\", \"Fat Bottomed Girls\", \"Flash\", \"Hammer to Fall\", \"Save Me\", \"Who Wants to Live Forever\", and \"The Show Must Go On\".", "Brian May __knowledge__ May was a co-founder of Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, having previously performed with Taylor in the band Smile, which he had joined while he was at university.", "Dig Out Your Soul Tour __knowledge__ The Dig Out Your Soul Tour was a world concert tour by English rock band Oasis, in support of their album \"Dig Out Your Soul\".", "Dig Out Your Soul Tour __knowledge__ The tour started in Seattle, Washington at the WaMu Theater on the 26 August 2008 and was planned to continue until 30 August 2009, where they were scheduled to play their final show of the tour at the I-Day Festival in Milan, Italy.", "Dig Out Your Soul Tour __knowledge__ However, on 28 August 2009, after a fight between the Gallaghers in the backstage, their manager announced the cancellation of their concert at the Rock-en-Seine festival near Paris just minutes before it was about to begin, the cancellation of the European tour and that the group \"does not exist anymore\", referring a coming statement from Noel Gallagher.", "Punch line __knowledge__ A punch line (\"punch-line\" or punchline) concludes a joke; it is intended to make people laugh.", "Punch line __knowledge__ It is the third and final part of the typical joke structure.", "Punch line __knowledge__ It follows the introductory framing of the joke and the narrative which sets up for the punch line.", "Punch line __knowledge__ In a broader sense punch line can also refer to the unexpected and funny conclusion of any performance, situation or story.", "Punch line __knowledge__ The origin of the term is unknown.", "Punch line __knowledge__ Even though the comedic formula using the classic \"set-up, premise, punch line\" format was well-established in Vaudeville by the beginning of the 20th century, the actual term “punch line” is first documented in the 1920s; the Merriam-Webster dictionary pegs the first use in 1921.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Joke __knowledge__ A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously.", "Joke __knowledge__ It takes the form of a story, usually with dialogue, and ends in a punch line.", "Joke __knowledge__ It is in the punch line that the audience becomes aware that the story contains a second, conflicting meaning.", "Joke __knowledge__ This can be done using a pun or other word play such as irony, a logical incompatibility, nonsense, or other means.", "Joke __knowledge__ Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition: It is generally held that jokes benefit from brevity, containing no more detail than is needed to set the scene for the punchline at the end.", "Punch Line San Francisco __knowledge__ Punch Line San Francisco is a comedy club located at 444 Battery St in San Francisco's Financial District.", "Punch Line San Francisco __knowledge__ It has a sister club in Sacramento, California, and is also associated with Cobb's Comedy Club in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco.", "Punch Line San Francisco __knowledge__ It is San Francisco's oldest running comedy club.", "Punch Line San Francisco __knowledge__ The Punch Line was opened in 1978 by Jeffrey Pollack and sold to Bill Graham in 1981].", "Punch Line San Francisco __knowledge__ The building was adjacent to the Old Waldorf, a music venue originally opened in 1976 whose owner (Jeff Pollack) booked all the acts he could find, including music legends such as U2, Metallica, Dire Straits, Elvis Costello, R.E.M., AC/DC, and more.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ Anti-humor is a type of indirect humor that involves the joke-teller delivering something which is intentionally not funny, or lacking in intrinsic meaning.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ The practice relies on the expectation on the part of the audience of something humorous, and when this does not happen, the irony itself is of comedic value.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ Anti-humor is also the basis of various types of pranks and hoaxes.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ The humor of such jokes is based on the surprise factor of absence of an expected joke or of a punch line in a narration which is set up as a joke.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ This kind of anticlimax is similar to that of the shaggy dog story.", "Anti-humor __knowledge__ In fact, some researchers see the \"shaggy dog story\" as a type of anti-joke.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate." ] ]	[ 1, 0, 8, 6 ]	[ "I'm convinced I met a vampire one time. I knew because like vampires, he feeds on the blood of animals.", "I met him a park while I was going for a walk. He was sitting on the bench sucking a squirrels blood.", "Yes. Haha... vampires aren't real... Too bad this joke doesn't have a punch line", "Yes they do. In modern times, similar creatures such as the chupacabra still persist in some cultures, but personally, I don't believe in them" ]	[ "Vampire", "Vampire", "Vampire", "Vampire" ]
[ "Photography\nI love photography, though I'm not that good at it.", "Yes, I really admire people who can capture incredible moments on film.", "Ah, I see. I suppose it isn't always used for artistic purposes.", "Maybe there is a place for me to make a living with photography after all." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ Yvette Troispoux (1914–2007) was a French photographer known as the \"photographer of photographers\" for her pictures taken unobtrusively at photography exhibitions and social events.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ Her extensive body of work, built up over seventy years, also includes photographs of people in everyday settings in the \"humanist” tradition.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ After her death, the French National Library acquired her archives for its collections.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ She was born on 1 June 1914 to a middle-class family in Coulommiers.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ When she was nineteen she used her savings to buy an Agfa box camera that allowed her to make 6cm x 9cm prints.", "Yvette Troispoux __knowledge__ The first shot she took was in a local park, the .", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ Jung Ji-hoon (, born June 25, 1982), better known by his stage name Rain (Korean 비 IPA ['piː]), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, and music producer.", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ Rain's musical career includes seven albums (six Korean, one Japanese), 28 singles and numerous concert tours around the world.", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ He first achieved breakthrough success with his third Korean album, \"It's Raining\" (2004), which spawned the number one single of the same name.", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ The album sold a million copies in Asia, and established Rain as an international star.", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ Rain made his acting debut in the 2003 drama \"Sang Doo!", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ Let's Go To School\".", "Rain (entertainer) __knowledge__ His lead role in the pan-Asia hit drama \"Full House\" (2004) established his status as a Hallyu star.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ Happily Ever After () is an 2009 Hong Kong drama-romance film directed by Azrael Chung and Ivy Kong.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ Au-yeung Goon-nam (Michelle Wai) and Sze Tso-chi (Ken Hung) share the same birthday, go to the same school, love photography, and are just as competitive.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ But they did not know of each other’s existence until they “crossed swords” at a debate tournament.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ And they both felt as if the fairytale prince and princess finally found each other.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ Later in a birthday party, Nam thought Chi played a trick on her, leaving a slap on his face.", "Happily Ever After (2009 film) __knowledge__ Four years later, Nam encounters his ghost and learns that he is already dead... Perry Lam of \"Muse\" Magazine gave the film a mixed review, writing that 'it's a decent commercial entertainment designed to satisfy our residual, vulgar longing for the intensely romantic.'", "Clarence Hudson White __knowledge__ Clarence Hudson White (April 8, 1871 – July 7, 1925) was an American photographer, teacher and a founding member of the Photo-Secession movement.", "Clarence Hudson White __knowledge__ He grew up in small towns in Ohio, where his primary influences were his family and the social life of rural America.", "Clarence Hudson White __knowledge__ After visiting the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, he took up photography.", "Clarence Hudson White __knowledge__ Although he was completely self-taught in the medium, within a few years he was internationally known for his pictorial photographs that captured the spirit and sentimentality of America in the early twentieth century.", "Clarence Hudson White __knowledge__ As he became well known for his images, White was sought out by other photographers who often traveled to Ohio to learn from him.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ There is no standard definition of the term, but in general it refers to a style in which the photographer has somehow manipulated what would otherwise be a straightforward photograph as a means of \"creating\" an image rather than simply recording it.", "Pictorialism __knowledge__ Typically, a pictorial photograph appears to lack a sharp focus (some more so than others), is printed in one or more colors other than black-and-white (ranging from warm brown to deep blue) and may have visible brush strokes or other manipulation of the surface.", "Dody Weston Thompson __knowledge__ Dody Weston Thompson (April 11, 1923 – October 14, 2012) was a 20th-century American photographer and chronicler of the history and craft of photography.", "Dody Weston Thompson __knowledge__ She learned the art in 1947 and developed her own expression of “straight” or realistic photography, the style that emerged in Northern California in the 1930s.", "Dody Weston Thompson __knowledge__ Dody worked closely with contemporary icons Edward Weston (her former father-in-law), Brett Weston (her former husband) and Ansel Adams (as an assistant and a friend) during the late 1940s and through the 1950s, with additional collaboration with Brett Weston in the 1980s.", "Dody Weston Thompson __knowledge__ Dody was invited in 1949 to artistically participate with the remaining members of the photographic organization Group f/64, a bastion of the emerging West Coast Photographic Movement." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ Nancy \"Nan\" Goldin (born September 12, 1953) is an American photographer.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ She lives and works in New York City, Berlin, and Paris.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ Her work usually features LGBT-related themes, images or public figures.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ Goldin was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in the Boston suburb of Lexington, to middle-class Jewish parents.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ Goldin’s father worked in broadcasting, and served as the chief economist for the Federal Communications Commission.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ After attending the nearby Lexington High School, Goldin left home at 13-14.", "Nan Goldin __knowledge__ She enrolled at the Satya Community School in Lincoln, where a teacher, philosopher Rollo May’s daughter, introduced her to the camera in 1968.", "Economic antisemitism __knowledge__ Economic antisemitism comprises stereotypes and canards based on the economic status, occupation or economic behavior of Jews.", "Economic antisemitism __knowledge__ It also includes economic behavior, laws and governmental policies targeting the economic status, occupation or economic behavior of Jews.", "Economic antisemitism __knowledge__ In some cases, the stereotypes and canards have motivated economic behavior and governmental action targeting Jews; in other cases, the economic behavior, laws and/or governmental policies have fed the propagation of the stereotypes and canards.", "Economic antisemitism __knowledge__ Leon Poliakov writes that economic antisemitism is not a distinct form of antisemitism, but merely a manifestation of theologic antisemitism (because, without the theological causes of the economic antisemitism, there would be no economic antisemitism).", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ Julia Sarah Stone (born November 24, 1997) is a Canadian actress.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ She began studying theater at the age of six, and appeared in a number of school plays over the following years.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ After posting an audition on Facebook, she won a small part in an independent short film in 2009, and was also signed by a casting agent.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ Her breakthrough role came in 2011, when she appeared in \"The Year Dolly Parton Was My Mom\", for which she won a Young Artist Award.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ Afterward, Stone was cast in the pilot episode of The CW series \"Emily Owens, M.D.", "Julia Sarah Stone __knowledge__ \"; the third season of AMC's \"The Killing\"; and a number of Canadian-produced dramatic films.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions and television shows as a child before signing with Jive Records in 1997.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Spears's first and second studio albums, \"...Baby One More Time\" (1999) and \"Oops!...", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ I Did It Again\" (2000), became international successes, with the former becoming the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist.", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ Title tracks \"...Baby One More Time\" and \"Oops!...", "Britney Spears __knowledge__ I Did It Again\" broke international sales records.", "History of the Jews in the United States __knowledge__ The history of the Jews in the United States has been part of the American national fabric since colonial times.", "History of the Jews in the United States __knowledge__ Until the 1830s, the Jewish community of Charleston, South Carolina, was the largest in North America.", "History of the Jews in the United States __knowledge__ In the late 1800s and the beginning of the 1900s, many Jewish immigrants left from various nations to enter the U.S. as part of the general rise of immigration movements.", "History of the Jews in the United States __knowledge__ For example, many German Jews arrived in the middle of the 19th century, established clothing stores in towns across the country, formed Reform synagogues, and were active in banking in New York.", "History of the Jews in the United States __knowledge__ Immigration of Eastern Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews, in 1880–1914, brought a large, poor, traditional element to New York City.", "John Reith, 1st Baron Reith __knowledge__ John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith, (20 July 1889 – 16 June 1971) was a British broadcasting executive who established the tradition of independent public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom.", "John Reith, 1st Baron Reith __knowledge__ In 1922 he was employed by the BBC (British Broadcasting Company Ltd.) as its general manager; in 1923 he became its managing director and in 1927 he was employed as the Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation created under a Royal Charter.", "John Reith, 1st Baron Reith __knowledge__ His concept of broadcasting as a way of educating the masses marked for a long time the BBC and similar organisations around the world.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.\"", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the speed of light through a vacuum.", "Electromagnetic radiation __knowledge__ The oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave.", "Radiation __knowledge__ In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This includes: Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles.", "Radiation __knowledge__ Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds.", "Radiation __knowledge__ This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms.", "Radiation __knowledge__ A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.", "Optics __knowledge__ Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.", "Optics __knowledge__ Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light.", "Optics __knowledge__ Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice.", "Photon __knowledge__ A photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).", "Photon __knowledge__ The photon has zero rest mass and always moves at the speed of light within a vacuum.", "Photon __knowledge__ Depending on the size of the electromagnetic field that it emits, the photon will take on different properties.", "Photon __knowledge__ Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, exhibiting properties of both waves and particles.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus.", "Electromagnetic spectrum __knowledge__ This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.", "Metamaterial cloaking __knowledge__ Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without being affected by the object itself." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Art game __knowledge__ An art game (or arthouse game) is a work of interactive new media digital software art as well as a member of the \"art game\" subgenre of the serious video game.", "Art game __knowledge__ The term \"art game\" was first used academically in 2002 and it has come to be understood as describing a video game designed to emphasize art or whose structure is intended to produce some kind of reaction in its audience.", "Art game __knowledge__ Art games are \"interactive\" (usually \"competitive\" against the computer, self, or other players) and the result of \"artistic intent\" by the party offering the piece for consideration.", "Art game __knowledge__ They also typically go out of their way to have a unique, unconventional look, often standing out for aesthetic beauty or complexity in design.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American four-blade, twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It is armed with a M230 chain gun carried between the main landing gear, under the aircraft's forward fuselage, and four hardpoints mounted on stub-wing pylons for carrying armament and stores, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The AH-64 has a large amount of systems redundancy to improve combat survivability.", "Eilistraee __knowledge__ Eilistraee, also referred to as \"The Dark Maiden\", is a fictional deity in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "Eilistraee __knowledge__ In the game world, she is a goddess in the drow pantheon, and her portfolios are song, dance, swordwork, hunting, moonlight and beauty.", "Eilistraee __knowledge__ Eilistraee's name is pronounced as EEL-iss-TRAY-yee\", \"eel-ISS-tray-ee\", \"eel-iss-tray-yee\" or \"eil-iss-tray-yee\".", "Eilistraee __knowledge__ In the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, Eilistraee is the daughter of Corellon Larethian and of Araushnee (who later took the name Lolth after being punished by Corellon), a free-spirited and kind-hearted goddess, with a fiery streak in her personality.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ Devil Beside You () is a 2005 Taiwanese drama starring Mike He, Rainie Yang and Kingone Wang.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ It is based on Japanese manga \"Akuma de Sourou\", , written by Mitsuba Takanashi.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ It was produced by Comic Ritz International Production (可米瑞智國際藝能有限公司) with Chai Zhi Ping () as producer and directed by Lin He Long ().", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ The series was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air China Television (CTV) (中視) from 26 June to 18 September 2005 and cable TV Eastern Television (ETTV) (東森) for 20 episodes.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ The story begins with Qi Yue (Rainie Yang) planning to confess her liking to the basketball team captain, Yuan Yi (Kingone Wang).", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ The United States military has developed a number of Helicopter Armament Subsystems since the early 1960s.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ These systems are used for offensive and defensive purposes and make use of a wide variety of weapon types including, but not limited to machine guns, grenade launchers, autocannon, and rockets.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ Various systems are still in use, though many have become obsolete.", "U.S. helicopter armament subsystems __knowledge__ The helicopter has added much to the exploitation of the modern battlefield, changing traditional war-fighting scenarios to the extent that entirely new strategies and tactics have been developed both to utilise and deny the capabilities of these aircraft.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ For more than a century China's leaders have called for rapid development of science and technology, and science policy has played a greater role in national politics in China than in many other countries.", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ China's scientific and technical achievements have been impressive in many fields.", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ Although it has been a relatively low-income, developing country, China has by its own efforts managed to develop nuclear weapons, the ability to launch and recover satellites, supercomputers, and high-yield hybrid rice, among others.", "History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China __knowledge__ But the development of science and technology has been uneven, and significant achievements in some fields are matched by low levels in others.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Florida State University (commonly referred to as Florida State or FSU) is an American public space-grant and sea-grant research university.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Its primary campus is located on a 1,391.54-acre (5.631 km2) campus in Tallahassee, Florida, United States.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ Founded in 1851, it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.", "Florida State University __knowledge__ The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs.", "Prohibition of drugs __knowledge__ The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of the certain recreational drugs and other intoxicating substances.", "Prohibition of drugs __knowledge__ While some drugs are illegal to possess, many governments regulate the manufacture, distribution, marketing, sale and use of certain drugs, for instance through a prescription system.", "Prohibition of drugs __knowledge__ For example, amphetamines may be legal to possess if a doctor has prescribed them; otherwise, possession or sale of the drug is typically a criminal offence.", "Prohibition of drugs __knowledge__ Only certain drugs are banned with a \"blanket prohibition\" against all possession or use (e.g., LSD, a psychedelic that was once used medicinally).", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ Recreational diving or sport diving is diving for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment, usually when using scuba equipment.", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ The term \"recreational diving\" may also be used in contradistinction to \"technical diving\", a more demanding aspect of recreational diving which requires greater levels of training, experience and equipment to compensate for the more hazardous conditions associated with the disciplines.", "Recreational diving __knowledge__ Breath-hold diving for recreation also fits into the broader scope of the term, but this article covers the commonly used meaning of \"scuba diving for recreational purposes, where the diver is not constrained from making a direct near-vertical ascent to the surface at any point during the dive\".", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The technological and industrial history of Canada encompasses the country's development in the areas of transportation, communication, energy, materials, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defence technologies.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ The terms chosen for the \"age\" described below are both literal and metaphorical.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ They describe the technology that dominated the period of time in question but are also representative of a large number of other technologies introduced during the same period.", "Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada __knowledge__ Also of note is the fact that the period of diffusion of a technology can begin modestly and can extend well beyond the \"age\" of its introduction." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.", "Photography __knowledge__ Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.", "Photography __knowledge__ With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing.", "Photography __knowledge__ A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Photography __knowledge__ Photography is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Steve Sabella __knowledge__ Steve Sabella (), born (May 19, 1975) in Jerusalem, Palestine is a Berlin based artist who uses photography and photographic installation as his principle modes of expression, and author of the award winning memoir, The Parachute Paradox, published by Kerber Verlag in 2016.", "Steve Sabella __knowledge__ The first monograph of the artist's work \"Steve Sabella - Photography 1997-2014\" was published by Hatje Cantz in collaboration with the Akademie der Künste in Berlin in 2014.", "Steve Sabella __knowledge__ It is authored by Hubertus von Amelunxen and the foreword is written by Kamal Boullata.", "Steve Sabella __knowledge__ \"Archaeology of the Future\" was also published in 2014 by Maretti Editore as part of his retrospective solo exhibition at the International Center for Photography Scavi Scaligeri.", "Ray McSavaney __knowledge__ Ray McSavaney (December 18, 1938 – July 2, 2014) was an American fine-art photographer based in Los Angeles, California.", "Ray McSavaney __knowledge__ Throughout a spartan but active life, practicing classical Western black and white fine art photography, he made enduring photographs of buildings, bridges, and street scenes of the vast city, ancient ruins and panoramic vistas of the Southwest, and studio setups with varied floral subjects.", "Ray McSavaney __knowledge__ He passed away from lymphoma in Los Angeles Veteran’s Hospital.", "Ray McSavaney __knowledge__ Warm tributes to his life and career by some of his close friends and colleagues appear in a ‘celebration of life’ memorial recounted in ‘View Camera’ magazine.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ \"Call Me Maybe\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Carly Rae Jepsen for her EP \"Curiosity\" (2012) which also appears on her international debut studio album, \"Kiss\" (2012).", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ The song was written by Jepsen and Tavish Crowe as a folk song, but its genre was modified to pop following the production by Josh Ramsay.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ It was released as the lead single from the EP on September 20, 2011, through 604 Records.", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Jepsen was signed to Schoolboy Records, releasing her single in the United States through the label, as the first single from \"Kiss\".", "Call Me Maybe __knowledge__ Musically, \"Call Me Maybe\" is a pop and teen pop track that alludes to the inconvenience that a love at first sight brings to a girl who hopes for a call back from a new crush.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ Philip Janet Maybe is a fictional character in the \"2000 AD\" comic strip \"Judge Dredd\".", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ He is a notorious serial killer, and most notably assumed the identity of Mayor Byron Ambrose, whom he murdered.", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ The only child of the Maybe family and a relative of the wealthy Yess family (a family of trouser makers), he was a child genius and serial killer.", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ (His middle name is Janet because his parents wanted a girl.)", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ He deliberately kept his high intelligence secret, by learning to spell badly and act stupidly, in order to avoid getting caught.", "PJ Maybe __knowledge__ He killed for the first time at age 12, by murdering a neighbourhood couple whom he chose at random from the phone book, as an experiment.", "Mass communication __knowledge__ Mass communication is the study of how people exchange information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time.", "Mass communication __knowledge__ In other words, mass communication refers to the imparting and exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people.", "Mass communication __knowledge__ It is usually understood to relate newspaper, magazine, and book publishing, as well as radio, television and film, even via internet as these mediums are used for disseminating information, news and advertising.", "Mass communication __knowledge__ Mass communication differs from the studies of other forms of communication, such as interpersonal communication or organizational communication, in that it focuses on a single source transmitting information to a large number of receivers.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ K3 is a Belgian-Dutch girl group with a Dutch repertoire, whose current line-up is composed of Hanne Verbruggen, Marthe De Pillecyn and Klaasje Meijer, mainly aimed at pre-adolescent children.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ The name of the group is derived from first letters of the three original members' first names: Karen Damen, Kristel Verbeke and Kathleen Aerts.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Kathleen Aerts left the group in 2009.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Josje Huisman was chosen as K3's new member on October 3, 2009.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Their music is produced by production company Studio 100 and is written by Miguel Wiels, Alain Vande Putte and Peter Gillis.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ K3 was founded by Niels William.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ The band became famous without any airplay from the regular music television channels like MTV, instead marketing directly to children via children- and cartoon-channels.", "Mass media __knowledge__ The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.", "Mass media __knowledge__ The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets.", "Mass media __knowledge__ Broadcast media transmit information electronically, via such media as film, radio, recorded music, or television.", "Mass media __knowledge__ Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication.", "Mass media __knowledge__ Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television.", "Mass media __knowledge__ Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR Codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication __knowledge__ The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) is a major international membership organization for academics in the field, offering regional and national conferences and refereed publications.", "Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication __knowledge__ It has numerous membership divisions, interest groups, publications and websites.", "Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication __knowledge__ In the United States, many university journalism departments—particularly at Midwestern, Western and Southern state universities—evolved into schools or colleges of mass communication or \"journalism and mass communication\".", "Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication __knowledge__ In addition to studying practical skills of journalism, public relations or advertising, students also may major in \"mass communication\" or \"mass communication research\"." ] ]	[ 1, 6, 6, 3 ]	[ "Well it is the science, art application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation.", "Yeah, it is enjoyed and employed y many fields of science, manufacturing, and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film, and video production, as well as recreational purposes.", "yes thats true, you can use it for recreational purposes, as a hobby and even mass communication applications", "perhaps not but you could always work on the inside of cameras, such as the electronic image sensor, that produces an electrial charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing." ]	[ "Photography", "Photography", "Photography", "Photography" ]
[ "Blue", "What shade of blue is your favorite?", "I did not know that. What else about optical effect and colors? What other colors are different?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Shade (comics) __knowledge__ The Shade (Richard Swift) is a comic book character developed in the 1940s for National Comics, first appearing in the pages of \"Flash Comics\" in a story titled \"The Man Who Commanded the Night\", scripted by Gardner Fox and illustrated by Hal Sharp.", "Shade (comics) __knowledge__ Debuting as a villain, the Shade was best known for fighting against two generations of superheroes, most notably the Golden Age and Silver Age versions of the Flash.", "Shade (comics) __knowledge__ He eventually became a mentor for Jack Knight, the son of the Golden Age Starman, Ted Knight, a hero the Shade had also fought.", "Shade (comics) __knowledge__ Though initially portrayed in the Golden Age comics as a thief with a cane that could manipulate shadows, the character was reinvented in 1994 as a morally ambiguous Victorian era immortal who gained the ability to manipulate shadows and his immortality came from an unexplained mystical event.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ The United States Air Force uniform is the standardized military attire worn by airmen of the United States Air Force.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ Specific Air Force Instructions address standardized wear that is identical for members of both the Active Component (i.e., the Regular Air Force) and that of the service's two reserve components that comprise the Air Reserve Component, that being the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard.", "Uniforms of the United States Air Force __knowledge__ This includes personnel in the Air Force's sole enlisted accession program, Basic Military Training (BMT), and the three USAF commissioned officer accession programs: Officer Training School (OTS) officer trainees, college/university level Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) cadets and United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) cadets.", "Silverwing (novel) __knowledge__ Silverwing is a best-selling children's novel, written by Kenneth Oppel, first published in 1997 by HarperCollins.", "Silverwing (novel) __knowledge__ It tells the story of a colony of silverwing bats The tone and artistic ambition of this series of bestsellers has been compared to the classic animal novel \"Watership Down\".", "Silverwing (novel) __knowledge__ \"Silverwing\" is the first installment of the Silverwing series, though it is chronologically the second novel in the sequence after \"Darkwing\".", "Silverwing (novel) __knowledge__ Shade is a young Silverwing bat whose father disappeared before he was born.", "Silverwing (novel) __knowledge__ He lives with his mother Ariel and is bullied by other newborns, especially Chinook and his friends, for being the runt of his colony.", "Shade, the Changing Man __knowledge__ Shade, the Changing Man is a fictional comic book character created by Steve Ditko for DC Comics in 1977.", "Shade, the Changing Man __knowledge__ The character was later adapted by Peter Milligan and Chris Bachalo in one of the first Vertigo titles.", "Shade, the Changing Man __knowledge__ Both versions of Shade are distinct from the Shade, another DC Comics character.", "Shade, the Changing Man __knowledge__ \"Shade, the Changing Man\" told the story of a fugitive from the militant planet Meta in another dimension.", "Shade, the Changing Man __knowledge__ Shade (whose full name is Rac Shade) was powered by a stolen \"M-vest\" (or Miraco-Vest, named for its inventor) which protected him with a force field and enabled him to project the illusion of becoming a large grotesque version of himself.", "Shade's Children __knowledge__ Shade's Children is a young adult science fiction novel by Garth Nix.", "Shade's Children __knowledge__ It was first published in Australia in 1997 by HarperCollins.", "Shade's Children __knowledge__ \"Shade's Children\" takes place in a not-so-distant future where evil Overlords have ruled for fifteen years due to a catastrophic \"Change\" which caused all people over the age of fourteen to simply disappear.", "Shade's Children __knowledge__ Since then, the children have been rounded up and placed in prison-like dorms.", "Shade's Children __knowledge__ No child may live past their fourteenth birthday (known as a \"Sad Birthday\"), when they are taken to the Meat Factory and their muscles, brain, and other organs are harvested to create creatures.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ Many languages do not distinguish between what in English are described as \"blue\" and \"green\" and instead use a cover term spanning both.", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ To describe this English lexical gap, linguists use the portmanteau word \"grue\", from \"green\" and \"blue\", which the philosopher Nelson Goodman coined in his 1955 \"Fact, Fiction, and Forecast\" to illustrate the \"new riddle of induction\".", "Blue–green distinction in language __knowledge__ The exact definition of \"blue\" and \"green\" may be complicated by the speakers not primarily distinguishing the hue, but using terms that describe other color components such as saturation and luminosity, or other properties of the object being described.", "Karner blue __knowledge__ The Karner blue (\"Plebejus melissa samuelis\") is an endangered subspecies of small blue butterfly which was once found in significant numbers in the Miller section of Gary, Indiana community of the Indiana Dunes National Park.", "Karner blue __knowledge__ The butterfly is now mainly found in other parts of the Great Lakes states, such as Wisconsin and Michigan, in small areas of New Jersey, and also in southern New Hampshire, and the Capital District region of New York.", "Karner blue __knowledge__ The butterfly, whose life cycle depends on the wild blue lupine flower (\"Lupinus perennis\"), was classified as an endangered species in 1992.", "Karner blue __knowledge__ In May 2000, the Canadian Species at Risk Act listed the Karner blue as being locally extinct in Canada.", "Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil __knowledge__ Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil is an American alternative rock supergroup formed in 2010 by singer Steve Taylor with drummer Peter Furler (Newsboys, Peter Furler Band), guitarist Jimmy Abegg (Vector, A Ragamuffin Band), and bassist John Mark Painter (Fleming and John).", "Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil __knowledge__ Taylor formerly saw success as a new wave singer during the 1980s and early 1990s, and also fronted the short-lived band Chagall Guevara.", "Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil __knowledge__ However, by the mid-1990s he abandoned performing music and transitioned into work as a record producer, songwriter, and film-maker.", "Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil __knowledge__ In 2010 Taylor, who was frustrated at the slow pace of his fundraiser for his feature film \"Blue Like Jazz\", collaborated with Furler, Abegg, and Painter to record the song \"A Life Preserved\" for the film's soundtrack, and began recording other material.", "Blue Bridge (Reed College) __knowledge__ The Blue Bridge, also known as the Cross Canyon Bridge, is a curved pedestrian and bicycle bridge connecting the north and south halves of the Reed College campus in Portland, Oregon, in the United States.", "Blue Bridge (Reed College) __knowledge__ The bridge crosses Reed Lake, located within the 28-acre watershed on campus known as the \"canyon\"; this includes part of the course of Crystal Springs Creek, a tributary of Johnson Creek.", "Blue Bridge (Reed College) __knowledge__ The Blue Bridge, completed in 1992, marks the third in a series of bridges that have been commonly referred to as the \"cross canyon bridges\", signifying their function on campus.", "Blue Bridge (Reed College) __knowledge__ The Blue Bridge replaced the Arthur M. Churchill Memorial Bridge, completed in 1959 as a replacement for a flat wooden bridge constructed in the 1930s.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Blue Like Jazz __knowledge__ Blue Like Jazz is the second book by Donald Miller.", "Blue Like Jazz __knowledge__ This semi-autobiographical work, subtitled \"Non-Religious Thoughts on Christian Spirituality,\" is a collection of essays and personal reflections chronicling the author's growing understanding of the nature of God and Jesus, and the need and responsibility for an authentic personal response to that understanding.", "Blue Like Jazz __knowledge__ Much of the work centers on Miller's experiences with friends and fellow students while auditing courses at Reed College, a liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon.", "Blue Like Jazz __knowledge__ The book deals with inward spiritual dealings as Don, his friends Penny, Laura and others struggle with finding meaning in life and the ultimate battle with God ending with choosing him or choosing one's self.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of various characters in the fictional universe of the anime and manga series Sgt.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Frog and related works.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The is led by Sergeant Keroro.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ While most platoons contain thirty or forty soldiers, the Keroro Platoon only has a meager five.", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Its full name is the .", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ In the English dub of the anime, the unit is referred to as the Advance Recon Mission Preparatory Invasion Terror Platoon (A.R.M.P.I.T.).", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ Keroro refers to the acronym as being \"unfortunate\".", "List of Sgt. Frog characters __knowledge__ The initial operation of the Keroro Platoon was to stealthily survey Earth and relay information to the awaiting Keron Invasion Army.", "Oldsmobile V8 engine __knowledge__ The Oldsmobile V8 refers to a series of Oldsmobile engines beginning with the advanced 1949 Rocket which were, along with the 1949 Cadillac V8, the first post-war OHV V8 engines produced by General Motors.", "Oldsmobile V8 engine __knowledge__ Like all other GM divisions, Olds continued building its own V8 engine family for decades, finally adopting the corporate Chevrolet 350 small-block and Cadillac Northstar engine only in the 1990s.", "Oldsmobile V8 engine __knowledge__ All Oldsmobile V8s were manufactured at plants in Lansing, Michigan.", "Oldsmobile V8 engine __knowledge__ All Oldsmobile V8s use a 90° bank angle, and most share a common stroke dimension: for early Rockets, for later Generation 1 engines, and for Generation 2 starting in 1964." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Liquid-crystal display __knowledge__ A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.", "Liquid-crystal display __knowledge__ Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in colour or monochrome.", "Liquid-crystal display __knowledge__ LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays, as in a digital clock.", "Liquid-crystal display __knowledge__ They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements.", "Dispersion staining __knowledge__ The optical properties of all liquid and solid materials change as a function of the wavelength of light used to measure them.", "Dispersion staining __knowledge__ This change as a function of wavelength is called the dispersion of the optical properties.", "Dispersion staining __knowledge__ The graph created by plotting the optical property of interest by the wavelength at which it is measured is called a dispersion curve.", "Dispersion staining __knowledge__ The dispersion staining is an analytical technique used in light microscopy that takes advantage of the differences in the dispersion curve of the refractive index of an unknown material relative to a standard material with a known dispersion curve to identify or characterize that unknown material.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ Augustin-Jean Fresnel (, ; ; 10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ But he is perhaps better known for inventing the \"catadioptric\" (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of \"stepped\" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving unknown numbers of lives at sea.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ The simpler \"dioptric\" (purely refractive) stepped lens, first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors.", "Dither __knowledge__ Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images.", "Dither __knowledge__ Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and video data, and is often one of the last stages of mastering audio to a CD.", "Dither __knowledge__ A typical use of dither is converting a greyscale image to black and white, such that the density of black dots in the new image approximates the average grey level in the original.", "Dither __knowledge__ The term \"dither\" was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after the Second World War.", "Dispersion (optics) __knowledge__ In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency.", "Dispersion (optics) __knowledge__ Media having this common property may be termed \"dispersive media\".", "Dispersion (optics) __knowledge__ Sometimes the term \"chromatic\" dispersion is used for specificity.", "Dispersion (optics) __knowledge__ Although the term is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves, dispersion in the same sense can apply to any sort of wave motion such as acoustic dispersion in the case of sound and seismic waves, in gravity waves (ocean waves), and for telecommunication signals along transmission lines (such as coaxial cable) or optical fiber.", "Optical aberration __knowledge__ Aberration in optics refers to a defect in a lens such that light is not focused to a point, but is spread out over some region of space, and hence an image formed by a lens with aberration is blurred or distorted, with the nature of the distortion depending on the type of aberration.", "Optical aberration __knowledge__ More specifically, it can be defined as a departure of the performance of an optical system from the predictions of paraxial optics.", "Optical aberration __knowledge__ In an imaging system, it occurs when light from one point of an object does not converge into (or does not diverge from) a single point after transmission through the system.", "Optical aberration __knowledge__ Aberrations occur because the simple paraxial theory is not a completely accurate model of the effect of an optical system on light, rather than due to flaws in the optical elements.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering (pronounced ), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering does not change the state of material and is, hence, a parametric process.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The particles may be individual atoms or molecules.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ It can occur when light travels through transparent solids and liquids, but is most prominently seen in gases.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ Rayleigh scattering results from the electric polarizability of the particles.", "Rayleigh scattering __knowledge__ The oscillating electric field of a light wave acts on the charges within a particle, causing them to move at the same frequency.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The Mie solution to Maxwell's equations (also known as the Lorenz–Mie solution, the Lorenz–Mie–Debye solution or Mie scattering) describes the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a homogeneous sphere.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The solution takes the form of an infinite series of spherical multipole partial waves.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ It is named after Gustav Mie.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The term \"Mie solution\" is also used for solutions of Maxwell's equations for scattering by stratified spheres or by infinite cylinders, or other geometries where one can write separate equations for the radial and angular dependence of solutions.", "Mie scattering __knowledge__ The term \"Mie theory\" is sometimes used for this collection of solutions and methods; it does not refer to an independent physical theory or law.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ Skyglow (or sky glow) is the diffuse luminance of the night sky, apart from discrete light sources such as the Moon and visible individual stars.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ It is a commonly noticed aspect of light pollution.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ While usually referring to sky luminance arising from artificial lighting, skyglow may also involve any nighttime sources of diffuse light, including natural ones like the zodiacal light, starlight, and airglow.", "Skyglow __knowledge__ In the context of light pollution, skyglow arises from the use of artificial light sources, including electrical (or rarely gas) lighting used for illumination and advertisement, and from gas flares.", "Eye color __knowledge__ Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.", "Eye color __knowledge__ In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma.", "Eye color __knowledge__ The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel eyes, results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the blueness of the sky called Rayleigh scattering.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass.", "Scattering __knowledge__ In conventional use, this also includes deviation of reflected radiation from the angle predicted by the law of reflection.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Reflections that undergo scattering are often called \"diffuse reflections\" and unscattered reflections are called \"specular\" (mirror-like) reflections.", "Scattering __knowledge__ Scattering may also refer to particle-particle collisions between molecules, atoms, electrons, photons and other particles.", "Raman scattering __knowledge__ Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon by molecules which are excited to higher vibrational or rotational energy levels.", "Raman scattering __knowledge__ It was discovered by C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan (who was a student of C.V. Raman) in liquids, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in crystals.", "Raman scattering __knowledge__ The effect had been predicted theoretically by Adolf Smekal in 1923.", "Raman scattering __knowledge__ When photons are scattered from an atom or molecule, most of them are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering), such that the scattered photons have the same energy (frequency and wavelength) as the incident photons." ] ]	[ 5, 5, 39 ]	[ "I love blue. Most of my clothes are blue like the sky!", "I love sea blue. DId you know that we see natural blues because of an optical effect called Rayleigh scattering?", "All of the primary colors. It occurs when light goes through transparent solids and liquids." ]	[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]
[ "Chicago Loop", "No I haven't! What is there to do there?", "That's really cool! What are the first two?", "Wow that is so many people, have you ever been to New York?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is the central business district or downtown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ It is one of the city's 77 designated community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to Chicago's commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ In the late nineteenth century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area, giving the Loop its name.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The community area is bounded on the north and west by the Chicago River, on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the south by Roosevelt Road, although the commercial core has expanded into adjacent community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ As a business center, some of the corporations the Loop hosts include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the world's largest options and futures contracts open interest exchange; the headquarters of United Continental Holdings, one of the world's largest airlines; AON; Blue Cross Blue Shield; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; BorgWarner, and other major corporations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to 500 acre Grant Park; State Street, which hosts a historic shopping district; the Art Institute of Chicago; several theaters; and numerous subway and elevated rapid transit stations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ Other institutions in the Loop include the Willis Tower, once the tallest building in the world, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Goodman Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, the central public Harold Washington Library, and the Chicago Cultural Center." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is the central business district or downtown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ It is one of the city's 77 designated community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to Chicago's commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ In the late nineteenth century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area, giving the Loop its name.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The community area is bounded on the north and west by the Chicago River, on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the south by Roosevelt Road, although the commercial core has expanded into adjacent community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ As a business center, some of the corporations the Loop hosts include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the world's largest options and futures contracts open interest exchange; the headquarters of United Continental Holdings, one of the world's largest airlines; AON; Blue Cross Blue Shield; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; BorgWarner, and other major corporations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to 500 acre Grant Park; State Street, which hosts a historic shopping district; the Art Institute of Chicago; several theaters; and numerous subway and elevated rapid transit stations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ Other institutions in the Loop include the Willis Tower, once the tallest building in the world, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Goodman Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, the central public Harold Washington Library, and the Chicago Cultural Center.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Chicago Central Area Transit Plan __knowledge__ The Chicago Central Area Transit Plan, or generally referred to as the Chicago Central Area Transit Project (CCATP) in the 1970s, was an extensive study of the rapid transit system in downtown Chicago; the study had begun in 1965.", "Chicago Central Area Transit Plan __knowledge__ In April 1968, the completed study resulted in a three-volume report that proposed a series of recommendations for redeveloping and expanding Central Area communities, and for the replacement of The Loop elevated rapid transit system with a new Loop Subway under Randolph, Franklin, Van Buren, and Wabash, and a new Distributor Subway system in downtown Chicago (see Chicago \"L\").", "Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad __knowledge__ The Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad, also known as the North Shore Line, was an interurban railroad that served the northern Chicago metropolitan area, and southeastern Wisconsin.", "Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad __knowledge__ The North Shore Line provided electric freight and passenger service between the Chicago Loop and downtown Milwaukee.", "Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad __knowledge__ The high standard to which the railroad was built, in conjunction with its fast operating speeds and streamlined \"Electroliner\" service, led author and rail historian William D. Middleton to deem the North Shore Line a \"super interurban\".", "Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad __knowledge__ The North Shore Line was formed in 1916, when industrialist Samuel Insull acquired the Chicago and Milwaukee Electric Railway Company.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ At the end of the 20th century there were a total of 270,000 Jews in the Chicago area, with 30% in the city limits.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ In 1995 there were 154,000 Jews in the suburbs of Chicago.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ Of them, over 80% of the Jews in the suburbs of Chicago live in the northern and northwestern suburbs.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ In 1995, the largest Jewish community in the City of Chicago was in West Rogers Park.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ By 1995 the Jewish population within the City of Chicago had been declining, and it tended to be older and more well educated than the Chicago average.", "History of the Jews in Chicago __knowledge__ Jews in Chicago came from many national origins including those in Europe and Middle East, with Eastern Europe and Germany being the most common.", "Chicago Tunnel Company __knowledge__ The Chicago Tunnel Company built a narrow gauge railway freight tunnel network under the downtown of the city of Chicago.", "Chicago Tunnel Company __knowledge__ This was regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission as an interurban even though it operated entirely under central Chicago, did not carry passengers, and was entirely underground.", "Chicago Tunnel Company __knowledge__ It inspired the construction of the London Post Office Railway.", "Chicago Tunnel Company __knowledge__ The city of Chicago granted the newly formed Illinois Telephone and Telegraph company the rights to construct utility tunnels under the streets of Chicago in 1899 to carry its planned network of telephone cables.", "Chicago Tunnel Company __knowledge__ Initial plans for the tunnels called for filling them with phone cables, leaving a by passage for maintenance.", "O'Hare International Airport __knowledge__ Chicago O'Hare International Airport , also known as O'Hare Airport, Chicago O'Hare, or simply O'Hare (), is an international airport located on the Far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, northwest of the Chicago Loop.", "O'Hare International Airport __knowledge__ It is the primary airport serving the Chicago metropolitan area, with Midway International Airport, which is about closer to the Loop and serves as a secondary airport.", "O'Hare International Airport __knowledge__ It is operated by the City of Chicago Department of Aviation.", "O'Hare International Airport __knowledge__ O'Hare was the busiest airport in the world by the number of takeoffs and landings in 2014, ahead of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, which held the title from 2005 to 2013; however, it lost that title back to Atlanta a year later." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is the central business district or downtown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ It is one of the city's 77 designated community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to Chicago's commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ In the late nineteenth century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area, giving the Loop its name.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The community area is bounded on the north and west by the Chicago River, on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the south by Roosevelt Road, although the commercial core has expanded into adjacent community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ As a business center, some of the corporations the Loop hosts include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the world's largest options and futures contracts open interest exchange; the headquarters of United Continental Holdings, one of the world's largest airlines; AON; Blue Cross Blue Shield; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; BorgWarner, and other major corporations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to 500 acre Grant Park; State Street, which hosts a historic shopping district; the Art Institute of Chicago; several theaters; and numerous subway and elevated rapid transit stations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ Other institutions in the Loop include the Willis Tower, once the tallest building in the world, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Goodman Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, the central public Harold Washington Library, and the Chicago Cultural Center.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ My Ruin is an American Los Angeles-based alternative metal band, composed of the husband and wife duo Tairrie B and Mick Murphy.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ The band has been through various line-up changes since its formation in 1999.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its fanbase is mostly in the UK.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Its sound consists of passionate vocals set against heavy rock beats.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Vocalist Tairrie B Murphy has cultivated a reputation both on and off the stage for her aggressive performances and acerbic vocal style.", "My Ruin __knowledge__ Over the decade since the band's formation, the sound has evolved and become heavier with each record, with Mick Murphy’s guitar playing becoming a prominent feature along with his solos and riffs.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ \"Dirty Picture\" is a song by British R&B singer Taio Cruz, released from his second studio album, \"Rokstarr\" (2009).", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Cruz alongside Fraser T Smith, and later released as the album's third single on 5 April 2010.", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ Originally, Cruz wanted the female vocals to be done by Lady Gaga but opted to switch to Kesha due to heavy influence by Dr. Luke and for finding her voice unique.", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ It was released as the third single from \"Rokstarr\" on 5 April 2010 and was later re-recorded as an album bonus track for Kesha's debut album, \"Animal\", dubbed the \"Kesha edit\".", "Dirty Picture __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song is about sending a dirty picture to a significant other whom you miss.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead, vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this perspective.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" is a concept album, with each song telling the story of the protagonist's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ A rough mix of \"Car Underwater\" was made available in November, followed by two US tours in February 2005.", "What to Do When You Are Dead __knowledge__ \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" was released on February 22 through independent label Equal Vision Records.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago ( or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ With over 2.7 million residents, it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ It is the county seat of Cook County.", "Chicago __knowledge__ The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the United States.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago has often been called a global architecture capital and is considered one of the most important business centers in the world.", "Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ With 1,615,017 people (), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people .", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.", "California __knowledge__ California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.", "California __knowledge__ With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area.", "California __knowledge__ The state capital is Sacramento.", "California __knowledge__ The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively.", "California __knowledge__ Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City.", "California __knowledge__ California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ Milwaukee (, ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ The city's estimated population in 2015 was 600,155.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ It is also part of the larger Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,026,243 in the 2010 census.", "Milwaukee __knowledge__ Milwaukee is also the second most densely populated metropolitan area in the Midwest, surpassed only by Chicago.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is the central business district or downtown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ It is one of the city's 77 designated community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to Chicago's commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ In the late nineteenth century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area, giving the Loop its name.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The community area is bounded on the north and west by the Chicago River, on the east by Lake Michigan, and on the south by Roosevelt Road, although the commercial core has expanded into adjacent community areas.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ As a business center, some of the corporations the Loop hosts include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the world's largest options and futures contracts open interest exchange; the headquarters of United Continental Holdings, one of the world's largest airlines; AON; Blue Cross Blue Shield; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; BorgWarner, and other major corporations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ The Loop is home to 500 acre Grant Park; State Street, which hosts a historic shopping district; the Art Institute of Chicago; several theaters; and numerous subway and elevated rapid transit stations.", "Chicago Loop __knowledge__ Other institutions in the Loop include the Willis Tower, once the tallest building in the world, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Goodman Theatre, the Joffrey Ballet, the central public Harold Washington Library, and the Chicago Cultural Center.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ WOW Cafe (Women's One World) is a feminist theater space in New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, WOW Cafe was central to the avant garde theatre and performance art scene in the East Village, New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ Among the artists who have presented at the space are Lisa Kron, Holly Hughes, Deb Margolin, Dancenoise, Carmelita Tropicana, Eileen Myles, Split Britches, and The Five Lesbian Brothers.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ The WOW Cafe began when two of the founding members, Lois Weaver and Peggy Shaw were traveling Europe with performance troupes Spiderwoman Theater and Hot Peaches, and after seeing women’s theater festivals during their tour were inspired to establish one in America.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ With 1,615,017 people (), Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley.", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3 million people .", "Phoenix, Arizona __knowledge__ In addition, Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and, at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km), it is the largest city in the state, more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ Pennsylvania locations listed by per capita income This is a list of incorporated areas and census-designated places in Pennsylvania.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ The list is ranked from highest capita income to lowest per capita income.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ There are communities not on the list because they are not incorporated nor a census-designated place.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ If you are unable to find a location, try looking it up under the township in which it is located.", "List of Pennsylvania locations by per capita income __knowledge__ 101 Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $33,500 102 Newtown Grant, Pennsylvania $33,485 103 Wallace Township, Pennsylvania $33,437 104 East Caln Township, Pennsylvania $33,430 105 O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania $33,356 106 Pennsbury Village, Pennsylvania $33,339 107 Bear Creek Village, Pennsylvania $33,324 108 Upper Uwchlan Township, Pennsylvania $33,256 109 West Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania $33,245 110 Maple Glen, Pennsylvania $33,058 111 Northampton Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $33,028 112 Lionville-Marchwood, Pennsylvania $33,003 113 Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania $32,946 114 East Washington, Pennsylvania $32,852 115 Flourtown, Pennsylvania $32,848 116 Upper Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania $32,806 117 Yardley, Pennsylvania $32,802 118 Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania $32,737 119 Springfield Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $32,628 120 Kilbuck Township, Pennsylvania $32,582 121 Churchville, Pennsylvania $32,507 122 West Goshen Township, Pennsylvania $32,487 123 Ohio Township, Pennsylvania $32,446 124 Montgomery Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $32,349 125 Wyncote, Pennsylvania $32,340 126 East Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania $32,258 127 Doylestown, Pennsylvania $32,249 128 Village Shires, Pennsylvania $32,198 129 East Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania $32,178 130 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania $32,070 131 Municipality of Murrysville, Pennsylvania $32,017 132 Richboro, Pennsylvania $31,954 133 Harris Township, Pennsylvania $31,904 134 McCandless, Pennsylvania $31,792 135 East Pikeland Township, Pennsylvania $31,774 136 Silver Spring Township, Pennsylvania $31,728 137 Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania $31,424 138 Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $31,365 139 Aspinwall, Pennsylvania $31,344 140 Trappe, Pennsylvania $31,281 141 Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania $31,254 142 Upper Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $31,251 143 Skippack, Pennsylvania $31,185 144 Westmont, Pennsylvania $30,868 145 Evansburg, Pennsylvania $30,830 146 Pottsgrove, Pennsylvania $30,649 147 West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania $30,627 148 Sewickley, Pennsylvania $30,571 149 Paoli, Pennsylvania $30,570 150 Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania $30,559 151 Upper Milford Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $30,454 152 West Bradford Township, Pennsylvania $30,405 153 New Garden Township, Pennsylvania $30,364 154 Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $30,331 155 Lower Saucon Township, Pennsylvania $30,280 156 East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania $30,258 157 Lower Macungie Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $30,202 158 Durham Township, Pennsylvania $29,913 159 Jenkintown, Pennsylvania $29,834 160 Haverford Township, Pennsylvania $29,749 161 Salford Township, Pennsylvania $29,740 162 Warwick Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $29,734 163 Laflin, Pennsylvania $29,581 164 New Kingstown, Pennsylvania $29,541 165 Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $29,418 166 Plumstead Township, Pennsylvania $29,411 167 Hanover Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $29,370 168 Springfield Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $29,355 169 Bethel Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $29,349 170 Seven Fields, Pennsylvania $29,215 171 South Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $29,213 172 Boalsburg, Pennsylvania $29,209 173 Schaefferstown, Pennsylvania $29,176 174 Bedminster Township, Pennsylvania $29,153 175 Fernville, Pennsylvania $29,098 176 Hampton Township, Pennsylvania $29,071 177 Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania $29,052 178 Cumru Township, Pennsylvania $28,996 179 Hampden Township, Pennsylvania $28,977 180 Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania $28,967 181 South Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $28,956 182 New Britain Township, Pennsylvania $28,923 183 Plymouth Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $28,862 184 Old Orchard, Pennsylvania $28,851 185 Upper Macungie Township, Pennsylvania $28,801 186 Spring Garden Township, York County, Pennsylvania $28,784 187 East Norriton Township, Pennsylvania $28,749 188 Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $28,730 189 Guilford, Pennsylvania $28,723 190 Lemoyne, Pennsylvania $28,705 191 Grantley, Pennsylvania $28,703 192 Whitfield, Pennsylvania $28,666 193 Horsham Township, Pennsylvania $28,542 194 Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania $28,504 195 West Norriton Township, Pennsylvania $28,497 196 Marple Township, Pennsylvania $28,494 197 Hershey, Pennsylvania $28,487 198 Lower Salford Township, Pennsylvania $28,408 199 Lowhill Township, Pennsylvania $28,317 200 Leidy Township, Pennsylvania $28,279 201 Glenburn Township, Pennsylvania $28,259 202 Camp Hill, Pennsylvania $28,256 203 Kulpsville, Pennsylvania $28,244 204 East Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania $28,192 205 Media, Pennsylvania $28,188 206 Middle Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $28,146 207 Audubon, Pennsylvania $28,144 208 Salisbury Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $28,073 209 Brittany Farms-Highlands, Pennsylvania $28,067 210 Franklin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $28,057 211 Lower Allen, Pennsylvania $27,956 212 Jefferson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $27,951 213 West Goshen, Pennsylvania $27,912 214 Cornwall, Pennsylvania $27,904 215 Perkiomen Township, Pennsylvania $27,800 216 East Vincent Township, Pennsylvania $27,799 217 Valley View, York County, Pennsylvania $27,794 218 New Morgan, Pennsylvania $27,769 219 Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania $27,757 220 Lower Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $27,700 221 North Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania $27,664 222 London Grove Township, Pennsylvania $27,654 223 Indian Lake, Pennsylvania $27,630 224 Amity Gardens, Pennsylvania $27,614 225 Upper Saucon Township, Pennsylvania $27,606 226 Lower Milford Township, Pennsylvania $27,572 227 Schnecksville, Pennsylvania $27,533 228 South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $27,486 229 Green Tree, Pennsylvania $27,480 230 West Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania $27,436 231 Stonybrook-Wilshire, Pennsylvania $27,418 232 Springfield Township, York County, Pennsylvania $27,410 233 South Abington Township, Pennsylvania $27,382 234 Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $27,349 235 Lavelle-Locustdale, Pennsylvania $27,323 236 Limerick Township, Pennsylvania $27,305 237 Langhorne Manor, Pennsylvania $27,302 238 Nixon, Pennsylvania $27,269 239 Trooper, Pennsylvania $27,268 240 East Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $27,257 241 Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $27,249 242 Eulalia Township, Pennsylvania $27,245 243 Wyalusing, Pennsylvania $27,229 244 Weisenberg Township, Pennsylvania $27,163 245 Elverson, Pennsylvania $27,162 246 Indiana Township, Pennsylvania $27,068 247 Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $27,027 248 Duncan Township, Pennsylvania $27,001 249 Monroe Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $26,978 250 Macungie, Pennsylvania $26,965 251 Leith-Hatfield, Pennsylvania $26,943 252 Conewago Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $26,898 253 Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $26,802 254 Roaring Brook Township, Pennsylvania $26,773 255 Oakmont, Pennsylvania $26,716 256 Upper Salford Township, Pennsylvania $26,672 257 Lower Nazareth Township, Pennsylvania $26,624 258 North Wales, Pennsylvania $26,590 259 Harleysville, Pennsylvania $26,572 260 Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $26,572 261 Warwick Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $26,547 262 Rockland Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,530 263 Ivyland, Pennsylvania $26,525 264 Forest Hills, Pennsylvania $26,505 265 Spring Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,493 266 East Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $26,459 267 Moon Township, Pennsylvania $26,457 268 Lake Heritage, Pennsylvania $26,450 269 Leet Township, Pennsylvania $26,415 270 Ben Avon, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $26,408 271 Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $26,397 272 Glenside, Pennsylvania $26,393 273 Upper Southampton Township, Pennsylvania $26,362 274 Ancient Oaks, Pennsylvania $26,360 275 Conyngham, Pennsylvania $26,352 276 Penn Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $26,346 277 Fairview Township, York County, Pennsylvania $26,343 278 Pine Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $26,319 279 Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania $26,273 280 Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $26,256 281 Chalfont, Pennsylvania $26,248 282 Lower Providence Township, Pennsylvania $26,186 283 Forks Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $26,180 284 Linntown, Pennsylvania $26,149 285 Nockamixon Township, Pennsylvania $26,145 286 North Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $26,139 287 Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $26,116 288 South Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $26,082 289 Union Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $26,014 290 Mount Gretna Heights, Pennsylvania $25,996 291 Bern Township, Pennsylvania $25,969 292 Ross Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $25,883 293 Bethel Park, Pennsylvania $25,867 294 Reiffton, Pennsylvania $25,866 295 Warrington Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $25,810 296 Hilltown Township, Pennsylvania $25,800 297 Dalton, Pennsylvania $25,760 298 Fernway, Pennsylvania $25,759 299 Franconia Township, Pennsylvania $25,751 300 Ferndale, Pennsylvania $25,750 301 Southmont, Pennsylvania $25,750 302 Palmer Township, Pennsylvania $25,722 303 Brecknock Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $25,712 304 Avonia, Pennsylvania $25,709 305 Spring Mount, Pennsylvania $25,690 306 Upper Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $25,607 307 Tyler Run-Queens Gate, Pennsylvania $25,589 308 Deer Lake, Pennsylvania $25,577 309 Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,576 310 Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $25,555 311 Caln Township $25,494 312 Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania $25,471 313 Haycock Township, Pennsylvania $25,431 314 North Coventry Township, Pennsylvania $25,418 315 Morton, Pennsylvania $25,408 316 Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania $25,382 317 East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $25,376 318 Thorndale, Pennsylvania $25,376 319 North Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $25,334 320 Monaghan Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,317 321 Neshannock Township, Pennsylvania $25,312 322 Willow Street, Pennsylvania $25,292 323 Allison Township, Pennsylvania $25,265 324 Lemont, Pennsylvania $25,253 325 Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $25,213 326 West Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania $25,211 327 Lansdowne, Pennsylvania $25,177 328 York Township, York County, Pennsylvania $25,169 329 Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $25,141 330 Jackson Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $25,127 331 Horsham, Pennsylvania $25,116 332 Lower Frederick Township, Pennsylvania $25,113 333 Richland Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $25,085 334 New Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $25,084 335 Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania $25,083 336 Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania $25,080 337 Exeter Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $25,071 338 Hatfield Township, Pennsylvania $25,051 339 Ligonier Township, Pennsylvania $25,049 340 Quentin, Pennsylvania $25,037 341 West Rockhill Township, Pennsylvania $25,026 342 Ontelaunee Township, Pennsylvania $24,996 343 North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $24,983 344 West Cornwall Township, Pennsylvania $24,982 345 Upper Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $24,978 346 Dickinson Township, Pennsylvania $24,977 347 Broomall, Pennsylvania $24,940 348 Riegelsville, Pennsylvania $24,916 349 Lima, Pennsylvania $24,908 350 Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $24,902 351 Clark, Pennsylvania $24,892 352 East York, Pennsylvania $24,883 353 Collier Township, Pennsylvania $24,841 354 Shrewsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,841 355 Glade Township, Pennsylvania $24,839 356 West Middletown, Pennsylvania $24,834 357 New Freedom, Pennsylvania $24,828 358 New London Township, Pennsylvania $24,824 359 Fox Run, Pennsylvania $24,810 360 Scott Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $24,791 361 Willow Grove, Pennsylvania $24,740 362 Lower Allen Township, Pennsylvania $24,735 363 Whitehall, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $24,730 364 West Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania $24,713 365 New Cumberland, Pennsylvania $24,672 366 Milford Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $24,663 367 Maidencreek Township, Pennsylvania $24,662 368 Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $24,652 369 Upper Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $24,611 370 Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,608 371 Elk Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $24,604 372 East Rockhill Township, Pennsylvania $24,594 373 Spry, Pennsylvania $24,564 374 Yatesville, Pennsylvania $24,551 375 Bally, Pennsylvania $24,537 376 Wilkins Township, Pennsylvania $24,515 377 Dallas Township, Pennsylvania $24,501 378 Harmar Township, Pennsylvania $24,486 379 Dallas, Pennsylvania $24,466 380 Scott Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $24,439 381 Park Forest Village, Pennsylvania $24,425 382 Penn Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $24,396 383 South Middleton Township, Pennsylvania $24,370 384 Lower Southampton Township, Pennsylvania $24,367 385 Linglestown, Pennsylvania $24,347 386 Lawnton, Pennsylvania $24,342 387 Frankstown Township, Pennsylvania $24,329 388 Franklin Township, York County, Pennsylvania $24,322 389 South Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania $24,296 390 Stormstown, Pennsylvania $24,292 391 Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $24,279 392 Salunga-Landisville, Pennsylvania $24,258 393 Oreland, Pennsylvania $24,256 394 Beurys Lake, Pennsylvania $24,247 395 Washington Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $24,246 396 Cornwells Heights-Eddington, Pennsylvania $24,171 397 College Township, Pennsylvania $24,163 398 Hulmeville, Pennsylvania $24,153 399 Brodheadsville, Pennsylvania $24,140 400 Upper Allen Township, Pennsylvania $24,127 401 Highland Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $24,113 402 Mahoning Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $24,099 403 Robesonia, Pennsylvania $24,093 404 Municipality of Monroeville, Pennsylvania $24,031 405 Halfway House, Pennsylvania $24,023 406 Topton, Pennsylvania $24,009 407 Beaver, Pennsylvania $24,003 408 Eastlawn Gardens, Pennsylvania $23,985 409 Monroe Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $23,963 410 Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania $23,960 411 Palmer Heights, Pennsylvania $23,959 412 Lower Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $23,958 413 Shenandoah Heights, Pennsylvania $23,898 414 Ruscombmanor Township, Pennsylvania $23,889 415 Kingston Township, Pennsylvania $23,885 416 Allen Township, Pennsylvania $23,859 417 Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania $23,857 418 Pike Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $23,857 419 Shanor-Northvue, Pennsylvania $23,852 420 South Strabane Township, Pennsylvania $23,829 421 Silverdale, Pennsylvania $23,814 422 Boothwyn, Pennsylvania $23,811 423 Ridley Park, Pennsylvania $23,806 424 Wright Township, Pennsylvania $23,787 425 Wickerham Manor-Fisher, Pennsylvania $23,781 426 Bridgeton Township, Pennsylvania $23,779 427 Buckingham Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $23,757 428 Riverside, Pennsylvania $23,732 429 Brookhaven, Pennsylvania $23,706 430 East Allen Township, Pennsylvania $23,684 431 Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania $23,666 432 Catawissa Township, Pennsylvania $23,635 433 Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $23,627 434 Shiloh, Pennsylvania $23,625 435 Halfmoon Township, Pennsylvania $23,596 436 Bushkill Township, Pennsylvania $23,569 437 Milford Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $23,559 438 Zelienople, Pennsylvania $23,555 439 Heidelberg Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $23,521 440 Middlesex Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $23,508 441 Heidelberg Township, York County, Pennsylvania $23,506 442 Carroll Township, York County, Pennsylvania $23,481 443 Loyalsock Township, Pennsylvania $23,480 444 Stroud Township, Pennsylvania $23,460 445 North Strabane Township, Pennsylvania $23,457 446 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania $23,442 447 Skyline View, Pennsylvania $23,418 448 Upper Chichester Township, Pennsylvania $23,412 449 Lower Alsace Township, Pennsylvania $23,379 450 Village Green-Green Ridge, Pennsylvania $23,373 451 Lebanon South, Pennsylvania $23,358 452 Strasburg, Pennsylvania $23,346 453 Fairview Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $23,333 454 Greenwich Township, Pennsylvania $23,332 455 Cooke Township, Pennsylvania $23,309 456 East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $23,296 457 Greene Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $23,288 458 Paxtonia, Pennsylvania $23,279 459 Lower Swatara Township, Pennsylvania $23,271 460 South Heidelberg Township, Pennsylvania $23,266 461 Emmaus, Pennsylvania $23,245 462 Lake Meade, Pennsylvania $23,229 463 Hermitage, Pennsylvania $23,227 464 Jacobus, Pennsylvania $23,224 465 Shaler Township, Pennsylvania $23,223 466 Paxtang, Pennsylvania $23,217 467 Colebrookdale Township, Pennsylvania $23,208 468 Aston Township, Pennsylvania $23,206 469 Rye Township, Pennsylvania $23,203 470 Centre Hall, Pennsylvania $23,195 471 Enon Valley, Pennsylvania $23,161 472 Herndon, Pennsylvania $23,156 473 Jackson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $23,141 474 Folsom, Pennsylvania $23,131 475 Back Mountain, Pennsylvania $23,105 476 South Pottstown, Pennsylvania $23,099 477 Collegeville, Pennsylvania $23,080 478 Starrucca, Pennsylvania $23,071 479 Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania $23,053 480 Jefferson Hills, Pennsylvania $23,006 481 Freedom Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $23,005 482 Cheswick, Pennsylvania $22,982 483 West Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,982 484 Brown Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $22,970 485 Meridian, Pennsylvania $22,962 486 North Middleton Township, Pennsylvania $22,947 487 Lorane, Pennsylvania $22,920 488 Phoenixville, Pennsylvania $22,911 489 Douglass Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,895 490 Tilden Township, Pennsylvania $22,879 491 Hallam, Pennsylvania $22,868 492 Patton Township, Pennsylvania $22,860 493 Greencastle, Pennsylvania $22,844 494 Reed Township, Pennsylvania $22,839 495 Arlington Heights, Pennsylvania $22,831 496 Warwick Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,831 497 Campbelltown, Pennsylvania $22,827 498 Pine Grove Mills, Pennsylvania $22,822 499 Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania $22,812 500 Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania $22,795 501 Liberty Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $22,789 502 Perry Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $22,784 503 Cumberland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $22,782 504 East Lampeter Township, Pennsylvania $22,744 505 Ferguson Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $22,724 506 Rutherford, Pennsylvania $22,706 507 Lynn Township, Pennsylvania $22,688 508 Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,652 509 Upper Frederick Township, Pennsylvania $22,640 510 Penn Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,621 511 Orange Township, Pennsylvania $22,608 512 South Waverly, Pennsylvania $22,608 513 Jefferson Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,584 514 Rush Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $22,579 515 Berwick Township, Pennsylvania $22,573 516 Robeson Township, Pennsylvania $22,550 517 Yeadon, Pennsylvania $22,546 518 West Donegal Township, Pennsylvania $22,545 519 Orwigsburg, Pennsylvania $22,538 520 Progress, Pennsylvania $22,533 521 Mechanicsville, Montour County, Pennsylvania $22,528 522 Earl Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,527 523 Howe Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $22,521 524 Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania $22,517 525 East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania $22,517 526 North Towanda Township, Pennsylvania $22,494 527 Mountaintop, Pennsylvania $22,480 528 Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $22,476 529 Barrett Township, Pennsylvania $22,465 530 Economy, Pennsylvania $22,453 531 Sugarloaf Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $22,444 532 Brighton Township, Pennsylvania $22,437 533 Colonial Park, Pennsylvania $22,436 534 Upper Augusta Township, Pennsylvania $22,433 535 Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,425 536 Mount Joy Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,380 537 Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $22,376 538 Bareville, Pennsylvania $22,369 539 Leacock-Leola-Bareville, Pennsylvania $22,369 540 Leola, Pennsylvania $22,369 541 Hellam Township, York County, Pennsylvania $22,345 542 Cecil Township, Pennsylvania $22,340 543 Marklesburg, Pennsylvania $22,329 544 Millcreek Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $22,329 545 Saxton, Pennsylvania $22,326 546 Pequea Township, Pennsylvania $22,323 547 Shillington, Pennsylvania $22,322 548 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania $22,292 549 Heidelberg Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $22,291 550 Millerstown, Pennsylvania $22,289 551 Warminster Township, Pennsylvania $22,285 552 Middletown, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $22,282 553 North Cornwall Township, Pennsylvania $22,244 554 Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $22,243 555 Twilight, Pennsylvania $22,236 556 Imperial-Enlow, Pennsylvania $22,226 557 Washington Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $22,219 558 Deerfield Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $22,217 559 Tullytown, Pennsylvania $22,206 560 Sandycreek Township, Pennsylvania $22,165 561 Fullerton, Pennsylvania $22,164 562 Feasterville-Trevose, Pennsylvania $22,161 563 Mercer, Pennsylvania $22,161 564 Hamilton Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $22,153 565 Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania $22,148 566 Clifton Township, Pennsylvania $22,142 567 Porter Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $22,139 568 Aldan, Pennsylvania $22,134 569 Womelsdorf, Pennsylvania $22,133 570 Conshohocken, Pennsylvania $22,128 571 East Hanover Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $22,108 572 Oak Hills, Pennsylvania $22,106 573 Lansdale, Pennsylvania $22,096 574 Stewartstown, Pennsylvania $22,095 575 St. Lawrence, Pennsylvania $22,088 576 Schlusser, Pennsylvania $22,084 577 Telford Township, Pennsylvania $22,075 578 Telford, Pennsylvania $22,075 579 Rice Township, Pennsylvania $22,069 580 Hunker, Pennsylvania $22,045 581 South Annville Township, Pennsylvania $22,040 582 Mill Creek Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $22,034 583 Sylvania Township, Pennsylvania $22,029 584 Mountville, Pennsylvania $22,010 585 Thornbury Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $21,987 586 Perkasie, Pennsylvania $21,986 587 Patterson Township, Pennsylvania $21,982 588 East Petersburg, Pennsylvania $21,979 589 Conestoga Township, Pennsylvania $21,939 590 Saxonburg, Pennsylvania $21,931 591 Hatboro, Pennsylvania $21,911 592 Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania $21,890 593 New Centerville, Pennsylvania $21,873 594 Wernersville, Pennsylvania $21,858 595 Kenilworth, Pennsylvania $21,849 596 Lancaster Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,845 597 Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $21,839 598 Highland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $21,834 599 Moore Township, Pennsylvania $21,829 600 Shiremanstown, Pennsylvania $21,812 601 Vernon Township, Pennsylvania $21,808 602 Rutledge, Pennsylvania $21,800 603 Center Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,790 604 Dublin, Pennsylvania $21,778 605 Londonderry Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $21,773 606 Blair Township, Pennsylvania $21,764 607 Tatamy, Pennsylvania $21,759 608 Souderton, Pennsylvania $21,758 609 North Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania $21,756 610 Mount Penn, Pennsylvania $21,738 611 Moscow, Pennsylvania $21,725 612 Roaring Creek Township, Pennsylvania $21,725 613 West Hanover Township, Pennsylvania $21,723 614 Harmony, Pennsylvania $21,693 615 Coopersburg, Pennsylvania $21,689 616 Ambler, Pennsylvania $21,688 617 Bethany, Pennsylvania $21,683 618 Penn Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $21,681 619 Lewis Run, Pennsylvania $21,670 620 West Manheim Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,670 621 District Township, Pennsylvania $21,663 622 Hereford Township, Pennsylvania $21,661 623 Eagleville, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania $21,642 624 Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania $21,641 625 Downingtown, Pennsylvania $21,634 626 Gilbertsville, Pennsylvania $21,633 627 Muhlenberg Township, Pennsylvania $21,624 628 Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,611 629 Fleetwood, Pennsylvania $21,600 630 Springdale Township, Pennsylvania $21,598 631 Union Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $21,597 632 Longswamp Township, Pennsylvania $21,592 633 Oley Township, Pennsylvania $21,565 634 Laurel Mountain, Pennsylvania $21,564 635 Woodward Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $21,554 636 Ramblewood, Pennsylvania $21,551 637 Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,551 638 East Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,540 639 South Park Township, Pennsylvania $21,538 640 Dingman Township, Pennsylvania $21,519 641 Albany Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $21,509 642 Langhorne, Pennsylvania $21,479 643 Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $21,472 644 Benton Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $21,463 645 Valley Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $21,458 646 West Earl Township, Pennsylvania $21,457 647 Pocono Township, Pennsylvania $21,452 648 Crafton, Pennsylvania $21,441 649 Treasure Lake, Pennsylvania $21,438 650 Ridley Township, Pennsylvania $21,437 651 Buffalo Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $21,434 652 White Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $21,432 653 Findlay Township, Pennsylvania $21,417 654 West Reading, Pennsylvania $21,414 655 Paradise Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $21,408 656 Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $21,404 657 Lehigh Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania $21,400 658 Carlisle, Pennsylvania $21,394 659 Hummelstown, Pennsylvania $21,394 660 Oakdale, Pennsylvania $21,392 661 Mount Joy, Pennsylvania $21,391 662 East Cocalico Township, Pennsylvania $21,387 663 Conneaut Lakeshore, Pennsylvania $21,386 664 Alsace Township, Pennsylvania $21,385 665 Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania $21,383 666 Kenhorst, Pennsylvania $21,379 667 Dennison Township, Pennsylvania $21,373 668 Warrington Township, York County, Pennsylvania $21,368 669 West Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania $21,348 670 Potter Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $21,320 671 Tipton, Pennsylvania $21,320 672 Royersford, Pennsylvania $21,314 673 Upper Nazareth Township, Pennsylvania $21,300 674 Nazareth, Pennsylvania $21,292 675 Carroll Valley, Pennsylvania $21,286 676 Manheim, Pennsylvania $21,276 677 Mohnton, Pennsylvania $21,268 678 Orrtanna, Pennsylvania $21,257 679 Caernarvon Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $21,250 680 Patterson Heights, Pennsylvania $21,244 681 Wind Gap, Pennsylvania $21,239 682 Rockledge, Pennsylvania $21,232 683 Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $21,218 684 Washingtonville, Pennsylvania $21,206 685 Newton Township, Pennsylvania $21,199 686 Burnside Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $21,195 687 Boyertown, Pennsylvania $21,194 688 Jackson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $21,181 689 Mount Joy Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $21,181 690 Moosic, Pennsylvania $21,178 691 Summit Hill, Pennsylvania $21,166 692 Center Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $21,143 693 Reamstown, Pennsylvania $21,143 694 West Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania $21,141 695 Northwest Harborcreek, Pennsylvania $21,135 696 Hatfield, Pennsylvania $21,133 697 Hemlock Township, Pennsylvania $21,125 698 Green Lane, Pennsylvania $21,123 699 Hamilton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $21,122 700 Carnegie, Pennsylvania $21,119 701 Unity Township, Pennsylvania $21,116 702 Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania $21,116 703 Sadsbury Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $21,114 704 Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania $21,111 705 Cleona, Pennsylvania $21,090 706 Delmont, Pennsylvania $21,090 707 Silver Lake Township, Pennsylvania $21,090 708 Lower Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania $21,088 709 Valley Green, Pennsylvania $21,087 710 Wayne Heights, Pennsylvania $21,086 711 New Castle Northwest, Pennsylvania $21,085 712 Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $21,065 713 Heidelberg Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $21,064 714 Rush Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $21,055 715 West View, Pennsylvania $21,025 716 Butler Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $21,020 717 Franklin Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $21,014 718 Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania $21,011 719 Milford, Pennsylvania $21,011 720 Geistown, Pennsylvania $21,002 721 North Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,993 722 Stockertown, Pennsylvania $20,984 723 Zion, Pennsylvania $20,976 724 Herrick Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $20,974 725 West Wyomissing, Pennsylvania $20,969 726 Long Branch, Pennsylvania $20,936 727 Paint Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $20,936 728 Spring City, Pennsylvania $20,931 729 Centerport, Pennsylvania $20,927 730 Blooming Grove Township, Pennsylvania $20,920 731 Baldwin Township, Pennsylvania $20,918 732 Allegheny Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $20,910 733 Elizabeth Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $20,904 734 Upper Leacock Township, Pennsylvania $20,902 735 Woodlyn, Pennsylvania $20,899 736 Elysburg, Pennsylvania $20,897 737 Birdsboro, Pennsylvania $20,890 738 New Britain, Pennsylvania $20,877 739 Athens, Pennsylvania $20,874 740 Westfall Township, Pennsylvania $20,866 741 Plum, Pennsylvania $20,863 742 Liberty Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $20,861 743 Mount Cobb, Pennsylvania $20,855 744 Adamstown, Pennsylvania $20,840 745 Shohola Township, Pennsylvania $20,840 746 Sanatoga, Pennsylvania $20,816 747 Marion Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,808 748 Hopewell Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,802 749 Buffalo Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $20,798 750 North Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $20,786 751 Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania $20,778 752 White Oak, Pennsylvania $20,775 753 Madison, Pennsylvania $20,773 754 Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania $20,770 755 West Caln Township, Pennsylvania $20,752 756 Thornhurst Township, Pennsylvania $20,751 757 Toughkenamon, Pennsylvania $20,745 758 Mount Pleasant Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $20,731 759 Pleasant Township, Pennsylvania $20,731 760 Tobyhanna Township, Pennsylvania $20,726 761 Centre Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,718 762 Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania $20,707 763 Homeacre-Lyndora, Pennsylvania $20,705 764 Gastonville, Pennsylvania $20,696 765 Hamburg, Pennsylvania $20,689 766 Russellton, Pennsylvania $20,682 767 Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $20,673 768 Newberry Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,660 769 North Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $20,654 770 Valley Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $20,648 771 Plainfield Township, Pennsylvania $20,639 772 South Pymatuning Township, Pennsylvania $20,637 773 Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania $20,634 774 Red Hill, Pennsylvania $20,633 775 Muncy Township, Pennsylvania $20,621 776 Sadsbury Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $20,615 777 Warren South, Pennsylvania $20,614 778 Alburtis, Pennsylvania $20,611 779 Lititz, Pennsylvania $20,601 780 Forestville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $20,599 781 North Annville Township, Pennsylvania $20,593 782 Elk Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $20,592 783 Mountainhome, Pennsylvania $20,580 784 Kingston, Pennsylvania $20,568 785 Plunketts Creek Township, Pennsylvania $20,563 786 Quakertown, Pennsylvania $20,562 787 East Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,559 788 Forty Fort, Pennsylvania $20,558 789 East Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania $20,555 790 Washington Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,550 791 Ligonier, Pennsylvania $20,546 792 Jerseytown, Pennsylvania $20,538 793 Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania $20,534 794 Laureldale, Pennsylvania $20,522 795 Dormont, Pennsylvania $20,520 796 Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania $20,518 797 Hanover, Pennsylvania $20,516 798 Dover Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,513 799 Norwood, Pennsylvania $20,513 800 Palmyra, Pennsylvania $20,500 801 Upper Bern Township, Pennsylvania $20,499 802 East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania $20,488 803 Lyons, Pennsylvania $20,459 804 Susquehanna Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $20,456 805 Rostraver Township, Pennsylvania $20,455 806 Washington Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,454 807 Pine Creek Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $20,451 808 Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,451 809 Ralpho Township, Pennsylvania $20,449 810 Speers, Pennsylvania $20,446 811 Swatara Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $20,440 812 McGovern, Pennsylvania $20,437 813 Penn Lake Park, Pennsylvania $20,437 814 Seltzer, Pennsylvania $20,422 815 Sandy Township, Pennsylvania $20,420 816 Rapho Township, Pennsylvania $20,412 817 Rupert, Pennsylvania $20,412 818 Ryan Township, Pennsylvania $20,403 819 North Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $20,399 820 Bradford Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $20,397 821 Carroll Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $20,380 822 West Pittston, Pennsylvania $20,370 823 West Deer Township, Pennsylvania $20,358 824 West Lawn, Pennsylvania $20,357 825 Ringtown, Pennsylvania $20,345 826 Perry Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,343 827 Baidland, Pennsylvania $20,338 828 Lehman Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $20,312 829 West Cocalico Township, Pennsylvania $20,306 830 Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania $20,292 831 Corydon Township, Pennsylvania $20,283 832 Fawn Township, York County, Pennsylvania $20,271 833 Hanover Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $20,265 834 Lenape Heights, Pennsylvania $20,261 835 Guilford Township, Pennsylvania $20,258 836 Greene Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $20,253 837 Dunnstown, Pennsylvania $20,251 838 Point Township, Pennsylvania $20,251 839 Hughestown, Pennsylvania $20,246 840 East Butler, Pennsylvania $20,242 841 Scott Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $20,242 842 Middle Smithfield Township, Pennsylvania $20,235 843 Richmond Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $20,235 844 Latimore Township, Pennsylvania $20,230 845 Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,224 846 West Leechburg, Pennsylvania $20,192 847 New Holland, Pennsylvania $20,187 848 Glenolden, Pennsylvania $20,173 849 Export, Pennsylvania $20,170 850 Hempfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $20,169 851 Penn Hills Township, Pennsylvania $20,161 852 McSherrystown, Pennsylvania $20,158 853 Conoy Township, Pennsylvania $20,157 854 Martic Township, Pennsylvania $20,151 855 Leesport, Pennsylvania $20,148 856 Somerset Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $20,146 857 Pine Grove Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $20,144 858 Lower Burrell, Pennsylvania $20,143 859 Hopewell Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $20,124 860 Spring Grove, Pennsylvania $20,124 861 Hellertown, Pennsylvania $20,119 862 Palmyra Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $20,110 863 Fawn Grove, Pennsylvania $20,105 864 Hebron Township, Pennsylvania $20,101 865 Polk Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $20,090 866 Hasson Heights, Pennsylvania $20,088 867 Grugan Township, Pennsylvania $20,086 868 Cross Roads, Pennsylvania $20,063 869 Franklin Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $20,062 870 East Bangor, Pennsylvania $20,056 871 Londonderry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,055 872 Wilkes-Barre Township, Pennsylvania $20,055 873 Upper Yoder Township, Pennsylvania $20,053 874 Levittown, Pennsylvania $20,047 875 Washington Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $20,046 876 Hepburn Township, Pennsylvania $20,044 877 Houserville, Pennsylvania $20,035 878 Harborcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $20,025 879 Brentwood, Pennsylvania $20,024 880 Chestnuthill Township, Pennsylvania $20,017 881 North Centre Township, Pennsylvania $20,010 882 Kratzerville, Pennsylvania $20,008 883 Ross Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $20,002 884 Liberty Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $19,986 885 Akron, Pennsylvania $19,983 886 Washington Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania $19,980 887 Sellersville, Pennsylvania $19,970 888 West Grove, Pennsylvania $19,967 889 Woodbury, Pennsylvania $19,965 890 Codorus Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,955 891 Newburg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $19,950 892 Winterstown, Pennsylvania $19,934 893 Lehman Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $19,933 894 West Abington Township, Pennsylvania $19,931 895 Shamokin Dam, Pennsylvania $19,923 896 Baldwin, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,918 897 North Codorus Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,912 898 Whitaker, Pennsylvania $19,910 899 South Union Township, Pennsylvania $19,905 900 South Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $19,903 901 Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $19,896 902 Lake Wynonah, Pennsylvania $19,886 903 St. Marys, Pennsylvania $19,885 904 Stillwater, Pennsylvania $19,879 905 Clinton Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $19,874 906 Forward Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,860 907 Blawnox, Pennsylvania $19,858 908 West Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania $19,853 909 Dunmore, Pennsylvania $19,851 910 West Sadsbury Township, Pennsylvania $19,839 911 Georgetown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $19,838 912 Penn Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,833 913 Hometown, Pennsylvania $19,831 914 East Berlin, Pennsylvania $19,818 915 Callimont, Pennsylvania $19,813 916 Fairfield Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,807 917 Washington Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $19,804 918 Dillsburg, Pennsylvania $19,801 919 Prospect Park, Pennsylvania $19,801 920 Springdale, Pennsylvania $19,798 921 Walker Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $19,785 922 Summit Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $19,782 923 Hokendauqua, Pennsylvania $19,771 924 Ridgway Township, Pennsylvania $19,763 925 Mount Wolf, Pennsylvania $19,760 926 Croydon, Pennsylvania $19,751 927 Halifax Township, Pennsylvania $19,749 928 Emigsville, Pennsylvania $19,740 929 East Brunswick Township, Pennsylvania $19,737 930 Strausstown, Pennsylvania $19,733 931 Turbot Township, Pennsylvania $19,732 932 Oneida Township, Pennsylvania $19,729 933 Butler Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,723 934 Hanover Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,722 935 Franklin Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $19,712 936 Plains Township, Pennsylvania $19,712 937 East Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $19,710 938 Denver, Pennsylvania $19,706 939 Wysox Township, Pennsylvania $19,706 940 Bridgewater, Pennsylvania $19,695 941 Ross Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $19,694 942 Jenkins Township, Pennsylvania $19,693 943 North Manheim Township, Pennsylvania $19,683 944 Schwenksville, Pennsylvania $19,679 945 Montrose, Pennsylvania $19,662 946 Young Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $19,661 947 Ephrata, Pennsylvania $19,659 948 Hamilton Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $19,659 949 Montoursville, Pennsylvania $19,648 950 Spring Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,644 951 Cecil-Bishop, Pennsylvania $19,639 952 South Manheim Township, Pennsylvania $19,638 953 Ebensburg, Pennsylvania $19,634 954 Neville Township, Pennsylvania $19,630 955 Towamensing Township, Pennsylvania $19,629 956 Bechtelsville, Pennsylvania $19,627 957 Homer Township, Pennsylvania $19,625 958 Spring Brook Township, Pennsylvania $19,622 959 Meadowood, Pennsylvania $19,616 960 Jefferson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,609 961 Trafford, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $19,608 962 Marysville, Pennsylvania $19,604 963 Ephrata Township, Pennsylvania $19,588 964 Richland Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania $19,582 965 Woodcock, Pennsylvania $19,577 966 Union Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $19,560 967 East Lansdowne, Pennsylvania $19,558 968 Pine Grove, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,547 969 Jennerstown, Pennsylvania $19,540 970 Fayetteville, Pennsylvania $19,537 971 East Berwick, Pennsylvania $19,531 972 Rheems, Pennsylvania $19,530 973 Straban Township, Pennsylvania $19,530 974 Dorrance Township, Pennsylvania $19,519 975 Northampton, Pennsylvania $19,516 976 Millheim, Pennsylvania $19,511 977 Union Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $19,506 978 Connoquenessing Township, Pennsylvania $19,502 979 Bridgeville, Pennsylvania $19,500 980 Cambridge Township, Pennsylvania $19,500 981 Mount Pleasant Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $19,494 982 Liberty, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,491 983 Dunlevy, Pennsylvania $19,487 984 Trafford, Pennsylvania $19,487 985 Crescent Township, Pennsylvania $19,472 986 Emsworth, Pennsylvania $19,471 987 Stockdale, Pennsylvania $19,470 988 Cascade Township, Pennsylvania $19,465 989 Jackson Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,464 990 Penn Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,457 991 Monroe Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $19,455 992 Parkside, Pennsylvania $19,448 993 Weissport East, Pennsylvania $19,432 994 Bear Creek Township, Pennsylvania $19,427 995 Eldred Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,426 996 North Catasauqua, Pennsylvania $19,424 997 Highland Park, Pennsylvania $19,422 998 Bridgeport, Pennsylvania $19,420 999 Wilburton Number Two, Pennsylvania $19,414 1000 Watson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $19,406 1001 Portage Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $19,404 1002 Paradise Township, York County, Pennsylvania $19,389 1003 Sand Hill, Pennsylvania $19,386 1004 Dunnstable Township, Pennsylvania $19,382 1005 West Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania $19,382 1006 Marion Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $19,373 1007 Richland, Pennsylvania $19,365 1008 Raccoon Township, Pennsylvania $19,363 1009 Palmyra Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $19,359 1010 New Stanton, Pennsylvania $19,358 1011 Main Township, Pennsylvania $19,357 1012 Archbald, Pennsylvania $19,352 1013 Hamiltonban Township, Pennsylvania $19,344 1014 Wayne Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $19,335 1015 Slocum Township, Pennsylvania $19,326 1016 Felton, Pennsylvania $19,322 1017 Richlandtown, Pennsylvania $19,322 1018 Carroll Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,312 1019 Carbondale Township, Pennsylvania $19,301 1020 Warren Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $19,296 1021 Franklin Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $19,295 1022 Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $19,279 1023 Wayne Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $19,279 1024 Chambersburg, Pennsylvania $19,278 1025 McHenry Township, Pennsylvania $19,269 1026 Marietta, Pennsylvania $19,265 1027 Windsor Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $19,259 1028 Bellevue, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $19,246 1029 Price Township, Pennsylvania $19,244 1030 West Mead Township, Pennsylvania $19,241 1031 Old Lycoming Township, Pennsylvania $19,236 1032 Bentleyville, Pennsylvania $19,235 1033 Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania $19,229 1034 Old Forge, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,228 1035 Dauphin, Pennsylvania $19,227 1036 Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania $19,218 1037 Millersburg, Pennsylvania $19,217 1038 Swissvale, Pennsylvania $19,216 1039 Ransom Township, Pennsylvania $19,207 1040 Honey Brook, Pennsylvania $19,205 1041 Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania $19,203 1042 Lower Yoder Township, Pennsylvania $19,196 1043 Madison Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $19,196 1044 Leetsdale, Pennsylvania $19,172 1045 Franklin Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $19,166 1046 Goldsboro, Pennsylvania $19,164 1047 Belfast, Pennsylvania $19,155 1048 Sandy Lake Township, Pennsylvania $19,140 1049 Covington Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,132 1050 Lawrence Park, Pennsylvania $19,131 1051 Walker Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $19,130 1052 Terre Hill, Pennsylvania $19,128 1053 Marlin, Pennsylvania $19,122 1054 Lackawaxen Township, Pennsylvania $19,119 1055 Dover, Pennsylvania $19,108 1056 Espy, Pennsylvania $19,108 1057 Pringle, Pennsylvania $19,108 1058 Preston Township, Pennsylvania $19,106 1059 Cashtown-McKnightstown, Pennsylvania $19,105 1060 Quarryville, Pennsylvania $19,105 1061 Mifflinville, Pennsylvania $19,091 1062 Bristol Township, Pennsylvania $19,090 1063 Vanport Township, Pennsylvania $19,088 1064 Parkesburg, Pennsylvania $19,080 1065 Elizabeth Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $19,078 1066 Pottstown, Pennsylvania $19,078 1067 Glen Rock, Pennsylvania $19,076 1068 West Chester, Pennsylvania $19,073 1069 Lightstreet, Pennsylvania $19,071 1070 Jefferson, York County, Pennsylvania $19,070 1071 Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania $19,068 1072 Shenango Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $19,068 1073 East Greenville, Pennsylvania $19,066 1074 Middlecreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $19,066 1075 East Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania $19,063 1076 Centre Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $19,057 1077 Brickerville, Pennsylvania $19,052 1078 Weigelstown, Pennsylvania $19,048 1079 Honey Brook Township, Pennsylvania $19,046 1080 Brackenridge, Pennsylvania $19,040 1081 Friedensburg, Pennsylvania $19,039 1082 Bernville, Pennsylvania $19,038 1083 Overfield Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $19,034 1084 Lawson Heights, Pennsylvania $19,027 1085 Jefferson Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $19,021 1086 Wayne Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $19,011 1087 Clay Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $19,009 1088 Rockefeller Township, Pennsylvania $19,004 1089 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $18,987 1090 Watts Township, Pennsylvania $18,981 1091 Pennsburg, Pennsylvania $18,977 1092 South Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $18,975 1093 Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania $18,965 1094 Cochranton, Pennsylvania $18,960 1095 Millville, Pennsylvania $18,958 1096 Sturgeon-Noblestown, Pennsylvania $18,948 1097 Matamoras, Pennsylvania $18,946 1098 Frazer Township, Pennsylvania $18,937 1099 Salem Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,937 1100 Athens Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $18,936 1101 Tyrone Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,936 1102 Mercersburg, Pennsylvania $18,934 1103 Evans City, Pennsylvania $18,931 1104 Cussewago Township, Pennsylvania $18,918 1105 Chevy Chase Heights, Pennsylvania $18,915 1106 South Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $18,913 1107 Catasauqua, Pennsylvania $18,906 1108 Spring Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $18,896 1109 Pleasant Valley Township, Pennsylvania $18,894 1110 Lower Frankford Township, Pennsylvania $18,891 1111 Fountain Springs, Pennsylvania $18,890 1112 Limestone Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $18,887 1113 Franklintown, Pennsylvania $18,882 1114 North Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $18,869 1115 Gamble Township, Pennsylvania $18,867 1116 Juniata Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,859 1117 Penn Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $18,851 1118 Jefferson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $18,830 1119 Waller, Pennsylvania $18,827 1120 Conewango Township, Pennsylvania $18,823 1121 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $18,816 1122 Parkville, Pennsylvania $18,815 1123 Cooper Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $18,813 1124 Scott Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,806 1125 Elderton, Pennsylvania $18,805 1126 Kutztown, Pennsylvania $18,803 1127 New Salem, Pennsylvania $18,802 1128 Mount Pleasant Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $18,800 1129 Luzerne Township, Pennsylvania $18,797 1130 Hamilton Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $18,796 1131 Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $18,791 1132 Manor Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $18,789 1133 Highspire, Pennsylvania $18,781 1134 Sweden Township, Pennsylvania $18,780 1135 White Haven, Pennsylvania $18,768 1136 Greenwood Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,765 1137 Buffalo Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $18,764 1138 Christiana, Pennsylvania $18,764 1139 Concord Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $18,762 1140 Laporte, Pennsylvania $18,762 1131 Oneida, Pennsylvania $18,756 1142 Vandling, Pennsylvania $18,748 1143 North Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $18,731 1144 Seneca, Pennsylvania $18,726 1145 Bath, Pennsylvania $18,724 1146 Irwin, Pennsylvania $18,722 1147 Kidder Township, Pennsylvania $18,719 1148 Penn Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $18,719 1149 Heidelberg, Pennsylvania $18,713 1150 Avonmore, Pennsylvania $18,712 1151 Wrightsville, Pennsylvania $18,711 1152 West Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $18,709 1153 Little Meadows, Pennsylvania $18,703 1154 Manchester, Pennsylvania $18,700 1155 Paradise, Pennsylvania $18,700 1156 Conway, Pennsylvania $18,699 1157 Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $18,699 1158 Norwegian Township, Pennsylvania $18,699 1159 Upper Tulpehocken Township, Pennsylvania $18,699 1160 Greene Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,694 1161 Salix-Beauty Line Park, Pennsylvania $18,684 1162 Bedford Township, Pennsylvania $18,676 1163 Branch Township, Pennsylvania $18,670 1164 Montour Township, Pennsylvania $18,670 1165 Ingram, Pennsylvania $18,668 1166 Harmony Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $18,663 1167 Reinerton-Orwin-Muir, Pennsylvania $18,663 1168 Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania $18,661 1169 Pittston Township, Pennsylvania $18,660 1170 Bellefonte, Pennsylvania $18,659 1171 South Williamsport, Pennsylvania $18,658 1172 North Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $18,654 1173 Venango Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,653 1174 Shrewsbury Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $18,640 1175 Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,639 1176 Gallagher Township, Pennsylvania $18,638 1177 Jackson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $18,633 1178 Summit Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $18,628 1179 Cummings Township, Pennsylvania $18,626 1180 Wilson, Pennsylvania $18,625 1181 Crabtree, Pennsylvania $18,613 1182 Walker Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $18,608 1183 Lower Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania $18,602 1184 Avalon, Pennsylvania $18,594 1185 Dublin Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $18,592 1186 Newell, Pennsylvania $18,592 1187 Antrim Township, Pennsylvania $18,590 1188 Frackville, Pennsylvania $18,587 1189 Coplay, Pennsylvania $18,580 1190 Brecknock Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $18,578 1191 Heckscherville, Pennsylvania $18,577 1192 West Penn Township, Pennsylvania $18,577 1193 Elk Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $18,576 1194 Wolf Township, Pennsylvania $18,571 1195 Elkland Township, Pennsylvania $18,568 1196 Fawn Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $18,566 1197 Fallowfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,565 1198 West Providence Township, Pennsylvania $18,564 1199 Little Britain Township, Pennsylvania $18,563 1200 Strasburg Township, Pennsylvania $18,556 1201 Howard, Pennsylvania $18,549 1202 Sayre, Pennsylvania $18,549 1203 Cook Township, Pennsylvania $18,547 1204 Braddock Hills, Pennsylvania $18,545 1205 Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $18,535 1206 Rothsville, Pennsylvania $18,535 1207 Cornplanter Township, Pennsylvania $18,532 1208 Rochester Township, Pennsylvania $18,528 1209 Greenfield Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $18,517 1210 Stowe, Pennsylvania $18,515 1211 Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $18,510 1212 Fountain Hill, Pennsylvania $18,508 1213 Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania $18,503 1214 Friendsville, Pennsylvania $18,502 1215 Kelly Township, Pennsylvania $18,499 1216 Gibson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $18,493 1217 Union Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,488 1218 Vinco, Pennsylvania $18,488 1219 Conneaut Lake, Pennsylvania $18,486 1220 White Deer Township, Pennsylvania $18,486 1221 Jones Township, Pennsylvania $18,479 1222 Hillsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $18,471 1223 Union Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $18,468 1224 Eaton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,464 1225 Lenox Township, Pennsylvania $18,459 1226 McKean Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $18,457 1227 Mayberry Township, Pennsylvania $18,451 1228 Damascus Township, Pennsylvania $18,449 1229 Lincoln, Pennsylvania $18,447 1230 Logan Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,439 1231 Brookville, Pennsylvania $18,437 1232 Bell Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1233 Conewago Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1234 Worth Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,434 1235 East Chillisquaque Township, Pennsylvania $18,431 1236 Millcreek Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $18,428 1237 West Hemlock Township, Pennsylvania $18,428 1238 Wyoming, Pennsylvania $18,428 1239 Armstrong Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $18,423 1240 Spring Creek Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $18,422 1241 Buffalo Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $18,418 1242 West Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania $18,413 1243 Delaware Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,410 1244 Turbotville, Pennsylvania $18,401 1245 Allegany Township, Pennsylvania $18,391 1246 Finleyville, Pennsylvania $18,387 1247 Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania $18,384 1248 Tunkhannock Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,384 1249 Richland Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $18,383 1250 Porter Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $18,373 1251 Warriors Mark Township, Pennsylvania $18,362 1252 Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania $18,355 1253 Elim, Pennsylvania $18,345 1254 Upper Burrell Township, Pennsylvania $18,344 1255 Industry, Pennsylvania $18,337 1256 Jackson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,326 1257 Union Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,323 1258 Wilmington Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,323 1259 Letterkenny Township, Pennsylvania $18,315 1260 Greensburg, Pennsylvania $18,312 1261 Somerset, Pennsylvania $18,310 1262 Armagh, Pennsylvania $18,309 1263 Reading Township, Pennsylvania $18,305 1264 Brockway, Pennsylvania $18,303 1265 Oliver Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $18,295 1266 Amwell Township, Pennsylvania $18,285 1267 Cressona, Pennsylvania $18,285 1268 Fairfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $18,284 1269 Newmanstown, Pennsylvania $18,284 1270 Benezette Township, Pennsylvania $18,282 1271 Southwest Greensburg, Pennsylvania $18,281 1272 Penbrook, Pennsylvania $18,274 1273 Warren, Pennsylvania $18,272 1274 Canadohta Lake, Pennsylvania $18,263 1275 Almedia, Pennsylvania $18,262 1276 Liverpool Township, Pennsylvania $18,261 1277 Taylor Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $18,260 1278 Shamokin Township, Pennsylvania $18,258 1279 Arendtsville, Pennsylvania $18,256 1280 Penn Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $18,254 1271 Pennville, Pennsylvania $18,252 1282 Paupack Township, Pennsylvania $18,251 1283 Dallastown, Pennsylvania $18,249 1284 Monroe, Pennsylvania $18,242 1285 Derry Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $18,234 1286 Northumberland, Pennsylvania $18,229 1287 Pine Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $18,216 1288 Coudersport, Pennsylvania $18,209 1289 Latrobe, Pennsylvania $18,208 1290 Cherry Ridge Township, Pennsylvania $18,204 1281 Jonestown, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $18,193 1292 Upper Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania $18,193 1293 Horton Township, Pennsylvania $18,189 1294 Springetts Manor-Yorklyn, Pennsylvania $18,189 1295 Maytown, Pennsylvania $18,181 1296 Monroe Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $18,177 1297 Greensboro, Pennsylvania $18,176 1298 Catharine Township, Pennsylvania $18,175 1299 Darlington Township, Pennsylvania $18,173 1300 Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $18,166 1301 Pottsville, Pennsylvania $18,165 1302 Snyder Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $18,163 1303 Colerain Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $18,149 1304 Spruce Creek Township, Pennsylvania $18,148 1305 New Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $18,147 1306 Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania $18,145 1307 Biglerville, Pennsylvania $18,142 1308 West Mifflin, Pennsylvania $18,140 1309 Bridgewater Township, Pennsylvania $18,139 1310 Hazle Township, Pennsylvania $18,139 1311 East Mead Township, Pennsylvania $18,138 1312 Exeter Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,134 1313 West Hills, Pennsylvania $18,132 1314 Bell Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $18,130 1315 Bethel Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $18,122 1316 Fishing Creek Township, Pennsylvania $18,121 1317 Manor, Pennsylvania $18,118 1318 Nippenose Township, Pennsylvania $18,118 1319 Limestone Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $18,117 1320 Bethel Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania $18,116 1321 Chartiers Township, Pennsylvania $18,116 1322 Hopewell Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $18,114 1323 Salem Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $18,114 1324 West Kittanning, Pennsylvania $18,112 1325 Slickville, Pennsylvania $18,111 1326 South Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $18,106 1327 East Union Township, Pennsylvania $18,104 1328 Loganville, Pennsylvania $18,101 1329 Wellsboro, Pennsylvania $18,096 1330 Townville, Pennsylvania $18,095 1321 Walnutport, Pennsylvania $18,095 1332 Woodcock Township, Pennsylvania $18,093 1333 Eldred Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $18,079 1334 Hanover Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $18,079 1335 Elizabethville, Pennsylvania $18,077 1336 Perry Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $18,066 1337 New Oxford, Pennsylvania $18,065 1338 Gap, Pennsylvania $18,052 1339 Munhall, Pennsylvania $18,052 1340 Knox, Pennsylvania $18,043 1341 McChesneytown-Loyalhanna, Pennsylvania $18,041 1342 Royalton, Pennsylvania $18,029 1343 Bedford, Pennsylvania $18,028 1344 Fredericksburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $18,021 1345 Pine Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $18,015 1346 Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $18,011 1347 Ogle Township, Pennsylvania $18,005 1348 Houston, Pennsylvania $18,001 1349 Worth Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,999 1350 Fairview, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,997 1351 Scottdale, Pennsylvania $17,994 1352 Taylor Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,994 1353 Glasgow, Pennsylvania $17,989 1354 Freemansburg, Pennsylvania $17,983 1355 Blakely, Pennsylvania $17,979 1356 Sharpsville, Pennsylvania $17,979 1357 Norristown, Pennsylvania $17,977 1358 West Nottingham Township, Pennsylvania $17,975 1359 Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania $17,972 1360 Birmingham, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,964 1361 Belmont, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $17,958 1362 Forkston Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,956 1363 Sadsbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,956 1364 Antis Township, Pennsylvania $17,950 1365 Windham Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,948 1366 Independence Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $17,946 1367 Garden View, Pennsylvania $17,945 1368 Upper Paxton Township, Pennsylvania $17,945 1369 Clara Township, Pennsylvania $17,929 1370 Midway, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,928 1371 Newville, Pennsylvania $17,922 1372 Nescopeck Township, Pennsylvania $17,918 1373 Clinton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,914 1374 Providence Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,912 1375 South Greensburg, Pennsylvania $17,910 1376 West Township, Pennsylvania $17,910 1377 McDonald, Pennsylvania $17,907 1378 West Easton, Pennsylvania $17,901 1379 New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania $17,899 1380 Franklin Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,898 1381 Penndel, Pennsylvania $17,897 1382 Avoca, Pennsylvania $17,896 1383 Donora, Pennsylvania $17,893 1384 New Alexandria, Pennsylvania $17,893 1385 Rush Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,893 1386 Venango Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,891 1387 Sterling Township, Pennsylvania $17,889 1388 Lehigh Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $17,883 1389 Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,881 1390 Bastress Township, Pennsylvania $17,880 1391 Jamison City, Pennsylvania $17,873 1392 Benton Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,853 1393 Dyberry Township, Pennsylvania $17,847 1394 Mifflin Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,844 1395 Ohioville, Pennsylvania $17,837 1396 Blanchard, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,836 1397 North Charleroi, Pennsylvania $17,834 1398 Spring Mills, Pennsylvania $17,832 1399 Perryopolis, Pennsylvania $17,829 1400 Huntington Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,827 1401 Pine Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $17,824 1402 Lower Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,821 1403 Briar Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,818 1404 Valley View, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,817 1405 Chicora, Pennsylvania $17,815 1406 Foster Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $17,809 1407 Tionesta, Pennsylvania $17,799 1408 Bradys Bend Township, Pennsylvania $17,797 1409 New Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $17,796 1410 Exeter Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,792 1411 Mead Township, Pennsylvania $17,792 1412 Brady Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,789 1413 East Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $17,787 1414 Chalfant, Pennsylvania $17,784 1415 Midway, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,783 1416 Stowe Township, Pennsylvania $17,783 1417 Muncy, Pennsylvania $17,782 1418 South Newton Township, Pennsylvania $17,782 1419 Rices Landing, Pennsylvania $17,775 1420 Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,773 1421 Armstrong Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $17,772 1422 Cumberland Valley Township, Pennsylvania $17,768 1423 Courtdale, Pennsylvania $17,765 1424 Barree Township, Pennsylvania $17,762 1425 Pleasant Gap, Pennsylvania $17,747 1426 Bangor, Pennsylvania $17,742 1427 Enola, Pennsylvania $17,740 1428 Atglen, Pennsylvania $17,735 1429 Shenango Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,728 1430 Folcroft, Pennsylvania $17,727 1431 Coolspring Township, Pennsylvania $17,724 1432 Red Lion, Pennsylvania $17,723 1433 Wilmington Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,719 1434 Youngwood, Pennsylvania $17,715 1435 Conewago Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,703 1436 Allenport, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,702 1437 Mars, Pennsylvania $17,701 1438 Liberty, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $17,690 1439 Wellsville, Pennsylvania $17,689 1440 Jessup Township, Pennsylvania $17,688 1441 Lower Mifflin Township, Pennsylvania $17,687 1442 Miller Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,680 1443 Moreland Township, Pennsylvania $17,680 1444 Delta, Pennsylvania $17,677 1445 Valley-Hi, Pennsylvania $17,677 1446 Ashley, Pennsylvania $17,676 1447 Reserve Township, Pennsylvania $17,676 1448 Black Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,675 1449 Washington Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,675 1450 Kreamer, Pennsylvania $17,667 1451 Benner Township, Pennsylvania $17,665 1452 Thompsontown, Pennsylvania $17,663 1453 Williams Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $17,656 1454 Cross Creek Township, Pennsylvania $17,654 1455 Richmond Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $17,650 1456 Daugherty Township, Pennsylvania $17,646 1457 South Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $17,645 1458 Volant, Pennsylvania $17,642 1459 Germany Township, Pennsylvania $17,636 1460 Liverpool, Pennsylvania $17,626 1461 Butler Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,623 1462 Frenchcreek Township, Pennsylvania $17,620 1463 Elizabeth, Pennsylvania $17,618 1464 St. Thomas Township, Pennsylvania $17,615 1465 West Mayfield, Pennsylvania $17,609 1466 West Wyoming, Pennsylvania $17,603 1467 Duryea, Pennsylvania $17,598 1468 Eldred Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $17,596 1469 Coraopolis, Pennsylvania $17,595 1470 Glendon, Pennsylvania $17,593 1471 Columbus Township, Pennsylvania $17,586 1472 Etna, Pennsylvania $17,580 1473 Hegins Township, Pennsylvania $17,571 1474 Northmoreland Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,571 1475 Greenfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,569 1476 Ford Cliff, Pennsylvania $17,568 1477 Richfield, Pennsylvania $17,555 1478 Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania $17,552 1479 Oklahoma, Pennsylvania $17,547 1480 Mehoopany Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,546 1481 East Penn Township, Pennsylvania $17,545 1482 Seven Valleys, Pennsylvania $17,544 1483 Barry Township, Pennsylvania $17,539 1484 Pike Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,539 1485 Bradford, Pennsylvania $17,537 1486 Gilpin Township, Pennsylvania $17,520 1487 Roscoe, Pennsylvania $17,508 1488 Hamlin Township, Pennsylvania $17,505 1489 Gregg Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $17,504 1490 Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $17,503 1491 West York, Pennsylvania $17,503 1492 Springfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,493 1493 Lime Ridge, Pennsylvania $17,489 1494 Decatur Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $17,485 1495 Rose Township, Pennsylvania $17,472 1496 Drumore Township, Pennsylvania $17,470 1497 Canonsburg, Pennsylvania $17,469 1498 Rouzerville, Pennsylvania $17,467 1499 Elmhurst Township, Pennsylvania $17,465 1500 Honesdale, Pennsylvania $17,464 1501 Huntington Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $17,461 1502 Lykens, Pennsylvania $17,459 1503 Southampton Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,458 1504 Dushore, Pennsylvania $17,448 1505 Edgewood, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,445 1506 Sugarloaf Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,444 1507 Grier City-Park Crest, Pennsylvania $17,443 1508 Windham Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,443 1509 Clifford Township, Pennsylvania $17,442 1510 Delaware Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $17,442 1511 Greene Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,442 1512 Towanda, Pennsylvania $17,438 1513 Wilmot Township, Pennsylvania $17,438 1514 Prospect, Pennsylvania $17,435 1515 Elk Creek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,424 1516 Roseto, Pennsylvania $17,419 1517 Jermyn, Pennsylvania $17,417 1518 Menallen Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $17,415 1519 Middlebury Township, Pennsylvania $17,390 1520 Springfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,389 1521 North Woodbury Township, Pennsylvania $17,386 1522 Ayr Township, Pennsylvania $17,380 1523 Hubley Township, Pennsylvania $17,377 1524 Blossburg, Pennsylvania $17,375 1525 Clearfield, Pennsylvania $17,374 1526 Dickson City, Pennsylvania $17,370 1527 Arona, Pennsylvania $17,365 1528 Petrolia, Pennsylvania $17,358 1529 Portersville, Pennsylvania $17,356 1530 Adamsville, Pennsylvania $17,351 1531 Duboistown, Pennsylvania $17,348 1532 Greenwood Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $17,344 1533 Winfield Township, Pennsylvania $17,338 1534 Blooming Valley, Pennsylvania $17,334 1535 Deemston, Pennsylvania $17,331 1536 Mahoning Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $17,330 1537 Nicholson Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $17,330 1538 West Homestead, Pennsylvania $17,327 1539 Worth Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,324 1540 Salem Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,317 1541 Fermanagh Township, Pennsylvania $17,315 1542 Oakland Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,313 1543 Littlestown, Pennsylvania $17,310 1544 Smethport, Pennsylvania $17,297 1545 Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania $17,296 1546 Richmond Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,292 1547 Meadville, Pennsylvania $17,290 1548 West Chillisquaque Township, Pennsylvania $17,290 1549 Donegal Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $17,288 1550 Genesee Township, Pennsylvania $17,285 1551 Plymouth Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $17,285 1552 Lurgan Township, Pennsylvania $17,276 1553 New Buffalo, Pennsylvania $17,276 1554 Portland, Pennsylvania $17,275 1555 Hazleton, Pennsylvania $17,270 1556 Berrysburg, Pennsylvania $17,269 1557 Washington Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,269 1558 Wharton Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $17,268 1559 Dravosburg, Pennsylvania $17,264 1560 Abbottstown, Pennsylvania $17,246 1561 Fairfield, Pennsylvania $17,243 1562 Lorain, Pennsylvania $17,243 1563 East Drumore Township, Pennsylvania $17,229 1564 Big Beaver, Pennsylvania $17,228 1565 Shippen Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $17,228 1566 West Keating Township, Pennsylvania $17,224 1567 Carbon Township, Pennsylvania $17,222 1568 Girard Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $17,222 1569 Pike Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $17,220 1570 Mont Alto, Pennsylvania $17,216 1571 West Branch Township, Pennsylvania $17,214 1572 Hop Bottom, Pennsylvania $17,208 1573 Washington Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $17,207 1574 Mercer Township, Pennsylvania $17,205 1575 Tyrone Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $17,202 1576 Bristol, Pennsylvania $17,198 1577 Clay Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,195 1578 Hopwood, Pennsylvania $17,194 1579 Jessup, Pennsylvania $17,189 1580 Winslow Township, Pennsylvania $17,189 1581 Shrewsbury Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,186 1582 Pillow, Pennsylvania $17,182 1583 Darby Township, Pennsylvania $17,179 1584 Myerstown, Pennsylvania $17,177 1585 Forward Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,175 1586 Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $17,175 1587 West Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $17,173 1588 Adamsburg, Pennsylvania $17,172 1589 Bloomfield, Pennsylvania $17,168 1590 Orangeville, Pennsylvania $17,167 1591 Wyalusing Township, Pennsylvania $17,165 1592 Towanda Township, Pennsylvania $17,164 1593 Mifflinburg, Pennsylvania $17,161 1594 Ellsworth, Pennsylvania $17,159 1595 Monongahela Township, Pennsylvania $17,158 1596 Ridgway, Pennsylvania $17,157 1597 Jefferson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $17,154 1598 Jefferson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $17,143 1599 Waterford, Pennsylvania $17,135 1600 West Liberty, Pennsylvania $17,133 1601 Penn Forest Township, Pennsylvania $17,129 1602 Wayne Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,128 1603 Wetmore Township, Pennsylvania $17,128 1604 East Earl Township, Pennsylvania $17,127 1605 Washington Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $17,124 1606 Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania $17,119 1607 Baden, Pennsylvania $17,112 1608 Lynnwood-Pricedale, Pennsylvania $17,112 1609 Connoquenessing, Pennsylvania $17,111 1610 Summit Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $17,109 1611 East Deer Township, Pennsylvania $17,108 1612 North Union Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,108 1613 Mayfield, Pennsylvania $17,106 1614 Greenwood Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,104 1615 Asylum Township, Pennsylvania $17,102 1616 Koppel, Pennsylvania $17,101 1617 Lower Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $17,097 1618 Franklin Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,096 1619 Coolbaugh Township, Pennsylvania $17,094 1620 Noyes Township, Pennsylvania $17,094 1621 Bethel Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $17,093 1622 Tulpehocken Township, Pennsylvania $17,092 1623 Conneautville, Pennsylvania $17,087 1624 McCalmont Township, Pennsylvania $17,083 1625 DuBois, Pennsylvania $17,079 1626 Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $17,076 1627 Laurel Run, Pennsylvania $17,066 1628 Midland, Pennsylvania $17,066 1629 Penn Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $17,063 1630 Waynesboro, Pennsylvania $17,063 1631 Mount Jewett, Pennsylvania $17,056 1632 Hickory Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $17,055 1633 Oakland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $17,051 1634 Olyphant, Pennsylvania $17,049 1635 Calumet-Norvelt, Pennsylvania $17,043 1636 Buckhorn, Pennsylvania $17,042 1637 Dupont, Pennsylvania $17,042 1638 Packer Township, Pennsylvania $17,038 1639 Linwood, Pennsylvania $17,037 1640 Beaver Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $17,026 1641 Jackson Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $17,016 1642 Donegal Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $17,012 1643 Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $17,011 1644 Peach Bottom Township, York County, Pennsylvania $17,005 1645 Monaca, Pennsylvania $17,001 1646 Lenhartsville, Pennsylvania $16,998 1647 Throop, Pennsylvania $16,998 1648 North Versailles Township, Pennsylvania $16,991 1649 Beale Township, Pennsylvania $16,988 1650 Beech Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,983 1651 Jordan Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,983 1652 Cleveland Township, Pennsylvania $16,982 1653 Southampton Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania $16,981 1654 Milton, Pennsylvania $16,980 1655 Miller Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,978 1656 Hayfield Township, Pennsylvania $16,973 1657 Sandy, Pennsylvania $16,968 1658 Landingville, Pennsylvania $16,965 1659 Covington Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,964 1660 Troy, Pennsylvania $16,963 1661 Bowmanstown, Pennsylvania $16,956 1662 Emlenton, Pennsylvania $16,952 1663 Tuscarora Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,951 1664 Salem Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $16,947 1665 Burlington Township, Pennsylvania $16,946 1666 Conyngham Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,946 1667 Richland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,940 1668 North York, Pennsylvania $16,938 1669 Oliver Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,938 1670 Pine Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,938 1671 Newport Township, Pennsylvania $16,930 1672 Oakwood, Pennsylvania $16,930 1673 Mill Creek Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,928 1674 Brokenstraw Township, Pennsylvania $16,924 1675 Flemington, Pennsylvania $16,924 1676 Pymatuning Central, Pennsylvania $16,923 1677 Titusville, Pennsylvania $16,915 1678 Mount Pleasant Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $16,913 1679 Orbisonia, Pennsylvania $16,911 1680 Tioga, Pennsylvania $16,905 1681 Jackson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,903 1682 Monongahela, Pennsylvania $16,903 1683 Sugarcreek Township, Pennsylvania $16,903 1684 Sugar Grove, Pennsylvania $16,896 1685 Center Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $16,891 1686 Greene Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $16,890 1687 Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania $16,890 1688 Addison Township, Pennsylvania $16,889 1689 McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania $16,884 1690 Elk Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,883 1691 Lower Chichester Township, Pennsylvania $16,881 1692 Jefferson Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,880 1693 Lower Towamensing Township, Pennsylvania $16,878 1694 Lower Augusta Township, Pennsylvania $16,877 1695 Lewis Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,876 1696 Litchfield Township, Pennsylvania $16,874 1697 Sugarcreek, Pennsylvania $16,873 1698 North Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,872 1699 Cambria Township, Pennsylvania $16,868 1700 Madison Township, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania $16,864 1701 Smith Township, Pennsylvania $16,864 1702 Connellsville Township, Pennsylvania $16,860 1703 Belfast Township, Pennsylvania $16,853 1704 Nuangola, Pennsylvania $16,851 1705 Freeport, Pennsylvania $16,845 1706 Laporte Township, Pennsylvania $16,845 1707 Pinegrove Township, Pennsylvania $16,843 1708 Apolacon Township, Pennsylvania $16,841 1709 Delaware Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,840 1710 Jordan Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,839 1711 Scrubgrass Township, Pennsylvania $16,839 1712 Gratz, Pennsylvania $16,837 1713 West Salem Township, Pennsylvania $16,834 1714 Foster Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,824 1715 Bendersville Station-Aspers, Pennsylvania $16,821 1716 McAlisterville, Pennsylvania $16,821 1717 Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania $16,820 1718 Upper Frankford Township, Pennsylvania $16,819 1719 Newport, Pennsylvania $16,818 1720 Quincy Township, Pennsylvania $16,816 1721 Union Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $16,816 1722 Granville Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,807 1723 Palo Alto, Pennsylvania $16,806 1724 Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania $16,804 1725 Covington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $16,802 1726 Snake Spring Township, Pennsylvania $16,801 1727 Lausanne Township, Pennsylvania $16,797 1728 Robinson Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,797 1729 Yoe, Pennsylvania $16,795 1730 Avondale, Pennsylvania $16,794 1731 Hollenback Township, Pennsylvania $16,794 1732 Beavertown, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,792 1733 East Prospect, Pennsylvania $16,787 1734 Pleasant Hill, Pennsylvania $16,787 1735 Wayne Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $16,785 1736 Brown Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $16,784 1737 Fairfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $16,783 1738 Brownsville Township, Pennsylvania $16,777 1739 Loganton, Pennsylvania $16,773 1740 Blairsville, Pennsylvania $16,771 1741 German Township, Pennsylvania $16,769 1742 Black Lick Township, Pennsylvania $16,766 1743 Washington Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,766 1744 Eden Township, Pennsylvania $16,764 1745 Porter Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,764 1746 Shelocta, Pennsylvania $16,763 1747 Braintrim Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,758 1748 Pymatuning South, Pennsylvania $16,754 1749 Collingdale, Pennsylvania $16,751 1750 Sheffield, Pennsylvania $16,751 1751 Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $16,747 1752 Summerville, Pennsylvania $16,745 1753 Eldred Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,743 1754 New Lebanon, Pennsylvania $16,735 1755 Huston Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,734 1756 Choconut Township, Pennsylvania $16,726 1757 Todd Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $16,726 1758 Bullskin Township, Pennsylvania $16,719 1759 North Newton Township, Pennsylvania $16,719 1760 Union Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,717 1761 Smithton, Pennsylvania $16,715 1762 Taylor, Pennsylvania $16,714 1763 Railroad, Pennsylvania $16,709 1764 Driftwood, Pennsylvania $16,708 1765 Hopewell Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,708 1766 Cherry Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $16,706 1767 South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania $16,706 1768 Lemon Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,703 1769 East McKeesport, Pennsylvania $16,695 1770 Susquehanna Trails, Pennsylvania $16,695 1771 Danville, Pennsylvania $16,693 1772 Tresckow, Pennsylvania $16,693 1773 Spring Hill, Pennsylvania $16,688 1774 Girard, Pennsylvania $16,682 1775 Oil Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,682 1776 Milford Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,677 1777 Clarence, Pennsylvania $16,666 1778 Valley Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $16,664 1779 Middleburg, Pennsylvania $16,660 1780 Washington Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,655 1781 Centerville, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,648 1782 Lake Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,641 1783 Stonycreek Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $16,638 1784 Arnold, Pennsylvania $16,631 1785 Paradise Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $16,631 1786 Monessen, Pennsylvania $16,627 1787 Columbia, Pennsylvania $16,626 1788 Chatham Township, Pennsylvania $16,623 1789 Charleston Township, Pennsylvania $16,621 1790 Pine Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $16,621 1791 Mexico, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,620 1792 Bald Eagle Township, Pennsylvania $16,616 1793 Canal Township, Pennsylvania $16,612 1794 Steelton, Pennsylvania $16,612 1795 Sugar Grove Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,602 1796 Port Allegany, Pennsylvania $16,601 1797 South Centre Township, Pennsylvania $16,600 1798 Yorkana, Pennsylvania $16,599 1799 Mill Hall, Pennsylvania $16,593 1800 East Lackawannock Township, Pennsylvania $16,589 1801 Annville, Pennsylvania $16,586 1802 Franklin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,584 1803 Oxford, Pennsylvania $16,579 1804 Limestone Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $16,577 1805 Hovey Township, Pennsylvania $16,573 1806 Tremont Township, Pennsylvania $16,573 1807 Friedens, Pennsylvania $16,571 1808 Washington Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $16,563 1809 Oregon Township, Pennsylvania $16,554 1810 Saltlick Township, Pennsylvania $16,554 1811 Nescopeck, Pennsylvania $16,553 1812 Forest Lake Township, Pennsylvania $16,550 1813 Applewold, Pennsylvania $16,549 1814 Irwin Township, Pennsylvania $16,549 1815 Fayette Township, Pennsylvania $16,548 1816 New Berlin, Pennsylvania $16,547 1817 South Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,546 1818 McKeansburg, Pennsylvania $16,541 1819 Pine Glen, Pennsylvania $16,540 1820 Wolf Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,538 1821 Eddystone, Pennsylvania $16,537 1822 North Buffalo Township, Pennsylvania $16,528 1823 West Hazleton, Pennsylvania $16,525 1824 LeBoeuf Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,522 1825 Locust Township, Pennsylvania $16,522 1826 Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania $16,517 1827 North East Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,516 1828 Davidsville, Pennsylvania $16,512 1829 Mechanicsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,511 1830 Coburn, Pennsylvania $16,510 1831 Somerset Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,510 1832 Morris Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,509 1833 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania $16,509 1834 Valencia, Pennsylvania $16,501 1835 Hookstown, Pennsylvania $16,499 1836 Snow Shoe, Pennsylvania $16,497 1837 Port Carbon, Pennsylvania $16,496 1838 La Plume Township, Pennsylvania $16,491 1839 Perry Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,482 1840 Monroe Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,477 1841 Piney Township, Pennsylvania $16,473 1842 Highland Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,468 1843 Butler, Pennsylvania $16,457 1844 Tyrone Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania $16,456 1845 Tuscarora, Pennsylvania $16,455 1846 Saville Township, Pennsylvania $16,454 1847 Schuylkill Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $16,452 1848 Swoyersville, Pennsylvania $16,449 1849 Union Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $16,448 1850 Halifax, Pennsylvania $16,443 1851 Clarion Township, Pennsylvania $16,442 1852 Warren Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,442 1853 South Heights, Pennsylvania $16,440 1854 Liberty Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $16,434 1855 Great Bend Township, Pennsylvania $16,431 1856 Kimmel Township, Pennsylvania $16,429 1857 Limestone Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $16,426 1858 Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $16,425 1859 Sheffield Township, Pennsylvania $16,423 1860 Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,414 1861 South Versailles Township, Pennsylvania $16,414 1862 Deer Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,413 1863 Ulster Township, Pennsylvania $16,411 1864 Falls Creek, Pennsylvania $16,410 1865 Manorville, Pennsylvania $16,407 1866 West Newton, Pennsylvania $16,406 1867 McKean, Pennsylvania $16,403 1868 Lincoln Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,400 1869 Wayne Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,398 1870 Franklin Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,397 1871 East Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $16,393 1872 Falls Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,392 1873 Slabtown, Pennsylvania $16,384 1874 Morrisville, Greene County, Pennsylvania $16,380 1875 Snow Shoe Township, Pennsylvania $16,374 1876 Bressler-Enhaut-Oberlin, Pennsylvania $16,373 1877 Avis, Pennsylvania $16,371 1878 Clinton Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,370 1879 Grove City, Pennsylvania $16,365 1880 North Branch Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $16,365 1881 Cranberry Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $16,361 1882 Crawford Township, Pennsylvania $16,360 1883 Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $16,355 1884 White Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $16,354 1885 Terry Township, Pennsylvania $16,352 1886 Blythe Township, Pennsylvania $16,348 1887 Penn Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,346 1888 Duncansville, Pennsylvania $16,344 1889 Smithfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,335 1890 Fairmount Township, Pennsylvania $16,334 1891 Washington Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $16,333 1892 West Middlesex, Pennsylvania $16,332 1893 Henderson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,326 1894 Bloomfield Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,325 1895 Gilmore Township, Pennsylvania $16,325 1896 Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $16,321 1897 Lawrence Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,321 1898 Columbia Township, Pennsylvania $16,320 1899 Cooperstown, Pennsylvania $16,314 1900 Union Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $16,309 1901 Schellsburg, Pennsylvania $16,303 1902 Ravine, Pennsylvania $16,297 1903 Fairview Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $16,295 1904 Homer City, Pennsylvania $16,293 1905 Kiskiminetas Township, Pennsylvania $16,291 1906 Vandergrift, Pennsylvania $16,285 1907 West Shenango Township, Pennsylvania $16,284 1908 Allentown, Pennsylvania $16,282 1909 Cass Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $16,282 1910 Pymatuning North, Pennsylvania $16,282 1911 Youngsville, Pennsylvania $16,278 1912 Lake Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $16,274 1913 Hughesville, Pennsylvania $16,271 1914 Washington Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,270 1915 Huston Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,268 1916 Salisbury Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $16,268 1917 South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania $16,266 1918 Freedom, Pennsylvania $16,261 1919 Wharton Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,261 1920 Fell Township, Pennsylvania $16,260 1921 Summit Station, Pennsylvania $16,258 1922 Milesburg, Pennsylvania $16,255 1923 Foxburg, Pennsylvania $16,251 1924 Carrolltown, Pennsylvania $16,250 1925 Hopewell Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,245 1926 Leechburg, Pennsylvania $16,242 1927 Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,241 1928 Coalport, Pennsylvania $16,232 1929 Madisonburg, Pennsylvania $16,231 1930 Waterford Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $16,229 1931 Palmerton, Pennsylvania $16,225 1932 Blain, Pennsylvania $16,223 1933 Delmar Township, Pennsylvania $16,219 1934 Adams Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,217 1935 Luzerne, Pennsylvania $16,217 1936 Shippenville, Pennsylvania $16,216 1937 Port Royal, Pennsylvania $16,212 1938 East St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $16,211 1939 Iola, Pennsylvania $16,211 1940 Allegheny Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $16,204 1931 Otter Creek Township, Pennsylvania $16,203 1932 South Woodbury Township, Pennsylvania $16,197 1943 Larksville, Pennsylvania $16,196 1944 Weatherly, Pennsylvania $16,192 1945 Beaver Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,189 1946 Slatington, Pennsylvania $16,189 1947 Banks Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania $16,186 1948 Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $16,186 1949 Knox Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $16,185 1950 Harrison Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $16,182 1951 Hanover Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania $16,181 1952 Cherrytree Township, Pennsylvania $16,176 1953 Howard Township, Pennsylvania $16,175 1954 Scranton, Pennsylvania $16,174 1955 Geneva, Pennsylvania $16,171 1956 Kane, Pennsylvania $16,167 1957 Oilcreek Township, Pennsylvania $16,166 1958 Saegertown, Pennsylvania $16,163 1959 Barkeyville, Pennsylvania $16,161 1960 Cooper Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $16,161 1961 Porter Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $16,161 1962 Slippery Rock Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $16,160 1963 Albany Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $16,156 1964 Catawissa, Pennsylvania $16,154 1965 New Kensington, Pennsylvania $16,152 1966 Lewisberry, Pennsylvania $16,147 1967 Petersburg, Pennsylvania $16,141 1968 North East, Pennsylvania $16,132 1969 Yeagertown, Pennsylvania $16,130 1970 Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania $16,127 1971 Rutland Township, Pennsylvania $16,125 1972 Glenfield, Pennsylvania $16,123 1973 Cadogan Township, Pennsylvania $16,122 1974 Salladasburg, Pennsylvania $16,122 1975 Walker Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $16,118 1976 McVeytown, Pennsylvania $16,116 1977 Pavia Township, Pennsylvania $16,115 1978 Watsontown, Pennsylvania $16,110 1979 Gaines Township, Pennsylvania $16,105 1980 Burgettstown, Pennsylvania $16,097 1981 Hawley, Pennsylvania $16,093 1982 Centralia, Pennsylvania $16,083 1983 Chester Township, Pennsylvania $16,072 1984 Port Vue, Pennsylvania $16,065 1985 French Creek Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $16,064 1986 Sergeant Township, Pennsylvania $16,063 1987 Callery, Pennsylvania $16,049 1988 Jackson Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania $16,039 1989 Napier Township, Pennsylvania $16,036 1990 Spartansburg, Pennsylvania $16,035 1991 Conemaugh Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $16,034 1992 Kulpmont, Pennsylvania $16,033 1993 Boggs Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,030 1994 Porter Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $16,030 1995 Exeter, Pennsylvania $16,022 1996 Sheshequin Township, Pennsylvania $16,017 1997 Jackson Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania $16,005 1998 Middlecreek Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $16,005 1999 Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania $16,002 2000 Bethel Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,999 2001 Haines Township, Pennsylvania $15,993 2002 West Pike Run Township, Pennsylvania $15,988 2003 Sandy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,986 2004 Dublin Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,984 2005 Lilly, Pennsylvania $15,984 2006 Stevens Township, Pennsylvania $15,983 2007 Farmington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $15,982 2008 New Columbus, Pennsylvania $15,981 2009 Venango, Pennsylvania $15,978 2010 Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $15,968 2011 Adams Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,967 2012 Anthony Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $15,962 2013 Perry Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,962 2014 Three Springs, Pennsylvania $15,962 2015 Jeannette, Pennsylvania $15,961 2016 Metal Township, Pennsylvania $15,958 2017 Burlington, Pennsylvania $15,951 2018 Graham Township, Pennsylvania $15,950 2019 Easton, Pennsylvania $15,949 2020 Dreher Township, Pennsylvania $15,945 2021 Greenwood Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,945 2022 Mifflin Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania $15,945 2023 Mineral Township, Pennsylvania $15,945 2024 Lathrop Township, Pennsylvania $15,941 2025 Mifflin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,941 2026 Licking Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,940 2027 Randolph Township, Pennsylvania $15,939 2028 Darlington, Pennsylvania $15,938 2029 Anthony Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,932 2030 New Milford Township, Pennsylvania $15,927 2031 Tunkhannock Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania $15,927 2032 Lawrence Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,920 2033 Beallsville, Pennsylvania $15,917 2034 Jacksonville, Pennsylvania $15,917 2035 Sharon, Pennsylvania $15,913 2036 Lehigh Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,910 2037 Watson Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $15,909 2038 Sugar Notch, Pennsylvania $15,902 2039 Avon, Pennsylvania $15,901 2040 Ridgebury Township, Pennsylvania $15,901 2041 Freeburg, Pennsylvania $15,893 2042 Jay Township, Pennsylvania $15,893 2043 New Beaver, Pennsylvania $15,893 2044 Versailles, Pennsylvania $15,889 2045 Duncannon, Pennsylvania $15,883 2046 Verona, Pennsylvania $15,881 2047 Mahoning Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,878 2048 Thompson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,870 2049 Hyndman, Pennsylvania $15,865 2050 Liberty Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,857 2051 Springville Township, Pennsylvania $15,857 2052 Hickory Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $15,856 2053 South Philipsburg, Pennsylvania $15,853 2054 Sewickley Township, Pennsylvania $15,846 2055 Richhill Township, Pennsylvania $15,845 2056 Piatt Township, Pennsylvania $15,842 2057 Everett, Pennsylvania $15,841 2058 Barnett Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,840 2059 West Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $15,834 2060 Tell Township, Pennsylvania $15,832 2061 Muddy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,821 2062 Oakland Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,820 2063 Nelson Township, Pennsylvania $15,818 2064 Liberty Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,814 2065 Windsor, Pennsylvania $15,808 2066 Plain Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,807 2067 Rayne Township, Pennsylvania $15,806 2068 Burnham, Pennsylvania $15,800 2069 Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,790 2070 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania $15,787 2071 Manchester Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,786 2072 Auburn Township, Pennsylvania $15,785 2073 Ellwood City, Pennsylvania $15,784 2074 Trevorton, Pennsylvania $15,781 2075 Zerbe Township, Pennsylvania $15,780 2076 Forest City, Pennsylvania $15,774 2077 Millersville, Pennsylvania $15,773 2078 Marion Heights, Pennsylvania $15,772 2079 Munster Township, Pennsylvania $15,762 2080 Shirley Township, Pennsylvania $15,757 2081 Shoemakersville, Pennsylvania $15,756 2082 Cokeburg, Pennsylvania $15,754 2083 Stewart Township, Pennsylvania $15,754 2084 Port Matilda, Pennsylvania $15,753 2085 Trainer, Pennsylvania $15,753 2086 Gallitzin Township, Pennsylvania $15,752 2087 Millbourne, Pennsylvania $15,752 2088 Tamaqua, Pennsylvania $15,752 2089 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania $15,744 2090 Williamstown, Pennsylvania $15,744 2091 Salem Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $15,742 2092 Fulton Township, Pennsylvania $15,735 2093 Green Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $15,725 2094 Jackson Center, Pennsylvania $15,721 2095 Bonneauville, Pennsylvania $15,720 2096 Wells Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,717 2097 Lackawannock Township, Pennsylvania $15,711 2098 Auburn, Pennsylvania $15,705 2099 Annin Township, Pennsylvania $15,703 2100 Freeland, Pennsylvania $15,701 2101 Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania $15,698 2102 Otto Township, Pennsylvania $15,697 2103 Perry Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,696 2104 Warrior Run, Pennsylvania $15,693 2105 Huston Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $15,688 2106 Rush Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,683 2107 Tower City, Pennsylvania $15,678 2108 Bessemer, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,677 2109 Wolfdale, Pennsylvania $15,676 2110 Eldred, Pennsylvania $15,674 2111 Derry, Pennsylvania $15,671 2112 Meshoppen Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $15,670 2113 Pike Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,670 2114 Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,669 2115 Ulysses Township, Pennsylvania $15,669 2116 North Irwin, Pennsylvania $15,665 2117 Clover Township, Pennsylvania $15,661 2118 Pittsfield Township, Pennsylvania $15,661 2119 Upper Mifflin Township, Pennsylvania $15,660 2120 Woodward Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,659 2121 Lumber City, Pennsylvania $15,655 2122 Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,650 2123 Allegheny Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,646 2124 Burrell Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $15,645 2125 Wesleyville, Pennsylvania $15,644 2126 Nuremberg, Pennsylvania $15,642 2127 New Eagle, Pennsylvania $15,636 2128 Albion, Pennsylvania $15,631 2129 Johnsonburg, Pennsylvania $15,631 2130 Washington Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,629 2131 Cherry Grove Township, Pennsylvania $15,628 2132 Colerain Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania $15,626 2133 Minersville, Pennsylvania $15,623 2134 Triumph Township, Pennsylvania $15,621 2135 Berlin, Pennsylvania $15,614 2136 Elgin, Pennsylvania $15,611 2137 Pleasantville, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,608 2138 Knoxville, Pennsylvania $15,605 2139 Prompton, Pennsylvania $15,601 2140 East Huntingdon Township, Pennsylvania $15,598 2141 Wampum, Pennsylvania $15,598 2142 Portage, Pennsylvania $15,594 2143 Morgan Township, Pennsylvania $15,588 2144 Maxatawny Township, Pennsylvania $15,586 2145 Lebanon, Pennsylvania $15,584 2146 Chapman, Pennsylvania $15,571 2147 Sharon Township, Pennsylvania $15,570 2148 Beech Creek, Pennsylvania $15,567 2149 Cresson, Pennsylvania $15,562 2150 Union Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,558 2151 Lumber Township, Pennsylvania $15,556 2152 Licking Township, Pennsylvania $15,553 2153 Ward Township, Pennsylvania $15,553 2154 Harford Township, Pennsylvania $15,551 2155 Englewood, Pennsylvania $15,547 2156 Hunlock Township, Pennsylvania $15,541 2157 Toboyne Township, Pennsylvania $15,537 2158 Wayne Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $15,537 2159 Linesville, Pennsylvania $15,534 2160 Franklin Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,532 2161 Penn Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,530 2162 Fox Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,529 2163 Union Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,528 2164 Muncy Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,500 2165 Rockland Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $15,495 2166 Clintonville, Pennsylvania $15,488 2167 Greene Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,486 2168 Sheakleyville, Pennsylvania $15,479 2169 Lower Oxford Township, Pennsylvania $15,475 2170 Berlin Township, Pennsylvania $15,470 2171 Bloom Township, Pennsylvania $15,470 2172 Liberty Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $15,468 2173 McClure, Pennsylvania $15,466 2174 Lamar Township, Pennsylvania $15,464 2175 Taylor Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $15,461 2176 Canaan Township, Pennsylvania $15,460 2177 Delano, Pennsylvania $15,460 2178 Sandy Lake, Pennsylvania $15,460 2179 Middle Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $15,459 2180 Ashland Township, Pennsylvania $15,457 2181 Lincoln Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,457 2182 Standing Stone Township, Pennsylvania $15,456 2183 Forks Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $15,451 2184 Castanea Township, Pennsylvania $15,448 2185 Ellport, Pennsylvania $15,447 2186 Morris Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,430 2187 Pine Creek Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,426 2188 Rome Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,425 2189 Alexandria, Pennsylvania $15,423 2190 Nicholson Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $15,423 2191 Canton Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania $15,420 2192 Lake City, Pennsylvania $15,419 2193 St. Clair, Pennsylvania $15,418 2194 Girard Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,412 2195 Concord Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $15,409 2196 Parryville, Pennsylvania $15,409 2197 Tionesta Township, Pennsylvania $15,404 2198 Picture Rocks, Pennsylvania $15,402 2199 Fairview-Ferndale, Pennsylvania $15,400 2200 Pulaski Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,397 2201 Lycoming Township, Pennsylvania $15,395 2202 Port Clinton, Pennsylvania $15,395 2203 Upland, Pennsylvania $15,391 2204 Cass Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $15,389 2205 Spring Creek Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,383 2206 Landisburg, Pennsylvania $15,379 2207 Mount Carmel Township, Pennsylvania $15,376 2208 Rockhill Furnace, Pennsylvania $15,376 2209 Taylor Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,368 2210 West Brownsville, Pennsylvania $15,368 2211 Young Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $15,367 2212 Wheatland, Pennsylvania $15,365 2213 Clinton Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $15,363 2214 Eldred Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $15,361 2215 Rochester, Pennsylvania $15,359 2216 Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,351 2217 Nanticoke, Pennsylvania $15,348 2218 Wilburton Number One, Pennsylvania $15,348 2219 Cogan House Township, Pennsylvania $15,345 2220 East Cameron Township, Pennsylvania $15,345 2221 Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania $15,343 2222 Troutville, Pennsylvania $15,335 2223 Waynesburg, Pennsylvania $15,333 2224 Coal Township, Pennsylvania $15,329 2225 Buffington Township, Pennsylvania $15,327 2226 Colebrook Township, Pennsylvania $15,327 2227 Franklin, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,322 2228 Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania $15,322 2229 Fallston, Pennsylvania $15,312 2230 Hartley Township, Pennsylvania $15,310 2231 McEwensville, Pennsylvania $15,309 2232 Oliver Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,308 2233 Riceville, Pennsylvania $15,305 2234 Bloomfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $15,303 2235 Mainville, Pennsylvania $15,303 2236 East Brady, Pennsylvania $15,299 2237 Brady Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,298 2238 Jefferson, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,294 2239 Cumberland Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $15,293 2240 West Burlington Township, Pennsylvania $15,291 2241 Karns City, Pennsylvania $15,290 2242 Tioga Township, Pennsylvania $15,290 2243 West Perry Township, Pennsylvania $15,288 2244 Tyrone, Pennsylvania $15,285 2245 Unionville, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,284 2246 Foundryville, Pennsylvania $15,283 2247 Clay Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,282 2248 Southwest Township, Pennsylvania $15,281 2249 Juniata Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $15,277 2250 Chest Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,276 2251 Fairdale, Pennsylvania $15,275 2252 Tidioute, Pennsylvania $15,272 2253 Southampton Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $15,271 2254 Wiconisco Township, Pennsylvania $15,268 2255 Tuscarora Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $15,264 2256 South Connellsville, Pennsylvania $15,261 2257 Coalmont, Pennsylvania $15,260 2258 Decatur Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $15,248 2259 New Boston-Morea, Pennsylvania $15,243 2260 West Franklin Township, Pennsylvania $15,243 2261 Clearfield Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $15,241 2262 Emporium, Pennsylvania $15,239 2263 Beaver Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $15,225 2264 Dimock Township, Pennsylvania $15,216 2265 Hyde Park, Pennsylvania $15,214 2266 Altoona, Pennsylvania $15,213 2267 West Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $15,212 2268 New Albany, Pennsylvania $15,209 2269 Allegheny Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $15,204 2270 Belleville, Pennsylvania $15,202 2271 Jackson Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $15,201 2272 Jamestown, Pennsylvania $15,199 2273 Amity Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $15,186 2274 Sylvania, Pennsylvania $15,181 2275 Limestone Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $15,180 2276 Mount Pleasant Mills, Pennsylvania $15,180 2277 Blaine Township, Pennsylvania $15,167 2278 Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $15,167 2279 Newburg, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,166 2280 Pymatuning Township, Pennsylvania $15,164 2281 Derry Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania $15,161 2282 Numidia, Pennsylvania $15,160 2283 Kline Township, Pennsylvania $15,157 2284 Victory Township, Pennsylvania $15,156 2285 Marion Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania $15,153 2286 Corry, Pennsylvania $15,143 2287 Hiller, Pennsylvania $15,142 2288 Loyalhanna Township, Pennsylvania $15,136 2289 Spruce Hill Township, Pennsylvania $15,135 2290 Castanea, Pennsylvania $15,133 2291 East Side, Pennsylvania $15,132 2292 Jackson Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $15,131 2293 Jenks Township, Pennsylvania $15,131 2294 Middletown Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $15,129 2295 Rome, Pennsylvania $15,127 2296 Buck Township, Pennsylvania $15,123 2297 Woodland Heights, Pennsylvania $15,123 2298 Worthington, Pennsylvania $15,122 2299 Osceola Township, Pennsylvania $15,113 2300 Juniata Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,111 2301 Snydertown, Pennsylvania $15,107 2302 Orchard Hills, Pennsylvania $15,105 2303 Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania $15,104 2304 King Township, Pennsylvania $15,102 2305 East Carroll Township, Pennsylvania $15,100 2306 Lykens Township, Pennsylvania $15,096 2307 South New Castle, Pennsylvania $15,095 2308 Ambridge, Pennsylvania $15,089 2309 Marion Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $15,089 2310 Woodward, Pennsylvania $15,089 2311 Leroy Township, Pennsylvania $15,087 2312 Highland Township, Elk County, Pennsylvania $15,086 2313 Dunbar Township, Pennsylvania $15,083 2314 Windber, Pennsylvania $15,078 2315 Rockdale Township, Pennsylvania $15,071 2316 Bendersville, Pennsylvania $15,066 2317 Jenner Township, Pennsylvania $15,066 2318 Orwell Township, Pennsylvania $15,055 2319 Logan Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $15,051 2320 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania $15,050 2321 Knox Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $15,040 2322 Ashland, Pennsylvania $15,036 2323 Dayton, Pennsylvania $15,036 2324 Glassport, Pennsylvania $15,035 2325 Northampton Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $15,021 2326 East Providence Township, Pennsylvania $15,015 2327 Oakland, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania $15,015 2328 South Creek Township, Pennsylvania $15,015 2329 Canton Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $15,013 2330 Summerhill, Pennsylvania $15,013 2331 Great Bend, Pennsylvania $15,009 2332 Burnside Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $15,005 2333 Portage Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $15,001 2334 Stoneboro, Pennsylvania $14,999 2335 Summit Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,996 2336 Herrick Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,989 2337 Herminie, Pennsylvania $14,988 2338 Sullivan Township, Pennsylvania $14,986 2339 Dudley, Pennsylvania $14,984 2340 Carmichaels, Pennsylvania $14,979 2341 Kittanning Township, Pennsylvania $14,979 2342 Washington Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,977 2343 Brandonville, Pennsylvania $14,973 2344 Erie, Pennsylvania $14,972 2345 Allegheny Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,970 2346 Greenville, Pennsylvania $14,969 2347 Addison, Pennsylvania $14,963 2348 Brooklyn Township, Pennsylvania $14,957 2349 Clearfield Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,952 2350 Newry, Pennsylvania $14,949 2351 Woodbury Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,946 2352 Union Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,940 2353 Osceola Mills, Pennsylvania $14,932 2354 Harmonsburg, Pennsylvania $14,930 2355 Cherry Valley, Pennsylvania $14,915 2356 Fannett Township, Pennsylvania $14,915 2357 Carbondale, Pennsylvania $14,914 2358 Beaver Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,913 2359 Cherryhill Township, Pennsylvania $14,910 2360 East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania $14,909 2361 Fairview Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $14,909 2362 Whiteley Township, Pennsylvania $14,906 2363 Turbett Township, Pennsylvania $14,905 2364 Hampton, Pennsylvania $14,901 2365 Hydetown, Pennsylvania $14,891 2366 Susquehanna Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania $14,890 2367 Burrell Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,888 2368 West Finley Township, Pennsylvania $14,888 2369 Shickshinny, Pennsylvania $14,880 2370 Norwich Township, Pennsylvania $14,879 2371 Bradford Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,877 2372 Washington Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,870 2373 Franklin Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,866 2374 Lehighton, Pennsylvania $14,861 2375 West Fallowfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,860 2376 Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania $14,858 2377 Spring Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,858 2378 Rush Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,853 2379 Delano Township, Pennsylvania $14,851 2380 Portage Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,846 2381 Little Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $14,844 2382 Milford Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,836 2383 Timblin, Pennsylvania $14,831 2384 Wattsburg, Pennsylvania $14,830 2385 Curwensville, Pennsylvania $14,829 2386 Spring Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,821 2387 Washington, Pennsylvania $14,818 2388 Shippensburg, Pennsylvania $14,816 2389 Cromwell Township, Pennsylvania $14,806 2390 Springfield Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,804 2391 Le Raysville, Pennsylvania $14,802 2392 Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania $14,802 2393 Tuscarora Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,798 2394 Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania $14,796 2395 Ararat Township, Pennsylvania $14,793 2396 Scott Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania $14,793 2397 Claysville, Pennsylvania $14,785 2398 Dixonville, Pennsylvania $14,785 2399 Gilberton, Pennsylvania $14,785 2400 Pitcairn, Pennsylvania $14,785 2401 Broad Top Township, Pennsylvania $14,781 2402 Lewis Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $14,780 2403 Jeddo, Pennsylvania $14,776 2404 Donegal Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2405 Keating Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2406 Richland Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $14,764 2407 Harrison City, Pennsylvania $14,759 2408 Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $14,755 2409 East Uniontown, Pennsylvania $14,751 2410 South Renovo, Pennsylvania $14,751 2411 Pulaski Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania $14,742 2412 Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania $14,741 2413 Daisytown, Pennsylvania $14,736 2414 Lewistown, Pennsylvania $14,733 2415 New Milford, Pennsylvania $14,733 2416 South Bend Township, Pennsylvania $14,728 2417 McAdoo, Pennsylvania $14,723 2418 Newtown, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $14,722 2419 Wall, Pennsylvania $14,720 2420 New Castle Township, Pennsylvania $14,716 2421 Hartleton, Pennsylvania $14,714 2422 President Township, Pennsylvania $14,713 2423 Williamsport, Pennsylvania $14,707 2424 St. Petersburg, Pennsylvania $14,703 2425 Tremont, Pennsylvania $14,698 2426 Oil Creek Township, Pennsylvania $14,696 2427 Boggs Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,694 2428 Paint Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,694 2429 Lake Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania $14,690 2430 Little Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $14,689 2431 Banks Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,687 2432 West Elizabeth, Pennsylvania $14,687 2433 Pittston, Pennsylvania $14,686 2434 Martinsburg, Pennsylvania $14,678 2435 Youngstown, Pennsylvania $14,677 2436 East Finley Township, Pennsylvania $14,675 2437 Brookfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,673 2438 Tarentum, Pennsylvania $14,671 2439 Ringgold Township, Pennsylvania $14,669 2440 Liberty Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $14,664 2441 Factoryville, Pennsylvania $14,660 2442 Sandy Ridge, Pennsylvania $14,657 2443 Gaskill Township, Pennsylvania $14,649 2444 Porter Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $14,647 2445 Perry Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,631 2446 Stoystown, Pennsylvania $14,629 2447 Parker, Pennsylvania $14,627 2448 Plumcreek Township, Pennsylvania $14,624 2449 East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania $14,611 2450 St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $14,611 2451 Center Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $14,610 2452 Warminster Heights, Pennsylvania $14,610 2453 Clairton, Pennsylvania $14,608 2454 Venango Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,600 2455 Rohrsburg, Pennsylvania $14,597 2456 Seward, Pennsylvania $14,585 2457 Greenwood Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,584 2458 Saltsburg, Pennsylvania $14,580 2459 Plum Township, Pennsylvania $14,578 2460 Dale, Pennsylvania $14,570 2461 West Cameron Township, Pennsylvania $14,563 2462 Platea, Pennsylvania $14,555 2463 New Baltimore, Pennsylvania $14,552 2464 Worthville, Pennsylvania $14,542 2465 Plumville, Pennsylvania $14,540 2466 Freedom Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,539 2467 Berwick, Pennsylvania $14,538 2468 Dunkard Township, Pennsylvania $14,537 2469 Farrell, Pennsylvania $14,532 2470 Millvale, Pennsylvania $14,526 2471 Bratton Township, Pennsylvania $14,516 2472 East Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,514 2473 Athens Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,509 2474 Strattanville, Pennsylvania $14,506 2475 Smicksburg, Pennsylvania $14,502 2476 Greene Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $14,500 2477 Shanksville, Pennsylvania $14,500 2478 Springfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,499 2479 Waymart, Pennsylvania $14,498 2480 Wellersburg, Pennsylvania $14,495 2481 Conneaut Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $14,493 2482 Rayburn Township, Pennsylvania $14,490 2483 Noxen Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania $14,488 2484 Warsaw Township, Pennsylvania $14,487 2485 Davidson Township, Pennsylvania $14,483 2486 McIntyre Township, Pennsylvania $14,483 2487 Georges Township, Pennsylvania $14,482 2488 Upper Mahantongo Township, Pennsylvania $14,478 2489 Elkland, Pennsylvania $14,470 2490 East Rochester, Pennsylvania $14,465 2491 Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,463 2492 Southwest Madison Township, Pennsylvania $14,457 2493 Parker Township, Pennsylvania $14,434 2494 Boggs Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $14,432 2495 Mapleton, Pennsylvania $14,431 2496 Texas Township, Pennsylvania $14,429 2497 California, Pennsylvania $14,412 2498 Gulich Township, Pennsylvania $14,405 2499 Cranesville, Pennsylvania $14,403 2500 Bart Township, Pennsylvania $14,399 2501 Juniata Terrace, Pennsylvania $14,398 2502 Sykesville, Pennsylvania $14,398 2503 West Taylor Township, Pennsylvania $14,396 2504 Mifflintown, Pennsylvania $14,394 2505 Renningers, Pennsylvania $14,391 2506 Snyder Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,389 2507 Eau Claire, Pennsylvania $14,383 2508 Toby Township, Pennsylvania $14,380 2509 York Springs, Pennsylvania $14,379 2510 Branchdale, Pennsylvania $14,378 2511 Conemaugh Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $14,378 2512 Paxtonville, Pennsylvania $14,376 2513 Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania $14,369 2514 Hallstead, Pennsylvania $14,362 2515 Chest Springs, Pennsylvania $14,357 2516 Deerfield Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $14,354 2517 Monroe Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,353 2518 Paint, Pennsylvania $14,351 2519 Putnam Township, Pennsylvania $14,349 2520 Lansford, Pennsylvania $14,347 2521 Orrstown, Pennsylvania $14,346 2522 Roulette Township, Pennsylvania $14,340 2523 Brush Valley Township, Pennsylvania $14,337 2524 Ferguson Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,337 2525 Saltillo, Pennsylvania $14,333 2526 Wilmerding, Pennsylvania $14,330 2527 Bellwood, Pennsylvania $14,323 2528 South Coatesville, Pennsylvania $14,321 2529 Ford City, Pennsylvania $14,318 2530 Morris Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $14,314 2531 Penn, Pennsylvania $14,312 2532 Wayne Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $14,296 2533 Cherry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,288 2534 North Union Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $14,265 2535 Springboro, Pennsylvania $14,258 2536 Chester Hill, Pennsylvania $14,256 2537 Clymer, Pennsylvania $14,250 2538 Blacklick Township, Pennsylvania $14,244 2539 Summerhill Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,242 2540 Rural Valley, Pennsylvania $14,238 2541 Brady Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $14,237 2542 Fredonia, Pennsylvania $14,233 2543 Benson, Pennsylvania $14,232 2544 Conyngham Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $14,230 2545 West Wheatfield Township, Pennsylvania $14,228 2546 Gallitzin, Pennsylvania $14,216 2547 Granville Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania $14,211 2548 Plymouth, Pennsylvania $14,207 2549 Republic, Pennsylvania $14,201 2550 Laceyville, Pennsylvania $14,185 2551 Union Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania $14,185 2552 Nanty-Glo, Pennsylvania $14,184 2553 Houtzdale, Pennsylvania $14,177 2554 Dunbar, Pennsylvania $14,176 2555 Elk Lick Township, Pennsylvania $14,176 2556 Greenfield Township, Blair County, Pennsylvania $14,168 2557 Connellsville, Pennsylvania $14,165 2558 Monroe Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $14,160 2559 Conemaugh Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,157 2560 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania $14,157 2561 Southampton Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $14,149 2562 Lewisburg, Pennsylvania $14,146 2563 Curtisville, Pennsylvania $14,143 2564 West Beaver Township, Pennsylvania $14,143 2565 Dean Township, Pennsylvania $14,141 2566 Upper Turkeyfoot Township, Pennsylvania $14,137 2567 Milroy, Pennsylvania $14,136 2568 Croyle Township, Pennsylvania $14,130 2569 Meyersdale, Pennsylvania $14,116 2570 Union Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $14,115 2571 Ramey, Pennsylvania $14,101 2572 Coatesville, Pennsylvania $14,079 2573 North Braddock, Pennsylvania $14,076 2574 Abbott Township, Pennsylvania $14,068 2575 Eastvale, Pennsylvania $14,063 2576 Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania $14,045 2577 North Apollo, Pennsylvania $14,025 2578 Morris Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $14,023 2579 Coaldale, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $14,021 2580 Fairchance, Pennsylvania $14,021 2581 Williamsburg, Pennsylvania $14,019 2582 Lack Township, Pennsylvania $14,016 2583 White Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $14,007 2584 Cassandra, Pennsylvania $14,004 2585 Quemahoning Township, Pennsylvania $14,002 2586 Barnett Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $13,995 2587 Lower Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania $13,995 2588 Penn Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,994 2589 Plainfield, Pennsylvania $13,993 2590 Darby, Pennsylvania $13,990 2591 Juniata Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,990 2592 North Vandergrift-Pleasant View, Pennsylvania $13,987 2593 North Philipsburg, Pennsylvania $13,984 2594 Lucerne Mines, Pennsylvania $13,976 2595 Fox Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania $13,971 2596 Wayne Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $13,969 2597 Sugar Grove Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $13,963 2598 Lancaster, Pennsylvania $13,955 2599 Elco, Pennsylvania $13,951 2600 Londonderry Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,951 2601 Redstone Township, Pennsylvania $13,945 2602 Forksville, Pennsylvania $13,943 2603 Beccaria Township, Pennsylvania $13,941 2604 Logan Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $13,939 2605 Ceres Township, Pennsylvania $13,934 2606 Middleport, Pennsylvania $13,931 2607 Polk Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $13,923 2608 St. Michael-Sidman, Pennsylvania $13,914 2609 Eyers Grove, Pennsylvania $13,906 2610 Mann Township, Pennsylvania $13,893 2611 Reilly Township, Pennsylvania $13,888 2612 Woodbury Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,885 2613 Colwyn, Pennsylvania $13,883 2614 Masontown, Pennsylvania $13,875 2615 Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,874 2616 Gordon, Pennsylvania $13,873 2617 Lanesboro, Pennsylvania $13,873 2618 Madison Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,867 2619 Elder Township, Pennsylvania $13,862 2620 McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania $13,858 2621 Bloss Township, Pennsylvania $13,857 2622 Summit Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania $13,853 2623 Sutersville, Pennsylvania $13,853 2624 Patton, Pennsylvania $13,851 2625 Lincoln Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $13,847 2626 Mahoning Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $13,833 2627 Coal Center, Pennsylvania $13,827 2628 Parks Township, Pennsylvania $13,818 2629 West Alexander, Pennsylvania $13,815 2630 Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania $13,808 2631 Sligo, Pennsylvania $13,807 2632 Brisbin, Pennsylvania $13,805 2633 Perry Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,795 2634 Kittanning, Pennsylvania $13,787 2635 Weissport, Pennsylvania $13,785 2636 Clarendon, Pennsylvania $13,774 2637 Montgomery, Pennsylvania $13,763 2638 Redbank Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,762 2639 Shippingport, Pennsylvania $13,759 2640 Glen Lyon, Pennsylvania $13,753 2641 Charleroi, Pennsylvania $13,752 2642 Corsica, Pennsylvania $13,752 2643 Wells Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania $13,746 2644 Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania $13,738 2645 Rebersburg, Pennsylvania $13,737 2646 Girardville, Pennsylvania $13,735 2647 Todd Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $13,734 2648 New Castle, Pennsylvania $13,730 2649 Sankertown, Pennsylvania $13,728 2650 Overton Township, Pennsylvania $13,727 2651 Karthaus Township, Pennsylvania $13,723 2652 Clarksville, Pennsylvania $13,720 2653 Uniontown, Pennsylvania $13,720 2654 Aliquippa, Pennsylvania $13,718 2655 Keating Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $13,716 2656 Grant Township, Pennsylvania $13,697 2657 Armagh Township, Pennsylvania $13,692 2658 Plymptonville, Pennsylvania $13,691 2659 Rockwood, Pennsylvania $13,687 2660 Callensburg, Pennsylvania $13,654 2661 Susquehanna Depot, Pennsylvania $13,654 2662 New Galilee, Pennsylvania $13,649 2663 Jackson Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania $13,644 2664 Brush Creek Township, Pennsylvania $13,643 2665 Cassville, Pennsylvania $13,628 2666 Smithfield, Pennsylvania $13,618 2667 Creekside, Pennsylvania $13,603 2668 Cowanshannock Township, Pennsylvania $13,598 2669 Reynoldsville, Pennsylvania $13,592 2670 Reedsville, Pennsylvania $13,591 2671 Shirleysburg, Pennsylvania $13,586 2672 Gray Township, Pennsylvania $13,584 2673 Nicholson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $13,568 2674 Bolivar, Pennsylvania $13,551 2675 Shippen Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,544 2676 Casselman, Pennsylvania $13,543 2677 Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania $13,538 2678 Canton, Pennsylvania $13,537 2679 Manns Choice, Pennsylvania $13,533 2680 Morris Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,519 2681 Wood Township, Pennsylvania $13,512 2682 Oliver, Pennsylvania $13,509 2683 New Salem-Buffington, Pennsylvania $13,508 2684 Westfield Township, Pennsylvania $13,506 2685 Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $13,505 2686 Black Township, Pennsylvania $13,504 2687 Shade Township, Pennsylvania $13,497 2688 Brownstown, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $13,494 2689 New Ringgold, Pennsylvania $13,492 2690 Beaverdale-Lloydell, Pennsylvania $13,477 2691 New Brighton, Pennsylvania $13,475 2692 Edwardsville, Pennsylvania $13,464 2693 Washington Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $13,464 2694 East Waterford, Pennsylvania $13,456 2695 New Florence, Pennsylvania $13,449 2696 Barr Township, Pennsylvania $13,444 2697 Bingham Township, Pennsylvania $13,441 2698 West St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania $13,440 2699 Upper Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania $13,439 2700 York, Pennsylvania $13,439 2701 Hastings, Pennsylvania $13,429 2702 Fredericktown-Millsboro, Pennsylvania $13,425 2703 Mount Union, Pennsylvania $13,419 2704 Apollo, Pennsylvania $13,415 2705 Meshoppen, Pennsylvania $13,408 2706 Brownsville, Pennsylvania $13,404 2707 Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania $13,401 2708 Knox Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,394 2709 East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $13,391 2710 Upper Mahanoy Township, Pennsylvania $13,387 2711 Lewis Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $13,385 2712 Oakland, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania $13,363 2713 Sunbury, Pennsylvania $13,350 2714 Aleppo Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $13,346 2715 New Vernon Township, Pennsylvania $13,325 2716 Glen Hope, Pennsylvania $13,321 2717 Aristes, Pennsylvania $13,302 2718 Larimer Township, Pennsylvania $13,301 2719 Point Marion, Pennsylvania $13,300 2720 Hooversville, Pennsylvania $13,298 2721 South Fork, Pennsylvania $13,298 2722 Brady Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $13,292 2723 Rouseville, Pennsylvania $13,286 2724 New Paris, Pennsylvania $13,279 2725 Claysburg, Pennsylvania $13,277 2726 Central City, Pennsylvania $13,263 2727 Oswayo Township, Pennsylvania $13,263 2728 Shinglehouse, Pennsylvania $13,253 2729 Hamilton Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania $13,251 2730 McKeesport, Pennsylvania $13,242 2731 Center Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $13,240 2732 Johnstown, Pennsylvania $13,236 2733 Washington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $13,218 2734 South Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $13,191 2735 Miles Township, Pennsylvania $13,180 2736 West Carroll Township, Pennsylvania $13,177 2737 Summerhill Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $13,176 2738 East Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $13,168 2739 Hawthorn, Pennsylvania $13,146 2740 Chapman Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania $13,140 2741 Bruin, Pennsylvania $13,136 2742 Braddock, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania $13,135 2743 Marshallton, Pennsylvania $13,135 2744 Westfield, Pennsylvania $13,135 2745 Eldred Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania $13,132 2746 Northern Cambria, Pennsylvania $13,129 2747 Freehold Township, Pennsylvania $13,103 2748 Black Lick, Pennsylvania $13,100 2749 Galeton, Pennsylvania $13,095 2750 Steuben Township, Pennsylvania $13,089 2751 Fairhope Township, Pennsylvania $13,087 2752 Reading, Pennsylvania $13,086 2753 Northeast Madison Township, Pennsylvania $13,083 2754 Franklin Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $13,066 2755 Woodward Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $13,062 2756 Fayette City, Pennsylvania $13,058 2757 Chester, Pennsylvania $13,052 2758 East Keating Township, Pennsylvania $13,047 2759 Tunnelhill, Pennsylvania $13,042 2760 Jerome, Pennsylvania $13,033 2761 East Bethlehem Township, Pennsylvania $13,024 2762 Briar Creek, Pennsylvania $13,009 2763 Armenia Township, Pennsylvania $13,005 2764 Salisbury, Pennsylvania $12,973 2765 Polk, Pennsylvania $12,963 2766 Union Dale, Pennsylvania $12,960 2767 Everson, Pennsylvania $12,928 2768 Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania $12,919 2769 Gregg Township, Union County, Pennsylvania $12,916 2770 Allegheny Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $12,911 2771 Susquehanna Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania $12,878 2772 Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania $12,863 2773 Centerville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $12,860 2774 Leacock Township, Pennsylvania $12,848 2775 Mifflin, Pennsylvania $12,843 2776 Benton, Columbia County, Pennsylvania $12,831 2777 Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania $12,819 2778 Lower Turkeyfoot Township, Pennsylvania $12,812 2779 Porter Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,800 2780 Broad Top City, Pennsylvania $12,788 2781 Frailey Township, Pennsylvania $12,780 2782 Frankfort Springs, Pennsylvania $12,776 2783 Canoe Township, Pennsylvania $12,773 2784 Dawson, Pennsylvania $12,753 2785 New Wilmington, Pennsylvania $12,749 2786 Beaver Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,747 2787 Henderson Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,716 2788 Homestead, Pennsylvania $12,690 2789 Harrisville, Pennsylvania $12,683 2790 Donegal, Pennsylvania $12,656 2791 Jackson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $12,653 2792 Curtin Township, Pennsylvania $12,649 2793 Clinton Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania $12,646 2794 Hyde, Pennsylvania $12,645 2795 West Sunbury, Pennsylvania $12,643 2796 Ashville, Pennsylvania $12,640 2797 East Conemaugh, Pennsylvania $12,636 2798 Chapman Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania $12,632 2799 Springfield Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $12,608 2800 Jordan Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $12,600 2801 Union City, Pennsylvania $12,599 2802 Madison Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $12,583 2803 Cresson Township, Pennsylvania $12,575 2804 Shenandoah, Pennsylvania $12,562 2805 Harrison Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania $12,550 2806 Rimersburg, Pennsylvania $12,549 2807 Sheppton, Pennsylvania $12,547 2808 Mill Village, Pennsylvania $12,529 2809 Green Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,524 2810 Monument, Pennsylvania $12,501 2811 Henry Clay Township, Pennsylvania $12,491 2812 Heilwood, Pennsylvania $12,487 2813 Grindstone-Rowes Run, Pennsylvania $12,486 2814 Donaldson, Pennsylvania $12,455 2815 Bigler Township, Pennsylvania $12,434 2816 Pine Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,404 2817 Redbank Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania $12,384 2818 North Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $12,365 2819 Big Run, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania $12,363 2820 Port Trevorton, Pennsylvania $12,363 2821 Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania $12,360 2822 Shamokin, Pennsylvania $12,354 2823 Troxelville, Pennsylvania $12,333 2824 Indiana, Pennsylvania $12,317 2825 Markleysburg, Pennsylvania $12,312 2826 Julian, Pennsylvania $12,307 2827 Kingsley Township, Pennsylvania $12,307 2828 Clymer Township, Pennsylvania $12,280 2829 Klingerstown, Pennsylvania $12,276 2830 Modena, Pennsylvania $12,269 2831 Goshen Township, Pennsylvania $12,255 2832 Stewardson Township, Pennsylvania $12,235 2833 Colver, Pennsylvania $12,219 2834 Austin, Pennsylvania $12,210 2835 Edinboro, Pennsylvania $12,209 2836 Hartstown, Pennsylvania $12,199 2837 State College, Pennsylvania $12,155 2838 Altamont, Pennsylvania $12,151 2839 Confluence, Pennsylvania $12,129 2840 Grampian, Pennsylvania $12,127 2841 Scalp Level, Pennsylvania $12,108 2842 Bell Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $12,090 2843 Wilmore, Pennsylvania $12,075 2844 Duquesne, Pennsylvania $12,067 2845 Marion Center, Pennsylvania $12,048 2846 Glen Campbell, Pennsylvania $12,039 2847 Boswell, Pennsylvania $12,036 2848 Rome Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $12,035 2849 Atwood, Pennsylvania $12,026 2850 Oswayo, Pennsylvania $12,018 2851 Montgomery Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania $12,015 2852 Guys Mills, Pennsylvania $11,978 2853 Lock Haven, Pennsylvania $11,948 2854 Rossiter, Pennsylvania $11,931 2855 Marianna, Pennsylvania $11,925 2856 Thompson, Pennsylvania $11,896 2857 Gibson Township, Cameron County, Pennsylvania $11,888 2858 Harmony Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $11,831 2859 Ursina, Pennsylvania $11,814 2860 Irvona, Pennsylvania $11,785 2861 Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania $11,742 2862 Freeport Township, Pennsylvania $11,731 2863 Renovo, Pennsylvania $11,709 2864 Vintondale, Pennsylvania $11,689 2865 Roseville, Pennsylvania $11,683 2866 York Haven, Pennsylvania $11,676 2867 Brothersvalley Township, Pennsylvania $11,611 2868 Ulysses, Pennsylvania $11,602 2869 Newton Hamilton, Pennsylvania $11,584 2870 Wallaceton, Pennsylvania $11,571 2871 St. Clairsville, Pennsylvania $11,542 2872 Foster Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania $11,538 2873 Nemacolin, Pennsylvania $11,501 2874 Millstone Township, Pennsylvania $11,462 2875 Alba, Pennsylvania $11,453 2876 Rainsburg, Pennsylvania $11,448 2877 East Fork, Pennsylvania $11,447 2878 Greenville Township, Pennsylvania $11,445 2879 Hopewell, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $11,438 2880 Utica, Pennsylvania $11,435 2881 Hector Township, Pennsylvania $11,408 2882 Buck Run, Pennsylvania $11,397 2883 Kistler, Pennsylvania $11,365 2884 Mahaffey, Pennsylvania $11,320 2885 Pleasantville, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $11,312 2886 East Fallowfield Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania $11,233 2887 Mill Creek, Pennsylvania $11,177 2888 Slippery Rock Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania $11,129 2889 Findley Township, Pennsylvania $11,052 2890 Mansfield, Pennsylvania $11,042 2891 Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania $11,037 2892 Penns Creek, Pennsylvania $11,029 2893 Sparta Township, Pennsylvania $10,998 2894 Reade Township, Pennsylvania $10,989 2895 Colley Township, Pennsylvania $10,979 2896 Ernest, Pennsylvania $10,951 2897 Garrett, Pennsylvania $10,935 2898 Westover, Pennsylvania $10,866 2899 Clarion, Pennsylvania $10,832 2900 Grapeville, Pennsylvania $10,824 2901 Chest Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania $10,760 2902 Lincolnville, Pennsylvania $10,659 2903 McNett Township, Pennsylvania $10,556 2904 Springhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania $10,364 2905 Bear Lake, Pennsylvania $10,329 2906 Menno Township, Pennsylvania $10,303 2907 Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania $10,247 2908 Coaldale, Bedford County, Pennsylvania $10,072 2909 Burnside, Pennsylvania $9,993 2910 Rankin, Pennsylvania $9,946 2911 Locustdale, Pennsylvania $9,945 2912 Lafayette Township, Pennsylvania $9,699 2913 Brady Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania $9,624 2914 Shade Gap, Pennsylvania $9,557 2915 Commodore, Pennsylvania $9,502 2916 New Washington, Pennsylvania $9,121 2917 Cold Spring Township, Pennsylvania $8,792 2918 Shippensburg Township, Pennsylvania $8,712 2919 Smithfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania $8,109 2920 Conneaut Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania $7,971 2921 Loretto, Pennsylvania $7,125 2922 West Mahoning Township, Pennsylvania $6,907 2923 Atlantic, Pennsylvania $6,534 2924 Howe Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania $5,223", "Newark, New Jersey __knowledge__ Newark (, ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County.", "Newark, New Jersey __knowledge__ As one of the nation's major air, shipping, and rail hubs, the city had a population of 277,140 in 2010, making it the nation's 67th-most populous municipality, after being ranked 63rd in the nation in 2000.", "Newark, New Jersey __knowledge__ For 2016, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,764, an increase of 1.7% from the 2010 enumeration, ranking the city the 70th largest in the nation.", "Newark, New Jersey __knowledge__ Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately west of lower Manhattan.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.", "Denver __knowledge__ Denver is nicknamed the \"Mile High City\" because its official elevation is exactly one mile () above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ It borders the U.S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Lake Champlain forms half of Vermont's western border with New York.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The Green Mountains run north-south for the length of the state.", "Vermont __knowledge__ Vermont is the second smallest by population and the sixth smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States.", "Vermont __knowledge__ The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state." ] ]	[ 1, 9, 77, 48 ]	[ "Chicago Loop ,a great business suburb ..Have you be there?", "Well for the records,officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous in the US", "New York is the most populous city est.8,537,673", "Yeah!York was one of the original thirteen colonies in the US,facts and figures" ]	[ "Chicago Loop", "Chicago Loop", "Chicago Loop", "Chicago Loop" ]
[ "Video game", "Back in my day, I played Nintendo 64 platform, and loved it. I haven't played any of the new platforms, but my son does. It is so much more realistic!", "ha! I played pong! Can people on PS4 play with people on Xbox One?", "I really wish cross platform play was a thing. But I guess they each want to sell their own system." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game __knowledge__ Specialized video games such as arcade games, in which the video game components are housed in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, while common in the 1980s in video arcades, have gradually declined due to the widespread availability of affordable home video game consoles (e.g., PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Wii U) and video games on desktop and laptop computers and smartphones.", "Video game __knowledge__ The input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms.", "Video game __knowledge__ Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a person's hands and body." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game __knowledge__ Specialized video games such as arcade games, in which the video game components are housed in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, while common in the 1980s in video arcades, have gradually declined due to the widespread availability of affordable home video game consoles (e.g., PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Wii U) and video games on desktop and laptop computers and smartphones.", "Video game __knowledge__ The input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms.", "Video game __knowledge__ Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a person's hands and body.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ The , stylized as the NINTENDO and abbreviated to N64, is Nintendo's third home video game console for the international market.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ Named for its 64-bit central processing unit, it was released in June 1996 in Japan, September 1996 in North America and Brazil, March 1997 in Europe and Australia, September 1997 in France.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ It was the last major home console to use the cartridge as its primary storage format until Nintendo's seventh console, the Nintendo Switch, released in 2017.", "Nintendo 64 __knowledge__ Though succeeded by Nintendo's MiniDVD-based GameCube in September 2001, the Nintendo 64 was sold until the system was retired in late 2003.", "64DD __knowledge__ The 64DD, colloquially referred to as the Nintendo 64DD, is a magnetic disk drive peripheral for the Nintendo 64 game console developed by Nintendo.", "64DD __knowledge__ It was originally announced in 1995, prior to the Nintendo 64's 1996 launch, and after numerous delays was finally released only in Japan on December 1, 1999.", "64DD __knowledge__ The \"64\" references both the Nintendo 64 console and the 64 MB storage capacity of the disks, and \"DD\" is short for \"disk drive\" or \"dynamic drive\".", "64DD __knowledge__ Plugging into the extension port on the underside of the console, it allows the Nintendo 64 to use proprietary 64 MB magnetic disks for expanded and rewritable data storage, a real-time clock for persistent game world design, and a standard font and audio library for further storage efficiency.", "Nintendo 64 Game Pak __knowledge__ Nintendo 64 Game Paks (NUS-006) are ROM cartridges that store game data for the Nintendo 64.", "Nintendo 64 Game Pak __knowledge__ Their sizes vary from 4 MiB (32 Mbit, such as \"Automobili Lamborghini\" and \"Dr. Mario 64\") to 64 MiB (512 Mbit, such as \"Resident Evil 2\" and \"Conker's Bad Fur Day\").", "Nintendo 64 Game Pak __knowledge__ The Game Pak's design tradeoffs were intended to achieve maximal system speed and minimal system cost, with a lesser storage space and a higher unit cost per game.", "Nintendo 64 Game Pak __knowledge__ Launched in 1996, the Nintendo 64 was the latest major home console to use a cartridge as its primary storage format until the release of the Nintendo Switch in 2017.", "Nintendo 64 Game Pak __knowledge__ Portable systems such as the PlayStation Vita, Nintendo DS, and Nintendo 3DS also use cartridges.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises, such as \"Mario\", \"The Legend of Zelda\", and \"Pokémon\".", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as cab services and love hotels.", "Nintendo __knowledge__ Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ Virtual Console is a line of downloadable retro games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home gaming consoles and the Nintendo 3DS portable gaming console.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation (excluding GBA titles on 3DS), and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points (Wii), US$2.99 and US$6.99 (3DS) and US$4.99 and US$9.99 (Wii U) depending on system, rarity, and/or demand.", "Virtual Console __knowledge__ Virtual Console's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS, as well as Sega's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive, NEC's TurboGrafx-16, and SNK's Neo Geo AES.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Turok: Dinosaur Hunter __knowledge__ Turok: Dinosaur Hunter is a first-person shooter video game developed by Iguana Entertainment and published by Acclaim for the Nintendo 64 console and Microsoft Windows.", "Turok: Dinosaur Hunter __knowledge__ It was released in 1997 in North America and Europe.", "Turok: Dinosaur Hunter __knowledge__ \"Turok\" is an adaptation of the Acclaim Comics comic book series of the same name.", "Turok: Dinosaur Hunter __knowledge__ The player controls Turok, a Native American warrior, who must stop the evil Campaigner from conquering the universe with an ancient and powerful weapon.", "Turok: Dinosaur Hunter __knowledge__ As Acclaim's first title for the Nintendo 64, \"Turok\" was part of a strategy to develop games internally and license merchandise; Acclaim acquired the rights to \"Turok\" when it purchased Valiant Comics in 1994, renaming it Acclaim Comics.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "PlayStation Vita __knowledge__ The PlayStation Vita (officially abbreviated PS Vita or Vita) is a handheld game console developed and released by Sony Computer Entertainment.", "PlayStation Vita __knowledge__ It is the successor to the PlayStation Portable as part of the PlayStation brand of gaming devices.", "PlayStation Vita __knowledge__ It was released in Japan on December 17, 2011, with releases in North America, Europe, and other worldwide regions starting on February 22, 2012.", "PlayStation Vita __knowledge__ It primarily competes with the Nintendo 3DS as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles.", "PlayStation Vita __knowledge__ The original model of the handheld includes a OLED multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, two analog joysticks, front and shoulder push-button input, and supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and optional 3G.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a line of eighth-generation home video game consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 during a press conference on February 20, 2013, it was launched on November 15 in North America, November 29 in Europe, South America and Australia; and February 22, 2014, in Japan.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ It competes with Nintendo's Wii U and Switch, and Microsoft's Xbox One.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor, the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built upon the x86-64 architecture, which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops; AMD stated that it was the \"most powerful\" APU it had developed to date.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units, 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Its successor, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28, 2012.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.", "PlayStation __knowledge__ Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013, selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale, becoming the fastest selling console in history.", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ The PlayStation 4 system software is the updatable firmware and operating system of the PlayStation 4.", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ The operating system is Orbis OS, based on FreeBSD 9.", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ The native operating system of the PlayStation 4 is Orbis OS, which is a fork of FreeBSD version 9.0 which was released on January 12, 2012.", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ The PlayStation 4 features two graphics APIs, a low level API named \"GNM\" and a high level API named \"GNMX\".", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ Most people start with the GNMX API which wraps around GNM and manages the more esoteric GPU details in a way that's a lot more familiar if users are used to platforms like Direct3D 11.", "PlayStation 4 system software __knowledge__ The developers of \"The Crew\" put a lot of work into the move to the lower-level GNM, and in the process the tech team found out just how much work DirectX does in the background in terms of memory allocation and resource management." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game __knowledge__ Specialized video games such as arcade games, in which the video game components are housed in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, while common in the 1980s in video arcades, have gradually declined due to the widespread availability of affordable home video game consoles (e.g., PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Wii U) and video games on desktop and laptop computers and smartphones.", "Video game __knowledge__ The input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms.", "Video game __knowledge__ Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a person's hands and body.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and Brazil in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.", "Xbox One __knowledge__ Microsoft marketed the device as an \"all-in-one entertainment system\".", "Xbox One __knowledge__ The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a line of eighth-generation home video game consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 during a press conference on February 20, 2013, it was launched on November 15 in North America, November 29 in Europe, South America and Australia; and February 22, 2014, in Japan.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ It competes with Nintendo's Wii U and Switch, and Microsoft's Xbox One.", "PlayStation 4 __knowledge__ Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor, the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built upon the x86-64 architecture, which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops; AMD stated that it was the \"most powerful\" APU it had developed to date.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ It was released worldwide on September 9, 2014, for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ \"Destiny\" marked Bungie's first new console franchise since the \"Halo\" series, and it was the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Set in a \"mythic science fiction\" world, the game features a multiplayer \"shared-world\" environment with elements of role-playing games.", "Destiny (video game) __knowledge__ Activities in \"Destiny\" are divided among player versus environment (PvE) and player versus player (PvP) game types.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One system software, sometimes called the Xbox OS, is the operating system for the eighth-generation home video game console, Xbox One.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is a Windows-based operating system using the Hyper-V virtual machine monitor and contains separate operating systems for games and applications that can run on the console.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ It is located on the internal HDD for day-to-day usage, while also being duplicated on the internal NAND storage of the console for recovery purposes and factory reset functionality.", "Xbox One system software __knowledge__ The Xbox One allows users to download applications that add to the functionality of the dashboard.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes __knowledge__ Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes (also known as Disney Infinity 2.0 Edition) is an action-adventure sandbox toys-to-life video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios.", "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes __knowledge__ The game features additional work by Studio Gobo and Ninja Theory.", "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes __knowledge__ It is the sequel and successor of the 2013 video game \"Disney Infinity\" and was announced on April 8, 2014.", "Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes __knowledge__ The game was released on September 23, 2014 in North America, September 19, 2014 in the United Kingdom, September 18, 2014 in Australia and the rest of Europe for iOS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and Xbox One, and for PlayStation Vita on May 9, 2015.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A video game console is an electronic, digital or computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.", "Video game console __knowledge__ The term \"video game console\" is primarily used to distinguish a console machine primarily designed for consumers to use for playing video games, in contrast to arcade machines or home computers.", "Video game console __knowledge__ An arcade machine consists of a video game computer, display, game controller (joystick, buttons, etc.)", "Video game console __knowledge__ and speakers housed in large chassis.", "Video game console __knowledge__ A home computer is a personal computer designed for home use for a variety of purposes, such as bookkeeping, accessing the Internet and playing video games.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ A home video game console, or simply home console, is a video game device that is primarily used for home gamers, as opposed to in arcades or some other commercial establishment.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Home consoles are one type of video game consoles, in contrast to the handheld game consoles which are smaller and portable, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place, along with microconsoles and dedicated consoles.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each generation based on worldwide sales.", "Home video game console __knowledge__ For a complete list of home video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation.", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ Homebrew is a term frequently applied to video games or other software produced by consumers to target proprietary hardware platforms (usually with hardware restrictions) not typically user-programmable or that use proprietary storage methods.", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ This can include games developed with official development kits, such as Net Yaroze, Linux for PlayStation 2 or Microsoft XNA.", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ Many homebrew games are offered as freeware, although others are offered for sale.", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ One popular type of homebrew game is the fangame.", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ In Japan, these games are usually called \"Dōjin soft\".", "Homebrew (video games) __knowledge__ Homebrew games for older systems are typically developed using emulators for convenience, since testing them requires no extra hardware on the part of the programmer.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ It was initially released in Japan as the (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 \"Hyeondae Keomboi\") and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics.", "Nintendo Entertainment System __knowledge__ The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ As a hit-driven business, the great majority of the video game industry's software releases have been commercial failures.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ In the early 21st century, industry commentators made these general estimates: 10% of published games generated 90% of revenue; that around 3% of PC games and 15% of console games have global sales of 100,000+ a year, with even this level insufficient to make high-budget titles profitable; and that about 20% of games make a profit.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ Some of these have drastically changed the video game market since its birth in the late 1970s.", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ For example, the failures of \"E.T.\"", "List of commercial failures in video gaming __knowledge__ and \"Pac-Man\" for the Atari 2600 contributed to the video game crash of 1983.", "Atari 2600 __knowledge__ The Atari 2600 (or Atari Video Computer System before November 1982) is a home video game console by Atari, Inc.", "Atari 2600 __knowledge__ Released on September 11, 1977, it is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and ROM cartridges containing game code, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F video game console in 1976.", "Atari 2600 __knowledge__ This format contrasts with the older model of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware, which could only play the games that were physically built into the unit.", "Atari 2600 __knowledge__ For five years, 1977 until late 1982, the system was officially sold as Atari VCS, an abbreviation for Video Computer System." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Video game __knowledge__ Specialized video games such as arcade games, in which the video game components are housed in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, while common in the 1980s in video arcades, have gradually declined due to the widespread availability of affordable home video game consoles (e.g., PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Wii U) and video games on desktop and laptop computers and smartphones.", "Video game __knowledge__ The input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms.", "Video game __knowledge__ Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, and buttons, or even, with the Kinect sensor, a person's hands and body.", "Cross-platform play __knowledge__ In video games, cross-platform play or cross-play is a term used to describe the ability of a video game with an online gaming component that allows players using different video game hardware to play with each other simultaneously.", "Cross-platform play __knowledge__ It is commonly applied to the ability for players using a game on a specific video game console to play alongside a player on a different hardware platform such as another console or a computer.", "Cross-platform play __knowledge__ The term is related to but distinct from the notion of cross-platform development, which use software languages and tools to enable deployment of software on multiple platforms.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ Rocket League is a vehicular soccer video game developed and published by Psyonix.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ The game was first released for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 in July 2015, with ports for Xbox One, OS X, Linux, and Nintendo Switch later being released.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ In June 2016, 505 Games began distributing a physical retail version for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment taking over those duties by the end of 2017.", "Rocket League __knowledge__ Described as \"soccer, but with rocket-powered cars\", \"Rocket League\" has one to four players assigned to each of the two teams, using rocket-powered vehicles to hit a ball into their opponent's goal and score points over the course of a match.", "Cross-platform interchange __knowledge__ A cross-platform interchange is a type of interchange between different lines at a metro (or other railway) station.", "Cross-platform interchange __knowledge__ The term originates with the London Underground; such layouts exist in other networks but are not commonly so named.", "Cross-platform interchange __knowledge__ In the United States, it is often referred to as a \"cross-platform transfer\".", "Cross-platform interchange __knowledge__ This configuration occurs at a station with island platforms, with a single platform in between the tracks allocated to two directions of travel, or two side platforms between the tracks, connected by level corridors.", "Cross-platform interchange __knowledge__ The benefit of this design is that passengers do not need to use stairs to another platform level for transfer, thus increasing the convenience of users.", "Steam (software) __knowledge__ Steam is a digital distribution platform developed by Valve Corporation, which offers digital rights management (DRM), multiplayer gaming, video streaming and social networking services.", "Steam (software) __knowledge__ Steam provides the user with installation and automatic updating of games, and community features such as friends lists and groups, cloud saving, and in-game voice and chat functionality.", "Steam (software) __knowledge__ The software provides a freely available application programming interface (API) called Steamworks, which developers can use to integrate many of Steam's functions into their products, including networking, matchmaking, in-game achievements, micro-transactions, and support for user-created content through Steam Workshop.", "Games for Windows – Live __knowledge__ Games for Windows – Live or GFWL (trademarked as Games for Windows – LIVE) was an online gaming service used by \"Games for Windows\"–branded PC titles that enables Windows PCs to connect to Microsoft's Live service.", "Games for Windows – Live __knowledge__ Users, each with a unique Gamertag (the Microsoft username service for gaming that began on Xbox Live), are able to play online, keep track of their friends' status, send and receive messages, gain and keep track of Achievements and associated Gamerscore, voice chat across platforms (removed in 2010), and much more.", "Games for Windows – Live __knowledge__ Some games allow for cross-platform play, such as \"Shadowrun\", putting Windows players against Xbox 360 players.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ Street Fighter V is a fighting video game developed by Capcom and Dimps.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ The game was released in February 2016 for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows; a Linux version was announced for release in Spring 2016, but has not emerged.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ The game features cross-platform play between the PlayStation 4 and Windows versions.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ Similar to the previous games in the \"Street Fighter\" series, \"Street Fighter V\" features a side-scrolling fighting gameplay system.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ The game also introduces the \"V-Gauge\", which builds as the player receives attacks and adds three new skills.", "Street Fighter V __knowledge__ The game features 16 characters at launch, with four of them being new to the series.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ Portal 2 is a first-person puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to \"Portal\" (2007) and was released on April 19, 2011 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ The retail versions of the game were published by Electronic Arts, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Valve's content delivery service Steam.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ \"Portal 2\" was announced in March 2010, following a week-long alternate reality game based on new patches to the original game.", "Portal 2 __knowledge__ Before the game's release on Steam, the company released the Potato Sack, a second multi-week alternate reality game, involving 13 independently developed titles which culminated in a distributed computing spoof to release \"Portal 2\" several hours early.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Pong __knowledge__ Pong is one of the earliest arcade video games.", "Pong __knowledge__ It is a table tennis sports game featuring simple two-dimensional graphics.", "Pong __knowledge__ The game was originally manufactured by Atari, which released it in 1972.", "Pong __knowledge__ Allan Alcorn created \"Pong\" as a training exercise assigned to him by Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell.", "Pong __knowledge__ Bushnell based the idea on an electronic ping-pong game included in the Magnavox Odyssey, which later resulted in a lawsuit against Atari.", "Pong __knowledge__ Surprised by the quality of Alcorn's work, Bushnell and Atari co-founder Ted Dabney decided to manufacture the game.", "Pong __knowledge__ \"Pong\" quickly became a success and was the first commercially successful video game, which helped to establish the video game industry along with the first home console, the Magnavox Odyssey.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ Beer pong (also known as Dartmouth pong or Backgammon) is a drinking game loosely based on ping pong, that involves use of paddles to hit a ping pong ball into obstacles on the opposing side.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origin of beer pong is generally credited to Dartmouth College.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The name \"beer pong\" also refers to a similar game sometimes called Beirut, in which players throw a ping pong ball by hand at an opponent's cups located across a table.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ The origins of the game are obscure but it has been attributed to a Dartmouth College fraternity party.", "Beer pong (paddles) __knowledge__ An Alpha Phi Delta fraternity alumnus, David Thielscher, class of 1954, recalled in an interview for \"The Dartmouth\" newspaper that beer pong was played when he was an undergraduate.", "Minecraft __knowledge__ Minecraft is a sandbox video game created and designed by Swedish game designer Markus \"Notch\" Persson, and later fully developed and published by Mojang.", "Minecraft __knowledge__ The creative and building aspects of \"Minecraft\" allow players to build with a variety of different cubes in a 3D procedurally generated world.", "Minecraft __knowledge__ Other activities in the game include exploration, resource gathering, crafting, and combat.", "Minecraft __knowledge__ Multiple gameplay modes are available, including a survival mode where the player must acquire resources to build the world and maintain health, a creative mode where players have unlimited resources to build with and the ability to fly, an adventure mode where players can play custom maps created by other players, and a spectator mode where players can freely move throughout a world without being affected by gravity or collisions." ] ]	[ 4, 11, 0, 9 ]	[ "I love video games. The platform I play on is PS4.", "I remember the 64. That was the last console to use cartridges. I first began playing on an Atari, lol.", "Pong! I played Pong as well. Cross platform play is still restricted between PS and Xbox. We have both.", "Yes, I suppose. It is coming though. We play Fortnite, my son and I, and I'll use my laptop to cross platform with him that way." ]	[ "Video game", "Video game", "Video game", "Video game" ]
[ "Influencer marketing", "do you use alot of social media?", "I dont know alot about that. Maybe you can explain more what you mean" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer marketing (also influence marketing) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on influential people rather than the target market as a whole.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers, and orients marketing activities around these influencers.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves, or they may be third parties.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ These third parties exist either in the supply chain (retailers, manufacturers, etc.)", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ or may be so-called value-added influencers (such as journalists, academics, industry analysts, professional advisers, and so on).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ The idea of a \"two-step flow of communication\" was introduced in \"The People's Choice\" (Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ This idea was further developed in \"Personal Influence\" (Lazarsfeld, Elihu Katz 1955) and \"The Effects of Mass Communication\" (Joseph Klapper 1960).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Most discussion on the generic topic of social influence centres on compliance and persuasion in a social environment, as exemplified in Robert Cialdini's book \"Influence: Science and Practice\".", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ In the context of influencer marketing, influence is less about argument and coercion to a particular point of view and more about loose interactions between various parties in a community." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer marketing (also influence marketing) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on influential people rather than the target market as a whole.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers, and orients marketing activities around these influencers.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves, or they may be third parties.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ These third parties exist either in the supply chain (retailers, manufacturers, etc.)", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ or may be so-called value-added influencers (such as journalists, academics, industry analysts, professional advisers, and so on).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ The idea of a \"two-step flow of communication\" was introduced in \"The People's Choice\" (Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ This idea was further developed in \"Personal Influence\" (Lazarsfeld, Elihu Katz 1955) and \"The Effects of Mass Communication\" (Joseph Klapper 1960).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Most discussion on the generic topic of social influence centres on compliance and persuasion in a social environment, as exemplified in Robert Cialdini's book \"Influence: Science and Practice\".", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ In the context of influencer marketing, influence is less about argument and coercion to a particular point of view and more about loose interactions between various parties in a community.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna () is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in Jerusalem that sits partly in East Jerusalem and in a territory that was no man's land before the Six Day war.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ The Ma'alot massacre was a Palestinian terrorist attack that occurred in May 1974 and involved a two-day hostage-taking of 115 Israeli people which ended in the murders of over 25 hostages.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ It began when three armed members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) entered Israel from Lebanon.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ Soon afterwards they attacked a van, killing two Israeli Arab women while injuring a third and entered an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot, where they killed a couple and their four-year-old son.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ From there, they headed for the Netiv Meir Elementary School, where they took more than 115 people (including 105 children) hostage on 15 May 1974, in Ma'alot.", "HYPR __knowledge__ HYPR is an influencer search and discovery engine.", "HYPR __knowledge__ It was founded in 2013.", "HYPR __knowledge__ The company offers brands and marketers in-depth audience analytics for around 10 million influencers across Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and YouTube.", "HYPR __knowledge__ HYPR was the recipient of the \"Best SaaS/Tracking Platform Award\" at the 2017 International Performance Marketing Awards in London.", "HYPR __knowledge__ The platform provides influencer audience demographic, psychographic and geographic data.", "HYPR __knowledge__ The company was founded in 2013 by Gil Eyal and Guy Tamir and is based in New York City, United States.", "HYPR __knowledge__ It also has an office in Tel-Aviv, Israel, and an office in London, UK.", "Viral marketing __knowledge__ Viral marketing (or viral advertising) is a marketing technique that uses pre-existing social networking services and other technologies to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales or marketing buzz) through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of viruses or computer viruses.", "Viral marketing __knowledge__ It can be delivered by word of mouth or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet and mobile networks.", "Viral marketing __knowledge__ The concept is often misused or misunderstood, as people apply it to any successful enough story without taking into account the word \"viral\".", "NeoReach __knowledge__ NeoReach is an influencer marketing software solution that large brands use to run influencer marketing campaigns.", "NeoReach __knowledge__ Using NeoReach, brands can search, manage, and track influencers internally within their company without going through an agency or MCN.", "NeoReach __knowledge__ The company has raised over $3 million USD in venture capital funding.", "NeoReach __knowledge__ NeoReach provides a complete influencer marketing software platform that helps enterprises identify their influencers and manage their influencer relationships.", "NeoReach __knowledge__ With NeoReach, marketers can \"search\" for influencers based on their audience, affinity, and performance, \"manage\" large-scale campaigns, and \"track\" their campaign performance.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing is the marketing of products or services using digital technologies, mainly on the Internet, but also including mobile phones, display advertising, and any other digital medium.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing's development since the 1990s and 2000s has changed the way brands and businesses use technology for marketing.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ As digital platforms are increasingly incorporated into marketing plans and everyday life, and as people use digital devices instead of visiting physical shops, digital marketing campaigns are becoming more prevalent and efficient.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing methods such as search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, data-driven marketing, e-commerce marketing, social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, and optical disks and games are becoming more common in our advancing technology.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ Youth marketing is a term used in the marketing and advertising industry to describe activities to communicate with young people, typically in the age range of 13 to 35.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ More specifically, there is the teen marketing, targeting people age 13 to 17, college marketing, targeting college-age consumers, typically ages 18 to 24, young adult marketing, targeting youngsters use professionals, typically ages 25 to 34.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ The youth market is critical because of the demographic's buying power and its members' influence on the spending of family members.", "Youth marketing __knowledge__ In addition, teens and young adults often set trends that are adopted by other demographic groups." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer marketing (also influence marketing) is a form of marketing in which focus is placed on influential people rather than the target market as a whole.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ It identifies the individuals that have influence over potential buyers, and orients marketing activities around these influencers.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising where they play the role of a potential buyer themselves, or they may be third parties.", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ These third parties exist either in the supply chain (retailers, manufacturers, etc.)", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ or may be so-called value-added influencers (such as journalists, academics, industry analysts, professional advisers, and so on).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ The idea of a \"two-step flow of communication\" was introduced in \"The People's Choice\" (Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet, a 1940 study on the decision making process of voters).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ This idea was further developed in \"Personal Influence\" (Lazarsfeld, Elihu Katz 1955) and \"The Effects of Mass Communication\" (Joseph Klapper 1960).", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ Most discussion on the generic topic of social influence centres on compliance and persuasion in a social environment, as exemplified in Robert Cialdini's book \"Influence: Science and Practice\".", "Influencer marketing __knowledge__ In the context of influencer marketing, influence is less about argument and coercion to a particular point of view and more about loose interactions between various parties in a community.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ The Ma'alot massacre was a Palestinian terrorist attack that occurred in May 1974 and involved a two-day hostage-taking of 115 Israeli people which ended in the murders of over 25 hostages.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ It began when three armed members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) entered Israel from Lebanon.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ Soon afterwards they attacked a van, killing two Israeli Arab women while injuring a third and entered an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot, where they killed a couple and their four-year-old son.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ From there, they headed for the Netiv Meir Elementary School, where they took more than 115 people (including 105 children) hostage on 15 May 1974, in Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna () is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in Jerusalem that sits partly in East Jerusalem and in a territory that was no man's land before the Six Day war.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ Markus Haris Maulana or Muhammad Haris Maulana (born Markus Horison Ririhina on 14 March 1981 in Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Assalam FC in Liga Futebol Amadora.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ He is a goalkeeper and he stands 183 cm.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ He was the main goalkeeper of the Indonesia national football team.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ His debut in the Senior National Team Squad came in a friendly match Indonesia against Hongkong on 1 June 2007, which Indonesia won the match 3–0.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ He played one time in Asian Cup 2007 for Indonesia's match against South Korea on 18 July 2007.", "Markus Haris Maulana __knowledge__ Indonesia lost 0–1 in this game.", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ What Price Confidence?", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ (translated as \"Vertrauenssache\") is a chamber opera in nine scenes with music and libretto by Ernst Krenek, his Op.", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ 111.", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ This \"little drawing room comedy\" is set in London at the turn of the 20th century, and features a protagonist not unlike Max in \"Jonny spielt auf\", as the author points out in a preface; it owes something to Melville as well (specifically \"The Confidence-Man\"), as do his next two operas.", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ Composed during the winter of 1944–45 in St. Paul, it was Krenek's second attempt at an American opera and employed only four singers and piano.", "What Price Confidence? __knowledge__ It shared the fate of \"Tarquin\" in only reaching a belated premiere in Germany (Saarbrücken, 23 May 1962), but this time Krenek was sufficiently satisfied with his work to publish it with Bärenreiter (BA 4301), remarking that the Met singers who requested a touring piece simply couldn't find time for a hoped-for performance.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing is the marketing of products or services using digital technologies, mainly on the Internet, but also including mobile phones, display advertising, and any other digital medium.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing's development since the 1990s and 2000s has changed the way brands and businesses use technology for marketing.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ As digital platforms are increasingly incorporated into marketing plans and everyday life, and as people use digital devices instead of visiting physical shops, digital marketing campaigns are becoming more prevalent and efficient.", "Digital marketing __knowledge__ Digital marketing methods such as search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, data-driven marketing, e-commerce marketing, social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, and optical disks and games are becoming more common in our advancing technology.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ Marketing communications (MC, marcom, marcomm) uses different marketing channels and tools in combination: Marketing communication channels focuses on any way a business communicates a message to its desired market, or the market in general.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ A marketing communication tool can be anything from: advertising, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, communication, promotion and public relations.", "Marketing communications __knowledge__ MC are made up of the marketing mix which is made up of the 4P's: Price, Promotion, Place and Product, for a business selling goods, and made up of the 7P's: Price, Promotion, Place, Product, People, Physical evidence and Process, for a service based business." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 50 ]	[ "Seems like social media relies hevily on influencer marketing, placing the focus of an influential person.", "Facebook and Instagram a bit, companies target people who have a lot of influence over potential consumers.", "They can recruit a celebrity for endorsment, as opposed to trying to market to the masses, as the celebrity will attract attention." ]	[ "Influencer marketing", "Influencer marketing", "Influencer marketing" ]
[ "Choir\nHave you ever been a member of a choir?", "Neither have I have you ever heard one?", "What else can you tell me about a choir, have you ever wanted to be a part of one?", "That is true, most baptist churches have choirs.", "probably to harmonize." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "London Philharmonic Choir __knowledge__ The London Philharmonic Choir (LPC) is one of the leading independent British choirs in the United Kingdom based in London.", "London Philharmonic Choir __knowledge__ The Patron is Princess Alexandra, The Hon Lady Ogilvy and Sir Mark Elder is President.", "London Philharmonic Choir __knowledge__ The choir, comprising more than 200 members, holds charitable status and is governed by a committee of 10 elected directors.", "London Philharmonic Choir __knowledge__ As a charity, its aims are to promote, improve, develop and maintain education in the appreciation of the art and science of music by the presentation of public concerts.", "London Philharmonic Choir __knowledge__ The LPC was formed in 1946 with Frederic Jackson as Chorus Master, for the London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO).", "Basel Boys Choir __knowledge__ The Basel Boys Choir (Knabenkantorei Basel [KKB]) is a Swiss boys' choir based in Basel; it grew out of the \"Boys' Choir of the Protestant Church of Basel-City\", founded by Hermann Ulbrich in 1927.", "Basel Boys Choir __knowledge__ Today the choir is non-denominational.", "Basel Boys Choir __knowledge__ They sing both sacred and secular works.", "Basel Boys Choir __knowledge__ The choir has been under the leadership of Markus Teutschbein since 2007.", "Basel Boys Choir __knowledge__ In addition, the choir has been invited to participate in important music festivals, including the Lucerne Festival under James Conlon, Mario Venzago, Riccardo Chailly and Mariss Jansons, the European Music Festival in Berlin under Roland Bader, the International Festival of Boys Choirs in Poznań (Poland), as well as festivals in Nancy, Maastricht, Venice, Basel, and the Schubert Choir Festival in Vienna in 1997.", "KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir __knowledge__ The KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir is the oldest youth choir in South Africa, founded in 1968 by Hein de Villiers.", "KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir __knowledge__ The choir is based in Durban, South Africa, and attracts talent from across the KwaZulu-Natal province.", "KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir __knowledge__ Under the guidance of its artistic director, Gerard'd Du Toit, the KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir participates both nationally and internationally.", "KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir __knowledge__ Some of the more notable invitations received includes the IFAS choir competition in the Czech Republic and the International Chamber Choir Competition Marktoberdorf, Germany.", "KwaZulu-Natal Youth Choir __knowledge__ 1968 – The choir is recognised as the regional representative Youth Choir.", "Rock Choir __knowledge__ Rock Choir is described as being the United Kingdom's original, and the world's largest, contemporary choir.", "Rock Choir __knowledge__ It holds three Guinness World Records – 'biggest hit act in the UK', 'largest musical act to release an album (signed)' and 'largest song and dance routine held at multiple locations'.", "Rock Choir __knowledge__ Rock Choir offers teenagers and adults the chance to sing contemporary songs without the need to audition, read music or have any previous singing experience.", "Rock Choir __knowledge__ On 16 July 2010 the Daily Mail called it \"Britain's biggest choral movement.\"", "Rock Choir __knowledge__ In November 2017 it had more than 25,000 members rehearsing in 400 locations throughout the UK.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Ana María Raga __knowledge__ Ana María Raga (Caracas, Venezuela, December 16, 1967) is a Venezuelan musician, choir and orchestra director, pianist, arranger, composer and teacher.", "Ana María Raga __knowledge__ She has won national and international prizes in the field of choral singing.", "Ana María Raga __knowledge__ She is the founder and president of the Aequalis Foundation.", "Ana María Raga __knowledge__ Choirs directed by her: Raga started her training as a musician at the “Juan Manuel Olivares” Music School and obtained her Piano Performer degree in 1990 under the tutelage of Marisa Romera.", "Ana María Raga __knowledge__ She holds a bachelor's degree in Choral Conducting from the University Institute for Musical Studies (today Universidad de las Artes (UNEARTE) [University of the Arts]) obtained under the guidance of Alberto Grau.", "Côr Meibion Pontypridd __knowledge__ Côr Meibion Pontypridd is a male voice choir from the Pontypridd area of the Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.", "Côr Meibion Pontypridd __knowledge__ It is based in Pwllgwaun, a suburb of Pontypridd.", "Côr Meibion Pontypridd __knowledge__ Côr Meibion Pontypridd (Pontypridd Male Choir; the name means \"Choir of the Sons of Pontypridd\") was formed in 1949 for traditional Welsh singing.", "Côr Meibion Pontypridd __knowledge__ The choir performs frequently both in Pontypridd and overseas, and has visited Poland, Ireland, the United States and Germany.", "Côr Meibion Pontypridd __knowledge__ The choir has a long-term link with Liederkranz Oberensingen, a male choir from Oberensingen, a northern suburb of Pontypridd's twin town, Nürtingen, in Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\".", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15.", "Jimi Hendrix __knowledge__ In 1961, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division; he was granted an honorable discharge the following year.", "Jascha Spivakovsky __knowledge__ Jascha Spivakovsky (18 August 1896 – 23 March 1970) was a Ukrainian-Australian piano virtuoso of the 20th century.", "Jascha Spivakovsky __knowledge__ He was hailed as a child prodigy in Odessa but almost murdered by Imperial Guards during the 1905 Pogrom.", "Jascha Spivakovsky __knowledge__ He fled to Berlin and was declared the heir of Anton Rubinstein and likened to Ignacy Paderewski and Teresa Carreño before being imprisoned as an Imperial Russian enemy alien during World War I.", "Jascha Spivakovsky __knowledge__ In the interwar period he became internationally recognized as one of the greatest pianists in the world and regarded in Europe as the finest living interpreter of Brahms.", "Jascha Spivakovsky __knowledge__ He also formed a trio which toured Europe with phenomenal success and was declared the finest in the world.", "USS Trigger (SS-237) __knowledge__ \"Trigger\"'s keel was laid down on 1 February 1941 at Mare Island, California, by the Mare Island Navy Yard.", "USS Trigger (SS-237) __knowledge__ She was launched on 22 October 1941 (sponsored by Mrs. Walter N. Vernou), and commissioned on 30 January 1942, with Lieutenant Commander Jack H. Lewis (US Naval Academy Class of 1927) in command.", "USS Trigger (SS-237) __knowledge__ The submarine sailed for Hawaii on 22 May and reached Pearl Harbor the following week.", "USS Trigger (SS-237) __knowledge__ She sortied for Midway Island with Task Group 7.2 (TG 7.2) on 29 May in anticipation of a Japanese attack on that island.", "USS Trigger (SS-237) __knowledge__ Her station during the ensuing Battle of Midway was northeast of Midway, and she remained there without contacting any enemy shipping until she was ordered back to Pearl Harbor on 9 June.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral __knowledge__ The Gunfight at the O.K.", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral __knowledge__ Corral was a 30-second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, October 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory.", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West.", "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral __knowledge__ The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp, and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Don Van Vliet (, born Don Glen Vliet; January 15, 1941 – December 17, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and visual artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His idiosyncratic music blended elements of blues, free jazz, rock, the avant-garde, and contemporary experimental composition with his surrealist wordplay and wide vocal range.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Beefheart was also known for often constructing myths about his life and for exercising an almost dictatorial control over his supporting musicians.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble called the Magic Band (1964–1982), with whom he recorded 13 studio albums.", "List of compositions by David Maslanka __knowledge__ David Maslanka (August 30, 1943 – August 6, 2017) was a U.S. composer who wrote for a variety of genres, including works for choir, wind ensemble, chamber music, and orchestra.", "List of compositions by David Maslanka __knowledge__ Best known for his highly acclaimed wind ensemble compositions, Maslanka has published nearly 100 pieces, including nine symphonies, seven of them for concert band, nine concerti, and a full Mass.", "List of compositions by David Maslanka __knowledge__ Maslanka's works for winds and percussion have become especially well known.", "List of compositions by David Maslanka __knowledge__ They include among others: A Child's Garden of Dreams for Symphonic Wind Ensemble, a concerto for alto saxophone, a concerto for two horns, a concerto for flute, a concerto for clarinet, a concerto for solo percussion, a concerto for tenor trombone, two concerti for piano, winds and percussion, seven symphonies, Mass for soloists, chorus, boys chorus, wind orchestra and organ, and three quintets.", "Alexandrov Ensemble soloists __knowledge__ This is an alphabetical list of the basso profondo, bass, bass-baritone and tenor soloists who have performed with the Alexandrov Ensemble (under its various titles) since its establishment in 1928.", "Alexandrov Ensemble soloists __knowledge__ It is difficult to differentiate between regular and guest soloists, since many have alternated between the one category and the other during their careers, so they are all listed together.", "Alexandrov Ensemble soloists __knowledge__ Soloists of whom no recordings have yet been found have been listed below as \"other soloists\".", "Alexandrov Ensemble soloists __knowledge__ Until April 2009, when this article was created, little or nothing was generally known outside Russia about these fine soloists: as a group, or (in most cases) as individuals.", "DanceAfrica __knowledge__ DanceAfrica is a heritage and community celebration centered on the diverse dance forms of the African Diaspora held annually in New York City, Washington, DC, and Chicago.", "DanceAfrica __knowledge__ Included are indoor and outdoor performance including live music, a film series, master classes, education programs, and an outdoor bazaar.", "DanceAfrica __knowledge__ The political movements in the 1960s and the growth of dance in the 1970s led to the development of a number of African American dance companies.", "DanceAfrica __knowledge__ The celebration DanceAfrica, created by Chuck Davis, built on the momentum of those 1960s and 70s movements through its showcase of African and African-American traditions and art forms.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ A singular desire to bring to Boston’s listeners music that isn’t being heard anywhere else has inspired Cantata Singers’ programming for 50 years.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ In 1964, that music included the cantatas of J.S.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ Bach.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ Today, it may be hard for us to believe, but when Cantata Singers was founded in 1964, live performances of Bach cantatas were quite a rarity.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ In fact, Cantata Singers’ early concerts featured the first Boston performances of many of the cantatas.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ Bach’s music, from the cantatas to the B-minor Mass to the Passions, remains an essential part of Cantata Singers’ repertoire.", "Cantata Singers and Ensemble __knowledge__ However, the ensemble’s repertoire has expanded to include music from the 17th century to today.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ The King's Singers are a British a cappella vocal ensemble founded in 1968.", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ They are named after King's College in Cambridge, England, where the group was formed by six choral scholars.", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, their popularity peaked in the 1970s and early 1980s.", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ Thereafter they began to reach a wider international audience, appearing frequently on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" in the U.S.", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ In 1987, they were prominently featured as guests on the \"Emmy Award\" winning \"ABC-TV\" special \"Julie Andrews: The Sound of Christmas\".", "The King's Singers __knowledge__ Today the ensemble travels worldwide for its performances, appearing in around 125 concerts each year, mostly in Europe, the U.S. and the Far East, having recently added the People's Republic of China to their list of touring territories.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ La Sonora Matancera is a Cuban/Afro-Cuban band that played Latin American urban popular dance music.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ Founded in 1924 and led for more than five decades by guitarist, vocalist, composer, and producer Rogelio Martínez, musicologists consider it an icon of this type of music.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ Notable singers to have sung with the band include Bienvenido Granda, Daniel Santos, Myrta Silva, and Celia Cruz.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ The group was founded on January 12, 1924 in Barrio Ojo de Agua, a neighborhood in the city of Matanzas.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ Culturally and demographically, this seaport is located in the most African region of Cuba.", "Sonora Matancera __knowledge__ The ensemble was initially named Tuna Liberal for political reasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "All I Ever Wanted (album) __knowledge__ All I Ever Wanted is the fourth studio album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released on March 6, 2009 by RCA Records.", "All I Ever Wanted (album) __knowledge__ After the controversies that surrounded her previous studio album, \"My December\" (2007), which was seen as darker than her other two albums, Clarkson went on to record a more pop-oriented album.", "All I Ever Wanted (album) __knowledge__ In order to do so, she enlisted her previous collaborators Max Martin, Dr. Luke, (whom she worked with on her 2004 second album, \"Breakaway\"), Sam Watters and Louis Biancaniello (whom she worked with on her 2003 debut album \"Thankful\"), and new collaborators, Ryan Tedder, Howard Benson and Dre & Vidal.", "The Airborne Toxic Event __knowledge__ The Airborne Toxic Event is an American indie band from Los Feliz, Los Angeles, California.", "The Airborne Toxic Event __knowledge__ It consists of Mikel Jollett (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steven Chen (guitar, keyboards), Adrian Rodriguez (electric bass, backing vocals), Daren Taylor (drums) and Anna Bulbrook (viola, keyboard, tambourine, backing vocals).", "The Airborne Toxic Event __knowledge__ The band released its debut self-titled album in 2008 and released its follow-up album, \"All at Once\", on April 26, 2011.", "The Airborne Toxic Event __knowledge__ Named after a section in Don DeLillo's novel \"White Noise\", the group is known for its blend of rock music and orchestral arrangements, having performed frequently with the Calder Quartet, a string quartet based in Los Angeles.", "Kelly Clarkson __knowledge__ Kelly Brianne Clarkson (born April 24, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and author.", "Kelly Clarkson __knowledge__ She rose to fame in 2002 after winning the inaugural season of the television series \"American Idol\", which earned her a record deal with RCA Records.", "Kelly Clarkson __knowledge__ Clarkson's debut single, \"Before Your Love/A Moment Like This\", topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and became the best-selling single of 2002 in the nation.", "Kelly Clarkson __knowledge__ It was followed by the release of her debut studio album, \"Thankful\" (2003), which debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Kelly Clarkson __knowledge__ Trying to reinvent her image, Clarkson decided to part ways with \"American Idol\" management and developed a more pop rock sound for her second album, \"Breakaway\" (2004).", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ \"All I Ever Wanted\" is a song from the 1998 DreamWorks animated feature \"The Prince of Egypt\".", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ It is sung by Moses (singing voice of Amick Byram) after discovering that he is adopted, which results in him questioning his Egyptian identity and his Hebrew heritage.", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ It is reprised shortly after by the Queen (Linda Dee Shayne), who reassures him of his place in their family.", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ Both songs are collectively referred to as \"All I Ever Wanted (With Queen's Reprise)\" on the film's soundtrack.", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ The song was composed by Stephen Schwartz.", "All I Ever Wanted (The Prince of Egypt) __knowledge__ As Joe and Vicki Traci explained in their article \"Breathing Life Into The Prince of Egypt\": \"Schwartz came up with the inspiration of the song \"All I Ever Wanted\", sung by Moses when he first discovered the truth about his past, when Schwartz visited Egypt.", "Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ Stronger is the fifth studio album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released on October 21, 2011 by RCA Records.", "Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ The thirteen-song track-list features Clarkson collaborating with various new producers as well as with Howard Benson, whom she collaborated with on her previous album, \"All I Ever Wanted\" (2009).", "Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ Wanting to stray away sonically from her previous albums, Clarkson's main objective was to record her vocal performances as it is heard in her live sets, and used as little auto-tune processing as possible.", "Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album) __knowledge__ The album also marked the first release by Clarkson that did not cause a conflict with RCA; her previous records, most notably \"My December\" (2007), were released amidst conflict and controversy.", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ \"Already Gone\" is a song performed by American pop singer-songwriter Kelly Clarkson from her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\".", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ It is co-written by Clarkson and Ryan Tedder, who also produced it.", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's third single in August 2009.", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, \"Already Gone\" is about the breakup of a relationship; the music consists of an arrangement using a piano, drums, and string instruments.", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ The production and release of \"Already Gone\" have been surrounded in controversy.", "Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song) __knowledge__ Clarkson claimed that Tedder re-used the musical arrangement on the 2009 Beyoncé song \"Halo\", and stated that the public would incorrectly assume that she had stolen it; Tedder declared the accusations hurtful and false.", "Glassjaw __knowledge__ Glassjaw is an American post-hardcore band from Long Island, New York.", "Glassjaw __knowledge__ The band is fronted by vocalist Daryl Palumbo and guitarist Justin Beck.", "Glassjaw __knowledge__ The band has been influential in the progression of the underground music scene in the eastern United States and United Kingdom and on the post-hardcore genre, and are known for their intense live shows and frequent line-up changes.", "Glassjaw __knowledge__ The band formed in the summer of 1993 after Palumbo and Beck met each other at camp.", "Glassjaw __knowledge__ Of the band name, Beck has said: \"We had a list of names, and we were just like, let's pick one of these band names which ones the coolest.", "Josh White __knowledge__ Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 – September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist.", "Josh White __knowledge__ He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.", "Josh White __knowledge__ White grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s.", "Josh White __knowledge__ He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs.", "Josh White __knowledge__ In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely.", "Josh White __knowledge__ His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "Steve Hackett __knowledge__ Stephen Richard \"Steve\" Hackett (born 12 February 1950) is an English musician, songwriter, singer and producer who gained prominence as the guitarist of the English progressive rock band Genesis from 1971 to 1977.", "Steve Hackett __knowledge__ Hackett contributed to six Genesis studio albums, three live albums, seven singles and one EP before leaving to pursue a solo career.", "Steve Hackett __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010.", "Steve Hackett __knowledge__ Hackett released his first solo album, \"Voyage of the Acolyte\", while still a member of Genesis in 1975.", "Steve Hackett __knowledge__ After a series of further solo albums beginning in 1978, Hackett co-founded the supergroup GTR with another progressive guitarist, Steve Howe of Yes and Asia, in 1986.", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ Bulguksa is located on the slopes of Mount Toham (Jinheon-dong, Gyeongju city, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea).", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ It is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism and encompasses seven National treasures of South Korea, including the Dabotap and Seokgatap stone pagodas, Cheongun-gyo (Blue Cloud Bridge), and two gilt-bronze statues of Buddha.", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ The temple is classified as \"Historic and Scenic Site No.", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ 1\" by the South Korean government.", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ In 1995, Bulguksa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List together with the Seokguram Grotto, which lies four kilometers to the east.", "Bulguksa __knowledge__ The temple is considered as a masterpiece of the golden age of Buddhist art in the Silla kingdom.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michelle Williams, taken from her fourth studio album \"Journey to Freedom\" (2014).", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ It features Williams' former Destiny's Child groupmates Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Williams, Carmen Reece, Al Sherrod Lambert and Harmony Samuels who also produced it.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ E1 Music released \"Say Yes\" as the album's third single on June 2, 2014.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ \"Say Yes\" marks the third time the trio collaborated as solo artists following the disbandment of their group in 2006.", "Say Yes (Michelle Williams song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Say Yes\" is an uptempo gospel and pop song, which takes influence from dance music.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ The music of Israel is a combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical culture.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ For almost 150 years, musicians have sought original stylistic elements that would define the emerging national spirit.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ In addition to creating an Israeli style and sound, Israel's musicians have made significant contributions to classical, jazz, pop rock and other international music genres.", "Music of Israel __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, there has been a flowering of musical diversity, with Israeli rock, folk and jazz musicians creating and performing extensively, both locally and abroad." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the tenets of soul competency/liberty, salvation through faith alone, scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptists generally recognize two ordinances, baptism and the Lord's supper.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant, though some Baptists disavow this identity.", "Baptists __knowledge__ Diverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ With more than 15 million members , it is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States after the Catholic Church.", "Southern Baptist Convention __knowledge__ The word \"Southern\" in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, specifically whether Southern slave owners could serve as missionaries.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India is a major Christian denomination of North East India.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ It is a member of the Asia Pacific Baptist Federation.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ It is also a member body of the North East India Christian Council, the regional council of the National Council of Churches in India.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ The Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India has about 1,099,548 members in 5,585 churches.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ The first American Baptist missionaries reached North East India in 1836.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ Nathan Brown and O.T.", "Council of Baptist Churches in Northeast India __knowledge__ Cutter, along with their wives, came to Assam hoping to find access to China through the Shans territory to Northern frontier of Burma and Assam.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ There are about 33 million self-professed Baptists in the United States who make up a significant portion of evangelicals in the United States and approximately one third of all Protestants in the United States; at the same time this also makes them the second largest religious grouping following Roman Catholics in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ About 16 million Baptists belong to congregations affiliated with Southern Baptist Convention, the largest such confederation of Baptists.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ More than 40% of all Baptists worldwide reside in the United States.", "Baptists in the United States __knowledge__ The largest denomination among African Americans is the National Baptist Convention, with 7.5 million members, along with the smaller but more liberal Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), with over 2000 churches and a total membership of 2.5 million.", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ Lairawn Baptist Association (LBA) is the organization of 62 Baptist churches throughout Kalay Valley, Sagaing Division, Myanmar.", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ The majority the Burmese population is made of profess Theravada Buddhism and only 6% practices Christianity, with two-thirds of them being considered Protestant.", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ Almost half of these Protestants are Baptist.", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ The LBA mainly serves the Chin people who speak Falam dialect.", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ It is one of the twenty eight associations of Chin Baptist Convention which is under the umbrella of Myanmar Baptist Convention (MBC).", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ As of 2015, the association has 78 pastors and 21305 members .", "Lairawn Baptist Association __knowledge__ The association is divided into 12 areas and each area has their own by-law and constitution, but they work together with each other in unity in the context of LBA, encouraging and resourcing each other.", "American Baptist Home Mission Society __knowledge__ The American Baptist Home Mission Society is a Christian missionary society.", "American Baptist Home Mission Society __knowledge__ Its main predecessor the Home Mission Society was established in New York City in 1832 to operate in the American frontier, with the stated mission \"to preach the Gospel, establish churches and give support and ministry to the unchurched and destitute.\"", "American Baptist Home Mission Society __knowledge__ In the 19th century, the Society was related to the Triennial Convention of Baptists.", "American Baptist Home Mission Society __knowledge__ Today it is part of that Convention's successor, the American Baptist Churches, USA (previously known as, the \"American Baptist Convention\" (1950–1972) and the \"Northern Baptist Convention\" (1907–1950)), and is the successor by merger of several 19th century Baptist organizations related to missions and education, including publications (1824), women (1877), and education (1888).", "Reformed Baptists __knowledge__ Reformed Baptists (sometimes known as Particular Baptists or Calvinistic Baptists) are Baptists that hold to a Calvinist soteriology.", "Reformed Baptists __knowledge__ They can trace their history through the early modern Particular Baptists of England.", "Reformed Baptists __knowledge__ The first Reformed Baptist church was formed in the 1630s.", "Reformed Baptists __knowledge__ The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith was written along Reformed Baptist lines.", "Reformed Baptists __knowledge__ Groups calling themselves Strict Baptists are often differentiated from those calling themselves \"Reformed Baptists,\" sharing the same Calvinist doctrine, but differing on ecclesiastical polity; \"Strict Baptists\" generally prefer a congregationalist polity.", "Restoration Movement __knowledge__ The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone-Campbell Movement, and pejoratively as Campbellism) is a Christian movement that began on the United States frontier during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840) of the early 19th century.", "Restoration Movement __knowledge__ The pioneers of this movement were seeking to reform the church from within and sought \"the unification of all Christians in a single body patterned after the church of the New Testament.\"", "Restoration Movement __knowledge__ Especially since the mid-20th century, members of these churches do not identify as Protestant but simply as Christian.", "Restoration Movement __knowledge__ The Restoration Movement developed from several independent strands of religious revival that idealized early Christianity.", "Hexagonal crystal family __knowledge__ In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the 6 crystal families.", "Hexagonal crystal family __knowledge__ In the hexagonal family, the crystal is conventionally described by a right rhombic prism unit cell with two equal axes (\"a\" by \"a\"), an included angle of 120° (\"γ\") and a height (\"c\", which can be different from \"a\") perpendicular to the two base axes.", "Hexagonal crystal family __knowledge__ The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice, and is the union of the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system.", "Hexagonal crystal family __knowledge__ There are 52 space groups associated with it, which are exactly those whose Bravais lattice is either hexagonal or rhombohedral.", "Havana __knowledge__ Havana (; Spanish: \"La Habana\", ) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.", "Havana __knowledge__ The city has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of – making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region.", "Havana __knowledge__ The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbors: Marimelena, Guanabacoa and Atarés.", "Havana __knowledge__ The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.", "Architecture of cathedrals and great churches __knowledge__ The architecture of cathedrals, basilicas and abbey churches is characterised by the buildings' large scale and follows one of several branching traditions of form, function and style that all ultimately derive from the Early Christian architectural traditions established in the Constantinian period.", "Architecture of cathedrals and great churches __knowledge__ Cathedrals, as well as many abbey churches and basilicas, have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches.", "Architecture of cathedrals and great churches __knowledge__ They also tend to display a higher level of contemporary architectural style and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church does not have.", "Cathedral __knowledge__ A cathedral is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate.", "Cathedral __knowledge__ The counterpart term for such a church in German is \"Dom\" from Latin \"domus ecclesiae\" or \"domus episcopalis\"; also Italian Duomo, Dutch \"Domkerk\" and cognates in many other European languages.", "Cathedral __knowledge__ Churches with the function of \"cathedral\" are usually specific to those Christian denominations with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, and some Lutheran and Methodist churches.", "Cathedral __knowledge__ Church buildings embodying the functions of a cathedral first appear in Italy, Gaul, Spain and North Africa in the 4th century, but cathedrals did not become universal within the Western Catholic Church until the 12th century, by which time they had developed architectural forms, institutional structures and legal identities distinct from parish churches, monastic churches and episcopal residences.", "Anglicanism __knowledge__ Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.", "Anglicanism __knowledge__ Adherents of Anglicanism are called \"Anglicans\".", "Anglicanism __knowledge__ The majority of Anglicans are members of national or regional ecclesiastical provinces of the international Anglican Communion, which forms the third-largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "Anglicanism __knowledge__ They are in full communion with the See of Canterbury, and thus the Archbishop of Canterbury, whom the communion refers to as its \"primus inter pares\" (Latin, \"first among equals\").", "Gothic architecture __knowledge__ Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.", "Gothic architecture __knowledge__ It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.", "Gothic architecture __knowledge__ Originating in 12th century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as \"\" (\"French work\") with the term \"Gothic\" first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance.", "Gothic architecture __knowledge__ Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault (which evolved from the joint vaulting of Romanesque architecture) and the flying buttress.", "Gothic architecture __knowledge__ Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Choir __knowledge__ A choir () (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, or popular music repertoire.", "Choir __knowledge__ Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.", "Choir __knowledge__ A body of singers who perform together as a group is called a choir or chorus.", "Choir __knowledge__ The former term is very often applied to groups affiliated with a church (whether or not they actually occupy the choir) and the second to groups that perform in theatres or concert halls, but this distinction is far from rigid.", "Choir __knowledge__ Choirs may sing without instrumental accompaniment, with the accompaniment of a piano or pipe organ, with a small ensemble (e.g., harpsichord, cello and double bass for a Baroque piece), or with a full orchestra of 70 to 100 musicians.", "Choir __knowledge__ The term \"Choir\" has the secondary definition of a subset of an ensemble; thus one speaks of the \"woodwind choir\" of an orchestra, or different \"choirs\" of voices or instruments in a polychoral composition.", "Choir __knowledge__ In typical 18th- to 21st-century oratorios and masses, chorus or choir is usually understood to imply more than one singer per part, in contrast to the quartet of soloists also featured in these works.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels that occurs in some languages.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ A vowel or vowels in a word must be members of the same subclass (thus \"in harmony\").", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ In languages with vowel harmony, there are constraints on which vowels may be found near each other.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ Suffixes and prefixes will usually follow vowel harmony rules.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ Many agglutinative languages have vowel harmony.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ The term \"vowel harmony\" is used in two different senses.", "Vowel harmony __knowledge__ In the first sense, it refers to any type of long distance assimilatory process of vowels, either \"progressive\" or \"regressive\".", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too is the debut studio album by American country artist Skeeter Davis.", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ The album was released in November 1959 by RCA Victor and was produced by Chet Atkins.", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ It signified Davis' first solo album ever released after departing from the duo, The Davis Sisters.", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ \"I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too\" was recorded in three recording sessions at the RCA Victor studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States.", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ The first session took place in May 1958, followed by January 30, 1959, and then ending in September 1959.", "I'll Sing You a Song and Harmonize Too __knowledge__ The album took its name from Chet Atkins' idea of harmonizing Davis' vocals with herself.", "Niger–Congo languages __knowledge__ The Niger–Congo languages constitute one of the world's major language families and Africa's largest in terms of geographical area, number of speakers and number of distinct languages.", "Niger–Congo languages __knowledge__ It is generally considered to constitute the world's largest language family in terms of distinct languages, although this is complicated by the ambiguity about what constitutes a distinct language.", "Niger–Congo languages __knowledge__ It is the third largest language family in the world by number of native speakers.", "Niger–Congo languages __knowledge__ One of the characteristics common to most Niger–Congo languages is the use of a noun class system.", "Niger–Congo languages __knowledge__ The most widely spoken Niger–Congo languages by number of native speakers are Yoruba, Igbo, Fula and Shona.", "Turkish phonology __knowledge__ A notable feature of Turkish phonology is a system of vowel harmony that causes vowels in most words to be either front or back and either rounded or unrounded.", "Turkish phonology __knowledge__ Stop consonants have palatal allophones before front vowels and velar allophones before back vowels.", "Turkish phonology __knowledge__ In native Turkic words, the velar consonants are palatalized to (similar to Russian) when adjacent to the front vowels .", "Turkish phonology __knowledge__ Similarly, the consonant is realized as a clear or light next to front vowels (including word finally), and as a velarized next to the central and back vowels .", "Turkish phonology __knowledge__ These alternations are not indicated orthographically: the same letters , , and are used for both pronunciations.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ Melharmony is an avant-garde form of music composing that explores new harmonies and voice leading anchored on melodic progression.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ In other words, melharmony aims to create chords and counterpoints based on the melodic rules of evolved systems across the world.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ Melharmony thus blends the two primary, yet diverse concepts in world music - melody and harmony.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ It was originally proposed and developed by musician-composer Chitravina N. Ravikiran.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ British-American composer Robert Morris further developed it from the standpoint of Western theory.", "Melharmony __knowledge__ Melharmony is an inclusive, comprehensive approach to music that takes into consideration the rules and aesthetics of melody-centric systems like Indian classical as well as harmony-anchored systems like Western classical and jazz but is not limited to only those.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ Wolof () is a language of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ Like the neighbouring languages Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo language family.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ Unlike most other languages of the Niger-Congo family, Wolof is not a tonal language.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ Wolof originated as the language of the Lebu people.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language.", "Wolof language __knowledge__ Wolof dialects vary geographically and between rural and urban areas.", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ Teenage Shutdown!", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ Jump, Jive & Harmonize (subtitled \"Pounding, Pulverizing, All-Out Punk Dance Ravers\") is a compilation album featuring garage rock musical artists that recorded during the 1960s.", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ It is the first installment of the \"Teenage Shutdown!\"", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ series, and was released on Crypt Records on October 6, 1998 (\"see\" 1998 in music).", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ Musical highlights include the title track by the Latino band Thee Midniters, which was recorded relatively live, and is marked by Willie Garcia's racous lead vocals and harmonica-organ duel arrangements.", "Teenage Shutdown! Jump, Jive & Harmonize __knowledge__ The Five Americans, who are best known for their Top Ten hit \"Western Union\", are featured with their early cover version of \"Slippin' and Slidin'\".", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques.", "Singing __knowledge__ A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.)", "Singing __knowledge__ that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band.", "A cappella __knowledge__ A cappella (Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way.", "A cappella __knowledge__ It contrasts with cantata, which is usually accompanied singing.", "A cappella __knowledge__ The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.", "A cappella __knowledge__ In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music.", "A cappella __knowledge__ The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.", "Rhythm section __knowledge__ A rhythm section (also called a backup band) is a group of musicians within a music ensemble or band who provide the underlying rhythm, harmony and pulse of the accompaniment, providing a rhythmic and harmonic reference and \"beat\" for the rest of the band.", "Rhythm section __knowledge__ Many of the rhythm section instruments, such as keyboard instruments and guitars, are used to play the chord progression upon which the song is based.", "Rhythm section __knowledge__ The bass instrument (either double bass or electric bass, or another low-register instrument, such as synth bass, depending on the group and its style of music) plays the low-pitched bassline that supports the chord progression, typically by emphasizing the roots of the chords (and to a lesser degree the fifths and thirds of the chords).", "Hōkūleʻa __knowledge__ Hōkūlea is a performance-accurate \"waa kaulua\", a Polynesian double-hulled voyaging canoe.", "Hōkūleʻa __knowledge__ Launched on 8 March 1975 by the Polynesian Voyaging Society, she is best known for her 1976 Hawaii to Tahiti voyage completed with exclusively Polynesian navigation techniques The primary goal of the voyage was to explore the anthropological theory of the Asiatic origin of native Oceanic people (Oceania maps:, ), of Polynesians and Hawaiians in particular, as the result of purposeful trips through the Pacific, as opposed to passive drifting on currents, or sailing from the Americas.", "Hōkūleʻa __knowledge__ (DNA analysis illuminates this theory.)", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ In some cases, a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist's entry or to sing a counter-melody.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music, traditional music and world music styles.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts.", "Backing vocalist __knowledge__ In many rock and metal bands (e.g., the power trio), the musicians doing backing vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums, or keyboards." ] ]	[ 1, 5, 6, 7, 57 ]	[ "I have not been a member of an ensemble of singers.", "Yes, its a body of singers who perform together.", "I have not but the term choir is applied to groups associated with churches.", "They may sing without instruments but sometimes a piano is used.", "I like acapella due to it not having instrumental accompaniment." ]	[ "Choir", "Choir", "Choir", "Choir", "Choir" ]
[ "Top Chef", "My mom watches it, but I've never seen it! Is it a food competition show?", "Oh neat! I love to cook, I should check out this show. Do you happen to know what channel I could find it on?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Top Chef is an American reality competition television series which premiered on March 8, 2006, on Bravo.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ They are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants eliminated in each episode.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show is produced by Magical Elves Productions, the same company that created \"Project Runway\".", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show has spawned multiple spinoff series, including \"Top Chef Masters\", featuring established award-winning chefs; and \"\", featuring pastry chefs.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Another show, \"Top Chef Junior\", featuring contestants in their early teens, premiered in October 2017 on Universal Kids.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Numerous international adaptations of \"Top Chef\" have also been produced.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ On January 24, 2017, Bravo announced that it had renewed \"Top Chef\" for a fifteenth season.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The new season was filmed in Colorado, with challenges set in Denver, Boulder, Telluride, and Aspen, and premiered on December 7, 2017.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ \"Top Chef\" is a cooking show that uses a progressive elimination format.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The beginning of each season starts with twelve to nineteen professional chefs selected through auditions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Top Chef is an American reality competition television series which premiered on March 8, 2006, on Bravo.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ They are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants eliminated in each episode.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show is produced by Magical Elves Productions, the same company that created \"Project Runway\".", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show has spawned multiple spinoff series, including \"Top Chef Masters\", featuring established award-winning chefs; and \"\", featuring pastry chefs.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Another show, \"Top Chef Junior\", featuring contestants in their early teens, premiered in October 2017 on Universal Kids.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Numerous international adaptations of \"Top Chef\" have also been produced.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ On January 24, 2017, Bravo announced that it had renewed \"Top Chef\" for a fifteenth season.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The new season was filmed in Colorado, with challenges set in Denver, Boulder, Telluride, and Aspen, and premiered on December 7, 2017.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ \"Top Chef\" is a cooking show that uses a progressive elimination format.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The beginning of each season starts with twelve to nineteen professional chefs selected through auditions.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 3 was the third season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 10, 2002 and lasted for a total of 82 days.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series concluded on September 25, 2002 when Lisa Donahue was crowned the winner, and Danielle Reyes the runner-up.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The premise of the series remained similar to the previous season.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series revolved around twelve strangers living in a house together with no communication with the outside world.", "Big Brother 3 (U.S.) __knowledge__ They were constantly filmed during their time in the house, and were not permitted to communicate with those filming them.", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 2 was the second season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 5, 2001 and lasted for a total of 82 days.", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season concluded on September 20, 2001 with Dr. Will Kirby being crowned the winner, and Nicole Nilson Schaffrich the runner-up.", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The premise of the series drastically differed from the previous installment of the series.", "Big Brother 2 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series revolved around twelve strangers living in a house together with no communication with the outside world.", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 7, also known as Big Brother: All-Stars, was the seventh season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 6, 2006, and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on September 12, 2006.", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The seventh season saw a moderate increase in ratings, though they generally remained the same when compared to previous editions.", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season premiered to a total of 7.69 million viewers, the lowest premiere numbers for any season at the time.", "Big Brother 7 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season finale had a total of 8.14 million viewers, making it the lowest rated finale at the time.", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 5 was the fifth season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 6, 2004 and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on September 21, 2004.", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ This season was the first to be accompanied by the \"\" spin-off series, which was viewable online and discussed the events of the game.", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The fifth season continued to have the ratings success of the previous season, averaging more than eight million viewers per episode.", "Big Brother 5 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The \"Big Brother 5\" premiere garnered 9.55 million viewers, almost matching that of the previous season's launch night.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 8 was the eighth season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 5, 2007 and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on September 18, 2007.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The eighth season saw little to no change in ratings.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season premiered to a total of 7.40 million viewers, the lowest premiere numbers for any season at the time.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season finale had a total of 8.51 million viewers, making it the second lowest rated finale at the time.", "Big Brother 8 (U.S.) __knowledge__ In total, the series averaged 7.52 million viewers, only .4 behind the previous edition.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 6 was the sixth season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on July 7, 2005 and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on September 20, 2005.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ This season was the second to be accompanied by the \"\" spin-off series, which was viewable online and discussed the events of the game.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The sixth season saw a moderate decline in ratings.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season premiered to a total of 8.47 million viewers, the lowest premiere numbers since 2001.", "Big Brother 6 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Though the finale had a total of ten million viewers, the series averaged 7.24 million viewers, a series low at the time.", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ Big Brother 9, also known as Big Brother: 'Til Death Do You Part, was the ninth season of the American reality television series \"Big Brother\".", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ It is based upon the Netherlands series of the same name, which gained notoriety in 1999 and 2000.", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ \"Big Brother 9\" is the first season of the series to air in the Winter time period, due to a writer's strike.", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The series premiered on CBS on February 12, 2008 and lasted eleven weeks until the live finale on April 27, 2008.", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The ninth season saw a decrease in ratings when compared to past editions of the series.", "Big Brother 9 (U.S.) __knowledge__ The season premiered to a total of 7.33 million viewers, the lowest premiere numbers for any season at the time.", "Reality television __knowledge__ Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents supposedly unscripted real-life situations, and often features an otherwise unknown cast of individuals who are typically not professional actors, although in some shows celebrities may participate.", "Reality television __knowledge__ It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers.", "Reality television __knowledge__ An early term for the format was \"docu-soap\".", "Reality television __knowledge__ The genre has various standard tropes, including \"confessionals\" (also called \"talking heads\" or \"interview segments\") used by cast members to express their thoughts, which often double as the shows' narration.", "Stephanie Izard __knowledge__ Stephanie Izard (born October 30, 1976) is an American chef residing in Chicago, Illinois, best known as the first female chef to win Bravo's \"Top Chef\", taking the title during its fourth season.", "Stephanie Izard __knowledge__ She is the co-owner and executive chef of three award-winning Chicago restaurants, Girl and the Goat, Little Goat, and Duck Duck Goat, and opened her first restaurant, Scylla (now closed) as chef-owner at the age of 27.", "Stephanie Izard __knowledge__ Izard received a James Beard Foundation Award for \"Best Chef: Great Lakes\" in 2013 for her work at Girl and the Goat.", "Stephanie Izard __knowledge__ She has made a number of appearances on \"Top Chef\" since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in \"Top Chef Duels\".", "Top Chef (season 14) __knowledge__ Top Chef: Charleston is the fourteenth season of the American reality television series \"Top Chef\".", "Top Chef (season 14) __knowledge__ The season was announced by Bravo on October 13, 2016, which premiered on December 1, 2016, and concluded on March 2, 2017.", "Top Chef (season 14) __knowledge__ Filming initially took place in Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in May 2016, while the season's final episodes were filmed in areas across Mexico, including Guadalajara and the Yucatán Peninsula.", "Top Chef (season 14) __knowledge__ \"Top Chef: Charleston\" featured eight new contestants competing against eight returning contestants from previous seasons.", "Top Chef (season 14) __knowledge__ \"MasterChef\" and \"Top Chef Masters\" alumnus Graham Elliot debuted as a recurring judge, alongside returning judges Padma Lakshmi, Tom Colicchio, and Gail Simmons.", "Top Chef (season 10) __knowledge__ Top Chef: Seattle is the tenth season of the American reality television series \"Top Chef\".", "Top Chef (season 10) __knowledge__ The season was announced on September 19, 2012, and premiered on November 7, 2012.", "Top Chef (season 10) __knowledge__ The competition was initially filmed in Seattle, Washington before moving to Juneau, Alaska for three episodes, and then concluding in Los Angeles, California.", "Top Chef (season 10) __knowledge__ \"Top Chef: Last Chance Kitchen\", the web series introduced in the previous season which puts the eliminated contestants against each other in head-to-head challenges to battle for a chance to re-enter the main competition, also returned.", "Top Chef (season 10) __knowledge__ The winner continued to compete in the season finale.", "Life After Top Chef __knowledge__ Life After Top Chef is an American reality television series that aired on the Bravo television network.", "Life After Top Chef __knowledge__ It premiered on October 3, 2012.", "Life After Top Chef __knowledge__ The series follows former \"Top Chef\" contestants Richard Blais (\"Top Chef: Chicago\", \"Top Chef: All-Stars\"), Jen Carroll (\"Top Chef: Las Vegas\", \"Top Chef: All-Stars\"), Spike Mendelsohn (\"Top Chef: Chicago\", \"Top Chef: All-Stars\"), and Fabio Viviani (\"Top Chef: New York\", \"Top Chef: All-Stars\") as they pursue their post-\"Top Chef\" professional endeavors and provides insight into the chefs' private lives.", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ Lorena Garcia is a Venezuelan chef who has opened multiple restaurants and became famous through appearances on multiple television shows.", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ She is known for the restaurants she currently owns in airports across the United States of America, and for competing on the show \"Top Chef Masters\".", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ Garcia has put out her own cookbook and a line of kitchenware, while also making strides in her life to help end obesity.", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ Born in Caracas, Venezuela, Lorena grew up around her family.", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ Her mother is Blanca Ibáñez, a Venezuelan politician and served as secretary to former Venezuelan president Jaime Lusinchi.", "Lorena Garcia __knowledge__ Ibáñez married Lusinchi in September 1991." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Top Chef is an American reality competition television series which premiered on March 8, 2006, on Bravo.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ They are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants eliminated in each episode.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show is produced by Magical Elves Productions, the same company that created \"Project Runway\".", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The show has spawned multiple spinoff series, including \"Top Chef Masters\", featuring established award-winning chefs; and \"\", featuring pastry chefs.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Another show, \"Top Chef Junior\", featuring contestants in their early teens, premiered in October 2017 on Universal Kids.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ Numerous international adaptations of \"Top Chef\" have also been produced.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ On January 24, 2017, Bravo announced that it had renewed \"Top Chef\" for a fifteenth season.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The new season was filmed in Colorado, with challenges set in Denver, Boulder, Telluride, and Aspen, and premiered on December 7, 2017.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ \"Top Chef\" is a cooking show that uses a progressive elimination format.", "Top Chef __knowledge__ The beginning of each season starts with twelve to nineteen professional chefs selected through auditions.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Derek Raymond __knowledge__ Robert William Arthur Cook (12 June 1931 – 30 July 1994), better known since the 1980s by his pen name Derek Raymond, was an English crime writer, credited with being a founder of British noir.", "Derek Raymond __knowledge__ The eldest son of a textile magnate, Cook spent his early years at the family’s London house, off Baker Street, tormenting a series of nannies.", "Derek Raymond __knowledge__ In 1937, in anticipation of the Second World War, the family retreated to the countryside, to a house near their Kentish castle.", "Derek Raymond __knowledge__ In 1944 Cook went to Eton, which he later characterized as a “hotbed of buggery” and “an excellent preparation for vice of any kind”.", "Derek Raymond __knowledge__ He dropped out at the age of 17.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the Nickelodeon animated television series \"The Fairly OddParents\".", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Portrayed by: Timothy \"Timmy\" Tiberius Turner was given fairy godparents to grant his every wish.", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ Their names are Cosmo and Wanda.", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ His wishes often have unpredictable and problematic side effects, and are often reverted upon Timmy's request by the end of the episode.", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ His interests include comic books (particularly those centered around his favorite superhero, the Crimson Chin), video games, cartoons,and sports.", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ Timmy's middle name is Tiberius, as revealed in \"Manic Mom Day\".", "List of The Fairly OddParents characters __knowledge__ During a time travel trip, Timmy accidentally arrives the day his parents moved into their house; unseen, he learns that they were expecting a girl, hence his pink hat.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Iron Chef America is an American cooking show based on Fuji Television's \"Iron Chef\", and is the second American adaptation of the series, following the failed \"Iron Chef USA\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is produced by Food Network, which also carried a dubbed version of the original \"Iron Chef\".", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ Like the original Japanese program, the program is a culinary game show.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ In each episode, a new challenger chef competes against one of the resident \"Iron Chefs\" in a one-hour cooking competition based on a secret ingredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme.", "Iron Chef America __knowledge__ The show is presented as a successor to the original \"Iron Chef\", as opposed to being a remake.", "List of Top Chef episodes __knowledge__ Top Chef is an American reality competition television series which premiered on March 8, 2006, on Bravo.", "List of Top Chef episodes __knowledge__ The show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges.", "List of Top Chef episodes __knowledge__ They are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants eliminated in each episode.", "List of Top Chef episodes __knowledge__ Since its inception, the series has aired over 200 episodes.", "List of Top Chef episodes __knowledge__ ", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American reality competition show \"Top Chef Masters\" was broadcast on Bravo.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of Bravo's hit show Top Chef.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ In the first season, 24 world-renowned chefs competed against each other in weekly challenges.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ The program took place in Los Angeles.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ In the season finale that premiered on August 19, 2009, Rick Bayless was crowned \"Top Chef Master\".", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ There are 24 chefs competing in Top Chef Masters.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ In elimination order the contestants are: Rick Moonen and Nils Norén tied for second with 17 Stars each.", "Top Chef Masters (season 1) __knowledge__ In each episode, the chefs compete to win money for their charity.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ Chopped is an American reality-based cooking television game show series created by Executive Producer Linda Lea, along with Dave Noll and Michael Krupat.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ It is hosted by Ted Allen.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ The series pits four chefs against each other as they compete for a chance to win $10,000.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ New episodes air every Tuesday at 10 p.m.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ ET on Food Network.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ In each episode, four chefs compete in a three-round contest, where they attempt to incorporate unusual combinations of ingredients into dishes that are later evaluated by a panel of three judges.", "Chopped (TV series) __knowledge__ At the beginning of each round (Usually, but not always \"Appetizer\", \"Entrée\", and \"Dessert\"), the chefs are each given a basket containing four mystery ingredients and are expected to use all of them in some way.", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ The second season of the American reality competition show \"Top Chef Masters\" was announced on October 22, 2009.", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ In addition, it was announced that Gail Simmons would be added as a critic.", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ The season premiered on April 7, 2010 with 22 world-renowned chefs competing against each other in weekly challenges.", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ In the season finale that premiered on June 9, 2010, Marcus Samuelsson was crowned \"Top Chef Master\".", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ 22 chefs competed in Top Chef Masters.", "Top Chef Masters (season 2) __knowledge__ In elimination order the contestants were: Note: The chefs who received first and/or second place in the Preliminary Rounds move onto the Champions' Round.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ Cutthroat Kitchen is a cooking show hosted by Alton Brown that premiered on the Food Network on August 11, 2013.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ It features four chefs competing in a three-round elimination cooking competition.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ The contestants face auctions in which they can purchase opportunities to sabotage one another.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ Each chef is given $25,000 at the start of the show; the person left standing keeps whatever money he/she has not spent in the auctions.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ The show is in its fifteenth season as of November 2016.", "Cutthroat Kitchen __knowledge__ The series shares some basic elements with other four-chef, three-round elimination-style competitions on Food Network including \"Chopped\" and \"Guy's Grocery Games\"." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 3 ]	[ "top chef is one of my favorite reality shows on tv right now, have you heard of it ?", "the show features chefs competing against each other in various culinary challenges ", "i think its on the cooking channel.. they are judged by a panel of professional chefs and other notables from the food and wine industry with one or more contestants elimiated in each episode" ]	[ "Top Chef", "Top Chef", "Top Chef" ]
[ "Pizza", "What are traditional toppings placed on the pizza?", "When was pizza first introduced to the United States?", "Did they bring any other Italian dishes with them?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/personyear), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ Russo’s New York Pizzeria is based in Houston, Texas and was established in 1992 by Anthony Russo.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ The chain serves New York-style pizza as well as several different types of soups, salads, pastas, calzones and dessert.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ They are famous for their \"party pizzas,\" which are in diameter.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ Operating on the idea that \"if it’s not fresh, don’t serve it,\" the chain has over 30 locations in Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas with several more in development.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ All locations offer dine-in and takeout, and some also have options for delivery and catering.", "Russo's New York Pizzeria __knowledge__ International locations are open in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah, UAE.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ New York-style pizza is pizza made with a characteristically large hand-tossed thin crust, often sold in wide slices to go.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ The crust is thick and crisp only along its edge, yet soft, thin and pliable enough beneath its toppings to be folded in half to eat.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Traditional toppings are simply tomato sauce and shredded mozzarella cheese.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ This style evolved in the U.S. from the pizza that originated in New York City in the early 1900s, itself derived from the pizza made in Italy.", "New York-style pizza __knowledge__ Today it is the dominant style eaten in the New York Metropolitan Area states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, and variously popular throughout the United States.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "TechMission __knowledge__ TechMission is a Christian non-profit organization located in Dorchester, Massachusetts which aims to use technology to transform vulnerable communities.", "TechMission __knowledge__ Its main goals include bridging the digital divide, protecting youth and families from online pornography, matching Christian volunteers with organizations that need them, and training urban ministry workers in ministry management and development through online courses at City Vision College.", "TechMission __knowledge__ To serve these ends, in 2012, TechMission: • Matched 9,995 volunteers through ChristianVolunteering.org & programs • Funded 65 full-time interns for ministries serving 3,642 at-risk youth through TechMission Corps • Served over 1.3 million unique visitors to UrbanMinistry.org & other websites • Provided accredited college courses with 281 student registrations through City Vision College • Provided $10.3 million in resources to sites only spending $1.5 million (674% return on investment) TechMission was founded in 2000 as an extension of the ministry of the PREP Computer Center, which was a Dorchester-based computer center run as a partnership between Bruce Wall Ministries and two local churches.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/personyear), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This is an index of characters and mecha in the anime and manga \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar\" and \"The King of Braves GaoGaiGar FINAL\".", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ A brave man with tremendous courage and enthusiasm, and the strength to never give up for the sake of life—even at the possible cost of his own.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ Former astronaut and test pilot for the Space Development Corporation.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ In 2003, he had been in orbit testing an experimental space shuttle when an extraterrestrial object (later classified as EI-01) suddenly appeared in his flight path, smashing his shuttle out of the way.", "List of The King of Braves GaoGaiGar characters __knowledge__ This left the shuttle disabled and Guy himself in a near-death state.", "Salvatore Cuomo __knowledge__ Salvatore Shigeta (born Salvatore Cuomo) is an Italian-born Japanese celebrity chef, restaurateur and media personality, known for his food-focused television shows and cookbooks, as well as for his restaurants across Asia.", "Salvatore Cuomo __knowledge__ Known in Japan as \"The Pizza Man\" and \"The Grand Chef\", he strives to improve Italian cuisine internationally.", "Salvatore Cuomo __knowledge__ Salvatore Cuomo Restaurants, Catering Services, Cookbooks and Licensed Products are run by Ystable Corporation, owned and operated by Seizaburo Kanayama and Salvatore Cuomo.", "Salvatore Cuomo __knowledge__ Salvatore Cuomo was born in Naples, Italy, in 1972, son of an Italian father and Japanese mother.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine is a style of cooking and food preparation originating in or widely popular in Poland.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine has evolved over the centuries to become very eclectic due to Poland's history.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine shares many similarities with other Slavic countries, especially neighboring Czech and Slovak.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ It has also been widely influenced by other Central European cuisines, namely German, Austrian and Hungarian cuisines as well as Jewish, French, Turkish and Italian culinary traditions.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ It is rich in meat, especially pork, chicken and beef (depending on the region), winter vegetables (cabbage in the dish \"bigos\"), spices, and herbs.", "List of Italian dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of Italian dishes and foods.", "List of Italian dishes __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has developed through centuries of social and political changes, with roots as far back as the 4th century BC.", "List of Italian dishes __knowledge__ Italian cuisine has its origins in Etruscan, ancient Greek, and ancient Roman cuisines.", "List of Italian dishes __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers and maize, now central to the cuisine but not introduced in quantity until the 18th century.", "List of Italian dishes __knowledge__ The cuisine of Italy is noted for its regional diversity, abundance of difference in taste, and is known to be one of the most popular in the world, with influences abroad.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine of Germany has evolved as a national cuisine through centuries of social and political change with variations from region to region.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ Some regions of Germany, like Bavaria and neighbouring Swabia, share dishes with Austrian and parts of Swiss cuisine.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ The Michelin Guide of 2015 awarded eleven restaurants in Germany three stars, the highest designation, while 38 more received two stars and 233 one star.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ German restaurants have become the world's second-most decorated after France.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ Pork, beef, and poultry are the main varieties of meat consumed in Germany, pork being the most popular.", "German cuisine __knowledge__ Average annual meat consumption is .", "Regional cuisines of medieval Europe __knowledge__ The regional cuisines of medieval Europe were the results of differences in climate, seasonal food variations, political administration and religious customs that varied across the continent.", "Regional cuisines of medieval Europe __knowledge__ Though sweeping generalizations should be avoided, more or less distinct areas where certain foodstuffs dominated can be discerned.", "Regional cuisines of medieval Europe __knowledge__ In the British Isles, northern France, the Low Countries, the northern German-speaking areas, Scandinavia and the Baltic the climate was generally too harsh for the cultivation of grapes and olives.", "Regional cuisines of medieval Europe __knowledge__ In the south, wine was the common drink for both rich and poor alike (though the commoner usually had to settle for cheap second pressing wine) while beer was the commoner's drink in the north and wine an expensive import.", "Tiella __knowledge__ Tiella is a dish in Italian cuisine that is prepared with potato, rice, onion and mussels as primary ingredients.", "Tiella __knowledge__ Additional ingredients may be used.", "Tiella __knowledge__ Variations of the dish exist, and some may be prepared with other types of seafood.", "Tiella __knowledge__ The round earthenware dish in which tiella is traditionally cooked is also referred to as a \"tiella\".", "Tiella __knowledge__ Tiella is part of the cuisine of Apulia in southern Italy.", "Tiella __knowledge__ It may also be found in coastal areas of Calabria.", "Tiella __knowledge__ In Gaeta, Lazio, Italy, tiella is a specialty dish of the region prepared in the style of a pocket sandwich, using seafood such as octopus that is stuffed within a torta.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "World War II by country __knowledge__ Nearly every country in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of a few countries that remained neutral.", "World War II by country __knowledge__ The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers.", "World War II by country __knowledge__ The leading Axis powers were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan; while the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were the \"Big Four\" Allied powers.", "World War II by country __knowledge__ Even though the Axis had the support of a handful of minor allies and client states, by 1945 almost every single country in the world had declared war on them, although many of them did so only at the eleventh hour.", "Operation Achse __knowledge__ Operation Achse (, \"Case Axis\"), originally called Operation Alaric (), was the codename for the German plan to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after the armistice with the Allied forces in 1943.", "Operation Achse __knowledge__ Several German divisions had entered Italy after the fall of Benito Mussolini in July 1943, while Italy was officially still an ally of Germany, despite the protests of the new Italian government under Pietro Badoglio.", "Operation Achse __knowledge__ The Armistice of Cassibile was made public on 8 September.", "Operation Achse __knowledge__ German forces moved rapidly to take over the Italian zones of occupation in the Balkans and southern France, and to disarm Italian forces in Italy.", "World War I __knowledge__ World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.", "World War I __knowledge__ More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.", "World War I __knowledge__ Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis powers (, , \"Sūjikukoku\"), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936.", "Axis powers __knowledge__ Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term \"Axis\".", "History of Italy __knowledge__ Since classical times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabitated the Italian peninsula and insular Italy.", "History of Italy __knowledge__ The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the city of Rome as a Kingdom, which eventually became a Republic that united Italy by the third century BC and emerged as the dominant power of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of the military victories of generals such as Scipio, Aemilius Paullus, Scipio Aemilianus, Gaius Marius, Lucius Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ In keeping with German signals practice since 1942, the term \"communication intelligence\" () had been used when intercept units were assigned to observe both enemy \"radio and wire\" communication.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ When the observation of only enemy \"radio\" communication was undertaken, the term \"radio intelligence\" ().", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ The term \"intercept service\" () was also used up until 1942.", "German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II __knowledge__ Towards the end of World War II, about 12,000 troopers of the German Army were engaged in intercepting the radio traffic of an increasingly powerful adversary." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 20, 17 ]	[ "Pizza is a traditional Italian dish", "There are many types. It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments,", "After World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "A number of dishes. It influenced several cuisines around the United States." ]	[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]
[ "Sushi", "i dont know much about sushi tell me more", "Are they really eaten raw?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Percy Romeo Miller, Jr. (born August 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Maserati Rome or simply Rome (formerly Lil' Romeo and Romeo) or his acting/business name Romeo Miller, is an American rapper, actor, basketball player, entrepreneur, and model.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Miller is the son of hip hop artist Master P. Miller has founded the record labels Guttar Music, Take A Stand, The Next Generation and his current label No Limit Forever.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Miller gained fame in the early 2000s after signing with No Limit Records, his father's label at the time, with the help of his debut single \"My Baby\" which went on to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Sashimi (; , ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of very fresh raw meat or fish sliced into thin pieces.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ The word \"sashimi\" means \"pierced body\", i.e.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ \"刺身\" = \"sashimi\", where 刺し = \"sashi\" (pierced, stuck) and 身 = \"mi\" (body, meat).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word \"切る\" = \"kiru\" (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than samurai.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices for the purpose of identifying the fish being eaten.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The Atlantic bluefin tuna (\"Thunnus thynnus\") is a species of tuna in the family Scombridae.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ It is variously known as the northern bluefin tuna (mainly when including Pacific bluefin as a subspecies), giant bluefin tuna (for individuals exceeding ) and formerly as the tunny.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin are native to both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin have become extinct in the Black Sea.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a close relative of the other two bluefin tuna species—the Pacific bluefin tuna and the southern bluefin tuna.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin tuna may exceed in weight, and rival the black marlin, blue marlin and swordfish as the largest Perciformes.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ This article is about raw fish or shellfish.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ It includes marinated raw fish (soaked in a seasoned liquid) and raw fish which is lightly cured such as gravlax, but not fish which is fully cured (fermented, pickled, smoked or otherwise preserved).", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Parasites in fish are a natural occurrence and common.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Though not a health concern in thoroughly cooked fish, parasites are a concern when consumers eat raw or lightly preserved fish such as sashimi, sushi, ceviche, and gravlax.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ The popularity of such raw fish dishes makes it important for consumers to be aware of this risk.", "List of raw fish dishes __knowledge__ Raw fish should be frozen to an internal temperature of −20 °C (−4 °F) for at least 7 days to kill parasites.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng, yee sang or yuu sahng (), or Prosperity Toss, also known as lo hei (Cantonese for 撈起 or 捞起) is a Cantonese-style raw fish salad.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ It usually consists of strips of raw fish (sometimes salmon), mixed with shredded vegetables and a variety of sauces and condiments, among other ingredients.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng literally means \"raw fish\" but since \"fish (魚)\" is commonly conflated with its homophone \"abundance (余)\", Yúshēng (魚生) is interpreted as a homophone for Yúshēng (余升) meaning an increase in abundance.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Therefore, yusheng is considered a symbol of abundance, prosperity and vigor.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ While versions of it are thought to have existed in China, the contemporary version was created and popularised in the 1960s amongst the ethnic Chinese community and its consumption has been associated with Chinese New Year festivities in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Fish has been an important source of protein and other nutrients for humans from time immemorial.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ In culinary and fishery contexts, \"fish\" may include shellfish, such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms.", "Fish as food __knowledge__ English does not distinguish between \"fish\" as an animal and the food prepared from it, as it does with \"pig\" vs. \"pork\" or \"cow\" vs. \"beef\".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ Some other languages do, as in the Spanish \" versus \".", "Fish as food __knowledge__ The modern English word for fish comes from the Old English word \"fisc\" (plural: \"fiscas\") which was pronounced as it is today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus \"Musa\" whose fruits are generally used in cooking.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ They may be eaten while ripe or unripe and are generally starchy.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Some cooking bananas are also referred to as green bananas or plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ ( , ) The term \"plantain\" is loosely applied to any banana cultivar that is eaten when cooked.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ However, there is no formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Cooking is also a matter of custom, rather than necessity.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ Ripe plantains can be eaten raw, since the starches are converted to sugars as they ripen.", "Cooking banana __knowledge__ In some countries, there may be a clear distinction between plantains and bananas, but in other countries, where many more cultivars are consumed, the distinction is not made in the common names used.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Yup'ik cuisine (\"Yupiit neqait\" in Yup'ik language, literally \"Yup'iks' foods\" or \"Yup'iks' fishes\") refers to the Eskimo style traditional subsistence food and cuisine of the Yup'ik people from the western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik cuisine for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig cuisine for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ This cuisine is traditionally based on meat from fish, birds, sea and land mammals, and normally contains high levels of protein.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior superfoods.", "Banana __knowledge__ The banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus \"Musa\".", "Banana __knowledge__ In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called plantains, in contrast to dessert bananas.", "Banana __knowledge__ The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe.", "Banana __knowledge__ The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant.", "Banana __knowledge__ Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic (seedless) bananas come from two wild species – \"Musa acuminata\" and \"Musa balbisiana\".", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Radish __knowledge__ The radish (\"Raphanus raphanistrum\" subsp.", "Radish __knowledge__ \"sativus\") is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times.", "Radish __knowledge__ Radishes are grown and consumed throughout the world, being mostly eaten raw as a crunchy salad vegetable.", "Radish __knowledge__ They have numerous varieties, varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature.", "Radish __knowledge__ Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate.", "Radish __knowledge__ They are sometimes grown as companion plants and suffer from few pests and diseases.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The Atlantic bluefin tuna (\"Thunnus thynnus\") is a species of tuna in the family Scombridae.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ It is variously known as the northern bluefin tuna (mainly when including Pacific bluefin as a subspecies), giant bluefin tuna (for individuals exceeding ) and formerly as the tunny.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin are native to both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin have become extinct in the Black Sea.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a close relative of the other two bluefin tuna species—the Pacific bluefin tuna and the southern bluefin tuna.", "Atlantic bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Atlantic bluefin tuna may exceed in weight, and rival the black marlin, blue marlin and swordfish as the largest Perciformes.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Sashimi (; , ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of very fresh raw meat or fish sliced into thin pieces.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ The word \"sashimi\" means \"pierced body\", i.e.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ \"刺身\" = \"sashimi\", where 刺し = \"sashi\" (pierced, stuck) and 身 = \"mi\" (body, meat).", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word \"切る\" = \"kiru\" (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than samurai.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices for the purpose of identifying the fish being eaten.", "Sashimi __knowledge__ Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Seafood species can be mislabelled in misleading ways.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ This article examines the history and types of mislabeling, and looks at the current state of the law in different locations.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Proper species identification of seafood has been important to consumers since ancient times.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ The Jewish dietary laws known as kashrut required the Jews to identify certain types of fish to maintain a kosher diet.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ Kashrut does not require rabbis to \"bless\" fish to make it kosher, but rather to identify the features the fish must have to meet kosher requirements (among others) and confirm their existence.", "Seafood mislabelling __knowledge__ In the 13th century, the King of England passed first law concerning proper labeling requirements, the Assize of Bread and Ale, regulating weight and quality of bread and ale.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The southern bluefin tuna, \"Thunnus maccoyii\", is a tuna of the family Scombridae found in open southern Hemisphere waters of all the world's oceans mainly between 30°S and 50°S, to nearly 60°S.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ At up to and weighing up to , it is among the larger bony fishes.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ Southern bluefin tuna, like other pelagic tuna species, are part of a group of bony fishes that can maintain their body core temperature up to above the ambient temperature.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ This advantage enables them to maintain high metabolic output for predation and migrating large distances.", "Southern bluefin tuna __knowledge__ The southern bluefin tuna is an opportunistic feeder, preying on a wide variety of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, salps, and other marine animals.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia." ] ]	[ 2, 2, 1 ]	[ "What is your favorite sushi, raw fish type??", "Most sushi is made with raw seafood. I like tuna.", "Most are raw. You must also use brown or white rice." ]	[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]
[ "Tennis\nMy spouse and I always enjoy playing tennis together. Do you have any interest in tennis?", "Oh, who won the Finals this year? I heard some reports on early matches but did not follow up.", "He is a great tennis player. Has Nadal won the French Open before? If so, do you know how many times?", "Wow, that definitely puts him high up there for being considered one of the best tennis players in history." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ \"The Prince of Tennis\" manga and anime series has a large cast of fictional characters created by Takeshi Konomi; many have appeared in the musical and film adaptations.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The cast of the series is largely made up of the members of the various tennis teams for the schools portrayed in the series, their coaches, and various family members and supporters.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Ryoma Echizen, a 12-year-old tennis prodigy who joins the Seishun Academy tennis team.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main cast is rounded out with the other eight regular players for Seishun, all of whom have various special abilities at playing tennis.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ The manner in which assets are distributed depends on whether the deceased has left a valid will or other valid document containing testamentary provisions, such as an antenuptial contract.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ If the deceased has not left a valid will or valid document containing testamentary provisions, the deceased dies intestate; similarly, if the deceased leaves a valid will which does not dispose of all property, there is an intestacy as to the portion not disposed of.", "Law of succession in South Africa __knowledge__ In the event of intestacy, the assets are distributed in a definite order of preference among the heirs, as stipulated by the Intestate Succession Act.", "Women's tennis in Australia __knowledge__ While not being urged to avoid competition, women had few opportunities to compete in sport in Australia until the 1880s.", "Women's tennis in Australia __knowledge__ After that date, new sporting facilities were being built around the country and many new sport clubs were created.", "Women's tennis in Australia __knowledge__ One of the reason women were encouraged to play croquet, tennis and golf during the late 1800s was because it was seen as beneficial to their health.", "Women's tennis in Australia __knowledge__ These sports were also seen as passive, non-aggressive and non-threatening to the period's concepts of masculinity and femininity.", "Women's tennis in Australia __knowledge__ The \"Australasian Sketcher with Pen and Pencil\" from 4 March 1882 ran a lithograph of men and women playing tennis together.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ Maria Yuryevna Sharapova (; born April 19, 1987) is a Russian professional tennis player.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ A United States resident since 1994, Sharapova has competed on the WTA tour since 2001.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ She has been ranked world No.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ 1 in singles by the WTA on five separate occasions, for a total of 21 weeks.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ She is one of ten women, and the only Russian, to hold the career Grand Slam.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ She is also an Olympic medalist, having earned silver for Russia in women's singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ Sharapova became the world No.", "Maria Sharapova __knowledge__ 1 for the first time on August 22, 2005, at the age of 18, and last held the ranking for the fifth time for four weeks from June 11, 2012, to July 8, 2012.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ Timothy Henry Henman (born 6 September 1974) is a retired British professional tennis player.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ Henman played a serve-and-volley style of tennis.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ He was the first male player from the United Kingdom since Roger Taylor in the 1970s to reach the semi-finals of the Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ Henman never reached the finals of any Grand Slam but reached six Grand Slam semifinals and won 15 career ATP titles (11 in singles and four in doubles), including the Paris Masters in 2003.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ Also, he scored 40 wins and 14 losses with the Great Britain Davis Cup team.", "Tim Henman __knowledge__ Henman was ranked British number 1 in 1996 and again from 1999 to 2005, from which point he was succeeded by Andy Murray.", "Wimbledon (film) __knowledge__ Wimbledon is a 2004 British romantic comedy film directed by Richard Loncraine.", "Wimbledon (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Paul Bettany as a washed-up tennis pro and Kirsten Dunst as an up-and-coming tennis star.", "Wimbledon (film) __knowledge__ Peter Colt, a British professional tennis player in his thirties whose ranking has slipped from 11th to 119th in the world, has never really had to fight for anything, as his wealthy family allowed him to easily pursue his tennis ambitions.", "Wimbledon (film) __knowledge__ Though he earns a wildcard spot to the Wimbledon tournament, he feels it's time to admit he's getting too old to compete with fitter up-and-coming younger players and intends, after this last Wimbledon, to take a job with a prestigious tennis club." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ Sir Leonard Hutton (23 June 1916 – 6 September 1990) was an English cricketer who played as an opening batsman for Yorkshire from 1934 to 1955 and for England in 79 Test matches between 1937 and 1955.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\" described him as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ He set a record in 1938 for the highest individual innings in a Test match in only his sixth Test appearance, scoring 364 runs against Australia, a milestone that stood for nearly 20 years (and remains an England Test record).", "Len Hutton __knowledge__ In 1952, he became the first professional cricketer of the 20th Century to captain England in Tests; under his captaincy England won the Ashes the following year for the first time in 19 years.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "Hulk Hogan __knowledge__ Terry Gene Bollea (, born August 11, 1953), better known by his ring name Hulk Hogan, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, television personality, entrepreneur and musician.", "Hulk Hogan __knowledge__ Hogan is regarded by many as the greatest professional wrestler of all time.", "Hulk Hogan __knowledge__ According to IGN, he is \"the most recognized wrestling star worldwide and the most popular wrestler of the 1980s\".", "Hulk Hogan __knowledge__ Hogan enjoyed considerable mainstream popularity between 1984 and 1993 as a face in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), which continued for the remainder of the 1990s in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where he turned heel in 1996 and performed as the New World Order (nWo) leader \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan.", "Variations in published cricket statistics __knowledge__ Variations in published cricket statistics have come about because there is no official view of the status of cricket matches played in Great Britain before 1895 or in the rest of the world before 1947.", "Variations in published cricket statistics __knowledge__ As a result, historians and statisticians have compiled differing lists of matches that they recognise as \"unofficially\" first-class (i.e., as important matches).", "Variations in published cricket statistics __knowledge__ The problem is significant where it touches on some of the sport's first-class records and especially the playing career of W. G. Grace.", "Variations in published cricket statistics __knowledge__ The concept of a \"first-class standard\" was formalised in May 1894 at a meeting of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) committee and the secretaries of the clubs involved in the official County Championship, which had begun in 1890.", "History of the Brazil national football team __knowledge__ The history of the Brazil national football team began with the team's first international match in 1914, a 0–3 loss to Argentina.", "History of the Brazil national football team __knowledge__ Brazil played in the first FIFA World Cup in 1930.", "History of the Brazil national football team __knowledge__ The Brazil national team has been successful throughout its history, winning the FIFA World Cup five times since 1958.", "History of the Brazil national football team __knowledge__ It is generally believed that the first game of the Brazil national football team was a 1914 match between a Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo select team and the English club Exeter City, held in Fluminense's stadium.", "History of the Brazil national football team __knowledge__ Brazil won 2–0 with goals by Oswaldo Gomes and Osman, though it is claimed that the match was a 3–3 draw.", "Match __knowledge__ A match is a tool for starting a fire.", "Match __knowledge__ Typically, modern matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper.", "Match __knowledge__ One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by frictional heat generated by striking the match against a suitable surface.", "Match __knowledge__ Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks.", "Match __knowledge__ The coated end of a match, known as the match \"head\", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder; often coloured for easier inspection.", "Match __knowledge__ There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ The earliest definite reference to cricket is dated Monday, 17 January 1597 (i.e., an \"Old Style\" Julian date which is 1598 by modern reckoning under the Gregorian calendar).", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ It is a deposition in the records of a legal case at Guildford, Surrey, re the use of a parcel of land c.1550 and John Derrick, a coroner, testified that he had at that time played cricket on the land when he was a boy.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ Derrick's testimony makes clear that the sport was being played c.1550, but its true origin is a mystery.", "History of cricket to 1725 __knowledge__ All that can be said with a fair degree of certainty is that its beginning was earlier than 1550, somewhere in south-east England within the counties of Kent, Sussex and Surrey.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ The Djokovic–Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23–22.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9–6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ The 2012 WTA Tour Championships was a tennis tournament played at Istanbul, Turkey from October 23 to October 28, 2012.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ It was the 42nd edition of the singles event and the 37th edition of the doubles competition.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ The tournament was held at the Sinan Erdem Dome and was contested by eight singles players and four doubles teams.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ It was the larger of two season ending championships on the 2012 WTA Tour.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ The tournament featured the top eight singles players and the top four doubles teams in the race to Istanbul.", "2012 WTA Tour Championships __knowledge__ Victoria Azarenka, Maria Sharapova, Serena Williams, Agnieszka Radwańska, Angelique Kerber, Petra Kvitová, Sara Errani and Li Na qualified for the singles competition.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ Stanislas Wawrinka (; born 28 March 1985) is a Swiss professional tennis player.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ Professionally known as \"Stan\", he reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ 3 singles ranking for the first time on 27 January 2014.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ His career highlights include three Grand Slam titles at the 2014 Australian Open, 2015 French Open and 2016 US Open, where he defeated the world No.", "Stan Wawrinka __knowledge__ 1 player in the final on all three occasions, reaching the final of the 2017 French Open, winning an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 title at the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2014, and reaching three other finals at 2008 Rome, 2013 Madrid and 2017 Indian Wells.", "Bryan brothers __knowledge__ The Bryan Brothers are identical twin brothers Robert Charles \"Bob\" Bryan and Michael Carl \"Mike\" Bryan, American professional doubles tennis players, and are the most successful duo of all time.", "Bryan brothers __knowledge__ They were born on April 29, 1978, with Mike being the elder by two minutes.", "Bryan brothers __knowledge__ The Bryans have won multiple Olympic medals, including the gold in 2012 and have won more professional games, matches, tournaments and Grand Slams than any other men's pairing.", "Bryan brothers __knowledge__ They have held the World No.", "Bryan brothers __knowledge__ 1 doubles ranking jointly for 438 weeks (as of October 25, 2015), which is longer than anyone else in doubles history, and have also enjoyed that world number one ranking together for a record 139 consecutive weeks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1).", "Djokovic–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Djokovic–Nadal rivalry is between tennis players Novak Djokovic and Rafael Nadal, who are engaged in a modern-day tennis rivalry.", "Djokovic–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry is the most prolific of the Open Era.", "Djokovic–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The two have faced each other 50 times with Djokovic leading 26–24.", "Djokovic–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Between 2006–2010, this rivalry was often overshadowed by the historic Federer–Nadal rivalry, but it started to become widely recognized after they played their first Grand Slam final against each other at the 2010 US Open.", "Djokovic–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The first half of the rivalry was dominated by Nadal (who led 16–7 after the 2010 season) while the second half has been dominated by Djokovic, winning 11 out the last 13 matches.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ The Djokovic–Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23–22.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9–6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The Federer–Nadal rivalry is between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They are engaged in a storied rivalry, which many consider to be the greatest in tennis history.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ They have played 38 times, most recently in the final of the 2017 Shanghai Masters and Nadal leads their fourteen-year-old rivalry with an overall record of 23–15 (9–3 in majors).", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ Of their 38 matches, 20 have been on hard court, 15 have been on clay, and three have been on grass.", "Federer–Nadal rivalry __knowledge__ The results of their matches are somewhat polarized by playing surface, with Nadal leading Federer on clay (13–2), but with Federer having an edge on both hard courts (11–9) and grass (2–1).", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Milos Raonic __knowledge__ Milos Raonic (; born December 27, 1990) is a Canadian professional tennis player.", "Milos Raonic __knowledge__ He reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No.", "Milos Raonic __knowledge__ 3 singles ranking on November 21, 2016.", "Milos Raonic __knowledge__ His career highlights include a Grand Slam final at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships; two Grand Slam semifinals at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships and 2016 Australian Open; and three ATP World Tour Masters 1000 finals at the 2013 Canadian Open, 2014 Paris Masters, and 2016 Indian Wells Masters.", "Milos Raonic __knowledge__ Raonic first gained international acclaim by reaching the fourth round of the 2011 Australian Open as a qualifier, being referred to as \"the real deal\", \"a new star\", part of \"a new generation\", and \"a future superstar\".", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ Justine Henin (; born 1 June 1982), between 2002 and 2007 Justine Hénin-Hardenne, is a Belgian former professional tennis player known for her all-court style of play and notably being one of the few female players to use a single-handed backhand.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ She spent a total of 117 weeks as the world No.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ 1 and was the year-end No.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ 1 in 2003, 2006 and 2007.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ Henin won seven Grand Slam singles titles; winning the French Open in 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the US Open in 2003 and 2007 and the Australian Open in 2004.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ At Wimbledon, she was the runner-up in 2001 and 2006.", "Justine Henin __knowledge__ She also won a gold medal in the women's singles at the 2004 Olympic Games and won the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2006 and 2007.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 8 in the WTA singles rankings.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She is generally regarded as one of the all-time greats of women's tennis and, along with younger sister Serena Williams, is credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ Williams has been ranked world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ She first became the world No.", "Venus Williams __knowledge__ 1 on February 25, 2002, the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Rafael \"Rafa\" Nadal Parera (, ; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player, currently ranked world No.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ 1 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Known as \"The King of Clay\", he is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal's evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ Nadal has won 16 Grand Slam singles titles, 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles, 19 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles.", "Rafael Nadal __knowledge__ In majors, Nadal has won 10 French Open titles, three US Open titles, two Wimbledon titles, and one Australian Open title.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Roger Federer (; born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 2 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ Federer has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the most in history for a male player and has held the world No.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for 302 weeks, including 237 consecutive weeks.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ After turning professional in 1998, he was continuously ranked in the top ten from October 2002 to November 2016.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ He re-entered the top ten following his victory at the 2017 Australian Open.", "Roger Federer __knowledge__ In majors, Federer has won a record eight Wimbledon titles, a joint record six Australian Open titles, a record five consecutive US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) has ranked her world No.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ 1 in singles on eight separate occasions over the last 15 years from 2002 to 2017.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ She became the world No.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ 1 for the first time on July 8, 2002.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ On her sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf for the most consecutive weeks as world No.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ 1 by a female tennis player.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ In total, she has been world No.", "Serena Williams __knowledge__ 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks third in the Open Era among female players behind Graf and Martina Navratilova.", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ Pete Sampras ( ; born August 12, 1971) is an American retired tennis player widely regarded as one of the greatest in the history of the sport.", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ He was a right-handed player with a single-handed backhand and a precise and powerful serve that earned him the nickname \"Pistol Pete\".", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ His professional career began in 1988 and ended at the 2002 US Open, which he won, defeating rival Andre Agassi in the final.", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ Sampras was the first man to win 14 Grand Slam singles titles (seven Wimbledon, five US Open, two Australian Open).", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ Overall, he won 64 singles titles including seven year-end championships.", "Pete Sampras __knowledge__ He first reached world No.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ The Djokovic–Federer rivalry is a tennis rivalry between two professional tennis players, Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ They have faced each other 45 times with Djokovic leading 23–22.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ This includes a record 15 Grand Slam matches, four of which were finals, plus a record ten semifinals.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Both players have beaten the other in each of the four Grand Slam tournaments.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ Federer dominated during their early slam matches, but Djokovic now has a 9–6 lead in Grand Slam matches, including eight wins in the last ten meetings.", "Djokovic–Federer rivalry __knowledge__ A notable aspect of the rivalry is their ability to beat each other on any given day, including Grand Slam play, making it one of the most competitive and evenly matched rivalries in the Open Era." ] ]	[ 5, 67, 20, 71 ]	[ "I haven't played it but I do enjoy watching it. I just saw the French Open Finals. It is played in the Olympics as well.", "The winner was Nadal. Also known as \"The King of Clay\" he is regarded as the best clay player in history.", "Yes, he has now won 11 French Open titles, surpassing all other players at the venue. He has also won three US Open titles and two Wimbledon titles.", "Indeed, he is in the company of the all-time best players such as Pete Sampras who won 64 singles titles in his career." ]	[ "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis" ]
[ "Podcast", "I like listening to podcasts on my way to school in my car. I listen to Andrew Clayvin, he can be quite insightful!", "Yeah, cool! I think the platform is so engaging and I love the personal nature of the shows!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Podcast __knowledge__ A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download and listen to.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is often available for subscription, so that new episodes are automatically downloaded via web syndication to the user's own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is distinct from Internet radio, which involves streaming rather than downloading.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The word originated as a portmanteau of \"iPod\" (a brand of media player) and \"broadcast\".", "Podcast __knowledge__ The files distributed are in audio format, but may sometimes include other file formats such as PDF or EPUB.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Videos which are shared following a podcast model are called video podcasts or vodcasts.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The distributor of a podcast maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that can be accessed through the Internet.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcatcher, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series.", "Podcast __knowledge__ This process can be automated to download new files automatically, which may seem to users as though new episodes are broadcast or \"pushed\" to them.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Files are stored locally on the user's device, ready for offline use." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Podcast __knowledge__ A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download and listen to.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is often available for subscription, so that new episodes are automatically downloaded via web syndication to the user's own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is distinct from Internet radio, which involves streaming rather than downloading.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The word originated as a portmanteau of \"iPod\" (a brand of media player) and \"broadcast\".", "Podcast __knowledge__ The files distributed are in audio format, but may sometimes include other file formats such as PDF or EPUB.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Videos which are shared following a podcast model are called video podcasts or vodcasts.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The distributor of a podcast maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that can be accessed through the Internet.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcatcher, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series.", "Podcast __knowledge__ This process can be automated to download new files automatically, which may seem to users as though new episodes are broadcast or \"pushed\" to them.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Files are stored locally on the user's device, ready for offline use.", "Penang National Park __knowledge__ The Penang National Park (Malay: Taman Negara Pulau Pinang; Tamil: பினாங்கு தேசியப் பூங்காக்கள்,Piṉāṅku tēciyap pūṅkākkaḷ; Chinese: 槟城国家公园,bīng chéng guó jiā gōng yuán) spans 1,213ha of land and sea and is used by scientists, researchers, and nature lovers to explore its natural treasures.", "Penang National Park __knowledge__ Previously known as the Pantai Acheh Forest Reserve, this pristine site is known to harbour 417 flora and 143 fauna species.", "Penang National Park __knowledge__ Pantai Acheh Forest Reserve, located at the northwestern tip of Penang Island, was declared the Penang National Park in April 2003.", "Penang National Park __knowledge__ Penang National Park is the first protected area legally gazetted under Malaysia's National Park Act of 1980, signifying the State and Federal governments' environmental protection efforts.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting, first known as \"audioblogging\", has its roots dating back to the 1980s.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ With the advent of broadband internet and portable digital audio playback devices such as the iPod, podcasting began to catch hold in late 2004.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Today there are more than 115,000 English-language podcasts available on the internet, and dozens of websites available for distribution at little or no cost to the producer or listener.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ According to one survey in 2017, 42 million Americans above the age of twelve listen to podcasts at least on a weekly basis.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Before the advent of the World Wide Web, in the 1980s, RCS (Radio Computing Services), provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ The Manager Tools Podcast, founded in 2005, is a weekly audio podcast by Michael Auzenne and Mark Horstman, which focuses on career advice and helping managers become more effective.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ It was awarded People's Choice Podcast from Podcast Awards in 2008, and won the Best Business Podcast award in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2012.In 2016, was awarded as the Legacy show in Business The podcast hosts, Mark Horstman and Mike Auzenne, are both graduates of West Point, the United States Military Academy, which is where they met.", "Manager Tools Podcast __knowledge__ Michael Auzenne spent nearly two decades in Corporate America as a manager and executive.", "Angela Catterns __knowledge__ Angela Catterns, , is an Australian media personality and broadcaster.", "Angela Catterns __knowledge__ Mostly known for her work on Australian radio, currently presenting 2UE Afternoons, she has presented Mornings on Triple J, the National Evening Show on ABC Local Radio, and Breakfast on 702 ABC Sydney.", "Angela Catterns __knowledge__ She freelances as a voice-over artist and MC for corporate events and charity fundraisers, and regularly teams up with Australian humourist and broadcaster Wendy Harmer to present a holiday season version of the Breakfast Show on 702 ABC Sydney.", "Angela Catterns __knowledge__ During her time at 702 Sydney first presenting 'Breakfast', Catterns temporarily displaced prominent Australian radio broadcaster Alan Jones in 2004 to achieve number one in the listener survey ratings.", "Spotify __knowledge__ Spotify is a music, podcast, and video streaming service that was officially launched on 7 October 2008.", "Spotify __knowledge__ It is developed by startup Spotify AB in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Spotify __knowledge__ It provides DRM–protected content from record labels and media companies.", "Spotify __knowledge__ Spotify is a freemium service; basic features are free with advertisements or limitations, while additional features, such as improved streaming quality and music downloads, are offered via paid subscriptions.", "Spotify __knowledge__ Spotify is available in most of Europe, most of the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Asia.", "Spotify __knowledge__ It is available for most modern devices, including Windows, macOS, and Linux computers, as well as iOS, Windows Phone and Android smartphones and tablets.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ \"\"Harry Potter\" fandom\" refers to the community of fans of the \"Harry Potter\" books and movies who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socializing on \"Harry Potter\"-based forums, and more.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.", "Harry Potter fandom __knowledge__ By the fourth \"Harry Potter\" book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting refers to the creation and regular distribution of podcasts through the Internet.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasts, which can include audio, video, PDF, and ePub files, can be subscribed to and downloaded through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile device.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Subscribers are then able to view, listen to, and transfer the episodes to a variety of media players.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ K-12 schools have also begun adopting podcasting as an instructional tool.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasts are used for many educational purposes and there are several advocates of podcasting who believe that it can offer unique educational benefits to learners.", "1UP.com __knowledge__ 1UP.com was an American entertainment website that focused on video games.", "1UP.com __knowledge__ Launched in 2003, \"1UP.com\" provided its own original features, news stories, game reviews, and video interviews, and also featured comprehensive PC-focused content (an extension of the previously published \"Games for Windows: The Official Magazine\").", "1UP.com __knowledge__ Like a print magazine, \"1UP.com\" also hosted special week-long \"online cover stories\" (examples include \"Soulcalibur III\", \"\", and \"Virtua Fighter 5\") that presented each day a new in-depth feature story, interview with the developers, game screenshot gallery, game video footage, and/or video of the game studio and creators.", "Listen (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Listen\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé.", "Listen (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Beyoncé, Henry Krieger, Scott Cutler, and Anne Preven, and produced by The Underdogs, Matt Sullivan and Randy Spendlove for the 2006 musical film \"Dreamgirls\", in which Beyoncé's character Deena Jones sings the song in an expression of independence from her controlling husband.", "Listen (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Columbia Records released \"Listen\" as the lead single from the \"\" soundtrack album on December 5, 2006.", "Listen (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It additionally appeared as a hidden track on international editions, and on the deluxe edition of Beyoncé's second solo studio album, \"B'Day\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Podcast __knowledge__ A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download and listen to.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is often available for subscription, so that new episodes are automatically downloaded via web syndication to the user's own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player.", "Podcast __knowledge__ It is distinct from Internet radio, which involves streaming rather than downloading.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The word originated as a portmanteau of \"iPod\" (a brand of media player) and \"broadcast\".", "Podcast __knowledge__ The files distributed are in audio format, but may sometimes include other file formats such as PDF or EPUB.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Videos which are shared following a podcast model are called video podcasts or vodcasts.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The distributor of a podcast maintains a central list of the files on a server as a web feed that can be accessed through the Internet.", "Podcast __knowledge__ The listener or viewer uses special client application software on a computer or media player, known as a podcatcher, which accesses this web feed, checks it for updates, and downloads any new files in the series.", "Podcast __knowledge__ This process can be automated to download new files automatically, which may seem to users as though new episodes are broadcast or \"pushed\" to them.", "Podcast __knowledge__ Files are stored locally on the user's device, ready for offline use.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records.", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ In 1994, he released his self-titled debut album, \"Usher\".", "Usher (musician) __knowledge__ He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album \"My Way\" (1997), which spawned his first U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", amongst top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\".", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Kevin Edward Mitchell, also known by the stage name of Bob Evans (born 1 October 1977), is an Australian singer-songwriter; Mitchell uses the moniker for his primary solo project.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ He is also the founding lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Jebediah, which was formed in 1994 and features his older brother Brett Mitchell, who joined on drums before the group's first performance.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Jebediah released five studio albums between 1997 and 2011, the first three of which entered the top ten on the ARIA Albums Chart.", "Kevin Mitchell (musician) __knowledge__ Mitchell commenced performing as a folk pop artist under the name \"Bob Evans\" in 1999 to showcase \"quieter\" songs that were influenced by music that was different from the primary sound of Jebediah, and he deliberately chose a stage name that would distinguish him from his band.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam PC (30 May 1748 – 8 February 1833), styled Viscount Milton until 1756, was a British Whig statesman of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ In 1782 he inherited the estates of his uncle Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, making him one of the richest people in Britain.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ He played a leading part in Whig politics until the 1820s.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Fitzwilliam was the son of William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, by his wife Lady Anne, daughter of Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Prime Minister Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham was his maternal uncle.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting, first known as \"audioblogging\", has its roots dating back to the 1980s.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ With the advent of broadband internet and portable digital audio playback devices such as the iPod, podcasting began to catch hold in late 2004.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Today there are more than 115,000 English-language podcasts available on the internet, and dozens of websites available for distribution at little or no cost to the producer or listener.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ According to one survey in 2017, 42 million Americans above the age of twelve listen to podcasts at least on a weekly basis.", "History of podcasting __knowledge__ Before the advent of the World Wide Web, in the 1980s, RCS (Radio Computing Services), provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasting refers to the creation and regular distribution of podcasts through the Internet.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasts, which can include audio, video, PDF, and ePub files, can be subscribed to and downloaded through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile device.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Subscribers are then able to view, listen to, and transfer the episodes to a variety of media players.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ K-12 schools have also begun adopting podcasting as an instructional tool.", "Uses of podcasting __knowledge__ Podcasts are used for many educational purposes and there are several advocates of podcasting who believe that it can offer unique educational benefits to learners.", "Evo Terra __knowledge__ Evo Terra (born June 10, 1968) is the pseudonym for Travis Unwin, an American podcaster, author, radio broadcaster, and businessman currently based in Bangkok, Thailand after being run out of Phoenix, Arizona for being the largest: 1) a great user of trust and humanity, and 2) early-sundowning human to walk into any office environment.", "Evo Terra __knowledge__ Terra is known as the author of \"Podcasting For Dummies\", originator of \"The Beer Diet\", a travel blogger, and an early pioneer in podcasting.", "Evo Terra __knowledge__ Evo Terra began his audio content career as a member of the team that produced and presented an internet-based radio show in 2002.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Running Man Brothers is a South Korean pop duo, which is named after the South Korean television show \"Running Man\".", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ The group is composed of cast members Kim Jong-kook and Haha and was formed in 2014.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Kim and Haha are regular cast members on the variety show \"Running Man\", which started airing in 2010, and they have been called it's favorite \"duo.\"", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Although Yoo Jae-suk is the star of the show, Kim and Haha have been written of as the \"spice\" of the show, with references to Kim's \"boyish likeability, upbeat personality and masculinity\" and Haha for \"his insatiable sense of humor and free spirit,\" and together are called \"the musical duo.\"", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ Serial is an investigative journalism podcast hosted by Sarah Koenig, narrating a nonfiction story over multiple episodes.", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ The series was co-created and is co-produced by Koenig and Julie Snyder and developed by \"This American Life\".", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ Episodes vary in length.", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ New episodes were originally available weekly, but partway through the second season the schedule was revised to every other week.", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ \"Serial\" ranked number one on iTunes even before its debut and remained there for several weeks.", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ \"Serial\" won a Peabody Award in April 2015 for its innovative telling of a long-form nonfiction story.", "Serial (podcast) __knowledge__ The last episode of season two of \"Serial\" was released March 31, 2016." ] ]	[ 0, 15, 55 ]	[ "Occassionally I listen to podcasts on my way to work. Do you listen to any?", "Haha neat! Podcasting has been around since the 1980s so there are lots to choose from. ", "It is engaging, and podcasts can be used for all sorts of purposes including educational and political" ]	[ "Podcast", "Podcast", "Podcast" ]
[ "Honda Civic\nHi I like Honda civic car.", "Its more comfortable and budget car", "yes and sports car also nice. and good seating condition", "I dont know about that. The Civic currently falls between the honda fit and accord" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Type R is the highest performance version of the Honda Civic made by Honda Motor Company of Japan.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ It features a lightened and stiffened body, specially tuned engine and upgraded brakes and chassis.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ Red is also used in the badge interior to give it a special sporting distinction and to separate it from other Honda models.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ In Japan, there is a one-make series of Honda Type R cars where a privateer can purchase an off-road Type R and compete in a series championship, which is a stepping stone for many aspiring racing drivers.", "Honda Civic Type R __knowledge__ The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th-generation fan-base 'EK' Civic.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Honda Civic was launched in the North American market in April 2011, Europe in February 2012, and Asia in early 2012.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ In May 2010, the ninth-generation Civic was said to be delayed into 2011 because of changing market conditions and tougher fuel economy and emissions regulations.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The Civic was originally planned to become bigger, but after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and the global credit crisis in 2008, Honda wanted to make the car smaller, lighter and more fuel-efficient, while increasing space inside.", "Honda Civic (ninth generation) __knowledge__ On December 13, 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\"", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Honda Civic Hybrid was a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and discontinued it in 2015.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ In the United States, it was the first hybrid automobile to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to that of the Honda Insight.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic Hybrid was only marketed in sedan configurations.", "Honda Civic Hybrid __knowledge__ The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ Bruce Carson is a former aide and senior advisor On July 27, 2012, Carson was charged with influence peddling by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ He was scheduled to attend a closed-door, judicial pre-trial October 17, 2012, and then make an appearance in remand court on October 22.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ However, due to a health problem, the trial was delayed.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ His trial is now scheduled to begin on May 26, 2014.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ In May 2014, Carson was further charged with three counts of prohibited lobbying and a single count of influence peddling.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ He was due in court to face these charges on June 18, 2014 in Ottawa.", "Bruce Carson __knowledge__ In November, 2016, an Ontario court found him guilty of the lobbying charges and imposed a $50,000 fine.", "Avis Budget Group __knowledge__ Avis Budget Group, Inc. is the American parent company of Avis Car Rental, Budget Car Rental, Budget Truck Rental, Payless Car Rental, Apex Car Rentals, Maggiore Group and Zipcar.", "Avis Budget Group __knowledge__ The company's headquarters are located in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States.", "Avis Budget Group __knowledge__ As of 2011, Avis Budget is the leading general-use vehicle rental company in North America, Australia and New Zealand.", "Avis Budget Group __knowledge__ Following the decision to dissolve the Cendant company name and split into four separate companies, the vehicle rental division of Cendant became Avis Budget Group in 2006.", "Avis Budget Group __knowledge__ At the end of 2008, Avis Budget became the first vehicle rental company to begin deployment RFID transponders in their fleet using a product from TransCore which includes an active RFID tag that can work with nearly all electronic toll collections systems in the United States, including E-ZPass in the Northeast, TxTag (Texas) and SunPass (Florida).", "Dacia Duster __knowledge__ The Dacia Duster is a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced jointly by the French manufacturer Renault and its Romanian subsidiary Dacia since 2010.", "Dacia Duster __knowledge__ It is also marketed as the Renault Duster in certain markets, such as India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mexico, Egypt, South Africa, Ukraine, the UAE and in South America.", "Dacia Duster __knowledge__ It is also rebadged as the Nissan Terrano in Russia and India.", "Dacia Duster __knowledge__ It was officially launched at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show and is the third model based on the Logan platform, after the Sandero.", "Dacia Duster __knowledge__ In 2014, 40% of the Duster units sold worldwide were badged as Dacia and 60% (70% in 2013) as Renault.", "Luis de Jesús Rodríguez __knowledge__ Luis de Jesus Rodriguez Gutierrez (born July 8, 1963) is a Dominican attorney, businessman, and entrepreneur.", "Luis de Jesús Rodríguez __knowledge__ Rodriguez has served as director of the Domino's Pizza franchise in the Dominican Republic and Haiti since 1993, as well as director of car rental company Avis Budget Group since 1997.", "Luis de Jesús Rodríguez __knowledge__ He currently serves on the Board of Directors of Universal AFI and as Managing Director of Investment Fund Casa de Santo Domingo.", "Luis de Jesús Rodríguez __knowledge__ Luis de Jesus Gutierrez Rodriguez was born on July 8, 1963 in Constanza, a village in the La Vega Province within the central region of the Dominican Republic.", "Luis de Jesús Rodríguez __knowledge__ He is the son of a Spanish immigrant and a Dominican woman.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "Tan Chong Motor __knowledge__ Tan Chong Motor Holdings Berhad (), also known as the TCMH Group or simply Tan Chong Motor (TCM) is a Malaysia-based multinational corporation that is active in automobile assembly, manufacturing, distribution and sales, but is best known as the franchise holder of Nissan vehicles in Malaysia.", "Tan Chong Motor __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1957 by two Malaysian entrepreneurs, Tan Yuet Foh and Tan Kim Hor, with ambitions of importing and selling Datsun cars from Japan.", "Tan Chong Motor __knowledge__ Tan Chong Motor Holdings Berhad was incorporated on 14 October 1972, and in 1974, the company was listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange.", "Tan Chong Motor __knowledge__ Tan Chong Motor Assemblies Sdn.", "Geo Storm __knowledge__ The Geo Storm was a sport compact car manufactured by Isuzu and was sold in the United States by Geo from 1990 through 1993.", "Geo Storm __knowledge__ The same vehicles, with minor variations, were sold in Canada in the 1992 and 1993 model years only.", "Geo Storm __knowledge__ The Storm was intended to be a budget car with the look and feel of a sports car.", "Geo Storm __knowledge__ It can be considered to have replaced the related Geo Spectrum, which was sold in hatchback and sedan, although it was only sold in two-door hatchback and station wagon forms.", "Geo Storm __knowledge__ The Geo Storm was a rebadged version of the sporty, second generation Isuzu Impulse minus some of that car's more expensive features.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Sports car __knowledge__ A sports car, or sportscar, is a small, usually two-seater, two-door automobile designed for spirited performance and nimble handling.", "Sports car __knowledge__ The term \"sports car\" was used in \"The Times\", London in 1919.", "Sports car __knowledge__ According to USA's Merriam-Webster dictionary, USA's first known use of the term was in 1928.", "Sports car __knowledge__ Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s.", "Sports car __knowledge__ Sports cars may be spartan or luxurious, but high maneuverability and light weight are requisite.", "Sports car __knowledge__ Sports cars are usually aerodynamically shaped (since the 1950s), and have a low center of gravity compared to standard models.", "Sports car __knowledge__ Steering and suspension are typically designed for precise control at high speeds.", "Mazda MX-5 __knowledge__ The Mazda MX-5, released as the Mazda MX-5 Miata in North America and as the Eunos Roadster or Mazda Roadster in Japan, is a lightweight two-seater roadster with a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout.", "Mazda MX-5 __knowledge__ Manufactured by Mazda in Hiroshima, Japan, the model debuted in 1989 at the Chicago Auto Show.", "Mazda MX-5 __knowledge__ The MX-5 was conceived as a small roadster – with light weight and minimal mechanical complexity limited only by legal and safety requirements, while being technologically modern and reliable.", "Mazda MX-5 __knowledge__ The MX-5 is conceptually the evolution and spiritual successor of the British sports cars of the 1950s & '60s, such as the Triumph Spitfire, Austin-Healey 100, MG MGA, and particularly the Lotus Elan.", "AMC AMX __knowledge__ The AMC AMX is a two-seat GT-style sports car that was produced by American Motors Corporation for the 1968 through 1970 model years.", "AMC AMX __knowledge__ The AMX was also classified as a muscle car, but \"unique among other American cars at the time due its short wheelbase\".", "AMC AMX __knowledge__ The AMX was also the only American-built steel-bodied two-seater of its time, the first since the 1955-1957 Ford Thunderbird.", "AMC AMX __knowledge__ To a degree, the AMX was a competitor with America's only other two-seater of the era, the Chevrolet Corvette for substantially less money.", "AMC AMX __knowledge__ With a one-inch (2.5 cm) shorter wheelbase than Chevrolet's two-seater, the AMX was often seen by the press as a \"Corvette competitor\" Fitted with the optional high-compression medium block AMC V8 engine, the AMX offered top-notch performance at an affordable price.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ Sports car racing is a form of circuit auto racing with sports cars that have two seats and enclosed wheels.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ They may be purpose-built (Prototype) or related to road-going models (Grand Touring).", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ A type of hybrid between the purism of open-wheelers and the familiarity of touring car racing, this style is often associated with the annual Le Mans 24 Hours endurance race.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ First run in 1923, Le Mans is one of the oldest motor races still in existence.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ Other classic but now defunct sports car races include the Italian classics, the Targa Florio (1906–1977) and Mille Miglia (1927–1957), and the Mexican Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954).", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ The Daytona 100 was a USAC Championship Car race held at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida on Saturday April 4, 1959.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ It was the first and only Indy car race held on the high banks of Daytona, and saw incredible speeds turned in by the front-engined \"roadsters.\"", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ The race was part of a triple-header weekend featuring races for the USAC Championship Cars, Formula Libre, and a USAC-FIA sports car endurance race.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ Both the Champ Car and Formula Libre races were won by Jim Rathmann.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ However, the weekend was marred by the tragic death of George Amick, who was killed in a crash on the final lap of the Champ Car race.", "Dodge Viper __knowledge__ The Dodge Viper is a super car manufactured by Dodge (SRT for 2013 and 2014), a division of FCA US LLC from 1992 through 2017 having taken a brief hiatus from 2010-2013.", "Dodge Viper __knowledge__ Production of the two-seat sports car began at New Mack Assembly in 1988 and moved to Conner Avenue Assembly in October 1995.", "Dodge Viper __knowledge__ Although Chrysler considered ending production because of serious financial problems, on September 14, 2010, chief executive Sergio Marchionne announced and showed a new model of the Viper for 2012.", "Dodge Viper __knowledge__ In 2014, the Viper was named number 10 on the \"Most American Cars\" list, meaning 75% or more of its parts are manufactured in the U.S.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Close to the Edge is the fifth studio album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released on 13 September 1972 by Atlantic Records.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Following a tour in support of their previous album, \"Fragile\", Yes returned to Advision Studios in London to record their next album.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Produced by the band and audio engineer Eddy Offord, the album consists of three tracks: \"Close to the Edge\" on side one; \"And You and I\" and \"Siberian Khatru\" on side two.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ When recording for the album finished, drummer Bill Bruford, frustrated by the band's style and laborious recording in the studio, left to join King Crimson.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Alan White (Yes drummer) __knowledge__ Alan White (born 14 June 1949) is an English drummer and songwriter best known for his tenure in the progressive rock band Yes, which he joined in 1972.", "Alan White (Yes drummer) __knowledge__ Born and raised in County Durham, White took up piano and drum lessons as a youngster.", "Alan White (Yes drummer) __knowledge__ In 1969, he joined the Plastic Ono Band after John Lennon invited him to play at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival.", "Alan White (Yes drummer) __knowledge__ White went on to play on other recordings from artists such as George Harrison, Ginger Baker's Air Force, and Terry Reid, including \"Imagine\" by Lennon.", "Alan White (Yes drummer) __knowledge__ White joined Yes in July 1972 as a replacement for their original drummer, Bill Bruford.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon Louis James (born February 18, 1982), better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper and actor.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is from the Harlem neighborhood in New York City, and is a member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He appeared on Cam'ron's 2002 singles, \"Oh Boy\" and \"Hey Ma\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ In 2003, his debut album \"From Me to U\" was released by Roc-A-Fella Records; his next album \"What the Game's Been Missing!\"", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ contained the top-ten single \"There It Go (The Whistle Song)\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is currently working on his third studio album \"Born to Lose, Built to Win\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon James was born in New York City, to an African-American father & a Dominican mother." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Honda Civic is a line of cars manufactured by Honda.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Originally a subcompact, the Civic has gone through several generational changes, becoming both larger and more upmarket and moving into the compact car segment.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ EPA guidelines for vehicle size class stipulate a car having combined passenger and cargo room of is considered a mid-size car, and as such the tenth generation Civic sedan is technically a small-end mid-size car, although it still competes in the compact class.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic coupe is still considered a compact car.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic currently falls between the Honda Fit and Accord.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The first Civic was introduced in July 1972 as a two-door model, followed by a three-door hatchback that September.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ With an 1169 cc transverse engine and front-wheel drive like the British Mini, the car provided good interior space despite overall small dimensions.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ Initially gaining a reputation for being fuel-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, later iterations have become known for performance and sportiness, especially the Civic Type R, Civic VTi, Civic GTi and Civic SiR/Si.", "Honda Civic __knowledge__ The Civic has been repeatedly rebadged for international markets, and served as the basis for the Honda CR-X, the Honda CR-X del Sol, the Concerto, the first generation Prelude, the Civic Shuttle (later to become the Orthia), and the CR-V.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles.", "Honda Fit __knowledge__ Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The Honda City is a compact car which has been produced by the Japanese manufacturer Honda since 1981.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Originally made for the Japanese, European and Australasian markets, the subcompact City 3-door hatchback was retired in 1994 after the second generation.", "Honda City __knowledge__ The nameplate was revived in 1996 for use on a series of compact four-door sedans aimed primarily at developing markets, first mainly sold in Asia outside Japan but later also in Latin America and Australia.", "Honda City __knowledge__ From 2002 to 2008, the City was also sold as the Honda Fit Aria in Japan.", "Honda City __knowledge__ Since then, it has been a compact sedan built on Honda's Global Small Car platform, which is shared with the Fit/Jazz (a five-door hatchback), the Airwave/Partner (a wagon/panel van version of the Fit Aria/City), the Mobilio, and the Mobilio Spike—all of which share the location of the fuel tank under the front seats rather than rear seats.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger hatchback (2009–2014).", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The Insight was the first production vehicle to feature Honda's Integrated Motor Assist system.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ The first generation Insight is the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability for the length of its production run.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ EPA estimates were 61 City/70 Highway/65 Combined.", "Honda Insight __knowledge__ However, that was under the old EPA standards.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Strauss–Howe generational theory __knowledge__ The Strauss–Howe generational theory, created by authors William Strauss and Neil Howe, describes a theorized recurring generation cycle in American history.", "Strauss–Howe generational theory __knowledge__ Strauss and Howe laid the groundwork for their theory in their 1991 book \"Generations\", which discusses the history of the United States as a series of generational biographies going back to 1584.", "Strauss–Howe generational theory __knowledge__ In their 1997 book \"The Fourth Turning\", the authors expanded the theory to focus on a fourfold cycle of generational types and recurring mood eras in American history.", "Strauss–Howe generational theory __knowledge__ They have since expanded on the concept in a variety of publications.", "Strauss–Howe generational theory __knowledge__ The theory was developed to describe the history of the United States, including the 13 colonies and their British antecedents, and this is where the most detailed research has been done.", "Millennials __knowledge__ Millennials (also known as Generation Y) are the generational demographic cohort following Generation X.", "Millennials __knowledge__ There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends; demographers and researchers typically use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years.", "Millennials __knowledge__ Millennials are sometimes referred to as \"echo boomers\" due to a major surge in birth rates in the 1980s and 1990s, and because millennials are often the children of the baby boomers.", "Millennials __knowledge__ The 20th-century trend toward smaller families in developed countries continued, however, so the relative impact of the \"baby boom echo\" was generally less pronounced than the post–World War II baby boom.", "History of Armenians in Cyprus __knowledge__ Armenians have a long history in Cyprus, with the first confirmed presence of Armenians on the island dating back to 578 AD, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justin II.", "History of Armenians in Cyprus __knowledge__ In the modern Republic of Cyprus, they are recognized as one of the three minority \"religious groups\" along with the Maronites and Latins.", "History of Armenians in Cyprus __knowledge__ There is a long link between the Armenians and Cyprus, possibly dating back to the 5th century BC.", "History of Armenians in Cyprus __knowledge__ However, Armenians have had a continuous documented presence in Cyprus since 578 AD: according to historian Theophylact Simocatta, during his campaign against the Persian King Chosroes I, Byzantine General (and future Emperor) Maurice the Cappadocian captured 10,090 Armenians as prisoners in Arzanene (Aghdznik), of whom about 3,350 were deported to Cyprus.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ Financial Gerontology is a multidisciplinary field of study encompassing both academic and professional education, that integrates research on aging and human development with the concerns of finance and business.", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ Following from its roots in social gerontology, Financial Gerontology is not simply the study of \"old people\" but emphasizes the multiple processes of aging.", "Financial gerontology __knowledge__ In particular, research and teaching in financial gerontology draws upon \"four kinds of aging\" or \"'four lenses\" through which aging and finance can be viewed: population aging, individual aging, family aging, and generational aging." ] ]	[ 1, 6, 2, 0 ]	[ "I like it too, it is a line of cars manufactured by Honda", "Oh yes, it was introduced in July 1972", "OK. Do you know that the civic has gone through generational changes", "Oh yes, the civic couple is considered a compact car" ]	[ "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic", "Honda Civic" ]
[ "Dog\nDo you have any pets? I love dogs!", "Yes, my little doggy is like a family member to me! ", "Wow, dogs have been bred into so many different breeds as well.", "That's a lot! Now there are so many popular mixed breeds with popular breeds like the poodle out there." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Production started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame.", "Must Love Dogs __knowledge__ \"Must Love Dogs\" took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide.", "Pet __knowledge__ A pet or companion animal is an animal kept primarily for a person's company, protection, or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or laboratory animal.", "Pet __knowledge__ Popular pets are often noted for their attractive appearances and their loyal or playful personalities.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets provide their owners (or guardians) both physical and emotional benefits.", "Pet __knowledge__ Walking a dog can supply both the human and pet with exercise, fresh air, and social interaction.", "Pet __knowledge__ Pets can give companionship to elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people, as well as to other people who are living alone.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The Sims 3: Pets is the fifth expansion pack for \"The Sims 3\" on PC and Mac, and is the second console game in the series.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ It was released on October 18, 2011 in North America.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ Like in previous expansions for \"The Sims\" games, this expansion introduces pets such as cats and dogs and, for the first time, horses into the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ On June 3, 2011, EA confirmed the rumors with a press release and a game trailer which was released on their Official YouTube Channel.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ \"The Sims 3: Pets\" expansion pack is focused around adding animals to the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The player creates their pet in a similar fashion to the 'Create A Sim' feature.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ Over the last few decades, pet ownership in Japan has gradually moved from a predominantly utilitarian function to a concept that more fully incorporates pets into the family system.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ In the majority of cases, pets are now considered to be family members.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ To many Japanese, pets are as well loved as children, and may even serve as a substitute for those who choose to forgo child-rearing.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ In the context of spiritual hierarchy, pets occupy the space directly below humans, but above all other animals and forms of life.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ This position is not clearly defined, leaving many aspects of pet ownership open to interpretation, including the practice of keeping and caring for pets, as well as the correct means of caring for them after death." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\".", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow.", "Doggystyle __knowledge__ Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released.", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ The following is a list of diminutives by language.", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ English has a great variety of historic diminutives adopted from other languages but many of these are lexicalized.", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ Productive diminutives are infrequent in Standard English in comparison with many other languages.", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ The most common include shortening a longer name (e.g., \"Pete\" for Peter) or adding the diminutive suffix (\"movie\" for moving picture), variously spelled \"-y\" (\"Sally\" for Sarah), \"-ie\" (\"Maggie\" for Margaret), and \"-i\" (\"Dani\" for Danielle).", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ In Lowland Scots diminutives are frequently used.", "List of diminutives by language __knowledge__ The most common diminutive suffixes are \"-ie\", \"-ock\", \"-ockie\" (double diminutive) or the Caithness \"–ag\" (the latter from Scottish Gaelic, and perhaps reinforcing the other two before it).", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Doggy style __knowledge__ Doggy style, also spelled doggie style, is a sex position in which a person bends over, crouches on all fours (usually on hands and knees), or lies on their abdomen, for sexual intercourse, other forms of sexual penetration or other sexual activity.", "Doggy style __knowledge__ Doggy style sex is a form of a rear-entry position, others being with the receiving partner lying on the side in the spoons sex position or the reverse cowgirl sex position.", "Doggy style __knowledge__ Non-penetrative sex in this position may also be regarded as doggy style sex.", "Doggy style __knowledge__ Between sex partners, the person in the doggy style position is passive, while the other partner is active.", "Doggy Style (band) __knowledge__ Doggy Style is a punk rock band from Placentia, California, and was part of the North Orange County punk rock scene that included bands from the surrounding cities of Fullerton and Anaheim that formed in 1983.", "Doggy Style (band) __knowledge__ Daddy X's of the Kottonmouth Kings, and co-founder of Suburban Noize Records, was the original vocalist, and creator of the band.", "Doggy Style (band) __knowledge__ Their debut EP \"Work As One\" was released on a 7\" record, on Mystic Records.", "Doggy Style (band) __knowledge__ Doggy Style started with original singer Brad Xavier, Ed \"Shaggy\" Caudill, Ray Jimenez, and Lou Gaez.", "Doggy Style (band) __knowledge__ Their first release was their 1984 EP \"Work as One\", on Mystic Records included the song \"Donut Shop Rock\".", "Pakdam Pakdai __knowledge__ Pakdam Pakdai, also known internationally as Rat-A-Tat, is an Indian animated comedy TV series airing formerly on Nickelodeon India and currently airing in Sonic Nickelodeon.", "Pakdam Pakdai __knowledge__ It is inspired by \"Oggy and the Cockroaches\", a French animated series based on the silent and friendly war between a cat, Oggy, and three cockroaches, which in turn is inspired by \"Tom and Jerry\", an American series based on the silent and friendly war between a Cat, Tom and a Mouse, Jerry.", "Pakdam Pakdai __knowledge__ The show began in May 2013.", "Pakdam Pakdai __knowledge__ Doggy Don (localized only as Don in international broadcasts) is a little pink dog, who is helped by his elder brother Colonel to fight against three mice named Motu (Marly), Chhotu (Charly), and Lambu (Larry).", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health and safety needs without losing pay.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Paid sick leave is a statutory requirement in many nations.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ The Book of Leviticus prescribed (7) days of medical isolation for a skin condition in chapter 13.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.", "Sick leave __knowledge__ In nations without laws mandating paid sick leave, some employers choose to offer it.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ Over the last few decades, pet ownership in Japan has gradually moved from a predominantly utilitarian function to a concept that more fully incorporates pets into the family system.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ In the majority of cases, pets are now considered to be family members.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ To many Japanese, pets are as well loved as children, and may even serve as a substitute for those who choose to forgo child-rearing.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ In the context of spiritual hierarchy, pets occupy the space directly below humans, but above all other animals and forms of life.", "Pet ownership in Japan __knowledge__ This position is not clearly defined, leaving many aspects of pet ownership open to interpretation, including the practice of keeping and caring for pets, as well as the correct means of caring for them after death.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ Xu Weizhou (born 20 October 1994) known internationally as Timmy Xu, is a Chinese actor and singer-songwriter best known for playing the character Bai Luoyin in \"Addicted\", a web series that was banned by SAPPRFT.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ He was the first artist to achieve top spots on both China's V chart and Mandarin chart in Billboard China within the same week.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ In addition, Xu was the first solo artist from mainland China to hold a concert in South Korea and to be officially invited as a guest to Billboard Music Award in 2017.", "Xu Weizhou __knowledge__ Since childhood, Xu has pursued various artistic endeavors including dancing, singing, music composition, and playing instruments, especially the guitar.", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ Hurricane Katrina had many social effects.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ Firstly, many many lives were lost, while much more were disrupted.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ The hurricane left hundreds of thousands without access to their homes or jobs, it has separated people from relatives, and caused both physical and mental distress on those who suffered through the storm and its aftermath.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ Evacuated citizens have spread to 50 states and many major cities, mostly Houston.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ Due to this, many people were separated from their family members, including young children separated from their parents and pets.", "Social effects of Hurricane Katrina __knowledge__ A coordinated effort by the American Red Cross, Microsoft, and the San Diego Supercomputer Center, combined many diverse databases and has been very effective in reconnecting children with their parents.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The Sims 3: Pets is the fifth expansion pack for \"The Sims 3\" on PC and Mac, and is the second console game in the series.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ It was released on October 18, 2011 in North America.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ Like in previous expansions for \"The Sims\" games, this expansion introduces pets such as cats and dogs and, for the first time, horses into the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ On June 3, 2011, EA confirmed the rumors with a press release and a game trailer which was released on their Official YouTube Channel.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ \"The Sims 3: Pets\" expansion pack is focused around adding animals to the game.", "The Sims 3: Pets __knowledge__ The player creates their pet in a similar fashion to the 'Create A Sim' feature." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador Retriever, or just Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A favourite disability assistance breed in many countries, Labradors are frequently trained to aid the blind, those who have autism, to act as a therapy dog, or to perform screening and detection work for law enforcement and other official agencies.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ Additionally, they are prized as sporting and hunting dogs.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ A few kennels breeding their ancestors, the St. John's water dog, were in England.", "Labrador Retriever __knowledge__ At the same time, a combination of the sheep protection policy in Newfoundland and rabies quarantine in the United Kingdom, led to the gradual demise of the St. John's water dog in Canada.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Crossbreed dogs or designer dogs are dogs which have been intentionally bred from two or more recognized dog breeds and not from dogs with no purebred ancestors, but have not been artificially bred to each other enough to breed true and be recognized as a breed in their own right.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Several unofficially recognized crossbreed types date from the 14th century or earlier, such as the lurcher or the longdog.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the term \"designer dog\" to the late 20th century, when breeders began to cross purebred poodles with other purebred breeds in order to obtain a dog with the poodles' hypoallergenic coat, along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a canine.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, as dogs are highly variable in height and weight.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only at the shoulder, in length along the head and body, and weighed only .", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed and was from the snout to the tail.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands at the shoulder.", "Dog anatomy __knowledge__ Source: The following is a list of the muscles in the dog along with their origin, insertion, action and innervation.", "Coat (dog) __knowledge__ The coat of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") refers to the hair that covers its body.", "Coat (dog) __knowledge__ A dog's coat may be a \"double coat\", made up of a soft undercoat and a tougher topcoat, or a \"single coat\", which lacks an undercoat.", "Coat (dog) __knowledge__ Double coats have a top coat, made of stiff hairs to help repel water and shield from dirt, and an undercoat to serve as insulation.", "Coat (dog) __knowledge__ The terms fur and hair are often used interchangeably when describing a dog's coat, however in general, a double coat, \"e.g.", "Coat (dog) __knowledge__ \", like that of the Newfoundland and most mountain dogs, is referred to as a \"fur coat\", while a single coat, like that of the Poodle, is referred to as a \"hair coat\".", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domesticated species different from their wild ancestors.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations.", "Domestication of animals __knowledge__ There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Poodle __knowledge__ The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle.", "Poodle __knowledge__ The origins of the poodles are still discussed with a dispute over whether the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed or from Germany as a type of water dog.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Ranked second most intelligent dog breed just behind the Border Collie, the poodle is skillful in many dog sports and activities, including agility, obedience, tracking to herding, circus performers or assistance dogs.", "Poodle __knowledge__ Poodles have taken top honors in many conformation shows, including \"Best in Show\" at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show in 1991 and 2002, and at the World Dog Show in 2007 and 2010.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Dog breeds are dogs that have relatively uniform physical characteristics developed under controlled conditions by humans, with breeding animals selected for phenotypic traits such as size, coat color, structure, and behavior.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes 337 pure dog breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs may include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.", "Dog breed __knowledge__ In 2017, a study showed that 9,000 years ago the domestic dog was present at what is now Zhokhov Island, arctic north-eastern Siberia, which was connected to the mainland at that time.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ A labradoodle (), also known as a labrapoodle () is a crossbreed dog created by crossing the Labrador Retriever and the Standard, Miniature or Toy Poodle.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The term first appeared in 1955, but was not popularized until 1988, when the mix began to be used as a hypoallergenic guide dog.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Currently, they are not considered a breed by any major fancier and breeder organization.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ Not all labradoodles are hypoallergenic, but it is a quality that many look for and appreciate in this type of crossbreed.", "Labradoodle __knowledge__ The labradoodle became known in 1988, when Australian breeder Wally Conron crossed the Labrador Retriever and Standard Poodle at the Royal Guide Dogs Associations of Australia in Victoria.", "Bichon __knowledge__ Bichon is the name for a type of related non-sporting category dog breeds.", "Bichon __knowledge__ They vary in appearance, but all have tails curled over their back, hair that doesn't readily shed, has a short snout, drop ears, and large, dark eyes.", "Bichon __knowledge__ They were all bred to be amiable companion dogs and have a friendly, alert temperament.", "Bichon __knowledge__ Their life expectancy is 15 years or more.", "Bichon __knowledge__ The Bichon Frise, a type of bichon, is sometimes simply called a Bichon.", "Bichon __knowledge__ The word \"bichon\" comes from Middle French \"bichon\" (\"small long-haired dog\"), a diminutive of Old French \"biche\" (\"bitch, female dog\"), from Old English \"bicce\" (\"bitch, female dog\"), related to Old Norse \"bikkja\" (\"female dog\") and German \"Betze\" (\"female dog\").", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Crossbreed dogs or designer dogs are dogs which have been intentionally bred from two or more recognized dog breeds and not from dogs with no purebred ancestors, but have not been artificially bred to each other enough to breed true and be recognized as a breed in their own right.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ Several unofficially recognized crossbreed types date from the 14th century or earlier, such as the lurcher or the longdog.", "Dog crossbreed __knowledge__ The \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" traces the term \"designer dog\" to the late 20th century, when breeders began to cross purebred poodles with other purebred breeds in order to obtain a dog with the poodles' hypoallergenic coat, along with various desirable characteristics from other breeds.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ A purebred dog typically refers to a dog of a modern dog breed with a documented pedigree in a stud book and may be registered with a breed club that may also be part of a national kennel club.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ \"Purebred dog\" may also be used in a different manner to refer to dogs of specific dog types and landraces that are not modern breeds.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ An example is cited by biologist Raymond Coppinger, of an Italian shepherd who keeps only the white puppies from his sheep guardian dog's litters, and culls the rest, because he defines the white ones as purebred.", "Purebred dog __knowledge__ Coppinger says, \"The shepherd's definition of pure is not wrong, it is simply different from mine.\"", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ The Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America (MBDCA) is a registry for spayed or neutered mixed-breed dogs to enable them to compete in obedience trials and conformation shows.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ It also provides rules for competition in tracking, lure coursing, and retriever instinct.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ In addition, state affiliates such as the Mixed Breed Dog Club of California provide various local activities.", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ MBDCA was founded in 1978 in the state of Washington to provide a competitive venue for dogs not recognized by purebred registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC).", "Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America __knowledge__ They defined rules under which dogs could compete to earn obedience titles in the same way that most purebred dogs could compete in their purebred clubs.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Pit bull is the common name for a type of dog.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Formal breeds often considered in North America to be of the pit bull type include the American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, American Bully, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ The American Bulldog is also sometimes included.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ Many of these breeds were originally developed as fighting dogs from cross breeding bull-baiting dogs (used to hold the faces and heads of larger animals such as bulls) and terriers.", "Pit bull __knowledge__ After the use of dogs in blood sports was banned, such dogs were used as catch dogs in the United States for semi-wild cattle and hogs, to hunt and drive livestock, and as family companions.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions." ] ]	[ 38, 3, 10, 12 ]	[ "I do, a cat! Over the last few decades in Japan, we've started to adopt pets as more than utilitarian and more into our family system.", "I bet! Dogs were actually the first species to be domesticated, before even cats!", "There's 337 pure dogs breeds. Imagine how many mixed breed combinations there are!", "Poodles are such cuties. They win top honors at all kinds of dog shows, too." ]	[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]
[ "Foster care\nHi, I'm an orphan ", "Yes. Growing up in multiple different foster families was hard", "Some of the families were nice however they were always temporary", "No, I don't know who my parents were." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The State, via the family court and child protection services agency, stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization.", "Foster care __knowledge__ However, in the U.S., formal kinship care is increasingly common.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In 2012, a quarter of all children in formal foster care were placed with relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In Australia foster care was known as \"boarding-out\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ It is said that the system was mostly run by women until the early 20th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Then the control was centered in many state children's departments.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.", "Orphan drug __knowledge__ In the case of the rarest diseases that afflict fewer than 10,000 people, biotech companies who own the only approved drugs to treat those diseases \"can charge pretty much whatever they want\".", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ Spike Freeman is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ He was depicted as the owner of the second team of X-Force and X-Statix, who first appeared in \"X-Force\" vol.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ 1 #117, and was created by Peter Milligan and Mike Allred.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ When U-Go Girl requested to have the Anarchist kicked out of X-Force, the Coach denied her request, stating that the team had a new owner, thirty-four-year-old trillionaire, Spike Freeman.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ After losing X-Force members Bloke and Saint Anna, the Coach visited Spike Freeman, who was taking his anger out on some X-Force merchandise.", "Spike Freeman __knowledge__ Mr. Freeman claimed that he wanted conflict, war, and internecine bloodletting.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The Orphan Train Movement was a supervised welfare program that transported orphaned and homeless children from crowded Eastern cities of the United States to foster homes located largely in rural areas of the Midwest.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The orphan trains operated between 1854 and 1929, relocating about 200,000 orphaned, abandoned, or homeless children.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ Three charitable institutions, Children's Village (founded 1851 by 24 philanthropists), the Children's Aid Society (established 1853 by Charles Loring Brace) and later, the New York Foundling Hospital, endeavored to help these children.", "Orphan Train __knowledge__ The institutions were supported by wealthy donors and operated by professional staff.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The State, via the family court and child protection services agency, stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization.", "Foster care __knowledge__ However, in the U.S., formal kinship care is increasingly common.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In 2012, a quarter of all children in formal foster care were placed with relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In Australia foster care was known as \"boarding-out\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ It is said that the system was mostly run by women until the early 20th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Then the control was centered in many state children's departments.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Utah Foster Care (UFC), formerly \"Utah Foster Care Foundation\" is a non-profit organization that provides foster families for the State of Utah.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Since their founding, UFC has played a role in caring for young children who have been subjected to abuse, neglect, and other hardships by their caretakers.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ As of 2013, at any given time in Utah, there are about 2,700 children experiencing crisis in the home who are in need of foster care.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Nearly half of all cases involve substance abuse by biological parents.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Given the difficult circumstances and special needs of these children, UFC's goal is to find and prepare foster parents to meet those needs.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these, no named godparent, or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of providing for their care, housing and education.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is a more accurate term, since the word orphan has a different definition in international adoption.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ S.K.H.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ St. Christopher's Home () is a child-focused Christian social service organisation in Hong Kong founded by Bishop R.O.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ Hall in 1953.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ It is the largest non-governmental organisation in Hong Kong providing small group home service for children who cannot receive adequate family care.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ The mission of St. Christopher's Home is to create and sustain a healthy environment for children and youths to grow, to develop potentials and to live a life of fullness.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ Sheng Kung Hui St. Christopher's Home was founded in 1935 by the late Bishop R.O.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ Hall in Taipo.", "S.K.H. St. Christopher's Home __knowledge__ It is named after a saint, Christopher, the \"bearer of Christ\", who carried the Christchild across the dangerous river.", "United States Children's Bureau __knowledge__ The United States Children's Bureau is a federal agency organized under the United States Department of Health and Human Services' Administration for Children and Families.", "United States Children's Bureau __knowledge__ Today, the bureau's operations involve improving child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption.", "United States Children's Bureau __knowledge__ Historically, its work was much broader, as shown by the 1912 act which created and funded it: During the height of its influence, the Bureau was directed, managed, and staffed almost entirely by women—a rarity for any federal agency in the early 20th century.", "United States Children's Bureau __knowledge__ It was most influential in bringing the methods of social research and the ideas of maternalist reformers to bear on federal government policy.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship care is the raising of children by grandparents, other extended family members, and adults with whom they have a close family-like relationship such as godparents and close family friends because biological parents are unable to do so for whatever reason.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Legal custody of a child may or may not be involved, and the child may be related by blood, marriage, or adoption.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ This arrangement is also known as \"kincare\" or \"relative care.\"", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship placement may reduce the number of home placements children experience; allow children to maintain connections to communities, schools, and family members; and increase the likelihood of eventual reunification with birth parents.", "Indian Placement Program __knowledge__ The Indian Placement Program, or Indian Student Placement Program (ISPP), also called the Lamanite Placement Program, was operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in the United States, officially operating from 1954 and virtually closed by 1996.", "Indian Placement Program __knowledge__ It had its peak during the 1960s and 1970s.", "Indian Placement Program __knowledge__ Native American students who were baptized members of the LDS Church were placed in foster homes of LDS members during the school year.", "Indian Placement Program __knowledge__ They attended majority-white public schools, rather than the Indian boarding schools or local schools on the reservations.", "Indian Placement Program __knowledge__ The program was developed according to LDS theology, whereby conversion and assimilation to Mormonism could \"lighten\" Native Americans, who had been classified as Lamanites in terms of theology in the Book of Mormon.", "The Norwegian Child Welfare Services __knowledge__ The Norwegian Child Welfare Services (, literally \"child protection\") are the public agencies responsible for child welfare in Norway.", "The Norwegian Child Welfare Services __knowledge__ They consist of services in each municipality, which are aided and supervised by different governmental bodies at the state as well as the county level.", "The Norwegian Child Welfare Services __knowledge__ The Child Welfare Services’ statutory obligation is \"to ensure that children and youth who live in conditions that may be detrimental to their health and development receive the necessary assistance and care at the right time.\"", "The Norwegian Child Welfare Services __knowledge__ Roughly 3% of all children in Norway receive some sort of measure from the Child Welfare Services, most of them in the form of relief measures to the child and its parents (such as counselling, advice, external support contacts, access to day care etc.).", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ Foster care is the term used for a system in which a minor who has been made a ward is placed in an institution, group home, or private home of a state certified caregiver referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The placement of the child is usually arranged through the government or a social-service agency.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is provided compensation for expenses.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The state via the family court and child protection agency stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of said minor.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The foster parent is remunerated by the state for their services.", "Group home __knowledge__ A group home is a private residence model of medical care for those with complex health needs.", "Group home __knowledge__ Traditionally, the model has been used for children or young people who cannot live with their families, people with chronic disabilities who may be adults or seniors, or people with dementia and related aged illnesses.", "Group home __knowledge__ Typically, there are no more than six residents, and there is at least one trained caregiver there 24 hours a day.", "Group home __knowledge__ In some early \"model programs\", a house manager, night manager, weekend activity coordinator, and 4 part-time skill teachers were reported.", "Group home __knowledge__ Originally, the term group home referred to homes of 8 to 16 individuals, which was a state-mandated size during deinstitutionalization.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ However, \"attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ It addresses only a specific facet\": how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Essentially all infants become attached if provided any caregiver, but there are individual differences in the quality of the relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support.", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is described in clinical literature as a severe and relatively uncommon disorder that can affect children.", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ RAD is characterized by markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate ways of relating socially in most contexts.", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ It can take the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way—known as the \"inhibited form\".", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ Due to recent revision in the DSM-5 the \"disinhibited form\" is now considered a separate diagnosis named \"disinhibited attachment disorder\".", "Reactive attachment disorder __knowledge__ RAD arises from a failure to form normal attachments to primary caregivers in early childhood.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ A caregiver or carer is an unpaid or paid member of a person's social network who helps them with activities of daily living.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ Caregiving is most commonly used to address impairments related to old age, disability, a disease, or a mental disorder.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ Typical duties of a caregiver might include taking care of someone who has a chronic illness or disease; managing medications or talking to doctors and nurses on someone's behalf; helping to bathe or dress someone who is frail or disabled; or taking care of household chores, meals, or bills for someone who cannot do these things alone.", "Caregiver __knowledge__ With an increasingly aging population in all developed societies, the role of caregiver has been increasingly recognized as an important one, both functionally and economically.", "Caregiver stress __knowledge__ Caregiver syndrome or caregiver stress is a condition of exhaustion, anger, rage, or guilt that results from unrelieved caring for a chronically ill dependent.", "Caregiver stress __knowledge__ The term is often used by healthcare professionals, but it is not listed in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\".", "Caregiver stress __knowledge__ Almost 66 million Americans are providing care to those who are ill, aged, and/or disabled for an average of 39.2 hours per week.", "Caregiver stress __knowledge__ Over 13 million caregivers are also caring for their own children as well.", "Caregiver stress __knowledge__ Caregiver syndrome is acute when caring for an individual with behavioral difficulties, such as: fecal incontinence, memory issues, sleep problems, wandering, and aggression." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The State, via the family court and child protection services agency, stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization.", "Foster care __knowledge__ However, in the U.S., formal kinship care is increasingly common.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In 2012, a quarter of all children in formal foster care were placed with relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In Australia foster care was known as \"boarding-out\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ It is said that the system was mostly run by women until the early 20th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Then the control was centered in many state children's departments.", "Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 __knowledge__ A parliamentary election was held in Iraq on 7 March 2010.", "Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 __knowledge__ The election decided the 325 members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq who would elect the Iraqi Prime Minister and President.", "Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 __knowledge__ The election resulted in a partial victory for the Iraqi National Movement, led by former Interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi, which won a total of 91 seats, making it the largest alliance in the Council.", "Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 __knowledge__ The State of Law Coalition, led by incumbent Prime Minister Nouri Al-Maliki, was the second largest grouping with 89 seats.", "Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 __knowledge__ Prior to the election, the Supreme Court in Iraq ruled that the existing electoral law/rule was unconstitutional, and a new elections law made changes in the electoral system.", "Jalil Andrabi murder case __knowledge__ Jalil Andrabi, was a prominent Kashmiri human rights lawyer and pro independence political activist associated with the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF).", "Jalil Andrabi murder case __knowledge__ Andrabi was allegedly subjected to extrajudicial execution by Indian paramilitary troopers and renegades in March 1996.", "Jalil Andrabi murder case __knowledge__ On March 8, 1996, Andrabi was detained in Srinagar by Major Avtar Singh, of the 35th Rashtriya Rifles unit of the Indian army.", "Jalil Andrabi murder case __knowledge__ Three weeks later, Andrabi's body was found floating in the Jhelum River; an autopsy showed that he had been killed days after his arrest.", "Jalil Andrabi murder case __knowledge__ A case is pending adjudication in a Budgam court against Major Avtar Singh.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice (, ; Niçard , classical norm, or \"\", nonstandard, ; ; ; ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\".", "Nice __knowledge__ The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of .", "Nice __knowledge__ Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.", "Nice __knowledge__ Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ The fictional Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, who debuted in 1962, is well known for his unique superhuman abilities as depicted in the comics and other media.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He receives most of his powers when he is bitten by a radioactive common house spider.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He uses his technical skill to develop equipment and weapons to complement his powers, and wears a number of costumes, many of which have special properties.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ When Peter Parker was bitten by an irradiated spider, radioactive mutagenic enzymes in the spider's venom quickly caused numerous body-wide changes.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ Immediately after the bite, he was granted his original powers: primarily superhuman strength, reflexes, and balance; the ability to cling tenaciously to most surfaces; and a subconscious ability to sense everything in his surroundings, which he called a \"spider-sense\".", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ Brigadier general (Brig.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ Gen.) is a senior rank in the armed forces.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general.", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops (four battalions).", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ In some countries a brigadier general is informally designated as a one-star general (OF-6).", "Brigadier general __knowledge__ In some countries, this rank is given the name of brigadier, which is often considered not to be a general-officer rank, but is usually equivalent to brigadier general in the armies of nations that use the rank.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Have a nice day is a commonly spoken expression used to conclude a conversation (whether brief or extensive), or end a message by hoping the person to whom it is addressed experiences a pleasant day.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ Since it is often uttered by service employees to customers at the end of a transaction, particularly in Israel and the United States, its repetitious and dutiful usage has resulted in the phrase developing, according to some journalists and scholars, especially outside of these two countries, a cultural connotation of impersonality, lack of interest, passive–aggressive behavior, or sarcasm.", "Have a nice day __knowledge__ The phrase is generally not used in Europe, as some find it artificial or even offensive.", "Altered state of consciousness __knowledge__ An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called altered state of mind or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state.", "Altered state of consciousness __knowledge__ By 1892, the expression was in use in relation to hypnosis although an ongoing debate about hypnosis as an ASC based on modern definition exists.", "Altered state of consciousness __knowledge__ The next retrievable instance, by Dr Max Mailhouse from his 1904 presentation to conference, does however, as it was in relation to epilepsy, and is still used today.", "Altered state of consciousness __knowledge__ In academia, the expression was used as early as 1966 by Arnold M. Ludwig and brought into common usage from 1969 by Charles Tart.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ Brenau University is a private, not-for-profit, undergraduate- and graduate-level higher education institution with multiple campuses and online programs.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ Founded in 1878, the university's main campus is in Gainesville, Georgia.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ The university enrolls about 3,500 students who seek degrees ranging from two-year associates of arts through doctorates.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ Brenau's curriculum emphasizes professional preparation informed by the liberal arts.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ Terminal degrees include a Master of Fine Arts in Interior Design and a Doctor of Nursing Practice.", "Brenau University __knowledge__ The main campus of the Georgia-based institution, which includes the Brenau Women’s College, is in Gainesville with other campuses in Augusta, two metro Atlanta locations, Norcross and Fairburn, and a campus in Jacksonville, Florida.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ Rogers Road is a community located in Orange County, North Carolina.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ It has been suggested that and believed by many local citizens to be an area with a long history of battling environmental injustice.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ Since the mid-19th century, the Rogers-Eubanks Community has been home to many African-American families.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ A great deal of the black-owned family farmland in this area has been passed down throughout the generations.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ Rogers Road was originally a wagon-track in the late 19th century, and Eubanks Road contained a small school founded by a former slave.", "Rogers Road __knowledge__ The school provided an education for the neighborhood's black children in a time when they had no such opportunities.", "Murder of Victoria Climbié __knowledge__ In 2000 in London, an eight-year-old Ivorian girl, Victoria Adjo Climbié (2 November 1991 – 25 February 2000), was tortured and murdered by her guardians.", "Murder of Victoria Climbié __knowledge__ Her death led to a public inquiry and produced major changes in child protection policies in the United Kingdom.", "Murder of Victoria Climbié __knowledge__ Born in Abobo, Côte d’Ivoire, Climbié left the country with her great-aunt Marie-Thérèse Kouao, a French citizen, for an education in France, where they travelled, before arriving in London in April 1999.", "Murder of Victoria Climbié __knowledge__ It is not known exactly when Kouao started abusing Climbié, although it is suspected to have worsened when Kouao and Climbié met and moved in with Carl Manning, who became Kouao's boyfriend.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2012 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ New characters were introduced by Bryan Kirkwood, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ He stepped down from the role in April.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ His last episode was on 13 July 2012.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ From 16 July, characters were introduced by his successor, Lorraine Newman.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was the undertaker, Les Coker.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ The first regular character to be announced was Ray Dixon, the father of Morgan Butcher, followed by Alice Branning, the daughter of Derek Branning and, Alice's brother, Joey.", "List of EastEnders characters (2012) __knowledge__ June 2012 also saw the first birth of the year: Janine Butcher and Michael Moon's daughter, Scarlett.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ It ran on for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005 and it is followed by \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of Tracy Beaker Returns characters __knowledge__ Gina Conway, played by Kay Purcell, is a careworker at \"Elm Tree House\" in \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" and the first series of \"The Dumping Ground\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a social service agency.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The State, via the family court and child protection services agency, stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of the minor.", "Foster care __knowledge__ The vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization.", "Foster care __knowledge__ However, in the U.S., formal kinship care is increasingly common.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In 2012, a quarter of all children in formal foster care were placed with relatives.", "Foster care __knowledge__ In Australia foster care was known as \"boarding-out\".", "Foster care __knowledge__ Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ It is said that the system was mostly run by women until the early 20th century.", "Foster care __knowledge__ Then the control was centered in many state children's departments.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters featured in the Telemundo-produced telenovela \"Aurora\".", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Angela Amenabar is portrayed by Sonya Smith.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is the title character and main protagonist of the series replacing Sara Maldonado after her departure from the series.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Receives Aurora's heart as transplant, Lorenzo's lawyer, sister of Clara, in love with Lorenzo.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ she is also a doctor Aurora Ponce De León is portrayed by Sara Maldonado.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is the title character and main protagonist of the series.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ Aurora is the only child of Gustavo and Inés Ponce De León.", "List of Aurora (telenovela) characters __knowledge__ She is beautiful, passionate, generous, and loves with all her heart and soul.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship care is the raising of children by grandparents, other extended family members, and adults with whom they have a close family-like relationship such as godparents and close family friends because biological parents are unable to do so for whatever reason.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Legal custody of a child may or may not be involved, and the child may be related by blood, marriage, or adoption.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ This arrangement is also known as \"kincare\" or \"relative care.\"", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship placement may reduce the number of home placements children experience; allow children to maintain connections to communities, schools, and family members; and increase the likelihood of eventual reunification with birth parents.", "Foster Care Independence Act __knowledge__ The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 () aims to assist youth aging out of foster care in the United States in obtaining and maintaining independent living skills.", "Foster Care Independence Act __knowledge__ Youth aging out of foster care, or transitioning out of the formal foster care system, are one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged populations.", "Foster Care Independence Act __knowledge__ As youth age out of the foster care system at age 18, they are expected to become self-sufficient immediately, even though on average youth in the United States are not expected to reach self-sufficiency until age 26.", "Foster Care Independence Act __knowledge__ With the passage of the Foster Care Independence Act of 1999, funding was increased to enable states to design, conduct, and evaluate independent living programs with the purpose of assisting youth as they transition out of foster care.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Utah Foster Care (UFC), formerly \"Utah Foster Care Foundation\" is a non-profit organization that provides foster families for the State of Utah.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Since their founding, UFC has played a role in caring for young children who have been subjected to abuse, neglect, and other hardships by their caretakers.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ As of 2013, at any given time in Utah, there are about 2,700 children experiencing crisis in the home who are in need of foster care.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Nearly half of all cases involve substance abuse by biological parents.", "Utah Foster Care __knowledge__ Given the difficult circumstances and special needs of these children, UFC's goal is to find and prepare foster parents to meet those needs.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ Foster care is the term used for a system in which a minor who has been made a ward is placed in an institution, group home, or private home of a state certified caregiver referred to as a \"foster parent\".", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The placement of the child is usually arranged through the government or a social-service agency.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The institution, group home or foster parent is provided compensation for expenses.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The state via the family court and child protection agency stand \"in loco parentis\" to the minor, making all legal decisions while the foster parent is responsible for the day-to-day care of said minor.", "Foster care in the United States __knowledge__ The foster parent is remunerated by the state for their services.", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ Child Protective Services (CPS) is the name of a governmental agency in many states of the United States responsible for providing child protection, which includes responding to reports of child abuse or neglect.", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ Some states use other names, often attempting to reflect more family-centered (as opposed to child-centered) practices, such as \"Department of Children & Family Services\" (DCFS).", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ CPS is also known by the name of \"Department of Social Services\" (DSS) or simply \"Social Services.\"", "Child Protective Services __knowledge__ List of Other Names and Acronyms for CPS: CPS/DCF is a department under a state's Health and Human Services organization.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ Biological parents, and sometimes biological grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these, no named godparent, or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are one way of providing for their care, housing and education.", "Orphanage __knowledge__ It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is a more accurate term, since the word orphan has a different definition in international adoption." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 8, 11 ]	[ "hi! Wow! Have you ever been in foster family or a group home or state certified caregiver?", "I'm sorry to hear that. I know placement of a child is normally arranged thru the government or social services. I hope they placed you in a nice family", "That's sad. In 2012 a quarter of all children in formal foster care were placed with relatives. Have you ever lived with relatives?", "I'm sorry to hear that. The foster care system was mostly run by women until the early 20th century" ]	[ "Foster care", "Foster care", "Foster care", "Foster care" ]
[ "Activism", "I definitely agree with that. The activist's in group's really do get a lot more done than the people just sitting doing nothing in the group. ", "I didn't end up voting in this last election because I was very opposed to both parties.. Did you vote for that election?", "Really? I am actually not very familiar with how their Election System is set up. Could you explain any key differences?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Activism __knowledge__ Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.", "Activism __knowledge__ Forms of activism range from writing letters to newspapers or to politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing businesses, rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, and hunger strikes.", "Activism __knowledge__ One can also express activism through different forms of art (artivism).", "Activism __knowledge__ Daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.", "Activism __knowledge__ The \"Online Etymology Dictionary\" records the English words \"activism\" and \"activist\" (in the political sense) from 1920 and from 1915 respectively.", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists can function in roles as public officials, as in judicial activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., introduced the term \"judicial activism\" in a January 1946 \"Fortune\" magazine article titled \"The Supreme Court: 1947\".", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists are also public watchdogs and whistle blowers, attempting to understand all the actions of every form of government that acts in the name of the people: all government must be accountable to oversight and transparency." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Activism __knowledge__ Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.", "Activism __knowledge__ Forms of activism range from writing letters to newspapers or to politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing businesses, rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, and hunger strikes.", "Activism __knowledge__ One can also express activism through different forms of art (artivism).", "Activism __knowledge__ Daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.", "Activism __knowledge__ The \"Online Etymology Dictionary\" records the English words \"activism\" and \"activist\" (in the political sense) from 1920 and from 1915 respectively.", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists can function in roles as public officials, as in judicial activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., introduced the term \"judicial activism\" in a January 1946 \"Fortune\" magazine article titled \"The Supreme Court: 1947\".", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists are also public watchdogs and whistle blowers, attempting to understand all the actions of every form of government that acts in the name of the people: all government must be accountable to oversight and transparency.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ Richard John Santorum (born May 10, 1958) is an American attorney, author, and politician.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007 and was the Senate's third-ranking Republican from 2001 to 2007.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ He ran as a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination, finishing second to Mitt Romney.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ Santorum was elected as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania in 1994.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ He served two terms until losing his reelection bid in 2006.", "Rick Santorum __knowledge__ A devout, practicing Catholic, Santorum is a social conservative who opposes same-sex marriage and artificial birth control.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes Maria Theresa Immaculata McQueen (also Owen, Fisher and Browning) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jennifer Metcalfe.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 19 June 2006 as the first character to be introduced to the series by series producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ In 2008 Metcalfe feared that the character was to be axed but was later reassured by the series producer that she would not be.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Metcalfe later stated her intention to stay with the series.", "Mercedes McQueen __knowledge__ Mercedes is part of the McQueen family and is the longest serving McQueen on the series.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The following is an alphabetical list of the minor characters in the various versions of \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", by Douglas Adams.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ The descriptions of the characters are accompanied by information on details about appearances and references to the characters.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Major characters— Arthur Dent, Ford Prefect, Zaphod Beeblebrox, Marvin the Paranoid Android, Trillian, and Slartibartfast—are separately described.", "List of minor The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy characters __knowledge__ Lists are also available for places in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", races and species in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", technology in \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", phrases from \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", and cast lists for \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\".", "Environmental governance in China __knowledge__ Detailed accounts of the impact of economic development on China’s environmental landscape through the century have been provided by scholars, many of whom are Chinese.", "Environmental governance in China __knowledge__ By the mid-1800s, wide swaths of northern China were desert; deforestation and poor agricultural practices had degraded vast tracts of land; overuse had depleted fish stocks; and small-scale factories had begun to pollute the country’s water resources.", "Environmental governance in China __knowledge__ Additionally, the pressures of China’s burgeoning population and frequent wars, which took their own serious toll on the environment, compounded the challenge of China’s development.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology.", "Networked advocacy __knowledge__ Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Internet activism __knowledge__ Internet activism (also known as web activism, online activism, digital campaigning, digital activism\", \"online organizing, electronic advocacy, cyberactivism, e-campaigning, and e-activism) is the use of electronic communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen movements, the delivery of particular information to large and specific audiences as well as coordination.", "Internet activism __knowledge__ Internet technologies are used for cause-related fundraising, community building, lobbying, and organizing.", "Internet activism __knowledge__ A digital activism campaign is \"an organized public effort, making collective claims on a target authority, in which civic initiators or supporters use digital media.\"", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "History of feminism __knowledge__ The history of feminism is the chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women.", "History of feminism __knowledge__ While feminists around the world have differed in causes, goals, and intentions depending on time, culture, and country, most Western feminist historians assert that all movements that work to obtain women's rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.", "History of feminism __knowledge__ Other historians limit the term to the modern feminist movement and its progeny, and instead use the label \"protofeminist\" to describe earlier movements.", "History of feminism __knowledge__ Modern Western feminist history is split into three time periods, or \"waves\", each with slightly different aims based on prior progress." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Activism __knowledge__ Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.", "Activism __knowledge__ Forms of activism range from writing letters to newspapers or to politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing businesses, rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, and hunger strikes.", "Activism __knowledge__ One can also express activism through different forms of art (artivism).", "Activism __knowledge__ Daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.", "Activism __knowledge__ The \"Online Etymology Dictionary\" records the English words \"activism\" and \"activist\" (in the political sense) from 1920 and from 1915 respectively.", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists can function in roles as public officials, as in judicial activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., introduced the term \"judicial activism\" in a January 1946 \"Fortune\" magazine article titled \"The Supreme Court: 1947\".", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists are also public watchdogs and whistle blowers, attempting to understand all the actions of every form of government that acts in the name of the people: all government must be accountable to oversight and transparency.", "Turkish general election, June 2015 __knowledge__ The Turkish general election of June 2015 took place on 7 June 2015 in all 85 electoral districts of Turkey to elect 550 members to the Grand National Assembly.", "Turkish general election, June 2015 __knowledge__ This was the 24th general election in the history of the Turkish Republic, electing the country's 25th Parliament.", "Turkish general election, June 2015 __knowledge__ The result was the first hung parliament since the 1999 general election.", "Turkish general election, June 2015 __knowledge__ Unsuccessful attempts to form a coalition government resulted in a snap general election being called for November 2015.", "Turkish general election, June 2015 __knowledge__ The Justice and Development Party (AKP), which had governed Turkey since 2002, lost its parliamentary majority and won 258 seats with 40.9% of the vote.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The system presently has a number of distinctive features including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the Senate.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The timing of elections is governed by the Constitution and political conventions.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ Generally, elections are held approximately every three years and are conducted by the independent Australian Electoral Commission.", "Euroscepticism __knowledge__ Euroscepticism (also known as EU-scepticism) means criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration.", "Euroscepticism __knowledge__ It can also mean opposition to and total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism).", "Euroscepticism __knowledge__ The main sources of Euroscepticism have been notions that integration weakens national sovereignty and the nation state; that there is a democratic deficit in the European Union; that the EU is too bureaucratic; that it encourages high levels of migration; or perceptions that it is a neoliberal organisation which benefits the business elite at the expense of the working class.", "Euroscepticism __knowledge__ Euroscepticism is found in political parties across the political spectrum, both left-wing and right-wing.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ The German Federal Election System regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called Bundestag.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ According to the principles governing the elections laws, set down in Art.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ 38 of German Basic Law, elections are to be universal, direct, free, equal, and secret.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Furthermore, the German Basic Law stipulates that Bundestag elections are to take place every four years and that one can vote, and be elected, upon reaching the age of 18.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ All other stipulations for the federal elections are regulated by the Federal Electoral Act.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Elections always take place on a Sunday.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Mail votes are possible upon application.", "Afghan presidential election, 2009 __knowledge__ Presidential elections were held in Afghanistan on 20 August 2009.", "Afghan presidential election, 2009 __knowledge__ The election resulted in victory for incumbent Hamid Karzai, who won 49.67% of the vote, while his main rival Abdullah Abdullah finished second with 30.59% of the vote.", "Afghan presidential election, 2009 __knowledge__ The election was characterized by lack of security, low voter turnout and low awareness of the people about the election and election process and widespread ballot stuffing, intimidation, and other electoral fraud.", "Afghan presidential election, 2009 __knowledge__ A second round run-off vote, announced under heavy U.S. and ally pressure, was originally scheduled for 7 November 2009, but it was cancelled after Abdullah refused to participate, and Hamid Karzai was declared President of Afghanistan for another 5-year term.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom general election of 2015 was held on 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members to the House of Commons.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ It was the first general election at the end of a fixed-term Parliament.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ Local elections took place in most areas on the same day.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ Polls and commentators had predicted the outcome would be too close to call and would result in a second hung parliament similar to the 2010 election.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ Opinion polls were eventually proven to have underestimated the Conservative vote as they unexpectedly won an outright majority, which bore resemblance to their victory at the 1992 general election.", "United Kingdom general election, 2015 __knowledge__ Having governed in coalition with the Liberal Democrats since 2010, the Conservatives won 330 seats and 36.9% of the vote, this time winning a working majority of twelve seats.", "Instant-runoff voting __knowledge__ Instant-runoff voting (IRV) is a voting method used in single-seat elections with more than two candidates.", "Instant-runoff voting __knowledge__ Instead of voting only for a single candidate, voters in IRV elections can rank the candidates in order of preference.", "Instant-runoff voting __knowledge__ Ballots are initially counted for each elector's top choice, losing candidates are eliminated, and ballots for losing candidates are redistributed until one candidate is the top remaining choice of a majority of the voters.", "Instant-runoff voting __knowledge__ When the field is reduced to two, it has become an \"instant runoff\" that allows a comparison of the top two candidates head-to-head.", "Instant-runoff voting __knowledge__ IRV has the effect of avoiding split votes when multiple candidates earn support from like-minded voters.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ The 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump was the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, having won the most state primaries, caucuses, and delegates at the 2016 Republican National Convention.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ He chose Mike Pence, the sitting Governor of Indiana, as his vice presidential running mate.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ On November 8, 2016, Trump and Pence were elected president and vice president of the United States.", "Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump's populist positions in opposition to illegal immigration and various trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, earned him support especially among voters who were male, white, blue-collar and those without college degrees.", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ The United States Intelligence Community concluded with high confidence that the Russian government engaged in electoral interference during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ A January 2017 assessment by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) stated that Russian leadership favored presidential candidate Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton, and that Russian president Vladimir Putin personally ordered an \"influence campaign\" to harm Clinton's electoral chances and \"undermine public faith in the US democratic process.\"", "Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections __knowledge__ On October 7, 2016, the ODNI and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) jointly stated that the U.S. Intelligence Community was confident that the Russian Government directed recent hacking of e-mails with the intention of interfering with the U.S. election process. According to the ODNI′s January 6, 2017 report, the Russian military intelligence service (GRU) had hacked the servers of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and the personal Google email account of Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta and forwarded their contents to WikiLeaks.", "Presidency of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States at noon EST on January 20, 2017, succeeding Barack Obama.", "Presidency of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump, the Republican nominee, was a businessman and reality television personality from New York City at the time of his victory in the 2016 presidential election over the Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, to whom he lost the popular vote by 3 million votes while winning the electoral college.", "Presidency of Donald Trump __knowledge__ His running mate, former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, took office as the 48th Vice President of the United States on the same day.", "Presidency of Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump's term in office is set to end on January 20, 2021, though he is eligible for election to a second term and has declared his intention to run, announcing his re-election campaign on the day of his inauguration.", "United States presidential election, 2016 __knowledge__ The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.", "United States presidential election, 2016 __knowledge__ In a surprise victory, the Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S.", "United States presidential election, 2016 __knowledge__ Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine.", "United States presidential election, 2016 __knowledge__ Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20, 2017.", "United States presidential election, 2016 __knowledge__ Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama was ineligible to be elected to a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician who was the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a J.D.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ from Yale Law School in 1973.", "Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975.", "Donald Trump __knowledge__ Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.", "Donald Trump __knowledge__ Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.", "Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump was born and grew up in the New York City borough of Queens and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.", "Donald Trump __knowledge__ Trump took over running his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded it to involve constructing and renovating skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses.", "Donald Trump __knowledge__ He also started various side ventures, including branding and licensing his name for real estate and luxury consumer products.", "2016 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ The 2016 Republican National Convention, in which delegates of the United States Republican Party chose the party's nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, was held July 18–21, 2016, at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio.", "2016 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ The event marked the third time Cleveland has hosted the Republican National Convention and the first since 1936.", "2016 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ In addition to determining the party's national ticket, the convention ratified the party platform.", "2016 Republican National Convention __knowledge__ There were 2,472 delegates to the Republican National Convention, with a simple majority of 1,237 required to win the presidential nomination." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Activism __knowledge__ Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.", "Activism __knowledge__ Forms of activism range from writing letters to newspapers or to politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing businesses, rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, and hunger strikes.", "Activism __knowledge__ One can also express activism through different forms of art (artivism).", "Activism __knowledge__ Daily acts of protest such as not buying clothes from a certain clothing company because they exploit workers is another form of activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Research has begun to explore how activist groups use social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.", "Activism __knowledge__ The \"Online Etymology Dictionary\" records the English words \"activism\" and \"activist\" (in the political sense) from 1920 and from 1915 respectively.", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists can function in roles as public officials, as in judicial activism.", "Activism __knowledge__ Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., introduced the term \"judicial activism\" in a January 1946 \"Fortune\" magazine article titled \"The Supreme Court: 1947\".", "Activism __knowledge__ Activists are also public watchdogs and whistle blowers, attempting to understand all the actions of every form of government that acts in the name of the people: all government must be accountable to oversight and transparency.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Hip Hip Hurray is an Indian television series created and directed by Nupur Asthana that first aired on Zee TV channel from 21 August 1998 to 25 May 2001.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The story is based on the lives of 12th grade students at the DeNobili High School and their adventures, their fears and hopes, and their relationships and interactions.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Besides that, the story also focuses on issues pertinent for the younger generation such as dating, drugs, careers, health, exams, and causes, in a light-hearted manner.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The first season of the series more focused on the stars where they were in school flitting through life with joys and sorrows of life as students.", "Electronic voting __knowledge__ Electronic voting (also known as e-voting or EVM) refers to voting using electronic means to either aid or take care of the chores of casting and counting votes.", "Electronic voting __knowledge__ Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone electronic machines (also called EVM) or computers connected to the internet.", "Electronic voting __knowledge__ It encompasses a range of Internet services, from basic data transmission to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices.", "Electronic voting __knowledge__ Similarly, the degree of automation may vary from simple chores to a complete solution that includes voter registration & authentication, vote input, local or precinct tallying, vote data encryption and transmission to servers, vote consolidation and tabulation, and election administration.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ The German Federal Election System regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called Bundestag.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ According to the principles governing the elections laws, set down in Art.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ 38 of German Basic Law, elections are to be universal, direct, free, equal, and secret.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Furthermore, the German Basic Law stipulates that Bundestag elections are to take place every four years and that one can vote, and be elected, upon reaching the age of 18.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ All other stipulations for the federal elections are regulated by the Federal Electoral Act.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Elections always take place on a Sunday.", "Electoral system of Germany __knowledge__ Mail votes are possible upon application.", "French Revolution __knowledge__ The French Revolution ( ) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire.", "French Revolution __knowledge__ The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond.", "French Revolution __knowledge__ Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions.", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ Throughout the early part of the Twentieth century the philosophy and tactics of the Industrial Workers of the World were frequently in direct conflict with those of the American Federation of Labor (forerunner of the AFL-CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled.", "Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics __knowledge__ The AFL had one guiding principle—\"pure and simple trade unionism\", often summarized with the slogan \"a fair day's pay for a fair day's work.\"", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The system presently has a number of distinctive features including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the Senate.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ The timing of elections is governed by the Constitution and political conventions.", "Electoral system of Australia __knowledge__ Generally, elections are held approximately every three years and are conducted by the independent Australian Electoral Commission.", "Munich Security Conference __knowledge__ The Munich Security Conference (MSC; ) is an annual conference on international security policy that has taken place since 1963.", "Munich Security Conference __knowledge__ Former names are \"Wehrkundetagung\" and \"Münchner Konferenz für Sicherheitspolitik\".", "Munich Security Conference __knowledge__ It is the world's largest gathering of its kind.", "Munich Security Conference __knowledge__ Over the past four decades the Munich Security Conference has become the most important independent forum for the exchange of views by international security policy decision-makers.", "Munich Security Conference __knowledge__ Each year it brings together about 350 senior figures from more than 70 countries around the world to engage in an intensive debate on current and future security challenges.", "Alternative for Germany __knowledge__ Alternative for Germany (German: Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a far-right political party in Germany.", "Alternative for Germany __knowledge__ Founded in April 2013, the AfD narrowly missed the 5% electoral threshold to sit in the Bundestag during the 2013 federal election.", "Alternative for Germany __knowledge__ In 2014 the party won seven seats in the European election as a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists.", "Alternative for Germany __knowledge__ After securing representation in 14 of the 16 German state parliaments by October 2017, the AfD became the third largest party in Germany after the 2017 federal election, claiming 94 seats in the Bundestag, a major breakthrough for the party as it was the first time the AfD had won any seats in the Bundestag.", "Stephen Harper __knowledge__ Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006 to November 4, 2015.", "Stephen Harper __knowledge__ He was the first Canadian Prime Minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance.", "Stephen Harper __knowledge__ Harper was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta from 2002 to 2015 and for Calgary Heritage until 2016.", "Stephen Harper __knowledge__ Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the federal MP for Calgary West, representing the Reform Party of Canada.", "Australian Greens __knowledge__ The Australian Greens (commonly known as The Greens) is a green political party in Australia.", "Australian Greens __knowledge__ The party was formed in 1992 and is a confederation of eight state and territorial parties.", "Australian Greens __knowledge__ In addition to environmentalism, the party cites four core values: ecological sustainability, social justice, grassroots democracy and peace and non-violence.", "Australian Greens __knowledge__ Party constituencies can be traced to various origins – notably the early environmental movement in Australia and the formation of the United Tasmania Group (UTG), one of the first green parties in the world, but also the nuclear disarmament movement in Western Australia and sections of the industrial left in New South Wales." ] ]	[ 1, 54, 23, 22 ]	[ "I think activism is important to change and can refer to a lot of efforts in social, political, or environmental reform.", "Did you vote in the last election with Donald Trump and Hillary the Senator from New York.", "I didn't either. I think the German Federal Election System is better and regulates members better.", "The system in Germany for the elevtion has members of a parliament called Bundestag." ]	[ "Activism", "Activism", "Activism", "Activism" ]
[ "Swimming", "i love to swim in the pool! I go several times a week", "yes, me too! I just don't like the smell of chlorine lol" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "Castile and León __knowledge__ Castile and León (; ; Leonese: \"Castiella y Llión\" ; , ) is an autonomous community in north-western Spain.", "Castile and León __knowledge__ It was constituted in 1983, although it existed for the first time during the First Spanish Republic in the 19th century.", "Castile and León __knowledge__ León first appeared as a Kingdom in 910, whilst the Kingdom of Castile gained an independent identity in 1065 and was intermittently held in personal union with León before merging with it permanently in 1230.", "Castile and León __knowledge__ It is the largest autonomous community in Spain and the third largest region of the European Union, covering an area of with an official population of around 2.5 million (2011).", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Mary Elizabeth Mohler, née Mary Elizabeth DeScenza (born September 17, 1984) is an American former competition swimmer and former world record-holder in the Women's 200-meter butterfly (long course).", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Mohler was born into an Italian-American family in Middlesex, New Jersey, where she learned to swim and began competing with a local swim club.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ Her father, Robert DeScenza, works as a structural engineer and her mother, Margaret DeScenza, is a homemaker.", "Mary Mohler __knowledge__ She attended Rosary High School in Aurora, Illinois where she was best known for being the Illinois High School Association state champion for the 100 yard Butterfly from 1998 to 2001.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming is an individual or team sport that uses arms and legs to move the body through water.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ In addition to these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ Swimming each stroke requires specific techniques, and in competition, there are specific regulations concerning the acceptable form for different strokes.", "Swimming (sport) __knowledge__ There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps, jewelry and injury tape are allowed at competitions.", "Esther Williams __knowledge__ Esther Jane Williams (August 8, 1921 – June 6, 2013) was an American competitive swimmer and actress.", "Esther Williams __knowledge__ Williams set multiple national and regional swimming records in her late teens as part of the Los Angeles Athletic Club swim team.", "Esther Williams __knowledge__ Unable to compete in the 1940 Summer Olympics because of the outbreak of World War II, she joined Billy Rose's Aquacade, where she took on the role vacated by Eleanor Holm after the show's move from New York City to San Francisco.", "Esther Williams __knowledge__ While in the city, she spent five months swimming alongside Olympic gold medal winner and \"Tarzan\" star, Johnny Weissmuller.", "Esther Williams __knowledge__ Williams caught the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer scouts at the Aquacade.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Also, the dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, allowing it to act as a stabilizing agent.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Charles Darwin remarked upon this in \"On the Origin of Species\".", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ These are mostly related to the arthropods, and include the Anomalocaridids, which swam by means of lateral lobes in a fashion reminiscent of today's cuttlefish.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The Liffey Swim, currently titled the Jones Engineering Dublin City Liffey Swim, is an annual race in Dublin's main river, the Liffey, and is one of Ireland's most famous traditional sporting events.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is managed by a voluntary not-for-profit organisation, Leinster Open Sea.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The 98th Liffey Swim took place on Saturday 9 September 2017, starting at the Rory O’Moore Bridge (Watling Street Bridge) beside the Guinness Brewery.", "The Liffey Swim __knowledge__ The race is one of the last swims in a season of 30 open sea races held during the summer months, organised by Leinster Open Sea, and takes place usually on a Saturday in either late August or early September.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ A swimming cap, swim cap or bathing cap, is a tightly fitted, skin-tight garment, commonly made from silicone, latex or lycra, worn on the head by recreational and competitive swimmers.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Caps are worn for various reasons.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Some facilities require the wearing of swim caps, in order to protect filters from becoming clogged with loose hairs which fall from the head of swimmers who are not wearing a cap, or to ensure long loose hair does not get caught in equipment.", "Swim cap __knowledge__ Caps are also sometimes worn in an attempt to keep hair relatively dry or protect from chlorinated water, to keep the sun off the hair, and also, when a cap is worn with ear plugs, in order to keep water out of the ears.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ A triathlon is a multiple-stage competition involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance disciplines.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming, cycling, and running in immediate succession over various distances.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed \"transitions\" between the individual swim, cycle, and run components.", "Triathlon __knowledge__ The word \"triathlon\" is of Greek origin from τρεῖς or \"treis\" (\"three\") and ἆθλος or \"athlos\" (\"competition\").", "Triathlon __knowledge__ A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race.", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ Swim Across America Inc., (SAA) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is dedicated to raising money and awareness for cancer research, prevention and treatment by hosting open water and pool benefit swim events across the US.", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ SAA, whose events often include Olympians such as Michael Phelps, Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres, has raised over $65 million since its inception.", "Swim Across America __knowledge__ Money raised by SAA supports world-renowned hospitals, laboratories and clinics, including the Swim Across America lab at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, which played a key role in developing the first drug to treat metastatic melanoma approved by the FDA in 13 years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Humans can hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming is consistently among top public recreational activities, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a compulsory part of the educational curriculum.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a formalized sport, swimming features in a range of local, national, and international competitions, including every modern summer Olympics.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Swimming relies on the natural buoyancy of the human body.", "Swimming __knowledge__ On average, the body has a relative density of 0.98 compared to water, which causes the body to float.", "Swimming __knowledge__ However, buoyancy varies on the basis of both body composition and the salinity of the water.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Higher levels of body fat and saltier water both lower the relative density of the body and increase its buoyancy.", "Swimming __knowledge__ Since the human body is only slightly less dense than water, water supports the weight of the body during swimming.", "Swimming __knowledge__ As a result, swimming is “low-impact” compared to land activities such as running.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ The most common compound of chlorine, sodium chloride (common salt), has been known since ancient times.", "Chlorine __knowledge__ Around 1630, chlorine gas was first synthesised in a chemical reaction, but not recognised as a fundamentally important substance.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Bromine __knowledge__ Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35.", "Bromine __knowledge__ It is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas.", "Bromine __knowledge__ Its properties are thus intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine.", "Bromine __knowledge__ Isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig (in 1825) and Antoine Jérôme Balard (in 1826), its name was derived from the Ancient Greek βρῶμος (\"stench\"), referencing its sharp and disagreeable smell.", "Bromine __knowledge__ Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur free in nature, but in colourless soluble crystalline mineral halide salts, analogous to table salt.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone , or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula .", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell.", "Ozone __knowledge__ It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope , breaking down in the lower atmosphere to or dioxygen.", "Ozone __knowledge__ Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in very low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere (stratosphere).", "Ozone __knowledge__ Its concentration is highest in the ozone layer region of the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ The simplest propulsive systems are composed of cilia and flagella.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming has evolved a number of times in a range of organisms including arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Swimming evolved a number of times in unrelated lineages.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ Supposed jellyfish fossils occur in the Ediacaran, but the first free-swimming animals appear in the Early to Middle Cambrian.", "Aquatic locomotion __knowledge__ These are mostly related to the arthropods, and include the Anomalocaridids, which swam by means of lateral lobes in a fashion reminiscent of today's cuttlefish.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs (Greek for \"fish lizard\" – ιχθυς or \"ichthys\" meaning \"fish\" and σαυρος or \"sauros\" meaning \"lizard\") are large marine reptiles.", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs belong to the order known as Ichthyosauria or Ichthyopterygia ('fish flippers' – a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840, although the term is now used more for the parent clade of the Ichthyosauria).", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ Ichthyosaurs thrived during much of the Mesozoic era; based on fossil evidence, they first appeared around 250 million years ago (Mya) and at least one species survived until about 90 million years ago, into the Late Cretaceous.", "Ichthyosaur __knowledge__ During the early Triassic period, ichthyosaurs evolved from a group of unidentified land reptiles that returned to the sea, in a development parallel to that of the ancestors of modern-day dolphins and whales, which they gradually came to resemble in a case of convergent evolution.", "Sauna __knowledge__ A sauna ( or ; ), or sudatory, is a small room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities.", "Sauna __knowledge__ The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire.", "Sauna __knowledge__ Infrared therapy is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the Finnish sauna organizations, infrared is not a sauna.", "Sauna __knowledge__ Originally borrowed from the early Proto-Germanic \"*stakna-\" whose descendants include English \"stack\", the word \"sauna\" is an ancient Finnish word referring to the traditional Finnish bath and to the bathhouse itself.", "Sauna __knowledge__ In Baltic-Finnic languages other than Finnish, \"sauna\" does not necessarily mean a building or space built for bathing.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi." ] ]	[ 0, 1, 3 ]	[ "I like to swim sometimes. Do you swim?", "Swimming is self-propulsion through water (generally for sport). I find that it's very soothing and relaxing in a way. Just feeling the water against your skin", "Yea, it's awful but it keeps things clean. Good news is that humans can hold their breath underwater for quite a while as an evolutionary response!" ]	[ "Swimming", "Swimming", "Swimming" ]
[ "Violin", "I thought a violin and a fiddle were two different things", "Oh I see, is there any differences in the term, like would a fiddle be only used in folk music and a violin in classical?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ American fiddle-playing began with the early settlers who found that the small \"viol\" family instruments were portable and rugged.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ According to Ron Yule, \"John Utie, a 1620 immigrant, settled in the North and is credited as being the first known fiddler on American soil\".", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Early influences were Irish fiddle styles as well as Scottish and the more refined traditions of classical violin playing.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Popular tunes included \"Soldier's Joy\", for which Robert Burns had written lyrics, and other such tunes as \"Flowers of Edinburgh\" and \"Tamlin,\" which were claimed by both Scottish and Irish lineages.", "American fiddle __knowledge__ Soon these tunes were Americanized; local variations developed in the Northern and Southern colonies.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\".", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ A Hardanger fiddle (or in ) is a traditional stringed instrument used originally to play the music of Norway.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ In modern designs, this type of fiddle is very similar to the violin, though with eight or nine strings (rather than four as on a standard violin) and thinner wood.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ Four of the strings are strung and played like a violin, while the rest, aptly named understrings or sympathetic strings, resonate under the influence of the other four.", "Hardanger fiddle __knowledge__ The Hardingfele is used mainly in the southwest part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called \"flatfele\" - 'flat fiddle' or \"vanlig fele\" - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ It is also a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres including classical music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ There are few real distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles.", "Fiddle __knowledge__ Due to the style of the music played, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of right-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Old time fiddle is a genre of American folk music.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ \"Old time fiddle tunes\" derived from European folk dance tunes such as Jig, Reel, Breakdown, Schottische, Waltz, Two Step and Polka.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The fiddle may be accompanied by banjo or other instruments but are nevertheless called \"fiddle tunes\".", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ The genre traces from the colonization of North America by immigrants from England, France, Germany, Ireland, and Scotland.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ It is separate and distinct from traditions which it has influenced or which may in part have evolved from it, such as bluegrass, country blues, variants of western swing and country rock.", "Old time fiddle __knowledge__ Starting in the 1920 some fiddlers, particularly younger ones like Aurtur Smith, were swept up in the new music, their style and repertoires reflected influences from blues, ragtime, and Tin Pan Alley.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Norway is a rather sparsely populated country in Europe (5 million inhabitants in an area of some excluding Svalbard and Jan-Mayen), but even so its music and its musical life are as complex as those of most other countries.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Much has been learned about early music in Norway from physical artifacts found during archaeological digs.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ These include instruments such as the lur.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Viking and medieval sagas also describe musical activity, as do the accounts of priests and pilgrims from all over Europe coming to visit St Olaf's grave in Trondheim.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ In the later part of the 19th century, Norway experienced economic growth leading to greater industrialization and urbanization." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.", "Violin __knowledge__ Most violins have a hollow wooden body.", "Violin __knowledge__ It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use.", "Violin __knowledge__ Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused.", "Violin __knowledge__ The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno).", "Violin __knowledge__ Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres.", "Violin __knowledge__ They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments and in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz.", "Violin __knowledge__ Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound.", "Violin __knowledge__ Further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.", "Folk music __knowledge__ The term originated in the 19th century, but is often applied to music older than that.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Some types of folk music are also called world music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time.", "Folk music __knowledge__ It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Norway is a rather sparsely populated country in Europe (5 million inhabitants in an area of some excluding Svalbard and Jan-Mayen), but even so its music and its musical life are as complex as those of most other countries.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Much has been learned about early music in Norway from physical artifacts found during archaeological digs.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ These include instruments such as the lur.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ Viking and medieval sagas also describe musical activity, as do the accounts of priests and pilgrims from all over Europe coming to visit St Olaf's grave in Trondheim.", "Music of Norway __knowledge__ In the later part of the 19th century, Norway experienced economic growth leading to greater industrialization and urbanization.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The genre emerged from bands such as the Beatles, the Searchers, and the Animals in the UK, and Bob Dylan and the Byrds in the US, who played traditional folk music and songs with rock instrumentation.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" is first noted as being used by the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music; the band's debut album was released the same month.", "Folk rock __knowledge__ The commercial success of the Byrds' 1965 cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation—on the albums \"Bringing It All Back Home\" (1965), \"Highway 61 Revisited\" (1965), and \"Blonde on Blonde\" (1966)—encouraged the creation of folk rock groups in the mid-1960s.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ The War of 1812 (18121815) was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Since the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the United States contested as illegal under international law.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy.", "War of 1812 __knowledge__ Incidents such as the \"Chesapeake–Leopard\" Affair inflamed anti-British sentiment.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years ?)", "Squanto __knowledge__ – late November 1622 o.s.", "Squanto __knowledge__ ), more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto, was a member of the Patuxet tribe best known for being an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the \"Mayflower\" settlers, who made their settlement at the site of Squanto's former summer village.", "Squanto __knowledge__ The Patuxet tribe had lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, but they were wiped out by an epidemic infection.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Squanto was the last of the tribe, and he acted as a translator, guide, and advisor while he lived with the Pilgrims for 20 months.", "Squanto __knowledge__ He showed them how to sow and fertilize native crops, and this proved to be a boon when the seeds brought largely failed which had been brought from England.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ New France set up small settlements, and in 1803 Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Statehood for Missouri came following a compromise in 1820 that allowed slavery.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ Settlement was rapid after 1820, aided by a network of rivers navigable by steamboats, centered in the dominant city St. Louis.", "History of Missouri __knowledge__ It attracted European immigrants, especially Germans; the business community had a large Yankee element as well.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "American frontier __knowledge__ The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912.", "American frontier __knowledge__ \"Frontier\" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement.", "American frontier __knowledge__ American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the conquest and settlement of Indian lands, west of the Mississippi River, in what is now the Midwest, Texas, the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and the West Coast.", "Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837.", "Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress.", "Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the \"common man\" against a \"corrupt aristocracy\" and to preserve the Union.", "Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War, Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ The presidency of Andrew Jackson began on March 4, 1829, when Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1837.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson, the seventh United States president, took office after defeating incumbent President John Quincy Adams in the bitterly-contested 1828 presidential election by a landslide.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ In coalition with other opponents of Adams, Jackson mobilized his Western support and founded a political force that became the Democratic Party.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson won re-election in 1832, easily defeating Henry Clay.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ He was succeeded by Vice President Martin Van Buren.", "Presidency of Andrew Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson's presidency saw several important developments in domestic policy." ] ]	[ 1, 10, 0 ]	[ "I like to play the Violin. I started because I heard it's called a fiddle. ", "Same! When I found out the term fiddle came from early American settlers I knew I wanted to play one. ", "It would make sense that musicians that play those genres would prefer one term over the other. Especially when you consider classical music involves Violas as well. " ]	[ "Violin", "Violin", "Violin" ]
[ "Animal shelter", "That would be hard for me, I would love helping them but hate seeing them leave. Do you neuter them?", "Our community does not have a shelter or animal control so I try to trap the cats and take them to the University for their fix and release program.", "That is something I didn't know, I wonder what kinds they get in , they must have to learn so much about the different species." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Today, around 800 million people are native speakers worldwide, mainly in Europe, Africa and the Americas, but also elsewhere.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Additionally, the major Romance languages have many non-native speakers and are in widespread use as lingua francas.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ This is especially the case for French, which is in widespread use throughout Central and West Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Maghreb.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of supporting characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ is a fictional character in the anime \"Tenchi Muyo!\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ OVA In the OVA, Katsuhito, also known as , fled Jurai over 700 years ago to \"retire\" on Earth.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ He was once the greatest swordsman on Jurai.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Currently Katsuhito is a Shinto priest who is not only training Tenchi to be a Shinto priest but also training him in Jurai swordsmanship.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ Yōshō had a marriage arranged with half-sister Ayeka, but left.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! supporting characters __knowledge__ At the time, not all Juraians liked the idea of mixed blood heritages (he is part human, on his mother's side) and he used Ryōko's attack as an excuse to slip away to Earth.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "Grammatical gender __knowledge__ In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun-class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs.", "Grammatical gender __knowledge__ This system is used in approximately one quarter of the world's languages.", "Grammatical gender __knowledge__ In these languages, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called \"gender\"; the values present in a given language (of which there are usually two or three) are called the \"genders\" of that language.", "Grammatical gender __knowledge__ According to one definition: \"Genders are classes of nouns reflected in the behaviour of associated words.\"", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ The North Carolina Animal Protection Act aims to protect pets and their owners in North Carolina.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ This legislation models the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and can be found in the North Carolina General Statutes under Chapter 19A: Protection Of Animals, Article 3, consisting of six articles.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ It aims (i) to protect the owners of dogs and cats from the theft of such pets; (ii) to prevent the sale or use of stolen pets; (iii) to insure that animals, as items of commerce, are provided humane care and treatment by regulating the transportation, sale, purchase, housing, care, handling and treatment of such animals by persons or organizations engaged in transporting, buying, or selling them for such use; (iv) to insure that animals confined in pet shops, kennels, animal shelters and auction markets are provided humane care and treatment; (v) to prohibit the sale, trade or adoption of those animals which show physical signs of infection, communicable disease, or congenital abnormalities, unless veterinary care is assured subsequent to sale, trade or adoption.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The Philippine Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) is a volunteer-based, non-government organization whose goal is to prevent animal cruelty through education, animal sheltering and advocacy.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS believes that the creation of a more peaceful society starts with the widening of mankind’s circle of compassion which includes animals, thereby envisions a nation that respects animals, practices responsible pet ownership and protects wildlife.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The volunteer-based organization rehabilitates these animals in the hope of finding them new homes and a second chance at a good life.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS does not take in pets of other people, only victims of cruelty or neglect where the animal offenders are charged with violation of the Animal Welfare Act in court.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Trap-neuter-return (TNR) is a type of program through which free-roaming cats are trapped, sterilized (males are castrated and females undergo ovo-hysterectomies), and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, the cats may be relocated (barn/farmyard homes are often considered ideal).", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Kittens young enough to be socialized and friendly adult cats may be placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals rather than returned to the outdoors.", "Trap-neuter-return __knowledge__ Cats found suffering with terminal, untreatable, and/or contagious illnesses or injuries are often euthanized.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A \"no-kill\" shelter is an animal shelter that does not kill healthy or treatable animals even when the shelter is full, reserving euthanasia for terminally ill animals or those considered dangerous to public safety.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill shelter uses many strategies to promote shelter animals; to expanding its resources using volunteers, housing and medical protocols; and to work actively to lower the number of homeless animals entering the shelter system.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ A no-kill or limited admit shelter is a shelter that saves healthy, treatable and rehabilitatable animals.", "No-kill shelter __knowledge__ As a benchmark, at least 90% of the animals entering the shelter are expected to be saved.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Overpopulation in domestic pets refers to a surplus of domestic animals, such as cats, dogs, and exotic animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ In the United States, a 6 to 8 million animals are brought to shelters each year, of which an estimated 3 to 4 million are subsequently euthanized, including 2.7 million considered healthy and adoptable.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Euthanasia numbers have declined from the 1970s, when U.S. shelters euthanized an estimated 12 to 20 million animals.", "Overpopulation in domestic pets __knowledge__ Most humane societies, animal shelters and rescue groups urge animal caregivers to have their animals spayed or neutered to prevent the births of unwanted and accidental litters that could contribute to this dynamic.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Humane Society of Harford County __knowledge__ The Humane Society of Harford County, Inc. (HSHC) is a nonprofit open admission animal shelter located in Fallston, Maryland, contracted with the Harford County Government to provide sheltering services for all animals brought to HSHC by Animal Control (which is operated under the Harford County Sheriff’s Office) as stray, or subjects of animal cruelty or neglect cases.", "Humane Society of Harford County __knowledge__ HSHC is also obligated to accept animals from Harford County residents wishing to relinquish their pets, or stray animals which are found in Harford County by private citizens.", "Humane Society of Harford County __knowledge__ The shelter takes in approximately 4,000-4,500 animals per year, and ended 2015 with a 75% live release rate, up from 45% in 2011.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ The North Carolina Animal Protection Act aims to protect pets and their owners in North Carolina.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ This legislation models the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 and can be found in the North Carolina General Statutes under Chapter 19A: Protection Of Animals, Article 3, consisting of six articles.", "North Carolina Animal Protection Act __knowledge__ It aims (i) to protect the owners of dogs and cats from the theft of such pets; (ii) to prevent the sale or use of stolen pets; (iii) to insure that animals, as items of commerce, are provided humane care and treatment by regulating the transportation, sale, purchase, housing, care, handling and treatment of such animals by persons or organizations engaged in transporting, buying, or selling them for such use; (iv) to insure that animals confined in pet shops, kennels, animal shelters and auction markets are provided humane care and treatment; (v) to prohibit the sale, trade or adoption of those animals which show physical signs of infection, communicable disease, or congenital abnormalities, unless veterinary care is assured subsequent to sale, trade or adoption.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This article is designed to give background into the organization and tactics of Civil War armies.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ This brief survey is by no means exhaustive, but it should give enough material to have a better understanding of the capabilities of the forces that fought the American Civil War.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ Understanding these capabilities should give insight into the reasoning behind the decisions made by commanders on both sides.", "Armies in the American Civil War __knowledge__ The Regular Army of the United States on the eve of the Civil War was essentially a frontier constabulary whose 16,000 officers and men were organized into 198 companies scattered across the nation at 79 different posts.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ The Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-Angell Animal Medical Center (MSPCA-Angell) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with its main headquarters on South Huntington Avenue in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ It was founded in 1868, and is the second-oldest humane society in the United States.", "MSPCA-Angell __knowledge__ \"MSPCA-Angell\" was adopted as the society's identity in 2003, and indicates the names of its two closely related predecessor organizations: Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Angell Animal Medical Center (formerly known as Angell Memorial Animal Hospital).", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty (Nova Scotia SPCA) is a not-for-profit charitable society organized under the \"Animal Protection Act\" of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Society is dedicated to the prevention of cruelty to animals and to the promotion of respect and humane care for animals.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ Its members are committed to providing humane leadership in animal advocacy, protection, education, and veterinary care.", "Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty __knowledge__ The Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is involved solely with the prevention of cruelty to animals and the promotion of humane education." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize sick animals, and any animal that is not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In Europe, of 30 countries included in a survey, all but four (Czech republic, Germany, Greece, and Italy) permitted the killing of healthy stray dogs.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Critics believe the new term \"animal shelter\" is generally a euphemism for the older term \"pound\".", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The word \"pound\" had its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until claimed by their owners.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ Some shelters even have sick tropical animals.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ In the United States there is no government-run organization that provides oversight or regulation of the various shelters on a national basis.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ However, many individual states do regulate shelters within their jurisdiction.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ One of the earliest comprehensive measures was the \"Georgia Animal Protection Act\" of 1986.", "Animal shelter __knowledge__ The law was enacted in response to the inhumane treatment of companion animals by a pet store chain in Atlanta.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ The gameplay of the \"Pokémon\" video game series involves the capturing and training of a variety of fictional creatures called \"Pokémon\" and using them to battle other trainers.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ Each successive generation of games builds upon this concept by introducing new Pokémon, items, and gameplay concepts.", "Gameplay of Pokémon __knowledge__ Some of the general concepts were featured elsewhere before being introduced in the games; double battles appeared in the anime long before appearing in the games, and Pokémon abilities are similar to the Pokémon Powers introduced in the \"Pokémon Trading Card Game\", which also introduced Shiny Pokémon, different colors of that type of the original Pokémon.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Earth sheltering __knowledge__ Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of using earth against building walls for external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss, and to easily maintain a steady indoor air temperature.", "Earth sheltering __knowledge__ Earth sheltering has become relatively more popular in modern times, especially among environmentalists and advocates of passive solar and sustainable architecture.", "Earth sheltering __knowledge__ However, the practice has been around for nearly as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters.", "Earth sheltering __knowledge__ The expression earth-sheltering is a generic term, with the general meaning: \"building design in which soil plays an integral part\".", "Earth sheltering __knowledge__ A building can be described as earth-sheltered if its external envelope is in contact with a thermally significant volume of soil or substrate (where “thermally significant” means making a functional contribution to the thermal effectiveness of the building in question.)", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Pet adoption is the process of taking responsibility for a pet that a previous owner has abandoned or released to a shelter or rescue organization.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Common sources for adoptable pets are animal shelters and rescue groups.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Some organizations give adopters ownership of the pet, while others use a guardianship model wherein the organization retains some control over the animal's future use or care.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ Also available is online pet adoption.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ These sites have databases of pets being housed by thousands of animal shelters and rescue groups, and are searchable by the public.", "Pet adoption __knowledge__ They include Petfinder.org and Adopt-a-Pet.com.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Homeless shelters are a type of homeless service agency which provide temporary residence for homeless individuals and families.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Shelters exist to provide clients with safety and protection from exposure to the weather while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact on the community.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ They are similar to, but distinguishable from, various types of emergency shelters, which are typically operated for specific circumstances and populations - fleeing natural disasters or abusive social circumstances.", "Homeless shelter __knowledge__ Extreme weather conditions create problems similar to disaster management scenarios, and are handled with warming centers, which typically operate for short durations during adverse weather.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and \"in vivo\" testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease.", "Women's shelter __knowledge__ A women's shelter, also known as a women's refuge and battered women's shelter, is a place of temporary protection and support for women escaping domestic violence and intimate partner violence of all forms.", "Women's shelter __knowledge__ The term is also frequently used to describe a location for the same purpose that is open to people of all genders at risk.", "Women's shelter __knowledge__ Representative data samples done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that one in three women will experience physical violence during their lifetime.", "Women's shelter __knowledge__ One in ten will experience sexual violence.", "Women's shelter __knowledge__ Women's shelters help individuals escape these instances of domestic violence and intimate partner violence and act as a place for protection as they choose how to move forward.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 6, 8 ]	[ "I enjoy volunteering at our local animal shelter. we take care of strays, sick and abandoned dog and cats.", "That is one of the processes done here. Another familiar term for 'animal shelter' is also pound. ", "That is interesting. Some shelters also take in sick tropical animals.", "Yes, I imagine their capacity is limited as to the jurisdiction regulated within the state. " ]	[ "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter", "Animal shelter" ]
[ "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Oh wow, who wrote it?", "What does the book talk about?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Those Darlins was a rock and roll band from Nashville, Tennessee active between 2006 and 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The group has released three albums, their alt-country-leaning self-titled debut \"Those Darlins\" in 2009, the garage rock influenced \"Screws Get Loose\" in 2011, and the more classic rock and roll \"Blur the Line\" in 2013.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band also owns and operates its own record label, Oh Wow Dang Records.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ The band entered into a hiatus in 2016.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Lead singer Jessi Zazu died from cancer on September 12, 2017.", "Those Darlins __knowledge__ Jessi Zazu, Nikki Kvarnes, and Kelley Anderson formed Those Darlins after meeting at the Southern Girls Rock & Roll Camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"OMG\" is a song by American recording artist Usher and American rapper will.i.am, who also wrote and produced the song.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It uses the auto-tune effect in several lines, as well as \"Jock Jams\"-esque sports arena chanting.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 22, 2010 as the first worldwide single off his sixth studio album, \"Raymond v. Raymond\", and the fourth single overall, following the three US singles \"Papers\", \"Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)\", and \"Lil Freak\".", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was met with a mixed reception from critics, who criticized the use of auto-tune, but commended the song's dance and club vibe.", "OMG (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song marks the second time that Usher has collaborated with will.i.am, following the single \"What's Your Name\", from his previous album \"Here I Stand\" (2008).", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction (often shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a \"literature of ideas\".", "Science fiction __knowledge__ It usually avoids the supernatural, unlike the related genre of fantasy.", "Science fiction __knowledge__ Historically, science-fiction stories have had a grounding in actual science, but now this is only expected of hard science fiction.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος, alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, or simply anti-utopia) is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ It is translated as \"not-good place\" and is an antonym of utopia, a term that was coined by Sir Thomas More and figures as the title of his best known work, \"Utopia\", published 1516, a blueprint for an ideal society with minimal crime, violence and poverty.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ Dystopian societies appear in many artistic works, particularly in stories set in the future.", "Dystopia __knowledge__ Some of the most famous examples are George Orwell's \"1984\" and Aldous Huxley's \"Brave New World\".", "Rudolph Cartier __knowledge__ Rudolph Cartier (born Rudolph Kacser, renamed himself in Germany to Rudolph Katscher; 17 April 1904 – 7 June 1994) was an Austrian television director, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer who worked predominantly in British television, exclusively for the BBC.", "Rudolph Cartier __knowledge__ He is best known for his 1950s collaborations with screenwriter Nigel Kneale, most notably the \"Quatermass\" serials and their 1954 adaptation of George Orwell's dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\".", "Rudolph Cartier __knowledge__ After studying architecture and then drama, Cartier began his career as a screenwriter and then film director in Berlin, working for UFA Studios.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ We () is a dystopian novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin, completed in 1921.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel was first published in 1924 by E. P. Dutton in New York in an English translation by Gregory Zilboorg.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The novel describes a world of harmony and conformity within a united totalitarian state.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ \"We\" is set in the future.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ D-503, a spacecraft engineer, lives in the One State, an urban nation constructed almost entirely of glass, which assists mass surveillance.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ The structure of the state is Panopticon-like, and life is scientifically managed F. W. Taylor-style.", "We (novel) __knowledge__ People march in step with each other and are uniformed.", "Emmanuel Goldstein __knowledge__ Emmanuel Goldstein is a fictional character in George Orwell's dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\".", "Emmanuel Goldstein __knowledge__ He is the principal enemy of the state according to the totalitarian Party.", "Emmanuel Goldstein __knowledge__ He is depicted as the head of a mysterious (and possibly fictitious) dissident organization called \"The Brotherhood\" and as having written the book \"The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism\".", "Emmanuel Goldstein __knowledge__ He is only seen and heard on telescreen, and he may be a fabrication of the Ministry of Truth, the State's propaganda department.", "Emmanuel Goldstein __knowledge__ In the novel, Goldstein is a character rumoured to be a former top member of the Party and an early associate of its leader, \"Big Brother\", but having broken away early in the movement and started \"The Brotherhood\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda.", "Book talk __knowledge__ A booktalk in the broadest terms is what is spoken with the intent to convince someone to read a book.", "Book talk __knowledge__ Booktalks are traditionally conducted in a classroom setting for students; however, booktalks can be performed outside a school setting and with a variety of age groups as well.", "Book talk __knowledge__ It is not a book review, a book report, or a book analysis.", "Book talk __knowledge__ The booktalker gives the audience a glimpse of the setting, the characters, and/or the major conflict without providing the resolution or denouement.", "Book talk __knowledge__ Booktalks attempt to make listeners care enough about the content of the book to want to read it.", "Book talk __knowledge__ A long booktalk is usually about five to seven minutes long and a short booktalk is generally 180 seconds to 4 minutes long.", "MyFootballClub __knowledge__ MyFootballClub is an English Industrial and Provident Society that sought, starting in August 2007, to recruit at least 50,000 football enthusiasts from across the world to purchase an English association football club.", "MyFootballClub __knowledge__ MyFootballClub's premise is to allow its paid members to control the club through a democratic voting process conducted over the internet.", "MyFootballClub __knowledge__ Member voting includes matters both on the pitch, such as team selection and player transfers, and off the field, like what type of food to serve at the stadium.", "MyFootballClub __knowledge__ From 2008 to 2013, MyFootballClub owned 75% of Ebbsfleet United F.C.. With its purchase of a majority share of Ebbsfleet United, MyFootballClub became the first online community to fully run a professional sports club in history.", "Looking for Alaska __knowledge__ Looking for Alaska is John Green's first novel, published in March 2005 by Dutton Juvenile.", "Looking for Alaska __knowledge__ It won the 2006 Michael L. Printz Award from the American Library Association, and led the association's list of most-challenged books for 2015 due to profanity and sexually explicit scenes.", "Looking for Alaska __knowledge__ The story is told through teenager Miles \"Pudge\" Halter, as he enrolls at a boarding school to try to gain a deeper perspective on life, and was inspired by Green's experiences as a high school student.", "Looking for Alaska __knowledge__ He meets one student in particular, Alaska Young, who he falls in love with as she guides him through his own \"labyrinth of suffering.\"", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ Ebbsfleet United Football Club is an English football club based in Northfleet, Kent, that competes in the National League, the fifth tier of English football.", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ The team's home ground has been Stonebridge Road since its inception in 1946.", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ Before 2007, the club was called Gravesend & Northfleet.", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ Between 2008 and 2013, the club was owned by the web-based venture MyFootballClub, whose members voted on player transfers, budgets and ticket prices among other things instead of those decisions being made exclusively by the club's management and staff as at most other clubs.", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ Gravesend & Northfleet F.C.", "Ebbsfleet United F.C. __knowledge__ was formed in 1946, following the Second World War, after a merger between Gravesend United (originally formed in 1893) and Northfleet United (originally formed in 1890) with the new club retaining the red & white home colours (and the Stonebridge Road stadium) of Northfleet United.", "Patricia Hill Collins __knowledge__ Patricia Hill Collins (born May 1, 1948) is a Distinguished University Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park.", "Patricia Hill Collins __knowledge__ She is also the former head of the Department of African-American Studies at the University of Cincinnati, and a past President of the American Sociological Association Council.", "Patricia Hill Collins __knowledge__ Collins was the 100th president of the ASA and the first African-American woman to hold this position.", "Patricia Hill Collins __knowledge__ Collins's work primarily concerns issues involving feminism and gender within the African-American community.", "Patricia Hill Collins __knowledge__ She first came to national attention for her book \"\", originally published in 1990.", "Rainbow Valley __knowledge__ Rainbow Valley (1919) is the seventh book in the chronology of the \"Anne of Green Gables\" series by Lucy Maud Montgomery, although it was the fifth book published.", "Rainbow Valley __knowledge__ In this book Anne Shirley is married with six children, but the book focuses more on her new neighbor, the new Presbyterian minister John Meredith, as well as the interactions between Anne's and John Meredith's children.", "Rainbow Valley __knowledge__ The book is dedicated: \"To the memory of Goldwin Lapp, Robert Brookes and Morley Shier who made the supreme sacrifice that the happy valleys of their home land might be kept sacred from the ravage of the invader.\"", "Rainbow Valley __knowledge__ This refers to World War I, which is the main theme of the next and final book in the series, \"Rilla of Ingleside\".", "Amelia Peabody series __knowledge__ The Amelia Peabody series is a series of twenty historical mystery novels and one non-fiction companion volume written by Egyptologist Barbara Mertz (1927-2013) under the pen name Elizabeth Peters.", "Amelia Peabody series __knowledge__ The series is centered on the adventures of the unconventional female Egyptologist Amelia Peabody Emerson, for whom the series is named, and an ever-increasing number of family, friends, allies, and characters both fictional and based on historical figures.", "Amelia Peabody series __knowledge__ The novels blend mystery and romance with a wryly comic tone, and at times also parody Victorian-era adventure novels such as those written by H. Rider Haggard.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ The bibliography of George Orwell includes journalism, essays, novels and non-fiction books written by the British writer Eric Blair (1903–50), either under his own name or, more usually, under his pen name George Orwell.", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ Orwell was a prolific writer on topics related to contemporary English society and literary criticism, whom the British newsweekly \"The Economist\" in 2008 declared \"perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture.\"", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ His non-fiction cultural and political criticism constitutes the majority of his work, but Orwell also wrote in several genres of fictional literature.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Spanish Civil War.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ The Soviet Union, he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship, built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described \"Animal Farm\" as a satirical tale against Stalin (\"\"\"\"), and in his essay \"Why I Write\" (1946), wrote that \"Animal Farm\" was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, \"to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole\".", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ \"Politics and the English Language\" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticises the \"ugly and inaccurate\" written English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language.", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ The essay focuses on political language, which, according to Orwell, \"is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.\"", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ Orwell believed that the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless because it was intended to hide the truth rather than express it.", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ This unclear prose was a \"contagion\" which had spread to those who did not intend to hide the truth, and it concealed a writer's thoughts from himself and others.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Sonia Mary Brownell (25 August 1918 – 11 December 1980), better known as Sonia Orwell, was the second and last wife of writer George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur Blair.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Sonia is believed to be the model for Julia, the heroine of \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\".", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Brownell was born in Calcutta, the daughter of a British colonial official.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Her father died when she was four years old.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ When she was six, she was sent to the Sacred Heart Convent in Roehampton (now part of Roehampton University), in England.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ She left at 17 and, after learning French in Switzerland, took a secretarial course.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ As a young woman, Sonia Brownell was responsible for transcribing and editing the copy text for the first edition of the Winchester Malory as assistant to the eminent medievalist at Manchester University, Eugene Vinaver.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations in the Spanish Civil War.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The book was not published in the United States until February 1952, when it appeared with an influential preface by Lionel Trilling.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ A French translation by Yvonne Davet—with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes—in 1938–39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the British writer George Orwell, first published in 1937.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The first half of this work documents his sociological investigations of the bleak living conditions among the working class in Lancashire and Yorkshire in the industrial north of England before World War II.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The second half is a long essay on his middle-class upbringing, and the development of his political conscience, questioning British attitudes towards socialism.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ Orwell states plainly that he himself is in favour of socialism, but feels it necessary to point out reasons why many people who would benefit from socialism, and should logically support it, are in practice likely to be strong opponents." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 2 ]	[ " Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 ", "George Orwell.", "It showcases the set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation" ]	[ "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Nineteen Eighty-Four" ]
[ "Brewery", "Is it an interesting occupation?", "do you work on an assembly line type process?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Late works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ The radical change Franz Liszt's compositional style underwent in the last 20 years of his life was unprecedented in Western classical music.", "Late works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ The tradition of music had been one of unified progression, even to the extent of Johannes Brahms' First Symphony being known as \"Beethoven's Tenth\".", "Late works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Beethoven's own three periods of composition are monolithic and united.", "Late works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Liszt's, by comparison, seem deconstructivist.", "Late works of Franz Liszt __knowledge__ Replacing pages which in Liszt's earlier compositions had been thick with notes and virtuoso passages was a starkness where every note and rest was carefully weighed and calculated, while the works themselves become more experimental harmonically and formally.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ Romesh Thapar (1922–1987) was a left-wing Indian journalist and political commentator.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ A member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), Thapar was the founder-editor of the monthly journal \"Seminar,\" published from New Delhi, India.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ Thapar was born in Lahore (now in Pakistan) to a Punjabi trading family of the Khatri caste.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ He was the brother of Romila Thapar, the eminent historian.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ General Pran Nath Thapar, sometime Chief of Army Staff, was his father's brother, and the journalist Karan Thapar is his first cousin.", "Romesh Thapar __knowledge__ Thapar was also related distantly to the family of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ Al Harrington (born Tausau Ta'a on December 12, 1935) is an American television actor.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ He is best known for his role as \"Det.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ Ben Kokua\" on the CBS television series \"Hawaii Five-O\" and as Mamo Kahike on the 2010 reboot of \"Hawaii Five-0\" playing the owner of a surf shop and a bus driver in the off season.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ He had previously appeared in five episodes of the series as other characters.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ Al Harrington was raised by his maternal grandmother in the village of Mapusaga in Pago Pago until he was three.", "Al Harrington (actor) __knowledge__ His mother, Lela Suapaia, sent for him to join her while she was working as a nurse in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.", "William M. Feehan __knowledge__ William M. Feehan (September 29, 1929 – September 11, 2001) was a member of the Fire Department of New York who died during the collapse of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks.", "William M. Feehan __knowledge__ Feehan graduated from Saint John's University in 1952.", "William M. Feehan __knowledge__ Before his appointment to the FDNY, he served in the United States Army in Korea during the Korean War, during which he was decorated with the Combat Infantry Badge, Korean Service Medal, UN Service Medal and National Defense Service Medal.", "William M. Feehan __knowledge__ Feehan held every rank within the fire department, starting with Probationary Firefighter upon his appointment on October 10, 1959, and was the first firefighter to do so.", "List of Journey to the West characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the Chinese classical novel \"Journey to the West\", including those mentioned by name only.", "List of Journey to the West characters __knowledge__ The White Dragon Horse (白龍馬) is Tang Sanzang's steed and the third son of the Dragon King of the West Sea.", "List of Journey to the West characters __knowledge__ He once accidentally caused a fire that destroyed a pearl given to his father by the Jade Emperor, and was about to be executed for committing this offence when Guanyin appeared and pleaded for his life.", "List of Journey to the West characters __knowledge__ The dragon prince was spared from death and banished to Yingchou Stream (鷹愁澗) in Shepan Mountain (蛇盤山).", "List of Journey to the West characters __knowledge__ When Tang Sanzang is crossing the stream, the prince appears in the form of a gigantic white dragon and swallows Tang's white horse in one gulp.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The Eastern Lombard Grammar reflects the main features of Romance languages: the word order of Eastern Lombard is usually SVO, nouns are inflected in number, adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns, verbs are conjugated in tenses, aspects and moods and agree with the subject in number and person.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The case system is present only for the weak form of the pronoun.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ Eastern Lombard has always been a spoken language and, in spite of sporadic attempts to fix the main features in a written grammar, a unique canonical variety has never prevailed over the others.", "Eastern Lombard grammar __knowledge__ The present day situation sees a large number of varieties, roughly identifiable by the area where a particular variety is spoken (so, you may encounter a Bergamasque, Brescian, a Camunic variety, etc.).", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ Amelia Anne Kyambadde is a Ugandan politician.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She is the current Cabinet Minister of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives in the Ugandan Cabinet.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She has previously served as Cabinet Minister of Trade and Industry between 27 May 2011 and 6 June 2016.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She replaced Kahinda Otafiire, who was appointed Minister for Justice.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ Amelia Kyambadde is also the elected Member of Parliament (MP) for \"Mawokota County North\" in Mpigi District.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She was born in June 1955, to the late \"Serwano K. Kulubya\" and \"Mary Kafureka\", in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.", "Amelia Kyambadde __knowledge__ She relocated to Uganda, in 1959, at the age of four years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Brewers Retail Inc. (doing business as The Beer Store), is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada, founded in 1927.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Owned at its inception by a consortium of Ontario-based brewers, it currently operates as a unique open retail and wholesale system jointly owned by 30 Ontario-based brewers.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ Under this ownership model, all qualified brewers are free to list their products without discrimination and set their own selling prices.", "The Beer Store __knowledge__ These prices are subject only to basic LCBO price approval which must comply with legislated minimum and uniform pricing requirements.", "Pub __knowledge__ A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer (such as ale) and cider.", "Pub __knowledge__ It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British, Irish, Breton, New Zealand, Canadian, South African and Australian cultures.", "Pub __knowledge__ In many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community.", "Pub __knowledge__ In his 17th-century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as \"the heart of England\".", "Pub __knowledge__ Pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the tied house system in the 19th century.", "Pub __knowledge__ In 1393, King Richard II of England introduced legislation that pubs had to display a sign outdoors to make them easily visible for passing ale tasters, who would assess the quality of ale sold.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ They provide for 29 distinct liquor licenses granted to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and for the public warehousing and transport of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ General authority for the statutory and regulatory control of alcoholic beverages rests with the state government, particularly the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control overseen by the state's Attorney General.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ Under home rule, New Jersey law grants individual municipalities substantial discretion in passing ordinances regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their limits.", "Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The alcohol laws of Pennsylvania contain many peculiarities not found in other states, and are considered some of the strictest regulations in the United States.", "Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Pennsylvania is an alcoholic beverage control state.", "Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Spirits are to be sold only in the state owned Fine Wine and Good Spirits stores, which also sell wine, but not beer.", "Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania __knowledge__ Prices are generally the same throughout the state, but state stores may offer special discounts and sales, and county sales tax may cause the price to differ slightly.", "Alcohol laws of Pennsylvania __knowledge__ People under the age of 21 are allowed to enter Fine Wine and Good Spirits stores, contrary to popular belief, but only if accompanied by a parent or guardian.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ Westvleteren () is a brewery founded in 1838 at the Trappist Abbey of Saint Sixtus in Vleteren, Belgium.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery's three beers have acquired an international reputation for taste and quality, Westvleteren 12 being considered by some to be the best beer in the world.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ The beers are not brewed to normal commercial demands but are sold in small quantities weekly from the doors of the monastery itself to individual buyers on an advance-order basis.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ Trappist monks from the Mont des Cats monastery in France founded the St. Sixtus monastery in 1831.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ In 1838, brewing began at Westvleteren.", "Westvleteren Brewery __knowledge__ In 1850, some of the monks founded the Notre-Dame de Scourmont monastery, which also brews a Trappist beer called Chimay." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Assembly line __knowledge__ An assembly line is a manufacturing process (most of the time called a \"progressive assembly\") in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced.", "Assembly line __knowledge__ By mechanically moving the parts to the assembly work and moving the semi-finished assembly from work station to work station, a finished product can be assembled faster and with less labor than by having workers carry parts to a stationary piece for assembly.", "Assembly line __knowledge__ Assembly lines are common methods of assembling complex items such as automobiles and other transportation equipment, household appliances and electronic goods.", "Operations management __knowledge__ Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services.", "Operations management __knowledge__ It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements.", "Operations management __knowledge__ It is concerned with managing an entire production system which is the process that converts inputs (in the forms of raw materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services), as an asset or delivers a product or services.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ Duncan & Fraser was an Australian bodybuilding company that manufactured bodies for horse-drawn vehicles, trams and motor cars in Adelaide, South Australia.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ In January 1865, coach builder James Duncan and coach painter James Fraser formed Duncan & Fraser in Adelaide.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ In 1869 Duncan & Fraser began manufacturing velocipedes.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ Having initially operated out of premises at 37 Franklin Street, in January 1870 it moved to 42 Franklin Street.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ In 1873 Duncan & Fraser were commissioned to build two railway carriages for the Adelaide, Glenelg & Suburban Railway Company.", "Duncan & Fraser __knowledge__ In 1876 the Adelaide & Suburban Tramway Company imported Adelaide's first 20 horse-drawn trams from John Stephenson & Co, New York that were assembled by Duncan & Fraser.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia consists of 27 vehicle producers and over 640 component manufacturers.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The Malaysian automotive industry is the third largest in Southeast Asia, and the 23rd largest in the world, with an annual production output of over 500,000 vehicles.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry contributes 4% or RM 40 billion to Malaysia's GDP, and employs a workforce of over 700,000 throughout a nationwide ecosystem.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia traces its origins back to the British Malayan colonial era.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ Ford Malaya became the first automobile assembly plant in Southeast Asia upon its establishment in Singapore in 1926.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States.", "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) __knowledge__ Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ An inverted-F antenna is a type of antenna used in wireless communication.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ It consists of a monopole antenna running parallel to a ground plane and grounded at one end.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ The antenna is fed from an intermediate point a distance from the grounded end.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ The design has two advantages over a simple monopole: the antenna is shorter and more compact, and the impedance matching can be controlled by the designer without the need for extraneous matching components.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ The inverted-F antenna was first conceived in the 1950s as a bent-wire antenna.", "Inverted-F antenna __knowledge__ However, its most widespread use is as a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) in mobile wireless devices for its space saving properties.", "North West England __knowledge__ North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside.", "North West England __knowledge__ The North West had a population of 7,052,000 in 2011.", "North West England __knowledge__ It is the third most populated region in the United Kingdom after the South East and Greater London.", "North West England __knowledge__ North West England is bounded to the east by the Pennines and to the west by the Irish Sea.", "North West England __knowledge__ The region extends from the Scottish Borders in the north to the West Midlands region in the south.", "North West England __knowledge__ To its southwest is North Wales.", "North West England __knowledge__ Amongst the better known of the North West's physiographical features are the Lake District and the Cheshire Plain.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Pearl Brewing Company (also known as the Pearl Brewery or just Pearl) was an American brewery, established in 1883 in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing, on a contract basis, and closing all of its breweries.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Ft. Worth, Texas facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures, Inc., which has made the property the crown jewel in revitalization efforts of southern Midtown and northern Downtown San Antonio.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast.", "Brewing __knowledge__ It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or by a variety of traditional methods such as communally by the indigenous peoples in Brazil when making cauim.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations including ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia brewed beer.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been part of most western economies.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 6 ]	[ "I work at a Brewery. We make and sell beer.", "Yes, brewing initially took place at home. Now in modern times there are larger breweries with 8 to 10 workers, which makes it more fun.", "No, I do financial services for the company, but there are distinct sections of a brewery, and each are reserved for a different part of the brewing process." ]	[ "Brewery", "Brewery", "Brewery" ]
[ "Ford F-Series\nI like Ford F Series Trucks. Sometimes they have the older ones in the auto shows ", "They have been manufactured by the Ford Motor Company Since 1958.", "The Ford F-Series is quite popular. It has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1986 and the best-selling pickup since 1977", "As of the 2018 model year, the F-Series generates $41.0 billion in annual revenue for Ford, making the F-Series brand more valuable than Coca-Cola and Nike" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ The Ford E-Series (also known as the Ford Econoline and Ford Club Wagon throughout various stages of its production) is a range of full-size vans produced by the American automaker Ford since 1960.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1961 model year as the replacement for the Ford F-Series panel van, four generations of the model line have been produced.", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ In addition to cargo van and passenger van body styles, the Ford E-Series has been produced as a cutaway van chassis and stripped chassis (a chassis without bodywork).", "Ford E-Series __knowledge__ With a 56-year production run, the Ford E-Series is the second longest-produced nameplate by Ford worldwide; only the Ford F-Series (1948–present) has been produced longer.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full -size pickup truck line from 1960 until 2000 in the United States, from 1965 to 2000 in Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The Ram pickup (formerly the Dodge Ram pickup) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group LLC) and marketed as of 2011 onwards under the Ram Trucks brand.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Previously, Ram was part of the Dodge line of light trucks.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The name \"Ram\" was first used in 1932-1954 Dodge Trucks, then returned on the redesigned 1981 Ram and Power Ram, following the retiring and rebadging of the Dodge D Series pickup trucks as well as B-series vans.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Ram trucks have been named \"Motor Trend\" magazine's Truck of the Year five times; the second-generation Ram won the award in 1994, the third-generation Ram \"Heavy Duty\" won the award in 2003, the fourth-generation Ram Heavy Duty won in 2010 and the current Ram 1500 won in 2013 and 2014." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Lincoln Continental is a series of luxury cars produced by Lincoln, a division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ First introduced in 1939 as a coachbuilt convertible for Edsel Ford, the Continental nameplate has been in use by Lincoln across ten generations of vehicles for various times over nearly 80 years.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Continental nameplate is derived from the original 1939 convertible, intended to adapt European \"continental\" exterior styling elements to the body and chassis of the Lincoln-Zephyr.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ Following its launch, the Lincoln Continental would become the progenitor of an entirely new automotive segment, the personal luxury car.", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ The Continental Mark series is a series of personal luxury cars that were marketed by the Lincoln-Mercury division of Ford Motor Company under various nameplates, including the short-lived Continental Division.", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ The Mark Series was marketed from 1956 to 1960 and from 1968 to 1998, always serving as the flagship of Ford Motor Company in North America.", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ Initially existing as the product line of the Continental Division, the Continental Mark series became part of the Lincoln-Mercury Division in 1958; from that point the line remained badged only as a \"Continental\" without Lincoln badging until the end of the 1985 model year.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford Motor Company is an American automaker and the world's fifth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by Henry Ford, on June 16, 1903.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford Motor Company would go on to become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 110 years.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford now encompasses two brands: Ford and Lincoln.", "History of Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford once owned 5 other luxury brands: Volvo, Land Rover, Jaguar, Aston Martin and Mercury.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The Lincoln Motor Company (also known simply as Lincoln) is a division of the Ford Motor Company that sells luxury vehicles under the Lincoln brand.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, Lincoln became a subsidiary of Ford in 1922, but is now a division of Ford.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ While currently sold primarily in North America, Ford introduced the Lincoln brand to China in 2014.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Lincoln vehicles are also officially sold in the Middle East and South Korea.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The current Lincoln model range in North America consists of two sedans (Continental and MKZ), three crossover utility vehicles (MKC, MKT, and MKX), and a sport utility vehicle (Navigator/Navigator L).", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is a museum and former factory located within the Milwaukee Junction area of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ Built in 1904, it was the second center of automobile production for the Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ The company assembled several car models at this factory, including the Ford Model T, which was created there and first produced there starting in 1908.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ Early experiments using a moving assembly line to make cars were also conducted there.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ It was also the first factory where more than 100 cars were assembled in one day.", "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant __knowledge__ While it was based at the Piquette Avenue Plant, Ford Motor Company became the biggest US-based automaker, and it would remain so until the mid-1920s.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Marketed as an entry-level premium brand for nearly its entire existence, Mercury was created in 1938 by Edsel Ford.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the price gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the same role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation (following the end of DeSoto and the creation of Imperial).", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Although the initial Mercury Eight was a distinct design, for much of the existence of the division, Ford would rely on common underpinnings (from Ford or Lincoln, or both) to save on development costs.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full -size pickup truck line from 1960 until 2000 in the United States, from 1965 to 2000 in Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed.", "Four-wheel drive __knowledge__ Four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 (\"four by four\") or 4WD, refers a two-axled vehicle with a drivetrain capable of providing torque to all its wheels simultaneously.", "Four-wheel drive __knowledge__ It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive-shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges.", "Four-wheel drive __knowledge__ A four-wheeled vehicle with torque supplied to both axles is described as \"all-wheel drive\" (AWD).", "Four-wheel drive __knowledge__ However, \"four-wheel drive\" typically refers to a set of specific components and functions, and/or intended offroad application, which generally complies with modern use of the terminology.", "Ford F-650 __knowledge__ The Ford F-650/F-750 Super Duty are medium-duty commercial trucks produced by Ford since 2000.", "Ford F-650 __knowledge__ Prior to 2014, the trucks were produced in a joint venture between Ford and Navistar International.", "Ford F-650 __knowledge__ The replacement for the 1980-1998 F-600, F-700, and F-800, the F-650 and F-750 Super Duty are Class 6-7 medium-duty trucks, competing against the Freightliner Business Class M2 and the International Durastar.", "Ford F-650 __knowledge__ The 650/750 series is a class 7 (26-36 thousand lb GVWR) truck .", "Ford F-650 __knowledge__ Since 2011, the heavy-duty versions of the F-750 reach the Class 8 range , giving Ford its first truck in that range since the discontinuation of the L-Series in 1998.", "Ford F-Series (ninth generation) __knowledge__ The ninth generation Ford F-Series is a line of full-size and medium-duty commercial trucks that were produced by Ford from 1991 to 1997.", "Ford F-Series (ninth generation) __knowledge__ While still based on the basic design dating from late 1979 (for the 1980 model year), the 1992 F-Series brought a number of minor changes to the exterior and interior (where most enthusiasts consider this a facelift for the same existing truck that first appeared in 1979 as a 1980 model instead of a redesign).", "Ford F-Series (ninth generation) __knowledge__ This is the last generation of the F-Series that was produced as a complete range of trucks from a half-ton pickup (F-150) to a medium-duty Class 6 truck (F-250 and above).", "Navistar International __knowledge__ Navistar International Corporation (formerly International Harvester Company) is an American holding company, that owns the manufacturer of International brand commercial trucks, IC Bus school and commercial buses, Workhorse brand chassis for motor homes and step vans, and is a private label designer and manufacturer of diesel engines for the pickup truck, van, and SUV markets.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ The company is also a provider of truck and diesel engine parts and service.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ Headquartered in Lisle, Illinois, Navistar has 16,500 employees and a 2013 annual revenue of $10.775 billion.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ The company's products, parts, and services are sold through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries throughout the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company from 1983 to 2012 model years for North America; from 1997 to 2011, a version was also manufactured and sold in South America.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Introduced to replace the Ford Courier produced in Japan by Mazda, the Ranger was produced in two distinct generations.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ While introduced a year after the Chevrolet S-10, the Ranger would go on to become the best-selling compact truck in the United States from 1987 to 2004.", "Ford Ranger (North America) __knowledge__ Over its production life, the chassis and underpinnings of the Ranger would be used for various compact Ford trucks, most commonly as sport-utility vehicles.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Ford Bronco is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV, predating the term SUV) manufactured and marketed by Ford from 1966 to 1996, over five generations of vehicles.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Ford has described plans to reintroduce the Bronco in 2020.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ The Bronco was introduced in 1966 as a competitor to the small four-wheel-drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout; it was built on its own platform.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ A major redesign in 1978 enlarged the Bronco, using a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with the similarly adapted Chevy K5 Blazer and the Dodge Ramcharger.", "Ford Bronco __knowledge__ Most Broncos are equipped with a swing-away spare tire carrier on the outside of the rear door.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ A pickup truck is a light duty truck having an enclosed cab and an open cargo area with low sides and tailgate.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ Once a work tool with few creature comforts, in the 1950s consumers began purchasing pickups for lifestyle reasons and by the 1990s less than 15 percent of owners reported use in work as the pickup truck's primary purpose.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ Today in North America, the pickup is mostly used like a passenger car and accounts for about 18 per cent of total vehicles sold in the US.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ The term pickup is of unknown origin.", "Pickup truck __knowledge__ It was used by Studebaker in 1913 and by the 1930s \"pick-up\" (hyphenated) had become the standard term.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Lincoln Continental is a series of luxury cars produced by Lincoln, a division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ First introduced in 1939 as a coachbuilt convertible for Edsel Ford, the Continental nameplate has been in use by Lincoln across ten generations of vehicles for various times over nearly 80 years.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ The Continental nameplate is derived from the original 1939 convertible, intended to adapt European \"continental\" exterior styling elements to the body and chassis of the Lincoln-Zephyr.", "Lincoln Continental __knowledge__ Following its launch, the Lincoln Continental would become the progenitor of an entirely new automotive segment, the personal luxury car.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Mercury is a defunct division of the American automobile manufacturer Ford Motor Company.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Marketed as an entry-level premium brand for nearly its entire existence, Mercury was created in 1938 by Edsel Ford.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Forming half of the Lincoln-Mercury Division, the brand was intended to bridge the price gap between the Ford and Lincoln vehicle lines.", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ In a similar context, Buick and Oldsmobile played the same role within General Motors while the Chrysler Division did so within Chrysler Corporation (following the end of DeSoto and the creation of Imperial).", "Mercury (automobile) __knowledge__ Although the initial Mercury Eight was a distinct design, for much of the existence of the division, Ford would rely on common underpinnings (from Ford or Lincoln, or both) to save on development costs.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The Lincoln Motor Company (also known simply as Lincoln) is a division of the Ford Motor Company that sells luxury vehicles under the Lincoln brand.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, Lincoln became a subsidiary of Ford in 1922, but is now a division of Ford.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ While currently sold primarily in North America, Ford introduced the Lincoln brand to China in 2014.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ Lincoln vehicles are also officially sold in the Middle East and South Korea.", "Lincoln Motor Company __knowledge__ The current Lincoln model range in North America consists of two sedans (Continental and MKZ), three crossover utility vehicles (MKC, MKT, and MKX), and a sport utility vehicle (Navigator/Navigator L).", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ The Continental Mark series is a series of personal luxury cars that were marketed by the Lincoln-Mercury division of Ford Motor Company under various nameplates, including the short-lived Continental Division.", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ The Mark Series was marketed from 1956 to 1960 and from 1968 to 1998, always serving as the flagship of Ford Motor Company in North America.", "Lincoln Mark series __knowledge__ Initially existing as the product line of the Continental Division, the Continental Mark series became part of the Lincoln-Mercury Division in 1958; from that point the line remained badged only as a \"Continental\" without Lincoln badging until the end of the 1985 model year.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century.", "Henry Ford __knowledge__ His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks (Class 2-7) that have been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ While most variants of the F-Series trucks are full-size pickup trucks, the F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series has been the best-selling vehicle in the United States since 1981 and the best-selling pickup since 1977.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ It is also the best selling vehicle in Canada.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ In 1999, to bridge the gap between the pickup line and the medium-duty trucks, the F-250 and F-350 became the Ford Super Duty vehicles; considered an expansion of the F-Series, the Super Duty trucks are built on a distinct chassis with heavier-duty components.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ As of the 2017 model year, the F-Series includes the F-150, the Super Duty (F-250 through F-550), and F-650 and F-750 Super Duty medium-duty commercial trucks.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ The most popular version of the F-Series is the F-150, now in its thirteenth generation.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ Through the use of rebadging, Ford has marketed the F-Series through all three Ford divisions in North America.", "Ford F-Series __knowledge__ From 1946 to 1968, Mercury sold the Mercury M-Series in Canada; during the 2000s, Lincoln sold the Lincoln Blackwood, replaced by the Lincoln Mark LT.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition is the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing body and mechanical components.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Currently in its third model generation, a fourth-generation Ford Expedition is slated to enter production for the 2018 model year.", "Ford Expedition __knowledge__ Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion.", "Chevrolet Suburban __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Suburban is a full-size, extended-length sport utility vehicle from Chevrolet.", "Chevrolet Suburban __knowledge__ It is the longest continuous use automobile nameplate in production, starting in 1935 for the 1935 U.S. model year, and has traditionally been one of General Motors' most profitable vehicles.", "Chevrolet Suburban __knowledge__ The 1935 first generation Carryall Suburban was one of the first production all-metal bodied station wagons.", "Chevrolet Suburban __knowledge__ The Suburban has been produced under the Chevrolet, Holden, Plymouth and GMC marques until the GMC version was rebranded as the GMC Yukon XL.", "Chevrolet Suburban __knowledge__ For most of its recent history, the Suburban has been a station wagon-bodied version of the Chevrolet pickup truck, including the Chevrolet C/K and Silverado series of truck-based vehicles.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ Originally intended as a patent medicine, it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The drink's name refers to two of its original ingredients, which were kola nuts (a source of caffeine) and coca leaves.", "Coca-Cola __knowledge__ The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ Navistar International Corporation (formerly International Harvester Company) is an American holding company, that owns the manufacturer of International brand commercial trucks, IC Bus school and commercial buses, Workhorse brand chassis for motor homes and step vans, and is a private label designer and manufacturer of diesel engines for the pickup truck, van, and SUV markets.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ The company is also a provider of truck and diesel engine parts and service.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ Headquartered in Lisle, Illinois, Navistar has 16,500 employees and a 2013 annual revenue of $10.775 billion.", "Navistar International __knowledge__ The company's products, parts, and services are sold through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries throughout the world.", "The Coca-Cola Company __knowledge__ The Coca-Cola Company, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, but incorporated in Wilmington, Delaware, is an American multinational beverage corporation, and manufacturer, retailer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups.", "The Coca-Cola Company __knowledge__ The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia.", "The Coca-Cola Company __knowledge__ The Coca-Cola formula and brand were bought in 1889 by Asa Griggs Candler (December 30, 1851 – March 12, 1929), who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892.", "The Coca-Cola Company __knowledge__ The company has operated a franchised distribution system since 1889, wherein The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold exclusive territories.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ The Ford F-Series Super Duty (often shortened to Ford Super Duty) is a series of trucks manufactured by Ford Motor Company.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Introduced in 1998 for the 1999 model year, the F-Series Super Duty trucks marked the addition of a heavy-duty pickup to the Ford F-Series range, including the F-250 and F-350 pickups; the previous 1987–1997 F-Super Duty chassis cabs were replaced by the F-450 and F-550 Super Duty.", "Ford Super Duty __knowledge__ Distinguished from the F-150 by its separate bodywork, the Super Duty trucks utilize a distinct chassis from the F-150 with heavier-duty chassis and suspension components to allow for higher payload and towing capacities; additionally, the product line continued the use of Ford PowerStroke diesel engines.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The Ram pickup (formerly the Dodge Ram pickup) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group LLC) and marketed as of 2011 onwards under the Ram Trucks brand.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Previously, Ram was part of the Dodge line of light trucks.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ The name \"Ram\" was first used in 1932-1954 Dodge Trucks, then returned on the redesigned 1981 Ram and Power Ram, following the retiring and rebadging of the Dodge D Series pickup trucks as well as B-series vans.", "Ram Pickup __knowledge__ Ram trucks have been named \"Motor Trend\" magazine's Truck of the Year five times; the second-generation Ram won the award in 1994, the third-generation Ram \"Heavy Duty\" won the award in 2003, the fourth-generation Ram Heavy Duty won in 2010 and the current Ram 1500 won in 2013 and 2014.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The C/K was Chevrolet and GMC's full -size pickup truck line from 1960 until 2000 in the United States, from 1965 to 2000 in Canada, from 1964 to 2001 in Brazil, and from 1975 to 1982 in Chile.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The first Chevrolet pickup truck was introduced in 1924, though in-house designs did not appear until 1930.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ \"C\" indicated two-wheel drive and \"K\" indicated four-wheel drive.", "Chevrolet C/K __knowledge__ The aging C/K light-duty pickup truck was replaced with the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra names in 1999 in the United States and Canada, and 2001 in Brazil; the Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD heavy-duty pickup trucks followed.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Bedford Vehicles __knowledge__ Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle produced by Vauxhall Motors, which was ultimately owned by General Motors (GM).", "Bedford Vehicles __knowledge__ Established in 1930 and constructing commercial vehicles, Bedford Vehicles was a leading international lorry brand, with substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world.", "Bedford Vehicles __knowledge__ It was GM Europe's most profitable venture for several years.", "Bedford Vehicles __knowledge__ Bedford's core heavy trucks business was divested by GM as AWD Ltd in 1987, whilst the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs.", "Smith Electric Vehicles __knowledge__ Smith Electric Vehicles (also known as Smith's) is a manufacturer of zero emission commercial electric vehicles.", "Smith Electric Vehicles __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1920 in the North of England but in 2011 moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri, USA.", "Smith Electric Vehicles __knowledge__ Smith manufactures the largest range of zero-emission commercial electric vehicles in the world, with gross vehicle weights (GVWs) from 3,500 kg – 12,000 kg.", "Smith Electric Vehicles __knowledge__ It was formerly based in Washington, Tyne and Wear, Smith produces vehicles for the European Canadian, European, South-East Asia and US markets.", "Smith Electric Vehicles __knowledge__ It was formerly part of The Tanfield Group plc, which trades on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 2, 4 ]	[ "Yes I love the F-Series because it is a series of light-duty trucks and medium-duty trucks ", "Yes I agree with you been marketed and manufactured by Ford Motor Company since 1948.", "Ah I agree, another interesting fact is F-Series also includes chassis cab trucks and commercial vehicles", "Don't over look that other countries love it too as it is also the best selling vehicle in Canada." ]	[ "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series", "Ford F-Series" ]
[ "Boiled egg", "Well i love some omelette, i hate eggs when the yolk its soft and still liquid, you seem to know a lot about eggs!", "I love eggs, they are present in daily preparations like pasta, pizza dough, but what recipe can you make with eggs for lunch?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "Egg __knowledge__ An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.", "Egg __knowledge__ An egg results from fertilization of an ovum.", "Egg __knowledge__ Most arthropods, vertebrates, and mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions and most mammals, do not.", "Egg __knowledge__ Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water, and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible.", "Egg __knowledge__ Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows.", "Egg __knowledge__ When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e.", "Yolk __knowledge__ Among those animals which produce one, the yolk (also known as the vitellus) is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo.", "Yolk __knowledge__ Some kinds of egg contain no yolk, for example because they are laid in situations where the food supply is adequate (such as in the body of the host of a parasitoid) or because the embryo develops in the parent's body, which supplies the food, usually through a placenta.", "Yolk __knowledge__ Reproductive systems in which the mother's body supplies the embryo directly are said to be matrotrophic; those in which the embryo is supplied by yolk are said to be lecithotrophic.", "Fried egg __knowledge__ A fried egg is a cooked dish commonly made using a fresh hen's egg, fried whole with minimal accompaniment.", "Fried egg __knowledge__ Fried eggs are traditionally eaten for breakfast in English-speaking countries but may also be served at other times of the day.", "Fried egg __knowledge__ Fried eggs (') are a crucial part of such traditional German dishes as ' (the egg is fried on one side with an unbroken yolk, and served \"sunny side up\" atop an open ham sandwich) or ' / ' / \"Fernfahrerschnitzel\" (\"trucker's schnitzel\") – a similarly prepared fried egg served on a \"\".", "Fried egg __knowledge__ Fried eggs over (or side-by-side with) pan-fried potatoes is another common dish, sometimes served with spinach as a third component of the meal.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Eggnog , egg nog or egg-nog, historically also known (when alcoholic beverages are added) as milk punch or egg milk punch, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, dairy-based beverage.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ It is traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, whipped egg whites, and egg yolks (which gives it a frothy texture, and its name).", "Eggnog __knowledge__ In some contexts, distilled spirits such as brandy, rum, whisky or bourbon are added to the drink.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Throughout Canada and the United States, eggnog is traditionally consumed over Christmas season every year, from late November until the end of the holiday season.", "Eggnog __knowledge__ Eggnog has also gained popularity in Australia.", "Dinosaur egg __knowledge__ Dinosaur eggs are the organic vessels in which a dinosaur embryo develops.", "Dinosaur egg __knowledge__ When the first scientifically documented remains of dinosaurs were being described in England during the 1820s, it was presumed that dinosaurs had laid eggs because they were reptiles.", "Dinosaur egg __knowledge__ In 1859, the first scientifically documented dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in France by Jean-Jacques Poech, although they were mistaken for giant bird eggs.", "Dinosaur egg __knowledge__ The first scientifically recognized dinosaur egg fossils were discovered in 1923 by an American Museum of Natural History crew in Mongolia.", "Dinosaur egg __knowledge__ Since then many new nesting sites have been found all over the world and a system of classification based on the structure of eggshell was developed in China before gradually diffusing into the West.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ Balut (spelled standardized as balot) is a developing bird embryo (usually a duck) that is boiled and eaten from the shell.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ It originated from and is commonly sold as street food in the Philippines.", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ Often served with beer, balut is popular in Southeast Asian countries, such as Laos (\"khai look\" ໄຂ່ລູກ in Lao), Cambodia (\"pong tia koun\" ពងទាកូន in Khmer), Thailand (\"Khai Khao\" in Thai) and Vietnam (\"trứng vịt lộn\" or \"hột vịt lộn\" in Vietnamese).", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ The Tagalog and Malay word \"balot\" means \"wrapped\".", "Balut (food) __knowledge__ The length of incubation before the egg is cooked is a matter of local preference, but generally ranges between 14 and 21 days." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while for a soft-boiled egg the yolk, and sometimes the white, remain at least partially liquid.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ A few different methods are used to make boiled eggs other than simply immersing them in boiling water.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, via coddling, or they can be steamed.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ The egg timer was named due to its common usage in timing the boiling of eggs.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food in many countries around the world.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ There are variations both in degree of cooking and in the method of how eggs are boiled, and a variety of kitchen gadgets for eggs exist.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ These variations include: Chef Heston Blumenthal, after \"relentless trials\", published a formula for \"the perfect boiled egg\" that explains how much water to use, how much time to cook and how much time to rest the egg.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ Soft-boiled eggs are not recommended for people who may be susceptible to salmonella, such as very young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.", "Boiled egg __knowledge__ To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs can be pasteurised in shell at 57 ºC for an hour and 15 minutes.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pasta () is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine, with the first reference dating to 1154 in Sicily.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Also commonly used to refer to the variety of pasta dishes, pasta is typically a noodle made from an unleavened dough of a durum wheat flour mixed with water or eggs and formed into sheets or various shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking.", "Pasta __knowledge__ As an alternative for those wanting a different taste, or who need to avoid products containing gluten, some pastas can be made using rice flour in place of wheat.", "Pasta __knowledge__ Pastas may be divided into two broad categories, dried (\"pasta secca\") and fresh (\"pasta fresca\").", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Neapolitan cuisine has ancient historical roots that date back to the Greco-Roman period, which was enriched over the centuries by the influence of the different cultures that controlled Naples and its kingdoms, such as that of Aragon and France.", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ Since Naples was the capital of the Kingdom of Naples, its cuisine took much from the culinary traditions of all the Campania region, reaching a balance between dishes based on rural ingredients (pasta, vegetables, cheese) and seafood dishes (fish, crustaceans, mollusks).", "Neapolitan cuisine __knowledge__ A vast variety of recipes is influenced by the local aristocratic cuisine, such as \"timballo\" and the \"\", pasta or rice dishes with very elaborate preparation, and dishes from popular traditions prepared with inexpensive but nutritionally healthy ingredients, like \"pasta e fagioli\" (pasta with beans) and other pasta dishes with vegetables.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos).", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail are also eaten.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Fish eggs are called roe and caviar.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery.", "Egg as food __knowledge__ Due to their protein content, the United States Department of Agriculture categorizes eggs as \"Meats\" within the Food Guide Pyramid.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences." ] ]	[ 2, 6, 1 ]	[ "I love boiled eggs, especially hard-boiled ones, cooked so the egg white and yolk solidify. I don't really like soft-boiled egg, with the liquid yolk. How about you?", "I am an eggspert, lol! Eggs are so versatile and eaten for breakfast around the world.! Omelettes are good too.", "You could boil the egg in its shell, unbroken and then peel and mash it. Then put it between two pieces of bread." ]	[ "Boiled egg", "Boiled egg", "Boiled egg" ]
[ "Lifeguard\nI work as a lifeguard at the beach.", "I worked at a pool.", "Lifeguard", "Yes, I had to pass a swim test to be a lifeguard." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Tuen Mun District () is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Its name was previously 'Tsing Shan' and it changed in the 1970s.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It is the westernmost continental district of Hong Kong, located about 32 km from the Kowloon Peninsula, 7 km southwest of Yuen Long and 18 km west of Tsuen Wan.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It had a population of 488,831 in 2001.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town, which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ According to Old history book of Tang dynasty ( Chinese traditional; ) Tuen Mun was a major trading port, and there were garrison soldiers defenced in the area as early as Tang dynasty ( A.D. 618--AD.", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitchell \"Mitch\" Buchannon is a fictional character from the television series \"Baywatch\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He was played by David Hasselhoff in every season of \"Baywatch\" and \"Baywatch Nights\" plus in the first season of \"Baywatch Hawaii\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He also appeared in three films, \"\" (1995), \"\" (1998) and \"\" (2003).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitch was the main character from the series premiere of \"Baywatch\" in 1989 to the penultimate season of \"Baywatch: Hawaii\" in 2000, when David Hasselhoff decided to leave the series as an actor (though he retained his position as executive producer).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ As the years progressed, Mitch increasingly served as a mentor and father figure to many of the younger lifeguards at Baywatch headquarters, helping them in work-related matters, and also issues in their personal lives.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong has a long coastline that is full of twists and turns with many bays and beaches.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Many of them are well sheltered by mountains nearby, as Hong Kong is a mountainous place.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ As a result, large waves seldom appear at the bays, making them suitable for human swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ However, with the increasing development and urbanisation of Hong Kong, water quality has worsened resulting in the closure of several beaches previously suitable for swimming.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ These include Approach Beach, Ting Kau Beach, Anglers' Beach, Gemini Beaches, Hoi Mei Wan Beach, Casam Beach and Lido Beach in Tsuen Wan.", "Beaches of Hong Kong __knowledge__ In 2011, Lido Beach, Casam Beach, Approach Beach and Hoi Mei Wan Beach were reopened following an improvement in water quality.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Gregory J. Bonann (born June 28, 1952) is an American lifeguard, television producer, director, writer, and showrunner.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ He is best known for co-creating the internationally syndicated television series, \"Baywatch\", which ran for eleven seasons (242 episodes), and was listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the most widely viewed TV series in the world.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ His later work includes the syndicated action drama, SAF3, and A Chance For Children, a charitable foundation that benefits homeless and at-risk youth.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Bonann was born in Santa Monica, California, to Catholic parents Regina (née Caput), a bank teller, and Louis John Bonann, a physician and veteran of World War II.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard (commonly referred to by its original name, \"National Lifeguard Service\" or \"NLS\") is \"the standard measure of lifeguard performance in Canada\".", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ All lifeguards and assistant lifeguards are certified by the Royal Lifesaving Society of Canada.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard certification builds on the fundamental skills, knowledge and values of the Lifesaving Society to develop the practical skills and knowledge required by lifeguards.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard education is designed to develop a sound understanding of lifeguarding principles, good judgment and a mature and responsible attitude toward the role of the lifeguard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships.", "Swimming pool __knowledge__ In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.", "Swimming pool sanitation __knowledge__ Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools, hot tubs, plunge pools, and similar recreational water venues.", "Swimming pool sanitation __knowledge__ Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases.", "Swimming pool sanitation __knowledge__ Sanitation methods include a water filter to remove pollutants, disinfection to kill infectious microorganisms, swimmer hygiene to minimize the introduction of contaminants into pool water, and regular testing of pool water, including chlorine and pH levels.", "Swimming pool sanitation __knowledge__ The World Health Organization has published international guidelines for the safety of swimming pools and similar recreational-water environments, including standards for minimizing microbial and chemical hazards.", "Automated pool cleaner __knowledge__ An automated pool cleaner is a vacuum cleaner intended to collect debris and sediment from swimming pools with minimal human intervention.", "Automated pool cleaner __knowledge__ Popularly dubbed a \"creepy-crawly\" or \"Kreepy Krauly\" in South Africa, it is one of several types of swimming pool vacuum cleaners.", "Automated pool cleaner __knowledge__ Other major types are battery-powered or manually powered wands effective only for very small pools, kiddie or wading pools and small spas and hot tubs, and battery-powered, handheld/extended reach pool and spa vacuums.", "Automated pool cleaner __knowledge__ The latter are powered by rechargeable batteries and can be hand held attached to a telescopic pole used for extended reach.", "Cleveland Convention Center (demolished) __knowledge__ The Cleveland Convention Center was a convention center located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.", "Cleveland Convention Center (demolished) __knowledge__ Built by the city of Cleveland beneath the Cleveland Mall adjacent to Public Auditorium, it was completed in 1964.", "Cleveland Convention Center (demolished) __knowledge__ Plans for the convention center were first made in 1956, but voters twice rejected initiatives to fund construction before approving a bond levy in November 1963.", "Cleveland Convention Center (demolished) __knowledge__ A local private foundation donated several million dollars to beautify the mall atop the convention center with a reflecting pool and fountains.", "Cleveland Convention Center (demolished) __knowledge__ Construction was plagued by issues with ground water, protests, strikes, and cost overruns.", "Fukushima Daiichi units 4, 5 and 6 __knowledge__ When the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster began on 11 March 2011, reactor unit 4, 5 and 6 were all shut down.", "Fukushima Daiichi units 4, 5 and 6 __knowledge__ An explosion damaged the unit 4 four days after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Damages from the earthquake and tsunami on unit 5 and 6 are relatively minor.", "Fukushima Daiichi units 4, 5 and 6 __knowledge__ The unit 4 was shut down and all fuel rods had been transferred to the spent fuel pool on an upper floor of the reactor building.", "Fukushima Daiichi units 4, 5 and 6 __knowledge__ On 15 March, an explosion damaged the fourth floor rooftop area of the unit 4 reactor; the source of the explosion is still unknown, although it is speculated to be due to hydrogen generation in the spent fuel pool.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ Virtual Pool is a 3D, first-person sports simulation video game series featuring computer simulations of various cue sports made by Celeris.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ The games in the series simulate pool as well as snooker and carom billiards.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ The \"Virtual Pool\" series focuses on accurate simulation, and improving the player's ability real-life ability to play the sport.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ \"Virtual Pool\" releases are sold with a guarantee to improve the game of the player, or money back.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ The series is not to be confused with Virtual Soccer, which was made by Hudson Soft.", "Virtual Pool __knowledge__ The principal selling point of the \"Virtual Pool\" series games is that they were designed and tested not only by programmers, but also by physicists and professional players.", "Pool of Radiance __knowledge__ Pool of Radiance is a role-playing video game developed and published by Strategic Simulations, Inc (SSI) in 1988.", "Pool of Radiance __knowledge__ It was the first adaptation of TSR's \"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\" (\"AD&D\") fantasy role-playing game for home computers, becoming the first episode in a four-part series of \"D&D\" computer adventure games.", "Pool of Radiance __knowledge__ The other games in the \"Gold Box\" series used the game engine pioneered in \"Pool of Radiance\", as did later \"D&D\" titles such as the \"Neverwinter Nights\" online game.", "Pool of Radiance __knowledge__ \"Pool of Radiance\" takes place in the Forgotten Realms fantasy setting, with the action centered in and around the port city of Phlan.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Gregory J. Bonann (born June 28, 1952) is an American lifeguard, television producer, director, writer, and showrunner.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ He is best known for co-creating the internationally syndicated television series, \"Baywatch\", which ran for eleven seasons (242 episodes), and was listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the most widely viewed TV series in the world.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ His later work includes the syndicated action drama, SAF3, and A Chance For Children, a charitable foundation that benefits homeless and at-risk youth.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Bonann was born in Santa Monica, California, to Catholic parents Regina (née Caput), a bank teller, and Louis John Bonann, a physician and veteran of World War II.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Swimming lessons is the process of learning to swim.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ In most countries there is a definition of a number of swimming levels that is reached in the process of the curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ The respective certificates of swimming tests are required for further training in aquatic abilities.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Many countries have defined a minimum swimming level that children should reach by the end of primary education, in most cases with the help of school swimming classes being part of the normal curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children are often given swimming lessons, which serve to develop swimming technique and confidence.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children were traditionally viewed not to be able to swim independently until 4 years of age, but infant swimming lessons are now recommended to prevent drowning.", "Bruce Hopkins (surf lifesaver) __knowledge__ Bruce \"Hoppo\" Hopkins (born 12 November 1968) is a professional lifeguard and head of the Waverley Council lifeguards based in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney.", "Bruce Hopkins (surf lifesaver) __knowledge__ He can be seen on the factual television series \"Bondi Rescue\".", "Bruce Hopkins (surf lifesaver) __knowledge__ Hopkins briefly worked for 2GB prior to becoming a full-time lifeguard.", "Bruce Hopkins (surf lifesaver) __knowledge__ He has worked as head lifeguard with Waverley Council, which oversees Bondi, Tamarama and Bronte Beaches, since 1991 and has been involved in more resuscitations than any other lifeguard in the service.", "Bruce Hopkins (surf lifesaver) __knowledge__ He was appointed head lifeguard in 2000 and is one of the longest serving and most experienced lifeguards on the roster.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Venice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ Today, Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a pedestrian promenade that features performers, mystics, artists and vendors.", "Venice, Los Angeles __knowledge__ In 1839, a region called La Ballona that included the southern parts of Venice, was granted by the Mexican government to Machados and Talamantes, giving them title to Rancho La Ballona.", "International Life Saving Federation __knowledge__ The International Life Saving Federation (ILSF) is an organisation for drowning prevention, water safety, lifesaving and lifesaving sports.", "International Life Saving Federation __knowledge__ The International Life Saving Federation (ILS) comprises over 130 national life saving organisations/federations aiming at improving water safety, drowning prevention, water rescue, lifesaving and lifeguarding and lifesaving sport.", "International Life Saving Federation __knowledge__ The supreme authority of ILS is the General Assembly on which member organisations are represented.", "International Life Saving Federation __knowledge__ The Elective General Assembly elects a board of directors.", "International Life Saving Federation __knowledge__ The board of directors conducts the business of ILS between meetings of the General Assembly and is chaired by the President." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard (commonly referred to by its original name, \"National Lifeguard Service\" or \"NLS\") is \"the standard measure of lifeguard performance in Canada\".", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ All lifeguards and assistant lifeguards are certified by the Royal Lifesaving Society of Canada.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard certification builds on the fundamental skills, knowledge and values of the Lifesaving Society to develop the practical skills and knowledge required by lifeguards.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard education is designed to develop a sound understanding of lifeguarding principles, good judgment and a mature and responsible attitude toward the role of the lifeguard.", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitchell \"Mitch\" Buchannon is a fictional character from the television series \"Baywatch\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He was played by David Hasselhoff in every season of \"Baywatch\" and \"Baywatch Nights\" plus in the first season of \"Baywatch Hawaii\".", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ He also appeared in three films, \"\" (1995), \"\" (1998) and \"\" (2003).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ Mitch was the main character from the series premiere of \"Baywatch\" in 1989 to the penultimate season of \"Baywatch: Hawaii\" in 2000, when David Hasselhoff decided to leave the series as an actor (though he retained his position as executive producer).", "Mitch Buchannon __knowledge__ As the years progressed, Mitch increasingly served as a mentor and father figure to many of the younger lifeguards at Baywatch headquarters, helping them in work-related matters, and also issues in their personal lives.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Tuen Mun District () is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Its name was previously 'Tsing Shan' and it changed in the 1970s.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It is the westernmost continental district of Hong Kong, located about 32 km from the Kowloon Peninsula, 7 km southwest of Yuen Long and 18 km west of Tsuen Wan.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ It had a population of 488,831 in 2001.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town, which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.", "Tuen Mun District __knowledge__ According to Old history book of Tang dynasty ( Chinese traditional; ) Tuen Mun was a major trading port, and there were garrison soldiers defenced in the area as early as Tang dynasty ( A.D. 618--AD.", "Chicago Lifeguard Service __knowledge__ The Chicago Lifeguard Service, or the Chicago Park District Beaches and Pools Unit employs over 1000 as aquatics staff during the summer and 300 year round to protect the lives of patrons.", "Chicago Lifeguard Service __knowledge__ Lifeguards are stationed at 23 beaches on Lake Michigan plus one inland beach, as well as, 26 indoor and 51 outdoor pools at city parks and 15 pools in public schools.", "Chicago Lifeguard Service __knowledge__ The Service is the largest municipal lifeguard force in the world and is regularly observed by representatives from Japan, Australia, Ireland, Germany, California, Florida and other locales.", "Chicago Lifeguard Service __knowledge__ The Service also covers more waterfront than any other individual lifeguard force in the world; Chicago beaches cover over 26 miles of the lakefront The Chicago Park District was created in 1934 by the Illinois Legislature under the Park Consolidation Act.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Gregory J. Bonann (born June 28, 1952) is an American lifeguard, television producer, director, writer, and showrunner.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ He is best known for co-creating the internationally syndicated television series, \"Baywatch\", which ran for eleven seasons (242 episodes), and was listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the most widely viewed TV series in the world.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ His later work includes the syndicated action drama, SAF3, and A Chance For Children, a charitable foundation that benefits homeless and at-risk youth.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Bonann was born in Santa Monica, California, to Catholic parents Regina (née Caput), a bank teller, and Louis John Bonann, a physician and veteran of World War II.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Swimming lessons is the process of learning to swim.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ In most countries there is a definition of a number of swimming levels that is reached in the process of the curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ The respective certificates of swimming tests are required for further training in aquatic abilities.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Many countries have defined a minimum swimming level that children should reach by the end of primary education, in most cases with the help of school swimming classes being part of the normal curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children are often given swimming lessons, which serve to develop swimming technique and confidence.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children were traditionally viewed not to be able to swim independently until 4 years of age, but infant swimming lessons are now recommended to prevent drowning.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ The Uncle Toby's Super Series was a professional Australian Iron Man circuit that ran from 1989 to 2001.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ It was considered by many to be the pinnacle of Surf Lifesaving and inspired many young kids to become involved in the sport.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ It also made the sport professional and gave the opportunity for contracted competitors to make a full-time living from the sport.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ Televised on Network 10, The Uncle Toby's Super Series became a major event on the Australian Sporting Calendar each summer.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ In 1984 The Coolangatta Gold became the first ever professional Iron Man race with $20,000 prize money.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ Guy Leech won the race in its inaugural year and also the following year before The SLSA decided to discontinue the event.", "Jazz Cartier __knowledge__ Jaye Adams (born March 19, 1993), better known by his stage name Jazz Cartier, is a Canadian hip hop recording artist from Toronto.", "Jazz Cartier __knowledge__ He is best known for his mixtapes, \"Marauding in Paradise\" and \"Hotel Paranoia\".", "Jazz Cartier __knowledge__ He has twice been a longlisted nominee for the Polaris Music Prize, in 2015 for \"Marauding in Paradise\", and 2016 for \"Hotel Paranoia\", and won the Juno Award for Rap Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2017 for \"Hotel Paranoia\".", "Jazz Cartier __knowledge__ Born in Toronto, Ontario, Cartier (whose stepfather worked as a diplomat) moved frequently in childhood with his family, living at various times in the United States, Barbados and Kuwait." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, or beach.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards are strong swimmers and trained in CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, the lifeguard service also carries out mountain rescues, or may function as the primary EMS provider.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ A lifeguard is responsible for the safety of people in an area of water, and usually a defined area immediately surrounding or adjacent to it, such as a beach next to an ocean or lake.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The priority is to ensure no harm comes to users of the area for which they are responsible.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ Lifeguards often take on this responsibility upon employment, although they can also be volunteers.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ The conditions resulting in drowning are summarized by the 'drowning chain' in which each link can lead directly to an incident, or contribute to a succession of links.", "Lifeguard __knowledge__ It consists of lack of education about water safety or local conditions, a lack of safety advice (for example, about rip currents at a beach) a lack of protection (like no flotation device for a weak swimmer), lack of safety supervision, or an inability to cope with conditions (strong surf with a weak swimmer).", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ Cornelliana is anything related to Cornell University's unique traditions, legends, and lore.", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ Dragon Day is an annual celebration that began in 1901, known as \"College of Architecture Day\", and occurs, traditionally, on the Thursday before St Patrick's Day.", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ It now occurs on the Friday before Cornell University's Spring Break.", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ The central event is the burning of a dragon designed and built by Architecture first years at the hands of the oldest fifth year Architecture student, with the help of the Ithaca Fire Department, on the Arts Quad.", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ , burning the Dragon itself is no longer permitted.", "Cornelliana __knowledge__ While Cornell students are no stranger to such activities as streaking, screaming before finals, or flash mobs, other impromptu activities are more specific to Cornell and its unique terrain: Traying down Libe Slope: After a fresh snowfall, undergraduates have been known to smuggle trays from the dining options in Willard Straight Hall or from the dormitory dining halls and use them to sled down Cornell's dramatic Libe Slope, a 100-foot hill stretching from Cornell West Campus to Uris Library, the undergraduate home of the Cornell University Library.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Huntington State Beach is a protected beach in Southern California, located in the City of Huntington Beach in Orange County.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ It extends from Newport Beach (Santa Ana River) north to Beach Boulevard, where the Huntington City Beach begins.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ The park was established in 1942.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach is a popular destination for many beach enthusiasts.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ This beach has moderate to good surf, fishing, volleyball courts, basketball courts, bathrooms, and fire-rings for bonfires.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguard Services at Huntington State Beach are provided by the California State Parks Lifeguard Service.", "Huntington State Beach __knowledge__ Lifeguards patrol the beach year-round while lifeguard towers are staffed roughly Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Swimming lessons is the process of learning to swim.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ In most countries there is a definition of a number of swimming levels that is reached in the process of the curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ The respective certificates of swimming tests are required for further training in aquatic abilities.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Many countries have defined a minimum swimming level that children should reach by the end of primary education, in most cases with the help of school swimming classes being part of the normal curriculum.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children are often given swimming lessons, which serve to develop swimming technique and confidence.", "Swimming lessons __knowledge__ Children were traditionally viewed not to be able to swim independently until 4 years of age, but infant swimming lessons are now recommended to prevent drowning.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ Adult Swim (stylized as [adult swim]) is the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of the American children's cable network Cartoon Network, operating daily 8 p.m.–6 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, which also developed two other programming blocks for Cartoon Network: Toonami (which later became a block on Adult Swim in 2012) and Miguzi.", "Adult Swim __knowledge__ The block gets its name from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Gregory J. Bonann (born June 28, 1952) is an American lifeguard, television producer, director, writer, and showrunner.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ He is best known for co-creating the internationally syndicated television series, \"Baywatch\", which ran for eleven seasons (242 episodes), and was listed in the 2001 Guinness Book of World Records as the most widely viewed TV series in the world.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ His later work includes the syndicated action drama, SAF3, and A Chance For Children, a charitable foundation that benefits homeless and at-risk youth.", "Gregory J. Bonann __knowledge__ Bonann was born in Santa Monica, California, to Catholic parents Regina (née Caput), a bank teller, and Louis John Bonann, a physician and veteran of World War II.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard (commonly referred to by its original name, \"National Lifeguard Service\" or \"NLS\") is \"the standard measure of lifeguard performance in Canada\".", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ All lifeguards and assistant lifeguards are certified by the Royal Lifesaving Society of Canada.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard certification builds on the fundamental skills, knowledge and values of the Lifesaving Society to develop the practical skills and knowledge required by lifeguards.", "National Lifeguard __knowledge__ National Lifeguard education is designed to develop a sound understanding of lifeguarding principles, good judgment and a mature and responsible attitude toward the role of the lifeguard.", "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.", "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is recommended in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing, for example, agonal respirations.", "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ CPR involves chest compressions for adults between and deep and at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute.", "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ The rescuer may also provide artificial ventilation by either exhaling air into the subject's mouth or nose (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation) or using a device that pushes air into the subject's lungs (mechanical ventilation).", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, also known by the acronym CPR is an emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is a basic but proven first aid skill, practiced throughout the world.", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ It is an effective method of keeping a victim of cardiac arrest alive long enough for definitive treatment to be delivered (usually defibrillation and intravenous cardiac drugs).", "History of cardiopulmonary resuscitation __knowledge__ Prior to the inception of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, there had been some techniques to keep people alive developed in the 18th century, both in Japan and in Europe, however it was not until the mid-20th century that James Elam and Peter Safar discovered and published the method now known as CPR.", "Canadian Pacific Railway __knowledge__ The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881.", "Canadian Pacific Railway __knowledge__ The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001.", "Canadian Pacific Railway __knowledge__ Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately of track all across Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton.", "Canadian Pacific Railway __knowledge__ Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and New York City in the United States.", "Canadian Pacific Railway __knowledge__ The railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871.", "Penn MERT __knowledge__ The Penn Medical Emergency Response Team (MERT) is the University of Pennsylvania's student-run volunteer emergency medical services organization, providing care to students, faculty, staff and community members.", "Penn MERT __knowledge__ MERT's primary responsibility is to provide quick-response emergency medical care before Philadelphia Fire Department paramedic units are available to provide patient transport.", "Penn MERT __knowledge__ The secondary purpose of MERT is to provide education to the Penn community, specifically CPR training and alcohol education.", "Penn MERT __knowledge__ MERT was founded in 2006 by four students at the University of Pennsylvania.", "Penn MERT __knowledge__ After witnessing a delayed medical response to an emergency in the quad, Andrew Mener proposed the establishment of an on-campus EMS organization.", "Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System __knowledge__ The Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System is a fire-based two-tier response system providing prehospital basic and advanced life support services.", "Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System __knowledge__ There are six paramedic provider programs in the system.", "Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System __knowledge__ The Seattle Fire Department operates Seattle Medic One.", "Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System __knowledge__ The program is funded by the city's general fund and has a different administrative structure than the five other Medic One programs.", "Seattle & King County Emergency Medical Services System __knowledge__ The five other Medic One programs with the exception of King County Medic One are operated by fire departments under a formal contract with the EMS Division of Public Health - Seattle & King County.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ Peter Safar (12 April 19242 August 2003) was an Austrian physician of Czech descent.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ He is credited with pioneering cardiopulmonary resuscitation.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ Safar was born in Vienna in 1924 into a medical family.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ His father was an ophthalmologist and his mother was a pediatrician.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ He graduated from the University of Vienna in 1948.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ He married Eva Kyzivat and moved from Vienna to Hartford, Connecticut in 1949 for surgical training at Yale University.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ He completed training in anesthesiology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1952.", "Peter Safar __knowledge__ That same year, he worked in Lima, Peru and founded that country's first academic anesthesiology department.", "Emergency medical dispatcher __knowledge__ An emergency medical dispatcher is a professional telecommunicator, tasked with the gathering of information related to medical emergencies, the provision of assistance and instructions by voice, prior to the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS), and the dispatching and support of EMS resources responding to an emergency call.", "Emergency medical dispatcher __knowledge__ The term \"emergency medical dispatcher\" is also a certification level and a professional designation, certified through the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO), the National Academies of Emergency Dispatch, and PowerPhone, Inc." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 2, 4 ]	[ "I know a lifeguard watches out for safety and rescue, did you work at the ocean or a pool", "you have to be a strong swimmer to be a lifeguard, you must be able to swim really well", "Are you required to have cpr training for your job?", "It must be stressful being responsible for the safety of people" ]	[ "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard", "Lifeguard" ]
[ "Apple", "Oh really? I have never done that", "I wonder where they came from" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apple trees are large if grown from seed.", "Apple __knowledge__ Generally apple cultivars are propagated by grafting onto rootstocks, which control the size of the resulting tree.", "Apple __knowledge__ There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics.", "Apple __knowledge__ Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw and cider production.", "Apple __knowledge__ Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means.", "Apple __knowledge__ In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apple trees are large if grown from seed.", "Apple __knowledge__ Generally apple cultivars are propagated by grafting onto rootstocks, which control the size of the resulting tree.", "Apple __knowledge__ There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics.", "Apple __knowledge__ Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw and cider production.", "Apple __knowledge__ Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means.", "Apple __knowledge__ In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Leanne Anika Battersby (also Tilsley and Barlow) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, \"Coronation Street\", played by Jane Danson.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ It was announced in February 1997 that a \"family from hell\" would be introduced to \"Coronation Street\".", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ This included Les (Bruce Jones) and Janice Battersby (Vicky Entwistle), Les's daughter Leanne and Janice's daughter Toyah (Georgia Taylor).", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Leanne made her first appearance on 4 July 1997.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson left the series in 2000 and returned in 2004.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson later took maternity leave in 2006 and returned in early 2007.", "Leanne Battersby __knowledge__ Danson took another maternity break in 2009 and returned in the same year.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\".", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer).", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have been named \"one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium\" by Jarett Wieselman of the \"New York Post\".", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Take It From Here (often referred to as TIFH, pronounced — and sometimes humorously spelt — \"TIFE\") is a British radio comedy programme broadcast by the BBC between 1948 and 1960.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, and starred Jimmy Edwards, Dick Bentley and Joy Nichols.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ When Nichols moved to New York City in 1953, she was replaced by June Whitfield and Alma Cogan.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ The show is perhaps most famous for introducing \"The Glums\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Through \"TIFH\" Muir and Norden reinvented British post-war radio comedy — amongst other influences, it was one of the first shows with a significant segment consisting of parody of film and book styles, later used extensively in programmes such as \"Round the Horne\" and many television programmes.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ The White Stripes were an American rock duo formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ The group consisted of Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, piano, and mandolin) and Meg White (drums and vocals).", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ After releasing several singles and three albums within the Detroit music scene, The White Stripes rose to prominence in 2002, as part of the garage rock revival scene.", "The White Stripes __knowledge__ Their successful and critically acclaimed albums \"White Blood Cells\" and \"Elephant\" drew attention from a large variety of media outlets in the United States and the United Kingdom, with the single \"Seven Nation Army\" and its bass line becoming their signature song.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Stone is a 2010 U.S. crime thriller film directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton and Milla Jovovich.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Most of the filming was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ This was the final film to be released by Overture Films.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ Young mother Madylyn Mabry puts her daughter to bed while her husband Jack watches golf on television.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ A bee buzzes around the window as she stays with her girl.", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ After the child is asleep, she goes downstairs and announces she's leaving, saying \"You keep my soul in a dungeon.\"", "Stone (2010 film) __knowledge__ He takes a moment to disconnect from the game, then runs upstairs to the bedroom and holds their daughter out the window, threatening to drop her if Madylyn leaves.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ Apples appear in many religious traditions, often as a mystical or forbidden fruit.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ One of the problems identifying apples in religion, mythology and folktales is that as late as the 17th century, the word \"apple\" was used as a generic term for all (foreign) fruit other than berries, but including nuts.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ This term may even have extended to plant galls, as they were thought to be of plant origin (see oak apple).", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ For instance, when tomatoes were introduced into Europe, they were called \"love apples\".", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ In one Old English work, cucumbers are called \"eorþæppla\" (lit.", "Apple (symbolism) __knowledge__ \"earth-apples'), just as in French, Dutch, Hebrew, Afrikaans, Persian and Swiss German as well as several other German dialects, the words for potatoes mean \"earth-apples\" in English.", "Cider in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, the definition of \"cider\" is usually more broad than in Europe, specifically Ireland and the UK.", "Cider in the United States __knowledge__ There are two types: one being the traditional fermented product, called \"hard cider\", and the second \"sweet\" or \"soft cider\".", "Cider in the United States __knowledge__ The history of cider in the United States is very closely tied to the history of apple growing in the country.", "Cider in the United States __knowledge__ Most of the 17th- and 18th-century emigrants to America from the British Isles drank hard cider and its variants: water was not a trusted source of hydration and so beer, ale, fruit brandy, and cider were used as more sanitary substitutes.", "Cider in the United States __knowledge__ Apples were one of the earliest known crops in the English-speaking New World; ships' manifests show young saplings being carefully planted in barrels and many hopeful farmers bringing bags of seed with them, with the first settlers headed to what is now the Southeast.", "Cider in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Cider in the United Kingdom is widely available at pubs, off licences, and grocery stores.", "Cider in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ It has been made in regions of the country where cider apples were grown since Roman times; in those regions it is intertwined with local culture.", "Cider in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The UK is the major producer of cider in the EU and has enjoyed a renaissance in the 21st century with a greater diversity of producers, brands and consumers than ever before.", "Cider in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the early Roman era, dessert and cider apples had been spreading out of the Mediterranean and naturally would have eventually been brought to Gaul, a province of the Roman Empire after the defeat of Vercingetorix in 46 BC by Caesar, and Franconia, parts of which would have formed Magna Germania.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine, or fir or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ The modern Christmas tree was developed in medieval Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) and early modern Germany, where devout Christians brought decorated trees into their homes.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ It acquired popularity beyond the Lutheran areas of Germany and the Baltic countries during the second half of the 19th century, at first among the upper classes.", "Christmas tree __knowledge__ The tree was traditionally decorated with \"roses made of colored paper, apples, wafers, tinsel, [and] sweetmeats\".", "Golden apple __knowledge__ The golden apple is an element that appears in various national and ethnic folk legends or fairy tales.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Recurring themes depict a hero (for example Hercules or Făt-Frumos) retrieving the golden apples hidden or stolen by a monstrous antagonist.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Alternatively, they are depicted as divine food and the source of immortality in Norse mythology, and as part of the mysterious apple branch of Otherworld in Irish mythology.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Three instances of golden apples were featured in Greek mythology: The first case concerns a huntress named Atalanta who raced against a suitor named Melanion.", "Golden apple __knowledge__ Melanion used golden apples to distract Atalanta so that he could win the race.", "The Enchanted Apples of Oz __knowledge__ The Enchanted Apples of Oz is the first of the modern graphic novels based on American author L. Frank Baum's Land of Oz world, written by Eric Shanower.", "The Enchanted Apples of Oz __knowledge__ The book tells the story of Valynn, who protects a garden containing an enchanted apple tree, the fruit of which contains the essence of Oz magic.", "The Enchanted Apples of Oz __knowledge__ In this, the earliest of Shanower's many Oz publications, the artist introduced the lushly romantic style of Oz illustration that would distinguish his work in the genre over the next two decades and win substantial critical praise.", "The Enchanted Apples of Oz __knowledge__ The book was released in 1986 as the fifth in First Comics' graphic novel series \"First Graphic Novel\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Apple __knowledge__ The apple tree (\"Malus pumila\", commonly and erroneously called \"Malus domestica\") is a deciduous tree in the rose family best known for its sweet, pomaceous fruit, the apple.", "Apple __knowledge__ It is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, and is the most widely grown species in the genus \"Malus\".", "Apple __knowledge__ The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, \"Malus sieversii\", is still found today.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek and European Christian traditions.", "Apple __knowledge__ Apple trees are large if grown from seed.", "Apple __knowledge__ Generally apple cultivars are propagated by grafting onto rootstocks, which control the size of the resulting tree.", "Apple __knowledge__ There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics.", "Apple __knowledge__ Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw and cider production.", "Apple __knowledge__ Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means.", "Apple __knowledge__ In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman, known from seasons 2-3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II.", "Wonder Woman (TV series) __knowledge__ The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s, with the title changed to \"The New Adventures of Wonder Woman\", and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, \"Amazing Stories\", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt.", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: \"Air Wonder Stories\", \"Science Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Quarterly\".", "Wonder Stories __knowledge__ \"Air Wonder Stories\" and \"Science Wonder Stories\" were merged in 1930 as \"Wonder Stories\", and the quarterly was renamed \"Wonder Stories Quarterly\".", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Cave painting __knowledge__ Cave paintings are also known as \"parietal art\".", "Cave painting __knowledge__ They are painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric origin, dated to some 40,000 years ago (around 38,000 BCE) in Eurasia.", "Cave painting __knowledge__ The exact purpose of the Paleolithic cave paintings is not known.", "Cave painting __knowledge__ Evidence suggests that they were not merely decorations of living areas since the caves in which they have been found do not have signs of ongoing habitation.", "Cave painting __knowledge__ They are also often located in areas of caves that are not easily accessible.", "Cave painting __knowledge__ Some theories hold that cave paintings may have been a way of communicating with others, while other theories ascribe a religious or ceremonial purpose to them.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main events of Earth's past.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ The age of the Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ An immense amount of geological change has occurred in that timespan, accompanied by the emergence of life and its subsequent evolution.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula.", "History of Earth __knowledge__ Volcanic outgassing probably created the primordial atmosphere and then the ocean, but the early atmosphere contained almost no oxygen and so would not have supported known forms of life." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 4 ]	[ "I love apples. I like to pick them right off the tree.", "Apples date back to thousands of years ago.", "I think they were originaly from Asia, but made their way to Europe and even the United states." ]	[ "Apple", "Apple", "Apple" ]
[ "Dentist", "Oh thats interesting, Ive wanted to become a dentist but dont know too much about it. Can you tell me if it requires a college degree? ", "Yeah thats what I thought, id have to get alot of years of practice, What is a dentists salary anyways? ", "Ah OK. Wow barbers? who would have thought that a person who cuts hair can be a dentists haha, When was the first dentists anyways? Have humans always had dentists around? " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Mahesh Chandra Regmi (December 1929 – July 2003) was a historian and archivist of Nepal.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ In 1977, became the first Nepali to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award, Asia's most renowned award, for creating the Research Series.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Regmi was awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1977 for recognition of his“chronicling of Nepal’s past and present, enabling his people to discover their origins anddelineating national options.” The citation presented to him on that occasion can be found atwww.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationRegmiMah.htm In honor of the contributions made by Regmi to the scholarship on Nepal, the Kathmandu-based academic NGO Social Science Baha instituted the annual Mahesh C. Regmi lecture series in 2003, the first of which was attended by Regmi himself, just weeks before his death.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with eating.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Complications may include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss, and infection or abscess formation.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The cause of caries is acid from bacteria dissolving the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin and cementum).", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ The acid is produced by the bacteria when they breakdown food debris or sugar on the tooth surface.", "Tooth decay __knowledge__ Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ It is part of the \"streptococci\" (plural, non-italic lowercase), an informal general name for all species in the genus \"Streptococcus\".The microbe was first described by J Kilian Clarke in 1924.", "Streptococcus mutans __knowledge__ This bacterium, along with the closely related species \"Streptococcus sobrinus\", can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dental professional, registered with a dental association, or regulatory body within their country of practice.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They are primary healthcare professionals who work independently of or alongside dentists and other dental professionals to provide full oral health care.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They have the training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral disease.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ The dental hygienist is a primary resource for oral cancer screening and prevention.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ Most importantly, they spend a large amount of time at each patient visit looking at the soft tissues of the oral cavity, where the early manifestations of oral cancer occur.", "Early childhood caries __knowledge__ Early Childhood Caries (ECC), formerly known as nursing bottle caries, baby bottle tooth decay, night bottle mouth and night bottle caries, is a disease that affects teeth in children aged between birth and 71 months.", "Early childhood caries __knowledge__ ECC is characterized by the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth.", "Early childhood caries __knowledge__ ECC has been shown to be a very common, transmissible bacterial infection, usually passed from the primary caregiver to the child.", "Early childhood caries __knowledge__ The main bacteria responsible for dental caries is Streptococcus mutans (S. Mutans) and Lactobacillus.", "Remineralisation of teeth __knowledge__ Tooth remineralisation is a naturally occurring process in the oral cavity.", "Remineralisation of teeth __knowledge__ It is defined as a process in which calcium and phosphate ions are sourced to promote ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralised enamel.", "Remineralisation of teeth __knowledge__ Remineralisation remains imperative towards the management of non-cavitated carious lesions and prevention of disease progression within the oral cavity.", "Remineralisation of teeth __knowledge__ The process also has the ability to contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure.", "Remineralisation of teeth __knowledge__ Tooth demineralization is a chemical process by which minerals (mainly calcium) are removed from any of the hard tissues: enamel, dentine, and cementum." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "A Child of the Jago __knowledge__ A Child of the Jago is an 1896 novel by Arthur Morrison.", "A Child of the Jago __knowledge__ A bestseller in its time, it recounts the brief life of Dicky Perrott, a child growing up in the \"Old Jago\", a fictionalisation of the Old Nichol, a slum located between Shoreditch High Street and Bethnal Green Road in the East End of London.", "A Child of the Jago __knowledge__ The novel opens after midnight on a hot summer night, when many of the residents of the Jago, likened to “great rats”, prefer to sleep in the street to avoid the oppressive heat and stench of the closely packed houses.", "A Child of the Jago __knowledge__ A man lured into a dwelling by a woman is brutally coshed, robbed and dragged unconscious into the street where others remove his boots.", "Winslow Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Winslow Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States.", "Winslow Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,499, reflecting an increase of 4,888 (+14.1%) from the 34,611 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 4,524 (+15.0%) from the 30,087 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Winslow Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Winslow Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 8, 1845, from portions of Gloucester Township.", "Winslow Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ Portions of the township were taken on November 26, 1867, to create Chesilhurst.", "Winslow Township, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 1950, the township annexed a portion of Monroe Township (in Gloucester County).", "Friedrich von Weech __knowledge__ Friedrich von Weech (16 October 1837 - 17 November 1905) was a German historian and archivist.", "Friedrich von Weech __knowledge__ Friedrich Otto Aristides von Weech was born in Munich.", "Friedrich von Weech __knowledge__ By this time his father, the army officer Friedrich Joseph von Weech (1794-1837), had died in Athens during the summer, while serving in the army of young King Otto.", "Friedrich von Weech __knowledge__ The boy attended school in Munich, then spending several years taught by monks at Metten in Lower Bavaria, before returning to Munich where he spent the final two years of his schooling at the prestigious .", "Friedrich von Weech __knowledge__ He attended university at Munich (1956) and, for a couple of terms, Heidelberg (1957).", "Winslow Township High School __knowledge__ Winslow Township High School (WTHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Winslow Township, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades as the lone secondary school of the Winslow Township School District.", "Winslow Township High School __knowledge__ Until 2000, the facility that is now Winslow Township High School was part of the Lower Camden County Regional School District and was known as Edgewood Regional High School, which was the sister school of Overbook Regional Senior High School in Pine Hill (now known as Overbrook High School).", "Winslow Township High School __knowledge__ Students from Chesilhurst, a non-operating district, attend the district's schools as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Chesilhurst Borough School District.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ Music from Another Dimension!", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ is the fifteenth studio album by American rock band Aerosmith, released on November 6, 2012 by Columbia Records.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ This is their first studio album since 2004's \"Honkin' on Bobo\" and the first to feature all-new material since 2001's \"Just Push Play\", marking the longest gap between Aerosmith's studio albums.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ The album was released in a single CD edition, along with a deluxe version.", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ It is the last album in Aerosmith's current recording contract with Sony/Columbia Records and was produced by Jack Douglas, Steven Tyler, Joe Perry and Marti Frederiksen (three tracks).", "Music from Another Dimension! __knowledge__ The album includes the singles, \"Legendary Child\", \"Lover Alot\", \"What Could Have Been Love\", and \"Can't Stop Lovin' You\".", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dental professional, registered with a dental association, or regulatory body within their country of practice.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They are primary healthcare professionals who work independently of or alongside dentists and other dental professionals to provide full oral health care.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ They have the training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral disease.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ The dental hygienist is a primary resource for oral cancer screening and prevention.", "Dental hygienist __knowledge__ Most importantly, they spend a large amount of time at each patient visit looking at the soft tissues of the oral cavity, where the early manifestations of oral cancer occur.", "Dental therapist __knowledge__ A dental therapist is a member of the dental team who provides preventative and restorative dental care, usually for children and adolescents.", "Dental therapist __knowledge__ The precise role varies and is dependent on the therapist's education and the various dental regulations and guidelines of each country.", "Dental therapist __knowledge__ In 1913, Dr Norman K. Cox, the President of the New Zealand Dental Association, proposed a system of school clinics operated by the state and staffed by 'oral hygienists' to address the dental needs of children between the ages of 6 and 14 years.", "Dental therapist __knowledge__ At the time, the idea was considered to be unorthodox, but in 1920, at a special meeting of the New Zealand Dental Association, 16 members voted for the adoption of school dental nurses with 7 opposed to the proposal.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Health professional __knowledge__ A health professional, health practitioner or healthcare provider (sometimes simply \"provider\") is an individual who provides preventive, curative, promotional or rehabilitative health care services in a systematic way to people, families or communities.", "Health professional __knowledge__ A health professional may operate within all branches of health care, including medicine, surgery, dentistry, midwifery, pharmacy, psychology, nursing or allied health professions.", "Health professional __knowledge__ A health professional may also be a public/community health expert working for the common good of the society.", "Health professional __knowledge__ Healthcare practitioners include physicians, dentists, dental hygienists, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, physician assistants, nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, surgeons, surgeon's assistant, athletic trainers, surgical technologist, midwives, dietitians, therapists, psychologists, chiropractors, clinical officers, social workers, phlebotomists, occupational therapists, optometrists, physical therapists, radiographers, radiotherapists, respiratory therapists, audiologists, speech pathologists, operating department practitioners, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, medical laboratory scientists, medical prosthetic technicians and a wide variety of other human resources trained to provide some type of health care service.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentistry, also known as special care dentistry, is a speciality of dentistry concerned with the oral health of people who have intellectual disability, or who are affected by other medical, physical, or psychiatric issues.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ Special needs dentists require an extra three years of postgraduate training after attaining their dental degree.", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ They are then eligible for Board Certification by the American Board of Special Care Dentistry (Diplomate ABSCD) or Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (FRACDS (SND)).", "Special needs dentistry __knowledge__ The oral health therapist have incorporated studies to allow for their scope of practice to cover working with people with special needs.", "Dental auxiliary __knowledge__ A dental auxiliary is any of the dentist's supporting team who helps with dental treatment.", "Dental auxiliary __knowledge__ They include dental assistants (known as dental nurses in the United Kingdom and Ireland), dental therapists, dental hygienists and dental technologists.", "Dental auxiliary __knowledge__ The role of dental auxiliaries is usually limited by regional dental regulations, which help define the boundaries of treatment that can be performed.", "Dental auxiliary __knowledge__ Dental assistant help make dental treatment more efficient by assisting the dental care provider.", "Dental auxiliary __knowledge__ They hold and pass instruments, retract tissues and apply suction to assist better vision of the operating field." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dentist __knowledge__ A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries.", "Dentist __knowledge__ The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ However, in 1400 France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery.", "Dentist __knowledge__ In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published.", "Dentist __knowledge__ Ambrose Pare, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentistry throughout the world is practised differently, and training in dentistry varies as well.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Australian dentistry is overseen by the Australian Dental Council and the Dental Board of Australia The professional body for dentists is the Australian Dental Association.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ Dentists trained in Australia must meet the entry requirements of one of the Australian institutions offering dental courses, and then complete the required full-time academic training leading to a dental degree.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ If dentists wish to specialize, they must complete extra study after having had clinical experience.", "Dentistry throughout the world __knowledge__ In order to practice dentistry in Australia (as of July 2010) you must obtain registration and licensing from the nationalized Dental Board of Australia.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is a branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa, and of adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public, the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular and other supporting structures.", "Dentistry __knowledge__ Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb \"\" 'to teach'.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ Contracted \"Dr\" or \"Dr.\", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a Doctorate (e.g.", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ PhD).", "Doctor (title) __knowledge__ In many parts of the world it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether or not they hold a doctoral-level degree.", "Dental amalgam controversy __knowledge__ This discussion of the dental amalgam controversy outlines the debate over whether dental amalgam (the silver alloy in dental fillings) should be used.", "Dental amalgam controversy __knowledge__ Supporters claim that it is safe, effective and long-lasting while critics argue that claims have been made since the 1840s that amalgam is unsafe because it may cause mercury poisoning and other toxicity.", "Dental amalgam controversy __knowledge__ Those who are not opposed to the use of amalgam point out that it is safe, durable, relatively inexpensive, and easy to use.", "Dental amalgam controversy __knowledge__ On average, amalgam lasts twice as long as resin composites, takes less time to place, is tolerant of saliva or blood contamination during placement (unlike composites), and is often about 20-30% less expensive.", "Street dentistry __knowledge__ Street dentistry is the unlicensed practice of dentistry in the street, usually for people who are unable to afford licensed dental care.", "Street dentistry __knowledge__ Before the 20th century, dentistry was largely unregulated.", "Street dentistry __knowledge__ In Europe during the Middle Ages, it was often practiced by monks, who were the most educated of the period.", "Street dentistry __knowledge__ Barbers and blacksmiths, too, performed dental services.", "Street dentistry __knowledge__ One of the first attempts to regulate the practice of dentistry came in France in 1400, when royal decrees prohibited barbers not in the Guild of Barbers from performing surgical procedures except for bleeding, cupping, leeching, and extracting teeth.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Worshipful Company of Barbers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London, and ranks 17th in precedence.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Fellowship of Surgeons merged with the Barbers' Company in 1540, forming the Company of Barbers and Surgeons, but after the rising professionalism of the trade broke away in 1745 to form what would become the Royal College of Surgeons.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ The Company no longer retains an association with the hairdressing profession, and principally acts as a charitable institution for medical and surgical causes.", "Worshipful Company of Barbers __knowledge__ In modern times, between one-third and one-half of the Company's liverymen are surgeons, dentists or other medical practitioners.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Dentistry in the Philippines can be divided into five periods of dental practice.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Using the timeline of Philippine history as a template, they are: the Pre-Spanish era (from the Prehistoric period to the Classical period), the Spanish era, the American era, the Japanese-occupation era (during World War II) and the independent Philippine-Republics era.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ The practice of extracting teeth has been practiced in the Philippines before the islands became a colony of Spain.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Among the early Filipino to act as \"dental practitioners\" and \"curers of toothaches\" were barbers.", "Dentistry in the Philippines __knowledge__ Their crude and \"queer methods\" pulling out teeth from patients involved the use of fingers and nail-pliers." ] ]	[ 1, 3, 4, 9 ]	[ "My uncle is a Dentist. He is a dental surgeon. He helps prevent disease of the oral cavity.", "It does. A dentist completes a lot of schooling. There is a dental team with technicians, hygienists, and therapists. ", "It depends on the area I am sure. A crazy fact about dentists is that in France and China barbers were first to perform dentistry.", "This was around 1400. France ended this practice of barbers being dentists." ]	[ "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist", "Dentist" ]
[ "New York City\nNew York City looks so mesmerizing, I've always wanted to go but I've never gotten the chance. Have you?", "I don't currently plan to, but I'm sure I'll go there at least once in my lifetime. How much nicer is it in person?", "Man it seems more important than I initially thought it was, which is saying something! How significant is New York City in a worldly sense?", "Wow, I always thought of New York City as more of a giant, dense area of businesses and shops. I never knew it was such a huge deal for diplomacy too! ", "That's true, there's got to be something to entertain just about anyone in such a wide area!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Wild Cards\" book series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer is a character from the \"Wild Cards\" series of books.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ He first appeared in the short story \"Pennies from Hell\" by Lewis Shiner in \"Wild Cards II: Aces High\", though his presence was earlier implied in \"The Long, Dark Night of Fortunato\" in the first volume of the series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Leader of a cult consisting mainly of superhuman aces and deformed jokers known as the Egyptian Freemasons.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer planned to conquer the world in the aftermath of an invasion by fungoid aliens called the Swarm.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Unknown to him, the Shakti device of the Egyptian Freemasons lacked a power source and was designed to contact an alien organization, the Network.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ Mulholland Drive (stylized as Mulholland Dr.) is a 2001 American neo-noir mystery film written and directed by David Lynch and starring Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller, and Robert Forster.", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of an aspiring actress named Betty Elms (Watts), newly arrived in Los Angeles, who meets and befriends an amnesiac woman (Harring) hiding in an apartment which belongs to Betty's aunt.", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ The story includes several other seemingly unrelated vignettes that eventually interlock, as well as some surreal and darkly comedic scenes and images that relate to the cryptic narrative.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Saint Patrick's Battalion __knowledge__ The Saint Patrick's Battalion (), formed and led by John Riley, was a unit of 175 to several hundred immigrants (accounts vary) and expatriates of European descent who fought as part of the Mexican Army against the United States in the Mexican–American War of 1846–8.", "Saint Patrick's Battalion __knowledge__ Most of the battalion's members had deserted or defected from the United States Army.", "Saint Patrick's Battalion __knowledge__ The Battalion served as an artillery unit for much of the war.", "Saint Patrick's Battalion __knowledge__ Despite later being formally designated as two infantry companies, it still retained artillery pieces throughout the conflict.", "Saint Patrick's Battalion __knowledge__ In many ways, the battalion acted as the sole Mexican counterbalance to the recent U.S. innovation of horse artillery.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Regiment of Patricians __knowledge__ The 1st Infantry Regiment \"Los Patricios\" (Regimiento de Infantería 1 \"Los Patricios\") is the oldest and one of the most prestigious regiments of the Argentine Army.", "Regiment of Patricians __knowledge__ The title is often shortened to the Patricians' Regiment (Regimiento de Patricios).", "Regiment of Patricians __knowledge__ Since the 1990s the regiment has been designated as air assault infantry.", "Regiment of Patricians __knowledge__ It is also the custodian of the Buenos Aires Cabildo, the welcoming party for visiting foreign dignitaries to Argentina and the escort and honor guard battalion for the City Government of Buenos Aires.", "Regiment of Patricians __knowledge__ Since 22 September 2010, the Regiment's headquarters building has been a National Historical Monument following a declaration by the Argentine government on the occasion of the country's bicentennial year.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven fantasy novels by C. S. Lewis.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ It is considered a classic of children's literature and is the author's best-known work, having sold over 100 million copies in 47 languages.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ Written by Lewis, illustrated by Pauline Baynes, and originally published in London between 1950 and 1956, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" has been adapted several times, complete or in part, for radio, television, the stage, and film.", "The Chronicles of Narnia __knowledge__ Set in the fictional realm of Narnia, a fantasy world of magic, mythical beasts, and talking animals, the series narrates the adventures of various children who play central roles in the unfolding history of that world.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Nicer __knowledge__ Nicer (19 March 1990 – after 2012) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare.", "Nicer __knowledge__ She showed promise as a two-year-old in 1992 although she won only one minor race from five attempts.", "Nicer __knowledge__ She reached her peak in the following spring when she won the Masaka Stakes before recording her biggest victory in the Irish 1000 Guineas.", "Nicer __knowledge__ She was beaten in her next four races and was then exported to the United States where she failed to win.", "Nicer __knowledge__ She was retired to become a broodmare but her foals made very little impact on the racecourse.", "Nicer __knowledge__ Nicer was a grey mare bred in Ireland by Barronstown Bloodstock Ltd. As a yearling in October 1991 Nicer was offered for sale at Tattersalls and was bought for 27,000 guineas by the bloodstock agent Charles Gordon-Watson.", "The Governess, or The Little Female Academy __knowledge__ The Governess, or The Little Female Academy (published 1749) by Sarah Fielding is the first full-length novel written for children, and a significant work of 18th-century children's literature.", "The Governess, or The Little Female Academy __knowledge__ \"The Governess, or The Little Female Academy\" is a book about a boarding school run by Mrs Teachum.", "The Governess, or The Little Female Academy __knowledge__ The story takes place over ten days, not including some initial background information, and an epilogue.", "The Governess, or The Little Female Academy __knowledge__ On each day, except for the first, all or part of a text is read aloud to the students by Miss Jenny Peace.", "The Governess, or The Little Female Academy __knowledge__ Afterward, one or more of the pupils is physically described, followed by the recording their life story.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the original design for the streets of Manhattan above Houston Street and below 155th Street, which put in place the rectangular grid plan of streets and lots that has defined Manhattan to this day.", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It has been called \"the single most important document in New York City's development,\" and the plan has been described as encompassing the \"republican predilection for control and balance ... [and] distrust of nature.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ It was described by the Commission that created it as combining \"beauty, order and convenience.\"", "Commissioners' Plan of 1811 __knowledge__ The plan originated when the Common Council of New York City, seeking to provide for the orderly development and sale of the land of Manhattan between 14th Street and Washington Heights, but unable to do so itself for reasons of local politics and objections from property owners, asked the New York State Legislature to step in.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line.", "Pace University __knowledge__ Pace University is a private institution that was founded in 1906.", "Pace University __knowledge__ It has a campus in Manhattan, New York City, and two campuses in Westchester County, New York, in Pleasantville and White Plains.", "Pace University __knowledge__ The school also operates other properties, including a women's justice center in nearby Yonkers, city public school Pace University High School, and two business incubators.", "Pace University __knowledge__ Pace University was founded by brothers Homer St. Clair Pace and Charles A.", "Pace University __knowledge__ Pace in 1906, initially as a business school for men and women.", "Pace University __knowledge__ It operated out of the New York Tribune Building in New York City, and spread as Pace Institute, operating in major U.S. cities.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Aperture grille __knowledge__ An aperture grille is one of two major technologies used to manufacture color cathode ray tube (CRT) televisions and computer displays; the other is shadow mask.", "Aperture grille __knowledge__ Fine vertical wires behind the front glass of the display screen separate the different colors of phosphors into strips.", "Aperture grille __knowledge__ These wires are positioned such that an electron beam from one of three guns at the rear of the tube is only able to strike phosphors of the appropriate color.", "Aperture grille __knowledge__ That is, the blue electron gun will strike blue phosphors, but will find a wire blocks the path to red and green phosphors.", "Aperture grille __knowledge__ The fine wires allow for a finer dot pitch as they can be spaced much closer together than the perforations of a shadow mask, and there need be no gap between adjacent horizontal pixels.", "Trinitron __knowledge__ Trinitron is Sony's brand name for its line of aperture-grille-based CRTs used in television sets and computer displays.", "Trinitron __knowledge__ One of the first truly new television systems to enter the market since the 1950s, the Trinitron was announced in 1968 to wide acclaim for its bright images, about 25% brighter than common shadow mask televisions of the same era.", "Trinitron __knowledge__ Constant improvement in the basic technology and attention to overall quality allowed Sony to charge a premium for Trinitron devices into the 1990s.", "Trinitron __knowledge__ Patent protection on the basic Trinitron design ran out in 1996, and it quickly faced a number of competitors at much lower prices.", "Cathode ray tube __knowledge__ The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and is used to display images.", "Cathode ray tube __knowledge__ It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the images.", "Cathode ray tube __knowledge__ The images may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets, or others.", "Cathode ray tube __knowledge__ CRTs have also been used as memory devices, in which case the visible light emitted from the fluorescent material (if any) is not intended to have significant meaning to a visual observer (though the visible pattern on the tube face may cryptically represent the stored data).", "Price action trading __knowledge__ The concept of price action trading embodies the analysis of basic price movement as a methodology for financial speculation, as used by many retail traders and often institutionally where algorithmic trading is not employed.", "Price action trading __knowledge__ Since it ignores the fundamental factors of a security and looks primarily at the security's price history — although sometimes it considers values derived from that price history — it is a form of technical analysis.", "Price action trading __knowledge__ What differentiates it from most forms of technical analysis is that its main focus is the relation of a security's current price to its past prices as opposed to values derived from that price history.", "Climate of the United States __knowledge__ The climate of the United States varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts.", "Climate of the United States __knowledge__ West of the 100th meridian, much of the US is semi-arid to desert in the far southwestern US, and Mediterranean along the California coast.", "Climate of the United States __knowledge__ East of the 100th meridian, the climate is humid continental in the northern areas east through New England, to humid subtropical in the Gulf and South Atlantic regions.", "Climate of the United States __knowledge__ Southern Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands.", "Climate of the United States __knowledge__ Higher-elevation areas of the Rocky Mountains, the Wasatch, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range are alpine.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ Sonoma County is a county in the U.S. state of California.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 483,878.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ Its county seat and largest city is Santa Rosa.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ It is to the north of Marin County and the south of Mendocino County.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ It is west of Napa County and Lake County.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ Sonoma County comprises the Santa Rosa, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ It is the northwesternmost county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region.", "Sonoma County, California __knowledge__ Sonoma is the southwestern county and largest producer of California’s Wine Country region, which also includes Napa, Mendocino, and Lake counties.", "Córdoba, Argentina __knowledge__ Córdoba () is a city in the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.", "Córdoba, Argentina __knowledge__ It is the capital of Córdoba Province and the second most populous city in Argentina after Buenos Aires, with about 1,330,023 inhabitants according to the 2010 census.", "Córdoba, Argentina __knowledge__ It was founded on 6 July 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera, who named it after Córdoba, Spain.", "Córdoba, Argentina __knowledge__ It was one of the first Spanish colonial capitals of the region that is now Argentina (the oldest city is Santiago del Estero, founded in 1553).", "Córdoba, Argentina __knowledge__ The National University of Córdoba is the oldest university of the country and the second to be inaugurated in Latin America.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ San Diego–Tijuana is an international metropolitan conurbation, straddling the border of the adjacent North American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ The 2012 population of the region was 4,922,723, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico, the second-largest shared between the US and another country (after Detroit-Windsor), and the fourth largest in the world.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ In its entirety, the region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Rosarito Beach, and Tecate in Mexico.", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Madera County, California, United States.", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ It is part of the Madera–Chowchilla Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ The population was 8,569 at the 2010 census, up from 7,300 at the 2000 census.", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos is located at (36.936378, -119.886723).", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land.", "Bonadelle Ranchos-Madera Ranchos, California __knowledge__ The Bonadelle Ranchos is often regarded as a Valley-Foothill transitional zone, because its elevation is higher than average for valley but slightly too low to be considered part of the Sierra foothills.", "Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ Tampa () is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida, United States.", "Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico, and is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area.", "Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ The city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census, and an estimated population of 377,165 in 2016.", "Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence indicates the shores of Tampa Bay were inhabited by indigenous peoples for thousands of years.", "Tampa, Florida __knowledge__ The Safety Harbor culture developed in the area around the year 1000 AD, and the descendant Tocobaga and Pohoy chiefdoms were living in or near the current city limits of Tampa when the area was first visited by Spanish explorers in the 16th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Theodore Roosevelt __knowledge__ Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909.", "Theodore Roosevelt __knowledge__ He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd Governor of New York from 1899 to 1900.", "Theodore Roosevelt __knowledge__ As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century.", "Theodore Roosevelt __knowledge__ His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore, alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Although their initial career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album, \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\", they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ The Sex Pistols originally comprised vocalist Johnny Rotten, guitarist Steve Jones, drummer Paul Cook and bassist Glen Matlock.", "Sex Pistols __knowledge__ Matlock was replaced by Sid Vicious in early 1977.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Wild Cards\" book series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer is a character from the \"Wild Cards\" series of books.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ He first appeared in the short story \"Pennies from Hell\" by Lewis Shiner in \"Wild Cards II: Aces High\", though his presence was earlier implied in \"The Long, Dark Night of Fortunato\" in the first volume of the series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Leader of a cult consisting mainly of superhuman aces and deformed jokers known as the Egyptian Freemasons.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer planned to conquer the world in the aftermath of an invasion by fungoid aliens called the Swarm.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Unknown to him, the Shakti device of the Egyptian Freemasons lacked a power source and was designed to contact an alien organization, the Network.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of main characters in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" franchise.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are a team of mutant red-eared sliders named after four Renaissance artists and living in the sewers of New York City, where they train by day and fight crime by night as ninjas.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leonardo is the calm and courageous leader of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ He is the most devoted student to Master Splinter and the study of Ninjutsu.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Leo wears a blue mask and wields two ninjakens, also known as ninjatō.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raphael is the tough, sarcastic bad boy of the Ninja Turtles.", "List of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters __knowledge__ Raph wears a red mask and wields a pair of sais.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ There were three live televised debates in total.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ First debate focused on social issues while the next two revolved around economic and political matters.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ The candidates had drawn lots to determine their seating arrangement for the debate.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ Every effort seems to have been made not to leave any room for accusations of partiality.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ According to schedule, the candidates could hold a meeting of 15 minutes with the aides and advisors after 90 minutes of debate.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ The candidates outlined their plans for the post.", "Iranian presidential election debates, 2017 __knowledge__ They were given an equal time to garner as many votes as possible in order to win the ticket to the office.", "Diplomacy __knowledge__ Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states.", "Diplomacy __knowledge__ It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to a full range of topical issues.", "Diplomacy __knowledge__ International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.", "Diplomacy __knowledge__ David Stevenson reports that by 1900 the term \"diplomats\" also covered diplomatic services, consular services and foreign ministry officials.", "Diplomacy __knowledge__ Some of the earliest known diplomatic records are the Amarna letters written between the pharaohs of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt and the Amurru rulers of Canaan during the 14th century BC.", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action __knowledge__ The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; , acronym: BARJAM), known commonly as the Iran deal or Iran nuclear deal, is an international agreement on the nuclear program of Iran reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran, the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany), and the European Union.", "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action __knowledge__ Formal negotiations toward the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran's nuclear program began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013.", "World Jewish Congress __knowledge__ The World Jewish Congress (WJC) was founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in August 1936 as an international federation of Jewish communities and organizations.", "World Jewish Congress __knowledge__ According to its mission statement, the World Jewish Congress' main purpose is to act as \"the diplomatic arm of the Jewish people.\"", "World Jewish Congress __knowledge__ Membership in the WJC is open to all representative Jewish groups or communities, irrespective of the social, political or economic ideology of the community's host country.", "World Jewish Congress __knowledge__ The World Jewish Congress headquarters are in New York City, US, and the organization maintains international offices in Brussels, Belgium; Jerusalem, Israel; Paris, France; Moscow, Russia; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Geneva, Switzerland." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years ?)", "Squanto __knowledge__ – late November 1622 o.s.", "Squanto __knowledge__ ), more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto, was a member of the Patuxet tribe best known for being an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the \"Mayflower\" settlers, who made their settlement at the site of Squanto's former summer village.", "Squanto __knowledge__ The Patuxet tribe had lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, but they were wiped out by an epidemic infection.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Squanto was the last of the tribe, and he acted as a translator, guide, and advisor while he lived with the Pilgrims for 20 months.", "Squanto __knowledge__ He showed them how to sow and fertilize native crops, and this proved to be a boon when the seeds brought largely failed which had been brought from England.", "Super grid __knowledge__ A super grid is a wide area transmission network that makes it possible to trade high volumes of electricity across great distances.", "Super grid __knowledge__ It is sometimes also referred to as a \"mega grid\".", "Super grid __knowledge__ The idea of creating long distance transmission lines in order to take advantage of renewable sources distantly located is not new.", "Super grid __knowledge__ In the US in the 1950s, a proposal was made to ship hydroelectric power from dams being constructed in the Pacific Northwest to consumers in Southern California, but it was opposed and scrapped.", "Super grid __knowledge__ In 1961, U.S. president John F. Kennedy authorized a large public works project using new high-voltage, direct current HVDC technology from Sweden.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Mass surveillance in the United States __knowledge__ The practice of mass surveillance in the United States dates back to WWI wartime monitoring and censorship of international communications from, to, or which passed through the United States.", "Mass surveillance in the United States __knowledge__ After the First World War and the Second World War, the surveillance continued, via programs such as the Black Chamber and Project SHAMROCK.", "Mass surveillance in the United States __knowledge__ The formation and growth of federal law-enforcement and intelligence agencies such as the FBI, CIA, and NSA institutionalized surveillance used to also silence political dissent, as evidenced by COINTELPRO projects which targeted various organizations and individuals.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Located in the southwest portion of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park located at the southern tip of the island.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay.", "Staten Island __knowledge__ With a 2016 Census-estimated population of 476,015, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in area at .", "Staten Island __knowledge__ Staten Island is the only borough of New York with a non-Hispanic White majority.", "Staten Island Ferry __knowledge__ The Staten Island Ferry is a passenger ferry route operated by the New York City Department of Transportation.", "Staten Island Ferry __knowledge__ It runs in New York Harbor between the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island.", "Staten Island Ferry __knowledge__ The ferry operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, running every 15 to 20 minutes during peak hours and every 30 minutes at other times.", "Staten Island Ferry __knowledge__ Since 1997, the Staten Island Ferry has been fare-free, though historically, it has charged a relatively low fare compared to other modes of transit in the area.", "Staten Island Ferry __knowledge__ The Staten Island Ferry is one of several ferry systems in the New York City area, besides NYC Ferry, SeaStreak, New York Water Taxi, and NY Waterway.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "New York City mayoral elections __knowledge__ The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year.", "New York City mayoral elections __knowledge__ The city, which elects the mayor as its chief executive, consists of the five boroughs (Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island), which consolidated to form \"Greater\" New York on January 1, 1898.", "New York City mayoral elections __knowledge__ The consolidated city's first mayor, Robert A.", "New York City mayoral elections __knowledge__ Van Wyck, was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897.", "New York City mayoral elections __knowledge__ Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller, unconsolidated City of New York (Manhattan, later expanded into the Bronx).", "Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations __knowledge__ MTA Regional Bus Operations operates local and express buses serving New York City in the United States out of 29 bus depots.", "Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations __knowledge__ These depots are located in all five boroughs of the city, with one located in nearby Yonkers in Westchester County.", "Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations __knowledge__ 21 of these depots serve MTA New York City Transit (NYCT)'s bus operations, while the remaining eight serve the MTA Bus Company (the successor to private bus operations taken over in the 2000s).", "Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations __knowledge__ These facilities perform regular maintenance, cleaning, and painting of buses, as well as collection of revenue from bus fareboxes.", "Bus depots of MTA Regional Bus Operations __knowledge__ Several of these depots were once car barns for streetcars, while others were built much later and have only served buses.", "The Bronx __knowledge__ The Bronx () is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U.S. state of New York.", "The Bronx __knowledge__ It is geographically south of Westchester County; north and east of the island and borough of Manhattan to the south and west across the Harlem River; and north of the borough of Queens, across the East River.", "The Bronx __knowledge__ Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one that has the majority of its area on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of and a population of 1,455,720 in 2016, has the fourth-largest land area, the fourth-highest population, and the third-highest population density.", "The Bronx __knowledge__ Since 1914, the Bronx has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York and the third most densely populated county in the United States." ] ]	[ 5, 4, 6, 8, 9 ]	[ "YES! We actually lived in Manhattan for a year. Being there, you feel the pace and meaning of the term \"New York minute\". Do you plan to visit?", "There are highs and lows -- but the highs are REAL high, with so much to offer in terms of culture, finance, entertainment...everything!", "Well, even beyond the fact it's such a media center that literally creates and broadcasts media throughout the world, it's also home to the United Nations. Whatever the current administration, that will always be home to international diplomacy.", "What's wild is that \"officially\" New York is all five boroughs -- Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx and Staten Island. So there is a looooot of ground to cover, with something for everyone, really.", "Hey, and everyone wants to visit the Statue of Liberty. It's puts things in perspective to see such a beautiful monument to what is and has been the premier gateway for immigration to the US. Crazy, but as many as 800 languages are spoken in NY. I never even knew that many existed!" ]	[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]
[ "David Mach", "No, I never have. Who is he?", "What is an installation artist?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Never Say Never Again is a 1983 James Bond spy film starring Sean Connery, directed by Irvin Kershner, produced by Jack Schwartzman, and written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. with uncredited additional co-writers Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, from a story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Ian Fleming.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ It is the second adaptation of Fleming's \"Thunderball\", which was previously adapted as the 1965 film of the same name.", "Never Say Never Again __knowledge__ Unlike the majority of James Bond films, \"Never Say Never Again\" was not produced by Eon Productions, but by an independent production company, one of whose members was Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the \"Thunderball\" story, who retained the filming rights of the novel following a legal dispute over them.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" was composed by Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith, Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single \"The Show\".", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able to relate to the song.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of \"Best Thing I Never Had\" are revenge and karma.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the long-running musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is not based on the storyline in the original book by Gaston Leroux.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Lloyd Webber stated: \"I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece.\"", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ He later clarified: \"Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen \"Phantom of the Opera\" to understand \"Love Never Dies\".\"", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Never Say Never is the second studio album by American singer Brandy.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Released by Atlantic Records on June 9, 1998 in United States, Norwood's label consulted David Foster and upcoming producer Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins and his team to work with her on the record, the latter of who went on to craft the majority of the album and would evolve as her mentor and head producer on succeeding projects in the 2000s.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ The lyrical themes on the album include the singer's personal experiences with love, monogamy, media bias, and maturity.", "Never Say Never (Brandy album) __knowledge__ Influenced by Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston, Norwood wanted to present a more mature facet of herself with the album, incorporating a ballad-heavy style and an adult contemporary feel into her urban-pop sound for the album.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Never Let Me Go is a 2010 British dystopian romantic drama film based on Kazuo Ishiguro's 2005 novel of the same name.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Mark Romanek from a screenplay by Alex Garland.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" is set in an alternative history and centres on Kathy, Ruth and Tommy portrayed by Carey Mulligan, Keira Knightley and Andrew Garfield respectively, who become entangled in a love triangle.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ Principal photography began in April 2009 and lasted several weeks.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ The movie was filmed at various locations, including Andrew Melville Hall.", "Never Let Me Go (2010 film) __knowledge__ \"Never Let Me Go\" was produced by DNA Films and Film4 on a US$15 million budget.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Sharpe is a series of historical fiction stories by Bernard Cornwell centred on the character of Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Cornwell's series (composed of several novels and short stories) charts Sharpe's progress in the British Army during the Napoleonic Wars.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ Director Tom Clegg filmed the television series Sharpe based on the novels by Bernard Cornwell starring Sean Bean as Richard Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ The series originally ran from 1993 to 1997.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In 2006, ITV premiered \"Sharpe's Challenge\", a two-part adventure loosely based on his time in India, with Sean Bean continuing his role as Sharpe.", "List of Sharpe series characters __knowledge__ In both the novels and television series, Sharpe encountered many characters, some real and some fictional.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach () is an operating system kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University to support operating system research, primarily distributed and parallel computing.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach is often mentioned as one of the earliest examples of a microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ However, not all versions of Mach are microkernels.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach's derivatives are the basis of the modern operating system kernels in GNU Hurd and Apple's operating systems macOS, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ The project at Carnegie Mellon ran from 1985 to 1994, ending with Mach 3.0, which is a true microkernel.", "Mach (kernel) __knowledge__ Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, so no new operating system would have to be designed around it.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang Mach 1 is a performance-oriented option package of the Ford Mustang, originally introduced by Ford in August 1968 as a package for the 1969 model year.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ The Mach 1 title adorned performance oriented Mustang offerings until the original retirement of the moniker in 1978.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ As part of a Ford heritage program, the Mach 1 package returned in 2003 as a high performance version of the New Edge platform.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ Visual connections to the 1969 model were integrated into the design to pay homage to the original.", "Ford Mustang Mach 1 __knowledge__ This generation of the Mach 1 was discontinued after the 2004 model year, with the introduction of the fifth-generation Mustang.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Speed Racer, also known as , is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ \"Mach GoGoGo\" was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 \"Shōnen Book\".", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008.", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ Selected chapters of the manga were released by NOW Comics in the 1990s under the title \"Speed Racer Classics\".", "Speed Racer __knowledge__ These were later released by Wildstorm Productions, a division of DC Comics, as \"Speed Racer: The Original Manga\".", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The red telephone box, a telephone kiosk for a public telephone designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, was a familiar sight on the streets of the United Kingdom, Malta, Bermuda and Gibraltar.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ Despite a reduction in their numbers in recent years, the traditional British red telephone kiosk can still be seen in many places throughout the UK, and in current or former British colonies around the world.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The colour red was chosen to make them easy to spot.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ From 1926 onwards, the fascias of the kiosks were emblazoned with a prominent crown, representing the British government.", "Red telephone box __knowledge__ The red phone box is often seen as a British cultural icon throughout the world.", "Mach number __knowledge__ In fluid dynamics, the Mach number (M or Ma) (; ) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound.", "Mach number __knowledge__ where: By definition, Mach 1 is equal to the speed of sound.", "Mach number __knowledge__ Mach 0.65 is 65% of the speed of sound (subsonic), and Mach 1.35 is 35% faster than the speed of sound (supersonic).", "Mach number __knowledge__ The local speed of sound, and thereby the Mach number, depends on the condition of the surrounding medium, in particular the temperature.", "Mach number __knowledge__ The Mach number is primarily used to determine the approximation with which a flow can be treated as an incompressible flow.", "Mach Five __knowledge__ The is the racing car Speed Racer (Go Mifune in the Japanese version) drives in the anime series of the same name (known as \"Mach Go!", "Mach Five __knowledge__ Go!", "Mach Five __knowledge__ Go!\"", "Mach Five __knowledge__ in Japan).", "Mach Five __knowledge__ The car was designed, built, and created by \"Pops Racer\" (Daisuke Mifune), Speed Racer's father.", "Mach Five __knowledge__ It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series.", "Mach Five __knowledge__ In the original 1967 series, the Mach Five is a white racing car with an \"M\" written on its hood (which does not stand for \"Mach 5\", but instead stands for \"Mifune\", both Go's last name, and the name of his father's motor company).", "Mach Five __knowledge__ In the 1993 American remake, the design was completely changed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "David Mach __knowledge__ David Mach (born 18 March 1956 in Methil, Fife) is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach's artistic style is based on flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Typically these include magazines,vicious teddy bears,newspapers, car tyres, match sticks and coat hangers.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Many of his installations are temporary and constructed in public spaces.", "David Mach __knowledge__ One example of his early magazine pieces, \"Adding Fuel to the Fire\", was an installation assembled from an old truck and several cars surrounded and subsumed by about 100 tons of magazines, individually arranged to create the impression that the vehicles were being caught in an explosion of flames and billowing smoke.", "David Mach __knowledge__ An early influential sculpture was \"Polaris,\" exhibited outside the Royal Festival Hall, South Bank Centre, London in 1983.", "David Mach __knowledge__ This consisted of some 6000 car tyres arranged as a lifesize replica of a Polaris submarine.", "David Mach __knowledge__ Mach intended it as a protest against the nuclear arms race meant to stir controversy.", "David Mach __knowledge__ A member of the public who took exception to the piece tried to burn it down; unfortunately, he got caught in the flames himself and suffered fatal burns.", "David Mach __knowledge__ In the early 1980s Mach started to produce some smaller-scale works assembled out of unstruck match sticks.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ The Turner Prize, named after the English painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Between 1991 and 2016, only artists under the age of 50 were eligible (this restriction was removed for the 2017 award).", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Awarding the prize is organised by the Tate gallery and usually staged at Tate Britain, though in recent years the award ceremony has sometimes been held in other UK cities.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ Since its beginnings in 1984 it has become the UK's most publicised art award.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ The award represents all media.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ As of 2004, the monetary award was established at £40,000.", "Turner Prize __knowledge__ There have been different sponsors, including Channel 4 television and Gordon's Gin.", "Guy Maddin __knowledge__ Guy Maddin, (born February 28, 1956) is a Canadian screenwriter, director, author, cinematographer, and film editor of both features and short films, as well as an installation artist, from Winnipeg, Manitoba.", "Guy Maddin __knowledge__ His most distinctive quality is his penchant for recreating the look and style of silent or early-sound-era films.", "Guy Maddin __knowledge__ Since completing his first film in 1985, Maddin has become one of Canada's most well-known and celebrated filmmakers.", "Guy Maddin __knowledge__ Maddin has directed twelve feature films and numerous short films, in addition to publishing three books and creating a host of installation art projects.", "Guy Maddin __knowledge__ A number of Maddin's recent films began as or developed from installation art projects, and his books also relate to his film work.", "Tulipamwe __knowledge__ Tulipamwe means \"we are together\" and is an independently funded artists project coordinated by the Tulipamwe Arts Trust in Namibia.", "Tulipamwe __knowledge__ The trust is organized under the auspices of the Visual & Performing Arts Department of the University of Namibia and is affiliated to the Triangle Network of Workshops initiated by Sir Robert Lauder.", "Tulipamwe __knowledge__ Historically Namibia (in southern Africa) has been isolated by the politics of the Apartheid Government in South Africa from the rest of the world and especially from the rest of Africa (except South Africa) for over fifty years.", "Tulipamwe __knowledge__ This isolation has been in almost every sphere of interaction, but especially in the arts.", "ELISION Ensemble __knowledge__ The ELISION Ensemble (often referred to as simply ELISION) is a chamber ensemble specialising in contemporary classical music, concentrating on the creation and presentation of new works.", "ELISION Ensemble __knowledge__ The ensemble comprises a core of around 20 virtuoso musicians from Australia and around the world.", "ELISION Ensemble __knowledge__ Since 1986 it has maintained an active schedule of concerts, recordings, broadcasts, and music-theatre/opera, installation art and new media art performances, principally in Australia and Europe.", "ELISION Ensemble __knowledge__ During 2008 the ensemble presented 36 individual works, including 11 world premieres, in 18 concerts or events in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Berlin and London.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ Robert Irwin (born September 12, 1928) is an American installation artist.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ He lives and works in San Diego, California.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ Robert Irwin was born in 1928 in Long Beach, California, to Robert Irwin and Goldie Anderberg Irwin.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ After serving in the United States Army from 1946 to 1947, he attended several art institutes: Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles from 1948 to 1950, Jepson Art Institute in 1951, and Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles from 1952 to 1954.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ He spent the next two years living in Europe and North Africa.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ Between the years 1957-1958, he taught at the Chouinard Art Institute.", "Robert Irwin (artist) __knowledge__ In 1977, Robert Irwin wrote the following about himself: “I began as a painter in the middle of nowhere with few questions… My first real question concerned the arbitrariness of my paintings… I used my paintings as a step-by-step process, each new series of works acting in direct response to those questions raised by the previous series.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ Emeka Ogboh (born 1977) is a Nigerian sound and installation artist best known for his soundscapes of life in Lagos.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ Trained as an artist, he began working with sounds that characterize cities following an Egyptian multimedia art program.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ He presents unmodified field recordings from Lagos city lifefor instance, its danfo share taxi systemin gallery installations with headphones and speakers.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ His non-audio work uses iconography from Lagos city life.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ He participated in the DAAD Artists-in-Berlin Program and 2015 Venice Biennale, and received the 2016 Bremen Böttcherstraße Art Award.", "Emeka Ogboh __knowledge__ His work has exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum, American National Museum of African Art, Menil Collection, Casino Luxembourg, and Kiasma.", "Paul Brody __knowledge__ Paul Brody (born in 1961 in Seattle) is an American sound installation artist, composer, trumpeter, and writer based in Berlin.", "Paul Brody __knowledge__ His work explores the relationship between spoken word and melody through radio art, Sound installation, composition, and performance.", "Paul Brody __knowledge__ Paul Brody's father was the son of a Ukrainian immigrant and his mother was a Jewish refugee from Nazi-era Vienna.", "Paul Brody __knowledge__ Brody spent most of his youth in San Leandro, California, where his struggles with dyslexia led him find his voice in music and poetry.", "Paul Brody __knowledge__ He studied composition, poetry, and trumpet at San Francisco State University and Boston University and Third stream music at the New England Conservatory of Music.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Sculpture in Scotland includes all visual arts operating in three dimensions in the borders of modern Scotland.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes traditionally include carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material), in stone, metal, clay, wood and other materials.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ In the modern era these were joined by assembly by welding, modelling, moulding and casting.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ Some installation art can also be considered to be sculpture.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ The earliest surviving sculptures from Scotland are standing stones and circles from around 3000 BCE.", "Sculpture in Scotland __knowledge__ The oldest portable visual art are carved-stone petrospheres and the Westray Wife is the earliest representation of a human face found in Scotland.", "Scottish art in the nineteenth century __knowledge__ Scottish art in the nineteenth century is the body of visual art made in Scotland, by Scots, or about scottish subjects.", "Scottish art in the nineteenth century __knowledge__ This period saw the increasing professionalisation and organisation of art in Scotland.", "Scottish art in the nineteenth century __knowledge__ Major institutions founded in this period included the Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland, the Royal Scottish Academy of Art, the National Gallery of Scotland, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery and the Glasgow Institute.", "Scottish art in the nineteenth century __knowledge__ Art education in Edinburgh focused on the Trustees Drawing Academy of Edinburgh.", "Scottish art in the nineteenth century __knowledge__ Glasgow School of Art was founded in 1845 and Grays School of Art in Aberdeen in 1885.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ Scottish art is the body of visual art made in what is now Scotland, or about Scottish subjects, since prehistoric times.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ It forms a distinctive tradition within European art, but the political union with England has led its partial subsumation in British art.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ The earliest examples of art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ More extensive Scottish examples of patterned objects and gold work are found the Iron Age.", "Scottish art __knowledge__ Elaborately carved Pictish stones and impressive metalwork emerged in Scotland the early Middle Ages.", "Joseph Beuys __knowledge__ Joseph Beuys (; 12 May 1921 – 23 January 1986) was a German Fluxus, happening, and performance artist as well as a sculptor, installation artist, graphic artist, art theorist, and pedagogue.", "Joseph Beuys __knowledge__ His extensive work is grounded in concepts of humanism, social philosophy and anthroposophy; it culminates in his \"extended definition of art\" and the idea of social sculpture as a gesamtkunstwerk, for which he claimed a creative, participatory role in shaping society and politics.", "Joseph Beuys __knowledge__ His career was characterized by open public debates on a very wide range of subjects including political, environmental, social and long term cultural trends." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 2 ]	[ "Have you heard of David Mach? ", "He is a Scottish sculptor and installation artist.", "It has to do with flowing assemblages of mass-produced objects." ]	[ "David Mach", "David Mach", "David Mach" ]
[ "Bacon\nOne of my favorite foods is bacon. I could eat it every day. Do you like bacon?", "Bacon goes great with just about everything. Have you had a bacon sundae? It is absolutely delicious!", "It definitely does. There is something great about the saltiness of bacon contrasted with the sweetness of ice cream. ", "I never heard of that before. I will have to look it up. I guess I have the British to thank for that wonderful invention!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-born British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ He is best known for his depictions of popes, crucifixions and portraits of close friends.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His abstracted figures are typically isolated in geometrical cage like spaces, set against flat, nondescript backgrounds.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ Bacon said that he saw images \"in series\", and his work typically focuses on a single subject for sustained periods, often in triptych or diptych formats.", "Francis Bacon (artist) __knowledge__ His output can be broadly described as sequences or variations on a single motif; beginning with the 1930s Picasso-informed Furies, moving on to the 1940s male heads isolated in rooms or geometric structures, the 1950s screaming popes, and the mid-to-late 1950s animals and lone figures, the 1960s portraits of friends, the nihilistic 1970s self-portraits, and the cooler more technical 1980s late works.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Bo ( — in Hebrew, the command form of \"go,\" or \"come,\" and the first significant word in the parashah, in ) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the last three plagues on Egypt and the first Passover.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,149 Hebrew letters, 1,655 Hebrew words, and 106 verses, and can occupy about 207 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews read it the fifteenth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in January or early February.", "Bo (parsha) __knowledge__ As the parashah describes the first Passover, Jews also read part of the parashah, as the initial Torah reading for the first day of Passover, and another part, as the initial Torah reading for the first intermediate day (\"Chol HaMoed\") of Passover.", "J&D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ J&D's Down Home Enterprises, also known as J&D's Foods, is an American company based in Seattle, Washington, that produces bacon-related products such as Bacon Salt and Baconnaise.", "J&D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ The company was founded in 2007 by Justin Esch and Dave Lefkow who used a $5,000 prize winning from \"America's Funniest Home Videos\" as start capital to launch the business.", "J&D's Down Home Enterprises __knowledge__ J&D's used an unconventional, yet successful advertising campaign consisting of on-line Social network services and personal telephone calls to the media to get stories written about them resulting in selling 20,000 jars of their initial product, Bacon Salt, in their first five months of operation.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ The Bacon Cookbook: More than 150 Recipes from Around the World for Everyone's Favorite Food is a cookbook on bacon by James Villas.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ It was published by Wiley in 2007.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Villas is a former food editor for \"Town & Country\" magazine, and \"The Bacon Cookbook\" is his 15th book on food.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He notes on the book's jacket that he was \"beguiled by bacon since he was a boy.\"", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He describes the appeal of bacon in the book's preface, and in the introduction recounts the history of the product, as well as its variations from different locations internationally.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Chapters are structured by type of recipe and food course, and in total the book includes 168 recipes.", "Triptych, May–June 1973 __knowledge__ Triptych, May–June 1973 is a triptych completed in 1973 by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992).", "Triptych, May–June 1973 __knowledge__ The oil-on-canvas was painted in memory of Bacon's lover George Dyer, who committed suicide on the eve of the artist's retrospective at Paris's Grand Palais on 24 October 1971.", "Triptych, May–June 1973 __knowledge__ The triptych is a portrait of the moments before Dyer's death from an overdose of pills in their hotel room.", "Triptych, May–June 1973 __knowledge__ Bacon was haunted and preoccupied by Dyer's loss for the remaining years of his life and painted many works based on both the actual suicide and the events of its aftermath.", "Triptych, May–June 1973 __knowledge__ He admitted to friends that he never fully recovered, describing the 1973 triptych as an exorcism of his feelings of loss and guilt.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ The Bacon sundae is a sundae prepared using typical sundae ingredients and the use of bacon.", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ The bacon sundae was a product offering from Denny's in the U.S. in 2011, which purveyed a maple bacon sundae in 2011, part of its limited-time \"Baconalia!", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ : A Celebration of Bacon\" menu.", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ The bacon sundae was also a product offering from Burger King for the summer of 2012 in the U.S. Burger King's bacon sundae is made of vanilla soft serve ice cream and topped with hot fudge, caramel, bacon crumbles and a piece of bacon.", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ The treat packs 510 calories, 18 grams of fat and 61 grams of sugar.", "Bacon sundae __knowledge__ It was first introduced in Nashville, Tennessee and is being launched along with various BBQ sandwiches, sweet potato fries, and frozen lemonade.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ The Bacon Cookbook: More than 150 Recipes from Around the World for Everyone's Favorite Food is a cookbook on bacon by James Villas.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ It was published by Wiley in 2007.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Villas is a former food editor for \"Town & Country\" magazine, and \"The Bacon Cookbook\" is his 15th book on food.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He notes on the book's jacket that he was \"beguiled by bacon since he was a boy.\"", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ He describes the appeal of bacon in the book's preface, and in the introduction recounts the history of the product, as well as its variations from different locations internationally.", "The Bacon Cookbook __knowledge__ Chapters are structured by type of recipe and food course, and in total the book includes 168 recipes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "CarniK Con __knowledge__ CarniK Con (Carnivorous Kinetic Concepts) was an American YouTube firearms comedy show known for its videos of firearms used in humorous scenarios and the heavy use of American symbolism.", "CarniK Con __knowledge__ The channel debuted on Halloween 2012 and has since garnered a passionate following among gun enthusiasts across the internet.", "CarniK Con __knowledge__ Videos typically feature Dugan Ashley and other members of CarniK Con conducting testing and evaluation of firearms in unlikely, scripted scenarios.", "CarniK Con __knowledge__ The show is typically filmed in Missouri where the group is based.", "CarniK Con __knowledge__ CarniK Con’s video formats can range from music videos to short stories, to infomercials and 20 second shorts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ Admiral Sir Reginald Hugh Spencer Bacon, (6 September 1863 – 9 June 1947) was an officer in the Royal Navy noted for his technical abilities.", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ He was described by the First Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Jacky Fisher, as the man \"acknowledged to be the cleverest officer in the Navy\".", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ Reginald was born at Wiggonholt in West Sussex, the son of the parish rector, Rev.", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ Thomas Bacon, and his wife, Lavinia Emma, the daughter of George Shaw of Teignmouth in Devon.", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ Rev.", "Reginald Bacon __knowledge__ Thomas was the nephew of the industrialist, Anthony Bushby Bacon of Elcot Park in Berkshire and the grand-uncle of the historian, Emma Elizabeth Thoyts, of Sulhamstead House, also in Berkshire.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ A club sandwich, also called a clubhouse sandwich, is a sandwich of bread (occasionally toasted), sliced cooked poultry, fried bacon, lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise.", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ It is often cut into quarters or halves and held together by cocktail sticks.", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ Modern versions frequently have two layers which are separated by an additional slice of bread.", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ The club sandwich may have originated at the Union Club of New York City.", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ The earliest known reference to the sandwich is also an early recipe; \"Have you tried a Union Club sandwich yet?", "Club sandwich __knowledge__ Two toasted pieces of Graham bread, with a layer of turkey or chicken and ham between them, served warm.\"", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ From archeological evidence at Neolithic sites we know that there was an early reliance on cereal grains once agriculture had begun.", "BLT __knowledge__ A BLT (Bacon, Lettuce, and Tomato) is a type of bacon sandwich.", "BLT __knowledge__ The standard BLT is made up of four ingredients: bacon, lettuce, tomato, and bread.", "BLT __knowledge__ The BLT evolved from the tea sandwiches served at a similar time to the club sandwich, although it is unclear when the name BLT became the norm.", "BLT __knowledge__ While there are variations on the BLT, the essential ingredients are bacon, tomatoes and lettuce, on a slice of bread.", "BLT __knowledge__ The quantity and quality of the ingredients are matters of personal preference.", "BLT __knowledge__ The bacon can be well cooked or tender, but as it \"carries\" the other flavours, chefs recommend using higher quality meat; in particular, chef Edward Lee states \"Your general supermarket bacon is not going to cut the mustard.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ An ice cream van (British) or ice cream truck (American) is a commercial vehicle that serves as a mobile retail outlet for ice cream, usually during the summer.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often seen parked at public events, or near parks, beaches, or other areas where people congregate.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans often travel near where children play — outside schools, in residential areas, or in other locations.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They usually stop briefly before moving on to the next street.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ Ice cream vans are often brightly decorated and carry images of ice cream, or some other adornment, such as cartoon characters.", "Ice cream van __knowledge__ They may have painted-on notices, which can serve a commercial purpose (\"\"Stop me and buy one!\"\")", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ Blue Bell Creameries is an American food company that manufactures ice cream.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ It was founded in 1907 in Brenham, Texas.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ For much of its early history, the company manufactured both ice cream and butter locally.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century, it abandoned butter production and expanded to the entire state of Texas and soon much of the Southern United States.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ The company's corporate headquarters are located at the \"Little Creamery\" in Brenham, Texas.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ Since 1919, it has been in the hands of the Kruse family.", "Blue Bell Creameries __knowledge__ Despite being sold in a limited number of states, as of 2015 Blue Bell is the fourth highest-selling ice cream brand in the United States as a whole.", "Sundae __knowledge__ The sundae () is a sweet ice cream dessert.", "Sundae __knowledge__ It typically consists of one or more scoops of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup, and in some cases other toppings including sprinkles, whipped cream, peanuts, maraschino cherries, or other fruits (e.g., bananas and pineapple in a banana split.).", "Sundae __knowledge__ According to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\", the origin of the term \"sundae\" is obscure; however, it is generally accepted that the spelling \"sundae\" derives from the English word \"Sunday\".", "Sundae __knowledge__ Among the many stories about the invention of the sundae, a frequent theme is that the ice cream sundae was a variation of the popular ice cream soda.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings Inc, trading and commonly known as Ben & Jerry's, is an American company that manufactures ice cream, frozen yogurt, and sorbet.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ It was founded in 1978 in Burlington, Vermont, and sold in 2000 to Anglo-Dutch conglomerate Unilever.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ Today it operates globally as a fully owned subsidiary of Unilever.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ Its present-day headquarters is in South Burlington, Vermont, with its main factory in Waterbury, Vermont.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield were childhood friends from New York.", "Ben & Jerry's __knowledge__ While Greenfield finished college, he found himself unable to make his way into medical school.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ Two Rivers is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ The population was 11,712 at the 2010 census.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ It is the birthplace of the ice cream sundae (though other cities, such as Ithaca, New York, make the same claim).", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ The city's advertising slogan is \"Catch our friendly waves\" as it is located along Lake Michigan.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ A post office called Two Rivers has been in operation since 1848.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ The city was named from its location at the confluence of the Mishicott and Neshota rivers, now known as the East Twin and West Twin Rivers, respectively.", "Two Rivers, Wisconsin __knowledge__ Two Rivers derives its name from the East Twin River and the West Twin River which meet in the city less than a mile from their outflows at Lake Michigan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations, both of which prohibit the consumption of pigs.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is cured through either a process of injecting with or soaking in brine, known as wet curing, or using plain salt, known as dry curing.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon brine has added curing ingredients, most notably sodium nitrite or, less often, potassium nitrate (saltpeter), which speed the curing and stabilize color.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Fresh bacon may then be dried for weeks or months in cold air, or it may be smoked of boiled.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ A thaumatrope is an optical toy that was popular in the 19th century.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ A disk with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to blend into one due to the persistence of vision.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ Examples of common thaumatrope pictures include a bare tree on one side of the disk, and its leaves on the other, or a bird on one side and a cage on the other.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ Many classic thaumatropes also included riddles or short poems, with one line on each side.", "Thaumatrope __knowledge__ Thaumatropes can provide an illusion of motion with the two sides of the disc each depicting a different phase of the motion, but no examples are known to have been produced until long after the introduction of the first widespread animation device: the phénakisticope.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, activist and filmmaker.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and \"musique concrète\" works, and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers.", "Frank Zappa __knowledge__ He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his era.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam PC (30 May 1748 – 8 February 1833), styled Viscount Milton until 1756, was a British Whig statesman of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ In 1782 he inherited the estates of his uncle Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, making him one of the richest people in Britain.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ He played a leading part in Whig politics until the 1820s.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Fitzwilliam was the son of William Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl Fitzwilliam, by his wife Lady Anne, daughter of Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham.", "William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam __knowledge__ Prime Minister Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham was his maternal uncle.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Bacon ice cream (or bacon-and-egg ice cream) is an ice cream generally created by adding bacon to egg custard and freezing the mixture.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ The concept of bacon ice cream originated in a 1973 sketch on the British comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\" as a joke; however, it was eventually created for April Fools' Day.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Heston Blumenthal experimented with the creation of ice cream, making a custard similar to scrambled eggs then adding bacon to create one of his signature dishes.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ It now appears on dessert menus in other restaurants.", "Bacon ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream is generally expected to be a sweet food, eaten as a dessert, even though there is evidence of savoury ice creams eaten in Victorian times.", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ Ronald William George Barker, (25 September 1929 – 3 October 2005) was an English actor, comedian and writer.", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ He was known for roles in British comedy television series such as \"Porridge\", \"The Two Ronnies\", and \"Open All Hours\".", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ Barker began acting in repertory theatre and decided he was best suited to comic roles.", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ He had his first success at the Oxford Playhouse and in roles in the West End including Tom Stoppard's \"The Real Inspector Hound\".", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ During this period, he was in the cast of BBC radio and television comedies such as \"The Navy Lark\".", "Ronnie Barker __knowledge__ He got his television break with the satirical sketch series \"The Frost Report\" in 1966, where he met future collaborator, Ronnie Corbett.", "The Two Ronnies __knowledge__ The Two Ronnies is a BBC television comedy sketch show created by Bill Cotton for the BBC, which aired on BBC One from 1971 to 1987.", "The Two Ronnies __knowledge__ It featured Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, the two Ronnies of the title.", "The Two Ronnies __knowledge__ The usual format included sketches, solo sections, serial stories and musical finales.", "The Two Ronnies __knowledge__ Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett met at the Buckstone Club in the Haymarket, London, where Ronnie Corbett was serving drinks between acting jobs.", "The Two Ronnies __knowledge__ They were invited by David Frost to appear in his new show, \"The Frost Report\", with John Cleese, but the pair's big break came when they filled in, unprepared and unscripted, for eleven minutes during a technical hitch at a British Academy of Film and Television Arts awards ceremony at the London Palladium in 1970.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "The Two Ronnies Sketchbook __knowledge__ The Two Ronnies Sketchbook is a collection of classic sketches from the BBC comedy series \"The Two Ronnies\", with newly filmed introductions by the stars, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett.", "The Two Ronnies Sketchbook __knowledge__ It was first broadcast 34 years after the first episode of \"The Two Ronnies\" was aired and 18 years after the final episode aired.", "The Two Ronnies Sketchbook __knowledge__ The show came about following the BBC's broadcast of \"\" in February 2004, a show which gained a large audience (7.2 million), proving there was still great interest in Barker's comedy work.", "The Two Ronnies Sketchbook __knowledge__ The BAFTA lifetime achievement award was presented to Barker by Ronnie Corbett, and the two proved they still had great chemistry.", "Double act __knowledge__ A double act, also known as a comedy duo, is a comic pairing in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin and profession but drastically different in terms of personality or behavior.", "Double act __knowledge__ Often one of the members of the duo—the straight man, feed, dead wood, or stooge—is portrayed as reasonable and serious, while the other one—the funny man, banana man or comic—is portrayed as funny, less educated or less intelligent, silly, or unorthodox.", "Double act __knowledge__ If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< )." ] ]	[ 3, 11, 12, 61 ]	[ "I love eating bacon with my eggs in the morning for breakfast, and I also love it in a club sandwich!", "I love an ice cream sundae on it's own, but I can only imagine adding bacon to it would be even better!", "Bacon ice cream always reminds me of \"The Two Ronnies\", the British comedy in which it originated!", "It was a great comedy show that included sketches, solo selections, serial stories, and fantastic musical finales!" ]	[ "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon", "Bacon" ]
[ "HBO\nI watch HBO a lot on TV", "WHo directed game of thrones. ", "I see. Which other movie do you watch on HBO", "Who is the host of the show" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ HBO (Home Box Office), which was originally established as a premium cable television channel in the United States, has expanded worldwide.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Since 1991, HBO has overseen a number of partnerships that operate HBO-branded television networks around the world.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ As HBO was launched in new markets, the brand has been used in several countries.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ While in some countries, it operates using a subscription-based model akin to that of the U.S. service, in others it is offered as a basic cable channel.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Although HBO has the right to distribute its original programs for broadcast in other countries, the terms of its licensing agreements with film studios only retains it the right to broadcast them within the United States and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, therefore film rights for the international channels must be licensed separately.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ HBO Canada is a multiplex television channel of the Canadian premium cable and satellite television service The Movie Network (TMN), which is owned by Bell Media.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ The channel is primarily devoted to original programming and special events sourced from the HBO and Cinemax subscription services in the United States, as well as domestic motion pictures.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Although branded distinctly from TMN's other channels, HBO Canada is not available as a standalone channel; customers must subscribe to the entire TMN service of which HBO Canada is part.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Moreover, the pick-and-pay policies being implemented for Canadian specialty channels in 2016 do not affect premium services like TMN.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Jon Snow (character) __knowledge__ Jon Snow is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Jon Snow (character) __knowledge__ He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's \"finest creations\" and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Jon Snow (character) __knowledge__ Jon is a main character in the TV series, and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers.", "Jon Snow (character) __knowledge__ Speculation about the character's parentage has also been a popular topic of discussion among fans of both the books and the TV series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots is the official expansion pack to the real-time strategy video game \"Rise of Nations\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ The game is the second in a series of \"Rise of Nations\" games by Big Huge Games.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" had its premiere release for Microsoft Windows on April 27, 2004 in North America.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ It was ported to and released for Mac OS X in November 2004.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Rise of Nations: Extended Edition\" was released on Steam on June 12, 2014 and includes both the original game and \"Thrones and Patriots\" with updated graphics and Steamworks integration for multiplayer.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" expanded on a variety of features in the original game, such as new monuments (called \"Wonders\"), nations, governments, and campaigns.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 17, 2011, at 9.00 pm in the U.S., and concluded on June 19, 2011.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 55 minutes.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The series is based on \"A Game of Thrones\", the first novel in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles being recast.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ After the Thrones is an American live television aftershow that premiered on April 25, 2016 and ended on June 28, 2016.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ It was hosted by Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan who discussed episodes of the HBO television series \"Game of Thrones\".", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ The talk show is executive produced by Bill Simmons and Eric Weinberger.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a podcast version of the show titled \"Watch the Thrones\" on Simmons' Grantland website.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ A similar talk show called \"Thronecast\" airs on British channel Sky Atlantic, which also discusses episodes of \"Game of Thrones\".", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ The talk show was made available to HBO and HBO Now subscribers, and airs on the Monday following each episode of \"Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ HBO Canada is a multiplex television channel of the Canadian premium cable and satellite television service The Movie Network (TMN), which is owned by Bell Media.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ The channel is primarily devoted to original programming and special events sourced from the HBO and Cinemax subscription services in the United States, as well as domestic motion pictures.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Although branded distinctly from TMN's other channels, HBO Canada is not available as a standalone channel; customers must subscribe to the entire TMN service of which HBO Canada is part.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Moreover, the pick-and-pay policies being implemented for Canadian specialty channels in 2016 do not affect premium services like TMN.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ HBO (Home Box Office), which was originally established as a premium cable television channel in the United States, has expanded worldwide.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Since 1991, HBO has overseen a number of partnerships that operate HBO-branded television networks around the world.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ As HBO was launched in new markets, the brand has been used in several countries.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ While in some countries, it operates using a subscription-based model akin to that of the U.S. service, in others it is offered as a basic cable channel.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Although HBO has the right to distribute its original programs for broadcast in other countries, the terms of its licensing agreements with film studios only retains it the right to broadcast them within the United States and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, therefore film rights for the international channels must be licensed separately.", "Movie Central __knowledge__ Movie Central (occasionally abbreviated as \"MC\") was a Canadian English language Category A premium cable and satellite television channel that was owned by Corus Entertainment.", "Movie Central __knowledge__ Movie Central was designated to operate west of the Ontario-Manitoba border, including the territories.", "Movie Central __knowledge__ Although the channel's name implies that it focuses solely on theatrically released motion pictures, Movie Central's programming included original and foreign television series, made-for-cable movies and documentaries.", "Movie Central __knowledge__ Movie Central was carried by various Canadian cable, IPTV, and satellite television providers in Western Canada including Bell TV, Shaw Direct, Shaw Cable, Access Communications, Telus Optik TV and Westman Communications Group, among other providers.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "The Movie Network __knowledge__ The Movie Network (sometimes abbreviated TMN) is a Canadian English language Category A premium cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Bell Media.", "The Movie Network __knowledge__ Launched in 1983 as the national service First Choice, an industry restructuring led to its operations being restricted to Eastern Canada from 1984 to 2016.", "The Movie Network __knowledge__ It resumed national operations in March 2016, when it replaced the similar Movie Central service in Western and Northern Canada.", "The Movie Network __knowledge__ Although the channel's name implies that it focuses solely on theatrically released motion pictures, The Movie Network's programming also includes original and foreign television series, made-for-cable movies and documentaries, pornographic films, live sports events and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Winds of Winter\" is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the sixtieth overall.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.", "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Cersei Lannister plots to destroy all her immediate enemies with one swift stroke; Arya Stark gets revenge; Jon Snow is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses; Bran Stark learns that Jon is actually the son of Lyanna Stark; Samwell Tarly arrives at the Citadel; and Daenerys Targaryen begins heading to Westeros alongside Tyrion Lannister, her entire army, the Ironborn loyal to Yara Greyjoy, the Tyrells, the Sand Snakes, and her three dragons.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ \"Winter Is Coming\" is the first episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in a faithful adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show.", "Winter Is Coming __knowledge__ The episode centers on the Stark family, and how its lord, Eddard Stark, gets involved in the court politics after the king chooses Eddard to replace his recently deceased chief administrator (\"Hand of the King\").", "Game of Thrones (season 5) __knowledge__ The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 12, and concluded on June 14, 2015.", "Game of Thrones (season 5) __knowledge__ It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes.", "Game of Thrones (season 5) __knowledge__ The season primarily adapts material from \"A Feast for Crows\" and \"A Dance with Dragons\", the fourth and fifth novels in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series, though it also uses elements from the third novel, \"A Storm of Swords\", as well as the upcoming sixth novel \"The Winds of Winter\".", "Game of Thrones (season 5) __knowledge__ It also contains original content not found in Martin's novels.", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ Daniel Brett Weiss (born April 23, 1971) is an American television producer and writer, and novelist.", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ Along with his collaborator David Benioff, he is best known as co-creator and showrunner of \"Game of Thrones\", the HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin's series of books \"A Song of Ice and Fire\".", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ Weiss was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois.", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ His family is Jewish.", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ He is a graduate of Wesleyan University.", "D. B. Weiss __knowledge__ He earned a Master of Philosophy in Irish literature from Trinity College, Dublin with a thesis on James Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\", and a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from the Iowa Writers' Workshop.", "David Benioff __knowledge__ David Benioff (born David Friedman; September 25, 1970) is an American screenwriter, television producer and writer, and novelist.", "David Benioff __knowledge__ He is the co-creator and showrunner of the widely acclaimed award-winning HBO series \"Game of Thrones\".", "David Benioff __knowledge__ Benioff was born David Friedman in New York City, to a Jewish family with roots in Romania, Austria, Poland and Russia.", "David Benioff __knowledge__ He is the son of Barbara (Benioff) and Stephen Friedman, who is a former head of Goldman Sachs.", "David Benioff __knowledge__ He is a distant cousin of Marc Benioff.", "David Benioff __knowledge__ As an adult, he uses the last name of Benioff, his mother's maiden name, to avoid confusion with other writers named David Friedman.", "Game of Thrones (season 3) __knowledge__ The third season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31, 2013, and concluded on June 9, 2013.", "Game of Thrones (season 3) __knowledge__ It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes.", "Game of Thrones (season 3) __knowledge__ The season is based roughly on the first half of \"A Storm of Swords\" (the third of the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels by George R. R. Martin, of which the series is an adaptation).", "Game of Thrones (season 3) __knowledge__ The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 3) __knowledge__ HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10, 2012, nine days after the second season's premiere." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016.", "HBO __knowledge__ The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature, and HBO Family.", "HBO __knowledge__ It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017.", "HBO __knowledge__ As of July 2015, HBO's programming is available to approximately 36,493,000 households with at least one television set (31.3% of all cable, satellite and telco customers) in the United States (36,013,000 subscribers or 30.9% of all households with pay television service receive at least HBO's primary channel), making it the second largest premium channel in the United States (Encore, owned by Starz Inc., reaches 40.54 million pay television households ).", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "The Daily Show __knowledge__ The Daily Show is an American late-night talk and news satire television program.", "The Daily Show __knowledge__ It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central.", "The Daily Show __knowledge__ Describing itself as a fake news program, \"The Daily Show\" draws its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organizations, and often uses self-referential humor as well.", "The Daily Show __knowledge__ The half-hour-long show premiered on July 21, 1996, and was first hosted by Craig Kilborn until December 17, 1998.", "The Daily Show __knowledge__ Jon Stewart then took over as the host from January 11, 1999, until August 6, 2015, making the show more strongly focused on political satire and news satire, in contrast with the pop culture focus during Kilborn's tenure.", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The Price Is Right is an American television game show created by Bob Stewart, Mark Goodson and Bill Todman.", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show revolves around contestants competing to identify accurate pricing of merchandise to win cash and prizes.", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Contestants are selected from the studio audience when the announcer proclaims the show's famous catchphrase, \"Come on down!\"", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The program premiered on September 4, 1972 on CBS.", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Bob Barker was the series' longest-running host from its 1972 debut until his retirement in June 2007, when Drew Carey took over.", "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Barker was accompanied by a series of announcers, beginning with Johnny Olson, followed by Rod Roddy and then Rich Fields.", "Monty Hall problem __knowledge__ The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, loosely based on the American television game show \"Let's Make a Deal\" and named after its original host, Monty Hall.", "Monty Hall problem __knowledge__ The problem was originally posed (and solved) in a letter by Steve Selvin to the \"American Statistician\" in 1975 , .", "Monty Hall problem __knowledge__ It became famous as a question from a reader's letter quoted in Marilyn vos Savant's \"Ask Marilyn\" column in \"Parade\" magazine in 1990 : Vos Savant's response was that the contestant should switch to the other door .", "Monty Hall problem __knowledge__ Under the standard assumptions, contestants who switch have a chance of winning the car, while contestants who stick to their initial choice have only a chance.", "Late-night talk show __knowledge__ A late-night talk show is a genre of talk show popular in the United States, where the format originated.", "Late-night talk show __knowledge__ It is generally structured around humorous monologues about the day's news, guest interviews, comedy sketches and music performances.", "Late-night talk show __knowledge__ The late-night talk show format was popularized, though not invented, by Johnny Carson with \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" on NBC.", "Late-night talk show __knowledge__ Typically the show's host conducts interviews from behind a desk, while the guest is seated on a couch.", "Late-night talk show __knowledge__ Many late night talk shows feature a house band which generally performs cover songs for the studio audience during commercial breaks and occasionally will back up a guest artist.", "The Sunday Night Project __knowledge__ The Sunday Night Project is a British comedy-variety show by Princess Productions that first aired on Channel 4 in February 2005 under the title The Friday Night Project.", "The Sunday Night Project __knowledge__ Originally broadcast on Friday nights, the show moved to Sunday nights for its seventh series in 2008.", "The Sunday Night Project __knowledge__ Each week, the regular hosts (from series 2 onwards) Justin Lee Collins and Alan Carr are joined by a celebrity guest host.", "The Sunday Night Project __knowledge__ These guests provide an opening monologue, are interviewed by Alan and Justin and take questions from the studio audience.", "The Sunday Night Project __knowledge__ They also take part in comedy sketches, hidden camera stunts and a game show where someone from the audience is selected to win prizes.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the shōjo manga series Ouran High School Host Club, created by Bisco Hatori.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ Ouran Academy is an elite upper school catering to the ultra-rich.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ Haruhi Fujioka is a middle-class scholarship student, a rarity at the school.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ While searching for a quiet place to study, she stumbles upon an unused music room which turns out to be the club room for the school's Host Club — a group of idle rich boys, possessing exceptional good-looks, who entertain female clients.", "List of Ouran High School Host Club characters __knowledge__ After accidentally knocking over a priceless Renaissance vase that's worth far more than Haruhi can possibly repay (¥8 million), she is forced to join the Host Club as an \"errand boy\" to work off her debt.", "Westworld (TV series) __knowledge__ Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO.", "Westworld (TV series) __knowledge__ It is based on the 1973 film of the same name, which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton, and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel \"Futureworld\".", "Westworld (TV series) __knowledge__ It is the second TV series based on the two films, the first being the short-lived 1980 series \"Beyond Westworld\".", "Westworld (TV series) __knowledge__ Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk, with Nolan directing the pilot.", "Westworld (TV series) __knowledge__ The first season premiered on October 2, 2016, concluded on December 4, 2016, and consisted of ten episodes.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ Kseniya Moustafaeva (born 8 June 1995 in Minsk, Belarus) is a French individual rhythmic gymnast of Belarusian origin.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ She is a 5-time French National all-around champion.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ Moustafaeva started gymnastics at 4 years of age.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ She and her mother, Svetlana moved to France in 2000.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ She has been member of the French national team since 2010.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ She won the silver in all-around in the 2011, 2012 French Nationals behind Delphine Ledoux.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ She competed at the 2012 London Olympics Test Event and finished 22nd, she did not qualify for the 2012 Olympics.", "Kseniya Moustafaeva __knowledge__ In 2013, she competed in the World Cup and Grand Prix Series.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ Westworld is a 1973 American science fiction Western thriller film written and directed by novelist Michael Crichton about amusement park androids that malfunction and begin killing visitors.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ It stars Yul Brynner as an android in a futuristic Western-themed amusement park, and Richard Benjamin and James Brolin as guests of the park.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ The film served as Crichton's first theatrical feature.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ It was also the first feature film to use digital image processing, to pixellate photography to simulate an android point of view.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ The film was nominated for Hugo, Nebula, and Saturn awards.", "Westworld (film) __knowledge__ \"Westworld\" was followed by a sequel, \"Futureworld\" (1976), and a short-lived television series, \"Beyond Westworld\" (1980).", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the American science fiction western thriller television series \"Westworld\", which is based on the 1973 film of the same name.", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in the fictional Westworld, a technologically advanced Western-themed amusement park which is populated by androids known as \"hosts\" and visited by humans known as \"guests\".", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ Dolores Abernathy is portrayed by Evan Rachel Wood and is one of the series' central characters.", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ She is the oldest host still working in the park.", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ Dolores is a rancher's daughter who discovers her entire life is an elaborately constructed lie.", "List of Westworld characters __knowledge__ Her aesthetic drew influences from Andrew Wyeth's painting \"Christina's World\" as well as Lewis Carroll's Alice.", "The Original (Westworld) __knowledge__ \"The Original\" is the first episode of the HBO science fiction thriller television series \"Westworld\".", "The Original (Westworld) __knowledge__ The teleplay was written by series co-creators Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, who wrote the story with Michael Crichton, writer and director of the 1973 film the series is based on; the episode was directed by Nolan.", "The Original (Westworld) __knowledge__ As the first episode of the series, it introduces the eponymous Western-themed amusement park from the perspectives of both the androids and the humans.", "The Original (Westworld) __knowledge__ The episode received highly positive reviews from critics.", "The Original (Westworld) __knowledge__ The episode is dedicated to the memory of Eddie Rouse, who played Kissy.", "Westworld __knowledge__ Westworld is an American science fiction–thriller media franchise.", "Westworld __knowledge__ It began in 1973 with the release of the film \"Westworld\", written and directed by Michael Crichton.", "Westworld __knowledge__ It depicts a technologically advanced, Western-themed amusement park populated by androids that malfunction and begin killing the human visitors.", "Westworld __knowledge__ It was followed by the sequel film \"Futureworld\" (1976).", "Westworld __knowledge__ In 1980 there was a short-lived television series, \"Beyond Westworld\".", "Westworld __knowledge__ A new television series from HBO, based on the original film, debuted on October 2, 2016.", "Westworld __knowledge__ \"Westworld\" was the first theatrical feature novelist Michael Crichton directed, after one TV movie.", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ \"Chestnut\" is the second episode of the HBO science fiction thriller television series \"Westworld\".", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ The episode aired on October 9, 2016, but was released two days prior online by HBO.", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ The episode received positive reviews from critics.", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ William, a first time visitor to Westworld, is brought to the park by his friend Logan who wants to show him a good time.", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ William is skeptical about the park, and due to his gentle nature, feels compelled to help any host that's in trouble, including an old man that trips in the mud.", "Chestnut (Westworld) __knowledge__ Logan reminds William that the hosts aren't human, and that interacting with them may trigger scripted stories and behaviors." ] ]	[ 13, 14, 0, 44 ]	[ "So do I. I LOVE Game of Thrones. A Fantasy drama series on HBO.", "The Directors change. But it was created by David Benioff and DB Weiss.", "I also watch the show called Westworld", "There is no host. It is a western thriller based on a 1973 film which was written by Michael Crichton." ]	[ "HBO", "HBO", "HBO", "HBO" ]
[ "Smartphone\nI have two smartphone, a Apple Iphone 7 my teenage son thinks is his and a cheap android for me.", "I think that was on the 8. My son is jacked in all day long", "How many smartphone do you have? ", "I used to be that person. Then i bought an 80.00 yes only 80.00 and got a pay as you go plan. Don't use it, don't pay. " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smartphone __knowledge__ A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are much larger.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ They are able to run a variety of software components, known as “apps”.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Most basic apps (e.g.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Apps can receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, operating systems are able to update.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Modern smartphones have a touchscreen color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type and press onscreen icons to activate \"app\" features.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Mobile payment is now a common theme amongst most smartphones.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Today, smartphones largely fulfill most people's needs for a telephone, digital camera and video camera, GPS navigation, a media player, clock, news, calculator, web browser, handheld video game player, flashlight, compass, an address book, note-taking, digital messaging, an event calendar, etc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ The iPhone 7's overall design is similar to the iPhone 6S, but introduces new color options, water and dust resistance, a new capacitive, static home button, and removes the 3.5 mm headphone jack.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker.", "Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, or Xcode.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Originally known as Research In Motion (RIM), it is best known to the general public as the former developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones, and tablets, it transitioned to an enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Its products are used worldwide by various businesses, car makers, and government agencies, and include the AtHoc crisis communications platform, the QNX real-time operating system, and BlackBerry UEM, an endpoint management platform.", "History of Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is a multinational corporation that creates consumer electronics, personal computers, servers, and computer software, and is a digital distributor of media content.", "History of Apple Inc. __knowledge__ The company also has a chain of retail stores known as Apple Stores.", "History of Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Apple's core product lines are the iPhone smart phone, iPad tablet computer, iPod portable media players, and Macintosh computer line.", "History of Apple Inc. __knowledge__ Founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Apple Computer on April 1, 1976, and incorporated the company on January 3, 1977, in Cupertino, California.", "History of Apple Inc. __knowledge__ For more than three decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers, including the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac lines, but it faced rocky sales and low market share during the 1990s.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The devices are part of the iPhone series and were announced on September 9, 2014, and released on September 19, 2014.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly serve as successors to the iPhone 5S and were themselves replaced as flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015.", "IPhone 6 __knowledge__ The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus include larger displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi-Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications-based mobile payments offering.", "Apple Inc. litigation __knowledge__ The multinational technology corporation Apple Inc. has been a participant in various legal proceedings and claims since it began operation and, like its competitors and peers, engages in litigation in its normal course of business for a variety of reasons.", "Apple Inc. litigation __knowledge__ In particular, Apple is known for and promotes itself as actively and aggressively enforcing its intellectual property interests.", "Apple Inc. litigation __knowledge__ From the 1980s to the present, Apple has been plaintiff or defendant in civil actions in the United States and other countries.", "Apple Inc. litigation __knowledge__ Some of these actions have determined significant case law for the information technology industry and many have captured the attention of the public and media." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smartphone __knowledge__ A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are much larger.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ They are able to run a variety of software components, known as “apps”.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Most basic apps (e.g.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Apps can receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, operating systems are able to update.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Modern smartphones have a touchscreen color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type and press onscreen icons to activate \"app\" features.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Mobile payment is now a common theme amongst most smartphones.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Today, smartphones largely fulfill most people's needs for a telephone, digital camera and video camera, GPS navigation, a media player, clock, news, calculator, web browser, handheld video game player, flashlight, compass, an address book, note-taking, digital messaging, an event calendar, etc.", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ Gretchen Frances Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is an American country music artist.", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ She made her debut in March 2004 with the Grammy Award-winning single \"Redneck Woman,\" a number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts.", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ The song served as the lead-off single of her debut album, \"Here for the Party\".", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ Wilson followed this album one year later with \"All Jacked Up\", the title track of which became the highest-debuting single for a female country artist upon its 2005 release.", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ A third album, \"One of the Boys\", was released in 2007.", "Gretchen Wilson __knowledge__ Overall, Wilson has charted 13 singles on the \"Billboard\" country charts, of which five have reached Top Ten: the Number One \"Redneck Woman\", as well as \"Here for the Party\" (#3, 2004), \"When I Think About Cheatin'\" (#4, 2004), \"Homewrecker\" (#2, 2005), and \"All Jacked Up\" (#8, 2005).", "List of minor characters in the Matrix series __knowledge__ This is a list of minor characters from \"The Matrix\" franchise universe.", "List of minor characters in the Matrix series __knowledge__ Many of the characters listed here have names reflecting certain aspects of them, such as their status, personality or role.", "List of minor characters in the Matrix series __knowledge__ Apoc (played by Julian Arahanga) is a crew member of the Nebuchadnezzar in \"The Matrix\".", "List of minor characters in the Matrix series __knowledge__ Apoc drives Neo to his meeting with Morpheus, and assists Tank in locating Neo inside the Power Plant.", "List of minor characters in the Matrix series __knowledge__ He and Switch (his lover) are portrayed as front-line soldiers while inside the Matrix, acting as \"point\" and \"rear guard\" in their escape from the Agents and police and laying down covering fire as they make their way into the sewers.", "24 cm Kanone M. 16 __knowledge__ The 24 cm Kanone M. 16 was a super-heavy siege gun used by Austria-Hungary during World War I and by Nazi Germany during World War II.", "24 cm Kanone M. 16 __knowledge__ Only two were finished during World War I, but the other six were completed in the early twenties and served with the Czechoslovak Army until they were bought by the Germans after their Munich Agreement in 1938.", "24 cm Kanone M. 16 __knowledge__ During World War I, one gun served on the Western Front and the other on the Italian Front.", "24 cm Kanone M. 16 __knowledge__ During World War II, they saw action in the Battle of France, Operation Barbarossa and the Siege of Leningrad.", "24 cm Kanone M. 16 __knowledge__ The Austro-Hungarian Army was very pleased with its large siege howitzers like the \"42 cm Haubitze M. 14/16\", but they were all short-ranged.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in tunnel.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers.", "Tunnel __knowledge__ Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso or Nasso ( — Hebrew for \"take a census\" or \"lift up,\" the sixth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 35th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Numbers.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah addresses priestly duties, purifying the camp, restitution for wrongs committed, the wife accused of unfaithfulness (\"sotah\"), the nazirite, the Priestly Blessing, and the consecration of the Tabernacle.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso has the largest number of letters, words, and verses of any of the 54 weekly Torah portions.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 8,632 Hebrew letters, 2,264 Hebrew words, and 176 verses, and can occupy about 311 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Tunnel construction __knowledge__ Tunnels are dug in types of materials varying from soft clay to hard rock.", "Tunnel construction __knowledge__ The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.", "Tunnel construction __knowledge__ There are three basic types of tunnel construction in common use: In 2017 experiences show that city subway underground tunnels cost approximately 500 Mio EUR per kilometer.", "Tunnel construction __knowledge__ In Switzerland a kilometer of motorway tunnel was roughly calculated at 300 Mio CHF, at the time 200 Mio Eur.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ All Jacked Up is the second album by American country musician, Gretchen Wilson, released in 2005 on Epic Nashville (see 2005 in country music).", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ It debuted at number one in the \"Billboard\" 200 with 264,000 copies sold in its initial week.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ The album's title track served as its lead-off single.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ Debuting at No.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, it set what was then the record for the highest-debuting single by a female country artist.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ \"All Jacked Up\" went on to peak at No.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ 8 on the country charts, and was followed by three more singles: \"I Don't Feel Like Loving You Today\" (No.", "All Jacked Up __knowledge__ 22), \"Politically Uncorrect\" (No.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ Apple also released the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017, and the iPhone X on November 3, 2017.", "IPhone 7 __knowledge__ The iPhone 7's overall design is similar to the iPhone 6S, but introduces new color options, water and dust resistance, a new capacitive, static home button, and removes the 3.5 mm headphone jack.", "IPhone __knowledge__ iPhone ( ) is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPhone __knowledge__ They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.", "IPhone __knowledge__ The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.", "IPhone __knowledge__ An iPhone can shoot video (though this was not a standard feature until the iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive email, browse the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemail.", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ A phone connector, also known as phone jack, audio jack, headphone jack or jack plug, is a family of electrical connectors typically used for analog audio signals.", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ The phone connector was invented for use in telephone switchboards in the 19th century and is still widely used.", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ The phone connector is cylindrical in shape, with a grooved tip to retain it.", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ In its original audio configuration, it typically has two, three, four and, occasionally, five contacts.", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ Three-contact versions are known as \"TRS connectors\", where \"T\" stands for \"tip\", \"R\" stands for \"ring\" and \"S\" stands for \"sleeve\".", "Phone connector (audio) __knowledge__ Ring contacts are typically the same diameter as the sleeve, the long shank.", "IPod __knowledge__ The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPod __knowledge__ The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released.", "IPod __knowledge__ As of July 27, 2017, only the iPod Touch remains in production.", "IPod __knowledge__ Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices.", "IPod __knowledge__ Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.", "Headphone amplifier __knowledge__ A headphone amplifier is a low-powered audio amplifier designed particularly to drive headphones worn on or in the ears, instead of loudspeakers in speaker enclosures.", "Headphone amplifier __knowledge__ Most commonly, headphone amplifiers are found embedded in electronic devices that have a headphone jack, such as integrated amplifiers, portable music players (e.g., iPods), and televisions.", "Headphone amplifier __knowledge__ However, standalone units are used, especially in audiophile markets and in professional audio applications, such as music studios.", "Headphone amplifier __knowledge__ Headphone amplifiers are available in consumer-grade models used by hi-fi enthusiasts and audiophiles and professional audio models, which are used in recording studios.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ The MacBook Air is a line of Macintosh subnotebook computers developed and manufactured by Apple Inc.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ It consists of a full-size keyboard, a machined aluminum case, and a thin light structure.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ The Air is available with a screen size of (measured diagonally) 13.3in (33.782 cm), with different specifications produced by Apple.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ Since 2011, all MacBook Air models have used solid-state drive storage and Intel Core i5 or i7 CPUs.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ A MacBook Air with an 11.6in (29.46 cm) screen was made available in 2010.", "MacBook Air __knowledge__ In the current product line, the MacBook Air sits below the performance-range of the MacBook Pro and compared to the MacBook Retina, its features reflect different priorities.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ The iPod Nano (stylized and marketed as iPod nano) is a portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ The first generation model was introduced on September 7, 2005, as a replacement for the iPod Mini, using flash memory for storage.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ The iPod Nano went through several differing models, or generations, since its introduction.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ Apple discontinued the iPod Nano on July 27, 2017.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ Development work on the design of the iPod Nano started only nine months before its launch date.", "IPod Nano __knowledge__ The Nano was launched in two colors (black and white) with two available sizes: 2 GB (roughly 500 songs) and 4 GB (1000 songs)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smartphone __knowledge__ A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are much larger.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ They are able to run a variety of software components, known as “apps”.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Most basic apps (e.g.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Apps can receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, operating systems are able to update.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Modern smartphones have a touchscreen color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type and press onscreen icons to activate \"app\" features.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Mobile payment is now a common theme amongst most smartphones.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Today, smartphones largely fulfill most people's needs for a telephone, digital camera and video camera, GPS navigation, a media player, clock, news, calculator, web browser, handheld video game player, flashlight, compass, an address book, note-taking, digital messaging, an event calendar, etc.", "Mobile phone overuse __knowledge__ Mobile phone overuse (mobile-phone addiction, problem mobile phone use, or mobile phone dependency) is a dependence syndrome seen among certain mobile phone users.", "Mobile phone overuse __knowledge__ Some mobile phone users exhibit problematic behaviors related to substance use disorders.", "Mobile phone overuse __knowledge__ These behaviors can include preoccupation with mobile communication, excessive money or time spent on mobile phones, use of mobile phones in socially or physically inappropriate situations such as driving an automobile.", "Mobile phone overuse __knowledge__ Increased use can also lead to increased time on mobile communication, adverse effects on relationships, and anxiety if separated from a mobile phone or sufficient signal.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Lenovo smartphones are marketed as the \"LePhone\" in Mainland China and the \"IdeaPhone\" overseas.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility, ZUK Mobile and Medion, divisions of Lenovo, sell smartphones under their own brands.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ As of September 2015, Lenovo is in the process of rebranding most of its phones using the Motorola brandname.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Lenovo has implemented an aggressive strategy to replace Samsung as mainland China's top smartphone manufacturer.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ It spent $793.5 million in Wuhan to build a plant that can produce 30 to 40 million phones per year.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Data from Analysys International shows that Lenovo's China smartphone sales experienced considerable growth in 2012.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ The LG GW620 , also known as the LG Eve and the LG InTouch Max, is a smartphone manufactured by LG Electronics.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ It is the first smartphone from LG that runs the Android operating system.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ According to LG's managing director in Levant, Kevin Cha, “This Android phone is just one of many smartphone models we plan to introduce worldwide in the years ahead.” In Canada, the LG GW620 is distributed by Rogers Wireless.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ After the phone was first released, it contained Android Cupcake.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ After this LG decided to upgrade this phone to Android 2.2.", "LG GW620 __knowledge__ Now other sites are starting to release higher versions.", "In Case of Emergency __knowledge__ In Case of Emergency (ICE) is a program that enables first responders, such as paramedics, firefighters, and police officers, as well as hospital personnel, to contact the next of kin of the owner of a mobile phone to obtain important medical or support information (the phone must be unlocked and working).", "In Case of Emergency __knowledge__ The phone entry (or entries) should supplement or complement written (such as wallet, bracelet, or necklace) information or indicators.", "In Case of Emergency __knowledge__ The programme was conceived in the mid-2000s and promoted by British paramedic Bob Brotchie in May 2005.", "In Case of Emergency __knowledge__ It encourages people to enter emergency contacts in their mobile phone address book under the name \"ICE\".", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi Inc. (stylized as Mi) ( , , literally \"millet technology\"; or ) is a Chinese electronics and software company headquartered in Beijing.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi designs, develops, and sells smartphones, mobile apps, laptops and related consumer electronics.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi released its first smartphone in August 2011 and has rapidly gained market share in China to become China's largest smartphone company in 2014.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ As of 2017 Xiaomi is the world's 5th largest smartphone company.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi has expanded into developing a wider range of consumer electronics, including a smart home (IoT) device ecosystem.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi has 15,000 employees in China, India, Malaysia, Singapore and is expanding to other countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and South Africa.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility is an American consumer electronics and telecommunications company founded in 2011 as the result of a split of Motorola.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility, formerly owned by Google, but now owned by the Chinese company Lenovo, is based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ From the January 2011 split, Motorola Mobility took on the company's consumer-oriented product lines, including its mobile phone business and its cable modems and set-top boxes for digital cable and satellite television services, while Motorola Solutions retained the company's enterprise-oriented product lines.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ The company primarily manufactures smartphones and other mobile devices running the Android operating system developed by Google.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Bill Bruford __knowledge__ William Scott Bruford (born 17 May 1949) is an English retired drummer, percussionist, songwriter, producer, and record label owner who first gained prominence as the original drummer of the rock band Yes, from 1968 to 1972.", "Bill Bruford __knowledge__ After his departure from Yes, Bruford spent the rest of the 1970s playing in King Crimson, touring with Genesis and U.K., and eventually forming his own group, Bruford.", "Bill Bruford __knowledge__ In the 1980s, Bruford returned to King Crimson for three years, collaborated with several artists including The Roches, Patrick Moraz, and David Torn, and formed his jazz band Earthworks in 1986.", "Bill Bruford __knowledge__ He then played in Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe which led to his return to Yes, lasting until 1992.", "Going for the One __knowledge__ Going for the One is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Yes, released on 15 July 1977 by Atlantic Records.", "Going for the One __knowledge__ The album was recorded in Montreux, Switzerland after the band took a break in activity for each member to release a solo album and their 1976 North American tour.", "Going for the One __knowledge__ It marks the departure of keyboardist Patrick Moraz and the return of Rick Wakeman, who had left to pursue his solo career after musical differences surrounding \"Tales from Topographic Oceans\" (1973).", "Going for the One __knowledge__ In a departure from their previous three albums, \"Going for the One\" features shorter and more direct songs written without a unifying theme or concept, and saw Yes record with new producers, engineers and cover designers.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon Louis James (born February 18, 1982), better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper and actor.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is from the Harlem neighborhood in New York City, and is a member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats.", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He appeared on Cam'ron's 2002 singles, \"Oh Boy\" and \"Hey Ma\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ In 2003, his debut album \"From Me to U\" was released by Roc-A-Fella Records; his next album \"What the Game's Been Missing!\"", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ contained the top-ten single \"There It Go (The Whistle Song)\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ He is currently working on his third studio album \"Born to Lose, Built to Win\".", "Juelz Santana __knowledge__ LaRon James was born in New York City, to an African-American father & a Dominican mother.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born in 1934 in West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Scott is a contemporary self-taught artist whose work began to be recognized in the United States in the late 1980s.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ Lorenzo Scott was born on July 23, 1934 in the small, bustling mill village and railroad hub of West Point, Georgia.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ When his mother, who worked in the fields supplying cotton to the local mills, lost her job during the Depression, the family moved to Atlanta in search of work.", "Lorenzo Scott __knowledge__ One of eleven children, Lorenzo tells of a time in his youth when he first saw his mother make a sketch, and knew even at an early age that he wanted to be able to draw like that." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Smartphone __knowledge__ A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all smartphones also support Wi-Fi.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are much larger.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ They are able to run a variety of software components, known as “apps”.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Most basic apps (e.g.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ event calendar, camera, web browser) come pre-installed with the system, while others are available for download from places like the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Apps can receive bug fixes and gain additional functionality through software updates; similarly, operating systems are able to update.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Modern smartphones have a touchscreen color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface and enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type and press onscreen icons to activate \"app\" features.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Mobile payment is now a common theme amongst most smartphones.", "Smartphone __knowledge__ Today, smartphones largely fulfill most people's needs for a telephone, digital camera and video camera, GPS navigation, a media player, clock, news, calculator, web browser, handheld video game player, flashlight, compass, an address book, note-taking, digital messaging, an event calendar, etc.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "H2O Wireless __knowledge__ h2o Wireless is a United States-based prepaid GSM phone and Internet service.", "H2O Wireless __knowledge__ It is the brand of mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) Locus Telecommunications, a subsidiary of KDDI America Corporation since 2010, It is primarily advertised as a non-restrictive phone service for customers to bring or buy unsubsidised/unlocked smart phones.", "H2O Wireless __knowledge__ h2o Wireless is prepaid carrier which runs off the GSM 4G LTE network provided by AT&T.", "H2O Wireless __knowledge__ H2O services are compatible with any AT&T phone (even locked and contract phones) and with any unlocked compatible GSM device such as any unlocked T-Mobile phone.", "H2O Wireless __knowledge__ h2o Wireless offers both monthly and pay-as-you-go plans.", "CBS __knowledge__ CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.", "CBS __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).", "CBS __knowledge__ CBS is sometimes referred to as the \"Eye Network\", in reference to the company's iconic logo, in use since 1951.", "CBS __knowledge__ It has also been called the \"Tiffany Network\", alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Oyster card __knowledge__ The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticket used on public transport in Greater London in the United Kingdom.", "Oyster card __knowledge__ It is promoted by Transport for London and is valid on travel modes across London including London Underground, London Buses, the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), London Overground, Tramlink, some river boat services, and most National Rail services within the London fare zones.", "Oyster card __knowledge__ A standard Oyster card is a blue credit-card-sized stored-value contactless smartcard that can hold single tickets, period tickets and travel permits, which must be added to the card before travel.", "Oyster card __knowledge__ Passengers touch it on an electronic reader when entering and leaving the transport system in order to validate it or deduct funds.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ U.S.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Senator John McCain (R-AZ), a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983, a two-time U.S. presidential candidate, and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his senatorial voting record.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Online, McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time, McCain said in June 2008: \"My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Lenovo smartphones are marketed as the \"LePhone\" in Mainland China and the \"IdeaPhone\" overseas.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility, ZUK Mobile and Medion, divisions of Lenovo, sell smartphones under their own brands.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ As of September 2015, Lenovo is in the process of rebranding most of its phones using the Motorola brandname.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Lenovo has implemented an aggressive strategy to replace Samsung as mainland China's top smartphone manufacturer.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ It spent $793.5 million in Wuhan to build a plant that can produce 30 to 40 million phones per year.", "Lenovo smartphones __knowledge__ Data from Analysys International shows that Lenovo's China smartphone sales experienced considerable growth in 2012.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi Inc. (stylized as Mi) ( , , literally \"millet technology\"; or ) is a Chinese electronics and software company headquartered in Beijing.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi designs, develops, and sells smartphones, mobile apps, laptops and related consumer electronics.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi released its first smartphone in August 2011 and has rapidly gained market share in China to become China's largest smartphone company in 2014.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ As of 2017 Xiaomi is the world's 5th largest smartphone company.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi has expanded into developing a wider range of consumer electronics, including a smart home (IoT) device ecosystem.", "Xiaomi __knowledge__ Xiaomi has 15,000 employees in China, India, Malaysia, Singapore and is expanding to other countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and South Africa.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ In addition, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Variants of Android are also used on game consoles, digital cameras, PCs and other electronics.", "Android (operating system) __knowledge__ Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility is an American consumer electronics and telecommunications company founded in 2011 as the result of a split of Motorola.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ Motorola Mobility, formerly owned by Google, but now owned by the Chinese company Lenovo, is based in Chicago, Illinois.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ From the January 2011 split, Motorola Mobility took on the company's consumer-oriented product lines, including its mobile phone business and its cable modems and set-top boxes for digital cable and satellite television services, while Motorola Solutions retained the company's enterprise-oriented product lines.", "Motorola Mobility __knowledge__ The company primarily manufactures smartphones and other mobile devices running the Android operating system developed by Google.", "Lenovo __knowledge__ Lenovo Group Ltd. or Lenovo PC International, often shortened to Lenovo ( ; formerly stylized as lenovo), is a Chinese multinational technology company with headquarters in Beijing, China and Morrisville, North Carolina.", "Lenovo __knowledge__ It designs, develops, manufactures and sells personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, electronic storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions.", "Lenovo __knowledge__ Lenovo is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales since 2013.", "Lenovo __knowledge__ It markets the ThinkPad line of notebook computers, IdeaPad, Yoga and Legion and lines of notebook laptops, and the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktops.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Originally known as Research In Motion (RIM), it is best known to the general public as the former developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones, and tablets, it transitioned to an enterprise software and services company under CEO John S. Chen.", "BlackBerry Limited __knowledge__ Its products are used worldwide by various businesses, car makers, and government agencies, and include the AtHoc crisis communications platform, the QNX real-time operating system, and BlackBerry UEM, an endpoint management platform." ] ]	[ 20, 51, 0, 0 ]	[ "I remember there being a lot of fuss because apple removed the headphone jack on the 7", "oh yes could have been 8 or X that they did that with", "I'm probably the only person in the US who doesn't own a smartphone", "I did have a smartphone for a while and then switched to a pay as you go and found I really didn't use either of them" ]	[ "Smartphone", "Smartphone", "Smartphone", "Smartphone" ]
[ "Truck driver", "Oh? Where did that become a turn around point? What did you decide to do instead?", "Oh that's cool. Where would you want to drive around?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "Love Can't Turn Around __knowledge__ \"Love Can't Turn Around\" is an 1986 song by Farley \"Jackmaster\" Funk featuring Darryl Pandy.", "Love Can't Turn Around __knowledge__ It holds an important place in the history of house music as the first record in that genre to cross over from the clubs into the UK Singles Chart.", "Love Can't Turn Around __knowledge__ The song's origin was \"I Can't Turn Around\", the lead single from Isaac Hayes' 1975 album \"Chocolate Chip\".", "Love Can't Turn Around __knowledge__ This album was notable for being the first on which Hayes moved on from funk to embrace the then-fashionable disco sound.", "Love Can't Turn Around __knowledge__ Hayes' original version remained a club favourite for many years and was often played at The Warehouse, the influential Chicago nightclub which was the focus of the house music scene in the mid-1980s.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the Sci Fi Channel game show \"Cha$e\".", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Gameboard: The Harbor 1.0 \"Note: In this and subsequent tables, \"Lost\" means the player had not been captured when the game ended (either as time expired or a contestant reached the exit point).", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Map: Terminal Island, a deserted seaside port with two ferries provided for easy shuttling.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Only three contestants could ride a ferry at once, and none of the hunters could board them.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ The contestants' first mission was to arrange barrels in a specific order.", "List of Cha$e episodes __knowledge__ Midway through the first mission, the first two hunters, Grant and Vazquez, were released.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ \"Si demain... (Turn Around)\" is a 2003 bilingual song recorded by Bonnie Tyler and Kareen Antonn, composed by Jim Steinman and re-written in French by Emmanuel Pribys.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ As the lead single from Tyler's album \"Simply Believe\", the song became a huge hit in France, where it topped the chart for three months, and in other French-speaking European countries.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ It also helped launch the career of French singer Kareen Antonn.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ The music video finds Tyler taking Antonn in after a breakup.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ The song was well received by music critics, who regarded the success of the single as Bonnie Tyler's comeback.", "Si demain... (Turn Around) __knowledge__ \"Si demain... (Turn Around)\" was certified Platinum in France and Belgium in 2004.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ Point Pedro (; ) is a town, located in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka, at the northernmost point of the island.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ Cotton is produced around Point Pedro in the fertile calcic red latosol soils.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ The eastern coast of Point Pedro forms a 3 mile wide, 20 mile long beach with sand dunes up to 100 feet high, extending to Thalayady.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ The porous soil has a water table deep underground with an estimated one billion litres of fresh water.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ The Boxing Day tsunami of 2004 raised the salt content of the ground water.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ The tsunami destroyed parts of the town and submerged some parts with seawater up to 4 feet deep.", "Point Pedro __knowledge__ The town came briefly under the control of the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) during the early 1990s, until the Sri Lankan Army recaptured it in 1995.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ \"The Fast and the Furious\" is an American action film series produced by Neal H. Moritz and distributed by Universal Pictures.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Consisting of eight films and two short films, the following is a list of characters from \"The Fast and the Furious\".", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ During the production of \"Furious 7\", Paul Walker died in a single-vehicle accident on November 30, 2013.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ As a result, his character Brian O'Conner was written out as retired.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Walker's brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used among others as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes, and the film is dedicated to him.", "List of The Fast and the Furious characters __knowledge__ Dominic \"Dom\" Toretto appears in all of the films in the series but \"2 Fast 2 Furious\", in which he is only mentioned.", "Semi-trailer truck __knowledge__ A semi-trailer truck (more commonly semi truck or simply \"semi\") is the combination of a tractor unit and one or more semi-trailers to carry freight.", "Semi-trailer truck __knowledge__ A semi-trailer attaches to the tractor with a fifth wheel hitch, with much of its weight borne by the tractor.", "Semi-trailer truck __knowledge__ The result is that both the tractor and semi-trailer will have a distinctly different design than a rigid truck and trailer.", "Semi-trailer truck __knowledge__ It is variously known as a \"transport\" in Canada; \"semi\" or \"single\" in Australia and New Zealand; \"semi\", \"tractor-trailer\", \"big rig\", or \"eighteen-wheeler\" in the United States; and \"articulated lorry\", abbreviated \"artic\", in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of the trucking industry in United States popular culture spans the depictions of trucks and truck drivers, as images of the masculine side of trucking are a common theme.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of drivers ranges from the heroes of the 1950s, living a life of freedom on the open road, to the depiction of troubled serial killers of the 1990s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Songs and movies about truck drivers were first popular in the 1940s, and mythologized their wandering lifestyle in the 1960s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Truck drivers were glorified as modern day cowboys, outlaws, and rebels during the peak of trucker culture in the 1970s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ During the latter portion of the 20th century, the trucking industry's image began to wane, and their reputation suffered.", "Duel (1971 film) __knowledge__ Duel is a 1971 television (and later full-length theatrical) road thriller film written by Richard Matheson, which is based on his own short story.", "Duel (1971 film) __knowledge__ The film is the full-length film directing debut of American director, producer, and screenwriter Steven Spielberg.", "Duel (1971 film) __knowledge__ \"Duel\" stars Dennis Weaver who portrays a terrified motorist driving a Plymouth Valiant who is stalked upon remote and lonely California canyon roads by the mostly unseen driver of an unkempt 1955 Peterbilt 281 tanker truck.", "Duel (1971 film) __knowledge__ David Mann is a middle-aged salesman driving on a business trip.", "Duel (1971 film) __knowledge__ He encounters a tanker truck on a two-lane highway in the Mojave Desert, traveling below the speed limit and expelling sooty diesel exhaust.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family, later referred to as the Soprano crime family, is a fictional Mafia family from the HBO series \"The Sopranos.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ It is thought to be loosely based on the DeCavalcante crime family, a real New Jersey Mafia family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family consists of an administration and six crews.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from \"The Sopranos\" that are associated with the DiMeo crime family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ In the series, the DiMeo crime family is believed to have been formed in Northern New Jersey in the 1950s.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ Ercole DiMeo is believed to have been the first official boss, although according to the book, \"The Sopranos Family History\" by Allen Rucker and David Chase, there was an earlier boss named Alfano, but he is never mentioned in the series.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Kyle Thomas \"Rowdy\" Busch (born May 2, 1985) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He is the driver of the No.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ 18 Toyota Camry in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and the No.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ 18 Camry in the NASCAR Xfinity Series for Joe Gibbs Racing.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He also owns Kyle Busch Motorsports, which runs multiple trucks in the Camping World Truck Series.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Busch is the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series champion and the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Busch is the younger brother of 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series champion Kurt Busch.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He also currently holds several records in NASCAR competition, including the most race wins in a season across the top three NASCAR series, with 24 wins, which he accomplished in 2010." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ The Sinclair C5 is a small one-person battery electric vehicle, technically an \"electrically assisted pedal cycle\".", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ It was the culmination of Sir Clive Sinclair's long-running interest in electric vehicles.", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ Although widely described as an \"electric car\", Sinclair characterised it as a \"vehicle, not a car\".", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ Sinclair had become one of the UK's best-known millionaires, and earned a knighthood, on the back of the highly successful Sinclair Research range of home computers in the early 1980s.", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ He hoped to repeat his success in the electric vehicle market, which he saw as ripe for a new approach.", "Sinclair C5 __knowledge__ The C5 emerged from an earlier project to produce a small electric car called the C1.", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ Drive is a 2011 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Danish filmmaker Nicolas Winding Refn.", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay, written by Hossein Amini, is based on James Sallis' 2005 novel \"Drive\".", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ The film stars Ryan Gosling as an unnamed, Hollywood stunt driver moonlighting as a getaway driver.", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ He quickly grows fond of his neighbor, Irene (Carey Mulligan) and her young son, Benicio.", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ Her debt-ridden husband, Standard (Oscar Isaac), is released from prison, and hires him to take part in what turns out to be a botched million-dollar heist that endangers their lives.", "Drive (2011 film) __knowledge__ Bryan Cranston, Christina Hendricks, Ron Perlman and Albert Brooks play supporting roles.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune Records was an American family operated, independent record label located in Detroit, Michigan from 1946 to 1995.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ The label owners were Jack and Devora Brown, their son Sheldon Brown recorded for the label.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Original releases tapered off after 1972 aside from a few albums in the mid-1980s.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune specialized in R&B, blues, soul and doo-wop music, although the label also released pop, big band, hillbilly, gospel, rock and roll, and polka records.", "Fortune Records __knowledge__ Fortune released some doo-wop tunes by Nolan Strong & The Diablos, such as \"The Wind\" (Fortune 511, 1954), \"The Way You Dog Me Around\" (Fortune 518, 1955), and \"Mind Over Matter\" (Fortune 546, 1962).", "The Stig __knowledge__ The Stig is a character on the British motoring television show \"Top Gear\".", "The Stig __knowledge__ The character is a play on the anonymity of racing drivers' full-face helmets, with the running joke that nobody knows who is inside the Stig's racing suit.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The Stig's primary role is setting lap times for cars tested on the show, as well as instructing celebrity guests, off-camera, for the show's \"Star in a Reasonably Priced Car\" segment.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The identity of the original \"Black\" Stig, Perry McCarthy, was exposed by a Sunday newspaper in January 2003, and confirmed by McCarthy later that year.", "The Stig __knowledge__ The black-suited Stig was subsequently \"killed off\" that October in the series 3 premiere, and replaced in the following episode by a new White Stig who lasted through to the end of series 15.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid car manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Buick Velite 5 in China, Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010, followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ Global combined Volt/Ampera family sales totaled about 134,500 units by the end of December 2016.", "Chevrolet Volt __knowledge__ The U.S. is the leading market, with 113,489 Volts delivered, followed by Canada with 8,884 Volts sold through November 2016.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ The trucking industry serves the American economy by transporting large quantities of raw materials, works in process, and finished goods over land—typically from manufacturing plants to retail distribution centers.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Trucks are also used in the construction industry, as dump trucks and portable concrete mixers move the large amounts of rocks, dirt, concrete, and other building materials used in construction.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Trucks in America are responsible for the majority of freight movement over land and are tools in the manufacturing, transportation, and warehousing industries.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Large trucks and buses require a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate.", "Work-related road safety in the United States __knowledge__ People who are driving as part of their work duties are an important road user category.", "Work-related road safety in the United States __knowledge__ First, workers themselves are at risk of road traffic injury.", "Work-related road safety in the United States __knowledge__ Contributing factors include fatigue and long work hours, delivery pressures, distractions from mobile phones and other devices, lack of training to operate the assigned vehicle, vehicle defects, use of prescription and non-prescription medications, medical conditions, and poor journey planning.", "Work-related road safety in the United States __knowledge__ Death, disability, or injury of a family wage earner due to road traffic injury, in addition to causing emotional pain and suffering, creates economic hardship for the injured worker and family members that may persist well beyond the event itself.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of the trucking industry in United States popular culture spans the depictions of trucks and truck drivers, as images of the masculine side of trucking are a common theme.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of drivers ranges from the heroes of the 1950s, living a life of freedom on the open road, to the depiction of troubled serial killers of the 1990s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Songs and movies about truck drivers were first popular in the 1940s, and mythologized their wandering lifestyle in the 1960s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Truck drivers were glorified as modern day cowboys, outlaws, and rebels during the peak of trucker culture in the 1970s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ During the latter portion of the 20th century, the trucking industry's image began to wane, and their reputation suffered.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ Hours of Service (HOS) regulations are issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and govern the working hours of anyone operating a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) in the United States.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ These regulations apply to truck drivers, commercial and city bus drivers, and school bus drivers who operate CMVs.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ These rules limit the number of daily and weekly hours spent driving and working, and regulate the minimum amount of time drivers must spend resting between driving shifts.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ For intrastate commerce, the respective state's regulations apply.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ The FMCSA is a division of the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), which is generally responsible for enforcement of FMCSA regulations.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 2 ]	[ "I always thought if i couldnt make it as anything id just become a truck driver and just drive a semi truck around the country.", "Im in engineering right now but if things dont go well Ive always liked driving for hours on end, its soothing and truck drivers provide an essential service to society", "well when you become a truck driver you drive around the entire country transporting goods and raw materials so it wouldnt be any place in particular" ]	[ "Truck driver", "Truck driver", "Truck driver" ]
[ "Opah\nI like to fish for Opah how about you?", "I have heard those are very tasty", "What do you know about Opahs?", "I dont know if I would want to mount one but I would love to eat it!", "Are they a expensive fish?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).", "Opah __knowledge__ Only two living species occur in a single genus: \"Lampris\" (from the Greek \"lamprid-\", \"brilliant\" or \"clear\").", "Opah __knowledge__ One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit.", "Opah __knowledge__ Two additional species, one in the genus \"Lampris\" and the other in the monotypic \"Megalampris\", are only known from fossil remains.", "Opah __knowledge__ The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah specimens are rarely caught by recreational anglers.", "Opah __knowledge__ They are prized trophies for deep-water anglers as their large size and attractive form lend themselves well to taxidermy.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs are frequently caught as bycatch in many longline tuna fisheries.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah is becoming increasingly popular in seafood markets.", "Opah __knowledge__ It first became popular as a sushi and sashimi in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Opah __knowledge__ The meat is lightly flavored and lends itself well to a variety of preparations, principally sauté.", "Rete mirabile __knowledge__ A rete mirabile (Latin for \"wonderful net\"; plural retia mirabilia) is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other, found in some vertebrates, mainly warm-blooded ones.", "Rete mirabile __knowledge__ The rete mirabile utilizes countercurrent blood flow within the net (blood flowing in opposite directions) to act as a countercurrent exchanger.", "Rete mirabile __knowledge__ It exchanges heat, ions, or gases between vessel walls so that the two bloodstreams within the rete maintain a gradient with respect to temperature, or concentration of gases or solutes.", "Rete mirabile __knowledge__ This term was coined by Galen.", "Rete mirabile __knowledge__ The effectiveness of retia is primarily determined by how readily the heat, ions, or gases can be exchanged.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ Lampriformes is an order of ray-finned fish.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ Members are collectively called lamprids (which is more properly used for the Lampridae) or lampriforms, and unite such open-ocean and partially deep-sea Teleostei as the crestfishes, oarfish, opahs, and ribbonfishes.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ A synonym for this order is Allotriognathi, while an often-seen, but apparently incorrect, spelling variant is Lampridiformes.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ They contain seven extant families which are generally small but highly distinct, and a mere 12 lampriform genera with some 20 species altogether are recognized.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ The scientific name literally means \"shaped (like the) bright (one)\", as \"lampr-\", meaning bright, comes from \"lampris\", the generic name for the opah.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Also, the dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, allowing it to act as a stabilizing agent.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Additionally, the swim bladder functions as a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ The swim bladder is evolutionarily homologous to the lungs.", "Swim bladder __knowledge__ Charles Darwin remarked upon this in \"On the Origin of Species\".", "Kampung Boy (TV series) __knowledge__ Kampung Boy is a Malaysian animated television series first broadcast in 1997.", "Kampung Boy (TV series) __knowledge__ It is about the adventures of a young boy, Mat, and his life in a \"kampung\" (village).", "Kampung Boy (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is adapted from the best-selling graphical novel \"The Kampung Boy\", an autobiography of local cartoonist Lat.", "Kampung Boy (TV series) __knowledge__ Comprising two seasons and 26 episodes—one of which won an Annecy Award—the series was first shown on Malaysian satellite television network Astro before being distributed to 60 other countries such as Canada and Germany, the series began airing on September 14, 1999 and ended on September 12, 2000.", "Kampung Boy (TV series) __knowledge__ A main theme of \"Kampung Boy\" is the contrast between the traditional rural way of life and the modern urban lifestyle.", "Osteichthyes __knowledge__ Osteichthyes , popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage.", "Osteichthyes __knowledge__ The vast majority of fish are members of Osteichthyes, which is an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 orders, and over 435 families and 28,000 species.", "Osteichthyes __knowledge__ It is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today.", "Osteichthyes __knowledge__ The group Osteichthyes is divided into the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii).", "Osteichthyes __knowledge__ The oldest known fossils of bony fish are about 420 million years ago, which are also transitional fossils, showing a tooth pattern that is in between the tooth rows of sharks and bony fishes.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ The cuisine of Hawaii incorporates five distinct styles of food reflecting the diverse food history of settlement and immigration in the Hawaiian Islands.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ In the pre-contact period of Ancient Hawaii (300 AD–1778), Polynesian voyagers brought plants and animals to the Islands.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ As Native Hawaiians settled the area, they fished, raised taro for \"poi\", planted coconuts, sugarcane, sweet potatoes and yams, and cooked meat and fish in earth ovens.", "Cuisine of Hawaii __knowledge__ After first contact in 1778, European and American cuisine arrived along with missionaries and whalers, who introduced their own foods and built large sugarcane plantations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).", "Opah __knowledge__ Only two living species occur in a single genus: \"Lampris\" (from the Greek \"lamprid-\", \"brilliant\" or \"clear\").", "Opah __knowledge__ One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit.", "Opah __knowledge__ Two additional species, one in the genus \"Lampris\" and the other in the monotypic \"Megalampris\", are only known from fossil remains.", "Opah __knowledge__ The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah specimens are rarely caught by recreational anglers.", "Opah __knowledge__ They are prized trophies for deep-water anglers as their large size and attractive form lend themselves well to taxidermy.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs are frequently caught as bycatch in many longline tuna fisheries.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah is becoming increasingly popular in seafood markets.", "Opah __knowledge__ It first became popular as a sushi and sashimi in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Opah __knowledge__ The meat is lightly flavored and lends itself well to a variety of preparations, principally sauté.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty!, also known as Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee – New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ and stylized as New 'n' Tasty!", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ – Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee, is a 2014 cinematic platform video game developed by Just Add Water and published by Oddworld Inhabitants as a \"ground-up remake\" of \"\".", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The game was released in North America on 22 July 2014 and in Europe on 23 July 2014 for the PlayStation 4.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ The title was also released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita and Wii U.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ It has been lately ported on iOS and Android and released worldwide on 14 December 2017.", "Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty! __knowledge__ In 2016, series creator Lorne Lanning announced at the Game Developers Conference that a follow up to \"Oddworld: New 'n' Tasty\", titled \"Oddworld: Soulstorm\", is in development.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Variable envelope return path (VERP) is a technique used by some electronic mailing list software to enable automatic detection and removal of undeliverable e-mail addresses.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ It works by using a different return path (also called \"envelope sender\") for each recipient of a message.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Any long-lived mailing list is going to eventually contain addresses that can't be reached.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ Addresses that were once valid can become unusable because the person receiving the mail there has switched to a different provider.", "Variable envelope return path __knowledge__ In another scenario, the address may still exist but be abandoned, with unread mail accumulating until there is not enough room left to accept any more.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ An electronic mailing list or email list is a special use of email that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ It is similar to a traditional mailing list – a list of names and addresses – as might be kept by an organization for sending publications to its members or customers, but typically refers to four things: Electronic mailing lists usually are fully or partially automated through the use of special mailing list software and a reflector address set up on a server capable of receiving email.", "Electronic mailing list __knowledge__ Incoming messages sent to the reflector address are processed by the software, and, depending on their content, are acted upon internally (in the case of messages containing commands directed at the software itself) or are distributed to all email addresses subscribed to the mailing list.", "Tasty Sandwich Shop __knowledge__ The Tasty Sandwich Shop, sometimes referred to as “The Tasty”, was located near the intersection of JFK Street and Brattle Street, at the center of Harvard Square, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.", "Tasty Sandwich Shop __knowledge__ It was housed in the Read Block building, which was the site of the home of colonial poet Anne Bradstreet.", "Tasty Sandwich Shop __knowledge__ The Tasty closed in 1997, after 81 years in business, and was later replaced by the chain stores Abercrombie & Fitch and Pacific Sunwear, then Citizens Bank and, the current occupant, a CVS Pharmacy.", "Tasty Sandwich Shop __knowledge__ The Tasty was a tiny one-room diner and lunch counter, its customer area no more than seven feet wide and thirty feet deep, with a narrow counter made of yellow linoleum.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ A cypherpunk (/ˈsʌɪfəpʌŋk/ /ˈsʌɪfərpʌŋk/) is any activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a route to social and political change.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Originally communicating through the Cypherpunks electronic mailing list, informal groups aimed to achieve privacy and security through proactive use of cryptography.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Cypherpunks have been engaged in an active movement since the late 1980s.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ Until about the 1970s, cryptography was mainly practiced in secret by military or spy agencies.", "Cypherpunk __knowledge__ However, that changed when two publications brought it out of the closet into public awareness: the US government publication of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a block cipher which became very widely used; and the first publicly available work on public-key cryptography, by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.", "Big N' Tasty __knowledge__ The Big N’ Tasty is a hamburger sold by the international fast food chain McDonald's.", "Big N' Tasty __knowledge__ It is designed to compete with the Burger King Whopper sandwich.", "Big N' Tasty __knowledge__ A similar variation called the Big Tasty, without the center \"N'\", which was first released in Jordan, is sold outside the United States in parts of Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Taiwan.", "Big N' Tasty __knowledge__ The Big N' Tasty consists of a seasoned quarter-pound (4 oz, 113.4 g) beef patty with ketchup, mayonnaise, slivered onions, two dill pickle slices, leaf lettuce, and one tomato slice on a sesame seed bun.", "Big N' Tasty __knowledge__ The Big Tasty configuration is somewhat different, consisting of a third-pound (151 g) beef patty, 5-inch (12.7 cm) sesame seed bun, square-cut lettuce, two tomato slices, sliced onions, three slices of Emmental cheese, and Big Tasty sauce (which has a smoke flavor).", "Lampris guttatus __knowledge__ Lampris guttatus, commonly known as the opah, cravo, moonfish, kingfish, and Jerusalem haddock, is a large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fish belonging to the family Lampridae, which comprises the genus \"Lampris\", with two extant species.", "Lampris guttatus __knowledge__ It is a pelagic fish with a worldwide distribution.", "Lampris guttatus __knowledge__ While it is common to locations such as Hawaii and west Africa, it remains uncommon in others, including the Mediterranean.", "Lampris guttatus __knowledge__ In the places where \"L. guttatus\" is prevalent, it is not a target of fishing, though it does represent an important commercial component of bycatch.", "Lampris guttatus __knowledge__ It is common in restaurants in Hawaii.", "Lampris zatima __knowledge__ Lampris zatima is the oldest known opah of the genus Lampris, from the Late Miocene of Southern California (the giant opah of the genus \"Megalampris\", of Late Oligocene New Zealand, is older).", "Lampris zatima __knowledge__ Its fossil record is rather poor, known primarily from isolated vertebral columns, and a few headless specimens.", "Lampris zatima __knowledge__ Alive, it is estimated to have been around 20 to 30 centimeters long.", "Lampris zatima __knowledge__ Mistakenly, it was later re-described as a surfperch, \"Dascles dassurus\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ The ballad evolved from \"Hey Jules\", a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.", "Hey Jude __knowledge__ \"Hey Jude\" was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles' record label Apple Records.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Hey Hey It's Saturday was a long-running variety television program on Australian television.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ It initially ran for 27 years on the Nine Network from on 9 October 1971 to 20 November 1999 (there was a recess in 1978).", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ Its host throughout its entire run was Daryl Somers, who later also became executive producer of the program.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ The original producer, Gavin Disney, left the program in the 1980s and Somers then jointly formed his own production company, \"Somers Carroll Productions\", with on-screen partner Ernie Carroll, the performer of Somers' puppet sidekick Ossie Ostrich.", "Hey Hey It's Saturday __knowledge__ On 25 July 2009, the Nine Network announced the show would return for two reunion specials in late 2009 and hinted if they rated strongly, the show could return full-time.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).", "Opah __knowledge__ Only two living species occur in a single genus: \"Lampris\" (from the Greek \"lamprid-\", \"brilliant\" or \"clear\").", "Opah __knowledge__ One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit.", "Opah __knowledge__ Two additional species, one in the genus \"Lampris\" and the other in the monotypic \"Megalampris\", are only known from fossil remains.", "Opah __knowledge__ The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah specimens are rarely caught by recreational anglers.", "Opah __knowledge__ They are prized trophies for deep-water anglers as their large size and attractive form lend themselves well to taxidermy.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs are frequently caught as bycatch in many longline tuna fisheries.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah is becoming increasingly popular in seafood markets.", "Opah __knowledge__ It first became popular as a sushi and sashimi in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Opah __knowledge__ The meat is lightly flavored and lends itself well to a variety of preparations, principally sauté.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ Lampriformes is an order of ray-finned fish.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ Members are collectively called lamprids (which is more properly used for the Lampridae) or lampriforms, and unite such open-ocean and partially deep-sea Teleostei as the crestfishes, oarfish, opahs, and ribbonfishes.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ A synonym for this order is Allotriognathi, while an often-seen, but apparently incorrect, spelling variant is Lampridiformes.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ They contain seven extant families which are generally small but highly distinct, and a mere 12 lampriform genera with some 20 species altogether are recognized.", "Lampriformes __knowledge__ The scientific name literally means \"shaped (like the) bright (one)\", as \"lampr-\", meaning bright, comes from \"lampris\", the generic name for the opah.", "Katalin Bogyay __knowledge__ Katalin Annamária Bogyay (born 20 August 1956) is a Hungarian diplomat.", "Katalin Bogyay __knowledge__ She is the current Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Permanent Representative of Hungary to the United Nations in New York (1 January 2015-) and the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Permanent Delegate of Hungary to UNESCO (2009–2014) and the President of the 36th session of UNESCO General Conference (2011–13).", "Katalin Bogyay __knowledge__ Katalin Bogyay was born in Székesfehérvár, Hungary.", "Katalin Bogyay __knowledge__ She graduated in Economics at the Corvinus University of Budapest and obtained a Master of Arts in Communications from the University of Westminster(London) with Chevening Scholarship.", "Cookiecutter shark __knowledge__ The cookiecutter shark (\"Isistius brasiliensis\"), also called the cigar shark, is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae.", "Cookiecutter shark __knowledge__ This shark occurs in warm, oceanic waters worldwide, particularly near islands, and has been recorded as deep as .", "Cookiecutter shark __knowledge__ It migrates vertically up to every day, approaching the surface at dusk and descending with the dawn.", "Cookiecutter shark __knowledge__ Reaching only in length, the cookiecutter shark has a long, cylindrical body with a short, blunt snout, large eyes, two tiny spineless dorsal fins, and a large caudal fin.", "Cookiecutter shark __knowledge__ It is dark brown, with light-emitting photophores covering its underside except for a dark \"collar\" around its throat and gill slits.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ Captain Qwark is a fictional character from Insomniac Games' \"Ratchet & Clank\" video game series.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ He first appeared in the 2002 video game \"Ratchet & Clank\" as one of the main antagonists.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ He then became the main antagonist of the second game.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ However starting with the third game onward, he switches sides and now assists the protagonists.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ In the series, Qwark is a selfish, deluded coward willing to do daring acts in order to gain money and publicity.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ He also has been known to temporarily side with the villains and betray his allies in order to save himself.", "Captain Qwark __knowledge__ However, as of the end of the third game, he has become much more moral, though he still remains a coward.", "Battleford Court House __knowledge__ Battleford Court House is the facility located in Battleford to provide a public forum used by the Saskatchewan legal system to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour, administrative and criminal justice under its laws.", "Battleford Court House __knowledge__ In 1785, a fur trading post was built at Battleford.", "Battleford Court House __knowledge__ The Dominion government acquired the North-West the Hudson's Bay Company in 1870, and in 1873, created the North-West Mounted Police to maintain law and order.", "Battleford Court House __knowledge__ In 1876 Fort Battleford was established, a North-West Mounted Police post.", "Battleford Court House __knowledge__ Shortly thereafter, in 1877 the capital of the North West Territories moved from Fort Pitt to Battleford.", "List of marine bony fishes of South Africa __knowledge__ This is a sublist of the List of marine fishes of South Africa for bony fishes recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa.", "List of marine bony fishes of South Africa __knowledge__ This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges.", "List of marine bony fishes of South Africa __knowledge__ Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa.", "List of marine bony fishes of South Africa __knowledge__ List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Wikispecies, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Montauk Variations __knowledge__ Montauk Variations is Perrier Award-winning British pianist/cellist Matthew Bourne's first studio album as a solo artist.", "Montauk Variations __knowledge__ The album was inspired by Bourne's trip to Montauk, New York in August 2009 and was recorded at Dartington Hall in Devon.", "Montauk Variations __knowledge__ It is composed almost entirely of solo piano, with some cello overdubs.", "Montauk Variations __knowledge__ The album contains several personal dedications, including to musicians Keith Tippett and John Zorn.", "Montauk Variations __knowledge__ Bourne is vocal about his admiration for Zorn, with whom he has worked in New York, and the choice of recording location is the connection with Tippett, who also recorded an album at Dartington Hall.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene) to approximately 560 years ago.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ They include both living and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ The diversity of subfossil lemur communities was greater than that of present-day lemur communities, ranging from as high as 20 or more species per location, compared with 10 to 12 species today.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Extinct species are estimated to have ranged in size from slightly over to roughly .", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ It is also colloquially referred to as \"the stans\" as the countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix \"-stan\", meaning \"land of\".", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia is sometimes referred to as Turkestan.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ Central Asia has a population of about /1e6 round 0 million, consisting of five republics: Kazakhstan (pop.", "Central Asia __knowledge__ /1e6 round 0 million), Kyrgyzstan (/1e6 round 0 million), Tajikistan (/1e6 round 0 million), Turkmenistan (/1e6 round 0 million), and Uzbekistan (/1e6 round 0 million).", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The history of Central Asia concerns the history of the various peoples that have inhabited Central Asia.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The lifestyle of such people has been determined primarily by the area's climate and geography.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The aridity of the region makes agriculture difficult and distance from the sea cut it off from much trade.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Thus, few major cities developed in the region.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Nomadic horse peoples of the steppe dominated the area for millennia.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ Relations between the steppe nomads and the settled people in and around Central Asia were marked by conflict.", "History of Central Asia __knowledge__ The nomadic lifestyle was well suited to warfare, and the steppe horse riders became some of the most militarily potent people in the world, due to the devastating techniques and ability of their horse archers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).", "Opah __knowledge__ Only two living species occur in a single genus: \"Lampris\" (from the Greek \"lamprid-\", \"brilliant\" or \"clear\").", "Opah __knowledge__ One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit.", "Opah __knowledge__ Two additional species, one in the genus \"Lampris\" and the other in the monotypic \"Megalampris\", are only known from fossil remains.", "Opah __knowledge__ The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah specimens are rarely caught by recreational anglers.", "Opah __knowledge__ They are prized trophies for deep-water anglers as their large size and attractive form lend themselves well to taxidermy.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs are frequently caught as bycatch in many longline tuna fisheries.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah is becoming increasingly popular in seafood markets.", "Opah __knowledge__ It first became popular as a sushi and sashimi in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Opah __knowledge__ The meat is lightly flavored and lends itself well to a variety of preparations, principally sauté.", "Re'eh __knowledge__ Re'eh, Reeh, R'eih, or Ree ( — Hebrew for \"see\", the first word in the parashah) is the 47th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fourth in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Re'eh __knowledge__ It constitutes In the parashah, Moses set before the Israelites the choice between blessing and curse.", "Re'eh __knowledge__ Moses instructed the Israelites in the laws that they were to observe, including the law of a single centralized place of worship.", "Re'eh __knowledge__ Moses warned against following other gods and their prophets and set forth the laws of kashrut, tithes, the Sabbatical year, the Hebrew slave, firstborn animals, and the three pilgrim festivals.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ In July 2012, a storyline began in the British soap opera \"EastEnders\" in which the character Kat Moon, played by Jessie Wallace, embarks on an affair behind her husband Alfie Moon's (Shane Richie) back, with an unknown person.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The suspects named were Ray Dixon (Chucky Venn), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd), Max Branning (Jake Wood), Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman) and Jack Branning (Scott Maslen).", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Ray was the first suspect to be eliminated, on 7 August, followed by Michael on 14 September.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ The mystery man was revealed as Derek in the 20 December episode.", "Who's Been Sleeping with Kat? __knowledge__ Richie dubbed the storyline \"Who's Been Sleeping with Kat?", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Mahesh Chandra Regmi (December 1929 – July 2003) was a historian and archivist of Nepal.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ In 1977, became the first Nepali to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award, Asia's most renowned award, for creating the Research Series.", "Mahesh Chandra Regmi __knowledge__ Regmi was awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1977 for recognition of his“chronicling of Nepal’s past and present, enabling his people to discover their origins anddelineating national options.” The citation presented to him on that occasion can be found atwww.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationRegmiMah.htm In honor of the contributions made by Regmi to the scholarship on Nepal, the Kathmandu-based academic NGO Social Science Baha instituted the annual Mahesh C. Regmi lecture series in 2003, the first of which was attended by Regmi himself, just weeks before his death.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Percy Romeo Miller, Jr. (born August 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Maserati Rome or simply Rome (formerly Lil' Romeo and Romeo) or his acting/business name Romeo Miller, is an American rapper, actor, basketball player, entrepreneur, and model.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Miller is the son of hip hop artist Master P. Miller has founded the record labels Guttar Music, Take A Stand, The Next Generation and his current label No Limit Forever.", "Romeo Miller __knowledge__ Miller gained fame in the early 2000s after signing with No Limit Records, his father's label at the time, with the help of his debut single \"My Baby\" which went on to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" and \"Digimon Adventure 02\" are the first two seasons of the Digimon anime series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ \"Digimon Adventure\" originally aired from March 7, 1999 – March 26, 2000 whilst \"Digimon Adventure 02\" originally aired from April 2, 2000 – March 25, 2001 as a direct sequel to the preceding series.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ Both series feature a variety of different characters but mostly centre upon \"The DigiDestined\", a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ A sequel 6-part movie series titled \"Digimon Adventure tri.\"", "List of Digimon Adventure characters __knowledge__ started airing in November 2015. are a group of children and their partner Digimon who have been chosen to protect the Digital World from various forces of evil.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Marlin fishing (also called billfishing) is considered by some game fishermen to be a pinnacle of offshore game fishing, due to the size and power of the four marlin species and their relative rareness.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ Fishing for marlin captured the imagination of some sport fishermen in the 1930s, when well-known angler/authors Zane Grey, who fished for black, striped, and blue marlin in the Pacific, and Ernest Hemingway, who fished the Florida Keys, Bahamas and Cuba for Atlantic blue marlin and white marlin, wrote extensively about their pursuit and enthused about the sporting qualities of their quarry.", "Marlin fishing __knowledge__ These days a lot of resources are committed to the construction of private and charter billfishing boats to participate in the billfishing tournament circuit.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ Stuffing, filling, or dressing, is an edible substance or mixture, often a starch, used to fill a cavity in another food item while cooking.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ Many foods may be stuffed, including eggs, poultry, seafood, mammals, and vegetables.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ Poultry stuffing often consists of dried breadcrumbs, sausage meat, onion, celery, salt, pepper, and other spices and herbs, a popular herb being sage.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ Giblets are often used.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ Popular additions in the United Kingdom include dried fruits and nuts (notably apricots and flaked almonds), and chestnuts.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ It is not known when stuffings were first used.", "Stuffing __knowledge__ The earliest documentary evidence is the Roman cookbook, \"Apicius De Re Coquinaria\", which contains recipes for stuffed chicken, dormouse, hare, and pig.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ A fishing reel is a cylindrical device attached to a fishing rod used in winding and stowing line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Modern fishing reels usually have fittings aiding in casting for distance and accuracy, as well as retrieving line.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ Fishing reels are traditionally used in the recreational sport of angling and competitive casting.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ They are typically attached to a fishing rod, though some specialized reels are mounted directly to boat gunwales or transoms.", "Fishing reel __knowledge__ The fishing reel was invented in Song dynasty China, where the earliest known illustration of a fishing reel is from Chinese paintings and records beginning about 1195 AD.", "Cutthroat trout __knowledge__ The cutthroat trout is a fish species of the family Salmonidae native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacific Ocean, Rocky Mountains, and Great Basin in North America.", "Cutthroat trout __knowledge__ As a member of the genus \"Oncorhynchus\", it is one of the Pacific trout, a group that includes the widely distributed rainbow trout.", "Cutthroat trout __knowledge__ Cutthroat trout are popular gamefish, especially among anglers who enjoy fly fishing.", "Cutthroat trout __knowledge__ The common name \"cutthroat\" refers to the distinctive red coloration on the underside of the lower jaw.", "Cutthroat trout __knowledge__ The specific name \"clarkii\" was given to honor explorer William Clark, coleader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.", "Bass fishing __knowledge__ Bass fishing is the activity of angling for the North American gamefish known colloquially as the \"black bass\".", "Bass fishing __knowledge__ There are numerous black bass species considered as gamefish in North America, including largemouth bass (\"Micropterus salmoides\"), smallmouth bass (\"Micropterus dolomieui\"), spotted bass or Kentucky bass (\"Micropterus punctulatus\"), and Guadalupe bass (order \"Perciformes\").", "Bass fishing __knowledge__ Modern bass fishing has evolved into a multibillion-dollar industry.", "Bass fishing __knowledge__ The sport has changed drastically since its beginnings in the late 19th century.", "Bass fishing __knowledge__ From humble beginnings, the black bass has become the most specifically sought-after game fish in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae).", "Opah __knowledge__ Only two living species occur in a single genus: \"Lampris\" (from the Greek \"lamprid-\", \"brilliant\" or \"clear\").", "Opah __knowledge__ One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit.", "Opah __knowledge__ Two additional species, one in the genus \"Lampris\" and the other in the monotypic \"Megalampris\", are only known from fossil remains.", "Opah __knowledge__ The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah specimens are rarely caught by recreational anglers.", "Opah __knowledge__ They are prized trophies for deep-water anglers as their large size and attractive form lend themselves well to taxidermy.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opahs are frequently caught as bycatch in many longline tuna fisheries.", "Opah __knowledge__ Opah is becoming increasingly popular in seafood markets.", "Opah __knowledge__ It first became popular as a sushi and sashimi in the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Opah __knowledge__ The meat is lightly flavored and lends itself well to a variety of preparations, principally sauté.", "Jim Valvano __knowledge__ James Thomas Anthony Valvano (March 10, 1946 – April 28, 1993), nicknamed Jimmy V, was an American college basketball player, coach, and broadcaster.", "Jim Valvano __knowledge__ Valvano had an excellent coaching career at multiple teams, most notably at North Carolina State University.", "Jim Valvano __knowledge__ While the head coach at NC State, his team won the 1983 national title against improbable odds.", "Jim Valvano __knowledge__ Valvano is most remembered for his ecstatic celebration after winning the National Championship against the heavily-favored Houston Cougars.", "Jim Valvano __knowledge__ After his career, Valvano gave an inspirational and memorable speech in 1993 at the ESPY Awards, telling listeners to laugh, think, and cry each day, saying “don’t give up.", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ Bob Valvano (born January 29, 1957) is an American sportscaster based in Louisville, Kentucky.", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ During the college-basketball season, he is an analyst for ESPN2, ESPNU and ESPN Plus, mostly covering Big East basketball.", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ When not doing those games, Valvano is the color analyst for University of Louisville men's basketball games on both radio (WKRD 790 AM) and television (WHAS-TV).", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ He formerly coached the Bellarmine University Knights men's basketball team in Louisville.", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ Valvano is also a radio talk-show host on both the national and local level.", "Bob Valvano __knowledge__ Valvano used to host \"The V Show\" on ESPN Radio Friday and Saturday from 1-4 a.m. Eastern Time.", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ The 1982–83 North Carolina State Wolfpack men's basketball team represented North Carolina State University.", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ The Wolfpack were a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ The team went 26–10 on the year, winning the ACC Tournament and eventually the national championship.", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ The Wolfpack entered the season ranked in the Top 20 and entered conference play ranked #19 in the nation.", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ Their first conference game was against Virginia, ranked #2 in the country and undefeated against the Wolfpack's senior class.", "1982–83 NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team __knowledge__ NC State took a lead early behind the shooting of guard and senior captain Dereck Whittenburg, but later in the game Whittenburg went down with a broken foot after landing on a Virginia player's foot following a shot.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ The NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team represents North Carolina State University in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ The Wolfpack currently competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference, of which it was a founding member.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ Prior to joining the ACC in 1954, the Wolfpack was a member of the Southern Conference, where they won seven conference championships.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ As a member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won ten conference championships, as well as two national championships in 1974 and 1983.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ State's unexpected 1983 title was one of the most memorable in NCAA history.", "NC State Wolfpack men's basketball __knowledge__ Since 1999, the Pack has played most of its home games at PNC Arena, which is also where the NCAA championship trophies are kept.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ \"Aap Jaisa Koi\" is a 1980 Hindi-Urdu song from the Bollywood film \"Qurbani\".", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ It was the debut song of Pakistani pop singer Nazia Hassan, and was composed by Indian producer Biddu, with lyrics by Faruk Kaiser.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ The song was featured in the film as an item number, picturised on Zeenat Aman.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ It has been remixed and sampled by many other artists.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ The song was a big hit in the 1980s, and gained cult status in Pakistan and India.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ It was a filmi disco song that revolutionized Pakistani pop, Indi-pop, and Bollywood music.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ Feroz Khan was a famous leading actor of Bollywood in the early 1960s.", "Aap Jaisa Koi __knowledge__ As time passed, he became a director and he acted as a leading actor in many of his films and most of his films of the 1960s and 1970s were hit in the box office.", "Peter Golenbock __knowledge__ Peter Golenbock (born July 19, 1946) is a sports journalist and author.", "Peter Golenbock __knowledge__ He has written nine New York Times best sellers including \"Dynasty: The New York Yankees 1949-1964\", \"The Bronx Zoo\" (with Sparky Lyle), \"Number 1\" (with Billy Martin), \"Balls\" (with Graig Nettles), \"Personal Fouls\", \"Idiot\" (with Johnny Damon), \"Presumed Guilty\" (with Jose Baez), \"American Prince\" (with Tony Curtis), and \"Driven\" (with Donald Driver).", "Peter Golenbock __knowledge__ Golenbock was working as a lawyer for Prentice-Hall in the summer of 1972 when he knocked on the door of Nick D'Incecco, the head of P-H's trade book division, and told D'Incecco he wanted to write a history of the Casey Stengel New York Yankees.", "1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament __knowledge__ The 1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 52 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball.", "1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament __knowledge__ It began on March 17, 1983, and ended with the championship game on April 4 at The Pit, then officially known as University Arena, on the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.", "1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament __knowledge__ A total of 51 games were played.", "1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament __knowledge__ North Carolina State, coached by Jim Valvano, won the national title with a 54–52 victory in the final game over Houston, coached by Guy Lewis.", "1983 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament __knowledge__ The ending of the final is one of the most famous in college basketball history, with a buzzer-beating dunk by Lorenzo Charles, off an air ball from 30 feet out by Dereck Whittenburg.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocer is a bulk seller of food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food that is packaged in bottles, boxes, and cans; some also have bakeries, butchers, delis, and fresh produce.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Large grocery stores that stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing and household items, are called supermarkets.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Some large supermarkets also include a pharmacy, and customer service, redemption, and electronics sections.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ In Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, supermarkets and convenience stores are sometimes described as grocery businesses, or simply grocers.", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Loblaw Companies __knowledge__ Loblaw Companies Limited is a Canadian food retailer that encompasses 1,000 corporate and franchise supermarkets that operates under 22 regional and market segment banners.", "Loblaw Companies __knowledge__ Loblaw's operates a private label program that includes grocery and household items, clothing, baby products, pharmaceuticals, cellular phones, general merchandise, and financial services.", "Loblaw Companies __knowledge__ Loblaw brands include President's Choice, No Name, Joe Fresh, T&T, Exact, Seaquest, Azami, and Teddy's Choice.", "Loblaw Companies __knowledge__ Most of Loblaw's 136,000 full-time and part-time employees are members of the United Food and Commercial Workers, with the exception of workers at The Real Canadian Wholesale Club in Alberta who are members of the Christian Labour Association of Canada.", "Kroger __knowledge__ The Kroger Company, or simply Kroger, is an American retailing company founded by Bernard Kroger in 1883 in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Kroger __knowledge__ It is the United States's largest supermarket chain by revenue ($115.34 billion for fiscal year 2016), the second-largest general retailer (behind Walmart) and the twenty-third largest company in the United States.", "Kroger __knowledge__ Kroger is also the third-largest retailer in the world and the third largest private employer in the United States.", "Kroger __knowledge__ , Kroger operates, either directly or through its subsidiaries, 2,778 supermarkets and multi-department stores.", "Kroger __knowledge__ Kroger's headquarters are in downtown Cincinnati.", "Supermarket __knowledge__ A supermarket is a self-service shop offering a wide variety of food and household products, organized into aisles.", "Supermarket __knowledge__ It is larger and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box market.", "Supermarket __knowledge__ The supermarket typically comprises meat, fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods aisles, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as well as for various non-food items such as kitchenware, household cleaners, pharmacy products and pet supplies.", "Supermarket __knowledge__ Some supermarkets also sell a variety of other household products that are consumed regularly, such as alcohol (where permitted), medicine, and clothes, and some stores sell a much wider range of non-food products: DVDs, sporting equipment, board games, and seasonal items (e.g., Christmas wrapping paper in December).", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ District Grocery Stores (DGS) was a cooperative of small single-room grocery stores in Washington, DC, Maryland and Northern Virginia.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ It operated from 1921 to 1972.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The goal was to leverage the volume of purchasing power of the cooperative to negotiate better prices from wholesalers and therefore improve their competitiveness.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The cooperative started with 20 members to grow to 300 members at its peak.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The stores were scattered all over the city and was a familiar site for all who grow up in Washington, DC in the 1950s and 1960s.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ The District Grocery Society started in 1921 with 20 members.", "District Grocery Stores __knowledge__ Meeting in Mr. Hornstein's store, these store owners get together to stop declining sales and avoid closure of their stores." ] ]	[ 2, 5, 7, 9, 10 ]	[ "Hey, how about that. Me too! There are only a few good spots that I know to catch that Lampris!", "There was an extinct species of Opah called Turkmenidae, from central Asia. They were a little bit smaller though.", "Other than that they are a prize for deep-water anglers because they are so large. They are great for stuffing and mounting on your wall!", "Well they are becoming more and more popular in markets so you may see one at your local grocery store!", "Well since they are used a lot for Sushi and Sashimi, they certainly are a part of some expensive dishes. It depends of course where you go and how it's prepared." ]	[ "Opah", "Opah", "Opah", "Opah", "Opah" ]
[ "Truck driver\nMy dad drove a truck for a living- thinking of him as it's Father's Day here tomorrow. ", "He did but he was away from home a lot. I think in the future, trucks will drive deliveries to the destination themselves! I wonder if the trucking industry will suffer?", "I agree! I think that driverless trucks will be here sooner rather than later. How observant of speed limits are those autonomous vehicles, I wonder? Might change how we all drive. ", "I think that's good, but I'd hate to be stuck behind one doing the exact speed limit on the highway! I like to get there a little faster!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Kyle Thomas \"Rowdy\" Busch (born May 2, 1985) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He is the driver of the No.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ 18 Toyota Camry in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and the No.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ 18 Camry in the NASCAR Xfinity Series for Joe Gibbs Racing.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He also owns Kyle Busch Motorsports, which runs multiple trucks in the Camping World Truck Series.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Busch is the 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series champion and the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ Busch is the younger brother of 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series champion Kurt Busch.", "Kyle Busch __knowledge__ He also currently holds several records in NASCAR competition, including the most race wins in a season across the top three NASCAR series, with 24 wins, which he accomplished in 2010.", "2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series was the 59th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 36th modern-era Cup series.", "2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series __knowledge__ Beginning on February 10 at Daytona International Speedway with the Budweiser Shootout, the season ended on November 18 at Homestead-Miami Speedway with the Ford 400.", "2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series __knowledge__ The Chase for the Nextel Cup started with the Sylvania 300 at New Hampshire International Speedway and was contested over the final ten races.", "2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series __knowledge__ The season was final year that the NASCAR Cup Series was known as the \"Nextel Cup Series\".", "2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series __knowledge__ As a result of the 2005 merger of Nextel Communications with Sprint Corporation, and the subsequent decision by the newly named Sprint Nextel Corporation, the name of the series was changed to the \"Sprint Cup Series\" for 2008.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ American Dad!", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ The series premiered on February 6, 2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the first season aired as part of the Animation Domination block, commencing on May 1, 2005.", "American Dad! __knowledge__ Creative direction of \"American Dad!\"", "American Dad! __knowledge__ has largely been guided by Barker (prior to his exit from the show in season 10) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ RCR Enterprises, LLC, doing business as Richard Childress Racing, is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and the Xfinity Series.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ The team is based in Welcome, North Carolina, and is owned and operated by former driver Richard Childress.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ In the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the team currently fields the No.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ 3 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 full-time for Austin Dillon and the No.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ 31 Camaro ZL1 full-time for Ryan Newman.", "Richard Childress Racing __knowledge__ In addition to its in-house Cup Series teams, RCR has technical alliances with four other Cup Series teams: the No." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ The trucking industry serves the American economy by transporting large quantities of raw materials, works in process, and finished goods over land—typically from manufacturing plants to retail distribution centers.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Trucks are also used in the construction industry, as dump trucks and portable concrete mixers move the large amounts of rocks, dirt, concrete, and other building materials used in construction.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Trucks in America are responsible for the majority of freight movement over land and are tools in the manufacturing, transportation, and warehousing industries.", "Trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Large trucks and buses require a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate.", "History of the trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ The trucking industry in the United States has affected the political and economic history of the United States in the 20th century.", "History of the trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ Before the invention of automobiles, most freight was moved by train or horse-drawn vehicle.", "History of the trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ During World War I, the military was the first to use trucks extensively.", "History of the trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ With the increased construction of paved roads, trucking began to achieve significant foothold in the 1930s, and soon became subject to various government regulations (such as the hours of service).", "History of the trucking industry in the United States __knowledge__ During the late 1950s and 1960s, trucking was accelerated by the construction of the Interstate Highway System, an extensive network of freeways linking major cities across the continent.", "American Trucking Associations __knowledge__ The American Trucking Associations (ATA), founded in 1933, is the largest national trade association for the trucking industry.", "American Trucking Associations __knowledge__ ATA represents more than 37,000 members covering every type of motor carrier in the United States through a federation of other trucking groups, industry-related conferences, and its 50 affiliated state trucking associations.", "American Trucking Associations __knowledge__ Former Governor of Kansas Bill Graves was replaced by Chris Spear as the ATA's President and CEO in July 2016.", "American Trucking Associations __knowledge__ According to the ATA's mission statement, their goals are ATA's mission is to \"effectively advocate and communicate efforts designed to improve safety and profitability for our members,\" in accordance with the organization's strategic plan and vision.\"", "George Walther Sr. __knowledge__ George Walther Sr. (August 13, 1876 – April 10, 1961) was an American inventor, engineer, businessman, civic leader and the holder of over 100 patents for truck wheels, brake drums, fifth wheels, and landing gear/legs for the trucking industry.", "George Walther Sr. __knowledge__ He was the founder of the Dayton Steel Foundry.", "George Walther Sr. __knowledge__ Walther developed the first practical cast steel wheel for solid rubber tires.", "George Walther Sr. __knowledge__ This was a basic but critical contribution to the evolution of the early trucking industry and the U.S. Army trucks in World War I. Walther followed the design of the cast steel wheel for solid rubber tires with the design of a cast steel wheel for pneumatic tires and then the design of an improved brake drum.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of the trucking industry in United States popular culture spans the depictions of trucks and truck drivers, as images of the masculine side of trucking are a common theme.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ The portrayal of drivers ranges from the heroes of the 1950s, living a life of freedom on the open road, to the depiction of troubled serial killers of the 1990s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Songs and movies about truck drivers were first popular in the 1940s, and mythologized their wandering lifestyle in the 1960s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ Truck drivers were glorified as modern day cowboys, outlaws, and rebels during the peak of trucker culture in the 1970s.", "Trucking industry in popular culture (United States) __knowledge__ During the latter portion of the 20th century, the trucking industry's image began to wane, and their reputation suffered.", "Truck __knowledge__ A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.", "Truck __knowledge__ Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration; smaller varieties may be mechanically similar to some automobiles.", "Truck __knowledge__ Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks and concrete mixers and suction excavators.", "Truck __knowledge__ Modern trucks are largely powered by diesel engines, although small to medium size trucks with gasoline engines exist in the US, Canada, and Mexico.", "Truck __knowledge__ In the European Union, vehicles with a gross combination mass of up to are known as light commercial vehicles, and those over as large goods vehicles.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) and unmanned ground vehicle is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars use a variety of techniques to detect their surroundings, such as radar, laser light, GPS, odometry and computer vision.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars must have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Experiments have been conducted on automating cars since at least the 1920s; promising trials took place in the 1950s and work has proceeded since then.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's Eureka Prometheus Project in 1987.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Since then, numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working prototype autonomous vehicles including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Vislab from University of Parma, Oxford University and Google.", "Roadeo __knowledge__ A roadeo is a competitive driving event for motor vehicle drivers in which drivers compete to pass through a variety of obstacles in the smallest amount of time.", "Roadeo __knowledge__ The term \"roadeo\" is a portmanteau in which the word rodeo is combined with the word road which here represents motor vehicles i.e.", "Roadeo __knowledge__ motor vehicles are normally driven on a road.", "Roadeo __knowledge__ A \"roadeo\" is then a \"rodeo for cars\" in that roadeos involve the handling of motor vehicles just as rodeos involve handling livestock.", "Roadeo __knowledge__ According to Louise M. Ackerman writing in \"American Speech\", the word \"roadeo\" was probably first used in the 1950s, and its introduction was partially driven by the popularity of rodeos.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ Vehicular automation involves the use of mechatronics, artificial intelligence, and multi-agent system to assist a vehicle's operator.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as \"intelligent\" or \"smart\".", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks, especially navigation, may be referred to as \"semi-autonomous\".", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ A vehicle relying solely on automation is consequently referred to as robotic or autonomous.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ After the invention of the integrated circuit, the sophistication of automation technology increased.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ Manufacturers and researchers subsequently added a variety of automated functions to automobiles and other vehicles.", "Autonomous car liability __knowledge__ Autonomous car liability (or liability of driverless cars, self-driving cars, or robotic cars) is a developing area of law and policy that will determine who is liable when an autonomous car causes harm to persons or property.", "Autonomous car liability __knowledge__ As autonomous cars shift the responsibility of driving from humans to autonomous car technology, there is a need for existing liability laws to evolve in order to fairly identify the appropriate remedies for damage and injury.", "Autonomous car liability __knowledge__ Increases in the use of autonomous car technologies (e.g.", "Autonomous car liability __knowledge__ advanced driver-assistance systems) is not only causing incremental shifts in this responsibility of driving but also reducing the frequency of on the road accidents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Experiments have been conducted on automating cars since at least the 1920s; promising trials took place in the 1950s and work has proceeded since then.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's Eureka Prometheus Project in 1987.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Since then, numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working prototype autonomous vehicles including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Vislab from University of Parma, Oxford University and Google.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) and unmanned ground vehicle is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars use a variety of techniques to detect their surroundings, such as radar, laser light, GPS, odometry and computer vision.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars must have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Speed limits in the United States vary depending on jurisdiction, with common in the Western United States and common in the Eastern United States.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ States may also set special speed limits for trucks and night travel along with minimum speed limits.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ The highest speed limit in the country is , which is posted on a single stretch of tollway in rural Texas.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ In Alabama, it is illegal to drive at a speed that is not \"reasonable and prudent\" for the current conditions and hazards.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Drivers must also not drive so slowly that they impede the flow of traffic.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ If the speed limit is not otherwise posted, it is: Trucks carrying hazardous materials are not to exceed .", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Road speed limits are used in most countries to set the maximum (or minimum in some cases) speed at which road vehicles may legally travel on particular stretches of road.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits may be variable and in some places speed is unlimited (e.g.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ on some Autobahn sections in Germany).", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits are normally indicated on a traffic sign.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits are commonly set by the legislative bodies of nations or provincial governments and enforced by national or regional police or judicial bodies.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ The first maximum speed limit was the limit introduced in the United Kingdom in 1861.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ The highest posted speed limit in the world is , which applies to some motorways in UAE.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Road speed limits in the United Kingdom are used to define the maximum legal speed (which may be variable) for vehicles using public roads in the UK, and are one of the measures available to attempt to control traffic speeds.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The speed limit in each location is indicated on a nearby traffic sign or by the presence of street lighting.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Signs show speed limits in miles per hour (mph) or use the national speed limit (NSL) symbol.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The national speed limit is 70 mph (112 km/h) on motorways, 70 mph (112 km/h) on dual carriageways, 60 mph (96 km/h) on single carriageways and generally 30 mph (48 km/h) in areas with street lighting (restricted roads).", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ Vehicular automation involves the use of mechatronics, artificial intelligence, and multi-agent system to assist a vehicle's operator.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as \"intelligent\" or \"smart\".", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks, especially navigation, may be referred to as \"semi-autonomous\".", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ A vehicle relying solely on automation is consequently referred to as robotic or autonomous.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ After the invention of the integrated circuit, the sophistication of automation technology increased.", "Vehicular automation __knowledge__ Manufacturers and researchers subsequently added a variety of automated functions to automobiles and other vehicles.", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ Speed limits in the United States are set by each state or territory.", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ Highway speed limits can range from an urban low of to a rural high of .", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ Speed limits are typically posted in increments of .", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ Some states have lower limits for trucks and at night, and occasionally there are minimum speed limits.", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ Most speed limits are set by state or local statute, although each state allows various subdivisions (counties and municipalities) to set a different, generally lower, limit.", "Speed limits in the United States __knowledge__ The highest speed limits are generally on the West Coast and the inland eastern states, in inland western states, along with Arkansas and Louisiana, and on the Eastern Seaboard.", "Khánh Trắng __knowledge__ Khánh \"Trắng\", which literally translates to \"White\" Khánh was the President of the Đồng Xuân Labor Union, in which under the guise of legal legitimacy, he was able to conceal his true role of transforming the Labor Union into a mafia-styled run organization in the \"black society\" or underworld of Hanoi during the final years of the 20th century.", "Khánh Trắng __knowledge__ Described as a cold blooded assassin with the head of a gentlemen and an elegant appearance, Khánh Trắng was the president of the UBND Labor Union during his height in which he presided over the trading that occurred in the Đồng Xuân market area of Hanoi, before he used his high powered position to fuel his crimes such as extorting from the traders and businesses in the market, murder and tax evasion.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Historically, an armourer is a person who makes personal armour, especially plate armour.", "Armourer __knowledge__ In modern terms, an armourer is a member of a military or police force who works in an armoury and maintains and repairs small arms and weapons systems, with some duties resembling those of a civilian gunsmith.", "Armourer __knowledge__ With the renewed interest in traditional armour and weaponry, the occupation also involves working with film, stage, and historical and reenactment societies.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Period costumes may require reproduction armour, swords, and related equipment.", "Armourer __knowledge__ Armourers are the oldest trade in the British Army and trace their heritage back several centuries.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ Hours of Service (HOS) regulations are issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and govern the working hours of anyone operating a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) in the United States.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ These regulations apply to truck drivers, commercial and city bus drivers, and school bus drivers who operate CMVs.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ These rules limit the number of daily and weekly hours spent driving and working, and regulate the minimum amount of time drivers must spend resting between driving shifts.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ For intrastate commerce, the respective state's regulations apply.", "Hours of service __knowledge__ The FMCSA is a division of the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), which is generally responsible for enforcement of FMCSA regulations.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ There is a growing research database which suggests that skeletal muscles, particularly postural muscles of the lower limb, undergo atrophy and structural and metabolic alterations during space flight.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ However, the relationships between in-flight exercise, muscle changes and performance are not well understood.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ Efforts should be made to try to understand the current status of in-flight and post-flight exercise performance capacity and what the goals/target areas for protection are with the current in flight exercise program.", "Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space __knowledge__ From the very beginning of the U.S. human space program, serious and reasonable concern has been expressed about exposure of humans to the microgravity of space due to the potential systemic effects on terrestrially-evolved life forms that are so suitably adapted to Earth gravity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity in general is a ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity improving technologies date back to antiquity, with rather slow progress until the late Middle Ages.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Important examples of early to medieval European technology include the water wheel, the horse collar, the spinning wheel, the three-field system (after 1500 the four-field system—see Crop rotation) and the blast furnace.", "Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign __knowledge__ Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign in Papua during the Second World War played a crucial role in bringing the Kokoda Track campaign to a successful conclusion.", "Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign __knowledge__ \"The great problem of warfare in the Pacific,\" General Douglas MacArthur declared, \"is to move forces into contact and maintain them.", "Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign __knowledge__ Victory is dependent upon solution to the logistic problem.\"", "Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign __knowledge__ Although identified early as a vital strategic outpost, Port Moresby, the most significant Papuan town, had just two airfields and basic port facilities in early 1942.", "Allied logistics in the Kokoda Track campaign __knowledge__ An enormous amount of work was required to transform it into a major base for both air and land operations against the Japanese." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Truck driver __knowledge__ A truck driver (commonly referred to as a trucker, teamster or driver in the United States and Canada; a truckie in Australia and New Zealand; a lorry driver, or driver in Ireland, the United Kingdom, India and Pakistan) is a person who earns a living as the driver of a truck (usually a semi truck, box truck or dump truck).", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers provide an essential service to industrialized societies by transporting finished goods and raw materials over land, typically to and from manufacturing plants, retail and distribution centers.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Truck drivers are also responsible for inspecting all their vehicles for mechanical items or issues relating to safe operation.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ Others, such as driver/sales workers, are also responsible for sales, completing additional services such as cleaning, preparation and entertaining (such as cooking and making hot drinks) and customer service.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ There are three major types of truck driver employment: Both owner operators/owner driver and company drivers can be in these categories.", "Truck driver __knowledge__ In Australia, drivers of trucks and truck and trailer combinations with gross vehicle mass greater than 12 tonnes must rest for 15 minutes every 5.5 hours, 30 minutes every 8 hours and 60 minutes every 11 hours (includes driving and non-driving duties).", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Speed limits in the United States vary depending on jurisdiction, with common in the Western United States and common in the Eastern United States.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ States may also set special speed limits for trucks and night travel along with minimum speed limits.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ The highest speed limit in the country is , which is posted on a single stretch of tollway in rural Texas.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ In Alabama, it is illegal to drive at a speed that is not \"reasonable and prudent\" for the current conditions and hazards.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ Drivers must also not drive so slowly that they impede the flow of traffic.", "Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction __knowledge__ If the speed limit is not otherwise posted, it is: Trucks carrying hazardous materials are not to exceed .", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Road speed limits are used in most countries to set the maximum (or minimum in some cases) speed at which road vehicles may legally travel on particular stretches of road.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits may be variable and in some places speed is unlimited (e.g.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ on some Autobahn sections in Germany).", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits are normally indicated on a traffic sign.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ Speed limits are commonly set by the legislative bodies of nations or provincial governments and enforced by national or regional police or judicial bodies.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ The first maximum speed limit was the limit introduced in the United Kingdom in 1861.", "Speed limit __knowledge__ The highest posted speed limit in the world is , which applies to some motorways in UAE.", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated.", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Common English terms are freeway (in Australia, South Africa and parts of the United States and Canada), motorway (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and parts of Australia), expressway (in some parts of Canada, parts of the United States, and many Asian countries), and autoroute (in Québec, Canada).", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Other similar terms include \"Interstate\" and \"parkway\".", "Controlled-access highway __knowledge__ Some of these may be limited-access highways, although this term can also refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic.", "Limited-access road __knowledge__ A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway, dual-carriageway, expressway, and partial controlled access highway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property, some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow, use of grade separated interchanges to some extent, prohibition of some modes of transport such as bicycles or horses, and very few or no intersecting cross-streets.", "Limited-access road __knowledge__ The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Road speed limits in the United Kingdom are used to define the maximum legal speed (which may be variable) for vehicles using public roads in the UK, and are one of the measures available to attempt to control traffic speeds.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The speed limit in each location is indicated on a nearby traffic sign or by the presence of street lighting.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Signs show speed limits in miles per hour (mph) or use the national speed limit (NSL) symbol.", "Road speed limits in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The national speed limit is 70 mph (112 km/h) on motorways, 70 mph (112 km/h) on dual carriageways, 60 mph (96 km/h) on single carriageways and generally 30 mph (48 km/h) in areas with street lighting (restricted roads).", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Sebastian Vettel (; born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won the championship in , , and with Red Bull Racing.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ He is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Leaving Red Bull for the 2015 season, Vettel initially signed a three-year contract with Ferrari, which was later extended until the end of 2020.", "Sebastian Vettel __knowledge__ Vettel started his career in Formula One as a test driver for BMW Sauber and made his debut with the team at the 2007 United States Grand Prix, replacing the injured Robert Kubica.", "Autobahn __knowledge__ The Autobahn ( , plural ') is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.", "Autobahn __knowledge__ The official German term is (plural ', abbreviated \"BAB\"), which translates as \"federal motorway\".", "Autobahn __knowledge__ The literal meaning of the word \"Bundesautobahn\" is \"Federal Auto(mobile) Track\".", "Autobahn __knowledge__ German autobahns have no federally mandated speed limit for some classes of vehicles.", "Autobahn __knowledge__ However, limits are posted (and enforced) in areas that are urbanized, substandard, accident-prone, or under construction.", "Autobahn __knowledge__ On speed-unrestricted stretches, an advisory speed limit (\"\") of applies.", "Autobahn __knowledge__ While going faster is not illegal as such in the absence of a speed limit, it can cause an increased liability in the case of an accident; courts have ruled that an \"ideal driver\" who is exempt from absolute liability for \"inevitable\" tort under the law would not exceed \"Richtgeschwindigkeit\".", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) and unmanned ground vehicle is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars use a variety of techniques to detect their surroundings, such as radar, laser light, GPS, odometry and computer vision.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage.", "Autonomous car __knowledge__ Autonomous cars must have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road.", "Automated driving system __knowledge__ An automated driving system is a complex combinations of various components that can be defined as systems where perception, decision making, and operation of the automobile are performed by electronics and machinery instead of a human driver, and as introduction of automation into road traffic.", "Automated driving system __knowledge__ This includes handling of the vehicle, destination, as well as awareness of surroundings.", "Automated driving system __knowledge__ While the automated system has control over the vehicle, it allows the human operator to leave all responsibilities to the system.", "Automated driving system __knowledge__ The automated driving system is generally an integrated package of individual automated systems operating in concert.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ The world's first traffic light was short lived.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It was a manually operated gas-lit signal installed in London in December 1868.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ It exploded less than a month after it was implemented, injuring its policeman operator.", "Traffic light __knowledge__ Traffic control started to seem necessary in the late 1890s and Earnest Sirrine from Chicago patented the first automated traffic control system in 1910.", "Personal rapid transit __knowledge__ Personal rapid transit (PRT), also referred to as podcars, is a public transport mode featuring small automated vehicles operating on a network of specially built guideways.", "Personal rapid transit __knowledge__ PRT is a type of automated guideway transit (AGT), a class of system which also includes larger vehicles all the way to small subway systems.", "Personal rapid transit __knowledge__ PRT vehicles are sized for individual or small group travel, typically carrying no more than three to six passengers per vehicle.", "Personal rapid transit __knowledge__ Guideways are arranged in a network topology, with all stations located on sidings, and with frequent merge/diverge points.", "Personal rapid transit __knowledge__ This allows for nonstop, point-to-point travel, bypassing all intermediate stations.", "Here (company) __knowledge__ HERE is a company that provides mapping data and related services to individuals and companies.", "Here (company) __knowledge__ It is owned by a consortium of German automotive companies (namely Audi, BMW, and Mercedes).", "Here (company) __knowledge__ In December 2016, it was announced that a 10% stake is planned to be owned by Navinfo, Tencent and GIC Private Limited, while a 15% stake is planned to be acquired by Intel.", "Here (company) __knowledge__ Its roots date back to U.S.-based Navteq in 1985, which was acquired by Finland-based Nokia in 2007, who then sold it to the Germany-based consortium in 2015.", "Here (company) __knowledge__ Here captures location content such as road networks, buildings, parks and traffic patterns.", "Traffic __knowledge__ Traffic on roads consists of \"road users\" including pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel.", "Traffic __knowledge__ Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.", "Traffic __knowledge__ Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.", "Traffic __knowledge__ Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Experiments have been conducted on automating cars since at least the 1920s; promising trials took place in the 1950s and work has proceeded since then.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ The first self-sufficient and truly autonomous cars appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon University's Navlab and ALV projects in 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Bundeswehr University Munich's Eureka Prometheus Project in 1987.", "History of autonomous cars __knowledge__ Since then, numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working prototype autonomous vehicles including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Vislab from University of Parma, Oxford University and Google." ] ]	[ 2, 0, 10, 13 ]	[ "I have always been fascinated by truck driving and the delivery service industry especially with the rise of autonomous vehicles. Did your dad enjoy it?", "It is weird to think about trucks driving themselves; however, it would definitely push for a shift toward loading and unloading services as well as maintenance which would keep more people local to their families.", "From the automated Ubers we had in our city prior to the Arizona accident, the automated cars were rather cautious compared to other vehicles and were rather polite to traffic yielding even when it had the right of way.", "I agree. I have only seen them on the neighborhood roads - hopefully engineers at least allowed for at least 5mph over the speed limit. " ]	[ "Truck driver", "Truck driver", "Truck driver", "Truck driver" ]
[ "Mars", "I do not know. I know that it is not the smallest", "That is interesting. Which is the largest then?", "That does sound very cool. Would you ever visit another planet if you had the chance?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life.", "Smallest organisms __knowledge__ The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size; including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size.", "Smallest organisms __knowledge__ Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, it is possible that the smallest organism is undiscovered.", "Smallest organisms __knowledge__ Furthermore, there is some debate over the definition of life, and what entities qualify as organisms; consequently the smallest known organism (microorganism) is debatable.", "Smallest organisms __knowledge__ Many biologists consider viruses to be non-living because they lack a cellular structure and cannot metabolize by themselves, requiring a host cell to replicate and synthesize new products.", "Selection algorithm __knowledge__ In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the \"k\"th smallest number in a list or array; such a number is called the \"k\"th \"order statistic\".", "Selection algorithm __knowledge__ This includes the cases of finding the minimum, maximum, and median elements.", "Selection algorithm __knowledge__ There are O(\"n\")-time (worst-case linear time) selection algorithms, and sublinear performance is possible for structured data; in the extreme, O(1) for an array of sorted data.", "Selection algorithm __knowledge__ Selection is a subproblem of more complex problems like the nearest neighbor and shortest path problems.", "Selection algorithm __knowledge__ Many selection algorithms are derived by generalizing a sorting algorithm, and conversely some sorting algorithms can be derived as repeated application of selection.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ There is evidence suggesting that different processes are involved in remembering something versus knowing whether it is familiar.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ It appears that \"remembering\" and \"knowing\" represent relatively different characteristics of memory as well as reflect different ways of using memory.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ To remember is the conscious \"recollection\" of many vivid contextual details, such as \"when\" and \"how\" the information was learned.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Remembering utilizes episodic memory and requires a deeper level of processing (e.g.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ undivided attention) than knowing.", "Remember versus know judgements __knowledge__ Errors in recollection may be due to source-monitoring errors that prevent an individual from remembering where exactly a piece of information was received.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character.", "I Don't Know How to Love Him __knowledge__ The song has been much recorded, with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the Top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in \"Billboard\" magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The Native American Party, renamed the American Party in 1855 and commonly known as the \"Know Nothing\" movement, was an American nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ It was primarily anti-Catholic and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The movement briefly emerged as a major political party in the form of the American Party.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ Adherents to the movement were to reply \"I know nothing\" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its common appellation.", "Know Nothing __knowledge__ The \"Know Nothings\" believed a \"Romanist\" conspiracy was afoot to subvert civil and religious liberty in America and sought to politically organize native-born Protestants in the defense of traditional religious and political values.", "Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The Tower of Hanoi (also called the Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower and sometimes pluralized) is a mathematical game or puzzle.", "Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ It consists of three rods and a number of disks of different sizes, which can slide onto any rod.", "Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The puzzle starts with the disks in a neat stack in ascending order of size on one rod, the smallest at the top, thus making a conical shape.", "Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The objective of the puzzle is to move the entire stack to another rod, obeying the following simple rules: With 3 disks, the puzzle can be solved in 7 moves.", "Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The minimal number of moves required to solve a Tower of Hanoi puzzle is 2 − 1, where \"n\" is the number of disks.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ This is the list of both known major and minor characters for the animated television series \"Di-Gata Defenders\".", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ Some of them have magical abilities.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ At the age of fourteen, Seth is the leader of the Di-Gata defenders.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He is skilled, confident, charismatic, creative, and decisive.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ However, he is also impatient in battle and headstrong.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He also likes to eat, which he can do with his eyes closed, and tends to succumb to nausea more than the others due to his weak stomach.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ He controls the Nova Stone, a powerful Champion Stone which once belonged to his father.", "List of Di-Gata Defenders characters __knowledge__ As the leader of the Defenders, he tries to be careful with those he trusts, for the past errors they have had (especially with Kali).", "Planet __knowledge__ A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that The term \"planet\" is ancient, with ties to history, astrology, science, mythology, and religion.", "Planet __knowledge__ Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye.", "Planet __knowledge__ These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities.", "Planet __knowledge__ As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects.", "Planet __knowledge__ In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System.", "Planet __knowledge__ This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit.", "History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses __knowledge__ Ideas concerning the origin and fate of the world date from the earliest known writings; however, for almost all of that time, there was no attempt to link such theories to the existence of a \"Solar System\", simply because almost no one knew or believed that the Solar System, in the sense we now understand it, existed.", "History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses __knowledge__ The first step towards a theory of Solar System formation was the general acceptance of heliocentrism, the model which placed the Sun at the centre of the system and the Earth in orbit around it.", "History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses __knowledge__ This conception had been gestating for thousands of years, but was only widely accepted by the end of the 17th century.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ The formation and evolution of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ This model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace.", "Formation and evolution of the Solar System __knowledge__ Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science.", "Solar System __knowledge__ The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system comprising the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly.", "Solar System __knowledge__ Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets, with the remainder being smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies.", "Solar System __knowledge__ Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly, the moons, two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.", "Solar System __knowledge__ The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud.", "Solar System __knowledge__ The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to have habitable environments hospitable to life, or its ability to generate life endogenously.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ A planet in the habitable zone has no guarantee of actually being habitable, and habitable environments do not need to contain life.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a hypothetical process known as panspermia.", "Planetary habitability __knowledge__ As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favorable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures.", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ The recorded history of Mars observation dates back to the era of the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE.", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ Chinese records about the motions of Mars appeared before the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE).", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ Detailed observations of the position of Mars were made by Babylonian astronomers who developed arithmetic techniques to predict the future position of the planet.", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ The ancient Greek philosophers and Hellenistic astronomers developed a geocentric model to explain the planet's motions.", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ Measurements of Mars' angular diameter can be found in ancient Greek and Indian texts.", "History of Mars observation __knowledge__ In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model for the Solar System in which the planets follow circular orbits about the Sun." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ Mirusha (; ) is a regional park located in the central part of Kosovo on the eastern side of the Metohija plain.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ The area has been put under protection in 1975 as a special nature reserve, with an area of 190.21.55 ha by a decision of municipality of Rahovec and Klina.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ Due to its geoheritage values,specific landscapes, as well as high plant diversity, in 1982 it was declared a regional park in the fifth category (Protected Landscape) according to IUCN, with an area of 555.80.70 ha, stretching on three municipalities: Klina, Malisheva and Rahovec.", "Mirusha Park __knowledge__ One year later in 1983 due hydrological, geo-morphological and landscape values, the water flow of river Mirusha has also been put under protection in third category (Natural Monument) according to IUCN.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ A mosaic is a piece of art or image made from the assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ It is often used in decorative art or as interior decoration.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as \"tesserae\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Some, especially floor mosaics, are made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called \"pebble mosaics\".", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.", "Mosaic __knowledge__ Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.", "Turin __knowledge__ Turin (; ; ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.", "Turin __knowledge__ It is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Turin (an administrative division of Italy) and of the Piedmont region, and was the first capital city of Italy from 1861 to 1865.", "Turin __knowledge__ The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River, in front of Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill.", "Turin __knowledge__ The population of the city proper is 886,837 (31 December 2016) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants.", "Turin __knowledge__ The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.", "Budapest __knowledge__ Budapest () is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.", "Budapest __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 1,759,407 distributed over a land area of about , Budapest is also one of the most densely populated major cities in the EU.", "Budapest __knowledge__ Budapest is both a city and county, and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of and a population of 3,303,786, comprising 33 percent of the population of Hungary.", "Budapest __knowledge__ The Budapest metropolitan area had a GDP of $141.0 billion (€129.4 billion) in 2016, accounting for 49.6 percent of the GDP of Hungary.", "Warsaw __knowledge__ Warsaw (; ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.", "Warsaw __knowledge__ The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.760 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.101 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union.", "Warsaw __knowledge__ The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .", "Warsaw __knowledge__ Warsaw is an alpha global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural, political and economic hub.", "Warsaw __knowledge__ With a nominal GDP of $233 billion (PPP), it is the wealthiest capital city in Central and Eastern Europe alongside Berlin.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ The E11 European long distance path or E11 path is one of the European long-distance paths, running 2560 km (about 1600 miles) west-east from The Hague in the Netherlands through Germany and Poland to the Lithuanian border.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ It starts in Scheveningen, a fishing community, commercial harbor and spa in The Hague on the Dutch coast of the North Sea.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ As there are no rambling organizations from Lithuania, Latvia or Russia participating in the European Ramblers' Association, it is unlikely that the E11 will be extended to reach Saint Petersburg or Moscow, as was foreseen originally.", "E11 European long distance path __knowledge__ The E11 is one of three European long distance paths running East from the Benelux to Eastern Poland.", "Mars One __knowledge__ Mars One is an organization that has proposed to land the first humans on Mars and establish a permanent human colony there by 2032.", "Mars One __knowledge__ Mars One consists of two entities: the not-for-profit \"Mars One Foundation\", and the for-profit company \"Mars One Ventures\".", "Mars One __knowledge__ The Mars One Foundation, based in the Netherlands, implements and manages the mission.", "Mars One __knowledge__ Mars One Ventures holds all monetization rights, including broadcasting rights.", "Mars One __knowledge__ The private spaceflight project is led by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp, who announced the Mars One project in May 2012.", "Mars One __knowledge__ Mars One's original concept included launching a robotic lander and orbiter as early as 2020 to be followed by a human crew of four in 2024 and one in 2026.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is, or ever has been life on Mars.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Mars probably had oceans in the past, and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Modern Mars has become cold, dry, and almost uninhabitable, yet, if life did ever arise on Mars, some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ The only missions to search for life on Mars, the two Viking missions, returned results that were inconclusive .", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars, which may have confused the results of the experiments.", "Exploration of Mars __knowledge__ The exploration of Mars is the study of Mars by spacecraft.", "Exploration of Mars __knowledge__ Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a dramatic increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential.", "Exploration of Mars __knowledge__ Engineering interplanetary journeys is complicated and the exploration of Mars has experienced a high failure rate, especially the early attempts.", "Exploration of Mars __knowledge__ Roughly two-thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars failed before completing their missions and some failed before their observations could begin.", "Exploration of Mars __knowledge__ Some missions have met with unexpected success, such as the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, which operated for years beyond their specification.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate certain conditions.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of .", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and choreographer.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009.", "Bruno Mars __knowledge__ In 2009, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for the singles \"Nothin' on You\" by B.o.B and \"Billionaire\" by Travie McCoy.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars' surface conditions and past presence of water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Mars requires less energy per unit mass (delta-v) to reach from Earth than any planet, except Venus.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction's most prevalent themes.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ As technology advances, and concerns about humanity's future on Earth increase, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum.", "Colonization of Mars __knowledge__ Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.", "Mars __knowledge__ In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the \"Red Planet\" because the reddish iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance that is distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.", "Mars __knowledge__ The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System.", "Mars __knowledge__ The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.", "Mars __knowledge__ Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.", "Mars __knowledge__ These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.", "Mars __knowledge__ There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life.", "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System __knowledge__ Discovery and exploration of the Solar System is observation, visitation, and increase in knowledge and understanding of Earth's \"cosmic neighborhood\".", "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System __knowledge__ This includes the Sun, Earth and the Moon, the major planets including Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, their satellites, as well as smaller bodies including comets, asteroids, and dust.", "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System __knowledge__ For many thousands of years, astronomers maintained a geocentric world view and did not recognize the existence of a Solar System.", "Discovery and exploration of the Solar System __knowledge__ Most believed Earth was stationary at the center of the Universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ \"Another Planet\" / \"Voyager\" is the second single by Australian drum and bass band Pendulum.", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ It was released on 23 February 2004 by independent label Breakbeat Kaos, and was their first single to use the 12\" picture disc format.", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ The single peaked at number 46 in the UK Singles Chart, and reached number one in the UK Dance Chart.", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ The song \"Another Planet\" contains samples from Jeff Wayne's musical version of \"The War of the Worlds\", and was included on the CD edition of \"Hold Your Colour\" when it was released in July 2005.", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ Both tracks appeared on the compilation album \"\".", "Another Planet / Voyager __knowledge__ Unlike every other single released by Pendulum to date, \"Another Planet\" / \"Voyager\" was written and produced in full by all members of the band, which at that time included Rob Swire, Paul Harding and Gareth McGrillen.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Planets beyond Neptune __knowledge__ Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit.", "Planets beyond Neptune __knowledge__ The search began in the mid-19th century and culminated at the start of the 20th with Percival Lowell's quest for Planet X. Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the giant planets, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities.", "Planets beyond Neptune __knowledge__ Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in 1930 appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was officially named the ninth planet.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ The \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise contains many characters that appear in one or more works.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar (birth name: Milo) is a fictional character in the \"\"Planet of the Apes\" franchise\".", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He is the leader and later ruler of the apes in both the original and the 2011 reboot series.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ He does not appear in the 2001 film.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Caesar is the son of talking chimpanzees Cornelius and Zira.", "List of Planet of the Apes characters __knowledge__ Originally named Milo after Dr. Milo, who travelled back in time with Cornelius and Zira to the Earth of Taylor's era, he was reared by his human foster father Armando, a traveling circus owner who gave Cornelius and Zira sanctuary when Zira went into labor in the final act of \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\".", "Planet Nine __knowledge__ Planet Nine is a hypothetical planet in the outer Solar System.", "Planet Nine __knowledge__ Its gravitational influence could explain the abnormal orbits of a group of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) found mostly beyond the Kuiper belt.", "Planet Nine __knowledge__ Speculation about the alignment of TNOs began with a 2014 letter to the journal \"Nature\".", "Planet Nine __knowledge__ Astronomers Chad Trujillo and Scott S. Sheppard noted the possible existence of a trans-Neptunian planet after comparing the similar orbits of trans-Neptunian objects Sedna and .", "Planet Nine __knowledge__ In early 2016, researchers Konstantin Batygin and Michael E. Brown described how the similar orbits of six TNOs could be explained by Planet Nine and proposed a possible orbit for the planet.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate certain conditions.", "Water on Mars __knowledge__ More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of .", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is, or ever has been life on Mars.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Mars probably had oceans in the past, and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Modern Mars has become cold, dry, and almost uninhabitable, yet, if life did ever arise on Mars, some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ The only missions to search for life on Mars, the two Viking missions, returned results that were inconclusive .", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars, which may have confused the results of the experiments.", "Extraterrestrial liquid water __knowledge__ Extraterrestrial liquid water (from the Latin words: \"extra\" [\"outside of, beyond\"] and \"terrestris\" [\"of or belonging to Earth\"]) is water in its liquid state that naturally occurs outside Earth.", "Extraterrestrial liquid water __knowledge__ It is a subject of wide interest because it is recognised as one of the key prerequisites for life as we know it and thus surmised as essential for extraterrestrial life.", "Extraterrestrial liquid water __knowledge__ With oceanic water covering 71% of its surface, Earth is the only planet known to have stable bodies of liquid water on its surface, and liquid water is essential to all known life forms on Earth.", "Extraterrestrial liquid water __knowledge__ The presence of water on the surface of Earth is a product of its atmospheric pressure and a stable orbit in the Sun's circumstellar habitable zone, though the origin of Earth's water remains unknown.", "Life on Mars __knowledge__ The possibility of life on Mars is a subject of significant interest to astrobiology due to the planet's proximity and similarities to Earth.", "Life on Mars __knowledge__ To date no proof has been found of past or present life on Mars.", "Life on Mars __knowledge__ However, cumulative evidence is now clear that during the ancient Noachian time period, the surface environment of Mars had liquid water and may have been habitable for microorganisms.", "Life on Mars __knowledge__ The existence of habitable conditions does not necessarily indicate the presence of life.", "Life on Mars __knowledge__ Scientific searches for evidence of life began in the 19th century, and they continue today via telescopic investigations and landed missions.", "Water __knowledge__ Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.", "Water __knowledge__ Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent bonds.", "Water __knowledge__ Strictly speaking, water refers to the liquid state of a substance that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure; but it often refers also to its solid state (ice) or its gaseous state (steam or water vapor).", "Water __knowledge__ It also occurs in nature as snow, glaciers, ice packs and icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and atmospheric humidity.", "Circumstellar habitable zone __knowledge__ In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or simply the habitable zone, is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure.", "Circumstellar habitable zone __knowledge__ The bounds of the CHZ are based on Earth's position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun.", "Circumstellar habitable zone __knowledge__ Due to the importance of liquid water to Earth's biosphere, the nature of the CHZ and the objects within it may be instrumental in determining the scope and distribution of Earth-like extraterrestrial life and intelligence.", "Circumstellar habitable zone __knowledge__ The habitable zone is also called the Goldilocks zone, a metaphor of the children's fairy tale of \"Goldilocks and the Three Bears\", in which a little girl chooses from sets of three items, ignoring the ones that are too extreme (large or small, hot or cold, etc.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ Martian gullies are small, incised networks of narrow channels and their associated downslope sediment deposits, found on the planet of Mars.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ They are named for their resemblance to terrestrial gullies.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ First discovered on images from Mars Global Surveyor, they occur on steep slopes, especially on the walls of craters.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ Usually, each gully has a dendritic \"alcove\" at its head, a fan-shaped \"apron\" at its base, and a single thread of incised \"channel\" linking the two, giving the whole gully an hourglass shape.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ They are estimated to be relatively young because they have few, if any craters.", "Gullies on Mars __knowledge__ A subclass of gullies is also found cut into the faces of sand dunes, that are themselves considered to be quite young." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 58, 53 ]	[ "Is Mars larger or smaller than the planets in this system?", "I think Mars is the second-smallest.", "I'm not sure, but I think the discovery of ice and some liquid water is very cool!", "Modern Mars is cold and almost uninhabitable, so no." ]	[ "Mars", "Mars", "Mars", "Mars" ]
[ "Lamborghini", "Great! I like sport cars too, but I don't drive that much. I just like how they look.", "Ohh, they own a lot of car companies then? I like the Volkswagen beetle haha.", "Interesting. I like German cars. They have good designs and great engineering." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. () is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury supercars, sports cars, SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, including Ferrari.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. () is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury supercars, sports cars, SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, including Ferrari.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini.", "Renault Sport __knowledge__ Renault Sport Racing and Renault Sport Cars, both commonly known as Renault Sport () or Renaultsport, are the motorsport, performance and special vehicles divisions of Renault.", "Renault Sport __knowledge__ Renault Sport was officially established in 1976 as a merger between the Alpine and Gordini competition departments.", "Renault Sport __knowledge__ Renault Sport Racing organises many Renault-backed one-make championships worldwide and is in charge of Renault group's official involvement in motor racing, including Formula One.", "Renault Sport __knowledge__ Renault Sport was created at the end of 1976, when Renault closed down the Alpine competition department (at that time, its main motorsport division), located at Dieppe, and moved all the racing activities to the Gordini factory at Viry-Châtillon, just outside Paris.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown in Kent, England.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ First used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Gerhard Berger once said that Brands Hatch is \"the best circuit in the world\".", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Paddock Hill Bend is a renowned corner.", "Brands Hatch __knowledge__ Brands Hatch offers two layout configurations: the shorter \"Indy Circuit\" layout (1.198 miles) is located entirely within a natural amphitheatre offering spectators views of almost all of the shorter configuration from wherever they watch.", "Dodge __knowledge__ Dodge is an American brand of cars, minivans, sport cars, sedans, super cars, muscle cars, and sport utility vehicles manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly known as Chrysler Group LLC), based in Auburn Hills, Michigan.", "Dodge __knowledge__ Dodge vehicles currently include the lower-priced badge variants of Chrysler-badged vehicles as well as performance cars, though for much of its existence Dodge was Chrysler's mid-priced brand above Plymouth.", "Dodge __knowledge__ Founded as the Dodge Brothers Company machine shop by brothers Horace Elgin Dodge and John Francis Dodge in the early 1900s, Dodge was originally a supplier of parts and assemblies for Detroit-based automakers and began building complete automobiles under the \"Dodge Brothers\" brand in 1914, predating the founding of Chrysler Corporation.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ Bizzarrini S.p.A. was an Italian automotive manufacturer in the 1960s founded by former Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Iso engineer Giotto Bizzarrini.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ The company built a small number of highly developed and advanced sport and racing automobiles before failing in 1969. Notable models include the 5300 GT Strada and the P538S.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ Originally Prototipi Bizzarrini s.r.l., the name was changed to Bizzarrini S.p.A. in 1966.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ The Bizzarrini marque has been revived with a number of concept cars in the 2000s.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ Giotto Bizzarrini was born in Livorno, Italy in 1926.", "Bizzarrini __knowledge__ His father was a rich landowner who came from a family with strong roots in Tuscany and the city of Livorno.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The Rambler American is an automobile manufactured by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) between 1958 and 1969.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The American was the second incarnation of AMC's forerunner Nash Motors second-generation Rambler compact that was sold under the Nash and Hudson Motors marques from 1954 and 1955.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The American can be classified in three distinct model year generations: 1958 to 1960, 1961 to 1963, and 1964 to 1969.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ During the entire length of its production, the car was sold under the Rambler brand name, and was the last Rambler named automobile marketed in the Canadian and United States markets.", "Rambler American __knowledge__ The compact Rambler American was most often the lowest priced car built in the U.S.", "Street racing __knowledge__ Street racing is typically an unsanctioned and illegal form of auto racing that occurs on a public road.", "Street racing __knowledge__ In the United States, modern street racing traces its roots back to Woodward Avenue, Michigan in the 1960s when the three main Detroit-based American car companies were producing high-powered performance cars.", "Street racing __knowledge__ A private racing venue was not always available, and therefore the race would be held illegally on public roads.", "Street racing __knowledge__ Though typically taking place in uncrowded highways on city outskirts or in the countryside, some races are held in industrial complexes.", "Street racing __knowledge__ Street racing can either be spontaneous or well planned and coordinated.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini's production facility and headquarters are located in Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company's first models were released in the mid-1960s and were noted for their refinement, power and comfort.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Elio Arturo Lamborghini (; April 28, 1916 – February 20, 1993) was an Italian industrialist.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ Born to grape farmers in Renazzo, from the \"comune\" of Cento in the Emilia-Romagna region, his mechanical know-how led him to enter the business of tractor manufacturing in 1948, when he founded Lamborghini Trattori, which quickly became an important manufacturer of agricultural equipment in the midst of Italy's post-WWII economic boom.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1959, he opened an oil heater factory, Lamborghini Bruciatori, which later entered the business of producing air conditioning equipment.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1963, he most famously created Automobili Lamborghini, a maker of high-end sports cars in Sant'Agata Bolognese.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ The Lamborghini Gallardo (; ) is a sports car built by the Italian manufacturer Lamborghini from 2003 to 2013.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ It is Lamborghini's best-selling model with 14,022 built throughout its production run.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ Named after a famous breed of fighting bull, the V10 Gallardo has been Lamborghini's sales leader and stable-mate to a succession of V12 flagship models—first to the Murciélago (4,099 built between 2001 and 2011), then to the current flagship, the Aventador.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ On 25 November 2013, the last Gallardo was rolled off the production line.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ The Gallardo was replaced by the Huracán in 2014.", "Lamborghini Gallardo __knowledge__ The first generation Gallardo came with an even firing 5 litre 90 degree V10 (4961cc).", "Lamborghini Aventador __knowledge__ The Lamborghini Aventador is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian manufacturer Lamborghini.", "Lamborghini Aventador __knowledge__ Launched on 28 February 2011 at the Geneva Motor Show, five months after its initial unveiling in Sant'Agata Bolognese, the vehicle, internally codenamed LB834, was designed to replace the then-decade-old Murciélago as the new flagship model.", "Lamborghini Aventador __knowledge__ Soon after the Aventador unveiling, Lamborghini announced that it had already sold over 12 of the production vehicles, with deliveries starting in the second half of 2011.", "Lamborghini Aventador __knowledge__ By March 2016, Lamborghini had already built 5,000 Aventadors, taking five years to achieve this milestone.", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ The Lamborghini Diablo is a high-performance mid-engined sports car that was built by Italian automaker Lamborghini between 1990 and 2001.", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ It is the first Lamborghini capable of attaining a top speed in excess of .", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ After the end of its production run in 2001, the Diablo was replaced by the Lamborghini Murciélago.", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ \"Diablo\" means \"devil\" in Spanish.", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ At a time when the company was financed by the Swiss-based brothers Jean Claude and Patrick Mimran, Lamborghini began development of what was codenamed \"Project 132\" in June 1985 as a replacement for the Countach model.", "Lamborghini Diablo __knowledge__ The brief stated that its top speed had to be at least 315 km/h (196 mph)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. () is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury supercars, sports cars, SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, including Ferrari.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini.", "Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico __knowledge__ The Volkswagen Beetle was introduced to Mexico in March 1954, inside the exhibition \"Alemania y su Industria\" (Germany and its Industry).", "Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico __knowledge__ Four different Volkswagen vehicles were brought to Mexico through Veracruz City for the first time.", "Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico __knowledge__ Those vehicles were: two Sedans \"113\" in \"Export\" trim, a convertible, and a VW Bus in luxury trim.", "Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico __knowledge__ At this time, the Mexican car market was mostly characterized by American makes and models with large sizes and large engines, which made a huge contrast with the new German entrant.", "Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico __knowledge__ An exhibition was held in the Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City; during this event, the vehicles were widely admired by the public.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ The Volkswagen Beetle – officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in Germany the Käfer (German, \"beetle\") and in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug – is a two-door, five-passenger, rear-engine economy car that was manufactured and marketed by German automaker Volkswagen (VW) from 1938 until 2003.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ The need for a \"people's car\" (\"\"Volkswagen\"\" in German), its concept and its functional objectives, was formulated by the leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, who wanted a cheap, simple car to be mass-produced for his country's new road network.", "Volkswagen Beetle __knowledge__ Lead engineer Ferdinand Porsche and his team took until 1938 to finalise the design.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ Volkswagen ( - ), shortened to VW, is a German automaker founded on May 28, 1937 by the German Labour Front under Adolf Hitler and headquartered in Wolfsburg.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ It is the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2016.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ \"Volkswagen\" is German for \"people's car\", and the company's current international advertising slogan is just \"Volkswagen\".", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ American English pronunciation is approximately \"volks wagon\" ().", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ Volkswagen was originally established in 1937 by the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) in Berlin.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ In the early 1930s, the German auto industry was still largely composed of luxury models, and the average German could rarely afford anything more than a motorcycle.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia consists of 27 vehicle producers and over 640 component manufacturers.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The Malaysian automotive industry is the third largest in Southeast Asia, and the 23rd largest in the world, with an annual production output of over 500,000 vehicles.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry contributes 4% or RM 40 billion to Malaysia's GDP, and employs a workforce of over 700,000 throughout a nationwide ecosystem.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia traces its origins back to the British Malayan colonial era.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ Ford Malaya became the first automobile assembly plant in Southeast Asia upon its establishment in Singapore in 1926.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Theodore Robert Bundy (born Theodore Robert Cowell; November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989) was an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, burglar, and necrophile who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970s and possibly earlier.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Shortly before his execution and after more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides that he committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ The true victim count will forever be unknown and could be much higher than the number to which Bundy confessed.", "Ted Bundy __knowledge__ Many of Bundy's young female victims regarded him as handsome and charismatic, which were traits that he exploited to win their trust.", "Porsche __knowledge__ Dr. Ing.", "Porsche __knowledge__ h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche AG (), is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans.", "Porsche __knowledge__ Porsche AG is headquartered in Stuttgart, and is owned by Volkswagen AG, which is itself majority-owned by Porsche Automobil Holding SE.", "Porsche __knowledge__ Porsche's current lineup includes the 718 Boxster/Cayman, 911, Panamera, Macan and Cayenne.", "Porsche __knowledge__ Ferdinand Porsche founded the company called \"Dr. Ing.", "Porsche __knowledge__ h. c. F. Porsche GmbH\" in 1931, with main offices at Kronenstraße 24 in the centre of Stuttgart.", "Porsche __knowledge__ Initially, the company offered motor vehicle development work and consulting, but did not build any cars under its own name.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini's production facility and headquarters are located in Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Manufacturing magnate Italian Ferruccio Lamborghini founded the company in 1963 with the objective of producing a refined grand touring car to compete with offerings from established marques such as Ferrari.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company's first models were released in the mid-1960s and were noted for their refinement, power and comfort.", "History of Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Elio Arturo Lamborghini (; April 28, 1916 – February 20, 1993) was an Italian industrialist.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ Born to grape farmers in Renazzo, from the \"comune\" of Cento in the Emilia-Romagna region, his mechanical know-how led him to enter the business of tractor manufacturing in 1948, when he founded Lamborghini Trattori, which quickly became an important manufacturer of agricultural equipment in the midst of Italy's post-WWII economic boom.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1959, he opened an oil heater factory, Lamborghini Bruciatori, which later entered the business of producing air conditioning equipment.", "Ferruccio Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1963, he most famously created Automobili Lamborghini, a maker of high-end sports cars in Sant'Agata Bolognese.", "Volkswagen Group __knowledge__ Volkswagen AG (), known internationally as Volkswagen Group, is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.", "Volkswagen Group __knowledge__ It designs, manufactures and distributes passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines, and turbomachinery and offers related services including financing, leasing and fleet management.", "Volkswagen Group __knowledge__ In 2016, it was the world's largest automaker by sales, overtaking Toyota and keeping this title in 2017, selling 10.7 millions vehicles.", "Volkswagen Group __knowledge__ It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades.", "Volkswagen Group __knowledge__ It ranked sixth in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies.", "SEAT __knowledge__ SEAT, S.A. (, \"Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo\") is a Spanish automobile manufacturer with its head office in Martorell, Catalonia, Spain.", "SEAT __knowledge__ It was founded on May 9, 1950, by the \"Instituto Nacional de Industria\" (INI), a state-owned industrial holding company.", "SEAT __knowledge__ Since 1986 it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of the German Volkswagen Group.", "SEAT __knowledge__ The headquarters of SEAT, S.A. are located at SEAT's industrial complex in Martorell near Barcelona.", "SEAT __knowledge__ By 2000 annual production peaked at over 500,000 units; in total up to 2006, over 16 million cars have been produced including more than 6 million from the Martorell plant, with three-quarters of the annual production being exported to over seventy countries worldwide.", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ Lamborghini Trattori is an Italian tractor manufacturer.", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948 in Cento by Ferruccio Lamborghini, who later went on to establish Lamborghini Automobili.", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ In 1963, it became part of SAME (Società Accomandita Motori Endotermici).", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ The company symbol was a triangle containing the letters \"F L C\" (Ferruccio Lamborghini Cento).", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ Founded in 1948 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, Lamborghini Trattori couldn't boast a long tradition like the historical names Fiat Trattori and Landini; in fact, it had to use discarded war materials to produce its first tractors.", "Lamborghini Trattori __knowledge__ Truck and military vehicle engines and differentials sourced from ARAR centres (Azienda Recupero Alienazione Residuati) were used to build the first \"Carioca\" tractors.", "List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines __knowledge__ List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines.", "List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines __knowledge__ The spark-ignition petrol engines listed below are currently used by 2010 and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications.", "List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines __knowledge__ All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled.", "List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines __knowledge__ Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated \"SI\"), a modern form of the metric system of figures.", "List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines __knowledge__ Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original \"80/1269/EEC\", or the later \"1999/99/EC\" standards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. () is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury supercars, sports cars, SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese and tractors Lamborghini Trattori in Pieve di Cento, Italy.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Ferruccio Lamborghini, an Italian manufacturing magnate, founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques, including Ferrari.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The company gained wide acclaim in 1966 for the Miura sports coupé, which established rear mid-engine, rear wheel drive as the standard layout for high-performance cars of the era.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade, but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ The firm's ownership changed three times after 1973, including a bankruptcy in 1978.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ In 1998, Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group's Audi division.", "Lamborghini __knowledge__ New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini.", "Automotive industry in Germany __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the world, with a labour force of over 747,000 (2009) working in the industry.", "Automotive industry in Germany __knowledge__ Being home to the modern car, the German automobile industry is regarded as the most competitive and innovative in the world, and has the third highest car production in the world, and fourth highest total motor vehicle production.", "Automotive industry in Germany __knowledge__ With an annual output close to six million and a 35.6% share of the European Union (2008), German-designed cars won in the European Car of the Year, the International Car of the Year, the World Car of the Year annual awards the most times among all countries.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ Volkswagen ( - ), shortened to VW, is a German automaker founded on May 28, 1937 by the German Labour Front under Adolf Hitler and headquartered in Wolfsburg.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ It is the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2016.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ \"Volkswagen\" is German for \"people's car\", and the company's current international advertising slogan is just \"Volkswagen\".", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ American English pronunciation is approximately \"volks wagon\" ().", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ Volkswagen was originally established in 1937 by the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) in Berlin.", "Volkswagen __knowledge__ In the early 1930s, the German auto industry was still largely composed of luxury models, and the average German could rarely afford anything more than a motorcycle.", "Dutch language __knowledge__ The Dutch language () is a West Germanic language that is spoken by around 24 million people as a first language—including the population of the Netherlands and about sixty percent that of Belgium —and by another 5 million as a second language.", "Dutch language __knowledge__ It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language, after English and German.", "Dutch language __knowledge__ Outside the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname, and also holds official status in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "Dutch language __knowledge__ Historical minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia, while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ Matchbox is a popular toy brand which was introduced by Lesney Products in 1953, and is now owned by Mattel, Inc.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ The brand was given its name because the original die-cast Matchbox toys were sold in boxes similar in style and size to those in which matches were sold.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the brand would encompass a broad range of toys including larger scale die-cast models and various other lines of toys, such as plastic model kits and action figures.", "Matchbox (brand) __knowledge__ During the 1980s, Matchbox began to switch to the more conventional plastic and cardboard \"blister packs\", that were used by other die-cast toy brands such as Hot Wheels.", "Economy car __knowledge__ An economy car is an automobile that is designed for low-cost purchase and operation.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Typical economy cars are small (compact or subcompact), lightweight, and inexpensive to buy.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Economy car designers are forced by stringent design constraints to be inventive.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Many innovations in automobile design were originally developed for economy cars, such as the Ford Model T and the Austin Mini.", "Economy car __knowledge__ Gordon Murray, the Formula 1 and Mclaren F1 designer, said when designing his new Murray T.25 city car: \"I would say that building a car to sell for six thousand pounds and designing that for a high-volume production, where you have all the quality issues under control, is a hundred times more difficult than designing a Mclaren F1, or even a racing car.", "Volkswagen Jetta __knowledge__ The Volkswagen Jetta () is a compact car/small family car produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen since 1979.", "Volkswagen Jetta __knowledge__ Positioned to fill a sedan niche above the firm's Golf hatchback offering, it has been marketed over six generations variously as the Atlantic, Fox, Vento, Bora, City Jetta, Jetta City, GLI, Jetta, Clasico, Voyage, and Sagitar.", "Volkswagen Jetta __knowledge__ The Jetta was originally adapted by adding a conventional trunk to the Golf hatchback, and some distinctive styling (usually the front end, and sometimes slight interior changes).", "Volkswagen Jetta __knowledge__ It has been offered in two- and four-door saloon / sedan, and five-door wagon / estate versions – all as four- or five-seaters.", "Budapest __knowledge__ Budapest () is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.", "Budapest __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 1,759,407 distributed over a land area of about , Budapest is also one of the most densely populated major cities in the EU.", "Budapest __knowledge__ Budapest is both a city and county, and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of and a population of 3,303,786, comprising 33 percent of the population of Hungary.", "Budapest __knowledge__ The Budapest metropolitan area had a GDP of $141.0 billion (€129.4 billion) in 2016, accounting for 49.6 percent of the GDP of Hungary.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ The estimated urban population of Rockhampton in June 2015 was 80,665, making it the fourth largest city in the state outside of the cities of South East Queensland.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ and the twenty-second largest city in Australia.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ Rockhampton is one of the oldest cities in Queensland, and in Northern Australia.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ In 1853, Charles and William Archer discovered the Fitzroy River, which they named in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy.", "Rockhampton __knowledge__ The Archer brothers took up a run near Gracemere in 1855, and more settlers arrived soon after enticed by the fertile valleys.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Jordan–Israel Mixed Armistice Commission __knowledge__ Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission (HKJI MAC) was the United Nations organisation of observers which dealt with complaints from Jordan and Israel to maintain the fragile cease fire along the demarcation line (Green Line) between Israel and Jordan.", "Jordan–Israel Mixed Armistice Commission __knowledge__ At the closing of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, on 3 April 1949, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed a truce with Israel called the 1949 Armistice Agreements.", "Jordan–Israel Mixed Armistice Commission __knowledge__ The United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation posted Military Observers as part of the Mixed Armistice Commissions (MACs) to Observe the truce on the Cease fire line and to liaise with the Israeli and Jordanian local area commanders.", "1949 Armistice Agreements __knowledge__ The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of armistice agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and neighboring Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria to formally end the official hostilities of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and establish armistice lines between Israeli forces and Jordanian-Iraqi forces, also known as the \"Green Line.\"", "1949 Armistice Agreements __knowledge__ The United Nations established supervising and reporting agencies to monitor the established armistice lines.", "1949 Armistice Agreements __knowledge__ In addition, discussions related to the armistice enforcement, led to the signing of the separate Tripartite Declaration of 1950 between the United States, Britain, and France.", "History of Poland (1945–1989) __knowledge__ The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet communist dominance imposed after the end of World War II over what had become the Polish People's Republic.", "History of Poland (1945–1989) __knowledge__ These years, while featuring general industrialization and urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living in Poland, were marred by social unrest and severe economic difficulties.", "History of Poland (1945–1989) __knowledge__ Near the end of World War II, the advancing Soviet Red Army pushed out the Nazi German forces from occupied Poland.", "History of Poland (1945–1989) __knowledge__ In February 1945, the Yalta Conference sanctioned the formation of a provisional government of Poland from a compromise coalition, until postwar elections.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 10, 10 ]	[ "I am a man who love sport cars. My favorite is Lamborghini. an Italian brand", "Volkswagen Group which is the company that owns Ferruccio Lamborghini are know for great designs ", "Yes it was introduced to Mexico in March 1954. It was created in Germany", "Germans had been the first automotive industry with the largest employers in the world, with a labour force of over 747,000 (2009) working in the industry." ]	[ "Lamborghini", "Lamborghini", "Lamborghini", "Lamborghini" ]
[ "McDonald's\nmy guilty pleasure is mcdonald s", "I never know they have been around for so long. Who started it?", "That is cool. Are they all around the world or just in the United states?", "Hmmm. I have bought some of their food before. Which other type of food do they sell?", "I have tried their chicken before and it taste amazing" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure is the second studio album by American recording artist Ashley Tisdale.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 11, 2009, by Warner Bros. Records.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The lead single from the album, \"It's Alright, It's OK\", premiered on \"On Air with Ryan Seacrest\" and was officially released on April 14, 2009.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on \"Billboard\" 200 selling 25,000 copies in its first week.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The second single from \"Guilty Pleasure\", \"Crank It Up\" was released on October 16, 2009, in Europe.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ The album ranked #7 on Billboard's reader poll for album of the decade and best album of 2009.", "Guilty Pleasure (Ashley Tisdale album) __knowledge__ In April 2008, she said that she has recorded a few songs for the album and she would fully focus on the album after filming \"High School Musical 3\".", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and producer.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over one hundred advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\".", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the \"High School Musical\" franchise.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ The film series proved to be a huge success for Disney and earned a large following.", "Ashley Tisdale __knowledge__ The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records, releasing her debut album, \"Headstrong\" (2007), through the label.", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure Tour is a concert tour by American rock musician Meat Loaf in support of his 2011 album \"Hell in a Handbasket\".", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ The tour only visited Australia and New Zealand; more dates were expected to be announced for mainland Europe and North America, but did not eventuate.", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ The show in Sydney was filmed for DVD release.", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ Meat Loaf has said that the name of the tour came from a poll, which named him the number one \"guilty pleasure\".", "Guilty Pleasure Tour __knowledge__ During the concerts, Meat Loaf announced to his fans that these concerts were to be the \"last he ever performed in Australia and New Zealand\" and added a thank you to the fans for \"38 years of support\" for the duration of his career.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure is the third studio album by American crunkcore group brokeNCYDE, released on November 8, 2011 through Suburban Noize Records.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ This album features significantly less screaming than earlier efforts.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ It is the last album to feature Phat J before his departure from the group.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ \"Guilty Pleasure\" was heavily panned worldwide.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ \"Guilty Pleasurez\" is a re-release of \"Guilty Pleasure\", released on March 13, 2012.", "Guilty Pleasure (Brokencyde album) __knowledge__ The album includes the same track listing, plus one new song (\"Never Back Down\"), an updated version of \"Magnum\" (featuring Mickey Avalon) and a 'screamix' of \"Doin' My Thang\" (with Antz doing screams and featuring The Dirtball).", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Base is the first EP of Korean boy band Shinee member Jonghyun, released on January 12, 2015 by S.M.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Entertainment.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ Jonghyun collaborated with various artists for his album, such as Younha, Wheesung, Zion.T and Iron.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ His title song, featuring Iron as the rapper, is called \"Crazy (Guilty Pleasure)\" and was released digitally on domestic music sites on January 12, 2015, together with the album.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ He performed in a showcase to introduce the album at the SMTown Coex Artium on January 8, 2015.", "Base (EP) __knowledge__ He told the media before his live showcase at the SMTOWN Coex Atrium: Jonghyun's song, \"Beautiful Tonight\", was composed as early as 2012 and was inspired by the view of the moon as he was walking home from work one night.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E!", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ cable network.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The fourteenth season premiered on October 1, 2017.", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians __knowledge__ The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ Guilty Pleasure is the sixth full-length album by American metalcore band Attila.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ The album released on November 24, 2014, through Artery Recordings.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ It is the band's fourth and final release on the label.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ The album is the third by the band to be produced by Joey Sturgis, who has previously worked with such bands as The Devil Wears Prada, Emmure, We Came as Romans, Asking Alexandria and Miss May I.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ \"Guilty Pleasure\" marked the biggest sales week for Attila in their career, selling over 18,500 copies.", "Guilty Pleasure (Attila album) __knowledge__ However, it did not break the record for highest chart position, debuting only at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "You Never Know (musical) __knowledge__ You Never Know is a musical with a book by Rowland Leigh, adapted from the original European play \"By Candlelight\", by Siegfried Geyer and Karl Farkas, with music by Cole Porter and , lyrics by Cole Porter, additional lyrics by Leigh and Edwin Gilbert, directed by Leigh, and songs by others.", "You Never Know (musical) __knowledge__ The show was written not long after the riding accident that left Porter semi-crippled, and is considered one of the flops he wrote before his return to prominence with \"Kiss Me, Kate\".", "You Never Know (musical) __knowledge__ The show was first produced in Europe with a small cast, but the Shubert Brothers (who produced it for Broadway), did not want to produce it with no chorus or large stage numbers.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Harry Warren __knowledge__ Harry Warren (born Salvatore Antonio Guaragna, December 24, 1893 – September 22, 1981) was an American composer and lyricist.", "Harry Warren __knowledge__ Warren was the first major American songwriter to write primarily for film.", "Harry Warren __knowledge__ He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song eleven times and won three Oscars for composing \"Lullaby of Broadway\", \"You'll Never Know\" and \"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe\".", "Harry Warren __knowledge__ He wrote the music for the first blockbuster film musical, \"42nd Street\", choreographed by Busby Berkeley, with whom he would collaborate on many musical films.", "Harry Warren __knowledge__ Over a career spanning four decades, Warren wrote more than 800 songs.", "Little Shop of Horrors (musical) __knowledge__ Little Shop of Horrors is a horror comedy rock musical, by composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman, about a hapless florist shop worker who raises a plant that feeds on human blood and flesh.", "Little Shop of Horrors (musical) __knowledge__ The musical is based on the low-budget 1960 black comedy film \"The Little Shop of Horrors\".", "Little Shop of Horrors (musical) __knowledge__ The music, composed by Menken in the style of early 1960s rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown, includes several well-known tunes, including the title song, \"Skid Row (Downtown)\", \"Somewhere That's Green\", and \"Suddenly, Seymour\".", "Little Shop of Horrors (musical) __knowledge__ The musical premiered Off-Off-Broadway in 1982 before moving to the Orpheum Theatre Off-Broadway, where it had a five-year run.", "Roberto Clemente __knowledge__ Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker (; August 18, 1934 – December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican professional baseball right fielder who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates.", "Roberto Clemente __knowledge__ He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1973, becoming the first Latin American and Caribbean player to be enshrined.", "Roberto Clemente __knowledge__ His untimely death established the precedent that, as an alternative to the five-year retirement period, a player who has been deceased for at least six months is eligible for entry into the Hall of Fame.", "Roberto Clemente __knowledge__ Clemente was an All-Star for twelve seasons, playing in fifteen All-Star Games.", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ \"My Heart Will Never Know\" is a song written by Steve Dorff and Billy Kirsch, and recorded by American country music artist Clay Walker.", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ It was released in May 1995 as the third and final single from his album \"If I Could Make a Living\".", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ It peaked at number 16 in the United States and number 6 in Canada.", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ Larry Flick of \"Billboard\" gave the song a positive review writing \"One of the brightest stars in country music's new wave, Walker is batting 1.000 at radio.", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ He delivers one of his best-ever vocal performances, conveying all the heartbreak of this well-written ballad's lyric.\"", "My Heart Will Never Know __knowledge__ Sonia Murray of the \"Atlanta Constitution\" wrote \"My Heart Will Never Know,\" has enough pop inflection to make it appealing to young listeners who grew up on recent rock 'n' roll.", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ Brendan Seamus Brady is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Emmett J. Scanlan.", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ The character was introduced in 2010 by series producer Paul Marquess during part of the show's overhaul, and became one of \"Hollyoaks\" most popular characters.", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ He is easily recognised by his famous horseshoe moustache.", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ He is the older half-brother of already established character Cheryl Brady (Bronagh Waugh).", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ Following the announcement of Brendan's casting, he was quickly billed as the show's new \"bad boy\" character.", "Brendan Brady __knowledge__ Despite having the persona of a villain at the start of the show, as the show progressed the character was portrayed to be more of a tragic antihero.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food is a mass-produced food that is prepared and served very quickly.", "Fast food __knowledge__ The food is typically less nutritionally valuable compared to other foods and dishes.", "Fast food __knowledge__ While any meal with low preparation time can be considered fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through.", "Fast food __knowledge__ Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\").", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Criticism of fast food includes claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Fast food chains have come under fire from consumer groups, such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a longtime fast food critic over issues such as caloric content, trans fats and portion sizes.", "Criticism of fast food __knowledge__ Social scientists have highlighted how the prominence of fast food narratives in popular urban legends suggests that modern consumers have an ambivalent relationship (characterized by guilt) with fast food, particularly in relation to children.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album, \"Confident\" (2015).", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song was released on July 1, 2015, by Hollywood, and Island Records, and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Lovato co-wrote \"Cool for the Summer\" with Alexander Erik Kronlund, Savan Kotecha, and the song's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ Musically, it is a pop rock song featuring electronic instrumental arrangement.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ The song garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics.", "Cool for the Summer __knowledge__ \"Cool for the Summer\" topped the digital chart in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, as well as the top 20 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain, and the United States.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Refrigeration __knowledge__ Refrigeration is a process of removing heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a high-temperature reservoir.", "Refrigeration __knowledge__ The work of heat transfer is traditionally driven by mechanical means, but can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means.", "Refrigeration __knowledge__ Refrigeration has many applications, including, but not limited to: household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning.", "Refrigeration __knowledge__ Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to air conditioning units.", "Refrigeration __knowledge__ Refrigeration has had a large impact on industry, lifestyle, agriculture, and settlement patterns.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Richard and Maurice McDonald __knowledge__ Richard and Maurice McDonald were the founders of the original McDonald’s restaurant in San Bernardino, California and inventors of the ‘Speedee Service System’.", "Richard and Maurice McDonald __knowledge__ In 1937, the McDonald brothers opened a hot dog stand in Monrovia, California, inspired by a local hot dog stand that seemed to be the only profitable business in town, and which primarily served patrons at a local racetrack.", "Richard and Maurice McDonald __knowledge__ However, the stand had few customers after racing season ended.", "Richard and Maurice McDonald __knowledge__ Maurice decided to open a bigger hot dog stand in San Bernardino, a large working-class town approximately 50 miles eastward, with a population of approximately 100,000 people.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ This history of McDonald's is an overview of the original restaurant and of the chain.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald family moved from Manchester, New Hampshire to Hollywood, California in the late 1930s, where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion-Picture studios.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened \"The Airdrome\", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia, California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold.", "History of McDonald's __knowledge__ Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all-you-can-drink orange juice at five cents.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ A fast food restaurant, also known as a quick service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast food cuisine and has minimal table service.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ The food served in fast food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.", "Fast food restaurant __knowledge__ Fast food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provisions standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ The oldest operating McDonald's restaurant is a drive-up hamburger stand at 10207 Lakewood Boulevard at Florence Avenue in Downey, California.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ It was the third McDonald's restaurant and opened on August 18, 1953.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ It was also the second restaurant franchised by Richard and Maurice McDonald, prior to the involvement of Ray Kroc in the company.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ The restaurant is now the oldest in the chain still in existence and is one of Downey's main tourist attractions.", "Oldest McDonald's restaurant __knowledge__ Along with its sign, it was deemed eligible for addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, although it was not added because the owner objected.", "The Founder __knowledge__ The Founder is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by John Lee Hancock and written by Robert Siegel.", "The Founder __knowledge__ The film stars Michael Keaton as businessman Ray Kroc, and portrays the story of his creation of the McDonald's fast food chain.", "The Founder __knowledge__ Nick Offerman and John Carroll Lynch co-star as McDonald's founders Richard and Maurice McDonald.", "The Founder __knowledge__ The film premiered at Arclight Hollywood on December 7, 2016 and was released in the United States on January 20, 2017, by The Weinstein Company.", "The Founder __knowledge__ It grossed $24 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for Keaton's performance.", "Ray Kroc __knowledge__ Raymond Albert \"Ray\" Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American businessman.", "Ray Kroc __knowledge__ He joined the California company McDonald's in 1954, just a few months after the McDonald brothers had branched out from their original 1940 operation in San Bernardino, with Kroc turning the chain into a nationwide and eventually global franchise, making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world.", "Ray Kroc __knowledge__ Controversially, Kroc would present himself as the founder of McDonald's during his later life.", "Ray Kroc __knowledge__ Kroc was included in \"\", and amassed a fortune during his lifetime.", "Ray Kroc __knowledge__ He owned the San Diego Padres baseball team from 1974 until his death in 1984." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Things That Make You Go Hmmm... __knowledge__ \"Things That Make You Go Hmmm...\" is a song by American dance group C+C Music Factory.", "Things That Make You Go Hmmm... __knowledge__ It was released in June 1991 as the third single from the album \"Gonna Make You Sweat\".", "Things That Make You Go Hmmm... __knowledge__ The single features Freedom Williams and he is also seen in the song's music video.", "Things That Make You Go Hmmm... __knowledge__ The song was inspired by a running gag on \"The Arsenio Hall Show\", where Arsenio, while allegedly on a long drive, pondered certain thoughts and referred to them as \"things that make you go hmmm...\" The C+C song was a success in the US, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B Singles chart.", "Things That Make You Go Hmmm... __knowledge__ It also reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart.", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it.", "Food security __knowledge__ There is evidence of granaries being in use over 10,000 years ago, with central authorities in civilizations including ancient China and ancient Egypt being known to release food from storage in times of famine.", "Food security __knowledge__ At the 1974 World Food Conference the term \"food security\" was defined with an emphasis on supply.", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security, they said, is the \"availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices\".", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocer is a bulk seller of food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food that is packaged in bottles, boxes, and cans; some also have bakeries, butchers, delis, and fresh produce.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Large grocery stores that stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing and household items, are called supermarkets.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Some large supermarkets also include a pharmacy, and customer service, redemption, and electronics sections.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ In Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, supermarkets and convenience stores are sometimes described as grocery businesses, or simply grocers.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.", "KFC __knowledge__ Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories .", "KFC __knowledge__ The chain is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC __knowledge__ KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ Sanders identified the potential of restaurant franchising, and the first \"Kentucky Fried Chicken\" franchise opened in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1952.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger.", "History of KFC __knowledge__ Branding himself \"Colonel Sanders\", the founder became a prominent figure of American cultural history, and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising.", "Vandana Luthra __knowledge__ Vandana Luthra (born 12 July 1959) is an Indian entrepreneur and the founder of VLCC Health Care Ltd. a beauty and wellness conglomerate represented in Asia,the GCC and Africa.", "Vandana Luthra __knowledge__ She is also the Chairperson of the Beauty & Wellness Sector Skill Council (B&WSSC), an initiative that provides training under the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana scheme.", "Vandana Luthra __knowledge__ She was honored by the Government of India in 2013 with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for her contribution to the fields of trade and industry.", "Vandana Luthra __knowledge__ She won the Asian Business Leaders Forum Trailblazer Award in 2012 and The Enterprise Asia Women Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2010.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ Maruti Suzuki India Limited, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited, is an automobile manufacturer in India.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ It is a 56.21%-owned subsidiary of Suzuki and motorcycle manufacturer Suzuki Motor Corporation.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ , it had a market share of 51% of the Indian passenger car market.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ Maruti Suzuki manufactures and sells popular cars such as the Ciaz, Ertiga, Wagon R, Alto, Swift, Celerio, Swift Dzire, Baleno and Baleno RS, Ignis.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ The company is headquartered at New Delhi.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ In February 2012, the company sold its ten millionth vehicle in India.", "Maruti Suzuki __knowledge__ Maruti was established in February 1981 though the actual production commenced only in 1983.", "Nando's __knowledge__ Nando's is an international casual dining restaurant chain originating in South Africa.", "Nando's __knowledge__ Founded in 1987, Nando's operates about 1,000 outlets in 30 countries.", "Nando's __knowledge__ Nando's specializes in Portuguese style chicken dishes with various peri-peri marinades.", "Nando's __knowledge__ The restaurant was founded in 1987 in the Johannesburg suburb Rosettenville when Portuguese-born audio engineer Fernando Duarte took his entrepreneur friend Robert Brozin to a Portuguese takeaway called \"Chickenland\" for a meal.", "Nando's __knowledge__ After trying the chicken, cooked in piri piri, a Portuguese chilli sauce made from a pepper with the same name found in Mozambique, they bought the restaurant for about 80,000 rand (equivalent of about £25,000 at the time).", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ KFC (the name was originally an initialism for Kentucky Fried Chicken) is a fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, United States (US).", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ It is the world's second largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with 18,875 outlets in 118 countries and territories .", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ The company is a subsidiary of Yum!", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ Japan is the third-largest market for KFC after China and the United States with 1,165 outlets as of December 2014.", "KFC in Japan __knowledge__ In Japan, 70 percent of sales are take-away, with customers tending to buy fried chicken for parties and other special occasions and eating it as a side dish.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The majority of the locations of international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King are privately owned franchises.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ While the majority of franchisees are smaller operations, several have grown into major corporations in their own right.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ At the end of the company's fiscal year in 2015, Burger King reported it had more than 15,000 outlets in 84 countries; of these, approximately 50% are in the United States and 99.9% are privately owned and operated.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The company locations employ more than 37,000 people who serve approximately 11.4 million customers daily.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ Since its predecessor's inception in 1953, Burger King has used several variations of franchising to expand its operations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is a fast food company that was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The first time a McDonald's franchise used the Golden Arches logo was in 1953 at a location in Phoenix, Arizona.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In 1955, Ray Kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, but has approved plans to move its global headquarters to Chicago by 2018.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ McDonald's is the world's largest restaurant chain by revenue, serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across approximately 36,900 outlets as of 2016.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ Although McDonald's is known for its hamburgers, they also sell cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food, the company has added to its menu salads, fish, smoothies, and fruit.", "McDonald's __knowledge__ The McDonald's Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters.", "Burger King products __knowledge__ As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ The Radioactive Chicken Heads are an American comedy rock band based out of Santa Ana, California.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ Originally formed under the name Joe and the Chicken Heads in early 1994, the Chicken Heads are easily recognized by their freakish mutant chicken and vegetable masks as well as their theatrical stage shows, all of which tie into an elaborate backstory and mythology the band has developed over the course of their career and serves as the subject for much of their music, videos, a role-playing computer game and an independently-produced television pilot.", "The Radioactive Chicken Heads __knowledge__ Over the course of their career, the Chicken Heads have released five albums, one EP, several singles and seventeen music videos, among other releases.", "Chew (comics) __knowledge__ Chew is an American comic book series about a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agent who solves crimes by receiving psychic impressions from food, including people.", "Chew (comics) __knowledge__ It is written by John Layman with art by Rob Guillory and published by Image Comics.", "Chew (comics) __knowledge__ The series has won two Eisner Awards and two Harvey Awards.", "Chew (comics) __knowledge__ \"Chew\"'s first issue was released in June 2009, and the series concluded with its 60th issue in November 2016.", "Chew (comics) __knowledge__ Set in a world where all chicken and other bird meats are illegal, after a catastrophic outbreak of the bird flu that killed 23 million Americans, \"Chew\" centers on Tony Chu, a police detective who is a Cibopath (pronounced \"see-bo-path\").", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1955, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expanding its menu by adding the Whopper.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company did not add another permanent hamburger to its menu until the introduction of the Big King sandwich in 1996 in response to McDonald's Big Mac sandwich.", "List of Burger King products __knowledge__ The company began experimenting with premium hamburgers, made from higher quality ingredients, in 1978 with the introduction of its Specialty Sandwich product line.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "New Brunswick Highway Patrol __knowledge__ The New Brunswick Highway Patrol or NBHP was a police force active in New Brunswick, Canada between 1978 and 1989.", "New Brunswick Highway Patrol __knowledge__ In 1978 the government of Premier Richard Hatfield transferred 25 commercial vehicle enforcement officers from the Highway Law Enforcement Division of the provincial Department of Transportation to the provincial Department of Justice.", "New Brunswick Highway Patrol __knowledge__ The duties of these officers initially consisted of traffic patrol, commercial vehicle enforcement, enforcement of highway laws such as the \"Highway Act\", \"Motor Carrier Act\" and \"Motor Vehicle Act\", seizure of motor vehicle license plates, and escort for oversize loads.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ \"Tastes like chicken\" is a declaration used when trying to describe the flavour of an unusual food.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ The expression has been used so often in popular culture that it has become a cliché.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ As a result, the phrase is also sometimes used to provide incongruous humor, by being used to describe foods or situations where it has no real relevance.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ As an explanation of why unusual meats would taste more like chicken than common alternatives such as beef or pork, different possibilities have been offered.", "Tastes like chicken __knowledge__ One idea is that chicken has a bland taste because fat contributes more flavour than muscle (especially in the case of a lean cut such as a skinless chicken breast), making it a generic choice for comparison." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 6, 2, 7 ]	[ "Mine as well, honestly. They are a fast food company that started in 1940.", "It was started by Richard and Maurice McDonald.", "By now they have over 36,000 outlets all over the world.", "They started off as a hamburger stand but they now sell all types of stuff like chicken and fish.", "It is pretty damn good. They also sell their amazing french fries." ]	[ "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's", "McDonald's" ]
[ "Open relationship", "Open relationship? Why did he say so? ", "Wow, so, are you going to allow that? Can you share your man? ", "Cool. So what do you intend doing. If it's me, I will take a walk " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Open relationship __knowledge__ An open relationship is an intimate relationship which is consensually non-monogamous.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ This term may sometimes refer to polyamory, but it is often used to signify a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners who agree to have sexual relationships but not romantic relationships with other people.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The nature of the openness in the relationship, including what outside sexual contact is permissible, varies widely.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Open relationships include any type of romantic relationship (dating, marriage, etc.)", "Open relationship __knowledge__ that is open.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The concept of an open relationship has been recognized since the 1970s.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ To a large degree, open relationships are a generalization of the concept of a relationship beyond monogamous relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ A form of open relationship is the open marriage, in which the participants in a marriage have an open relationship.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ There are several different styles of open relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some examples include: The term open relationship is sometimes used interchangeably with the closely related term polyamory, but the two concepts are not identical.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The main unifying element to open relationship styles is non-exclusivity of romantic or sexual relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some believe that open relationships occur more frequently in certain demographics, such as the young rather than the old in America, including, more specifically, the college-educated middle-class, rather than the uneducated working-class, or people of certain ethnic and/or other racial minorities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Open relationship __knowledge__ An open relationship is an intimate relationship which is consensually non-monogamous.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ This term may sometimes refer to polyamory, but it is often used to signify a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners who agree to have sexual relationships but not romantic relationships with other people.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The nature of the openness in the relationship, including what outside sexual contact is permissible, varies widely.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Open relationships include any type of romantic relationship (dating, marriage, etc.)", "Open relationship __knowledge__ that is open.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The concept of an open relationship has been recognized since the 1970s.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ To a large degree, open relationships are a generalization of the concept of a relationship beyond monogamous relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ A form of open relationship is the open marriage, in which the participants in a marriage have an open relationship.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ There are several different styles of open relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some examples include: The term open relationship is sometimes used interchangeably with the closely related term polyamory, but the two concepts are not identical.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The main unifying element to open relationship styles is non-exclusivity of romantic or sexual relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some believe that open relationships occur more frequently in certain demographics, such as the young rather than the old in America, including, more specifically, the college-educated middle-class, rather than the uneducated working-class, or people of certain ethnic and/or other racial minorities.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ Terminology within polyamory looks at the evolution and meaning of the word \"polyamory\" itself, as well as alternate definitions and concepts which closely relate to it.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ The word \"polyamory\" has been applied to the practice or lifestyle of being open to the possibility of people having more than one loving, intimate relationship at a time, with full knowledge and consent by all partners involved.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ The term is sometimes socially abbreviated to poly, especially as a form of self-description, and also at times described as consensual non-monogamy.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ \"Polyamory\" is a hybrid word: \"poly\" is Greek for \"many\" (or \"multiple\") and \"amor\" is Latin for \"love\".", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Noah's Arc characters __knowledge__ \"Noah's Arc\", a comedy-drama series, follows the lives of four friends who work in solve their dilemmas involving sexuality, gay bashing, same-sex parenting, and HIV/AIDS awareness, as well as finding acceptance and equality in their community.", "List of Noah's Arc characters __knowledge__ Since its debut in October 2005, the series has followed the career of Noah Nicholson, as he progresses from through different jobs to mainstream screenwriter.", "List of Noah's Arc characters __knowledge__ The show features similarities to the movie Punks, which were both directed by Patrik-Ian Polk.", "List of Noah's Arc characters __knowledge__ Three actors from the film re-appeared in the show including Rodney Chester, Gregory Keith, and Rockmond Dunbar.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ Please Like Me is an Australian television comedy drama series created by and starring Josh Thomas.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ Thomas also serves as a writer for most episodes.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ The series premiered on 28 February 2013 on ABC2 in Australia.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ The show explores realistic issues with humorous tones; the executive producer Todd Abbott had pitched the show as a drama rather than a sitcom.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ The show aired later on the United States network Pivot, which then helped to develop the show from its second season onwards.", "Please Like Me __knowledge__ Four seasons of the show have been broadcast, and creator Thomas has stated that he has no plans to make any further episodes.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ Ingrown hair is a condition where hair curls back or grows sideways into the skin.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ The condition is most prevalent among people who have coarse or curly hair.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ It may or may not be accompanied by an infection of the hair follicle (folliculitis) or \"razor bumps\" (pseudofolliculitis barbae), which vary in size.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ While ingrown hair most commonly appears in areas where the skin is shaved or waxed (beard, legs, pubic region), it can appear anywhere.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ Anything which causes the hair to be broken off unevenly with a sharp tip can cause ingrown hairs.", "Ingrown hair __knowledge__ Ingrown hairs are also caused because of lack of natural exfoliation in the skin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Open relationship __knowledge__ An open relationship is an intimate relationship which is consensually non-monogamous.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ This term may sometimes refer to polyamory, but it is often used to signify a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners who agree to have sexual relationships but not romantic relationships with other people.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The nature of the openness in the relationship, including what outside sexual contact is permissible, varies widely.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Open relationships include any type of romantic relationship (dating, marriage, etc.)", "Open relationship __knowledge__ that is open.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The concept of an open relationship has been recognized since the 1970s.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ To a large degree, open relationships are a generalization of the concept of a relationship beyond monogamous relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ A form of open relationship is the open marriage, in which the participants in a marriage have an open relationship.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ There are several different styles of open relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some examples include: The term open relationship is sometimes used interchangeably with the closely related term polyamory, but the two concepts are not identical.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The main unifying element to open relationship styles is non-exclusivity of romantic or sexual relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some believe that open relationships occur more frequently in certain demographics, such as the young rather than the old in America, including, more specifically, the college-educated middle-class, rather than the uneducated working-class, or people of certain ethnic and/or other racial minorities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ World of Warcraft (WoW) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ It is the fourth released game set in the \"Warcraft\" fantasy universe.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ \"World of Warcraft\" takes place within the \"Warcraft\" world of Azeroth, approximately four years after the events at the conclusion of Blizzard's previous \"Warcraft\" release, \".\"", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ Blizzard Entertainment announced \"World of Warcraft\" on September 2, 2001.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ The game was released on November 23, 2004, on the 10th anniversary of the \"Warcraft\" franchise.", "World of Warcraft __knowledge__ The first expansion of the game, , was released on January 16, 2007.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamory (from Greek ', \"many, several\", and Latin ', \"love\") is the practice of, or desire for, intimate relationships with more than one partner, with the knowledge of all partners.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ It has been described as \"consensual, ethical, and responsible non-monogamy\".", "Polyamory __knowledge__ People who identify as polyamorous reject the view that sexual and relational exclusivity are necessary for deep, committed, long-term loving relationships.", "Polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamorous arrangements are varied, reflecting the choices and philosophies of the individuals involved, but with recurring themes or values, such as love, intimacy, honesty, integrity, equality, communication, and commitment.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ Terminology within polyamory looks at the evolution and meaning of the word \"polyamory\" itself, as well as alternate definitions and concepts which closely relate to it.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ The word \"polyamory\" has been applied to the practice or lifestyle of being open to the possibility of people having more than one loving, intimate relationship at a time, with full knowledge and consent by all partners involved.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ The term is sometimes socially abbreviated to poly, especially as a form of self-description, and also at times described as consensual non-monogamy.", "Terminology within polyamory __knowledge__ \"Polyamory\" is a hybrid word: \"poly\" is Greek for \"many\" (or \"multiple\") and \"amor\" is Latin for \"love\".", "Open marriage styles __knowledge__ Styles of open marriage are distinctions between open marriages based on the motives for participating in open marriage and on the nature of extramarital relationships.", "Open marriage styles __knowledge__ Couples in open marriages may prefer different kinds of extramarital relationships.", "Open marriage styles __knowledge__ Couples who prefer extramarital relationships emphasizing love and emotional involvement have a polyamorous style of open marriage.", "Open marriage styles __knowledge__ Couples who prefer extramarital relationships emphasizing sexual gratification and recreational friendships have a swinging style of open marriage.", "Open marriage styles __knowledge__ These distinctions may depend on psychological factors such as sociosexuality and may contribute to the formation of separate polyamory and swinging communities.", "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures __knowledge__ Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures are subcultures and communities composed of people who have shared experiences, backgrounds, or interests due to common sexual or gender identities.", "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures __knowledge__ Among the first to argue that members of sexual minorities can also constitute cultural minorities were Adolf Brand, Magnus Hirschfeld, and Leontine Sagan in Germany.", "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures __knowledge__ These pioneers were later followed by the Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis in the United States.", "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures __knowledge__ Not all persons of various gender and sexual orientations identify or affiliate with a particular subculture.", "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures __knowledge__ Reasons include geographic distance, unawareness of the subculture's existence, fear of social stigma, or personal preference to remain unidentified with sexuality- or gender-based subcultures or communities.", "Values within polyamory __knowledge__ Polyamory, the lifestyle or choice of having multiple mutually aware and consenting loving relationships, often requires a degree of negotiation and individual choice to reach a solid basis for relationships.", "Values within polyamory __knowledge__ In negotiating the terms of polyamorous relationships, practitioners emphasize values within polyamory, as opposed to referring to predetermined rules and roles.", "Values within polyamory __knowledge__ The values discussed here are \"ideals\" often referred to in articles and discussion on the subject.", "Values within polyamory __knowledge__ As with any ideals, their adherents sometimes fall short of the mark; however, major breaches of a polyamorous relationship's ideals are taken as seriously as such breaches would be in any other relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Open relationship __knowledge__ An open relationship is an intimate relationship which is consensually non-monogamous.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ This term may sometimes refer to polyamory, but it is often used to signify a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners who agree to have sexual relationships but not romantic relationships with other people.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The nature of the openness in the relationship, including what outside sexual contact is permissible, varies widely.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Open relationships include any type of romantic relationship (dating, marriage, etc.)", "Open relationship __knowledge__ that is open.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The concept of an open relationship has been recognized since the 1970s.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ To a large degree, open relationships are a generalization of the concept of a relationship beyond monogamous relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ A form of open relationship is the open marriage, in which the participants in a marriage have an open relationship.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ There are several different styles of open relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some examples include: The term open relationship is sometimes used interchangeably with the closely related term polyamory, but the two concepts are not identical.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ The main unifying element to open relationship styles is non-exclusivity of romantic or sexual relationships.", "Open relationship __knowledge__ Some believe that open relationships occur more frequently in certain demographics, such as the young rather than the old in America, including, more specifically, the college-educated middle-class, rather than the uneducated working-class, or people of certain ethnic and/or other racial minorities.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso or Nasso ( — Hebrew for \"take a census\" or \"lift up,\" the sixth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 35th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Numbers.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah addresses priestly duties, purifying the camp, restitution for wrongs committed, the wife accused of unfaithfulness (\"sotah\"), the nazirite, the Priestly Blessing, and the consecration of the Tabernacle.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ Naso has the largest number of letters, words, and verses of any of the 54 weekly Torah portions.", "Naso (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 8,632 Hebrew letters, 2,264 Hebrew words, and 176 verses, and can occupy about 311 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Coolness is an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, comportment, appearance and style which is generally admired.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Because of the varied and changing connotations of cool, as well as its subjective nature, the word has no single meaning.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ It has associations of composure and self-control (cf.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ the OED definition) and often is used as an expression of admiration or approval.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ Although commonly regarded as slang, it is widely used among disparate social groups and has endured in usage for generations.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ There is no single concept of cool.", "Cool (aesthetic) __knowledge__ One of the essential characteristics of cool is its mutability—what is considered cool changes over time and varies among cultures and generations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ John Bruce \"Jack\" Thompson (born July 25, 1951) is an American activist and disbarred attorney, based in Coral Gables, Florida.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ Thompson is known for his role as an anti-video-game activist, particularly against violence and sex in video games.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ During his time as an attorney, Thompson focused his legal efforts against what he perceives as obscenity in modern culture.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ This included rap music, broadcasts by shock jock Howard Stern, the content of computer and video games and their alleged effects on children.", "Jack Thompson (activist) __knowledge__ He is also known for his unusual filings to The Florida Bar, including challenging the constitutionality of The Florida Bar itself in 1993.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ \"Reflective surfaces\" are surfaces that can deliver high solar reflectance (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths of the sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface) and high thermal emittance (the ability to radiate absorbed, or non-reflected solar energy).", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Reflective surfaces are a form of geoengineering.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ The most well-known type of reflective surface is the \"cool roof\".", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ While cool roofs are mostly associated with white roofs, they come in a variety of colors and materials and are available for both commercial and residential buildings.", "Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) __knowledge__ Today's \"cool roof\" pigments allow metal roofing products to be EnergyStar rated in dark colors, even black.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Infidelity (synonyms include: cheating, adultery (when married), netorare (NTR), being unfaithful, or having an affair) is a violation of a couple's assumed or stated contract regarding emotional and/or sexual exclusivity.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ Other scholars define infidelity as a violation according to the subjective feeling that one's partner has violated a set of rules or relationship norms; this violation results in feelings of sexual jealousy and rivalry.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ What constitutes an act of infidelity depends upon the exclusivity expectations within the relationship.", "Infidelity __knowledge__ In marital relationships, exclusivity expectations are commonly assumed although they are not always met.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ It is also an area of study and research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.", "Interpersonal communication __knowledge__ Generally, interpersonal communication research has contributed to at least six distinct categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication, 2) the processes of message production, 3) how uncertainty influences our behavior and information-management strategies, 4) deceptive communication, 5) relational dialectics, and 6) social interaction that is mediated by technology.", "Goo (album) __knowledge__ Goo is the sixth studio album by the American alternative rock band Sonic Youth.", "Goo (album) __knowledge__ It was released by DGC Records on June 26, 1990; the album is the band's first on a major label after the group left Enigma Records to sign with Geffen.", "Goo (album) __knowledge__ For the album, Sonic Youth sought to expand upon its trademark alternating guitar arrangements and the layered sound of the group's 1988 record \"Daydream Nation\".", "Goo (album) __knowledge__ Their songwriting was much more topical than past works and explored themes of female empowerment and pop culture.", "Goo (album) __knowledge__ Coming off the success of \"Daydream Nation\", Nick Sansano returned to engineer \"Goo\", but veteran record producer Ron Saint Germain was chosen by Sonic Youth to finish mixing the album following Sansano's dismissal.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ Relational transgressions occur when people violate implicit or explicit relational rules.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ These transgressions include a wide variety of behaviors.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ Scholars tend to delineate relational transgressions into three categories or approaches.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The first approach focuses on the aspect of certain behaviors as a violation of relational norms and rules.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The second approach focuses on the interpretive consequences of certain behaviors, particularly the degree to which they hurt the victim, imply disregard for the victim, and imply disregard for the relationship.", "Relational transgression __knowledge__ The third and final approach focuses more specifically on behaviors that constitute infidelity (a common form of relational transgression).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "Sexual jealousy __knowledge__ Sexual jealousy is a special form of jealousy in sexual relationships, present in animals that reproduce through internal fertilization, and is based on suspected or imminent sexual infidelity.", "Sexual jealousy __knowledge__ It is founded on the instinct of keeping genes in the gene pool and expecting sexual partners to care for the offspring.", "Sexual jealousy __knowledge__ The concept is studied in human and non-human primates in the field of evolutionary psychology.", "Sexual jealousy __knowledge__ \"Evolutionary psychologists\" have suggested that there is a gender difference in sexual jealousy driven by men and women's different reproductive biology.", "Sexual jealousy __knowledge__ For men it is felt as a threat to his relationship's future because he could be cuckolded into raising children that are not his own." ] ]	[ 0, 2, 76, 6 ]	[ "My boyfriend wants an open relationship and I'm not too keen on the idea", "He just said he likes the idea of polyamory.", "I don't think I can, I feel like it would be an act of infidelity based on my expectations of the relationship", "I'm thinking the same. He seems to think it's ok since the concept of an open relationship has been recognized since the 1970s. " ]	[ "Open relationship", "Open relationship", "Open relationship", "Open relationship" ]
[ "Red hair\nI have red hair", "I knew it was rare, but not that rare. I also have green eyes, and I know that is rare too.", "So it is kind of like a mutation?", "Okay. That makes sense. Haha", "Yes I get both reactions, but it doesn't bother." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ \"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be.", "Introduction to genetics __knowledge__ Genetics is the study of genes—what they are, what they do, and how they work.", "Introduction to genetics __knowledge__ Genes inside the nucleus of a cell are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit various features (phenotypic traits).", "Introduction to genetics __knowledge__ For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes.", "Introduction to genetics __knowledge__ Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation.", "Introduction to genetics __knowledge__ In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell—gene expression; and how a cell divides—mitosis or meiosis.", "Morsum __knowledge__ Morsum (North Frisian: \"Muasem\") is a village on the North Sea island of Sylt in the district of Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.", "Morsum __knowledge__ Today, it is an \"Ortsteil\" of the \"Gemeinde Sylt\".", "Morsum __knowledge__ Morsum is located close to the scientifically important geotope and to the beginning of the Hindenburgdamm linking Sylt with the mainland.", "Morsum __knowledge__ Morsum (North Frisian: \"Muasem\") derives from \"settlement of Mar\".", "Morsum __knowledge__ Morsum was first mentioned in a document of 1462 (\"Zinsbuch\" of the \"Bistum Schleswig\").", "Morsum __knowledge__ Until the 19th century, it was the most populous village on Sylt.", "Morsum __knowledge__ In 1695, Morsum had 118 taxable dwellings.", "Morsum __knowledge__ A school house was built in 1705.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's \"Ben 10 franchise\".", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Voiced by: Heatblast is a Pyronite from the star Pyros.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ He appears as a magma-based lifeform whose body is composed of a bright inner magma body covered by a reddish-brown charcoal-like crust.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is essentially \"living magma\", thus everything he touches either melts or catches fire.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ In the original series, he is the tenth alien in the Omnitrix.", "List of Ben 10 aliens __knowledge__ Heatblast is Ben's first transformation, accidentally activated and started a wildfire in the pilot episode of the original series, \"And Then There Were 10\" when Ben was trying to remove the Omnitrix immediately after it first attached to him.", "Eye color __knowledge__ Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.", "Eye color __knowledge__ In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma.", "Eye color __knowledge__ The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel eyes, results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the blueness of the sky called Rayleigh scattering.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Night World __knowledge__ Night World is a series of ten (with the tenth as yet unpublished) young adult fantasy novels by American author L. J. Smith.", "Night World __knowledge__ The series presents a story in which vampires, witches, werewolves, and shapeshifters live among humans without their knowledge.", "Night World __knowledge__ These supernatural races make up a secret society known as the Night World, which enforces two fundamental laws to prevent discovery: 1) Never allow humans to gain knowledge of the Night World's existence and, 2) Never fall in love with a human.", "Night World __knowledge__ Each volume of the series follows a different protagonist (always a teenage girl) who must face various challenges involving love, the \"soulmate principle\" and the Night World's strict code.", "Freaky Green Eyes __knowledge__ Freaky Green Eyes (2003) was the third young adult fiction novel written by Joyce Carol Oates.", "Freaky Green Eyes __knowledge__ The story follows the life of 15-year-old Francesca \"Franky\" Pierson as she reflects on the events leading to her mother's mysterious disappearance.", "Freaky Green Eyes __knowledge__ Through what she calls \"Freaky's thoughts,\" Franky accepts the truth about her mother's disappearance and her father's hand in it.", "Freaky Green Eyes __knowledge__ Oates has said that the O.J Simpson case and the amount of media coverage it received inspired her to write \"Freaky Green Eyes.\"", "Freaky Green Eyes __knowledge__ The novel's two primary themes, domestic violence and life in the media spotlight, raised questions about social taboo, teen anxiety and the relationship between silence and truth.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The \"Angel's Friends\" comic and cartoon series features a cast of characters designed by Giada Perissinotto (comic) and Igor Chimisso (cartoon).", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional town, where four teenage Angels and four teenage Devils, are attending the Golden School to learn the art of being Guardian Angels and Guardian Devils, guarding and tempting the human beings, called Earthly ones.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ Angels come from Angie Town and are ruled by the High Spheres, while Devils are from Sulfur City and are ruled by Low Spheres.", "List of Angel's Friends characters __knowledge__ The Angels, called \"Angel's Friends\", are led by the main character, Raf, and are composed of her three friends Uri, Miki and Sweet, while the Devils, called \"Devil's Enemies\", are led by Sulfus and are composed by his friends Kabale, Cabiria and Gas.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as existing if a population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Changes in lifestyle could reverse overpopulated status without a large population reduction.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ The term \"human overpopulation\" refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment: the Earth, or to smaller geographical areas such as countries.", "Human __knowledge__ Modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\", ssp.", "Human __knowledge__ \"Homo sapiens sapiens\") are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina, a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes.", "Human __knowledge__ They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; high manual dexterity and heavy tool use compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.", "Human __knowledge__ Early hominins—particularly the australopithecines, whose brains and anatomy are in many ways more similar to ancestral non-human apes—are less often referred to as \"human\" than hominins of the genus \"Homo\".", "Human __knowledge__ Several of these hominins used fire, occupied much of Eurasia, and gave rise to anatomically modern \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa about 315,000 years ago.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In ecology, sustainability (from \"sustain\" and \"ability\") is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ In more general terms, sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.", "Sustainability __knowledge__ Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal.", "Parthenogenesis __knowledge__ Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek παρθένος parthenos, \"virgin\", + γένεσις genesis, \"creation\") is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.", "Parthenogenesis __knowledge__ In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell.", "Parthenogenesis __knowledge__ In plants parthenogenesis is a component process of apomixis.", "Parthenogenesis __knowledge__ Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some plants, some invertebrate animal species (including nematodes, water fleas, some scorpions, aphids, some mites, some bees, some Phasmida and parasitic wasps) and a few vertebrates (such as some fish, amphibians, reptiles and very rarely birds).", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ Race is a concept used in the categorization of humans into groups, called races or racial groups, based on combinations of shared physical traits, ancestry, genetics, and social or cultural traits.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ Although such groupings lack a firm basis in modern biology, they continue to have a strong influence over contemporary social relations.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ First used to refer to speakers of a common language and then to denote national affiliations, by the 17th century race began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits.", "Race (human categorization) __knowledge__ The term was often used in a general biological taxonomic sense, starting from the 19th century, to denote genetically differentiated human populations defined by phenotype.", "Technological theory of social production __knowledge__ In the technological theory of social production, the growth of output, measured in money units, is related to achievements in technological consumption of labour and energy.", "Technological theory of social production __knowledge__ This theory is based on concepts of classical political economy and neo-classical economics and appears to be a generalisation of the known economic models, such as the neo-classical model of economic growth and input-output model.", "Technological theory of social production __knowledge__ The major variables of any theory of social production are production factors, which are some universal characteristics of production processes and are considered as original sources of value.", "Technological theory of social production __knowledge__ In classical political economy (Smith, Marx, Ricardo), it is human efforts (labour) formula_1, which are measured in working hours." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "BRCA mutation __knowledge__ A \"BRCA\" mutation is a mutation in either of the \"BRCA1\" and \"BRCA2\" genes, which are tumour suppressor genes.", "BRCA mutation __knowledge__ Hundreds of different types of mutations in these genes have been identified, some of which have been determined to be harmful, while others have no proven impact.", "BRCA mutation __knowledge__ Harmful mutations in these genes may produce a hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome in affected persons.", "BRCA mutation __knowledge__ Only 5-10% of breast cancer cases in women are attributed to \"BRCA1\" and \"BRCA2\" mutations (with \"BRCA1\" mutations being slightly more common than \"BRCA2\" mutations), but the impact on women with the gene mutation is more profound.", "Mutation __knowledge__ In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.", "Mutation __knowledge__ Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA (such as may be caused by exposure to radiation or carcinogens), which then may undergo error-prone repair (especially microhomology-mediated end joining), or cause an error during other forms of repair, or else may cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis).", "Mutation __knowledge__ Mutations may also result from insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ The morphology of the Welsh language has many characteristics likely to be unfamiliar to speakers of English or continental European languages like French or German, but has much in common with the other modern Insular Celtic languages: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Cornish, and Breton.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ Welsh is a moderately inflected language.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ Verbs inflect for person, tense, and mood with affirmative, interrogative, and negative conjugations of some verbs.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ There is no case inflection in Modern Welsh.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ Modern Welsh can be written in several levels of formality, for example Colloquial or Literary.", "Colloquial Welsh morphology __knowledge__ The grammar described on this page is for Colloquial Welsh, which is used for speech and informal writing.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene or organism over a various amount of time.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ Mutation rates are not constant and are not limited to a single type of mutation, therefore there are many different types of mutations.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ Mutation rates are given for specific classes of mutations.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ Point mutations, are a class of mutations, which are small or large scale insertions or deletions.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ There are also Missense and Nonsense mutations, which are variations of point mutations.", "Mutation rate __knowledge__ The rate of these types of substitutions can be further subdivided into a mutation spectrum which describes the influence of the genetic context on the mutation rate.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ Mutation testing (or \"mutation analysis\" or \"program mutation\") is used to design new software tests and evaluate the quality of existing software tests.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ Mutation testing involves modifying a program in small ways.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ Each mutated version is called a \"mutant\" and tests detect and reject mutants by causing the behavior of the original version to differ from the mutant.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ This is called \"killing\" the mutant.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ Test suites are measured by the percentage of mutants that they kill.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ New tests can be designed to kill additional mutants.", "Mutation testing __knowledge__ Mutants are based on well-defined \"mutation operators\" that either mimic typical programming errors (such as using the wrong operator or variable name) or force the creation of valuable tests (such as dividing each expression by zero).", "Point mutation __knowledge__ A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.", "Point mutation __knowledge__ Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product—consequences that are moderately predictable based upon the specifics of the mutation.", "Point mutation __knowledge__ These consequences can range from benign (e.g.", "Point mutation __knowledge__ synonymous mutations) to catastrophic (e.g.", "Point mutation __knowledge__ frameshift mutations), with regard to protein production, composition, and function.", "Point mutation __knowledge__ Point mutation is a random SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that occurs at one point.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ In human genetics, Haplogroup G-P303 (G2a3b1) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ It is a branch of haplogroup G (Y-DNA) (M201).", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ In descending order, G-P303 is additionally a branch of G2 (P287), G2a (P15), G2a3 (L30 or S126) and finally G2a3b (L141).", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and the Black Sea.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ To the east, G2a3b1 is found among G persons across the Middle East, Iran, the southern Caucasus area, China and India.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ P303 exhibits its highest diversity in the Levant.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ All G-P303 men carry the P303 or S135 SNP Y-DNA mutation.", "Haplogroup G-P303 __knowledge__ There are also some short tandem repeat (STR) findings among G-P303 men which help in subgrouping them.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ MC1R is one of the key proteins involved in regulating mammalian skin and hair color.", "Melanocortin 1 receptor __knowledge__ It is located on the plasma membrane of specialized cells known as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin through the process of melanogenesis.", "Seal brown (horse) __knowledge__ Seal brown is a hair coat color of horses characterized by a near-black body color; with black points, the mane, tail and legs; but also reddish or tan areas around the eyes, muzzle, behind the elbow and in front of the stifle.", "Seal brown (horse) __knowledge__ The term is not to be confused with \"brown\", which is used by some breed registries to refer to either a seal brown horse or to a dark bay without the additional characteristics of seal brown genetics.", "Seal brown (horse) __knowledge__ Like bay, the seal brown color is produced by the Agouti (\"A\") gene acting upon a genetically black base coat, suppressing the black into point coloration and allowing the underlying reddish or brownish color to appear.", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ Skin whitening is the practice of using substances, mixtures, or physical treatments to lighten skin color.", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ Skin whitening treatments work by reducing the content of melanin of the skin.", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ Many agents have been shown to be effective in skin whitening; some have beneficial side effects (e.g.", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ : are antioxidants, nutrients, or decrease the risk of some types of cancer); some are a significant risk to health (for example, those containing mercury).", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ Specific zones of hyperpigmentation such as lentigo spots, moles and birthmarks may be depigmented to match to the surrounding skin.", "Skin whitening __knowledge__ In cases of vitiligo, unaffected skin may be lightened to achieve a more uniform appearance.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ An individual's skin pigmentation is the result of genetics, being the product of both of the individual's biological parents' genetic makeup.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ In evolution, skin pigmentation in human beings evolved by a process of natural selection primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance is the pigment melanin.", "Human skin color __knowledge__ Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin color of darker-skinned humans.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanomas typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they are most common on the back.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Sometimes they develop from a mole with concerning changes including an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The UV light may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ Haha, I'm Sorry is the second extended play by American recording artist Kitty Pryde.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ It was released on June 11, 2012.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The first and only single of \"Haha, I'm Sorry\", \"Okay Cupid\", was released as a digital download on April 11, 2012.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ On May 9, Kitty Pryde released the music video for \"Okay Cupid\", directed by Bryan McKay and Shannen Ortale, on YouTube.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The video became a viral success, having been viewed over one million times as of April 2014.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The music video garnered attention from various online music publications, including Complex, The Fader, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ \"Haha, I'm Sorry\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Running Man Brothers is a South Korean pop duo, which is named after the South Korean television show \"Running Man\".", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ The group is composed of cast members Kim Jong-kook and Haha and was formed in 2014.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Kim and Haha are regular cast members on the variety show \"Running Man\", which started airing in 2010, and they have been called it's favorite \"duo.\"", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Although Yoo Jae-suk is the star of the show, Kim and Haha have been written of as the \"spice\" of the show, with references to Kim's \"boyish likeability, upbeat personality and masculinity\" and Haha for \"his insatiable sense of humor and free spirit,\" and together are called \"the musical duo.\"", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Broadcast are an English indie electronic band, founded in Birmingham, England in 1995 by Trish Keenan and James Cargill.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ The band has released three albums as well as several EPs, singles and EP collections, with their first studio album, \"The Noise Made by People\", being released in 2000.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Their musical output gained notice from critics for its blending of elements of 1960s-American psychedelic rock with electronica, sometimes incorporating samples from films and other sources, and earned the band a cult following.", "Broadcast (band) __knowledge__ Broadcast's original members were Trish Keenan (vocals, keyboards, guitar), Roj Stevens (keyboards), Tim Felton (guitar), James Cargill (bass), and Steve Perkins (drums).", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Haha Sound is the second studio album by British indie electronic band Broadcast.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ It was released on 11 August 2003 by Warp Records.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ \"Haha Sound\" was released to critical acclaim and became their first charting album in the United States, reaching the top ten of the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Online music magazine \"Pitchfork\" placed \"Haha Sound\" at number 121 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In November 2007, \"Haha Sound\" was listed as one of \"The Guardian\"s \"1000 Albums to Listen to Before You Die\".", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In his review for \"Jockey Slut\", Paul Clarke called the album \"a dizzying ride\".", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ \"Don't Bother\" is a song performed by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, taken from her seventh studio album and second English-language album, \"Oral Fixation, Vol.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ 2\".", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ The song was released on 4 October 2005, by Epic Records as the lead single from the album.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ The song was written by Shakira, Lauren Christy, Graham Edwards and Scott Spock, and was produced by Shakira.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ \"Don't Bother\" is a rock-influenced song in which Shakira assures her former lover that she does not need his sympathy and can move on without him.", "Don't Bother __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"Don't Bother\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who praised Shakira's vocals but felt that the lyrics of the song were strange.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ Oral Fixation, Vol.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2 (Spanish: \"Fijación Oral, Vol.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 2\") is the seventh studio album and second English language album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira, released on 28 November 2005, by Epic Records.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ After attaining international success with her third studio effort, \"Laundry Service\" (2001), Shakira decided to create a two-part follow-up record.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ She released the project as the follow-up to her sixth studio effort \"Fijación Oral, Vol.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ 1\", with which she had attained international success five months prior.", "Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 __knowledge__ As co-producer, Shakira enlisted producers including previous collaborators Gustavo Cerati, Lester Mendez, Luis Fernando Ochoa and Rick Rubin to work alongside newer partners Jerry Duplessis, Wyclef Jean, Tim Mitchell and The Matrix.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ \"Shoo, Fly, Don't Bother Me!\"", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ is a song that was most likely written by T. Brigham Bishop and first published in 1869 by White, Smith & Perry.", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ It has remained popular since that time.", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ Today, it is commonly sung by children, and has been recorded on many children's records, including \"Disney Children's Favorite Songs 3\", performed by Larry Groce and the Disneyland Children's Sing-Along Chorus.", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ The song remained popular over the decades, and was commonly sung by soldiers during the Spanish–American War of 1898, when flies and the yellow fever mosquito were a serious enemy.", "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me __knowledge__ Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album \"Join Bing and Sing Along\" (1959) According to Bishop's account, he wrote \"Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me\" during the Civil War while assigned to command a company of black soldiers.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "330th Bombardment Group (VH) __knowledge__ The 330th Bombardment Group (\"Empire Busters\") was a bomber group of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.", "330th Bombardment Group (VH) __knowledge__ It was formed on 1 July 1942 at Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah.", "330th Bombardment Group (VH) __knowledge__ Initially, the group was equipped with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, and served as a training unit within the United States until April 1944.", "330th Bombardment Group (VH) __knowledge__ On 1 April 1944, the group re-formed as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress-equipped unit as part of the 314th Bombardment Wing and trained for deployment to the Pacific Theater against Japan.", "330th Bombardment Group (VH) __knowledge__ The group moved to North Field, Guam in 1945 as part of the Twentieth Air Force, flying its first combat mission on 12 April 1945.", "Energy profile (chemistry) __knowledge__ For a chemical reaction or process an energy profile (or reaction coordinate diagram) is a theoretical representation of a single energetic pathway, along the reaction coordinate, as the reactants are transformed into products.", "Energy profile (chemistry) __knowledge__ Reaction coordinate diagrams are derived from the corresponding potential energy surface (PES), which are used in computational chemistry to model chemical reactions by relating the energy of a molecule(s) to its structure (within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation).", "Energy profile (chemistry) __knowledge__ The reaction coordinate is a parametric curve that follows the pathway of a reaction and indicates the progress of a reaction.", "Chemical reaction __knowledge__ A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.", "Chemical reaction __knowledge__ Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation.", "Chemical reaction __knowledge__ Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur.", "Chemical reaction __knowledge__ The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Bargellini reaction __knowledge__ The Bargellini reaction is a chemical reaction discovered in 1906 by Italian chemist Guido Bargellini (1879–1963).", "Bargellini reaction __knowledge__ The original reaction was a mixture of the reagents phenol, chloroform, and acetone in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution.", "Bargellini reaction __knowledge__ Prior to Bargellini's research, the product attributed to this multi-component reaction (or MCR) had been described as a phenol derivative in chemistry texts at the time.", "Bargellini reaction __knowledge__ However, Bargellini demonstrated that a carboxylic acid derivative was actually the correct structure.", "Bargellini reaction __knowledge__ Later, organic chemists have used the reaction as a general method of organic synthesis for highly hindered or bulky morpholinones or piperazinones from ketones (particularly acetone) and either β-amino alcohols or diamines." ] ]	[ 1, 3, 5, 7, 7 ]	[ "Nice, it occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population so you are quite lucky!", "That is quite a rare combination. It happens due to an altered version of the MC1R protein in your genetic makeup", "Not per se, it just means your body produces high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin.", "I bet you get a mixed reaction since cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration!", "Thats good you must be quite cool and composed and not fiery-tempered, which is a stereotype regarding redheads " ]	[ "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair" ]
[ "Colorado", "I have never been there but heard all good stuff. Could you tell me more about what its like in Colorado?", "Wow! i love the mountains. Is it usually always cold weather ? i imagine it always snowing", "what is a mesa? Do you know ? i bet alot of people go there to ski ?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "The Good Stuff __knowledge__ \"The Good Stuff\" is a song written by Jim Collins and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney.", "The Good Stuff __knowledge__ It was released in May 2002 as the second single from his album \"No Shoes, No Shirt, No Problems\".", "The Good Stuff __knowledge__ The song was Chesney's fifth Number One single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.", "The Good Stuff __knowledge__ At the time, it was also his longest-lasting Number One, having spent a total of seven weeks at the top of the charts (a record since tied by his 2003 single \"There Goes My Life\").", "The Good Stuff __knowledge__ It was also named as the Number One country music single of 2002 according to \"Billboard\", and it reached Number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ Evangelos Spiros \"Spike\" Mendelsohn (born Montreal, Canada, December 15, 1980) is a Washington, D.C.-based chef and restaurateur best known as the fifth-place finisher of the fourth season of \"Top Chef\", which aired 2008-2009.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ He is the chef and owner of multiple restaurants: Good Stuff Eatery, Béarnaise, and We, The Pizza in Washington, D.C.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ In the summer of 2013, Mendelsohn opened his newest restaurant named \"Béarnaise\" in Washington's Capitol Hill.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ Béarnaise was awarded two stars by the Washington Post.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ Mendelsohn was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Spike Mendelsohn __knowledge__ His mother is Greek and his father is Jewish.", "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game __knowledge__ The Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his \"Chronicles of Amber\".", "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game __knowledge__ The game is unusual in that no dice are used in resolving conflicts or player actions; instead a simple diceless system of comparative ability, and narrative description of the action by the players and gamemaster, is used to determine how situations are resolved.", "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game __knowledge__ \"Amber DRPG\" was created in the 1980s, and is much more focused on relationships and roleplaying than most of the roleplaying games of that era.", "Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game __knowledge__ Most \"Amber\" characters are members of the two ruling classes in the \"Amber\" multiverse, and are much more advanced in matters of strength, endurance, psyche, warfare and sorcery than ordinary beings.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ Jason Michael Hirsh (born February 20, 1982) is a former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ In his career, he pitched for the Houston Astros and the Colorado Rockies.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ He stands at 6' 8\" and weighs .", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ He batted and threw right-handed.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ He threw a two-seam fastball, a four-seam fastball, a slider, and a changeup.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ Hirsh was not highly recruited out of high school, but after attending California Lutheran University, he was drafted by the Houston Astros in the second round of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft.", "Jason Hirsh __knowledge__ From 2005–06, Hirsh won the Double-A Texas League Pitcher of the Year Award and the Triple-A Pacific Coast League Pitcher of the Year Award in successive seasons, as he went a combined 26–10 with 283 strikeouts.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "Aldo Ray __knowledge__ Aldo Ray (born Aldo Da Re; September 25, 1926 - March 27, 1991) was an American actor.", "Aldo Ray __knowledge__ Ray was born Aldo Da Re in Pen Argyl in Northampton County in eastern Pennsylvania, to an Italian family with five brothers (Mario, Guido, Dante, Dino, and Louis) and one sister (Regina).", "Aldo Ray __knowledge__ His brother, Mario Da Re (1933-2010), lettered in football at USC from 1952 to 1954.", "Aldo Ray __knowledge__ On the May 12, 1955 edition of Groucho Marx's NBC-TV quiz show \"You Bet Your Life\", Mario appeared as a contestant.", "Aldo Ray __knowledge__ His family moved to the small town of Crockett in northern California when Aldo was four years old; his father worked as a laborer at the C & H Sugar Refinery, the largest employer in the town.", "Isuzu D-Max __knowledge__ The Isuzu D-Max is a pickup truck manufactured since 2002 by Isuzu Motors.", "Isuzu D-Max __knowledge__ It shares the same platform with several General Motors (GM) mid-size trucks in the United States such as the Chevrolet Colorado, GMC Canyon and Isuzu i-Series.", "Isuzu D-Max __knowledge__ The Chevrolet Colorado name is also applied to a rebadged version of the D-Max in the Middle East and Thailand, although not identical to the American version.", "Isuzu D-Max __knowledge__ The original D-Max is sold alongside the Chevrolet Colorado in the Thai market where they are both built.", "Isuzu D-Max __knowledge__ In Australasia between 2003 and 2008, the D-Max was marketed as the Holden Rodeo, but has since been relaunched as the Holden Colorado.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The Tucson Toros were a professional baseball team based in Tucson, Arizona, in the United States.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The original Toros were a Triple-A minor league baseball team in the Pacific Coast League from 1969 to 1997, where they won the PCL Championship in 1991 and 1993.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ They were affiliated with several Major League Baseball teams over the years, most notably with the Houston Astros.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ The most-recent Toros were created as a new team in the independent Golden Baseball League on September 1, 2008.", "Tucson Toros __knowledge__ They were originally the Mesa Miners (2005) and Reno Silver Sox (2006–2008) before being purchased by Tucson Baseball LLC and relocating to Tucson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.", "Drum kit __knowledge__ A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones - most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The global storm activity of 2010 includes major meteorological events in the Earth's atmosphere during the year, including winter storms (blizzards, ice storms, European windstorms), hailstorms, out of season monsoon rain storms, extratropical cyclones, gales, microbursts, flooding, rainstorms, tropical cyclones, and other severe weather events.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ The thunderstorm season for the Northern Hemisphere began near spring, beginning on March 1, and ending on August 31.", "Global storm activity of 2010 __knowledge__ Fresh overnight snowfall on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day caused disruption in north east England, with roads across Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Teesside affected.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The winter of 2009–2010 in Europe was unusually cold.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Globally, unusual weather patterns brought cold, moist air from the north.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ Weather systems were undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and saw many parts of Europe experiencing heavy snowfall and record-low temperatures.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ This led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures and postponed sporting events.", "Winter of 2009–10 in Europe __knowledge__ The cold weather was caused by high pressure over Greenland and Iceland forcing weather patterns southward, a phenomenon described by meteorologists as the Arctic Oscillation and also the North Atlantic Oscillation which were negative compared to normal.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61° N. It is on the western seaboard of Afro-Eurasia, the world's largest land mass.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream, frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather are typical.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Many types of weather can be experienced in a single day.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy, and hot temperatures are infrequent.", "Climate of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or \"Cfb\" on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of north-west Europe.", "Cold-weather warfare __knowledge__ Cold-weather warfare, also known as Arctic warfare or winter warfare, encompasses military operations affected by snow, ice, thawing conditions or cold, both on land and at sea.", "Cold-weather warfare __knowledge__ Cold-weather conditions occur year-round at high elevation or at high latitudes, and elsewhere materialise seasonally during the winter period.", "Cold-weather warfare __knowledge__ Mountain warfare often takes place in cold weather or on terrain that is affected by ice and snow, such as the Alps and the Himalayas.", "Cold-weather warfare __knowledge__ Historically, most such operations have been during winter in the Northern Hemisphere.", "Cold-weather warfare __knowledge__ Some have occurred above the Arctic Circle where snow, ice and cold may occur throughout the year.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ In linguistics, an impersonal verb is one that has no determinate subject.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ For example, in the sentence \"\"It rains\"\", \"rain\" is an impersonal verb and the pronoun \"it\" does not refer to anything.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ In many languages the verb takes a third person singular inflection and often appears with an expletive subject.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ In the active voice, impersonal verbs can be used to express operation of nature, mental distress, and acts with no reference to the do-er.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ Impersonal verbs are also called weather verbs because they frequently appear in the context of weather description.", "Impersonal verb __knowledge__ Also an indefinite pronoun may be called \"impersonal\", as they do refer to an unknown person, like \"one/man/on/se\" or \"someone/jemand/quelqu'un/alquien\", and there is overlap between the use of the two.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ Global storm activity of 2009 profiles the major worldwide storms, including blizzards, ice storms, and other winter events, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ Wintery storms are events in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form (i.e.", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ freezing rain).", "Global storm activity of 2009 __knowledge__ It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation, such as ice (ice storm), or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere (as in a dust storm, snowstorm, hailstorm, etc.).", "Colorado Plateau __knowledge__ The Colorado Plateau, also known as the Colorado Plateau Province, is a physiographic and desert region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States.", "Colorado Plateau __knowledge__ This province covers an area of 337,000 km (130,000 mi) within western Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, southern and eastern Utah, and northern Arizona.", "Colorado Plateau __knowledge__ About 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado River and its main tributaries: the Green, San Juan, and Little Colorado.", "Colorado Plateau __knowledge__ Most of the remainder of the plateau is drained by the Rio Grande and its tributaries.", "Colorado Plateau __knowledge__ The Colorado Plateau is largely made up of high desert, with scattered areas of forests.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).", "Colorado River __knowledge__ The river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. and two Mexican states.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ Starting in the central Rocky Mountains in the U.S., the river flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border.", "Colorado River __knowledge__ After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The ecology of the Rocky Mountains is diverse due to the effects of a variety of environmental factors.", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Rocky Mountains are the major mountain range in western North America, running from the far north of British Columbia in Canada to New Mexico in the southwestern United States, climbing from the Great Plains at or below to peaks of over .", "Ecology of the Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ Temperature and rainfall varies greatly also and thus the Rockies are home to a mixture of habitats including the alpine, subalpine and boreal habitats of the Northern Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta, the coniferous forests of Montana and Idaho, the wetlands and prairie where the Rockies meet the plains, a different mix of conifers on the Yellowstone Plateau in Wyoming and in the high Rockies of Colorado and New Mexico, and finally the alpine tundra of the highest elevations.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ The richly textured landscape of the United States is a product of the dueling forces of plate tectonics, weathering and erosion.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ Over the 4.5 billion-year history of our Earth, tectonic upheavals and colliding plates have raised great mountain ranges while the forces of erosion and weathering worked to tear them down.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ Even after many millions of years, records of Earth's great upheavals remain imprinted as textural variations and surface patterns that define distinctive landscapes or provinces.", "Geology of the United States __knowledge__ The diversity of the landscapes of the United States can be easily seen on the shaded relief image to the right.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera is the North American portion of the American Cordillera which is a mountain chain (cordillera) along the western side of the Americas.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The North American Cordillera covers an extensive area of mountain ranges, intermontane basins, and plateaus in western North America, including much of the territory west of the Great Plains.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ It is also sometimes called the Western Cordillera, the Western Cordillera of North America, or the Pacific Cordillera.", "North American Cordillera __knowledge__ The precise boundaries of this cordillera and its subregions, as well as the names of its various features, may differ depending on the definitions in each country or jurisdiction, and also depending on the scientific field; this cordillera is a particularly prominent subject in the scientific field of physical geography.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are a major subregion of the Rocky Mountains of North America located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Wyoming, the central and western portions of Colorado, the northern portion of New Mexico, and extreme eastern portions of Utah.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rocky Mountains are also commonly known as the Southern Rockies, and since the highest peaks are located in the State of Colorado, they are sometimes known as the Colorado Rockies, although many important ranges and peaks rise in the other three states.", "Southern Rocky Mountains __knowledge__ The Southern Rockies include the highest mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains and include all 30 of the highest major peaks of the Rockies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado () is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ It is the 8th largest geographically and 21st most populous U.S. state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The estimated population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1, 2016, an increase of 10.17% since the 2010 United States Census.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the \"Río Colorado\" for the silt the river carried from the mountains.", "Colorado __knowledge__ The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state a century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners.", "Colorado __knowledge__ Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and desert lands.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Mesa Verde National Park __knowledge__ Mesa Verde National Park is a National Park and World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado.", "Mesa Verde National Park __knowledge__ It protects some of the best preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States.", "Mesa Verde National Park __knowledge__ Created by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the park occupies near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest.", "Mesa Verde National Park __knowledge__ With more than 4,300 sites, including 600 cliff dwellings, it is the largest archaeological preserve in the U.S. Mesa Verde (Spanish for \"green table\") is best known for structures such as Cliff Palace, thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America.", "Mesa Verde National Park __knowledge__ Starting BCE, Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by a group of nomadic Paleo-Indians known as the Foothills Mountain Complex.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ The Ma'alot massacre was a Palestinian terrorist attack that occurred in May 1974 and involved a two-day hostage-taking of 115 Israeli people which ended in the murders of over 25 hostages.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ It began when three armed members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) entered Israel from Lebanon.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ Soon afterwards they attacked a van, killing two Israeli Arab women while injuring a third and entered an apartment building in the town of Ma'alot, where they killed a couple and their four-year-old son.", "Ma'alot massacre __knowledge__ From there, they headed for the Netiv Meir Elementary School, where they took more than 115 people (including 105 children) hostage on 15 May 1974, in Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna () is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in Jerusalem that sits partly in East Jerusalem and in a territory that was no man's land before the Six Day war.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ It borders the neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to the west, Ammunition Hill to the east, Ramat Eshkol to the north and Arzei HaBira to the south.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.", "Ma'alot Dafna __knowledge__ Ma'alot Dafna was established in 1972 on the hillside through which Israeli troops in the Six Day War made their way from the Israeli neighborhood of Shmuel HaNavi to fight the Arab Legion troops at the Battle of Ammunition Hill.", "Mesa Air Group __knowledge__ Mesa Air Group, Inc. is a Nevada Corporation commercial aviation holding company with headquarters in Suite 700 at 410 North 44th Street in the Camelback East area of Phoenix, Arizona, United States.", "Mesa Air Group __knowledge__ The company operates one regional airline subsidiary: Mesa Airlines which operates as American Eagle and United Express under contractual agreements with American Airlines and United Airlines respectively.", "Mesa Air Group __knowledge__ As of April 2015, Mesa operates 97 aircraft with approximately 420 daily system departures to 94 cities, 38 states, the District of Columbia and Mexico.", "Mesa Air Group __knowledge__ The company, founded in Farmington, NM in 1980 and purchased by Larry and Janie Risley in 1982, has approximately 2,500 employees.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The Southwestern United States (also known as the American Southwest) is the informal name for a region of the western United States.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ Definitions vary a great deal and have never been standardized--and many have been proposed.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ For example, it might include the stretch from east of Los Angeles to El Paso, and from the Mexican border to south of Denver.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The population for that particular definition area is around 11 million people, with over half that in the state of Arizona.", "Southwestern United States __knowledge__ The largest metropolitan areas are Phoenix (with a population over 4 million people) and Las Vegas (about 2 million); other significant population centers in the Southwest are Albuquerque, El Paso, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Tucson.", "Desert __knowledge__ A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.", "Desert __knowledge__ The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.", "Desert __knowledge__ About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid.", "Desert __knowledge__ This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\".", "Desert __knowledge__ Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "Blue Mountains (ecoregion) __knowledge__ The Blue Mountains ecoregion is a Level III ecoregion designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Pacific Northwest, mainly in the state of Oregon, with small areas over the state border in Idaho and southeastern Washington.", "Blue Mountains (ecoregion) __knowledge__ It is also contiguous with the World Wildlife Fund's Blue Mountain forests ecoregion.", "Blue Mountains (ecoregion) __knowledge__ This ecoregion extends from the Redmond area of Central Oregon, across a wide swath of the Columbia Plateau in Eastern Oregon, to Hells Canyon on the Snake River at the border of the three states.", "Blue Mountains (ecoregion) __knowledge__ The ecoregion is named for the Blue Mountains and contains a complex of basins and mountain ranges that, at average 2100-2900m, are lower and more open than the neighboring Cascades and Northern Rocky Mountains but do include some steep landscape of which Hells Canyon at 1,660m is North America's deepest gorge.", "Zion National Park __knowledge__ Zion National Park is a United States National Park located in southwestern Utah, near the city of Springdale.", "Zion National Park __knowledge__ A prominent feature of the park is Zion Canyon, which stretches 15 miles (24 km) long and spans up to half a mile (800 m) deep.", "Zion National Park __knowledge__ It cuts through the reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone by the North Fork of the Virgin River.", "Zion National Park __knowledge__ The lowest point in the park is at Coalpits Wash and the highest peak is at Horse Ranch Mountain.", "Zion National Park __knowledge__ Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert regions, the park has a unique geography and a variety of life zones that allow for unusual plant and animal diversity.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The term \"United States\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States's northern border with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border!", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as (land + inland water only)." ] ]	[ 0, 1, 8, 0 ]	[ "Hi, I recently went to Colorado for the first time, ", "Colorado encompass most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado plateau. ", "Yes it is cold except for summer, I went to the mountains, but there also amazing forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers, and deserts.", "Yes many people go there to sky, some of the most famous places are Aspen, Vail, Steamboat, but there are many more." ]	[ "Colorado", "Colorado", "Colorado", "Colorado" ]
[ "Bible\nHi, my favorite book is the Bible do you have any interest in it?", "That's very good, the good book is older than many civilizations and had many contributors over the years.", "Really? What is this disagreement centered on is it an interpretation conflict?", "I see, so like you said what is canon and what is not. How do you feel about this? Do you think the Apocrypha is canon?", "OK so I see that the disagreement shows it self between different denominations of the Christian faith." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ What's So Amazing About Grace?", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\".", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories.", "What's So Amazing About Grace? __knowledge__ These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive \"March to the Sea\".", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ This historical novel features a \"Bildungsroman\" or coming-of-age story, with the title taken from a poem written by Ernest Dowson.", "Gone with the Wind (novel) __knowledge__ \"Gone with the Wind\" was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ Robert Bausch (born April 18, 1945) is an American fiction writer, the author of nine novels and one collection of short stories.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He is currently a Professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College, and he has taught at the University of Virginia, The American University, Johns Hopkins University, George Mason University, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ His fourth novel, \"A Hole in the Earth\", was a \"New York Times\" Notable Book of the Year and a \"Washington Post\" Favorite Book of the Year.", "Robert Bausch __knowledge__ He has been awarded the Fellowship of Southern Writers' award for fiction for his fifth novel, \"The Gypsy Man\".", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ Rabbi Hayyim Angel is the National Scholar of the Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals (jewishideas.org).", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He has taught advanced Bible courses to undergraduate, graduate, and rabbinical students at Yeshiva University since 1996, and lectures widely.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He also serves as the Tanakh Education Scholar at Yeshivat Ben Porat Yosef in Paramus, New Jersey.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He has published over 130 scholarly articles, primarily in Bible, and is author or editor of sixteen books.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ His scholarship focuses on the interaction between traditional and academic approaches to Bible study.", "Hayyim Angel __knowledge__ He previously served as Rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City (1995-2013), and as Rabbinic Scholar at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun in New York (2014-2017).", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ The Thursday Next series by Jasper Fforde currently consists of the novels \"The Eyre Affair\", \"Lost in a Good Book\", \"The Well of Lost Plots\", \"Something Rotten\", \"First Among Sequels\", \"One of Our Thursdays Is Missing\" and \"The Woman Who Died a Lot\".", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ In his seventies, Analogy is the head of the Swindon branch of SO-27, the LiteraTecs, and is therefore Thursday's immediate superior.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ An operative for SO-27, the LiteraTecs, assigned to the Swindon branch, and Thursday's partner after her transfer.", "Characters in the Thursday Next series __knowledge__ In his thirties and with a slightly fussy, nervous edge to him, Bowden is intelligent and, at times, quite sly and cunning.", "Civilization __knowledge__ A civilization (UK and US) or civilisation (UK variant) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.", "Civilization __knowledge__ Civilizations are intimately associated with and often further defined by other socio-politico-economic characteristics, including centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, culturally ingrained ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming and expansionism.", "Clash of Civilizations __knowledge__ The Clash of Civilizations is a hypothesis that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world.", "Clash of Civilizations __knowledge__ The American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington argued that future wars would be fought not between countries, but between cultures, and that Islamic extremism would become the biggest threat to world peace.", "Clash of Civilizations __knowledge__ It was proposed in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 \"Foreign Affairs\" article titled \"The Clash of Civilizations?", "Clash of Civilizations __knowledge__ \", in response to his former student Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, \"The End of History and the Last Man\".", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact is the corpus of changes to terrestrial science, technology, religion, politics, and ecosystems resulting from contact with an extraterrestrial civilization.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ It is closely related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), which attempts to locate intelligent life as opposed to analyzing the implications of contact with that life.", "Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact __knowledge__ The potential changes from extraterrestrial contact could vary greatly in magnitude and type, based on the extraterrestrial civilization's level of technological advancement, degree of benevolence or malevolence, and level of mutual comprehension between itself and humanity.", "East Asian cultural sphere __knowledge__ The \"Sinosphere\", or \"East Asian cultural sphere\", refers to a grouping of countries and regions in East Asia that were historically influenced by the Chinese culture.", "East Asian cultural sphere __knowledge__ Other names for the concept include the Sinic world, the Confucian world, the Taoist world, and the Chinese cultural sphere, though the last is also used to refer particularly to the Sinophone world: the areas which speak varieties of Chinese.", "East Asian cultural sphere __knowledge__ The East Asian cultural sphere shares a Confucian ethical philosophy, Buddhism, Taoism and, historically, a common writing system.", "East Asian cultural sphere __knowledge__ The core regions of the East Asian cultural sphere are China, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.", "Drake equation __knowledge__ The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Drake equation __knowledge__ The number of such civilizations , is assumed to be equal to the mathematical product of for a combined expression of: The equation was written in 1961 by Frank Drake, not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations, but as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at the first scientific meeting on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).", "Drake equation __knowledge__ The equation summarizes the main concepts which scientists must contemplate when considering the question of other radio-communicative life.", "History of the world __knowledge__ The history of the world is the history of humanity (or human history), as determined from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, linguistics, and other disciplines; and, for periods since the invention of writing, from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies.", "History of the world __knowledge__ Humanity's written history was preceded by its prehistory, beginning with the Palaeolithic Era (\"Early Stone Age\"), followed by the Neolithic Era (\"New Stone Age\").", "History of the world __knowledge__ The Neolithic saw the Agricultural Revolution begin, between 8000 and 5000 BCE, in the Near East's Fertile Crescent.", "History of the world __knowledge__ The Agricultural Revolution marked a fundamental change in history, with humans beginning the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.", "Desmond Tutu __knowledge__ Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Anglican cleric and theologian known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist.", "Desmond Tutu __knowledge__ He was the Bishop of Johannesburg from 1985 to 1986 and then the Archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1996, in both cases being the first black man to hold the position.", "Desmond Tutu __knowledge__ Theologically, he sought to fuse ideas from black theology with African theology; politically, he identifies as a socialist.", "Desmond Tutu __knowledge__ Born of mixed Xhosa and Motswana heritage to a poor family in Klerksdorp, Tutu moved around South Africa as a child.", "Desmond Tutu __knowledge__ Entering adulthood, he trained as a teacher and married Nomalizo Leah Tutu, with whom he had several children.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ Luther Alexander Gotwald, D.D.", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ (1833–1900) was a professor of theology in the Wittenberg Theological Seminary in the USA.", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ He was tried for heresy by the board of directors at Wittenberg College in Springfield, Ohio, on April 4 and 5, 1893, which put on trial many key issues that Lutherans still debate today.", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ Gotwald died in 1900 in Springfield, Ohio.", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ Gotwald was born in York Springs, Adams County, Pennsylvania, the fifth child of seven brothers and five sisters, the son of Lutheran minister Daniel Gotwald.", "Luther Alexander Gotwald __knowledge__ Gotwald was the son of Daniel and Susannah (Krone) Gotwald, both natives of Pennsylvania and of German ancestry.", "History of Christianity in Britain __knowledge__ The history of Christianity in Britain covers the religious organisations, policies, theology, and popular religiosity since ancient times.", "History of Christianity in Britain __knowledge__ The early history of Christianity in Britain is highly obscure.", "History of Christianity in Britain __knowledge__ Medieval legends concerning the conversion of the island under King Lucius or from a mission by St Philip or Joseph of Arimathea have been discredited; they seem to have been pious forgeries introduced in attempts to establish independence or seniority in the ecclesiastical hierarchy formalized following the Norman conquest of England and Wales.", "History of Christianity in Britain __knowledge__ The first archaeological evidence and credible records showing a community large enough to maintain churches and bishops dates to the 3rd and 4th centuries, but it started from a small base: the British delegation to the 353 Council of Rimini had to beg for financial assistance from its fellows in order to return home.", "Quakers __knowledge__ Quakers (or Friends) are members of a historically Christian group of religious movements formally known as the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church.", "Quakers __knowledge__ Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united in a belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access \"the small light within\", or \"that of God in every person\".", "Quakers __knowledge__ Some may profess the priesthood of all believers, a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter.", "Quakers __knowledge__ They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity.", "Quakers __knowledge__ There are also Nontheist Quakers whose spiritual practice is not reliant on the existence of a Christian God.", "Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal __knowledge__ This article explains the origin of Malankara Church of God, Thrikkannamangal, Kottarakkara, Kerala, India- originally known as Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha.", "Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal __knowledge__ The first \"Pentecostals\" in the modern sense appeared on the scene in 1901 in the city of Topeka Kansas in Bible school conducted by Charles Fox Parham, a holiness teacher and former Methodist Pastor.The movement began during the first day of 1901 just as the world entered the twentieth century.", "Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal __knowledge__ The first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues was Agnes Ozman, one of Parham's Bible school students.", "Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal __knowledge__ This made the Pentecostal movement of the twentieth century.", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ St. Paul's College (SPC; Traditional Chinese: 聖保羅書院) is an Anglican day school for boys in Hong Kong.", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ Established in 1851, it is the oldest continuously-operated school in Hong Kong.", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ The college opened in 1851 with one tutor and nine pupils.", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ Today, it has 1,200 pupils in the secondary section and nearly 600 pupils in the primary section.", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ St. Paul's comprises an all-boys primary school section (Primary 1–6) and secondary section (Forms 1–6).", "St. Paul's College, Hong Kong __knowledge__ The secondary school campus is situated in the Mid-levels area, part of Hong Kong Island's Western District, whilst the primary school operates in a dedicated campus at Pok Fu Lam in the Island's Southern District." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ South African contract law is ‘essentially a modernised version of the Roman-Dutch law of contract’, which is itself rooted in canon and Roman laws.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ In the broadest definition, a contract is an agreement two or more parties enter into with the serious intention of creating a legal obligation.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ Contract law provides a legal framework within which persons can transact business and exchange resources, secure in the knowledge that the law will uphold their agreements and, if necessary, enforce them.", "South African contract law __knowledge__ The law of contract underpins private enterprise in South Africa and regulates it in the interest of fair dealing.", "Jon Hol __knowledge__ Jon Gundersen Hol (1 September 1851 – 1941) was a Norwegian engineer and activist.", "Jon Hol __knowledge__ He is known for his pamphlet \"Rifleringen\", published in February 1884, that resulted in his arrest for lèse majesté.", "Jon Hol __knowledge__ In the pamphlet, he called for soldiers and civilians to arm themselves and encircle the Parliament of Norway Building, creating a \"Ring of Rifles\", should the need arise.", "Jon Hol __knowledge__ The political situation in Norway at the time was unstable, with an ongoing impeachment case against the conservative government started by political liberals.", "Jon Hol __knowledge__ King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway supported the conservative politicians, and Hol believed that a political and military counter-offensive was planned, hence the need for guarding the Parliament.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Freud first used the term \"psychoanalysis\" (in French) in 1896.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ \"Die Traumdeutung\" (\"The Interpretation of Dreams\"), which Freud saw as his \"most significant work\", appeared in November 1899.", "Psychoanalysis __knowledge__ Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, and by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ The ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics considers the quantum state description to apply only to an ensemble of similarly prepared systems, rather than supposing that it exhaustively represents an individual physical system.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ The advocates of the ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics claim that it is minimalist, making the fewest physical assumptions about the meaning of the standard mathematical formalism.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ It proposes to take to the fullest extent the statistical interpretation of Max Born, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.", "Ensemble interpretation __knowledge__ For example, a new version of the ensemble interpretation that relies on a new formulation of probability theory was introduced by Raed Shaiia, which showed that the laws of quantum mechanics are the inevitable result of this new formulation.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ \"Utility\" is defined in various ways, usually in terms of the well-being of sentient entities.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, described utility as the sum of all pleasure that results from an action, minus the suffering of anyone involved in the action.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standard of right and wrong.", "Utilitarianism __knowledge__ Unlike other forms of consequentialism, such as egoism, utilitarianism considers the interests of all beings equally.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ Founded as a railroad suburb and temperance community in 1870 in northeastern Millcreek Township in Hamilton County, Ohio, Bond Hill is currently a neighborhood of the City of Cincinnati.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ It is one of a number of neighborhoods lining the Mill Creek, an urban stream in southwestern Ohio.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ The population was 6,972 at the 2010 census.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ Bond Hill began as a commuter suburb connected to Cincinnati via the Marietta-Cincinnati Railroad.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ Bond Hill incorporated as the Village of Bond Hill in 1886 and the small village of about 1000 persons was annexed into Cincinnati in 1903.", "Bond Hill, Cincinnati __knowledge__ Many new homes were added east of the original settlement in the 1930s.", "Norman Gunston __knowledge__ Norman Gunston was a satirical TV character performed by Australian actor and comedian Garry McDonald.", "Norman Gunston __knowledge__ Norman Gunston was primarily well known in his native Australia, and to a lesser extent, the United States during the mid to late 1970s.", "Norman Gunston __knowledge__ He was the only Gold Logie winning fictional character on Australian television, with McDonald collecting the award in character.", "Norman Gunston __knowledge__ The Gunston character was originally conceived by comedy writer Wendy Skelcher and first appeared as a minor character to appear in a single sketch in the second series of the cult Australian TV comedy series \"The Aunty Jack Show\" in 1973.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Biblical apocrypha is a set of texts included in the Latin Vulgate and Septuagint but not in the Hebrew Bible.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ While Catholic tradition considers the texts to be deuterocanonical, Protestants consider them apocryphal.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Thus, Protestant bibles do not include the books within the Old Testament but have often included them in a separate section.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Other non-canonical apocryphal texts are generally called pseudepigrapha, a term that means \"false writings\".", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ The word's origin is the Medieval Latin adjective \"apocryphus\", \"secret, or non-canonical\", from the Greek adjective (\"apokryphos\"), \"obscure\", from the verb (\"apokryptein\"), \"to hide away\".", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament is the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament includes the books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) or protocanon, and in various Christian denominations also includes deuterocanonical books.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Orthodox Christians, Catholics and Protestants use different canons, which differ with respect to the texts that are included in the Old Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Martin Luther, holding to Jewish and other ancient precedent, excluded the deuterocanonical books from the Old Testament of his translation of the Bible, placing them in a section he labeled \"Apocrypha\" (\"hidden\").", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning \"belonging to the second canon\") are the books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the Hebrew Bible.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term, used since the 16th century by the Catholic Church and sometimes by Orthodox Christianity, distinguishes these texts from the protocanonical books, which are the books contained in the Hebrew canon.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The distinction arose as a result of the debate in the early Church as to which texts should be classified as canonical.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term is used as a matter of convenience by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and other Churches to refer to books of their Old Testament which are not part of the Masoretic Text.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ The New Testament apocrypha are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ Some of these writings have been cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ Thus Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches generally do not view these New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ The word \"apocrypha\" means \"things put away\" or \"things hidden,\" originating from the Medieval Latin adjective \"apocryphus\", \"secret\" or \"non-canonical,\" which in turn originated from the Greek adjective (\"apokryphos\"), \"obscure,\" from the verb (\"apokryptein\"), \"to hide away.\"", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament (, \"Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē\"; ) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible.", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity.", "New Testament __knowledge__ Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture.", "New Testament __knowledge__ The New Testament (in whole or in part) has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world.", "New Testament __knowledge__ It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality.", "New Testament __knowledge__ Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated (along with readings from the Old Testament) into the various Christian liturgies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Biblical apocrypha is a set of texts included in the Latin Vulgate and Septuagint but not in the Hebrew Bible.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ While Catholic tradition considers the texts to be deuterocanonical, Protestants consider them apocryphal.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Thus, Protestant bibles do not include the books within the Old Testament but have often included them in a separate section.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Other non-canonical apocryphal texts are generally called pseudepigrapha, a term that means \"false writings\".", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ The word's origin is the Medieval Latin adjective \"apocryphus\", \"secret, or non-canonical\", from the Greek adjective (\"apokryphos\"), \"obscure\", from the verb (\"apokryptein\"), \"to hide away\".", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning \"belonging to the second canon\") are the books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the Hebrew Bible.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term, used since the 16th century by the Catholic Church and sometimes by Orthodox Christianity, distinguishes these texts from the protocanonical books, which are the books contained in the Hebrew canon.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The distinction arose as a result of the debate in the early Church as to which texts should be classified as canonical.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term is used as a matter of convenience by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and other Churches to refer to books of their Old Testament which are not part of the Masoretic Text.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament is the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament includes the books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) or protocanon, and in various Christian denominations also includes deuterocanonical books.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Orthodox Christians, Catholics and Protestants use different canons, which differ with respect to the texts that are included in the Old Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Martin Luther, holding to Jewish and other ancient precedent, excluded the deuterocanonical books from the Old Testament of his translation of the Bible, placing them in a section he labeled \"Apocrypha\" (\"hidden\").", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ The Biblical apocrypha (from the Greek ἀπόκρυφος, \"apókruphos\", meaning \"hidden\") denotes the collection of apocryphal ancient books found in some editions of Christian Bibles in a separate section between the Old and New Testaments or as an appendix after the New Testament.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ Some Christian Churches include some or all of the same texts within the body of their version of the Old Testament.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ Although the term \"apocrypha\" had been in use since the 5th century, it was in Luther's Bible of 1534 that the Apocrypha was first published as a separate intertestamental section.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ To this date, the Apocrypha is \"included in the lectionaries of Anglican and Lutheran Churches.\"", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ A Christian biblical canon is the set of books that a particular Christian denomination or denominational family regards as being divinely inspired and thus constituting an authorised Christian Bible.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ Such bibles are always divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The Early Church primarily used the Greek Septuagint (or LXX) as its source for the Old Testament.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ Among Aramaic speakers, the Targum was also widely used.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The apostles did not leave a defined set of scriptures; instead the canon of the both the Old Testament and the New Testament developed over time.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The Catholic Encyclopedia article on the New Testament describes the process of assembling the histories and letters circulated within the early Church until the canon was approved by a series of councils seeking to ensure legitimacy as inspired scripture: In 331, Constantine I commissioned Eusebius to deliver fifty Bibles for the Church of Constantinople.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ The New Testament apocrypha are a number of writings by early Christians that give accounts of Jesus and his teachings, the nature of God, or the teachings of his apostles and of their lives.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ Some of these writings have been cited as scripture by early Christians, but since the fifth century a widespread consensus has emerged limiting the New Testament to the 27 books of the modern canon.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ Thus Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches generally do not view these New Testament apocrypha as part of the Bible.", "New Testament apocrypha __knowledge__ The word \"apocrypha\" means \"things put away\" or \"things hidden,\" originating from the Medieval Latin adjective \"apocryphus\", \"secret\" or \"non-canonical,\" which in turn originated from the Greek adjective (\"apokryphos\"), \"obscure,\" from the verb (\"apokryptein\"), \"to hide away.\"", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Freedom House __knowledge__ Freedom House is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) U.S. Government-funded non-governmental organization (NGO) that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.", "Freedom House __knowledge__ Freedom House was founded in October 1941, and Wendell Willkie and Eleanor Roosevelt served as its first honorary chairpersons.", "Freedom House __knowledge__ It describes itself as a \"clear voice for democracy and freedom around the world\", although critics have stated that the organization is biased towards US interests.", "Freedom House __knowledge__ The organization was 66% funded by grants from the U.S. government in 2006, a number which has increased to 86% in 2016.", "Freedom House __knowledge__ The organization's annual \"Freedom in the World\" report, which assesses each country's degree of political freedoms and civil liberties, is frequently cited by political scientists, journalists, and policymakers.", "Issues in anarchism __knowledge__ Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority and hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations.", "Issues in anarchism __knowledge__ Proponents of anarchism, known as \"anarchists\", advocate stateless societies based on non-hierarchical voluntary associations.", "Issues in anarchism __knowledge__ There are many philosophical differences among anarchists concerning questions of ideology, values and strategy.", "Issues in anarchism __knowledge__ Ideas about how anarchist societies should work vary considerably, especially with respect to economics.", "Issues in anarchism __knowledge__ There are also disagreements about how such a society might be brought about—with some anarchists being committed to a strategy of nonviolence, while others advocate armed struggle.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to the educational disparities between various ethnic groups.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ It manifests itself in a variety of ways: among students, blacks and Hispanics are more likely to receive lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, who similarly score lower than Asians.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ The evidence, antecedents, implications, and successes of the achievement gap are discussed below.", "Racial achievement gap in the United States __knowledge__ Over the past 45 years, students in the United States have made notable gains in academic achievement.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Bible __knowledge__ The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, \"tà biblía\", \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.", "Bible __knowledge__ Many different authors contributed to the Bible.", "Bible __knowledge__ What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.", "Bible __knowledge__ The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh.", "Bible __knowledge__ The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek.", "Bible __knowledge__ These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings.", "Bible __knowledge__ Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.", "Bible __knowledge__ Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups.", "Bible __knowledge__ Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of \"sola scriptura\", or scripture alone.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ It originated with the Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ Ever since, Protestants reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy and sacraments, but disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.", "Protestantism __knowledge__ They emphasize the priesthood of all believers, justification by faith alone (') rather than by good works, and the highest authority of the Bible alone (rather than with sacred tradition) in faith and morals (').", "History of Christian theology __knowledge__ The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by \"Trinitarians\", is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings.", "History of Christian theology __knowledge__ The most widely recognized Biblical foundations for the doctrine's formulation are in the Gospel of John.", "History of Christian theology __knowledge__ Nontrinitarianism is any of several Christian beliefs that reject the Trinitarian doctrine that God is three distinct persons in one being.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era based on the biblical account of Jesus to the present day.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.", "Persecution of Christians __knowledge__ Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.", "Methodism __knowledge__ Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley.", "Methodism __knowledge__ George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement.", "Methodism __knowledge__ It originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death.", "Methodism __knowledge__ The movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond because of vigorous missionary work, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide.", "Methodism __knowledge__ Wesley's theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Christian denomination __knowledge__ A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organisation, leadership and doctrine.", "Christian denomination __knowledge__ Individual bodies, however, may use alternative terms to describe themselves, such as church or sometimes fellowship.", "Christian denomination __knowledge__ Divisions between one group and another are defined by authority and doctrine; issues such as the nature of Jesus, the authority of apostolic succession, eschatology, and papal primacy may separate one denomination from another.", "Christian denomination __knowledge__ Groups of denominations—often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties—are sometimes known as \"branches of Christianity\".", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Biblical apocrypha is a set of texts included in the Latin Vulgate and Septuagint but not in the Hebrew Bible.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ While Catholic tradition considers the texts to be deuterocanonical, Protestants consider them apocryphal.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Thus, Protestant bibles do not include the books within the Old Testament but have often included them in a separate section.", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ Other non-canonical apocryphal texts are generally called pseudepigrapha, a term that means \"false writings\".", "Apocrypha __knowledge__ The word's origin is the Medieval Latin adjective \"apocryphus\", \"secret, or non-canonical\", from the Greek adjective (\"apokryphos\"), \"obscure\", from the verb (\"apokryptein\"), \"to hide away\".", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning \"belonging to the second canon\") are the books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the Hebrew Bible.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term, used since the 16th century by the Catholic Church and sometimes by Orthodox Christianity, distinguishes these texts from the protocanonical books, which are the books contained in the Hebrew canon.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The distinction arose as a result of the debate in the early Church as to which texts should be classified as canonical.", "Deuterocanonical books __knowledge__ The term is used as a matter of convenience by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and other Churches to refer to books of their Old Testament which are not part of the Masoretic Text.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament is the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ The Old Testament includes the books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) or protocanon, and in various Christian denominations also includes deuterocanonical books.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Orthodox Christians, Catholics and Protestants use different canons, which differ with respect to the texts that are included in the Old Testament.", "Development of the Old Testament canon __knowledge__ Martin Luther, holding to Jewish and other ancient precedent, excluded the deuterocanonical books from the Old Testament of his translation of the Bible, placing them in a section he labeled \"Apocrypha\" (\"hidden\").", "Pseudepigrapha __knowledge__ Pseudepigrapha (also anglicized as \"pseudepigraph\" or \"pseudepigraphs\") are falsely-attributed works, texts whose claimed author is not the true author, or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past.", "Pseudepigrapha __knowledge__ Pseudepigraphy covers the false ascription of names of authors to works, even to authentic works that make no such claim within their text.", "Pseudepigrapha __knowledge__ Thus a widely accepted but incorrect attribution of authorship may make a completely authentic text pseudepigraphical.", "Pseudepigrapha __knowledge__ Assessing the actual writer of a text locates questions of pseudepigraphical attribution within the discipline of literary criticism.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ The Biblical apocrypha (from the Greek ἀπόκρυφος, \"apókruphos\", meaning \"hidden\") denotes the collection of apocryphal ancient books found in some editions of Christian Bibles in a separate section between the Old and New Testaments or as an appendix after the New Testament.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ Some Christian Churches include some or all of the same texts within the body of their version of the Old Testament.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ Although the term \"apocrypha\" had been in use since the 5th century, it was in Luther's Bible of 1534 that the Apocrypha was first published as a separate intertestamental section.", "Biblical apocrypha __knowledge__ To this date, the Apocrypha is \"included in the lectionaries of Anglican and Lutheran Churches.\"", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ A Christian biblical canon is the set of books that a particular Christian denomination or denominational family regards as being divinely inspired and thus constituting an authorised Christian Bible.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ Such bibles are always divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The Early Church primarily used the Greek Septuagint (or LXX) as its source for the Old Testament.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ Among Aramaic speakers, the Targum was also widely used.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The apostles did not leave a defined set of scriptures; instead the canon of the both the Old Testament and the New Testament developed over time.", "Christian biblical canons __knowledge__ The Catholic Encyclopedia article on the New Testament describes the process of assembling the histories and letters circulated within the early Church until the canon was approved by a series of councils seeking to ensure legitimacy as inspired scripture: In 331, Constantine I commissioned Eusebius to deliver fifty Bibles for the Church of Constantinople." ] ]	[ 1, 7, 7, 12, 16 ]	[ "i sure do! I read Bible every day! I'm a Christian", "you know, among Christians, there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha", "they disagree on a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect", "i'm a protestant so i do consider them apocryphal but catholics conseder the texts to be deuterocanonical", "what demonitation do you belong to? Protestantism is the second largest form of christianity" ]	[ "Bible", "Bible", "Bible", "Bible", "Bible" ]
[ "New York City\nHave you ever been to New York City?", "Yes, I think I would be overwhelmed if I was to go. I am not use to all the people and lights!", "I would think you would need a certain personality to live in a city like that", "I would consider visiting but I think I would be nervous and lost even with that. LOL", "Yes, that is amazing. I would like to see the statue of liberty and ellis Island" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City's demographics show that it is a large and ethnically diverse metropolis.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ It is the largest city in the United States with a long history of international immigration.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ New York City was home to nearly 8.5 million people in 2014, accounting for over 40% of the population of New York State and a slightly lower percentage of the New York metropolitan area, home to approximately 23.6 million.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ Over the last decade the city has been growing faster than the region.", "Demographics of New York City __knowledge__ The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ The National Institute for Latino Policy (NiLP) was established in 1982 as the Institute for Puerto Rican Policy (IPR) in New York City, United States as a non-profit and nonpartisan policy center focusing on critical Latino policy issues.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ Between 1999 and 2005, the Institute entered into a strategic alliance with the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (PRLDEF) (currently called Latino-Justice PRLDEF) during which it functioned as the Fund’s policy research arm.", "National Institute for Latino Policy __knowledge__ In November 2005, the Institute returned to its independent status and changed its name to the National Institute for Latino Policy.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The culture of New York City is reflected in its size and ethnic diversity.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Many American cultural movements first emerged in the city.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American renaissance in the United States.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ Large numbers of Italian Americans and Jews emigrated to New York throughout the twentieth century, significantly influencing the culture and image of New York City.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ American modern dance developed in New York in the early 20th century.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The city was the top venue for jazz in the 1940s, expressionism in the 1950s and home to hip hop, punk rock, and the Beat Generation.", "Culture of New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York is an important center for music, film, theater, dance and visual art." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011 __knowledge__ The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The Texarkana Moonlight Murders, a term coined by the news media, references the unsolved murders committed in and around Texarkana in the spring of 1946 by an unidentified serial killer known as the \"Phantom Killer\", or \"Phantom Slayer\".", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The killer is credited with attacking eight people within ten weeks, five of whom were killed.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The attacks happened on weekends between February 22, 1946 and May 3, 1946.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first two victims, Jimmy Hollis and Mary Larey, survived.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The first double murder, which involved Richard Griffin and Polly Ann Moore, happened four weeks later.", "Texarkana Moonlight Murders __knowledge__ The second double-homicide, involving Paul Martin and Betty Jo Booker, occurred exactly three weeks from the first murders.", "Manila __knowledge__ Manila (; , or , ), officially the City of Manila ( , ), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.", "Manila __knowledge__ It was the first chartered City by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No.", "Manila __knowledge__ 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949.", "Manila __knowledge__ It is home to many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and light rail transit system (1984; also considered as the first LRT system in Southeast Asia).", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Illinois __knowledge__ Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.", "Illinois __knowledge__ It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country.", "Illinois __knowledge__ With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub.", "Illinois __knowledge__ The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway.", "Harrisburg, Illinois __knowledge__ Harrisburg ( or ) is a city in and the county seat of Saline County, Illinois, United States.", "Harrisburg, Illinois __knowledge__ It is located about 57 miles (92 km) southwest of Evansville, Indiana and 111 miles (179 km) southeast of St. Louis, Missouri.", "Harrisburg, Illinois __knowledge__ The 2010 population was 9,017, and the surrounding Harrisburg Township had a population of 10,790, including the city residents.", "Harrisburg, Illinois __knowledge__ Harrisburg is included in the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky Tri-State Area and is the principal city in the Harrisburg Micropolitan Statistical Area with a combined population of 24,913.", "Harrisburg, Illinois __knowledge__ Located at the concurrency of U.S. Route 45, Illinois Route 13, Illinois Route 145, and Illinois Route 34, Harrisburg is known as the \"Gateway to the Shawnee National Forest\", and is also known for the Ohio River flood of 1937, the old Crenshaw House (also known as the Old Slave House), the Tuttle Bottoms Monster, prohibition-era gangster Charlie Birger, and the 2012 EF4 tornado.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Belleville, Illinois __knowledge__ Belleville (French: \"Belle ville\", meaning \"Beautiful city\") is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, coterminous with the now defunct Belleville Township.", "Belleville, Illinois __knowledge__ The population was 42,034 according to the Census Bureau's 2015 estimates.", "Belleville, Illinois __knowledge__ It is the eighth-most populated city outside the Chicago Metropolitan Area and the most populated city south of Springfield in the state of Illinois.", "Belleville, Illinois __knowledge__ It is the county seat of St. Clair County, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows.", "Belleville, Illinois __knowledge__ Belleville is the most populated city in the Metro-East region of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area and in Southern Illinois." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Team diversity __knowledge__ Team diversity refers to the differences between individual members of a team that can exist on various dimensions like age, nationality, religious background, functional background or task skills, sexual orientation, and political preferences, among others.", "Team diversity __knowledge__ Different types of diversity include demographic, personality and functional diversity (see Team composition), and can have positive as well as negative effects on team outcomes.", "Team diversity __knowledge__ Diversity can impact performance, team member satisfaction or the innovative capacity of a team.", "Team diversity __knowledge__ According to the Input-Process-Output Model, team diversity is considered an input factor that has effects on the \"processes\" as well as on the \"team outputs\" of team work.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The psychology of art is an interdisciplinary field that studies the perception, cognition and characteristics of art and its production.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ For the use of art materials as a form of psychotherapy, see art therapy.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The psychology of art is related to architectural psychology and environmental psychology.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ The work of Theodor Lipps, a Munich-based research psychologist, played an important role in the early development of the concept of \"art psychology\" in the early decade of the twentieth century.", "Psychology of art __knowledge__ His most important contribution in this respect was his attempt to theorize the question of Einfuehlung or \"empathy\", a term that was to become a key element in many subsequent theories of \"art psychology\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.", "Anxiety __knowledge__ Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.", "Abusive power and control __knowledge__ Abusive power and control (also controlling behaviour and coercive control) is the way that an abusive person gains and maintains power and control over another person, as a victim, in order to subject that person to psychological, physical, sexual, or financial abuse.", "Abusive power and control __knowledge__ The motivations of the abusive person are varied, such as personal gain, personal gratification, psychological projection, devaluation, envy or just for the sake of it as the abuser may simply enjoy exercising power and control.", "Abusive power and control __knowledge__ Controlling abusers use tactics to exert power and control over their victims.", "Abusive power and control __knowledge__ The tactics themselves are psychologically and sometimes physically abusive.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital SGPS, SA, is a Portuguese media corporation founded in 1988 (originally named SOCI - Sociedade de Comunicação Independente, founded by Luís Nobre Guedes), based in Oeiras, Lisbon.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital is a major media group in Portugal, and is one of the biggest media corporations in Europe.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital distributes 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer home video releases in the Portuguese market under the Castello Lopes label.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Since July 2017, Altice (company) is the principal owner of Media Capital.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital operates in several areas of media and advertising.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Here is a list of the companies owned by Media Capital.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ Televisão Independente (TVI) (\"Independent Television\") is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ It has been leading audience ratings since 2005.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ It competes directly with SIC and RTP1.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ TVI was the second private Portuguese TV channel to be launched, SIC having been launched five months before, and the fourth channel in all.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ Already under the name TVI, but marketed as 4, in which the '4' was the sole element in its logo, TVI was initially owned by some prominent Catholic Church institutions, including Rádio Renascença, RFM, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Editorial Verbo and União das Misericórdias; Antena 3 Televisión (which consisted of La Vanguardia, ABC-Prensa Española, Manuel Martín Ferrand (4,3%), Rafael and Manuel Jiménez de Parga, Europa Press and Grupo Zeta), Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion, (CLR, under Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, now RTL Group), Sonae, SBS Broadcasting Group, ITV contractor Yorkshire Television and many other media enterprises were minor stakeholders of TVI.", "China Media Capital __knowledge__ China Media Capital is a public equity and venture capital firm specializing in growth capital, mid venture, late venture, emerging growth, corporate restructuring, management buyouts, and mergers & acquisitions.", "China Media Capital __knowledge__ The firm prefers to invest in the cultural, technology, media, entertainment, consumer, medical treatment, and telecommunication sectors.", "China Media Capital __knowledge__ It prefers to invest both inside and outside China.", "China Media Capital __knowledge__ China Media Capital was founded in 2009 and is based in Shanghai, China, with an additional office in Beijing.", "China Media Capital __knowledge__ CMC has shares in the City Football Group and Formula E team Techeetah.", "Star China Media __knowledge__ Star China Media, sometimes styled as STAR (an initialism for Satellite Television Asia Region), is an Asian television service owned by China Media Capital.", "Star China Media __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Hong Kong, with regional offices in mainland China, Taiwan and India.", "Star China Media __knowledge__ According to the Star website, their service has more than 300 million viewers in 53 countries and is watched by approximately 120 million viewers every day.", "Star China Media __knowledge__ Star TV was originally known as Star TV Network (Chinese: 衛星電視有限公司 (衛星電視)) and was incorporated on 24 February 1988 as a consortium of Hutchison Whampoa, China International Trust and Investment Corporation and Cable & Wireless Worldwide, with joint venture of Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company Limited.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Burbank, California __knowledge__ Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States, northwest of downtown Los Angeles.", "Burbank, California __knowledge__ The population at the 2010 census was 103,340.", "Burbank, California __knowledge__ Billed as the \"Media Capital of the World\" and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood, numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank, including The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, The Burbank Studios, Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network, and Insomniac Games.", "Burbank, California __knowledge__ The city is also home to Hollywood Burbank Airport, previously known as Bob Hope Airport." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series \"This Is England '86\", set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Set during Christmas 1988, Lol is haunted by the devastating events that took place two and a half years before.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ She and Woody both find themselves struggling to cope with their lives without each other after he leaves the gang.", "This Is England '88 __knowledge__ Lol is carrying the burden of her guilt, whilst Woody is trying to build a domestic life with a new girlfriend and a potential promotion at work.", "LOL (video game) __knowledge__ LOL, known in Europe as Bakushow and in Japan as , is a Nintendo DS video game.", "LOL (video game) __knowledge__ The game was published by Skip Ltd. in Japan, Agetec in North America, and Rising Star Games in Europe.", "LOL (video game) __knowledge__ Developed by a group of five people headed by Kenichi Nishi, \"LOL\" is a multiplayer game implemented with a PictoChat-like interface in which a host player asks a question, requiring others to write or draw their answers on the DS touchscreen.", "LOL (video game) __knowledge__ The developers refer to \"LOL\" as a \"comedy-training\" game with the tagline of the game being \"If you think this game is boring, you are boring.\"", "LOL (video game) __knowledge__ \"LOL\" received largely mixed reviews by critics upon its release.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Dr. Sarah Marjorie Potts is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", who was portrayed by Amanda Billing from her first appearance in September 2004 until the character's on-screen death in August 2014.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Arriving as a love interest for established character, Craig (Renato Bartolomei), Sarah became the centre of a high-profile storyline when it was revealed her young brother Daniel (Jarred Blakiston) was in fact her illegitimate son.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Sarah and Craig's romance carried on for four years and climaxed in what has been described as \"\"Shortland Street's\" steamiest ever scene.\"", "Xfire __knowledge__ Xfire (pronounced \"X-Fire\") was a proprietary freeware instant messaging service for gamers that also served as a game server browser with various other features.", "Xfire __knowledge__ It was available for Microsoft Windows.", "Xfire __knowledge__ Xfire was originally developed by Ultimate Arena based in Menlo Park, California.", "Xfire __knowledge__ As of January 3, 2014, it had over 24 million registered users.", "Xfire __knowledge__ Xfire's Livestream (formerly known as \"Mogulus\") allowed users to broadcast live video streams of their current game to an audience.", "Xfire __knowledge__ The Xfire website also maintained a \"Top Ten\" games list, ranking games by the number of hours Xfire users spend playing each game every day.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Terese Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Rebekah Elmaloglou.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ The actress was cast in the role after attending an audition in late 2012.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Before she began filming her first scenes in early February 2013, Elmaloglou had to ask the producers to change the pronunciation of her character's name.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ Elmaloglou's character and her family were created and introduced to \"Neighbours\", as part of an ongoing overhaul of the show's cast and renewed focus on family units within the show.", "Terese Willis __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 14 May 2013.", "A Darker Domain __knowledge__ A Darker Domain is a 2008 psychological thriller novel by Scottish crime writer Val McDermid.", "A Darker Domain __knowledge__ Reviewers often noted the fast paced style of the novel as it flashes back and forth between two plot lines, a contemporary crime in 2007 and the investigation of a cold case from 1984.", "A Darker Domain __knowledge__ The novel is set in during the UK miners strike of 1984–1985 in Fife.", "A Darker Domain __knowledge__ Her accounts of the strike are particularly pointed, exploring the effects of the strikes on the emotions of the people involved and their community.", "A Darker Domain __knowledge__ McDermid was raised in Fife, and one reviewer credits her accurate review of the strikes to her experiences earlier in her life.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ Film editor Zach Staenberg states \"what makes a movie is the editing\".", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ It was not until the invention of editing that film and cinema was allowed to take off.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ Film is the product of editing, so it is not something that goes unnoticed.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ Editing has gone through different stages and has now reached a technique called post-classical editing.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ It is a style of editing characterized by shorter shot lengths, faster cuts between shots, and containing more jump shots and close-ups than classical editing characteristic of films prior to the 1960s.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ Prior to \"post-classical editing\" came classical editing.", "Post-classical editing __knowledge__ The first filmmakers merely filmed anything of interest or anything that amused them, continuing the shot until they got tired of it, or the film ran out.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ Robin Mitchell (born 27 May 1963) is a Scottish writer and producer.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ Mitchell was born on 27 May 1963 in the village of Letham, Fife, Scotland.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ He attended Parkhill Primary School in Leven and Buckhaven High School.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ At Edinburgh Napier University, he studied a Higher Diploma in Hotel Catering and Institutional Management (1980–1983).", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ In 1986, he passed the Scottish Tourist Guides Association (STGA) course at the University of Edinburgh.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ Mitchell co-founded Edinburgh's Cadies & Witchery Tours (with Colin Macphail) in 1984 and the film production company Cadies Productions Ltd in 2004.", "Robin Mitchell __knowledge__ The name 'Cadies' was taken from the 18th-century Edinburgh 'Caddies'." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ Ellis Island was opened January 1, 1892.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ The island was greatly expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ Before that, the much smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later a naval magazine.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ The island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965 and has hosted a museum of immigration since 1990.", "Ellis Island __knowledge__ It was long considered part of New York, but a 1998 United States Supreme Court decision found that most of the island is in New Jersey.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess.", "Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S.", "Liberty Island __knowledge__ Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty.", "Liberty Island __knowledge__ The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey.", "Liberty Island __knowledge__ Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956.", "Liberty Island __knowledge__ In 1937, by Presidential Proclamation 2250 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and in 1966, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island.", "Statue of Liberty National Monument __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States National Monument located in the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York comprising Liberty Island and Ellis Island.", "Statue of Liberty National Monument __knowledge__ It includes \"Liberty Enlightening the World\", commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, situated on Liberty Island, and the former immigration station at Ellis Island which opened in 1892 and closed in 1954.", "Statue of Liberty National Monument __knowledge__ The monument is managed by the National Park Service as part of the National Parks of New York Harbor office.", "Statue of Liberty National Monument __knowledge__ President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a national monument in 1924.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty spanned from 1984 to 1986.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ The Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\" by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi) is a colossal monument on Liberty Island in New York Harbor and is a part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ Much of the restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, owing largely to the fact that metallurgical repair work on such a scale had never been attempted before.", "Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty __knowledge__ Many professional scientists and engineers, government organizations and various consultants were called in to evaluate and deal with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ Save Ellis Island founded in 1999, is a 501(c)3 organization and partner of the National Park Service for the rehabilitation of the 29 mostly unrestored buildings on the south side of Ellis Island.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ These buildings comprise the once state-of-the-art Ellis Island Hospital Complex.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ Ellis Island is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ It was one of the primary immigration centers used in America starting at its opening in 1892.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954, reaching a peak of 1.25 million in 1907.", "Save Ellis Island __knowledge__ They came from everywhere to escape religious and political persecution and war.", "Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital __knowledge__ The Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, also known as USPHS Hospital #43, was the United States’ first public health hospital, opened in 1902 and operating as a hospital until 1930.", "Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital __knowledge__ Constructed in phases, the facility encompassed both a general hospital and a separate pavilion style contagious disease hospital.", "Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital __knowledge__ The hospital served as a detention facility for new immigrants who were deemed unfit to enter the United States after their arrival; immigrants would either be released from the hospital to go on to a new life in America or sent back to their home countries.", "Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital __knowledge__ The hospital was one of the largest public health hospitals in United States history and is still viewed today as an extraordinary endeavor in the public health field.", "Language __knowledge__ Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.", "Language __knowledge__ The scientific study of language is called linguistics.", "Language __knowledge__ Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated at least since Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greece.", "Language __knowledge__ Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ Many languages are used, or historically have been used, in the United States.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ Over 500 languages are spoken by the U.S. population.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ The state government of Louisiana offers services and documents in French, as does New Mexico in Spanish.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region.", "Languages of the United States __knowledge__ Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Today, around 800 million people are native speakers worldwide, mainly in Europe, Africa and the Americas, but also elsewhere.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ Additionally, the major Romance languages have many non-native speakers and are in widespread use as lingua francas.", "Romance languages __knowledge__ This is especially the case for French, which is in widespread use throughout Central and West Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Maghreb.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Urheimat (; ; from a German compound of \"ur-\" \"original\" and \"Heimat\" \"home, homeland\") is a term in historical linguistics, which denotes the area where the proto-language of a language family was spoken.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ A proto-language, reconstructed or known, is a parent language of a group of genetically related languages.", "Urheimat __knowledge__ Depending on the age of the language family under consideration, its homeland may be known with near-certainty (in the case of historical or near-historical migrations) or it may be very uncertain (in the case of deep prehistory).", "Urheimat __knowledge__ The reconstruction of a prehistorical homeland makes use of a variety of disciplines, including archaeology and archaeogenetics.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Arabic __knowledge__ Arabic (, ' or ' or ) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the \"lingua franca\" of the Arab world.", "Arabic __knowledge__ It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula.", "Arabic __knowledge__ The modern written language (Modern Standard Arabic) is derived from Classical Arabic.", "Arabic __knowledge__ It is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media.", "Arabic __knowledge__ The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (\"fuṣḥā\"), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam.", "English language __knowledge__ English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the third most widespread native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish, as well as the most widely spoken Germanic language.", "English language __knowledge__ What is arguably the most striking characteristic of present-day English is that it is spoken by many more non-native speakers than native speakers, which is called \"lingua franca\" uses.", "English language __knowledge__ This use of English as a Lingua Franca, which is a coincidental and unintentional result of English-speaking colonial spread, sets English apart from any other Western European language." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 5, 9, 17 ]	[ "No, I heard it is the most populated city in the U.S. and that sounds like tons of people.", "It is the cultural, financial and media capital of the world, lot's going on there!", "I would think so! It is very fast paced. ", "The history of the city is a reason to go what with immigration and so many languages are spoken there!", "They Statue of Liberty is such a unique gift from France." ]	[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]
[ "NASCAR", "I really dont know much about nascar. How long has it been around?", "That is a long time ago. Can you tell me about what type of track they race on?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American family-owned and operated business venture that sanctions and governs multiple auto-racing sports events.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Bill France Sr. founded the company in 1948 and his grandson Brian France became its CEO in 2003.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR is motorsport's preeminent stock-car racing organization.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The three largest racing-series sanctioned by this company are the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The company also oversees NASCAR Local Racing, the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series, and the NASCAR iRacing.com Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 39 of the 50 US states as well as in Canada.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has presented races at the Suzuka and Motegi circuits in Japan, the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico, and the Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has its official headquarters in Daytona Beach, Florida, and also maintains offices in the North Carolina cities of Charlotte, Concord, and Conover.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Regional offices are located in New York City and Los Angeles, with international offices in Mexico City and Toronto." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American family-owned and operated business venture that sanctions and governs multiple auto-racing sports events.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Bill France Sr. founded the company in 1948 and his grandson Brian France became its CEO in 2003.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR is motorsport's preeminent stock-car racing organization.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The three largest racing-series sanctioned by this company are the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The company also oversees NASCAR Local Racing, the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series, and the NASCAR iRacing.com Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 39 of the 50 US states as well as in Canada.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has presented races at the Suzuka and Motegi circuits in Japan, the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico, and the Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has its official headquarters in Daytona Beach, Florida, and also maintains offices in the North Carolina cities of Charlotte, Concord, and Conover.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Regional offices are located in New York City and Los Angeles, with international offices in Mexico City and Toronto.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Darrell Lee Waltrip (born February 5, 1947) is an American motorsports analyst, author, national television broadcaster, and former racing driver.", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ He is also a three-time NASCAR Cup Series champion (1981, 1982, 1985) and a three-time NASCAR Cup Series runner-up (1979, 1983, 1986).", "Darrell Waltrip __knowledge__ Posting a modern NASCAR series record of 22 top five finishes in 1983 and 21 top five finishes both in 1981 and 1986, Waltrip won 84 NASCAR Cup Series races, including the 1989 Daytona 500, a record five in the Coca-Cola 600 (formerly the World 600) (1978, 1979, 1985, 1988, 1989), and a track and Series record for any driver at Bristol Motor Speedway with 12 (seven consecutive from 1981 to 1984).", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ Kurt Thomas Busch (born August 4, 1978) is an American professional stock car racing driver.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ He currently drives the No.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ 41 Ford Fusion for Stewart-Haas Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ He was the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series champion.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ He is the older brother of 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Kyle Busch.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ The brothers are second-generation racing drivers; their father, Tom, won several NASCAR-sanctioned events.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ Busch has also driven for Furniture Row Racing, Phoenix Racing, Penske Racing, and Roush Racing in his Sprint Cup career, which began in 2000.", "Kurt Busch __knowledge__ The winner of twenty-nine Cup career races, Busch was driving for Roush Racing when he won the 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series championship.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series was the 66th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 43rd modern-era Cup season.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season began at Daytona International Speedway, with the Sprint Unlimited, followed by the Daytona 500.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ This season was the final year of broadcasting for both the ESPN family of networks and Turner Sports.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ ESPN had covered the second half of the Sprint Cup season since 2007 while Turner Sports ended a thirty-one year relationship with NASCAR on TBS and later TNT.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ For 2015, their portions of the season were divided between Fox Sports and NBC.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Criticism of NASCAR __knowledge__ The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is the sanctioning body for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series.", "Criticism of NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR also oversees a number of regional racing series, including the Whelen Modified Tour, and the Whelen All-American Series.", "Criticism of NASCAR __knowledge__ In its role, NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 39 states, Canada, Mexico, and Europe.", "Criticism of NASCAR __knowledge__ Similar to other professional leagues and sanctioning bodies, NASCAR has been the target of criticism on various topics, from various sources.", "Criticism of NASCAR __knowledge__ Some critics note the significant differences between today's NASCAR vehicles and true \"stock cars\".", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ The 2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race held on November 1, 2015, at Martinsville Speedway in Ridgeway, Virginia.", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 500 laps on the .526 mile (.847 km) short track, it was the 33rd race of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, seventh race of the Chase and first race of the Eliminator Round.", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ Jeff Gordon won the race, his first of the season.", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ Jamie McMurray finished second.", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ Denny Hamlin, Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and Kyle Busch rounded out the top-five.", "2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500 __knowledge__ Joey Logano won the pole for the race and led a race high of 207 laps before being taken out by Matt Kenseth late in the race and finished 37th.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Stock car racing is a form of automobile racing found mainly and most prominently in the United States and Canada, with Australia, New Zealand and Brazil also having forms of stock car auto racing.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Traditionally, races are run on oval tracks measuring approximately .", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ The world's largest governing body for stock car racing is the American NASCAR, and its Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series is the premier top level series of professional stock car racing.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Top level races typically range between in length.", "Stock car racing __knowledge__ Top level stock cars reach speeds in excess of at speedway tracks and on superspeedway tracks such as Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway.", "Auto racing __knowledge__ Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.", "Auto racing __knowledge__ Almost as soon as automobiles had been invented, races of various sorts were organised, with the first recorded as early as 1867.", "Auto racing __knowledge__ Many of the earliest events were effectively reliability trials, aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport, but soon became an important way for competing makers to demonstrate their machines.", "Auto racing __knowledge__ By the 1930s specialist racing cars had developed.", "Auto racing __knowledge__ There are now numerous different categories, each with different rules and regulations.", "Wood Brothers Racing __knowledge__ Wood Brothers Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.", "Wood Brothers Racing __knowledge__ The team was formed in 1950 by Glen and Leonard Wood, hence the \"Wood Brothers\".", "Wood Brothers Racing __knowledge__ The Wood Brothers merged with Tad and Jodi Geschickter's JTG Racing in 2006 to increase their competitiveness and bring about sponsorship but separated for the 2008 season.", "Wood Brothers Racing __knowledge__ The Wood Brothers Racing Team holds the unique distinction of being the oldest active team in NASCAR, having fielded cars since 1950.", "Wood Brothers Racing __knowledge__ They are known for their long relationship with Ford Motor Company, and the long-standing use of number 21 on their main car.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ Sports car racing is a form of circuit auto racing with sports cars that have two seats and enclosed wheels.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ They may be purpose-built (Prototype) or related to road-going models (Grand Touring).", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ A type of hybrid between the purism of open-wheelers and the familiarity of touring car racing, this style is often associated with the annual Le Mans 24 Hours endurance race.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ First run in 1923, Le Mans is one of the oldest motor races still in existence.", "Sports car racing __knowledge__ Other classic but now defunct sports car races include the Italian classics, the Targa Florio (1906–1977) and Mille Miglia (1927–1957), and the Mexican Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954).", "International Motor Sports Association __knowledge__ The International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) is a North American various auto racing sanctioning body based in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States of America.", "International Motor Sports Association __knowledge__ It was started by John Bishop, a former executive director of SCCA (Sports Car Club of America), and his wife Peggy in 1969 with help from Bill France, Sr. of NASCAR.", "International Motor Sports Association __knowledge__ Beginning in 2014, IMSA is the sanctioning body of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the premier series resulting from the merger of Grand-Am Road Racing and the American Le Mans Series presented by Tequila Patrón.", "International Motor Sports Association __knowledge__ John Bishop, a Sikorsky employee, first became involved in motorsport in the 1950s when he met Dave Allen, a Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) staff member." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American family-owned and operated business venture that sanctions and governs multiple auto-racing sports events.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Bill France Sr. founded the company in 1948 and his grandson Brian France became its CEO in 2003.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR is motorsport's preeminent stock-car racing organization.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The three largest racing-series sanctioned by this company are the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ The company also oversees NASCAR Local Racing, the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series, and the NASCAR iRacing.com Series.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 39 of the 50 US states as well as in Canada.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has presented races at the Suzuka and Motegi circuits in Japan, the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico, and the Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ NASCAR has its official headquarters in Daytona Beach, Florida, and also maintains offices in the North Carolina cities of Charlotte, Concord, and Conover.", "NASCAR __knowledge__ Regional offices are located in New York City and Los Angeles, with international offices in Mexico City and Toronto.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago 2 (; literally \"Our Story 2\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the second of a two-part series and the sequel to \"Long Long Time Ago\".", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Continuing from \"Long Long Time Ago\", Zhao Di takes over her family farm with the help of Ah Long after the 1969 floods.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ After the government started reclaiming land for development in 1977, licensed owners like Zhao Di are compensated but her brother accuses her of having an affair with Ah Long to get the money for himself.", "Long Long Time Ago 2 __knowledge__ Osman does not approve his son playing in a rock band as he fears the negative influence, causing his son to run away from home.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Long Long Time Ago (; literally \"Our Story\") is a 2016 Singaporean period film directed by Jack Neo, the first of a two-part series.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The film commemorates Singapore's 50th birthday and stars Aileen Tan, Mark Lee and Wang Lei as the main casts.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ The story spans from 1965 to the early 1970s.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ Heavily pregnant Zhao Di, the unwanted second wife of an older man, was chased out by her husband's family and forced to return to her own family.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ She eventually gave birth to twins, Shun Fatt and Su-Fang.", "Long Long Time Ago __knowledge__ As Su-Fang had two moles on her face, which was said to be bad luck, Zhao Di decided to give her up due to the pressure of wanting to build a better life for the rest of her family.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ American stock car racing driver Jeff Gordon enjoyed a successful career in the Cup Series, the top category of NASCAR.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ Gordon spent his entire driving career with Hendrick Motorsports, making 797 starts between 1992 and 2015 in the No.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ 24 Chevrolet for 24 seasons.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ He briefly returned during the 2016 season by competing in HMS' No.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ 88 Chevrolet for eight races, giving him a career total 805 starts.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ Gordon's career achievements include four championships (1995, 1997, 1998, and 2001), 93 points-paying victories (including three Daytona 500s and five Brickyard 400s), and 81 poles.", "NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon __knowledge__ In 1992, Roush Racing owner Jack Roush expressed interest in signing Gordon, which would keep him in the Ford Racing stable, but Gordon's stepfather John Bickford had wanted Ray Evernham as crew chief, but Roush stated he selected crew chiefs, not his drivers.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ William Clifton \"Bill\" France (April 4, 1933 – June 4, 2007), nicknamed, \"Bill France Jr.\" or \"Little Billy\", was an American motorsports executive who served from 1972 to 2000 as the chief executive officer (CEO) of NASCAR, the sanctioning body of the US-based stock car racing.", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ He succeeded his father, NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. as its CEO.", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ His son, Brian France, has been CEO since 2003.", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ France was born in Washington, D.C., to Anne Bledsoe and William Henry Getty France.", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ His family moved to Daytona Beach, Florida in 1935 to escape the Great Depression.", "Bill France Jr. __knowledge__ He attended Seabreeze High School before attending the University of Florida.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ William Henry Getty \"Bill\" France (September 26, 1909 – June 7, 1992), also known as Bill France Sr. or Big Bill, was an American racing driver.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ He is best known for co-founding and managing NASCAR, a sanctioning body of US-based stock car racing.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ France was born in Washington, D. C., the son of Emma Graham, an immigrant from Ireland, and William Henry France.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ France skipped school as a teenager to make laps in the family Model T Ford at the high-banked board track near Laurel, Maryland.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ He ran laps until there was just enough time to beat his father home.", "Bill France Sr. __knowledge__ France worked at several jobs before owning and operating his own service station.", "Coke Zero 400 __knowledge__ The Coke Zero 400 powered by Coca-Cola is an annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race at Daytona International Speedway.", "Coke Zero 400 __knowledge__ First held in 1959, the event consists of 160 laps, , and is the second of two major stock car events held at Daytona on the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series circuit, the other being the Daytona 500.", "Coke Zero 400 __knowledge__ Since its inception, it has been traditionally held on or around United States' Independence Day.", "Coke Zero 400 __knowledge__ Since 1988, the race has been scheduled for the first Saturday of July closest to July 4.", "Coke Zero 400 __knowledge__ In 1998, it became the first restrictor plate and Daytona race to be held at night.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ The Daytona 100 was a USAC Championship Car race held at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida on Saturday April 4, 1959.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ It was the first and only Indy car race held on the high banks of Daytona, and saw incredible speeds turned in by the front-engined \"roadsters.\"", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ The race was part of a triple-header weekend featuring races for the USAC Championship Cars, Formula Libre, and a USAC-FIA sports car endurance race.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ Both the Champ Car and Formula Libre races were won by Jim Rathmann.", "USAC Daytona 100 __knowledge__ However, the weekend was marred by the tragic death of George Amick, who was killed in a crash on the final lap of the Champ Car race.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ The 1961 Daytona 500, was a NASCAR Grand National Series (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) event that was held on February 26, 1961, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ Marvin Panch won the race in year old 1960 Pontiac built and owned by Smokey Yunick after taking the lead on lap 187.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ Panch was not originally scheduled to drive, and was only added to Yunick's team after Fireball Roberts suggested adding him.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ Panch drove the number 20 to victory in three hours and 20 minutes.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ The race was run in its entirety without a single caution flag.", "1961 Daytona 500 __knowledge__ Panch took the lead with 13 laps remaining when race leader Fireball Roberts' car suffered a blown engine.", "Bowman Gray Stadium __knowledge__ Bowman Gray Stadium is a NASCAR sanctioned asphalt flat oval short track and longstanding football stadium located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.", "Bowman Gray Stadium __knowledge__ It is one of stock car racing's most legendary venues, and is referred to as \"NASCAR's longest-running weekly race track\".", "Bowman Gray Stadium __knowledge__ Bowman Gray Stadium is part of the Winston-Salem Sports and Entertainment Complex and is home of the Winston-Salem State University Rams football team.", "Bowman Gray Stadium __knowledge__ It was also the home of the Wake Forest University football team from 1956 until Groves Stadium (later BB&T Field) opened in 1968.", "Bowman Gray Stadium __knowledge__ Bowman Gray Stadium was a popular venue for high school football in the 1970s and 1980s." ] ]	[ 3, 2, 8 ]	[ "do you like nascar? it is a stock-car racing sport", "it was founded by bill france sr in 1948", "they are headquartered in daytona beach, but have tracks in several places like north carolina, concord, florida and conover" ]	[ "NASCAR", "NASCAR", "NASCAR" ]
[ "Lollipop\nI love lollipops. They make you feel like a kid when you eat them.", "charms with the gum inside what about yours?", "those are cool. When I see lolilipops I think of Shirley Temple the actress when she was little .", "Yes, it also reminds me of the Willie Wonka movies. I wish I could live in that candy shop" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lollipop __knowledge__ A lollipop is a type of confectionery consisting of a sweetmeat of hard candy or water-ice mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly, sucker, sticky-pop, etc.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in a number of colors and flavors, particularly fruit flavors.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ With numerous companies producing lollipops, the candy now comes in dozens of flavors and many different shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ They range from small ones which can be bought by the hundred and are often given away for free at banks, barbershops, and other locations, to very large ones made out of candy canes twisted into a circle.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Most lollipops are eaten at room temperature, but \"ice lollipops\" or \"ice lollies\" are frozen water-based lollipops.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Similar confections on a stick made of ice cream, often with a flavored coating, are usually not called by this name.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or soft candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some novelty lollipops have more unusual items, such as mealworm larvae, embedded in the candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Other novelty lollipops have non-edible centers, such a flashing light, embedded within the candy; there is also a trend of lollipops with sticks attached to a motorized device that makes the entire lollipop spin around in one's mouth.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, activist and actor.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ In a career spanning over 20 years, Kid Rock's music has encompassed rock, hip hop and country.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ A self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his backing band, Kid Rock has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums that he released with his band, Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\" in 1990 on the major record label Jive; his subsequent independent releases \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\" saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album \"Devil Without a Cause\"; this and his subsequent album \"Cocky\" were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ Strange Clouds is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, released on May 1, 2012, under Grand Hustle Records, Rebel Rock Entertainment, and Atlantic Records.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ The album features guest appearances from Morgan Freeman, Taylor Swift, Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, T.I., Nicki Minaj, Ryan Tedder, Lauriana Mae, Playboy Tre, Trey Songz, Nelly and Roscoe Dash while the production was handled by Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Ryan Tedder, Lil' C, Mynority, Stargate, Frequency, Mike WiLL Made It, P-Nasty, Super Water Sympathy, Kutta, Billboard, Jamieson Jones, Jim Jonsin and B.o.B himself.", "Strange Clouds (album) __knowledge__ B.o.B first spoke of the album, back in May 2011 in an interview with MTV.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Dirty Work is the fourth studio album by American rock band All Time Low.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Following the success of \"Nothing Personal\" in mid-2009, the band signed to major label Interscope Records in November of that year.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ During the next month, the band began writing for their \"Dirty Work\" and ended up demoing 20 songs.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ After spending sometime writing material in Los Angeles, the band started recording their fourth album with Mike Green in March 2010.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Over the following months the band recorded songs with John Fields, Butch Walker, Matt Squire, David Kahne and U4L.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ In between sessions, the band embarked on the Bamboozle Roadshow tour.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, \"Come On Over\" (1997).", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the song's attitude and hook as well as Twain's vocals." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lollipop __knowledge__ A lollipop is a type of confectionery consisting of a sweetmeat of hard candy or water-ice mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly, sucker, sticky-pop, etc.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in a number of colors and flavors, particularly fruit flavors.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ With numerous companies producing lollipops, the candy now comes in dozens of flavors and many different shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ They range from small ones which can be bought by the hundred and are often given away for free at banks, barbershops, and other locations, to very large ones made out of candy canes twisted into a circle.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Most lollipops are eaten at room temperature, but \"ice lollipops\" or \"ice lollies\" are frozen water-based lollipops.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Similar confections on a stick made of ice cream, often with a flavored coating, are usually not called by this name.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or soft candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some novelty lollipops have more unusual items, such as mealworm larvae, embedded in the candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Other novelty lollipops have non-edible centers, such a flashing light, embedded within the candy; there is also a trend of lollipops with sticks attached to a motorized device that makes the entire lollipop spin around in one's mouth.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Dato' Sri, or occasionally Datin Sri, Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: سيتي نورهاليزا بنت تارودين ; IPA: ; born 11 January 1979) is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ To date, she has garnered more than 200 local and international awards.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ She made her debut after she won a popular local singing competition show Bintang HMI in 1995 when she was only 16.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ Her debut single, \"Jerat Percintaan\", won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ The album itself as of 2005, has been sold to a total of more than 800,000 units in Malaysia alone.", "Siti Nurhaliza __knowledge__ In her career she has recorded and sung in multiple languages, including Malaysian, Javanese, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu and Japanese.", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ 5 is a brand of sugar-free chewing gum that is manufactured by the Wrigley Company.", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ The name \"5\" hints at the five human senses (with the ad slogan \"Stimulate Your Senses\" and \"Everybody Experiences it Differently\").", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ Also, it has 5 calories.", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ 5 gum was introduced to United States markets in March 2007, in Canada in January 2008, in Russia, Europe and Australia in 2009, in China, India, Italy, Israel, Thailand, and Malaysia in 2010.", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ The brand features 24 flavours of chewing gum, all of which are available in the United States with the exception of Cirrus, Zephyr and Evolution.", "5 (gum) __knowledge__ The first three flavors introduced were Peppermint, Spearmint, and Cinnamon; second came Tropical and Berry; and in 2009, Winter mint and Bubble.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ Its texture is reminiscent of rubber because of the physical-chemical properties of its polymer, plasticizer, and resin components, which contribute to its elastic-plastic, sticky, chewy characteristics.", "Chewing gum __knowledge__ The cultural tradition of chewing gum seems to have developed through a convergent evolution process, as traces of this habit have arisen separately in many of the early civilizations.", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ Lucky Charms is a brand of cereal produced by the General Mills food company since 1964.", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ The cereal consists of toasted oat pieces and multi-colored marshmallow shapes (\"marbits\" or marshmallow bits).", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ The label features a leprechaun mascot, Lucky, animated in commercials.", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ Lucky Charms was created in 1964 by John Holahan.", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ General Mills management challenged a team of product developers to use the available manufacturing capacity from either of General Mills' two principal cereal products—Wheaties or Cheerios—and do something unique.", "Lucky Charms __knowledge__ Holahan came up with the idea after a visit to the grocery store in which he decided to mix Cheerios with bits of Brach's Circus Peanuts.", "Fragmen __knowledge__ Fragmen (Fragment) is an 2014 album by Malaysian singer Siti Nurhaliza.", "Fragmen __knowledge__ It was her sixteenth studio album and her fifteenth Malay-language album, released physically on 30 June 2014 by Universal Music Group (Malaysia) in a collaboration with her own record company, Siti Nurhaliza Productions.", "Fragmen __knowledge__ Most of the songs in the album is inspired by her life and experiences.", "Fragmen __knowledge__ The production of the album saw a collaboration between Malaysian and Indonesian composers, lyricists and producers.", "Fragmen __knowledge__ \"Fragmen\" has spawned four singles for the Malaysian market, \"Lebih Indah\" (\"More Meaningful\"), \"Jaga Dia Untukku\" (\"Take Care of Him for Me\"), \"Terbaik Bagimu\" (\"The Best for You\") and \"Seluruh Cinta\" (\"All of Love\").", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ Charms Blow Pops are lollipops with bubble gum centers surrounded by a hard candy shell.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ The candy was popularized by The Charms Company.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ Invention of the candy is attributed to Ross Cameron, Walter Reid, and Vince Ciccone.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ Blow Pops became the Charms Candy Company’s best-selling product of all time.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ In 1988, the Charms Candy Company was sold to the Tootsie Roll Company.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ With the addition of Blow Pops to their product line which included Tootsie Rolls, the Tootsie Roll Company became the largest lollipop manufacturer in the world.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ Walter W. Reid Jr. founded the Charms Candy Company in 1912.", "Charms Blow Pops __knowledge__ The company was originally called Tropical Charms, a reference to the individually wrapped square shaped hard candies, which were one of the first to be individually wrapped in cellophane.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Originally, gum arabic was collected from \"Acacia nilotica\" which was called the \"gum arabic tree\"; in the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely \"Acacia senegal\" and \"Vachellia (Acacia) seyal\".", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia—though it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.", "Gum arabic __knowledge__ Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Jones Soda Co. is a beverage company based in Pioneer Square, Seattle, Washington.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ It bottles and distributes soft drinks, non-carbonated beverages, energy drinks, and candy.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Jones Soda is a carbonated soft drink that has many unusual flavors that are not offered by other soft drink makers.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ The company was founded by Peter van Stolk in 1986 as a beverage distributor in Western Canada.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ Until 1995, the company distributed other beverage lines such as AriZona Iced Tea and Thomas Kemper sodas in Western Canada.", "Jones Soda __knowledge__ As the company gained significant knowledge of the beverage industry, it decided to get into the market with alternative beverages as the Urban Juice & Soda Company.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ Mountain Dew (stylized as Mtn Dew) is a carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ The original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ A revised formula was created by Bill Bridgforth in 1958.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ The rights to this formula were obtained by the Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ William H. \"Bill\" Jones of the Tip corporation further refined the formula, launching that version of Mountain Dew in 1961.", "Mountain Dew __knowledge__ In August 1964, the Mountain Dew brand and production rights were acquired from Tip by the Pepsi-Cola company, at which point distribution expanded more widely across the United States and Canada.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ There is little data about their safety, and considerable variability among e-cigarettes and in their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Reviews on the safety of e-cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Regulated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) products such as nicotine inhalers are likely safer than e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A systematic review suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking and since they contain no tobacco and do not involve combustion, users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke.", "Hubba Bubba __knowledge__ Hubba Bubba is a brand of bubble gum originally produced by Wm.", "Hubba Bubba __knowledge__ Wrigley Jr. Company, a subsidiary of Mars, Incorporated, in the United States in 1979 but more recently produced in countries around the world.", "Hubba Bubba __knowledge__ The bubble gum got its name from the phrase \"Hubba Hubba\" that military personnel in World War II used to express approval.", "Hubba Bubba __knowledge__ The main gimmick used to promote the gum is that Hubba Bubba is less sticky than other brands of bubble gum and so burst bubbles are easier to peel from your skin.", "Hubba Bubba __knowledge__ The first portions of Hubba Bubba were produced in the traditional bubble gum flavor often referred to as Original, but different flavors of gum have been produced all around the world.", "Pringles __knowledge__ Pringles is an American brand of potato and wheat-based stackable snack chips owned by Kellogg's.", "Pringles __knowledge__ Originally marketed as \"Pringle's Newfangled Potato Chips\", Pringles are sold in more than 140 countries, and it was the fourth most popular snack brand after Lay's, Doritos and Cheetos in 2012, with 2.2% market share globally, compared to Lay's share of 6.7%.", "Pringles __knowledge__ The snack was originally developed by Procter & Gamble (P&G), who first sold the product in 1967.", "Pringles __knowledge__ P&G sold the brand to Kellogg's in 2012.", "Pringles __knowledge__ Pringles were initially sold in 1967 and became nationally distributed across the US in 1975, and internationally from 1991 onwards." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lollipop __knowledge__ A lollipop is a type of confectionery consisting of a sweetmeat of hard candy or water-ice mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly, sucker, sticky-pop, etc.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in a number of colors and flavors, particularly fruit flavors.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ With numerous companies producing lollipops, the candy now comes in dozens of flavors and many different shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ They range from small ones which can be bought by the hundred and are often given away for free at banks, barbershops, and other locations, to very large ones made out of candy canes twisted into a circle.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Most lollipops are eaten at room temperature, but \"ice lollipops\" or \"ice lollies\" are frozen water-based lollipops.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Similar confections on a stick made of ice cream, often with a flavored coating, are usually not called by this name.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or soft candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some novelty lollipops have more unusual items, such as mealworm larvae, embedded in the candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Other novelty lollipops have non-edible centers, such a flashing light, embedded within the candy; there is also a trend of lollipops with sticks attached to a motorized device that makes the entire lollipop spin around in one's mouth.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman, and diplomat who was Hollywood's number one box-office draw as a child actress from 1935 to 1938.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ As an adult, she was named United States ambassador to Ghana and to Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief of Protocol of the United States.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Temple began her film career at the age of three in 1932.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Two years later, she achieved international fame in \"Bright Eyes\", a feature film designed specifically for her talents.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\".", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ Stand Up and Cheer!", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ is a 1934 American Pre-Code musical film directed by Hamilton MacFadden.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ The screenplay by Lew Brown and Ralph Spence was based upon a story idea by Will Rogers and Philip Klein.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ The film is about efforts undertaken during the Great Depression to boost the morale of the country.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ It is essentially a vehicle for a string of vaudeville acts and a few musical numbers.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ This film is best known for providing the first big breakthrough role for legendary child actress Shirley Temple.", "Stand Up and Cheer! __knowledge__ A little known bit player prior to this movie, by the end of the year, she would appear in 10 movies, including 4 starring roles in major feature-length films.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The Blue Bird is a 1940 B&W and Technicolor American fantasy film directed by Walter Lang.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Walter Bullock was adapted from the 1908 play of the same name by Maurice Maeterlinck.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ Intended as 20th Century Fox's answer to MGM's \"The Wizard of Oz\", which had been released the previous year, it was filmed in Technicolor and tells the story of a disagreeable little girl (played by Shirley Temple) and her search for happiness.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ Despite being a box office flop and losing money, the film was later nominated for two Academy Awards.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ It is available on both VHS and DVD.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The setting is Germany during the Napoleonic Wars.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ Gloria Frances Stuart (born Gloria Stewart, July 4, 1910 – September 26, 2010) was an American film and stage actress, visual artist, and activist.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ A native of Southern California, she began her acting in high school in the 1920s and on the stage in the 1930s and 1940s, performing in little theater and summer stock in Los Angeles and New York City.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Universal Pictures in 1932, and acted in numerous films for the studio, including \"The Old Dark House\" (1932), \"The Invisible Man\" (1933), and \"The Three Musketeers\" (1939).", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ In 1945, after a tenure as a contract player for Twentieth Century Fox, Stuart abandoned her acting career and shifted to a career as an artist, working as a fine printer and making paintings, serigraphy, miniature books, Bonsai, and découpage for the next five decades.", "Curly Top (film) __knowledge__ Curly Top (1935) is an American musical film directed by Irving Cummings.", "Curly Top (film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Patterson McNutt and Arthur J. Beckhard focuses on the adoption of a young orphan (Shirley Temple) by a wealthy bachelor (John Boles) and his romantic attraction to her older sister (Rochelle Hudson).", "Curly Top (film) __knowledge__ Together with \"The Littlest Rebel\", another Temple vehicle, the film was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\".", "Curly Top (film) __knowledge__ The film's musical numbers include \"Animal Crackers in My Soup\" and \"When I Grow Up\".", "Curly Top (film) __knowledge__ This film was the first of four films that Shirley Temple and Arthur Treacher cooperated in; others were \"Stowaway\" (1936), \"Heidi\" (1937) and \"The Little Princess\" (1939).", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Gunpowder is the first physical explosive and propellant.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Before its invention, many incendiary and burning devices had been used, including Greek fire.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ The invention of gunpowder is attributed to experimentation in Chinese alchemy by Taoists in the pursuit of immortality, and is popularly listed as one of the \"Four Great Inventions\" of China.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ It was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) but the earliest record of a written formula appeared in the Song dynasty (11th century).", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly throughout the Old World possibly as a result of the Mongol conquests during the 13th century, with written formula for it appearing in the 1267 \"Opus Majus\" treatise by Roger Bacon and a 1280 treatise by Hasan al-Rammah.", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ Five on the Black Hand Side is a 1973 Blaxploitation comedy film based on the play by Charlie L. Russell.", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ It was shot in Los Angeles, California.", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ Leonard Jackson appeared as John Henry Brooks.", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ He was cast in Steven Spielberg's \"The Color Purple\" fifteen years later.", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ Tagline: \"You've been coffy-tized, blacula-rized and super-flied - but now you're gonna be glorified, unified and filled-with-pride... when you see \"Five on the Black Hand Side\".\"", "Five on the Black Hand Side __knowledge__ During the weekend of her daughter's wedding, Mrs. Gladys Ann Brooks, a meek wife (played by Clarice Taylor) and her three children; Gideon Brooks (Glynn Turman), Booker T. Washington-Brooks (D'Urville Martin), and Gail Brooks (Bonnie Banfield) finally decides to stand up to their overbearing husband and father Mr. John Henry Brooks Jr. (Leonard Jackson) who displays retrogressive behavior.", "Barber chair __knowledge__ A barber chair is a chair for customers to a barber or hairdresser.", "Barber chair __knowledge__ The chairs usually have adjustable height (with a foot-operated jack or a hand-operated lever on the side).", "Barber chair __knowledge__ It can also rotate, or lean backwards (for hairwashing and shaving).", "Barber chair __knowledge__ They are normally made from metal and leather and are usually rather heavy.", "Barber chair __knowledge__ On the low end for cheaper barber chairs, the cost can be around $500, whereas higher-end barber chairs with more advanced features like adjustable headrests and leg rests, reclining capabilities and more sturdy building materials typically cost up to $2500.", "Barber chair __knowledge__ Barber chairs in engravings from the Civil War era share many features with modern chairs, including high seating, upholstery, and a footrest.", "Food bank __knowledge__ A food bank or foodbank is a non-profit, charitable organization that distributes food to those who have difficulty purchasing enough food to avoid hunger.", "Food bank __knowledge__ In North America and Australia, food banks usually operate on the \"warehouse\" model.", "Food bank __knowledge__ They act as food storage and distribution depots for smaller front line agencies; and usually do not themselves give out food directly to the hungry.", "Food bank __knowledge__ After the food is collected, sorted, and reviewed for quality, these food banks distribute it to non-profit community or government agencies, including \"food pantries\", \"food closets\", soup kitchens, homeless shelters, orphanages, and schools.", "Barber's pole __knowledge__ A barber's pole is a type of sign used by barbers to signify the place or shop where they perform their craft.", "Barber's pole __knowledge__ The trade sign is, by a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages, a staff or pole with a helix of colored stripes (often red and white in many countries, but usually red, blue, and white in the United States).", "Barber's pole __knowledge__ The pole may be stationary or may revolve, often with the aid of an electric motor.", "Barber's pole __knowledge__ A \"barber's pole\" with a helical stripe is a familiar sight, and is used as a secondary metaphor to describe objects in many other contexts.", "Barber's pole __knowledge__ For example, if the shaft or tower of a lighthouse has been painted with a helical stripe as a daymark, the lighthouse could be described as having been painted in \"barber's pole\" colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lollipop __knowledge__ A lollipop is a type of confectionery consisting of a sweetmeat of hard candy or water-ice mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Different informal terms are used in different places, including lolly, sucker, sticky-pop, etc.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in many flavors and shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Lollipops are available in a number of colors and flavors, particularly fruit flavors.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ With numerous companies producing lollipops, the candy now comes in dozens of flavors and many different shapes.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ They range from small ones which can be bought by the hundred and are often given away for free at banks, barbershops, and other locations, to very large ones made out of candy canes twisted into a circle.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Most lollipops are eaten at room temperature, but \"ice lollipops\" or \"ice lollies\" are frozen water-based lollipops.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Similar confections on a stick made of ice cream, often with a flavored coating, are usually not called by this name.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or soft candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Some novelty lollipops have more unusual items, such as mealworm larvae, embedded in the candy.", "Lollipop __knowledge__ Other novelty lollipops have non-edible centers, such a flashing light, embedded within the candy; there is also a trend of lollipops with sticks attached to a motorized device that makes the entire lollipop spin around in one's mouth.", "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka.", "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" by Roald Dahl.", "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers.", "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film.", "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters in the Roald Dahl book \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator\", and the former's film adaptations, \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" and \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\".", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ In the novels and films, Willy Wonka is the odd owner of an extremely prosperous chocolates factory.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ The inciting action of the story occurs when Wonka holds a contest, hiding five Golden Tickets within the wrappers of confectionery bars, promising their discoverers a tour of his factory and a lifelong supply of his creations.", "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters __knowledge__ Implications stand in all three versions that he allows four of his five finalists to disgrace themselves, in hope that one does not.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical) __knowledge__ Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a stage musical based on the 1964 children's novel of the same name by Roald Dahl, with book by David Greig, music by Marc Shaiman and lyrics by Shaiman and Scott Wittman.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical) __knowledge__ The musical premiered in London's West End at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in June 2013 and ran for 3 years and 7 months before closing in January 2017.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical) __knowledge__ The show was reworked for a Broadway production opening in April 2017 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre and ran almost 9 months before closing in January 2018.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical) __knowledge__ The musical is based on the 1964 children's novel by Roald Dahl.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (musical) __knowledge__ A first reading of the first act from the show was carried out in New York City in May 2010, with the intention of opening in London the following year.", "Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (musical) __knowledge__ Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka is a musical that combines elements of both Roald Dahl's book \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" and of the 1971 movie \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" with newly created material.", "Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (musical) __knowledge__ The musical has several versions: the original version which premiered in 2004, the Junior version, the Kids version, and the Theatre for Young Audiences version.", "Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (musical) __knowledge__ All are owned by Music Theatre International, the company that owns the Willy Wonka license.", "Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (musical) __knowledge__ After getting approval from the Dahl estate, Tim McDonald and Leslie Bricusse worked together on the play.", "Roald Dahl's Willy Wonka (musical) __knowledge__ McDonald said \"Our challenge was to create a live theatrical musical event that satisfied your expectations of the book and the film – but hopefully gave you another experience also.\"", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ \"Candy Shop\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her eleventh studio album, \"Hard Candy\" (2008).", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ It was co-written by Madonna and Pharrell Williams, while production was carried out by the singer and the latter's team, The Neptunes.", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ An early version of the song was leaked on the internet on July 2007, but was quickly removed.", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ \"Candy Shop\" is a pop song, featuring elements of hip-hop and R&B, with its instrumentation consisting of bongos and Spanish guitar.", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, it uses the word candy as a metaphor for sex.", "Candy Shop (Madonna song) __knowledge__ The song received generally mixed to negative reviews from music critics, who praised its production and catchiness but criticized its lyrical content.", "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory is a 2017 American direct-to-DVD animated musical comedy film featuring the characters Tom and Jerry, produced by Warner Bros.", "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ Animation.", "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ The film is an animated adaptation of the 1971 film \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" with the addition of Tom and Jerry being characters in the plot and as seen through their point of view.", "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ This is also the second time that a film in the \"Tom and Jerry\" franchise was an adaption of an original film (the first being \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\").", "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory __knowledge__ The film was released via digital media on June 27, 2017, and released on home media on July 11, 2017.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) __knowledge__ Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) __knowledge__ The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and is along with four other contest winners, subsequently led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world.", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) __knowledge__ Development for another adaptation of \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" (filmed previously as \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\" in 1971) began in 1991, which resulted in Warner Bros. providing the Dahl Estate with total artistic control.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman, and diplomat who was Hollywood's number one box-office draw as a child actress from 1935 to 1938.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ As an adult, she was named United States ambassador to Ghana and to Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief of Protocol of the United States.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Temple began her film career at the age of three in 1932.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ Two years later, she achieved international fame in \"Bright Eyes\", a feature film designed specifically for her talents.", "Shirley Temple __knowledge__ She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll was published from a questionnaire given to movie exhibitors every year between 1932 and 2013 by Quigley Publishing Company.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The list was based on a poll of movie theater owners, who were asked to name who they felt were the previous year's top 10 moneymaking stars.", "Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll __knowledge__ The Top 10 Poll which appeared annually in Quigley's \"International Motion Picture Almanac\" has long been regarded as one of the most reliable barometers of a movie star's box-office power, as film exhibitors base their decisions on one economic criterion: those stars who will bring patrons into their theaters.", "The Littlest Rebel __knowledge__ The Littlest Rebel is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by David Butler.", "The Littlest Rebel __knowledge__ The screenplay by Edwin J. Burke was adapted from a play of the same name by Edward Peple and focuses on the tribulations of a plantation-owning family during the American Civil War.", "The Littlest Rebel __knowledge__ The film stars Shirley Temple, John Boles, and Karen Morley, as the plantation family and Bill Robinson as their slave with Jack Holt as a Union officer.", "The Littlest Rebel __knowledge__ The film was well received, and, in tandem with the Temple vehicle \"Curly Top\", was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\".", "The Littlest Rebel __knowledge__ The film was the second of four cinematic pairings of Temple and Robinson.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) __knowledge__ Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott, and Bill Robinson.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Don Ettlinger and Karl Tunberg is loosely based on Kate Douglas Wiggin's novel \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\".", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) __knowledge__ This is the second of three films in which Shirley Temple and Randolph Scott appeared together, the others were; \"To the Last Man\" (1933) and \"Susannah of the Mounties\" (1939).", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) __knowledge__ The film tells the story of a talented orphan's trials and tribulations after winning a radio audition to represent a breakfast cereal.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) __knowledge__ Highlights include Temple singing a medley of her hit tunes and dancing with Bill Robinson on a flight of stairs.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\".", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook __knowledge__ The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ Gloria Frances Stuart (born Gloria Stewart, July 4, 1910 – September 26, 2010) was an American film and stage actress, visual artist, and activist.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ A native of Southern California, she began her acting in high school in the 1920s and on the stage in the 1930s and 1940s, performing in little theater and summer stock in Los Angeles and New York City.", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Universal Pictures in 1932, and acted in numerous films for the studio, including \"The Old Dark House\" (1932), \"The Invisible Man\" (1933), and \"The Three Musketeers\" (1939).", "Gloria Stuart __knowledge__ In 1945, after a tenure as a contract player for Twentieth Century Fox, Stuart abandoned her acting career and shifted to a career as an artist, working as a fine printer and making paintings, serigraphy, miniature books, Bonsai, and découpage for the next five decades.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The Blue Bird is a 1940 B&W and Technicolor American fantasy film directed by Walter Lang.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Walter Bullock was adapted from the 1908 play of the same name by Maurice Maeterlinck.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ Intended as 20th Century Fox's answer to MGM's \"The Wizard of Oz\", which had been released the previous year, it was filmed in Technicolor and tells the story of a disagreeable little girl (played by Shirley Temple) and her search for happiness.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ Despite being a box office flop and losing money, the film was later nominated for two Academy Awards.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ It is available on both VHS and DVD.", "The Blue Bird (1940 film) __knowledge__ The setting is Germany during the Napoleonic Wars." ] ]	[ 3, 6, 14, 12 ]	[ "Yes! I they are available in many flavors and shapes, what are your favorites?", "I like the small ones usually given at banks and barbershops. ", "oh I loved Shirley Temple films! and such a talent, she began her career when she was three!", "The original ones from 1971, is one of my favorites movies!" ]	[ "Lollipop", "Lollipop", "Lollipop", "Lollipop" ]
[ "Giant panda\nHi, hope you are well. I was just watching a show about these giant pandas, so funny!", "yes, and so adorable. Do you know much about giant pandas?", "Wow, not as many as I", "That's interesting. Do you know how big they are?", "I thought it was pretty much vegetables. So, they don't eat meat, do they?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda (\"Ailuropoda melanoleuca\", \"black and white cat-foot\"; , \"big bear cat\"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The name \"giant panda\" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Currently, there are 25 zoos in 17 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos, is to try to help the species reproduce before they are brought back to their native land.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ Panda diplomacy is China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The practice existed as far back as the Tang Dynasty, when Empress Wu Zetian (625–705) sent a pair of pandas to the Japanese emperor.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The People's Republic of China used panda diplomacy in the 1950s and has become known in recent decades for this practice.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ From 1958 to 1982, China gave 23 pandas to nine different countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ One highlight of panda diplomacy was the Chinese government's gift of two pandas, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing, to the United States in 1972 after President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China (President Nixon reciprocated by sending back a pair of musk oxen).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ Chengdu (), formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China (the other two are Chongqing and Xi'an).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ , the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ The surrounding Chengdu Plain is also known as the \"Country of Heaven\" () and the \"Land of Abundance\".", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascaris shroederi, common name giant panda roundworm, is a roundworm (nematode), found ubiquitously in giant pandas of central China, the definitive hosts.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascaris larvae in paratenic hosts can migrate, causing visceral larva migrans (VLM).", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascariasis is characterized by the zoonotic infection of Baylisascaris roundworm humans, no cases have ever been reported globally.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ It is extremely dangerous to the host due to the ability of the parasite's larvae to migrate into brain tissue and cause damage.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Concern for human infection is minimalized as there are very few giant pandas living today and most people do not encounter giant pandas in their everyday activities.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The Toronto Zoo is a zoo located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Founded by Hugh A. Crothers, an industrialist who became the first Chairman of the Metro Toronto Zoological Society in 1966, the zoo opened on August 15, 1974 as the \"Metropolitan Toronto Zoo\", or simply \"Metro Toronto Zoo\", and is owned by the City of Toronto.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The word \"Metropolitan\" was dropped from its name when the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated to the current city in 1998.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Rouge River, along the western border of Rouge Park in the city's east end district of Scarborough.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Encompassing , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoological Park, commonly known as the National Zoo, is one of the oldest zoos in the United States.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ It is part of the Smithsonian Institution and does not charge for admission.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ Founded in 1889, its mission is to \"provide engaging experiences with animals and create and share knowledge to save wildlife and habitats\".", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoo has two campuses.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The first is a urban park located at Rock Creek Park in Northwest Washington, D.C., 20 minutes from the National Mall by MetroRail.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The other campus is the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI; formerly known as the Conservation and Research Center) in Front Royal, Virginia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda (\"Ailuropoda melanoleuca\", \"black and white cat-foot\"; , \"big bear cat\"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The name \"giant panda\" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Currently, there are 25 zoos in 17 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos, is to try to help the species reproduce before they are brought back to their native land.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ Panda diplomacy is China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The practice existed as far back as the Tang Dynasty, when Empress Wu Zetian (625–705) sent a pair of pandas to the Japanese emperor.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The People's Republic of China used panda diplomacy in the 1950s and has become known in recent decades for this practice.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ From 1958 to 1982, China gave 23 pandas to nine different countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ One highlight of panda diplomacy was the Chinese government's gift of two pandas, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing, to the United States in 1972 after President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China (President Nixon reciprocated by sending back a pair of musk oxen).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ Chengdu (), formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China (the other two are Chongqing and Xi'an).", "Chengdu __knowledge__ , the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City.", "Chengdu __knowledge__ The surrounding Chengdu Plain is also known as the \"Country of Heaven\" () and the \"Land of Abundance\".", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascaris shroederi, common name giant panda roundworm, is a roundworm (nematode), found ubiquitously in giant pandas of central China, the definitive hosts.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascaris larvae in paratenic hosts can migrate, causing visceral larva migrans (VLM).", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Baylisascariasis is characterized by the zoonotic infection of Baylisascaris roundworm humans, no cases have ever been reported globally.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ It is extremely dangerous to the host due to the ability of the parasite's larvae to migrate into brain tissue and cause damage.", "Baylisascaris shroederi __knowledge__ Concern for human infection is minimalized as there are very few giant pandas living today and most people do not encounter giant pandas in their everyday activities.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoological Park, commonly known as the National Zoo, is one of the oldest zoos in the United States.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ It is part of the Smithsonian Institution and does not charge for admission.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ Founded in 1889, its mission is to \"provide engaging experiences with animals and create and share knowledge to save wildlife and habitats\".", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoo has two campuses.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The first is a urban park located at Rock Creek Park in Northwest Washington, D.C., 20 minutes from the National Mall by MetroRail.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The other campus is the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI; formerly known as the Conservation and Research Center) in Front Royal, Virginia.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The Toronto Zoo is a zoo located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Founded by Hugh A. Crothers, an industrialist who became the first Chairman of the Metro Toronto Zoological Society in 1966, the zoo opened on August 15, 1974 as the \"Metropolitan Toronto Zoo\", or simply \"Metro Toronto Zoo\", and is owned by the City of Toronto.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The word \"Metropolitan\" was dropped from its name when the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated to the current city in 1998.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Rouge River, along the western border of Rouge Park in the city's east end district of Scarborough.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Encompassing , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda (\"Ailuropoda melanoleuca\", \"black and white cat-foot\"; , \"big bear cat\"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The name \"giant panda\" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Currently, there are 25 zoos in 17 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos, is to try to help the species reproduce before they are brought back to their native land.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoological Park, commonly known as the National Zoo, is one of the oldest zoos in the United States.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ It is part of the Smithsonian Institution and does not charge for admission.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ Founded in 1889, its mission is to \"provide engaging experiences with animals and create and share knowledge to save wildlife and habitats\".", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoo has two campuses.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The first is a urban park located at Rock Creek Park in Northwest Washington, D.C., 20 minutes from the National Mall by MetroRail.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The other campus is the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI; formerly known as the Conservation and Research Center) in Front Royal, Virginia.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The Toronto Zoo is a zoo located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Founded by Hugh A. Crothers, an industrialist who became the first Chairman of the Metro Toronto Zoological Society in 1966, the zoo opened on August 15, 1974 as the \"Metropolitan Toronto Zoo\", or simply \"Metro Toronto Zoo\", and is owned by the City of Toronto.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The word \"Metropolitan\" was dropped from its name when the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated to the current city in 1998.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Rouge River, along the western border of Rouge Park in the city's east end district of Scarborough.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Encompassing , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California, housing over 3,700 animals of more than 650 species and subspecies.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ Its parent organization, San Diego Zoo Global, is one of the largest zoological membership associations in the world, with more than 250,000 member households and 130,000 child memberships, representing more than a half million people.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo was a pioneer in the concept of open-air, cageless exhibits that re-create natural animal habitats.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ It is one of the few zoos in the world that houses and successfully breeds the giant panda.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ In 2013, the zoo added a new Koalafornia Adventure exhibit, providing an updated Australian animal experience.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ Panda diplomacy is China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The practice existed as far back as the Tang Dynasty, when Empress Wu Zetian (625–705) sent a pair of pandas to the Japanese emperor.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ The People's Republic of China used panda diplomacy in the 1950s and has become known in recent decades for this practice.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ From 1958 to 1982, China gave 23 pandas to nine different countries.", "Panda diplomacy __knowledge__ One highlight of panda diplomacy was the Chinese government's gift of two pandas, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing, to the United States in 1972 after President Richard Nixon's historic visit to China (President Nixon reciprocated by sending back a pair of musk oxen).", "Terry Maple __knowledge__ Terry Maple (born September 10, 1946) is an American behavioral research scientist, wildlife conservationist, Professor Emeritus (Georgia Institute of Technology) and zoo director emeritus.", "Terry Maple __knowledge__ Maple has authored or co-authored 12 academic books, including \"Zoo Man\", an autobiography detailing the early years of his career as a zoo director.", "Terry Maple __knowledge__ His second autobiography, \"Professor in the Zoo\", was published in August 2016.", "Terry Maple __knowledge__ Most recently, he co-authored with Dan Marston, \"Comparative Psychology for Clinical Psychologists and Therapists\" (Kingsley, London, 2016).", "Terry Maple __knowledge__ He has been largely collected by libraries worldwide." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda (\"Ailuropoda melanoleuca\", \"black and white cat-foot\"; , \"big bear cat\"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The name \"giant panda\" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Robert Paul \"Tad\" Williams (born 14 March 1957 in San Jose, California) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He is the author of the multivolume \"Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn\" series, \"Otherland\" series, and \"Shadowmarch\" series as well as the standalone novels \"Tailchaser's Song\" and \"The War of the Flowers\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Most recently, Williams published \"The Bobby Dollar\" series.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Cumulatively, over 17 million copies of Williams's works have been sold.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Williams's work in comics includes a six issue mini-series for DC Comics called \"The Next\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He also wrote \"\" issue #50 to #57.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Other comic work includes \"Mirrorworld: Rain\" and \"The Helmet of Fate: Ibis the Invincible #1\" (DC).", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California, housing over 3,700 animals of more than 650 species and subspecies.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ Its parent organization, San Diego Zoo Global, is one of the largest zoological membership associations in the world, with more than 250,000 member households and 130,000 child memberships, representing more than a half million people.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ The San Diego Zoo was a pioneer in the concept of open-air, cageless exhibits that re-create natural animal habitats.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ It is one of the few zoos in the world that houses and successfully breeds the giant panda.", "San Diego Zoo __knowledge__ In 2013, the zoo added a new Koalafornia Adventure exhibit, providing an updated Australian animal experience.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is a zoo located within Bronx Park in the Bronx, a borough of New York City.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ It is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States and among the largest in the world.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ On average, the zoo has 2.15 million visitors each year, and it comprises of park lands and naturalistic habitats, through which the Bronx River flows.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The Bronx Zoo is world-renowned for its large and diverse animal collection, and its award-winning exhibitions.", "Bronx Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and it is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).", "San Diego Zoo Global __knowledge__ San Diego Zoo Global is a not-for-profit organization headquartered in San Diego that operates the San Diego Zoo, the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, and the San Diego Zoo Global Wildlife Conservancy.", "San Diego Zoo Global __knowledge__ Founded in 1916 as the Zoological Society of San Diego under the leadership of Harry M. Wegeforth, the organization claims the largest zoological society membership in the world, with more than 250,000 member households and 130,000 child memberships, representing more than half a million people.", "San Diego Zoo Global __knowledge__ The organization's mission is to save vulnerable species through animal care based in conservation science.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Currently, there are 25 zoos in 17 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years.", "Giant pandas around the world __knowledge__ Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos, is to try to help the species reproduce before they are brought back to their native land.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The Toronto Zoo is a zoo located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Founded by Hugh A. Crothers, an industrialist who became the first Chairman of the Metro Toronto Zoological Society in 1966, the zoo opened on August 15, 1974 as the \"Metropolitan Toronto Zoo\", or simply \"Metro Toronto Zoo\", and is owned by the City of Toronto.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The word \"Metropolitan\" was dropped from its name when the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was amalgamated to the current city in 1998.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ The zoo is located near the Rouge River, along the western border of Rouge Park in the city's east end district of Scarborough.", "Toronto Zoo __knowledge__ Encompassing , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoological Park, commonly known as the National Zoo, is one of the oldest zoos in the United States.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ It is part of the Smithsonian Institution and does not charge for admission.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ Founded in 1889, its mission is to \"provide engaging experiences with animals and create and share knowledge to save wildlife and habitats\".", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The National Zoo has two campuses.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The first is a urban park located at Rock Creek Park in Northwest Washington, D.C., 20 minutes from the National Mall by MetroRail.", "National Zoological Park (United States) __knowledge__ The other campus is the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI; formerly known as the Conservation and Research Center) in Front Royal, Virginia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda (\"Ailuropoda melanoleuca\", \"black and white cat-foot\"; , \"big bear cat\"), also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The name \"giant panda\" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda's diet is over 99% bamboo.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, but also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ The giant panda is a conservation reliant vulnerable species.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ A 2007 report showed 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.", "Giant panda __knowledge__ As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Buddhist vegetarianism is the belief that following a vegetarian diet is implied in the Buddha's teaching.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, however, the views on vegetarianism vary between different schools of thought.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ According to Theravada, the Buddha allowed his monks to eat pork, chicken and fish if the monk was aware that the animal was not killed on their behalf.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ The Mahayana schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet; according to some sutras the Buddha himself insisted that his followers should not eat the flesh of any sentient being.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Monks of the Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma Net Sutra are forbidden by their vows from eating flesh of any kind.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Diet in Hinduism varies with its diverse traditions.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The ancient and medieval Hindu texts do not explicitly prohibit eating meat, but they do strongly recommend ahimsa—non-violence against all life forms including animals.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, and methods of food production that are in sync with nature, compassionate, and respectful of other life forms as well as nature.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The diet of Hindus usually does not include eggs, fish or meat.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ However, if included, Hindus often favor \"jhatka\" (quick death) style preparation of meat since Hindus believe that this method minimizes trauma and suffering to the animal.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Bamboo __knowledge__ The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.", "Bamboo __knowledge__ In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross section are scattered throughout the stem instead of in a cylindrical arrangement.", "Bamboo __knowledge__ The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also absent.", "Bamboo __knowledge__ The absence of secondary growth wood causes the stems of monocots, including the palms and large bamboos, to be columnar rather than tapering.", "Bamboo __knowledge__ Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world, due to a unique rhizome-dependent system.", "Lemur __knowledge__ Lemurs ( ) are a clade of strepsirrhine primates endemic to the island of Madagascar.", "Lemur __knowledge__ The word \"lemur\" derives from the word \"lemures\" (ghosts or spirits) from Roman mythology and was first used to describe a slender loris due to its nocturnal habits and slow pace, but was later applied to the primates on Madagascar.", "Lemur __knowledge__ As with other strepsirrhine primates, such as lorises, pottos, and galagos (bush babies), lemurs share resemblance with basal primates.", "Lemur __knowledge__ In this regard, lemurs are often confused with ancestral primates, when in actuality, lemurs did not give rise to monkeys and apes, but evolved independently.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ Bamboo textiles are cloth, yarn, and clothing made out of bamboo fibres.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ While historically used only for structural elements, such as bustles and the ribs of corsets, in recent years a range of technologies have been developed allowing bamboo fibre to be used in a wide range of textile and fashion applications.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ Modern clothing labeled bamboo is usually rayon.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ The bamboo yarn can also be blended with other textile fibres such as hemp or even spandex.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ Bamboo fibres are all cellulose fibre extracted or fabricated from natural bamboo, but they vary widely.", "Bamboo textile __knowledge__ Textiles labelled as being made from bamboo are usually not made by mechanical crushing and retting.", "Craft-Bamboo Racing __knowledge__ Craft-Bamboo Racing was created when two leaders in their respective industries decided to join together and create an international motorsport enterprise.", "Craft-Bamboo Racing __knowledge__ Craft Racing, from Hong Kong, was established in 2009 and was a front running team in Asian Championships for five years and won many prestigious races, obtaining top championship positions throughout the region.", "Craft-Bamboo Racing __knowledge__ Bamboo Engineering, based in Silverstone, was founded by Richard Coleman in 2009 and has run cars in both the WTCC and GP3 series.", "Craft-Bamboo Racing __knowledge__ Success was enjoyed in both categories, with the WTCC team finishing third in the drivers championship in 2013, making them the first independent team to do so.", "Iban people __knowledge__ The Ibans or Sea Dayaks are a branch of the Dayak peoples of Borneo.", "Iban people __knowledge__ Most Ibans are located in the Malaysian state of Sarawak.", "Iban people __knowledge__ It is believed that the term \"Iban\" was originally an exonym used by the Kayans, who referred to the Sea Dayaks in the upper Rajang river region when they initially came into contact with them as \"Hivan\".", "Iban people __knowledge__ Ibans were renowned for practicing headhunting and tribal/territorial expansion, and had a fearsome reputation as a strong and successful warring tribe in the past.", "Iban people __knowledge__ Since the arrival of Europeans and the subsequent colonisation of the area, headhunting gradually faded out of practice although many other tribal customs and practices as well as the Iban language continue to thrive.", "Japanese bamboo weaving __knowledge__ More than six hundred species of bamboo grow in Japan, including \"Phyllostachys bambusoides\", which can grow to a height of 15–22 m and a diameter of 10–15 cm.", "Japanese bamboo weaving __knowledge__ Although defined as a subfamily of grasses, bamboo is characterized by its woody culm and a root system that can form either thick, slowly spreading clusters or more aggressive runners.", "Japanese bamboo weaving __knowledge__ Bamboo is a common theme in Japanese literature and a favoured subject of painters.", "Japanese bamboo weaving __knowledge__ Along with the evergreen pine and plum, which is the first flower of spring, bamboo is a part of the traditional Three Friends of Winter.", "Japanese bamboo weaving __knowledge__ The three are a symbol of steadfastness, perseverance, and resilience." ] ]	[ 1, 12, 66, 4, 5 ]	[ "Giant pandas are neat. They are native to China.", "A little bit. I know that there are 25 zoos around the world that have Giant Pandas", "The San Diego zoo is one of the zoos. They successfully breed Giant Pandas.", "I don't, but I do know that 99% of their diet is bamboo", "On rare occasions will pandas eat meat and other types of grass" ]	[ "Giant panda", "Giant panda", "Giant panda", "Giant panda", "Giant panda" ]
[ "Physical disability", "Really? How do you mean?", "Ok. That is true", "So can alcoholism cause disability? " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Physical disability __knowledge__ A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ They can be due to accidents, obesity, infection or other illnesses.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Mobility impairment includes physical defects, including upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or more organs of the body.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem, or a consequence of disease." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Physical disability __knowledge__ A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ They can be due to accidents, obesity, infection or other illnesses.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Mobility impairment includes physical defects, including upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or more organs of the body.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem, or a consequence of disease.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In probability theory and statistics, the beta distribution is a family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval [0, 1] parametrized by two positive shape parameters, denoted by \"α\" and \"β\", that appear as exponents of the random variable and control the shape of the distribution.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ The beta distribution has been applied to model the behavior of random variables limited to intervals of finite length in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Beta distribution __knowledge__ In Bayesian inference, the beta distribution is the conjugate prior probability distribution for the Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial and geometric distributions.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ Typically, it is appropriate for situations when the average of rates is desired.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ The harmonic mean can be expressed as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the given set of observations.", "Harmonic mean __knowledge__ As a simple example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is formula_1 The harmonic mean \"H\" of the positive real numbers formula_2 is defined to be The third formula in the above equation expresses the harmonic mean as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ In mathematics, the geometric mean is a type of mean or average, which indicates the central tendency or typical value of a set of numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum).", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ The geometric mean is defined as the th root of the product of numbers, i.e., for a set of numbers , the geometric mean is defined as For instance, the geometric mean of two numbers, say 2 and 8, is just the square root of their product, that is, formula_2.", "Geometric mean __knowledge__ As another example, the geometric mean of the three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 is the cube root of their product (1/8), which is 1/2, that is, formula_3.", "Mean (song) __knowledge__ \"Mean\" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album, \"Speak Now\" (2010).", "Mean (song) __knowledge__ Produced by Swift alongside Nathan Chapman, the song was sent to country radio in the United States on March 13, 2011, as the third single from \"Speak Now\".", "Mean (song) __knowledge__ \"Mean\" garnered positive reviews from critics for its lyrical detail and profound country sound.", "Mean (song) __knowledge__ The song received commercial success in the United States and Canada, debuting at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number ten on the Canadian Hot 100.", "Mean (song) __knowledge__ The song also appeared on the Australian Singles Chart at number 45.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ In statistics, regression toward (or to) the mean is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ To avoid making incorrect inferences, regression toward the mean must be considered when designing scientific experiments and interpreting data.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ The conditions under which regression toward the mean occurs depend on the way the term is mathematically defined.", "Regression toward the mean __knowledge__ Sir Francis Galton first observed the phenomenon in the context of simple linear regression of data points.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is variable and uncertain, and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Only two treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy, have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment, although medications are used without approval for the illness (off-label).", "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment __knowledge__ Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that haven't been approved for market for any condition in the United States (for example, isoprinosine and rintatolimod).", "Widowhood effect __knowledge__ The widowhood effect is the increase in the probability of a person dying a relatively short time after their long-time spouse has died.", "Widowhood effect __knowledge__ The pattern indicates a sharp increase in risk of death for the widower, particularly but not exclusively, in the three months closest thereafter the death of the spouse.", "Widowhood effect __knowledge__ This process of losing a spouse and dying shortly after has also been called \"dying of a broken heart\".", "Widowhood effect __knowledge__ Becoming a widow is often a very detrimental and life changing time in a spouse's life, that forces them to go through changes that they may not have anticipated to make for a significant amount of time.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome __knowledge__ Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a medical condition characterized by long-term fatigue and other symptoms that limit a person's ability to carry out ordinary daily activities.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome __knowledge__ Biological, genetic, infectious, and psychological mechanisms have been proposed, but the cause is not understood.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome __knowledge__ Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms.", "Chronic fatigue syndrome __knowledge__ The fatigue is not due to strenuous ongoing exertion, is not much relieved by rest, and is not due to a previous medical condition. Fatigue is a common symptom in many illnesses, but the unexplained fatigue and severity of functional impairment in CFS is comparatively rare.", "WOMAC __knowledge__ The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints.", "WOMAC __knowledge__ The WOMAC has also been used to assess back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and fibromyalgia.", "WOMAC __knowledge__ It can be self-administered and was developed at Western Ontario and McMaster Universities in 1982.", "WOMAC __knowledge__ The WOMAC measures five items for pain (score range 0–20), two for stiffness (score range 0–8), and 17 for functional limitation (score range 0–68).", "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System __knowledge__ The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) provides clinicians and researchers access to reliable, valid, and flexible measures of health status that assess physical, mental, and social well–being from the patient perspective.", "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System __knowledge__ PROMIS measures are standardized, allowing for assessment of many patient-reported outcome domains—including pain, fatigue, emotional distress, physical functioning and social role participation—based on common metrics that allow for comparisons across domains, across chronic diseases, and with the general population.", "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System __knowledge__ Further, PROMIS tools allow for computer adaptive testing, efficiently achieving precise measurement of health status domains with few items.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ Constitutional litigation in South Africa is an area of the law in that country dealing with the rules and principles applicable to cases that involve constitutional matters.", "South African constitutional litigation __knowledge__ It examines the constitutional jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court, the High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal (and certain other specialist courts), and considers the various rules peculiar to these courts that are relevant to constitutional litigation, such as the admission of an \"amicus curiae\", the duty to raise a constitutional matter as early as possible in the proceedings, and the duty to join the relevant organ of state in a case involving a constitutional issue." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Physical disability __knowledge__ A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ They can be due to accidents, obesity, infection or other illnesses.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Mobility impairment includes physical defects, including upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or more organs of the body.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem, or a consequence of disease.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ The JavaScript standard library lacks an official standard text output function.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Given that JavaScript is mainly used for client-side scripting within modern Web browsers, and that almost all Web browsers provide the alert function, alert can also be used, but is not commonly used.", "JavaScript syntax __knowledge__ Brendan Eich summarized the ancestry of the syntax in the first paragraph of the JavaScript 1.1 specification as follows: JavaScript is case sensitive.", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ Jang Bo-ri is Here!", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ () is a 2014 South Korean weekend television drama series broadcast by MBC starring Oh Yeon-seo, Kim Ji-hoon, Lee Yoo-ri and Oh Chang-seok.", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ It premiered on April 5, 2014, airing every Saturday and Sunday at 20:40 for 52 episodes.", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ It won Drama of the Year at the 2014 MBC Drama Awards The events center around a renowned Hanbok-making house called Bi Sool Chae.", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ The Master Artisan of Bi Sool Chae, Kim Soo-Mi, focuses on preserving the traditions of Hanbok-making, including hand-dyeing and hand-sewing each garment.", "Jang Bo-ri is Here! __knowledge__ The Master Artisan lives with her two married sons in her traditional Korean estate.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms vary among people.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Often, symptoms include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Often babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl, or walk as early as other children of their age.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Other symptoms may include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, either of which occurs in about one third of people with CP.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ While the symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, the underlying problems do not worsen over time.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these.", "Disability __knowledge__ It substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is a contested concept, with different meanings for different communities.", "Disability __knowledge__ It may be used to refer to physical or mental attributes that some institutions, particularly medicine, view as needing to be fixed (the medical model).", "Disability __knowledge__ It may refer to limitations imposed on people by the constraints of an ableist society (the social model).", "Special education __knowledge__ Special education (also known as special needs education, aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the practice of educating students with special educational needs in a way that addresses their individual differences and needs.", "Special education __knowledge__ Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, and accessible settings.", "Special education __knowledge__ These interventions are designed to help individuals with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and in their community, that may not be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ The primary goals of stroke management are to reduce brain injury and promote maximum patient recovery.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ Rapid detection and appropriate emergency medical care are essential for optimizing health outcomes.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ When available, patients are admitted to an acute stroke unit for treatment.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ These units specialize in providing medical and surgical care aimed at stabilizing the patient's medical status.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ Standardized assessments are also performed to aid in the development of an appropriate care plan.", "Stroke recovery __knowledge__ Current research suggests that stroke units may be effective in reducing in-hospital fatality rates and the length of hospital stays.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology is an umbrella term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and also includes the process used in selecting, locating, and using them.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ People who have disabilities often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, or even with assistance.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ ADLs are self-care activities that include toileting, mobility (ambulation), eating, bathing, dressing and grooming.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology can ameliorate the effects of disabilities that limit the ability to perform ADLs.", "Assistive technology __knowledge__ Assistive technology promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty accomplishing, by providing enhancements to, or changing methods of interacting with, the technology needed to accomplish such tasks.", "Augmentative and alternative communication __knowledge__ Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an umbrella term that encompasses the communication methods used to supplement or replace speech or writing for those with impairments in the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.", "Augmentative and alternative communication __knowledge__ AAC is used by those with a wide range of speech and language impairments, including congenital impairments such as cerebral palsy, intellectual impairment and autism, and acquired conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.", "Augmentative and alternative communication __knowledge__ AAC can be a permanent addition to a person's communication or a temporary aid.", "Augmentative and alternative communication __knowledge__ Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for those who had lost the ability to speak following surgical procedures.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 () is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ In 1986, the National Council on Disability had recommended enactment of an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and drafted the first version of the bill which was introduced in the House and Senate in 1988." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Physical disability __knowledge__ A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Prenatal disabilities are acquired before birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may be due to diseases or substances that the mother has been exposed to during pregnancy, embryonic or fetal developmental accidents or genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Perinatal disabilities are acquired between some weeks before to up to four weeks after birth in humans.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These can be due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract, damage to the brain during birth (due to the accidental misuse of forceps, for example) or the baby being born prematurely.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders or accidents.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Post-natal disabilities are gained after birth.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ They can be due to accidents, obesity, infection or other illnesses.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ These may also be caused due to genetic disorders.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Mobility impairment includes physical defects, including upper or lower limb loss or impairment, poor manual dexterity, and damage to one or more organs of the body.", "Physical disability __knowledge__ Disability in mobility can be a congenital or acquired problem, or a consequence of disease.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these.", "Disability __knowledge__ It substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime.", "Disability __knowledge__ Disability is a contested concept, with different meanings for different communities.", "Disability __knowledge__ It may be used to refer to physical or mental attributes that some institutions, particularly medicine, view as needing to be fixed (the medical model).", "Disability __knowledge__ It may refer to limitations imposed on people by the constraints of an ableist society (the social model).", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ The modern disease theory of alcoholism states that problem drinking is sometimes caused by a disease of the brain, characterized by altered brain structure and function.", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ The American Medical Association (AMA) declared that alcoholism was an illness in 1956.", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ In 1991, the AMA further endorsed the dual classification of alcoholism by the International Classification of Diseases under both psychiatric and medical sections.", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism is a chronic problem.", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ However, if managed properly, damage to the brain can be stopped and to some extent reversed.", "Disease theory of alcoholism __knowledge__ In addition to problem drinking, the disease is characterized by symptoms including an impaired control over alcohol, compulsive thoughts about alcohol, and distorted thinking.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ European diseases and epidemics pervade many aspects of Native American life, both throughout history and in the present day.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ Diseases and epidemics can be chronicled from centuries ago when European settlers brought forth diseases that devastated entire tribes.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ This has even led to affect modern day Native Americans who continue to face serious struggles with particular diseases.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The current crises in diseases and epidemics are addressed by many different groups, both governmental and independent, and is done through a multitude of programs.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The arrival of Europeans also brought on the Columbian Exchange.", "Intellectual disability __knowledge__ Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.", "Intellectual disability __knowledge__ It is defined by an IQ score under 70 in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living.", "Intellectual disability __knowledge__ Once focused almost entirely on cognition, the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to individuals' functional skills in their environments.", "Intellectual disability __knowledge__ As a result of this focus on the person's abilities in practice, a person with an unusually low IQ may not be considered to have intellectually disability.", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ Four million people in Australia (18.5%) reported having a disability in 2009, according to the results of the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers.", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ Males and females were similarly affected by disability (18% and 19% respectively).", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ Just under one in five Australians (18.5%) reported disability in 2009.", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ A further 21% had a long-term health condition that did not restrict their everyday activities.", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ The remaining 60% of the Australian population had neither a disability nor a long term health condition.", "Disability in Australia __knowledge__ Of those with a reported disability, 87% had a specific limitation or restriction; that is, an impairment restricting their ability to perform communication, mobility or self-care activities, or a restriction associated with schooling or employment.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Problems may include an abnormal appearance, short height, low body weight, small head size, poor coordination, low intelligence, behavior problems, and problems with hearing or seeing.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Those affected are more likely to have trouble in school, legal problems, participate in high-risk behaviors, and have trouble with alcohol or other drugs.", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ The most severe form of the condition is known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).", "Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder __knowledge__ Other types include partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD).", "Prenatal care in the United States __knowledge__ Prenatal care in the United States is a health care provided to women also being a type of preventive care with the goal of providing regular check-ups that allow obstetricians-gynecologists or midwives to detect, treat and prevent potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy while promoting healthy lifestyles that benefit both mother and child.", "Prenatal care in the United States __knowledge__ Patients attend regular check-ups once every month during the first two trimesters and the number of appointments increase to once a week as the due date nears.", "Prenatal care in the United States __knowledge__ Check-ups consist of various tests to ensure that mother and child are healthy.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ These babies are known as preemies or premmies.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems, and sight problems.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ These risks are greater the earlier a baby is born.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ The cause of preterm birth is often not known.", "Preterm birth __knowledge__ Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, being pregnant with more than one baby, being either obese or underweight, a number of vaginal infections, tobacco smoking, and psychological stress, among others.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Prenatal memory, also called fetal memory, is important for the development of memory in humans.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Many factors can impair fetal memory and its functions, primarily maternal actions.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ There are multiple techniques available not only to demonstrate the existence of fetal memory but to measure it.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Fetal memory is vulnerable to certain diseases so much so that exposure can permanently damage the development of the fetus and even terminate the pregnancy by aborting the fetus.", "Prenatal memory __knowledge__ Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems.", "Maternal health __knowledge__ Maternal health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.", "Maternal health __knowledge__ It encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience in most cases and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in other cases.", "Maternal health __knowledge__ The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimated that 289,000 women died of pregnancy or childbirth related causes in 2013.", "Maternal health __knowledge__ These causes range from severe bleeding to obstructed labour, all of which have highly effective interventions.", "Maternal health __knowledge__ As women have gained access to family planning and skilled birth attendance with backup emergency obstetric care, the global maternal mortality ratio has fallen from 380 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 210 deals per 100,000 live births in 2013.", "Acquired characteristic __knowledge__ An acquired characteristic is a non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living biotic material caused after birth by disease, injury, accident, deliberate modification, variation, repeated use, disuse, or misuse, or other environmental influences.", "Acquired characteristic __knowledge__ Acquired traits, which is synonymous with acquired characteristics, are not passed on to offspring through reproduction alone.", "Acquired characteristic __knowledge__ The changes that constitute acquired characteristics can have many manifestations and degrees of visibility but they all have one thing in common: they change a facet of a living organisms' function or structure after the organism has left the womb.", "Prenatal testing __knowledge__ Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on detecting problems with the pregnancy as early as possible.", "Prenatal testing __knowledge__ These may be anatomic and physiologic problems with the health of the zygote, embryo, or fetus, either before gestation even starts (as in preimplantation genetic diagnosis) or as early in gestation as practicable.", "Prenatal testing __knowledge__ Screening can detect problems such as neural tube defects, chromosome abnormalities, and gene mutations that would lead to genetic disorders and birth defects, such as spina bifida, cleft palate, Downs Syndrome, Tay–Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and fragile X syndrome." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 3, 6 ]	[ "The limitation on a person's physical functioning can be very hard to live with.", "Because physical disabilities such as impairments limit facets of daily living :(", "In many cases it can be caused by alcoholism like in the case of Prenatal disabilities that are acquired before birth ", "Yes due to prolonged lack of oxygen or obstruction of the respiratory tract" ]	[ "Physical disability", "Physical disability", "Physical disability", "Physical disability" ]
[ "History of vegetarianism", "No way! I'm curious on this now... ", "I personally like meat, but power to them if they can do it! ", "So they were afraid they would run out of meat so refused to eat it or just refused to eat it because it is life?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Curious George __knowledge__ Curious George is the protagonist of a series of popular children's books by the same name, written by H. A. Rey and Margret Rey.", "Curious George __knowledge__ The books feature a brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by \"The Man with The Yellow Hat\" to live with him in a giant city.", "Curious George __knowledge__ When the first story, \"Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys\" was published in France in 1939, George was named Fifi.", "Curious George __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, George was originally called \"Zozo\" in 1941, apparently to avoid using the name of the then King George VI for a monkey.", "Curious George __knowledge__ Books featuring the adventures of Curious George have been translated from the original French into many other languages in addition to English.", "We The Curious __knowledge__ We The Curious (known until September 2017 as At-Bristol) is a science centre and charity in Bristol, England.", "We The Curious __knowledge__ The aim of We The Curious is \"to create a culture of curiosity.\"", "We The Curious __knowledge__ To achieve this, it displays interactive hands-on exhibits, produces shows and workshops for visitors from schools and for members of the public, and is also home of the UK's first 3D planetarium.", "We The Curious __knowledge__ As part of its charitable status, We The Curious has an extensive community engagement programme.", "We The Curious __knowledge__ In regular weekends throughout the year We The Curious hosts Hello!", "We The Curious __knowledge__ weekends for communities who are currently under-represented in their visitors while also providing a community membership for charities and groups working in and for the community.", "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time __knowledge__ The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is a 2003 mystery novel by British writer Mark Haddon.", "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time __knowledge__ Its title quotes the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes in Arthur Conan Doyle's 1892 short story \"Silver Blaze\".", "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time __knowledge__ Haddon and \"The Curious Incident\" won the Whitbread Book Awards for Best Novel and Book of the Year, the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book, and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.", "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time __knowledge__ Unusually, it was published simultaneously in separate editions for adults and children.", "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time __knowledge__ The novel is narrated in the first-person perspective by Christopher John Francis Boone, a 15-year-old boy who describes himself as \"a mathematician with some behavioural difficulties\" living in Swindon, Wiltshire.", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ Curious George is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941.", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a orphaned monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ The idea for Curious George came from an earlier Rey work, \"Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys\".", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ One of the characters in that story is Curious George.", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ Margret and Rey then decided to create a book entirely focused on Curious George, which was an instant success.", "Curious George (book) __knowledge__ However, Margret Rey's name did not appear on early copies of \"Curious George\" because the publisher felt that children's literature was too dominated by women.", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ Fast and Curious is the fourth studio album by American R&B recording artist Sy Smith, released on March 6, 2012 by Psyko!", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ Records.", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ The album was originally planned for a 2011 release.", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ However, the project was put on hiatus due to Smith wanting to record more material for the album and the 2011 Authenticity Tour with The Foreign Exchange.", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ The album's musical style ranges from 1970s-80s funk and acid jazz to house elements such as electronica and electronic soul.", "Fast and Curious __knowledge__ Synth instrumentation was employed in recording most of the tracks as part of Smith's vision of creating \"this big party going on in my head\".", "Professor Layton and the Curious Village __knowledge__ Professor Layton and the Curious Village is a puzzle adventure video game for the Nintendo DS system.", "Professor Layton and the Curious Village __knowledge__ It was developed by Level-5 and published by Level-5 in Japan and Nintendo worldwide.", "Professor Layton and the Curious Village __knowledge__ It was released in Japan during 2007, and in PAL regions and North America a year later in 2008.", "Professor Layton and the Curious Village __knowledge__ \"Curious Village\" is the first title in the \"Professor Layton\" series, directly followed by \"Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box\".", "Professor Layton and the Curious Village __knowledge__ The game centers on Professor Hershel Layton, and his self-styled apprentice, Luke Triton, investigating the fictional village of St. Mystere about an artifact known as the Golden Apple, an heirloom that the late Baron had left as a test to determine who would receive his fortune after his death.", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Curious (Yellow) was a pop, alternative rock band formed in 1987 by Swedish-born Karin Jansson, a singer-songwriter and guitarist, formerly of feminist punk band Pink Champagne.", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Curious (Yellow) had releases on Red Eye Records – an EP, \"I Am Curious\" and an album \"Charms and Blues\".", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Both were produced by Steve Kilbey of The Church, who was Jansson's domestic partner.", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ The band's name and that of their first release are references to the 1967 Swedish cult film \"I Am Curious (Yellow)\".", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Curious (Yellow) was formed in Sydney in 1987 by Karin Jansson as a pop, alternative rock band.", "Curious (Yellow) __knowledge__ Jansson was a guitarist in Swedish feminist punk band, Pink Champagne from 1979 to 1984.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ In an ancient context, recognized great powers came about first in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ A great power is a nation or state that, through its great economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence over not only its own region of the world, but beyond to others.", "List of ancient great powers __knowledge__ The historical terms \"Great Nation\", a distinguished aggregate of people inhabiting a particular country or territory, and \"Great Empire\", a considerable group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, are colloquial; their use is seen in ordinary historical conversations (historical jargon).", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Mesopotamian \"Code of Hammurabi\" (c. 1860 BC), which refers to it as an established institution, and it was common among ancient peoples.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations, because it is developed as a system of social stratification.", "History of slavery __knowledge__ Slavery was known in the very first civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia which dates back as far as 3500 BC, as well as in almost every other civilization.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Due to the multiple benefits from cattle, there are varying beliefs about cattle in societies and religions.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ In some regions, especially Nepal and most states of India, the slaughter of cattle is prohibited and their meat may be taboo.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Cattle are considered sacred in world religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and others.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Religions in ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Israel, ancient Rome, and ancient Germany held similar beliefs.", "Cattle in religion and mythology __knowledge__ Majority of scholars explain the veneration for cattle among Hindus in economic terms, which includes the importance of dairy in the diet, use of cow dung as fuel and fertilizer, and the importance that cattle have historically played in agriculture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Feng (mythology) __knowledge__ In Chinese mythology and folklore, Fēng (封, lit.", "Feng (mythology) __knowledge__ \"mound; hump\") was an edible monster that resembles a two-eyed lump of meat and magically grows back as fast as it is eaten.", "Feng (mythology) __knowledge__ Early Chinese texts also referred to this legendary food with the names Shìròu (視肉, \"look like meat\"), Ròuzhī (肉芝, \"meat excrescence\"), and Tàisuì (太歲, \"great year; Jupiter\").", "Feng (mythology) __knowledge__ Ròulíngzhī (肉靈芝, \"meat Lingzhi mushroom\") is a modern name popularized by Chinese news media reporting on purported discoveries of Feng throughout China, including a widely publicized Xi'an television reporter who misidentified a sex toy as a \"roulingzhi\" monster.", "Lady Gaga's meat dress __knowledge__ At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, American singer Lady Gaga wore a dress made of raw beef, which was commonly referred to by the media as the meat dress.", "Lady Gaga's meat dress __knowledge__ Designed by Franc Fernandez and styled by Nicola Formichetti, the dress was condemned by animal rights groups, and named by \"Time\" as the top fashion statement of 2010.", "Lady Gaga's meat dress __knowledge__ The press speculated on the originality of the meat dress idea, with comparisons made to similar images found in contemporary art and popular culture.", "Lady Gaga's meat dress __knowledge__ As with her other dresses, it was archived, but went on display in 2011 at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame after being preserved by taxidermists as a type of jerky.", "Salumeria Biellese __knowledge__ On 8th Avenue and 28th Street, in the Chelsea area of Manhattan, (NYC), two friends from Italy decided to open an Italian deli, ().", "Salumeria Biellese __knowledge__ A salumeria is a place where fresh meats are being processed and sold which are called \"Salumi\".", "Salumeria Biellese __knowledge__ In 1925 they opened the business and called it Italian Salumeria Biellese-Groceries and Charcuterie.", "Salumeria Biellese __knowledge__ They made many of the Italian dry cured salted meats such as salame (\"Cured or cooked stuffed in an intestine casing\"), capocollo (\"cured neck meat made spicy and non spicy\"), mortadella (\"Cooked, baloney like meat with large fat chunks\"), zampino (\"Cooked, salami like meat, stuffed in the pork skin of the leg casing rather than an intestine casing\"), testa (\"head cheese.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ Modified atmosphere is the practice of modifying the composition of the internal atmosphere of a package (commonly food packages, drugs, etc.)", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ in order to improve the shelf life.", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ The modification process often tries to lower the amount of oxygen (O), moving it from 20.9% to 0%, in order to slow down the growth of aerobic organisms and prevent oxidation reactions.", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ The removed oxygen can be replaced with nitrogen (N), a comparatively inert gas, or carbon dioxide (CO), which can lower the pH or inhibit the growth of bacteria.", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ Carbon monoxide can be used for preserving the red color of meat.", "Modified atmosphere __knowledge__ Re-balancing of gases inside the packaging can be achieved using active techniques such as gas flushing and compensated vacuum or passively by designing “breathable” films known as equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP).", "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters __knowledge__ The Sawyers (renamed the Hewitts in the reboot and its prequel) are a large, Southern American family of cannibalistic butchers and serial killers in \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\" franchise, who live in the Texas backwoods, where they abduct, torture, murder, and eat stranded motorists.", "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters __knowledge__ The family uses booby traps and man-traps, such as bear traps and spike traps, to capture or kill victims.", "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters __knowledge__ The family also owns a gas station, where they sell the meat from the victims as barbecue and chili.", "List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters __knowledge__ It has been confirmed in the crossover comic book series, \"Jason vs. Leatherface\", that the Sawyer family did engage in inbreeding, something that was heavily implied in .", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ Beyond Meat is a Los Angeles-based producer of plant-based meat substitute.", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ Beyond Meat's Products became available nationwide at Whole Foods Markets in 2013.", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ Beyond Meat was founded by CEO Ethan Brown in 2009.", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ The company has received venture funding from Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Obvious Corporation, Bill Gates, Biz Stone, the Humane Society and Tyson Foods.", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ CEO Ethan Brown founded Beyond Meat, formerly Savage River Inc., in 2009 to produce plant-based products that replicated meat and to attempt to eliminate \"some of the downsides\" of the meat industry in the process.", "Beyond Meat __knowledge__ The inspiration for Beyond Meat began for Brown in \"chicken country,\" where as a young boy he spent weekends on his family farm near the Pennsylvania border in rural Maryland.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ The Sefer ha-Chinuch (, \"Book of Education\"), often simply \"the Chinuch\" is a work which systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ It was published anonymously in 13th century Spain.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ The work's enumeration of the commandments (; sing.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ \"mitzvah\") is based upon Maimonides' system of counting as per his Sefer Hamitzvot; each is listed according to its appearance in the weekly Torah portion and the work is structured correspondingly.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ The \"Book of Education\" separately discusses each of the 613 commandments, both from a legal and a moral perspective.", "Sefer ha-Chinuch __knowledge__ For each, the discussion starts by linking the \"mitzvah\" to its Biblical source, and then addresses the philosophical underpinnings of the commandment (here, termed the \"\"shoresh\"\", or \"root\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire in late antiquity (4th-6th centuries), vegetarianism nearly disappeared from Europe.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Several orders of monks in medieval Europe restricted or banned the consumption of meat for ascetic reasons, but none of them abstained from the consumption of fish; these monks were not vegetarians, but some were pescetarians.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism was to reemerge somewhat in Europe during the Renaissance, and became a more widespread practice during the 19th and 20th centuries.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The figures for the percentage of the Western world which is vegetarian varies between 0.5% & 4% per Mintel data in September 2006.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, which the word Hellenistic was derived from.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science.", "Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks or Hellenes (, \"Éllines\" ) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.", "Greeks __knowledge__ They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The Greek language question (, \"to glossikó zítima\") was a dispute about whether the language of the Greek people (Demotic Greek) or a cultivated imitation of Ancient Greek (\"katharevousa\") should be the official language of the Greek nation.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ It was a highly controversial topic in the 19th and 20th centuries and was finally resolved in 1976, when Demotic was made the official language.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ The language phenomenon in question, which also occurs elsewhere in the world, is called diglossia.", "Greek language question __knowledge__ While Demotic was the vernacular of the Greeks, \"Katharevousa\" was an archaic and formal variant that was pronounced like Modern Greek, but it adopted both lexical and morphological features of Ancient Greek that the spoken language had lost over time." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]	[ "Do you know that vegetarianism dates back to civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece?", "Yes it is true, it's values are based on the practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal ", "if we look very well we will see that practice was done amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "No it was just out of value for life and it's connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals" ]	[ "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism", "History of vegetarianism" ]
[ "Tardiness\nit always seems like i cant make it anywhere on time due to traffic or something. do you have the same problem?", "ive heard youd be late for your own funeral, lol. i wonder why its so hard to show up on time sometimes?", "thats very interesting. tell me more?", "i never knew that. it should be like that everywhere, wouldnt you agree?", "very true. theres just never enough time in a day for me to be able to constantly be on time. " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Tardiness is the habit of being late or delaying arrival.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Being late as a form of misconduct may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ An opposite personality trait is punctuality.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Workplace tardiness is one of attendance issues, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Diana DeLonzor in her book \"Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged\" classified habitually tardy people into 7 categories: There are several stereotypes which associate tardiness with certain categories of people.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ African time is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ This is generally used in a pejorative and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events, but also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Track geometry is three-dimensional geometry of track layouts and associated measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of railroad tracks.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ The subject is used in the context of standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Although, the geometry of the tracks is three-dimensional by nature, the standards are usually expressed in two separate layouts for horizontal and vertical.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Horizontal layout is the track layout on the horizontal plane.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ This can be thought of as the plan view which is a view of a 3-dimensional track from the position above the track.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ This list is of characters featured in the \"Gaunt's Ghosts\" series of novels by Dan Abnett, which are set in the fictional \"Warhammer 40,000\" universe.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Biographical details are included.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Colonel-Commissar Ibram Gaunt is the commanding officer of the Tanith First-and-Only during the Sabbat Worlds Crusade.", "List of Gaunt's Ghosts characters __knowledge__ Not much is known of Gaunt's past prior to his training under Commissar-General Delane Oktar, but several flashbacks in \"First and Only\" tell enough to form a picture of his early years (according to the records, his mother died shortly after he was born and his father was killed in action by Orks on the planet Kentaur).", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ The CANT Z.1007 \"Alcione\" (\"Kingfisher\") was a three-engined medium bomber, with wooden structure.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ Designed by \"ingegner\" Filippo Zappata, who also designed the CANT Z.506 it had \"excellent flying characteristics and good stability\" and was regarded by some as \"the best Italian bomber of World War II\" although its wooden structure was easily damaged by the climate, as experienced in North Africa and in Russia.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ It was used by the Italian \"Regia Aeronautica\", Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force, \"Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana\" and \"Luftwaffe\" during World War II.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ In 1935, Filippo Zappata, the chief designer of the \"Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini\" (CANT), designed two medium bombers, the twin-engined CANT Z.1011 and the three-engined CANT Z.1007.", "Cant deficiency __knowledge__ The term \"cant deficiency\" is defined in the context of travel of a rail vehicle at constant speed on a constant radius curve.", "Cant deficiency __knowledge__ Cant itself is a British synonym for the superelevation of the curve, that is, the elevation of the outside rail minus the elevation of the inside rail.", "Cant deficiency __knowledge__ Cant deficiency is present when a vehicle's speed on a curve is greater than the speed at which the components of wheel to rail force are normal to the plane of the track.", "Cant deficiency __knowledge__ In that case, the resultant force (aggregated force of gravitational force and centrifugal force) exerts the outside rail more than the inside rails, in which it creates lateral acceleration toward outside of the curve.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Japanese anime series \"Bakugan Battle Brawlers\".", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Daniel \"Dan\" Kuso (known in the Japanese version as is the main human protagonist in the series, who, is 12 years old in the first season, 15 in New Vestroia, 16 in Gundalian Invaders, and 17 in Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In the beginning he is ranked #121, and by episode 39, he is ranked #1, and has become ranked #4 or under in episode 6 of Mechtanium Surge.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ In \"New Vestroia\", Dan returns to New Vestroia to help Drago save the world from the invading Vestals.", "List of Bakugan Battle Brawlers characters __knowledge__ Despite having just been introduced to the new Brawling system, Dan manages to get the hang of it before he battles his way into the Resistance by tying with Ace." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Tardiness is the habit of being late or delaying arrival.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Being late as a form of misconduct may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ An opposite personality trait is punctuality.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Workplace tardiness is one of attendance issues, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Diana DeLonzor in her book \"Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged\" classified habitually tardy people into 7 categories: There are several stereotypes which associate tardiness with certain categories of people.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ African time is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ This is generally used in a pejorative and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events, but also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Sir Jonathan Paul \"Jony\" Ive, (born 27 February 1967), is an English industrial designer who is currently the chief design officer (CDO) of Apple and chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ While working for a design firm in London he was asked by Apple, then a struggling company, to create a look for a new laptop.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ He took the design to Apple and was hired immediately.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive oversees the Apple Industrial Design Group and also provides leadership and direction for Human Interface software teams across the company.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive is the designer of many of Apple's hardware and software products.", "Jonathan Ive __knowledge__ Ive has received a number of accolades for his work.", "John Christopher __knowledge__ Sam Youd (16 April 1922 – 3 February 2012), known professionally as Christopher Samuel Youd, was a British writer, best known for science fiction under the pseudonym John Christopher, including the novels \"The Death of Grass\", \"The Possessors\", and the young-adult novel series \"The Tripods\".", "John Christopher __knowledge__ He won the Guardian Prize in 1971 and the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1976.", "John Christopher __knowledge__ Youd also wrote under variations of his own name and under the pseudonyms Stanley Winchester, Hilary Ford, William Godfrey, William Vine, Peter Graaf, Peter Nichols, and Anthony Rye.", "John Christopher __knowledge__ Sam Youd was born in Huyton, Lancashire (though Youd is an old Cheshire surname).", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Umueze Anam is a community in Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ It is said that Umueze Anam was founded by one hunter from Amadioba Nteje known as Nwavor in the 17th century.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ As a hunter, he used to hunt for game around the Omambala River when he found a peaceful peninsula across the river and settled there.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ Nwavor was accused of having a hand in the death of his archrival a kinsman of his and in other to free himself from the accusation decided to leave Nteje and settle at Odah.", "Umueze Anam __knowledge__ He first arrived at a place called Odah Anam where he found a lot of wildlife and fertile land for agricultural purposes.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ T. Leslie Youd is an American geotechnical engineer and earthquake engineer, and is one of the pre-eminent expert researchers on soil liquefaction and ground failure.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ He has gained an international reputation in this field.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ He currently lives in Orem, Utah.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ T. Leslie Youd received his BES in civil engineering from Brigham Young University in 1964.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ He then attended Iowa State University where he received his PhD in civil engineering in 1967.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ He performed post doctoral study in soil mechanics and engineering seismology from 1975 to 1976 at Imperial College of Science and Technology in London.", "T. Leslie Youd __knowledge__ Youd's research has been primarily concerned with the phenomenon of soil liquefaction, and the associated \"lateral spreading\" which can occur.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Christopher Russell Edward Squire (4March 1948 – 27June 2015) was an English musician, singer and songwriter.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ He was best known as the bassist and a founding member of the progressive rock band Yes.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Prior to his death in 2015, he was the only constant member in the band, having appeared on every studio album released from 1969 to 2014.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Born in Kingsbury, London, Squire took an early interest in church music and sang in the local church and school choirs.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ After he took up the bass guitar at age sixteen, his earliest gigs were in 1964 for the Selfs, which later evolved into the Syn.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ In 1968, Squire formed Yes with singer Jon Anderson; he would remain the band's sole bassist for the next 47 years.", "Drama (Yes album) __knowledge__ Drama is the tenth studio album by the English rock band Yes, released on 18 August 1980 by Atlantic Records.", "Drama (Yes album) __knowledge__ It is their only album to feature Trevor Horn as lead vocalist, and the first with keyboardist Geoff Downes, following the departures of Jon Anderson and Rick Wakeman in March 1980 after unsuccessful recording sessions for a new album in Paris and London; Horn and Downes also formed the new wave duo The Buggles together, and had recently released the international hit \"Video Killed the Radio Star\".", "Drama (Yes album) __knowledge__ \"Drama\" was recorded in a short amount of time as a tour was already booked prior to the change in personnel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Tardiness is the habit of being late or delaying arrival.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Being late as a form of misconduct may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ An opposite personality trait is punctuality.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Workplace tardiness is one of attendance issues, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Diana DeLonzor in her book \"Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged\" classified habitually tardy people into 7 categories: There are several stereotypes which associate tardiness with certain categories of people.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ African time is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ This is generally used in a pejorative and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events, but also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "The Runners __knowledge__ The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew \"Dru Brett\" Harr and Jermaine \"Mayne Zayne\" Jackson.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They came together to form the team in 2000, but they have known each other since they were in kindergarten.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They both have been influenced their entire lives by producers Timbaland and The Neptunes.", "The Runners __knowledge__ Their trademark is an exhale sound effect ringing \"Ahhh\" at the beginning of their songs.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They are best known for producing the hit singles \"Go Hard\" and \"Hustlin'\", by rappers DJ Khaled and Rick Ross respectively.", "The Runners __knowledge__ They have produced songs for artists like Keyshia Cole Kevin Cossom Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Trip Lee, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Justin Bieber, Fabolous and Usher.", "Joseph: King of Dreams __knowledge__ Joseph: King of Dreams is a 2000 American animated biblical musical drama film and the only direct-to-video release from DreamWorks Animation.", "Joseph: King of Dreams __knowledge__ The film is an adaptation of the story of Joseph from the Book of Genesis in the Bible and serves as a prequel to the 1998 film \"The Prince of Egypt\".", "Joseph: King of Dreams __knowledge__ Composer Daniel Pelfrey said \"the film was designed as a companion piece to \"Prince of Egypt\"...Of course, Joseph turned out to be very different than \"Prince of Egypt\", [nevertheless] very challenging and rewarding\".", "Joseph: King of Dreams __knowledge__ Co-director Robert Ramirez has said that whilst the reviews for the film had \"generally been very good\" there was a period \"when the film was not working very well, when the storytelling was heavy-handed\" and \"klunky\".", "Zosia March __knowledge__ Zosia March (also Valentine) is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\", played by actress Camilla Arfwedson.", "Zosia March __knowledge__ She first appeared in the series fifteen episode \"The Kick Inside\", broadcast on 10 September 2013.", "Zosia March __knowledge__ Zosia arrives at Holby City hospital to start her first year of the Foundation Programme.", "Zosia March __knowledge__ Zosia has vested interest in psychiatry and has worked on both Darwin and Keller wards mentored by Elliot Hope (Paul Bradley) and Sacha Levy (Bob Barrett) respectively.", "Zosia March __knowledge__ She is characterised as a forthright, intelligent and unafraid to challenge the hospital hierarchy.", "Zosia March __knowledge__ The show soon introduced Zosia's estranged father, Guy Self (John Michie).", "The New Classic __knowledge__ The New Classic is the debut studio album by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea.", "The New Classic __knowledge__ It was released on 21 April 2014, by Def Jam Recordings in United States, Virgin EMI in United Kingdom and affiliated record labels in other countries.", "The New Classic __knowledge__ Azalea came to prominence, after releasing her debut mixtape \"Ignorant Art\" and subsequently aligning herself with American rapper T.I.", "The New Classic __knowledge__ and his Hustle Gang imprint.", "The New Classic __knowledge__ Azalea first mentioned plans for the album in December 2011, but after numerous delays and label conflicts, Azalea eventually secured herself a record contract through Island Def Jam Music Group (now defunct).", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ Shone Tell (Born June 20, 1970) is an entrepreneur and the founder of the biggest online classifieds marketplace for used goods in Israel, he is the chairman of \"Tell Holdings\" who invest in startups from the internet industry.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ According to Globs, in 2008 the American company Tiger Global Management contact Shone with an offer to buy 49% of Yad2 for valuation of 25 million dollars.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ Tell accepted the offer.", "Shone Tell __knowledge__ According to Calcalist, In 2010 after long discussions Tell sold another 26% of Yad2 to walla.co.il which is a subsidiary of Bezeq the telecommunication, he became to be chairman and recruit Yaniv Gil-More to be the company CEO.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ Lily Chao is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Casualty\", played by actress Crystal Yu.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ She first appeared in the series twenty-eight episode \"Bedside Manners\", broadcast on 3 August 2013.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ Lily arrives at Holby City hospital to resume her second year of the Foundation Programme.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ Yu had previously appeared in the show as a separate guest character.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ She also decided to learn certain medical procedures to make her character believable.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ Lily is characterised as an ambitious junior doctor and intelligent high-achiever.", "Lily Chao __knowledge__ Lily is good at her job but lacks any \"bedside manner\" and her no-nonsense attitude causes problems with colleagues and patients alike.", "African time __knowledge__ African time or Africa time is the perceived cultural tendency, in parts of Africa and the Caribbean toward a more relaxed attitude to time.", "African time __knowledge__ This is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, about tardiness in appointments, meetings and events.", "African time __knowledge__ This also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "African time __knowledge__ As such, it is similar to time orientations in some other non-Western culture regions.", "African time __knowledge__ Within Britain, African time is also known as black people's time or Caribbean time, from the immigration of Afro-Caribbeans.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Thabo Mbeki __knowledge__ Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the second post-apartheid President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.", "Thabo Mbeki __knowledge__ On 20 September 2008, with about nine months left in his second term, Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the National Executive Committee of the ANC, following a conclusion by judge C. R. Nicholson of improper interference in the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), including the prosecution of Jacob Zuma for corruption.", "Thabo Mbeki __knowledge__ On 12 January 2009, the Supreme Court of Appeal unanimously overturned judge Nicholson's judgment but the resignation stood.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ Le ravissement de Lol V. Stein is a novel written by Marguerite Duras and published in France by Gallimard in 1964.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was translated by Richard Seaver and published as \"The Ravishing of Lol Stein\" in the US by Grove Press in 1966.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ The text was also translated by Eileen Ellenbogen in the UK as \"The rapture of Lol V. Stein\" for Hamish Hamilton in 1967.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ At the beginning of the novel, Lol Stein (her middle initial is omitted in the English translation) is a woman in her thirties.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ She was born and raised in South Tahla in a bourgeois family and is engaged to Michael Richardson at 19.", "The Ravishing of Lol Stein __knowledge__ However, at a ball in the seaside resort of Town Beach, Michael Richardson leaves Lol for Anne-Marie Stretter, an older woman." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Tardiness is the habit of being late or delaying arrival.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Being late as a form of misconduct may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ An opposite personality trait is punctuality.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Workplace tardiness is one of attendance issues, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Diana DeLonzor in her book \"Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged\" classified habitually tardy people into 7 categories: There are several stereotypes which associate tardiness with certain categories of people.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ African time is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ This is generally used in a pejorative and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events, but also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ I Never Knew You is the second extended play by American rapper Cage.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ Released by Adult Swim and Definitive Jux, the EP was released to promote Cage's album \"Depart from Me\" and the first music video from that album, \"I Never Knew You\", and contained four exclusive tracks.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The title track, \"I Never Knew You\", appeared on the album \"Depart from Me\".", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew You\" was initially released as a free digital download, but has since been released through digital stores.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The EP was released in conjunction with the release of a music video for \"I Never Knew You\" directed by Shia LaBeouf.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The video features actor Dan Byrd following a woman played by Scarlett Kapella.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) is the twenty fourth studio album by American country music artist, Connie Smith.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The album was released in August 1974 on Columbia Records and was produced by Ray Baker.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The title track became the album's lead single.", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before)\" contained eleven tracks (as did her past three albums for the Columbia label), including cover versions of Harlan Howard's \"The Key's in the Mailbox\" and Tom T. Hall's \"Never Having You.\"", "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before) __knowledge__ The album was recorded at the Columbia Recording Studio in Nashville, Tennessee in 1974 and was her second and final album that was released that year.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the police drama \"The Bill\" ordered alphabetically by character surname.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ For a full list of characters ordered by rank, see list of \"The Bill\" characters.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ The characters are all police officers or civilian staff at the fictional Sun Hill police station in London.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ PC Francis \"Taffy\" Edwards was known as the 'thin streak of Welsh misery'.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ A quiet country boy who hailed from a poor farming family near Bangor, he sometimes struggled to adapt to city life.", "List of The Bill characters (E–L) __knowledge__ Edwards was extremely lazy, often thinking up ingenious ways to avoid having to do serious work – but he had an infectious charm and was popular amongst the relief.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "African time __knowledge__ African time or Africa time is the perceived cultural tendency, in parts of Africa and the Caribbean toward a more relaxed attitude to time.", "African time __knowledge__ This is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, about tardiness in appointments, meetings and events.", "African time __knowledge__ This also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "African time __knowledge__ As such, it is similar to time orientations in some other non-Western culture regions.", "African time __knowledge__ Within Britain, African time is also known as black people's time or Caribbean time, from the immigration of Afro-Caribbeans.", "British National Party __knowledge__ The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right and fascist political party in the United Kingdom.", "British National Party __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Wigton, Cumbria, and its current leader is Adam Walker.", "British National Party __knowledge__ A minor party, it currently has one councillor in UK local government.", "British National Party __knowledge__ During its heyday in the 2000s, it had over fifty seats in local government, one seat on the London Assembly, and two Members of the European Parliament.", "British National Party __knowledge__ The BNP was formed in 1982 by John Tyndall and other former members of the National Front (NF).", "British National Party __knowledge__ By Tyndall's admission, it remained ideologically identical to the NF, and took its name from that of a defunct 1960s party.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ She is also the only former First Lady of the United States to become a member of the United States Cabinet.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Within a week after the November 4, 2008, presidential election, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration.", "Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State __knowledge__ Clinton later related, \"He said I want you to be my secretary of state.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ The culture of Australia is a Western culture, derived primarily from Britain but also influenced by the unique geography of Australia, the diverse input of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and other Australian people.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ The British colonization of Australia began in 1788, and waves of multi-ethnic migration followed.", "Culture of Australia __knowledge__ Evidence of a significant Anglo-Celtic heritage includes the predominance of the English language, the existence of a democratic system of government drawing upon the British traditions of Westminster Government, Parliamentarianism and constitutional monarchy, American constitutionalist and federalist traditions, Christianity as the dominant religion, and the popularity of sports originating in (or influenced by) the British Isles.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ The effects of stress on memory include interference with a person's capacity to encode memory and the ability to retrieve information.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ During times of stress, the body reacts by secreting stress hormones into the bloodstream.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs memory, but in a few cases can enhance it.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ In particular, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala are affected.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ One class of stress hormone responsible for negatively affecting memory is the glucocorticoids (GCs), the most notable of which is cortisol." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Tardiness is the habit of being late or delaying arrival.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Being late as a form of misconduct may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ An opposite personality trait is punctuality.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Workplace tardiness is one of attendance issues, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ Diana DeLonzor in her book \"Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged\" classified habitually tardy people into 7 categories: There are several stereotypes which associate tardiness with certain categories of people.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ African time is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad.", "Tardiness __knowledge__ This is generally used in a pejorative and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events, but also includes the more leisurely, relaxed, and less rigorously-scheduled lifestyle found in African countries, especially as opposed to the more clock-bound pace of daily life in Western countries.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Little Star () is a 2010 horror/drama novel written by John Ajvide Lindqvist.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ It is named after \"Lilla stjärna\", the Swedish entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 1958 held in Hilversum, the Netherlands.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ In 1992, a musician named Lennart finds in the woods an infant left for dead.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He takes her to his wife, Laila, and the two raise the child in secrecy, believing that her catatonic and trance-like state will result in her being perceived as mentally ill. Their adult son, Jerry, frequently visits the child, whom he names Theres.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ Lennart becomes obsessed with Theres due to her angelic voice.", "Little Star (novel) __knowledge__ He convinces her never to leave the house by telling her that the world is full of \"big people\" who want to eat up the \"little people,\" like her.", "Music of Final Fantasy XV __knowledge__ The music for the video game \"Final Fantasy XV\", developed and published by Square Enix as the fifteenth mainline entry in the \"Final Fantasy\" series, was composed primarily by Yoko Shimomura.", "Music of Final Fantasy XV __knowledge__ Having previously worked on the \"Kingdom Hearts\" series, among various other titles, \"Final Fantasy XV\" was her first project for the series.", "Music of Final Fantasy XV __knowledge__ Shimomura was brought on board the project in 2006, when it was a spin-off title called \"Final Fantasy Versus XIII\", and stayed in her role during the game's ten-year development cycle.", "Music of Final Fantasy XV __knowledge__ Her music, based around themes of \"friendship\" and \"filial bonds\", incorporates multiple musical genres including Shimomura's classical style, Bossa nova and American Blues.", "Never Enough Time __knowledge__ Never Enough Time is an album by Nate Borofsky, now of Girlyman, released on October 1, 2000 by Finocchio Records.", "Never Enough Time __knowledge__ \"Viola\" later appeared on Girlyman's debut album, \"Remember Who I Am\".", "Never Enough Time __knowledge__ All songs by Nate Borofsky except \"Never Enough Time\" by Nate Borofsky and Summer Pierre.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Hampshire County Cricket Club in 2005 __knowledge__ Hampshire County Cricket Club played their cricket in Division One of both the County Championship and the National League in 2005.", "Hampshire County Cricket Club in 2005 __knowledge__ They started the season at 10–1 odds to win the Championship.", "Hampshire County Cricket Club in 2005 __knowledge__ With the first eleven including seven players who had represented their country at Test or ODIs at the end of the season, they nearly won the County Championship, beating eventual County Champions Nottinghamshire both home and away, and ended with the same win-loss record as Notts.", "Hampshire County Cricket Club in 2005 __knowledge__ However, with two bonus points less and half a point deducted due to a slow over rate against Sussex in July, they finished behind – something that had been apparent the week before the Championship ended.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Piracy was a phenomenon that was not limited to the Caribbean region.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Golden Age pirates roamed off the coast of North America, Africa and the Caribbean.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Pirates and sailors are important in understanding how the Atlantic world looked and worked.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ Defying traditional alliances, attacking and capturing merchant vessels of all nations, pirates wreaked havoc on an emerging economic system, disrupted trade routes and created a crisis within an increasingly important system of trade centered on the Atlantic world.", "Piracy in the Atlantic World __knowledge__ They were ready and willing participants in the exchange of people, ideas, and commodities around the Atlantic basin affecting the creation and destruction of communities.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent vary by jurisdiction across Europe.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The ages of consent are currently set between 14 and 18.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The vast majority of countries set their ages in the range of 14 to 16; only five countries, Cyprus (17), Ireland (17), Malta (18), Turkey (18) and Vatican City (18), do not fit into this pattern.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The laws can also stipulate the specific activities that are permitted or differentially specify the age at which a given sex can participate.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ Below is a discussion of the various laws dealing with this subject.", "Ages of consent in Europe __knowledge__ The highlighted age is that at which, or above which, an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is also at or above that age.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Apostasy in Islam __knowledge__ Apostasy in Islam ( ' or ') is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed.", "Apostasy in Islam __knowledge__ It includes the act of converting to another religion or rejection of faith to be irreligious, by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who had previously accepted Islam.", "Apostasy in Islam __knowledge__ The definition of apostasy from Islam, and whether and how it should be punished are matters of controversy – Islamic scholars differ in their opinions on these questions.", "Apostasy in Islam __knowledge__ Apostasy in Islam includes within its scope not only the wilful renunciation of Islam by a Muslim through a declaration of renunciation of the Islamic faith (whether for another religion or irreligiosity), or (in the absence of a declaration) by specific deed of undergoing the rites of conversion into another religion, but also even denying, or merely questioning, any \"fundamental tenet or creed\" of Islam, such as the divinity of God, prophethood of Muhammad, or mocking God, or worshipping one or more idols.", "Legality of child pornography __knowledge__ The legality of child pornography is explicitly addressed in 94 of the 187 Interpol member states as of 2008, according to research performed by the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) Koons Family Institute on International Law and Policy.", "Legality of child pornography __knowledge__ Of those 94 countries, 58 criminalized possession of child pornography regardless of intent to distribute.", "Legality of child pornography __knowledge__ This figure does not count legislation outlawing all pornography; figures that also include non-specific bans on all pornography would therefore be higher if available.", "Legality of child pornography __knowledge__ Convictions for possessing child pornography also usually include prison sentences, but those sentences are often converted to probation for first-time offenders.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Knife legislation is defined as the body of statutory law or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, or use of knives.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ The carrying of knives in public is forbidden or restricted by law in many countries.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ Exceptions may be made for hunting knives, pocket knives, and knives used for work-related purposes (chef's knives, etc.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ ), depending upon the laws of a given jurisdiction.", "Knife legislation __knowledge__ In turn, the carrying or possessing of certain type of knives perceived as deadly or offensive weapons such as automatic or switchblade knives or butterfly knives may be restricted or prohibited.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ South African criminal law is the body of national law relating to crime in South Africa.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In the definition of Van der Walt \"et al\", a crime is \"conduct which common or statute law prohibits and expressly or impliedly subjects to punishment remissible by the state alone and which the offender cannot avoid by his own act once he has been convicted.\"", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ Crime involves the infliction of harm against society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ The function or object of criminal law is to provide a social mechanism with which to coerce members of society to abstain from conduct that is harmful to the interests of society.", "South African criminal law __knowledge__ In South Africa, as in most adversarial legal systems, the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction is proof beyond a reasonable doubt." ] ]	[ 1, 9, 48, 2, 21 ]	[ "Yes I seem to have the habit of being late a lot!", "I'm not sure but in Africa it's called \"African time\" to be late because they tend to be more laid back about being on time. lol", "It's a perceived cultural tendency in Africa and some of the Caribbean to have a more relaxed attitude to time. They must have less stress!", "Yes I agree but unfortunately sometimes it may be formally punishable in certain places like work and school.", "Speaking of which, \"Never Enough Time\" is an album by Nate Borofsky." ]	[ "Tardiness", "Tardiness", "Tardiness", "Tardiness", "Tardiness" ]
[ "Frank Sinatra", "oh he was amazing", "yea he was crazy good at what he did." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of \"From Here to Eternity\", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including \"In the Wee Small Hours\" (1955), \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\"", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ (1956), \"Come Fly with Me\" (1958), \"Only the Lonely\" (1958) and \"Nice 'n' Easy\" (1960)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of \"From Here to Eternity\", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including \"In the Wee Small Hours\" (1955), \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\"", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ (1956), \"Come Fly with Me\" (1958), \"Only the Lonely\" (1958) and \"Nice 'n' Easy\" (1960).", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ \"Amazing\" was published, with some interruptions, for almost eighty years, going through a half-dozen owners and many editors as it struggled to be profitable.", "Amazing Stories __knowledge__ Gernsback was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of the magazine in 1929, and by 1938 it was purchased by Ziff-Davis, who hired Raymond A. Palmer as editor.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ \"Amazing Grace\" is a Christian hymn published in 1779, with words written by the English poet and Anglican clergyman John Newton (1725–1807).", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ Newton wrote the words from personal experience.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ He grew up without any particular religious conviction, but his life's path was formed by a variety of twists and coincidences that were often put into motion by his recalcitrant insubordination.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ He was pressed (conscripted) into service in the Royal Navy, and after leaving the service, he became involved in the Atlantic slave trade.", "Amazing Grace __knowledge__ In 1748, a violent storm battered his vessel off the coast of County Donegal, Ireland, so severely that he called out to God for mercy, a moment that marked his spiritual conversion.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ \"My Oh My\" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1983 as the second single from the band's eleventh studio album \"The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome\", and in 1984 as the second single from the album's US counterpart \"Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply\".", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by John Punter.", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ It reached No.", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ 2 in the UK and was also the band's second Top 40 hit in America, where it reached No.", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ 37.", "My Oh My (Slade song) __knowledge__ Having recorded much of \"The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome\" in 1982, Slade's label RCA felt the album lacked chart potential and in the effort to amend that, RCA suggested the band work with producer John Punter.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends\" characters.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Peter Parker (Spider-Man), Bobby Drake (Iceman), and Angelica Jones (Firestar) are all college students at Empire State University.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ After working together to defeat the Beetle and recovering the \"Power Booster\" he stole from Tony Stark (a.k.a.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Iron Man, who rewards them with the advanced computer systems seen in several episodes and the opening titles) the trio decide to team-up permanently as the \"Spider-Friends\".", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ They live together in Peter's Aunt May's home with her and a pet dog, Ms.", "List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters __knowledge__ Lion, a Lhasa Apso, who often acts as comic relief.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim is a 1967 album by Frank Sinatra and Antônio Carlos Jobim.", "Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ The tracks were arranged and conducted by Claus Ogerman, accompanied by a studio orchestra.", "Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ Along with Jobim's original compositions, the album features three standards from the 'Great American Songbook, (\"Change Partners\", \"I Concentrate on You\", and \"Baubles, Bangles and Beads\") arranged in the bossa nova style.", "Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ Sinatra and Jobim followed up this album with sessions for a second collaboration, titled \"Sinatra-Jobim\".", "Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ That album was briefly released on 8-track tape in 1970 before being taken out of print at Sinatra's behest, due to concerns over its sales potential.", "Early life of Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915.", "Early life of Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He grew up in a tenement with his parents, who had emigrated from Italy.", "Early life of Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the only child of Italian immigrants Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra.", "Early life of Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ The couple had eloped on Valentine's Day, 1913, and were married at the city hall in Jersey City, New Jersey; they later got remarried in a church.", "Early life of Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra weighed at birth and had to be with the aid of forceps, which caused severe scarring to his left cheek, neck, and ear, and perforated his ear drum, damage that remained for life.", "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy __knowledge__ Frank Sinatra's musical career began in the swing era in 1935, and ended in 1995.", "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy __knowledge__ Sinatra's vocal style represented a strong departure from the \"crooning\" style of his idol, Bing Crosby.", "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy __knowledge__ Sinatra's generation represented the first generation of children that had grown up in the era of the microphone, and the amplification of sound enabled singers to sing in a much softer, personal and nuanced style.", "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy __knowledge__ However Sinatra, as he himself once noted, \"sang more\", by which he meant that he introduced a bel canto sound to the tradition begun by Crosby.", "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy __knowledge__ And, more importantly, he might be said to have brought the Crosby tradition to artistic completion, taking it to levels of intensity and depth of feeling that, because of the displacement of the Crosby – Sinatra tradition by rock and roll and subsequent genres, are unlikely to be achieved again.", "Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim (January 25, 1927December 8, 1994), also known as Tom Jobim (), was a Brazilian composer, pianist, songwriter, arranger and singer.", "Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ Widely considered as one of the great exponents of Brazilian music, Jobim is the artist who internationalized bossa nova and, with the help of important American artists, merged it with jazz to standardize in the 1960s a new sound whose popular success was very remarkable.", "Antônio Carlos Jobim __knowledge__ He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within Brazil and internationally.", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ Dolly Sinatra (born Natalina Maria Vittoria Garaventa; December 26, 1896 – January 6, 1977) was the mother of American singer Frank Sinatra.", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ She was born in Lumarzo (Province of Genoa), in northern Italy; she immigrated to the United States when she was two months old.", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ When she was a child, her pretty face earned her the nickname \"Dolly\".", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ Dolly married Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra in 1913, and in 1915 the couple's only child, Frank Sinatra, was born.", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ Dolly was influential in the Sinatras' neighborhood in Hoboken, New Jersey, where they later operated a tavern during Prohibition.", "Dolly Sinatra __knowledge__ She became involved in politics and worked as a midwife.", "Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing was a television special starring Frank Sinatra, Diahann Carroll and The 5th Dimension recorded in November 1968 and broadcast on NBC.", "Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing __knowledge__ The title references Sinatra's attempts at engaging with the youth culture of the late 1960s.", "Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing __knowledge__ Don Costa was the bandleader.", "Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing __knowledge__ This special was nominated for an \"Emmy\" for Outstanding Comedy, Variety or Musical Special.", "Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing __knowledge__ Sinatra made the cover of \"TV Guide\" who featured this special in their Nov. '68 edition All songs performed by Frank Sinatra unless otherwise noted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of \"From Here to Eternity\", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including \"In the Wee Small Hours\" (1955), \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\"", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ (1956), \"Come Fly with Me\" (1958), \"Only the Lonely\" (1958) and \"Nice 'n' Easy\" (1960).", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ The \"Rave Master\" manga and anime series features an extensive cast of characters created by Hiro Mashima.", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe that exists as a parallel world where vast numbers of humans as well as species known as sentenoids and demonoids fight using weapons, magic and evil artifacts known as Dark Bring (Shadow Stone in the anime's English dub).", "List of Rave Master characters __knowledge__ One of the most primary users of the artifact known as Dark Bring is an evil terrorist organization known as Demon Card (Shadow Guard in the anime's English dub) which plans to use it to take over the world and bring it into darkness.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Hoboken, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hoboken ( ; Unami: \"Hupokàn\") is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Hoboken, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census.", "Hoboken, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the region.", "Hoboken, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century.", "Hoboken, New Jersey __knowledge__ During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood.", "History of painting __knowledge__ The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures.", "History of painting __knowledge__ It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, that continues into the 21st century.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.", "History of painting __knowledge__ Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 3 ]	[ "Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer ", "He was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants," ]	[ "Frank Sinatra", "Frank Sinatra", "Frank Sinatra" ]
[ "India", "I don't but i know its the second most populous country in the world, and they are good with IT", "I am not sure you tell me but I like their food alot, you will be shocked at the number of Indian restaurants in the USA these days ", "Good info, I also learnt that it's history date as far back as 30,000 years ago is that true?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "India __knowledge__ India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhārat Gaṇarājya\"), is a country in South Asia.", "India __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.", "India __knowledge__ It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.", "India __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east.", "India __knowledge__ In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.", "India __knowledge__ India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "India __knowledge__ The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE.", "India __knowledge__ In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed.", "India __knowledge__ Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose.", "India __knowledge__ Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as Southeast Asia.", "India __knowledge__ In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "India __knowledge__ India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhārat Gaṇarājya\"), is a country in South Asia.", "India __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.", "India __knowledge__ It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.", "India __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east.", "India __knowledge__ In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.", "India __knowledge__ India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "India __knowledge__ The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE.", "India __knowledge__ In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed.", "India __knowledge__ Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose.", "India __knowledge__ Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as Southeast Asia.", "India __knowledge__ In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ Nigeria has been home to a number of kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia.", "Nigeria __knowledge__ The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914.", "France __knowledge__ France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.", "France __knowledge__ The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean.", "France __knowledge__ The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.", "France __knowledge__ The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of which, as of October 2017, has a population of 67.15 million people.", "Germany __knowledge__ Germany (; , ), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe.", "Germany __knowledge__ It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate.", "Germany __knowledge__ With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union.", "Germany __knowledge__ After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world.", "Germany __knowledge__ Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, with its main centres of Dortmund and Essen.", "Germany __knowledge__ The country's other major cities are Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf, Leipzig, Bremen, Dresden, Hannover and Nuremberg.", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Albania (, ), is a country in Southeastern Europe.", "Albania __knowledge__ It spans and had a total population of 3 million people .", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic with the capital in Tirana, the country's most populous city and main economic and commercial centre, followed by Durrës.", "Albania __knowledge__ The country's other major cities include Vlorë, Sarandë, Shkodër, Berat, Korçë, Gjirokastër and Fier.", "Albania __knowledge__ Albania is in the southwestern portion of the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast.", "France in the long nineteenth century __knowledge__ The history of France from 1789 to 1914 (the long 19th century) extends from the French Revolution to World War I and includes: At the time of the French Revolution, France had expanded to nearly the modern territorial limits.", "France in the long nineteenth century __knowledge__ The 19th century would complete the process by the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the city of Nice (first during the First Empire, and then definitively in 1860) and some small papal (like Avignon) and foreign possessions.", "France in the long nineteenth century __knowledge__ France's territorial limits were greatly extended during the Empire through Revolutionary and Napoleonic military conquests and re-organization of Europe, but these were reversed by the Vienna Congress.", "Southeast Asia __knowledge__ Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.", "Southeast Asia __knowledge__ Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and Indian Ocean.", "Southeast Asia __knowledge__ The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere, although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere.", "Southeast Asia __knowledge__ In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activities.", "Pavle Orlović __knowledge__ Pavle Orlović () is a semi-mythological hero of the Kosovo cycle of Serbian epic poetry; he was a Serbian knight, one of the military commanders under Prince Lazar that fell at the Battle of Kosovo (1389) against the Ottoman Empire.", "Pavle Orlović __knowledge__ According to folklore, Orlović was the son of \"voivode\" Vuk Orle, the Lord of Soko Grad on the Drina.", "Pavle Orlović __knowledge__ After the death of Stephen Uroš V the Weak, Orlović held the mining town of Novo Brdo, as well as his father's possessions on Mount Rudnik in central Serbia.", "Pavle Orlović __knowledge__ According to legend, Pavle Orlović's four sons escaped their hometown to Čarađe, near Gacko, after the death of their father and fled to Velimlje, a village in Banjani (modern-day Montenegro).", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a regional power, a nascent global power and a potential superpower.", "Portuguese India Armadas __knowledge__ The Portuguese India Armadas \"(Armadas da Índia)\" were the fleets of ships, organized by the crown of the Kingdom of Portugal and dispatched on an annual basis from Portugal to India, principally Goa.", "Portuguese India Armadas __knowledge__ These armadas undertook what is sometimes called the \"Carreira da Índia\" (\"India Run\"), following the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope first opened up by Vasco da Gama in 1497–1499.", "Portuguese India Armadas __knowledge__ For a long time after its discovery by Vasco da Gama, the sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope was dominated by the Portuguese India armada – the annual fleet dispatched from Portugal to India.", "Portuguese India Armadas __knowledge__ Between 1497 and 1650, there were 1033 departures of ships at Lisbon for the \"Carreira da Índia\" (\"India Run\").", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Disney's \"Aladdin\" franchise features an extensive cast of fictional characters.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ The lead character of the series is Aladdin, who was originally a street urchin.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ During the course of the franchise, he starts living in the palace of Agrabah and becomes engaged to Princess Jasmine.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Aladdin (, \")\", is the protagonist of the franchise, a street child who ends up becoming the prince of Agrabah after meeting Jasmine in the streets and being recruited by Jafar to retrieve the magical lamp from the Cave of Wonders.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Scott Weinger when speaking and Brad Kane when singing.", "List of Disney's Aladdin characters __knowledge__ Jasmine is the rebellious princess of Agrabah, who flees the palace in revolt to her obligation to be married to a prince.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ Koolaids: The Art of War is a novel by Rabih Alameddine, an author and painter who lives in both San Francisco and Beirut.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ He grew up in the Middle East, in Kuwait and Lebanon.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ Published in 1998, \"Koolaids\" is Alameddine's first novel.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ The majority of the story takes place in San Francisco and Beirut, the sites of two very different \"wars\".", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ San Francisco from the mid-1980s into the 1990s is the main site of the AIDS epidemic, especially among the gay community, while Beirut is the site of a brutal civil war.", "Koolaids: The Art of War __knowledge__ The novel deals with issues such as the AIDS epidemic, sex, the Lebanese civil war, death, and the meaning of life.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "India __knowledge__ India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhārat Gaṇarājya\"), is a country in South Asia.", "India __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.", "India __knowledge__ It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.", "India __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east.", "India __knowledge__ In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.", "India __knowledge__ India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "India __knowledge__ The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE.", "India __knowledge__ In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed.", "India __knowledge__ Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose.", "India __knowledge__ Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as Southeast Asia.", "India __knowledge__ In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, partly through the importation of ingredients and ideas from North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread and cheese, roasted and stewed meats, meat and game pies, boiled vegetables and broths, and freshwater and saltwater fish.", "English cuisine __knowledge__ The 14th-century English cookbook, the \"Forme of Cury\", contains recipes for these, and dates from the royal court of Richard II.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Ma'alot-Tarshiha (; , \"Maʻālūt Taršīḥā\") is a mixed city in the North District in Israel, some east of Nahariya, about above sea level.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The city was established in 1963 through a municipal merger of the Arab town of Tarshiha and the Jewish town of Ma'alot.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ In the city has a population of .", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Excavations of a 4th-century burial cave in the village unearthed a cross and a piece of glass engraved with a menorah.", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ Crusader sources from the 12th and 13th century refer to Tarshiha as \"Terschia,\" \"Torsia\" and \"Tersigha.\"", "Ma'alot-Tarshiha __knowledge__ The King had initiated the settlement of Crusader (\"Latin\", \"Frankish\") people in nearby Mi'ilya (\"Castellum Regis\"), and from there settlement spread out to Tarshiha.", "Indians in the New York City metropolitan region __knowledge__ Indians in the New York City metropolitan region constitute one of the largest and fastest growing ethnicities in the New York City metropolitan area of the United States.", "Indians in the New York City metropolitan region __knowledge__ The New York City region is home to the largest Indian American population among metropolitan areas by a significant margin, enumerating 679,173 uniracial individuals by 2014 U.S. Census estimates.", "Indians in the New York City metropolitan region __knowledge__ The Asian Indian population also represents the second largest Asian American community in the New York City metropolitan area, following the also rapidly growing and hemisphere-leading population of the estimated 812,410 uniracial Chinese Americans in the New York City metropolitan area.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber.", "British Indian __knowledge__ The term British Indian (also Indian British or Indian Britons) refers to citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots lie in India.", "British Indian __knowledge__ This includes people born in the UK who are of Indian descent, and Indian-born people who have migrated to the UK.", "British Indian __knowledge__ Today, Indians comprise about 1.4 million people in the UK (not including those of mixed Indian and other ancestry), making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country.", "British Indian __knowledge__ They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians, and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora, mainly due to the Indian-British relations (including historical links such as India having been under British colonial rule and still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations).", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations; it is the world's second most populous country.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ India is a vast country and is connected to lots of countries for economy, the world's most-populous democracy and the fastest growing major economy.", "Foreign relations of India __knowledge__ With the world's sixth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, sixth largest economy by nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity, India is a regional power, a nascent global power and a potential superpower.", "Bhutan __knowledge__ Bhutan (; '), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan ( '), is a landlocked country in South Asia.", "Bhutan __knowledge__ Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north, the Sikkim state of India and the Chumbi Valley of Tibet in the west, the Arunachal Pradesh state of India in the east and the Assam state of India in the south.", "Bhutan __knowledge__ Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after the Maldives.", "Bhutan __knowledge__ Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.", "Bhutan __knowledge__ The independence of Bhutan has endured for centuries and has never been colonized in its history.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ Eastern South Asia is a subregion of South Asia.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (specifically east India and northeast India), and Nepal.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ Geographically, it lies between the Eastern Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ Two of the world's largest rivers, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, flow into the sea through Eastern South Asia.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ The region includes the world's highest mountainous terrain and the world's largest delta, and has a climate ranging from alpine and subalpine to subtropical and tropical.", "Eastern South Asia __knowledge__ Since Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India are landlocked, the coastlines of Bangladesh and East India serve as the principal gateways to the region.", "Nepal __knowledge__ Nepal (; ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ), is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia.", "Nepal __knowledge__ Nepal is divided into 7 states and 77 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises, 13 sub-metropolises, 246 municipal councils and 481 villages.", "Nepal __knowledge__ It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area.", "Nepal __knowledge__ Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state.", "Nepal __knowledge__ Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip.", "Nepal __knowledge__ Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between.", "Bhutan national football team __knowledge__ The Bhutan national football team represents Bhutan in international men's football.", "Bhutan national football team __knowledge__ The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Bhutan, the Bhutan Football Federation (BFF), which is a member of the Asian Football Federation and the regional body the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF).", "Bhutan national football team __knowledge__ The team play their home games at the national stadium, Changlimithang.", "Bhutan national football team __knowledge__ The side have consistently been ranked as the worst, or one of the worst national teams in the world on both the official FIFA rankings and the Elo rating system.", "Bhutan national football team __knowledge__ As of the end of November 2017 they have won only six competitive fixtures against other international teams and have a goal difference of −279 in official matches.", "History of Bhutan __knowledge__ Bhutan's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure.", "History of Bhutan __knowledge__ Some of the structures provide evidence that Bhutan existed as early as 2000 BC.", "History of Bhutan __knowledge__ According to a legend it was ruled or controlled by a Cooch-Behar king, Sangaldip, around the 7th century BC, but not much is known prior to the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism in the 9th century, when turmoil in Tibet forced many monks to flee to Bhutan.", "History of Bhutan __knowledge__ In the 12th century, the Drukpa Kagyupa school was established and remains the dominant form of Buddhism in Bhutan today.", "History of Bhutan __knowledge__ The country's political history is intimately tied to its religious history and relations among the various monastic schools and monasteries.", "Thimphu __knowledge__ Thimphu (; ; formerly spelled as Thimbu or Thimpu) is the capital and largest city of the Kingdom of Bhutan.", "Thimphu __knowledge__ It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's \"dzongkhags\", the Thimphu District.", "Thimphu __knowledge__ The ancient capital city of Punakha was replaced by Thimphu when it was established as capital in 1955, and in 1961 Thimphu was declared as the capital of the Kingdom of Bhutan by His Majesty the 3rd Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck.", "Thimphu __knowledge__ The city is spread out laterally in a north-south direction on the west bank of the valley formed by the Raidāk River, which is known as the Wang Chuu or Thimphu Chuu in Bhutan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "India __knowledge__ India, officially the Republic of India (\"Bhārat Gaṇarājya\"), is a country in South Asia.", "India __knowledge__ It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world.", "India __knowledge__ It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.", "India __knowledge__ It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east.", "India __knowledge__ In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives.", "India __knowledge__ India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.", "India __knowledge__ The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE.", "India __knowledge__ In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed.", "India __knowledge__ Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose.", "India __knowledge__ Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as Southeast Asia.", "India __knowledge__ In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of \"Homo erectus\", followed by other archaic humans including \"H. heidelbergensis\", the likely ancestor of both anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals, around 500,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ Within Africa, \"Homo sapiens\" diverged around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago.", "Early human migrations __knowledge__ The \"recent African origin\" paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of \"Homo sapiens\" migrating from East Africa after roughly 70,000 years ago and spread along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.", "Prehistoric art __knowledge__ The earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The recent African origin of modern humans, also called the \"Out of Africa\" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is, in paleoanthropology, the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (\"Homo sapiens\").", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The model proposes a single area of origin for modern humans.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ The \"single-origin hypothesis\" is cited as having scientific consensus as of the mid-2000s.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ According to this model, modern humans evolved in East Africa between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "Recent African origin of modern humans __knowledge__ There were then at least two dispersal events from Africa to the rest of the world.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus \"Homo\", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera \"Australopithecus\" and \"Paranthropus\".", "Stone Age __knowledge__ Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record.", "Stone Age __knowledge__ The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use.", "Indigenous Australians __knowledge__ Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands prior to British colonisation.", "Indigenous Australians __knowledge__ The time of arrival of the first Indigenous Australians is a matter of debate among researchers.", "Indigenous Australians __knowledge__ The earliest definitely human remains found in Australia are those of Mungo Man LM3 and Mungo Lady, which have been dated to around 50,000 years BP.", "Indigenous Australians __knowledge__ Recent archaeological evidence from the analysis of charcoal and artifacts revealing human use suggests a date as early as 65,000 B.P.", "Indigenous Australians __knowledge__ Luminescence dating has suggested habitation in Arnhem Land as far back as 60,000 years BP.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ It is one of the plastic arts.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or molded, or cast.", "Sculpture __knowledge__ Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Kebabs (also kabobs) are various cooked meat dishes, with their origins in Middle Eastern cuisine.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Many variants are popular throughout Asia, and around the world.", "Kebab __knowledge__ In Indian English and in the languages of the Middle East, other parts of Asia, and the Muslim world, \"kebab\" is a broad term covering a wide variety of grilled meat dishes.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Although kebabs are often cooked on a skewer, many types of kebab are not.", "Kebab __knowledge__ Kebab dishes can consist of cut up or ground meat or seafood, sometimes with fruits and vegetables; cooked on a skewer over a fire, or like a hamburger on a grill, baked in a pan in an oven, or as a stew; and served with various accompaniments according to each recipe.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments." ] ]	[ 1, 4, 15, 17 ]	[ "I've never been to India, but it seems like a very interesting country. Do you have any experience with India?", "It's an interesting area of the world, being bordered by so many different cultures, like China, Nepal, and Bhutan. I wonder how that has effected their development.", "Yeah, it's interesting to see how much their food has been influenced by different cultures like the middle east and other parts of Asia. I enjoy their food a lot too, especially their take on lamb.", "I don't know for sure, but I do know that the current thought is that early man migrated out of Africa and into the Asian area around 50,000-70,000 years ago, so it's possible. " ]	[ "India", "India", "India", "India" ]
[ "Classical music\ni love music especially classical", "yes that sound great, any special albums ", "Mozart, and Beethoven are my favorites ", "they dont make them like they use to", "well we could still remines" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (which form the melodies, basslines and chords), tempo, metre and rhythms for a piece of music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.", "ILM Academy __knowledge__ The ILM Academy abbreviation for \"I Love Music Academy\" is India’s first electronic music school.", "ILM Academy __knowledge__ I Love Music (ILM) academy is India’s premier electronic music school.", "ILM Academy __knowledge__ with a motto of offering \"high-powered, high-impact, and hands-on learning,\" complemented by access to the most cutting-edge \"producers, musicians, and audio equipment i\"n the industry.", "ILM Academy __knowledge__ Founded in Bangalore in 2009, the electronic music production school I Love Music Academy, run by brothers Arjun Vagale, Nakul Vagale and a dedicated team, is considered to be \"India’s premier educational institute for music production\".", "ILM Academy __knowledge__ Since its inception it’s expanded into an internationally recognised academy with \"five pro-level studios in Gurgaon.\"", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.", "Music of Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey is a country on the northeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroad of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus and South and Central Asia The roots of traditional music in Turkey span across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks migrated to Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences.", "Lavinia Meijer __knowledge__ Lavinia Meijer is a female harpist born in 1983 in South Korea and adopted into a Dutch family.", "Lavinia Meijer __knowledge__ When she was 11 years old, Lavinia was accepted by Erika Waardenburg to study at the Young Talent Department of the Utrecht Conservatory.", "Lavinia Meijer __knowledge__ She graduated cum laude from the Utrecht Conservatory in 2003 and obtained a master's degree in Music (also cum laude) in 2005 from the Amsterdam Conservatory.", "Lavinia Meijer __knowledge__ For her master's degree Lavinia studied under, among others, Jana Bouskova, Isabelle Moretti, Daphne Boden, Natalia Shameyva, Emilia Moskvitina, Maria Graf, Skaila Kanga and Susann McDonald.", "Lavinia Meijer __knowledge__ She also took a jazz course from the jazz harpist Park Stickney and lessons on interpretation with Theo Olof (violin), Walter van Hauwe (recorder) and Willem Brons (piano).", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ \"I Love Music\" is a song written by Gamble and Huff and recorded by The O'Jays.", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ It appeared on the group's 1975 album \"Family Reunion\".", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ The single version went to number one on the soul singles chart and reached number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ In the UK, the song peaked at number 13 in the Top 40 singles charts, in March 1976.", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ The single was most successful on the US Disco File Top 20 chart, where it spent eight weeks at number one.", "I Love Music (The O'Jays song) __knowledge__ In 1976, a live cover version appears on the album \"LIVE\" performed by 3M Productions, also known as Major Harris, Blue Magic and Margie Joseph, recorded at the Latin Casino.", "Gray mouse lemur __knowledge__ The gray mouse lemur (\"Microcebus murinus\"), grey mouse lemur or lesser mouse lemur, is a small lemur, a type of strepsirrhine primate, found only on the island of Madagascar.", "Gray mouse lemur __knowledge__ Weighing , it is the largest of the mouse lemurs (genus \"Microcebus\"), a group that includes the smallest primates in the world.", "Gray mouse lemur __knowledge__ The species is named for its mouse-like size and coloration and is known locally (in Malagasy) as \"tsidy\", \"koitsiky\", \"titilivaha\", \"pondiky\", and \"vakiandry\".", "Gray mouse lemur __knowledge__ The gray mouse lemur and all other mouse lemurs are considered cryptic species, as they are nearly indistinguishable from each other by appearance.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry.", "I Love Music (forum) __knowledge__ I Love Music (ILM) is an Internet popular music forum started by pop critic Tom Ewing in August 2000 as an adjunct to his music website, Freaky Trigger.", "I Love Music (forum) __knowledge__ Notable posters have included Momus, Simon Reynolds, Philip Sherburne, Drew Daniel of Matmos and The Soft Pink Truth, John Darnielle of The Mountain Goats, Frank Kogan, Ned Raggett, former \"The Wire\" editor Mark Sinker, former \"Village Voice\" music editor Chuck Eddy, Peter Chung (creator of Æon Flux), former Pitchfork Media critics Brent DiCrescenzo and Chris Ott and Fluxblog author Matthew Perpetua.", "I Love Music (forum) __knowledge__ I Love Music shares server space with its sister board, I Love Everything, which was introduced in June 2001." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (which form the melodies, basslines and chords), tempo, metre and rhythms for a piece of music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ Carabao () is a Thai rock band that is very popular in Thailand and other Asian countries.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ The group was formed in 1981 by university students Yuenyong Opakul (Aed) and Kirati Promsaka Na Sakon Nakhon (Keo or Khiao) who met while studying at Mapúa Institute of Technology in the Philippines.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ The word carabao means \"buffalo\", a symbol of fighting, hard work, and patience.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ They are known for their Phleng phuea chiwit (เพลงเพื่อชีวิต) or 'songs for life'.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ This kind of music came to prominence through the protest songs of the 1970s political upheaval in Thailand, especially from the band Caravan.", "Carabao (band) __knowledge__ Carabao have blended the acoustic/folk style of 'peua chiwit' with other forms of Thai music, western rock and country music, and various kinds of world music like Latin music and reggae, earning such labels as 'ethnic rockers' and 'Kings of 3Cha' or 'Rolling Stones of Asia'.", "Christina Aguilar __knowledge__ Christina Aguilar is a Thai singer of French and Filipino heritage, dubbed Thai \"Queen of Dance\".", "Christina Aguilar __knowledge__ Her debut album \"Ninja\" was certified platinum for 1 million copies sold - a first for a Thai female singer.", "Christina Aguilar __knowledge__ She' i also the first and only Thai artist to have the first four studios albums selling over 1 million copies; her third album \"Red Beat\" is the best selling female artist's album of all time in Thai music industry, selling 3 million copies.", "Christina Aguilar __knowledge__ Her eight solo albums have sold over 10.5 million copies (not including special albums).", "Christina Aguilar __knowledge__ Christina Aguilar is the daughter of Spanish-Filipino musician Tony Aguilar and Margaret, his French wife.", "90125 __knowledge__ 90125 is the eleventh studio album by the English rock band Yes, released on 7 November 1983 by Atco Records.", "90125 __knowledge__ Its title was chosen to match the label catalog number for the release.", "90125 __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1981 after touring their previous album, \"Drama\" (1980), bassist Chris Squire and drummer Alan White formed Cinema with guitarist and singer Trevor Rabin and original Yes keyboardist Tony Kaye who had left in 1971.", "90125 __knowledge__ The group adopted a more commercial and pop-oriented direction as the result of their new material, much of it derived from Rabin's demos, with former Yes singer Trevor Horn as their producer.", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ Patiparn Pataweekarn (, also Mos Patiparn or Mos, born March 23, 1973), is a Thai film and television actor and pop singer from GMM Grammy.", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ Mos debuted at 16 as a model for a magazine by Poj Anon in 1990, but has become mainly known as an actor and a singer.", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ He has a twin brother name \"Aon Dettarn Pataweekarn\".", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ He became the rising star when he played as \"Peerapol\" in the high-rating \"3 Num 3 Mum\" sitcom (EXACT, GMM Grammy) together with Songsit Rungnopakunsi (Kob) and Saksit Tangtong (Tang) in 1991.", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ A year later, he released his debut album, \"Ur Hur\".", "Patiparn Patavekarn __knowledge__ Mos' second album, \"Mr. Mos\" became his most successful album ever with the sale amount of 1.5 million copies.", "Steve Vai __knowledge__ Steven Siro Vai (; born June 6, 1960) is an American guitarist, composer, singer, songwriter, and producer.", "Steve Vai __knowledge__ He was voted the \"10th Greatest Guitarist\" by \"Guitar World\" magazine, and has sold over 15 million records.", "Steve Vai __knowledge__ A three-time Grammy Award winner and fifteen-time nominee, Vai started his music career in 1978 at the age of 18 as a transcriptionist for Frank Zappa, and joined his band from 1980 to 1983.", "Steve Vai __knowledge__ He embarked on a solo career in 1983 and has released eight solo albums to date.", "Steve Vai __knowledge__ He has recorded and toured with Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth, Whitesnake, as well as having recorded with artists such as Mary J. Blige, Spinal Tap, and Ozzy Osbourne.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ The dates of the Classical period in Western music are generally accepted as being between about the year 1730 and the year 1820.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ However, the term \"classical music\" is often used in a colloquial sense as a synonym for Western art music which describes a variety of Western musical styles from the Middle Ages to the present, and especially from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ This article is about the specific period in most of the 18th century to the early 19th century, though overlapping with the Baroque and Romantic periods.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ The rate of stylistic development between about 750 and 300 BC was remarkable by ancient standards, and in surviving works is best seen in sculpture.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ There were important innovations in painting, which have to be essentially reconstructed due to the lack of original survivals of quality, other than the distinct field of painted pottery.", "Ancient Greek art __knowledge__ Greek architecture, technically very simple, established a harmonious style with numerous detailed conventions that were largely adopted by Roman architecture and are still followed in some modern buildings.", "Archaic Greece __knowledge__ Archaic Greece was the period in Greek history lasting from the eighth century BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period.", "Archaic Greece __knowledge__ The period began with a massive increase in the Greek population and a series of significant changes which rendered the Greek world at the end of the eighth century as entirely unrecognisable as compared to its beginning.", "Archaic Greece __knowledge__ According to Anthony Snodgrass, the Archaic period in ancient Greece was bounded by two revolutions in the Greek world.", "Archaic Greece __knowledge__ It began with a \"structural revolution\" which \"drew the political map of the Greek world\" and established the poleis, the distinctively Greek city-states, and ended with the intellectual revolution of the Classical period.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ Ancient Greek phonology is the description of the reconstructed phonology or pronunciation of Ancient Greek.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ This article mostly deals with the pronunciation of the standard Attic dialect of the fifth century BC, used by Plato and other Classical Greek writers, and touches on other dialects spoken at the same time or earlier.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ The pronunciation of Ancient Greek is not known from direct observation, but determined from other types of evidence.", "Ancient Greek phonology __knowledge__ Some details regarding the pronunciation of Attic Greek and other Ancient Greek dialects are unknown, but it is generally agreed that Attic Greek had certain features not present in English or Modern Greek, such as a three-way distinction between voiced, voiceless, and aspirated stops (such as ); a distinction between single and double consonants and short and long vowels in most positions in a word; and a word accent that involved pitch.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer (Latin \"compōnō\"; literally \"one who puts together\") is a musician who is an author of music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer may create music in any musical music genre, including, for example, classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Composers often express their works in a written musical score using musical notation.", "Composer __knowledge__ Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Since musical notation only incompletely expresses a piece of music, there is a whole continuum of possibilities concerning how much the performer determines the final form of the rendered work in a concert." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (which form the melodies, basslines and chords), tempo, metre and rhythms for a piece of music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had a powerful influence on the work of Ludwig van Beethoven.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ They are said to have met in Vienna in 1787, and Beethoven is said to have had a few lessons from Mozart.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ However, this is uncertain, as there is only one account of a meeting, and it is not contemporary.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Beethoven knew much of Mozart's work.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Some of his themes recall Mozart's, and he modeled a number of his compositions on those of the older composer.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Beethoven was born in Bonn in 1770, about 14 years after Mozart (born Salzburg, 1756).", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ In 1781, during Beethoven's childhood, Mozart had moved from Salzburg to Vienna, the Austrian imperial capital, to pursue his career.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ Ludwig van Beethoven (, ; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, his great Mass the \"Missa solemnis\", and one opera, \"Fidelio\".", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and by composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe.", "List of performances by the London Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ Since its inception in 1904, the London Symphony Orchestra has given its own series of concerts.", "List of performances by the London Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ In the beginning the Orchestra hired itself out both in London and elsewhere to other musical organisations and festivals, performing a limited number of its own concerts in a series at Queen's Hall in London.", "List of performances by the London Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ Nowadays it promotes nearly all of its own concerts at the Barbican Centre in London.", "List of performances by the London Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ Hans Richter accepted the position of Principal Conductor, although he never gave all concerts in a season, sharing his time with the LSO with his position as conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester.", "List of performances by the London Symphony Orchestra __knowledge__ 9 June 1904 Hans Richter Wagner: Prelude to Die Meistersinger Bach: Orchestral Suite No.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote 27 original concertos for piano and orchestra.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ These works, many of which Mozart composed for himself to play in the Vienna concert series of 1784–86, held special importance for him.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ For a long time relatively neglected, they are recognised as among his greatest achievements.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ They were championed by Donald Francis Tovey in his \"Essay on the Classical Concerto\" in 1903, and later by Cuthbert Girdlestone and Arthur Hutchings in 1940 (originally published in French) and 1948, respectively.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Hans Tischler published a structural and thematic analysis of the concertos in 1966, followed by the works by Charles Rosen, and Daniel N. Leeson and Robert Levin.", "Beethoven and his contemporaries __knowledge__ During the course of his lifetime (1770–1827), Ludwig van Beethoven enjoyed relationships with many of his musical contemporaries.", "Beethoven and his contemporaries __knowledge__ Beethoven was famously difficult to get along with, and the history of his relationships with contemporaries is littered with arguments, misunderstandings, and reconciliations.", "Beethoven and his contemporaries __knowledge__ Beethoven had well-known fallings out with his one-time teacher, Joseph Haydn, with the piano virtuoso and composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and the German composer Carl Maria von Weber.", "Beethoven and his contemporaries __knowledge__ Beethoven met the composer Luigi Cherubini on the latter's journey to Vienna in 1805.", "Beethoven and his contemporaries __knowledge__ Cherubini, a longtime resident of Paris, was invited to mount a production of his opera \"Die Tage der Gefahr\" (or \"Der Wasserträger\") after the success of his 1791 opera \"Lodoïska\", which was staged by Emanuel Schikaneder on 23 March 1803 at the Theater an der Wien.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( ; ; 27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Born in Salzburg, he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ The dates of the Classical period in Western music are generally accepted as being between about the year 1730 and the year 1820.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ However, the term \"classical music\" is often used in a colloquial sense as a synonym for Western art music which describes a variety of Western musical styles from the Middle Ages to the present, and especially from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ This article is about the specific period in most of the 18th century to the early 19th century, though overlapping with the Baroque and Romantic periods.", "Classical period (music) __knowledge__ The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "History of music __knowledge__ Music is found in every known culture, past and present, varying widely between times and places.", "History of music __knowledge__ Since all people of the world, including the most isolated tribal groups, have a form of music, it may be concluded that music is likely to have been present in the ancestral population prior to the dispersal of humans around the world.", "History of music __knowledge__ Consequently, music may have been in existence for at least 55,000 years and the first music may have been invented in Africa and then evolved to become a fundamental constituent of human life.", "History of music __knowledge__ A culture's music is influenced by all other aspects of that culture, including social and economic organization and experience, climate, and access to technology.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ The Clavier-Übung III, sometimes referred to as the German Organ Mass, is a collection of compositions for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach, started in 1735–36 and published in 1739.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ It is considered Bach's most significant and extensive work for organ, containing some of his most musically complex and technically demanding compositions for that instrument.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ In its use of modal forms, motet-style and canons, it looks back to the religious music of masters of the stile antico, such as Frescobaldi, Palestrina, Lotti and Caldara.", "Clavier-Übung III __knowledge__ At the same time, Bach was forward-looking, incorporating and distilling modern baroque musical forms, such as the French-style chorale.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer (Latin \"compōnō\"; literally \"one who puts together\") is a musician who is an author of music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms.", "Composer __knowledge__ A composer may create music in any musical music genre, including, for example, classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Composers often express their works in a written musical score using musical notation.", "Composer __knowledge__ Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.", "Composer __knowledge__ Since musical notation only incompletely expresses a piece of music, there is a whole continuum of possibilities concerning how much the performer determines the final form of the rendered work in a concert." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (which form the melodies, basslines and chords), tempo, metre and rhythms for a piece of music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "DONT __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, DONT is a conventional overcall used to interfere with an opponent's one notrump (1NT) opening bid.", "DONT __knowledge__ DONT, an acronym for Disturb Opponents' Notrump, was designed by Marty Bergen, and is therefore also referred to as \"Bergen over Notrump\".", "DONT __knowledge__ Although the method is often criticized for being too nebulous, it remains fairly popular.", "DONT __knowledge__ The convention was first published in the September/October 1989 issue of \"Bridge Today\".", "DONT __knowledge__ In DONT, the two-level overcalls of trump show a two suiter of the suit bid and an unspecified higher-ranking suit.", "DONT __knowledge__ The feature distinguishing DONT from other similar conventions such as Cappelletti is the use of the double to show length in one suit, rather than hand strength or for .", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ Anejom̃ or Aneityum (also spelled \"Anejom\", and formerly \"Aneiteum\", \"Aneityumese\") is an Oceanic language spoken by 900 people () on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu.", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ It is the only indigenous language of Aneityum.", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ Anejom̃ is part of the Austronesian language family, and is part of the large subgroup of Oceanic languages.", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ Anejom̃ falls under the Southern Oceanic Languages subgroup, and more specifically Southern Vanuatuan Languages.", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ It constitutes its own separate branch of Southern Vanuatuan languages.", "Aneityum language __knowledge__ While Anejom̃ is now considered to be only one language, some historical reports have suggested that Anejom̃ might have consisted of two very distinct dialects.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ French pronouns are inflected to indicate their role in the sentence (subject, direct object, and so on), as well as to reflect the person, gender, and number of their referents.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ French has a complex system of personal pronouns (analogous to English \"I\", \"we\", \"they\", and so on).", "French pronouns __knowledge__ When compared to English, the particularities of French personal pronouns include: Possessive pronouns refer to an object (or person) by identifying its possessor.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ They lexically indicate the person and number of the possessor, and like other pronouns they are inflected to indicate the gender and number of their referent.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ The Two Futures Project (2FP) is a movement made up of American Christians who support and work towards the abolition of all nuclear weapons.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ This organization believes that human beings face two futures and one choice: a world without nuclear weapons or a world ruined by them.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ 2FP is supportive of concrete and practical steps to reduce nuclear dangers immediately, while pursuing the multilateral, global, irreversible, and verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons, as a biblically-grounded mandate and as a contemporary security imperative.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ In order to make these changes in the world they are using a strategy based around the creation of a non-partisan, conscience-driven, enduring majority of Americans who are committed to a nuclear weapons-free world.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 116th overall season, 77th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 19th within the SEC Western Division.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of ten wins and three losses (10–3, 5–3 in the SEC) and defeated Michigan State 49–7 in the Capital One Bowl.", "Wan Aishah Wan Ariffin __knowledge__ Wan Aishah binti Wan Ariffin (or better known as \"Aishah\") is a singer from Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.", "Wan Aishah Wan Ariffin __knowledge__ Aishah's singing album with Fan Club, Sensation, has raised its name as Malaysia's first successful female singer to the international stage and has even topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart with the song \"Dont Make Me Fall Alone\" in 1990 .", "Wan Aishah Wan Ariffin __knowledge__ After she was no longer with the Fan Club, Aishah returned to Malaysia while she was singing solo so she was appointed as one of the country's pop legendaries with a row of hit songs and best-selling albums.", "Wan Aishah Wan Ariffin __knowledge__ In 2011, she went to the political world with her choice party, the PAS and competed for the parliamentary seat in Jempol in the 2013 Malaysian general election, and later joined the PAS splinter group, AMANAH.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ Ludwig van Beethoven (, ; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, his great Mass the \"Missa solemnis\", and one opera, \"Fidelio\".", "Ludwig van Beethoven __knowledge__ Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and by composer and conductor Christian Gottlob Neefe.", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ The 33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli, Op.", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ 120, commonly known as the Diabelli Variations, is a set of variations for the piano written between 1819 and 1823 by Ludwig van Beethoven on a waltz composed by Anton Diabelli.", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ It is often considered to be one of the greatest sets of variations for keyboard along with J. S. Bach's \"Goldberg Variations\".", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ The music writer Donald Tovey called it \"the greatest set of variations ever written\".", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ The pianist Alfred Brendel has described it as \"the greatest of all piano works\".", "Diabelli Variations __knowledge__ It also comprises, in the words of Hans von Bülow, \"a microcosm of Beethoven's art\".", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( ; ; 27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Born in Salzburg, he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position.", "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had a powerful influence on the work of Ludwig van Beethoven.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ They are said to have met in Vienna in 1787, and Beethoven is said to have had a few lessons from Mozart.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ However, this is uncertain, as there is only one account of a meeting, and it is not contemporary.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Beethoven knew much of Mozart's work.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Some of his themes recall Mozart's, and he modeled a number of his compositions on those of the older composer.", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ Beethoven was born in Bonn in 1770, about 14 years after Mozart (born Salzburg, 1756).", "Beethoven and Mozart __knowledge__ In 1781, during Beethoven's childhood, Mozart had moved from Salzburg to Vienna, the Austrian imperial capital, to pursue his career.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers).", "Chamber music __knowledge__ However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Because of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\".", "Chamber music __knowledge__ For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote 27 original concertos for piano and orchestra.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ These works, many of which Mozart composed for himself to play in the Vienna concert series of 1784–86, held special importance for him.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ For a long time relatively neglected, they are recognised as among his greatest achievements.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ They were championed by Donald Francis Tovey in his \"Essay on the Classical Concerto\" in 1903, and later by Cuthbert Girdlestone and Arthur Hutchings in 1940 (originally published in French) and 1948, respectively.", "Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart __knowledge__ Hans Tischler published a structural and thematic analysis of the concertos in 1966, followed by the works by Charles Rosen, and Daniel N. Leeson and Robert Levin.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky struggled with sonata form, the primary Western principle for building large-scale musical structures since the middle of the 19th century.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Traditional Russian treatment of melody, harmony and structure actually worked against sonata form's \"modus operandi\" of movement, growth and development.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian music—the Russian creative mentality as a whole, in fact—functioned on the principle of stasis.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian novels, plays and operas were written as collections of self-contained tableaux, with the plots proceeding from one set-piece to the next.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian folk music operated along the same lines, with songs comprised as a series of self-contained melodic units repeated continually." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Classical music __knowledge__ Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Classical music __knowledge__ The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European classical and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (which form the melodies, basslines and chords), tempo, metre and rhythms for a piece of music.", "Classical music __knowledge__ This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and \"ad libitum\" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues.", "Classical music __knowledge__ Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ Nonviolent video games are video games characterized by little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ As the term is vague, game designers, developers, and marketers that describe themselves as non-violent video game makers, as well as certain reviewers and members of the non-violent gaming community, often employ it to describe games with \"comparatively\" little or no violence.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The definition has been applied flexibly to games in such purposive genres as the Christian video game, however a number of games at the fringe of the \"non-violence\" label can only be viewed as objectively violent.", "Nonviolent video game __knowledge__ The purposes behind the development of the nonviolent genre are primarily reactionary in nature.", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ Frederick William Furkert (14 October 1876 – 26 September 1949) was a New Zealand engineer.", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ He joined the Public Works Department (PWD) in 1894, and was engineer-in-chief of the PWD for twelve years from 1920 until he retired in 1933.", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ Furkert was born in Ross, Westland in 1876.", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ He projects he was responsible for included for the New Zealand Railways Department the North Island Main Trunk Railway (completed 1908), the Otira Tunnel (completed 1923) and the Tawa Flat deviation (completed 1935).", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ He was also responsible for hydroelectric dam projects like the Waitaki Dam (completed 1935).", "Frederick Furkert __knowledge__ He worked with the Standards Institute on the draughting of building bylaws.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "Taupo railway proposals __knowledge__ There have been a number of proposals to build a Taupo Line as a branch railway linking the township of Taupo in the central North Island of New Zealand to New Zealand's rail network.", "Taupo railway proposals __knowledge__ One proposal proceeded as far as the construction stage before being stopped.", "Taupo railway proposals __knowledge__ By 1952, nearly every main centre in New Zealand was served by a railway, the exceptions being Kaitaia, Queenstown and Taupo.", "Taupo railway proposals __knowledge__ Taupo is one of New Zealand's biggest forestry centres and is a very popular tourist destination.", "Taupo railway proposals __knowledge__ The first time consideration was made to link Taupo with a railway was in 1884 when routes for extending the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) railway south from Te Awamutu to Wellington were being explored and surveyed.", "Grand Theft Childhood __knowledge__ Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do is a book by Lawrence Kutner, Ph.D. and Cheryl K. Olson, Sc.D.", "Grand Theft Childhood __knowledge__ In it, they draw various conclusions that run contrary to the rhetoric of some politicians and activists.", "Grand Theft Childhood __knowledge__ Along with psychiatrist Eugene V. Beresin, M.D., Kutner and Olson are co-directors of the Harvard Medical School Center for Mental Health and Media, a division of the department of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital.", "Grand Theft Childhood __knowledge__ The book was based in part on original research funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice to the Center for Mental Health and Media.", "Clorox __knowledge__ The Clorox Company (formerly Clorox Chemical Co.), based in Oakland, California, is an American worldwide manufacturer and marketer of consumer and professional products with approximately 8,100 employees worldwide as of June 30, 2017.", "Clorox __knowledge__ The company’s fiscal year 2017 net sales were $6.0 billion, which ranked the company at #453 on \"Fortune’s\" 2017 Fortune 500 list.", "Clorox __knowledge__ Clorox products are sold primarily through mass merchandisers, retail outlets, e-commerce channels, distributors and medical supply providers.", "Clorox __knowledge__ Clorox brands include its namesake bleach and cleaning products, as well as Brita (Americas only), Burt's Bees, Formula 409, Glad, Hidden Valley, Kingsford, Kitchen Bouquet, KC Masterpiece, Liquid-Plumr, Mistolin, Pine-Sol, Poett, Soy Vay, RenewLife, Tilex, S.O.S., and Fresh Step, Scoop Away and Ever Clean cat litters.", "Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Ordnung – Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen __knowledge__ Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Ordnung – Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen is a successful German petition launched on June 5, 2009, meant to reverse a government plan to ban violent games from the country.", "Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Ordnung – Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen __knowledge__ The German government eventually reversed its decision and sided with the gamers.", "Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Ordnung – Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen __knowledge__ There had been a \"string of unrest in Germany over violence in video games\", which is why the German government had been working on a bill to ban violent games.", "Straftaten gegen die öffentliche Ordnung – Gegen ein Verbot von Action-Computerspielen __knowledge__ In June 2009, \"the country's 16 interior ministers asked the Bundestag to ban the creation and distribution of games involving violent acts against human or human-like characters.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky struggled with sonata form, the primary Western principle for building large-scale musical structures since the middle of the 19th century.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Traditional Russian treatment of melody, harmony and structure actually worked against sonata form's \"modus operandi\" of movement, growth and development.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian music—the Russian creative mentality as a whole, in fact—functioned on the principle of stasis.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian novels, plays and operas were written as collections of self-contained tableaux, with the plots proceeding from one set-piece to the next.", "Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Russian folk music operated along the same lines, with songs comprised as a series of self-contained melodic units repeated continually.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ; ; 25 April/7 May 1840 – 25 October/6 November 1893), often anglicized as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant.", "Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ While the contributions of the Russian nationalistic group The Five were important in their own right in developing an independent Russian voice and consciousness in classical music, the compositions of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky became dominant in 19th century Russia, with Tchaikovsky becoming known both in and outside Russia as its greatest musical talent.", "Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky __knowledge__ His formal conservatory training allowed him to write works with Western-oriented attitudes and techniques, showcasing a wide range and breadth of technique from a poised \"Classical\" form simulating 18th century Rococo elegance to a style more characteristic of Russian nationalists or a musical idiom expressly to channel his own overwrought emotions.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle __knowledge__ Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's relations with the group of composers known as the Belyayev circle, which lasted from 1887 until Tchaikovsky's death in 1893, influenced all of their music and briefly helped shape the next generation of Russian composers.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle __knowledge__ This group was named after timber merchant Mitrofan Belyayev, an amateur musician who became an influential music patron and publisher after he had taken an interest in Alexander Glazunov's work.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle __knowledge__ By 1887, Tchaikovsky was firmly established as one of the leading composers in Russia.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle __knowledge__ A favorite of Tsar Alexander III, he was widely regarded as a national treasure.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five __knowledge__ In mid- to late-19th-century Russia, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and a group of composers known as The Five had differing opinions as to whether should be composed following Western or native practices.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five __knowledge__ Tchaikovsky wanted to write professional compositions of such quality that they would stand up to Western scrutiny and thus transcend national barriers, yet remain distinctively Russian in melody, rhythm and other compositional characteristics.", "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five __knowledge__ The Five, made up of composers Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, sought to produce a specifically Russian kind of art music, rather than one that imitated older European music or relied on European-style conservatory training.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers).", "Chamber music __knowledge__ However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.", "Chamber music __knowledge__ Because of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\".", "Chamber music __knowledge__ For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ Western civilization traces its roots back to Western Europe and the Western Mediterranean.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy.", "History of Western civilization __knowledge__ The civilizations of Classical Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Israel are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans." ] ]	[ 2, 64, 8, 73, 61 ]	[ "I do, too! My favorite really is the precise period from 1750 to 1820 known as the Classical period. ", "I love a variety of composers. Mozart and Bach to name a couple. They developed instrumental music in various forms that I love.", "Yes, I agree wholeheartedly with you. In fact, Mozart had a profound influence on Beethoven's work!", "I agree. Even the symphonies in the middle 19th century by Tchaikovsky are far more powerful than that which is played today. ", "What is of interest to me is that all of us can still practice classical chamber music today. For more than 100 ears, chamber music was played by amateur musicians in their homes. It has always been played for one's pleasure, not just for performance." ]	[ "Classical music", "Classical music", "Classical music", "Classical music", "Classical music" ]
[ "Drawing", "Oh yes, it's a great artform, although digital drawing has it's own merit. Traditional drawings must've been around since the dawn of man, right?", "Metals? How so?", "Oh I see, what about ink brushes, wouldn't that be painting? Or is painting the same thing" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Drawing __knowledge__ Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint) and electronic drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history.", "Drawing __knowledge__ It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.", "Drawing __knowledge__ In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering and technical drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Drawing __knowledge__ Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint) and electronic drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history.", "Drawing __knowledge__ It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.", "Drawing __knowledge__ In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering and technical drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch.", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ Mechanical systems drawing is a type of technical drawing that shows information about heating, ventilating, air conditioning and transportation around the building (Elevators or Lifts and Escalator).", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ It is a powerful tool that helps analyze complex systems.", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ These drawings are often a set of detailed drawings used for construction projects; it is a requirement for all HVAC work.", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ They are based on the floor and reflected ceiling plans of the architect.", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ After the mechanical drawings are complete, they become part of the construction drawings, which is then used to apply for a building permit.", "Mechanical systems drawing __knowledge__ They are also used to determine the price of the project.", "Technical drawing __knowledge__ Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed.", "Technical drawing __knowledge__ Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering.", "Technical drawing __knowledge__ To make the drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles, and page layout.", "Technical drawing __knowledge__ Together, such conventions constitute a visual language and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand.", "Technical drawing __knowledge__ Many of the symbols and principles of technical drawing are codified in an international standard called ISO 128.", "Patent drawing __knowledge__ A patent application or patent may contain drawings, also called patent drawings, illustrating the invention, some of its embodiments (which are particular implementations or methods of carrying out the invention), or the prior art.", "Patent drawing __knowledge__ The drawings may be required by the law to be in a particular form, and the requirements may vary depending on the jurisdiction.", "Patent drawing __knowledge__ Under the European Patent Convention, provides that a European patent application shall contain any drawings referred to in the description or the claims.", "Patent drawing __knowledge__ Drawings are therefore optional.", "Patent drawing __knowledge__ specifies the form in which the drawings must be executed.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2013 until he was disqualified for life from office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2017.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ He had previously served as the Prime Minister twice in the 90s (1990–93 and 1997–99) and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ He is Pakistan's longest-serving prime minister.", "Nawaz Sharif __knowledge__ Born into the upper-middle class Sharif family in Lahore, he is the son of Ittefaq and Sharif Group founder, Muhammad Sharif, and the elder-brother of three-time elected Punjab Chief Minister, Shehbaz.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Pencil __knowledge__ A pencil is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken and/or from leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.", "Pencil __knowledge__ Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface.", "Pencil __knowledge__ They are distinct from pens, which instead disperse a trail of liquid or gel ink that stains the light colour of the paper by absorption.", "Pencil __knowledge__ Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder which leaves grey or black marks that can be easily erased.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ Nona Orbach (born 1953) is an Israeli multidisciplinary artist, art therapist and teacher.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ Nona Orbach was born and raised in Ness Ziona.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ Her family immigrated to Ness Ziona from Russia in 1883.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ Her father, Prof. Abraham Patchornik, was a senior organic chemist at the Weizmann Institute of Science.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ Orbach earned a BA in arts from Oranim Academic College in 1984, and an MA in art therapy from Lesley College, Boston, in 1988.She lives and works in Kiryat Tiv'on.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ From 1984 to 1988, Orbach founded and ran a community art center that still operates today.", "Nona Orbach __knowledge__ From 2009 to 2015, she held a teaching post at Oranim College.", "Penciller __knowledge__ A penciller (or penciler) is a collaboration artist who works in creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with focus on primary pencil illustrations, hence the term \"penciller\".", "Penciller __knowledge__ In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer.", "Penciller __knowledge__ These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot.", "Penciller __knowledge__ A penciller works in pencil.", "Penciller __knowledge__ Beyond this basic description, however, different artists choose to use a wide variety of different tools.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ Bagolini striated glasses test, or BSGT, is a subjective clinical test to detect the presence or extent of binocular functions and is generally performed by an orthoptist or optometrist.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ It is mainly used in strabismus clinics.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ Through this test, suppression, microtropia, diplopia and manifest deviations can be noted.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ However this test should always be used in conjunction with other clinical tests, such as Worth 4 dot test, Cover test, Prism cover test and Maddox rod to come to a diagnosis.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ To perform the test you will need Alternatively, trial frames and lenses or a lorgnette can be used.", "Bagolini Striated Glasses Test __knowledge__ In some cases, the use of prisms is necessary to measure a deviation and test for the presence of binocular functions.", "Steel detailer __knowledge__ A steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors.", "Steel detailer __knowledge__ The detailer prepares detailed plans, drawings and other documents for the manufacture and erection of steel members (columns, beams, braces, trusses, stairs, handrails, joists, metal decking, \"etc.\")", "Steel detailer __knowledge__ used in the construction of buildings, bridges, industrial plans, and nonbuilding structures.", "Steel detailer __knowledge__ A steel detailer's projects are usually commercial, residential, public, industrial or municipal; low-rise residential projects.. Steel detailers (usually simply called \"detailers\" within their field) work closely with architects, engineers, general contractors and steel fabricators.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Drawing __knowledge__ Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint) and electronic drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history.", "Drawing __knowledge__ It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.", "Drawing __knowledge__ In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering and technical drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ This group lies in the s-block of the periodic table of elements as all alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour.", "Alkali metal __knowledge__ The alkali metals are all shiny, soft, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge +1.", "Heavy metals __knowledge__ Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.", "Heavy metals __knowledge__ The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context.", "Heavy metals __knowledge__ In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the distinguishing criterion might be atomic number, while a chemist would likely be more concerned with chemical behaviour.", "Heavy metals __knowledge__ More specific definitions have been published, but none of these have been widely accepted.", "Heavy metals __knowledge__ The definitions surveyed in this article encompass up to 96 out of the 118 known chemical elements; only mercury, lead and bismuth meet all of them.", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Post-transition metals are a set of metallic elements in the periodic table located between the transition metals to their left, and the metalloids to their right.", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Depending on where these adjacent groups are judged to begin and end, there are at least five competing proposals for which elements to include: the three most common contain six, ten and thirteen elements, respectively (see image).", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ All proposals include gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth.", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Physically, post-transition metals are soft (or brittle), have poor mechanical strength, and have melting points lower than those of the transition metals.", "Metal __knowledge__ A metal (from Greek μέταλλον \"métallon\", \"mine, quarry, metal\") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.", "Metal __knowledge__ Metals are generally malleable—that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking—as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire).", "Metal __knowledge__ Around 90 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals; the others are nonmetals or metalloids, though elements near the boundaries of each category have been assigned variably to either (hence the lack of an exact count).", "Metalloid __knowledge__ A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ There is neither a standard definition of a metalloid nor complete agreement on the elements appropriately classified as such.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature of chemistry.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ The six commonly recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ On a standard periodic table, all eleven are in a diagonal area in the p-block extending from boron at the upper left to astatine at lower right, along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals shown on some periodic tables.", "Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. __knowledge__ Reliance Steel and Aluminum Co. (RSAC) , is the largest metals service center operator in North America and is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.", "Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. __knowledge__ The company provides metals processing services and distributes a line of approximately 50,000 metal products, including aluminum, brass, alloy, copper, carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium, and specialty metal products to fabricators, manufacturers, and other end users.", "Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. __knowledge__ The company is a member of the Fortune 500.", "Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. __knowledge__ Principal Brand Names are Allegheny Steel Distributors, Aluminum & Stainless, American Metals/Steel, AMI Metals, Best Manufacturing, Bralco, CCC Steel, Chapel Steel, Chatham Steel, Clayton Metals, Continental Alloys, CPS, Crest Steel, Delta Steel, Diamond Manufacturing, Durrett Sheppard, EMJ, Feralloy, Fox Metals, Infra-Metals Co., Liebovich, Metals USA, Metalweb, National Specialty Alloys, Northern Illinois Steel, Pacific Metal, PDM Steel, Phoenix Metals, Precision Flamecutting, Precision Strip, Reliance Metalcenter, Siskin Steel, Service Steel Aerospace, Sugar Steel, Sunbelt Steel, Tube Service, Tubular Steel, Valex, Viking Materials, Yarde Metals, Alaska Steel Company.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ This ordering shows \"periodic trends\", such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical properties.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ In general, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ The rows of the table are called periods; the columns are called groups.", "Periodic table __knowledge__ Six groups have generally accepted names as well as numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases.", "Writing implement __knowledge__ A writing implement or writing instrument is an object used to produce writing.", "Writing implement __knowledge__ Most of these items can be also used for other functions such as painting, drawing and technical drawing, but writing instruments generally have the ordinary requirement to create a smooth, controllable line.", "Writing implement __knowledge__ Another writing implement employed by a smaller population, is the stylus used by blind users in conjunction with the slate for punching out the dots in Braille.", "Writing implement __knowledge__ These have an inherent functionality in that their useful life corresponds to the length of their physical existence, i.e.", "Writing implement __knowledge__ they cannot \"run out\" and persist as useless objects.", "Pencil __knowledge__ A pencil is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken and/or from leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.", "Pencil __knowledge__ Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface.", "Pencil __knowledge__ They are distinct from pens, which instead disperse a trail of liquid or gel ink that stains the light colour of the paper by absorption.", "Pencil __knowledge__ Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder which leaves grey or black marks that can be easily erased.", "Colored pencil __knowledge__ A colored pencil (US-English), coloured pencil (UK-English, Canada-English), pencil crayon (Canada-English), lead or coloured/colouring lead (Newfoundland-English) is an art medium constructed of a narrow, pigmented core encased in a wooden cylindrical case.", "Colored pencil __knowledge__ Unlike graphite and charcoal pencils, colored pencils’ cores are wax- or oil-based and contain varying proportions of pigments, additives, and binding agents.", "Colored pencil __knowledge__ Water-soluble (watercolor) pencils and pastel pencils are also manufactured as well as colored leads for mechanical pencils.", "Colored pencil __knowledge__ Colored pencils vary greatly in terms of quality and usability; concentration of pigments in the core, lightfastness of the pigments, durability of the colored pencil, and softness of the lead are some indicators of a brand’s quality and, consequently, its market price.", "Crayola __knowledge__ Crayola LLC is an American handicraft company, specializing in artists' supplies, it is known for its brand Crayola and best known for its crayons.", "Crayola __knowledge__ The company is based in Forks Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, USA.", "Crayola __knowledge__ Since 1984, Crayola has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Hallmark Cards.", "Crayola __knowledge__ Originally an industrial pigment supply company, Crayola soon shifted its focus to art products for home and school use, beginning with chalk, then crayons, followed later by colored pencils, markers, paints, modeling clay, and other related goods.", "Crayola __knowledge__ All Crayola-branded products are marketed as nontoxic and safe for use by children.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ Crayola manufactures several different types of colored pencils.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ The most popular one is the standard sharpenable wood-shafted pencil, which also offers the widest range of available colors.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ A smaller and slightly different range of colors is available in mechanical pencil format as part of their \"Twistable\" product line.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ Both formats have a certain subset of \"Erasable\" colors.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ Although the default colored pencils are not completely indelible, their markings have a slightly waxy texture that tends to smear and thin out rather than truly erasing.", "List of Crayola colored pencil colors __knowledge__ Crayola also produces several other specialty colored pencils.", "Crayon __knowledge__ A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of colored wax, charcoal, chalk or other material used for writing or drawing.", "Crayon __knowledge__ A crayon made of pigment with a dry binder is a pastel; when made of oiled chalk it is called an oil pastel.", "Crayon __knowledge__ A grease pencil or Chinese marker (UK chinagraph pencil) is made of colored hardened grease.", "Crayon __knowledge__ There are also watercolor crayons, sometimes called water-soluble crayons.", "Crayon __knowledge__ Crayons are available at a range of prices and are easy to work with.", "Crayon __knowledge__ They are less messy than most paints and markers, blunt (removing the risk of sharp points present when using a pencil or pen), typically nontoxic, and are available in a wide variety of colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Drawing __knowledge__ Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, various metals (such as silverpoint) and electronic drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used.", "Drawing __knowledge__ Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history.", "Drawing __knowledge__ It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.", "Drawing __knowledge__ The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.", "Drawing __knowledge__ In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering and technical drawing.", "Drawing __knowledge__ A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Daiyuexuan writing brush (; \"\"Bǐ\"\" means \"\"ink brush\"\"), is a famous brand of ink brush pens in China.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ The brand was first created by brush pen maker Dai Yuexuan () in Beijing in Late-Qing Dynasty.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Dai Yuexuan was a professional craftsman of making ink brushes, and he was originally from Zhejiang Province.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Dai learned the techniques from Huzhou, also a city in Zhejiang.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Huzhou is very famous of its ink brush-making, and was the largest center of ink brush manufacture and production during that time.", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Ink brushes made in Huzhou are finely names as \"Hubi\" (Huzhou ink brushes).", "Daiyuexuan writing brush __knowledge__ Dai went to North China to develop his own business, and finally settled in Beijing, the capital of China.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ Houdian writing brush or Houdian-Maobi (; \"\"Máo-Bǐ\"\" here means \"\"ink brush\"\"), is a famous kind of ink brushes in China.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ Along with Huzhou ink brushes, Xuan writing brushes, and Daiyuexuan writing brushes, Houdian ink brushes are among one of the four most famous.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ Houdian is a small village in Hubei Province.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ The activities of manufacturing and producing ink brushes already started in the Ming dynasty.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ The earliest historic record can be traced back to 1404.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Houdian ink brushes were largely flourished, especially during the Guangxu era.", "Houdian writing brush __knowledge__ Houdian brushes have more than 270 different kinds in total.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ Ink brushes () are used in Chinese calligraphy.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ They are also used in Chinese painting and other brush painting styles.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ The brush was invented in China around 300 B.C.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ Together with the inkstone, inkstick and Xuan paper, these four writing implements form the Four Treasures of the Study.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ Brushes differ greatly in terms of size, texture, material, and cost.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ The brush hair chosen depends on one's needs at the moment; certain kinds of brushes are more suited to certain script styles and individuals than others.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ Synthetic hair is not traditionally used.", "Ink brush __knowledge__ Prices vary greatly depending on the quality of the brush; cheap brushes cost less than one US dollar while expensive brushes can cost more than a thousand dollars.", "Huzhou ink brush __knowledge__ The term Hubi is dedicated to the Huzhou ink brush (Traditional Chinese: 湖筆; Simplified Chinese: 湖笔; Pinyin: Húbǐ; \"Hú\" stands for \"Huzhou\", \"\"Bǐ\"\" meaning \"ink brush\").", "Huzhou ink brush __knowledge__ The ink brushes are produced in Huzhou () of Zhejiang Province, China.", "Huzhou ink brush __knowledge__ Historically, the workshops of ink brushes were congregated in \"Wuxin\" (Traditional Chinese: 吳興; Simplified Chinese: 吴兴; Pinyin: Wú Xìng), currently Wuxing District of Huzhou.", "Huzhou ink brush __knowledge__ So it's also named \"Wuxing Hubi\" (Traditional Chinese: 吳興湖筆; Simplified Chinese: 吴兴湖笔; Pinyin: Wúxìng Húbǐ).", "Huzhou ink brush __knowledge__ Huzhou has a long history of manufacturing ink brushes, and it can be traced back to Qin Dynasty.", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ A camel-hair brush is a type of paintbrush with soft bristles made from natural hairs, usually squirrel.", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ Camel hair is not a suitable material, although historically camel was used for ancient Chinese ink brushes (and for camel hair cloth).", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ It is a widely used brush in art, but is considered inferior to the more expensive sable and ox-hair brushes.", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ In some niche applications, such as pinstriping, camel hair is an ideal brush.", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ Camel-hair brushes have numerous uses outside of art, particularly dusting where a soft brush is needed for delicate objects or skin.", "Camel-hair brush __knowledge__ The bristles of camel-hair brushes are traditionally made of squirrel hair and this is still the most common material.", "Xuan writing brush __knowledge__ Xuan writing brush or Xuanbi (), is a type of ink brush made in Anhui Province, China.", "Xuan writing brush __knowledge__ Xuan brushes are often mentioned together with the famous Xuan paper - a kind of writing paper (rice-paper).", "Xuan writing brush __knowledge__ The ink brushes are normally made in Jingxian County (currently Jing County) of Anhui Province.", "Xuan writing brush __knowledge__ In ancient times, Jingxian County was under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou Prefecture (宣州府; Xuān-Zhōu Fǔ; currently Xuancheng), so its name bears the character \"Xuan\" (Xuān).", "Xuan writing brush __knowledge__ The Xuan brushes gained popularity in Jin Dynasty (256-420) among classic scholars, governmental officials, calligraphists and painters.", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ A contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as, \"the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner\".", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ Modern calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not be readable.", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ Classical calligraphy differs from typography and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may practice both.", "Calligraphy __knowledge__ Calligraphy continues flourishing in the forms of wedding invitations and event invitations, font design and typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, announcements, graphic design and commissioned calligraphic art, cut stone inscriptions, and memorial documents.", "Metal __knowledge__ A metal (from Greek μέταλλον \"métallon\", \"mine, quarry, metal\") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.", "Metal __knowledge__ Metals are generally malleable—that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking—as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire).", "Metal __knowledge__ Around 90 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals; the others are nonmetals or metalloids, though elements near the boundaries of each category have been assigned variably to either (hence the lack of an exact count).", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Post-transition metals are a set of metallic elements in the periodic table located between the transition metals to their left, and the metalloids to their right.", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Depending on where these adjacent groups are judged to begin and end, there are at least five competing proposals for which elements to include: the three most common contain six, ten and thirteen elements, respectively (see image).", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ All proposals include gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth.", "Post-transition metal __knowledge__ Physically, post-transition metals are soft (or brittle), have poor mechanical strength, and have melting points lower than those of the transition metals.", "Period 6 element __knowledge__ A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or \"period\") of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanides.", "Period 6 element __knowledge__ The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns.", "Period 6 element __knowledge__ The sixth period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 7, beginning with caesium and ending with radon.", "Period 6 element __knowledge__ Lead is currently the last stable element; all subsequent elements are radioactive.", "Platinum __knowledge__ Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78.", "Platinum __knowledge__ It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal.", "Platinum __knowledge__ Its name is derived from the Spanish term \"platina\", meaning \"little silver\".", "Platinum __knowledge__ Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements.", "Platinum __knowledge__ It has six naturally occurring isotopes.", "Platinum __knowledge__ It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg.", "Platinum __knowledge__ It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ There is neither a standard definition of a metalloid nor complete agreement on the elements appropriately classified as such.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature of chemistry.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ The six commonly recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine.", "Metalloid __knowledge__ On a standard periodic table, all eleven are in a diagonal area in the p-block extending from boron at the upper left to astatine at lower right, along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals shown on some periodic tables.", "Iron __knowledge__ Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ) and atomic number 26.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is a metal in the first transition series.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.", "Iron __knowledge__ It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.", "Iron __knowledge__ Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars, where it is the last element to be produced with release of energy before the violent collapse of a supernova, which scatters the iron into space.", "Iron __knowledge__ Like the other group 8 elements, ruthenium and osmium, iron exists in a wide range of oxidation states, −2 to +7, although +2 and +3 are the most common.", "Lead __knowledge__ Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin \"plumbum\") and atomic number 82.", "Lead __knowledge__ It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials.", "Lead __knowledge__ Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point.", "Lead __knowledge__ When freshly cut, lead is bluish-white; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air.", "Lead __knowledge__ Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements.", "Lead __knowledge__ Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal.", "Lead __knowledge__ Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds." ] ]	[ 3, 2, 25, 4 ]	[ "I really enjoy doing traditional drawings! I love using pencils to release a small mark onto a surface.", "Oh yes drawing has been around for a long time. There are so many instruments used to draw like graphite pencils, pen and ink, ink brushes, colored pencils, crayons, chalk, markers, and even various metals.", "I believe since metals are generally malleable, fusible, and ductile that some of them are able to be made into drawing implements. ", "I believe brushes would be considered painting, though they use a lot of the same mediums like paper, cardboard, plastic, leather, and canvas to design on." ]	[ "Drawing", "Drawing", "Drawing", "Drawing" ]
[ "Dragon", "That would be so fun, but where would you keep it?", "That is interesting! Is there any animal that people think descended from a dragon?", "That reminds me of the komado dragon. Is that where it came from?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ Yahtzee is a dice game made by Milton Bradley (now owned by Hasbro), which was first marketed as \"Yatzie\" by the National Association Service of Toledo, Ohio, in the early 1940s.", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ Yatzie was included in a game set called \"LUCK - 15 Grand Dice Games\".", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ It was marketed under the name of Yahtzee by game entrepreneur Edwin S. Lowe in 1956.", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ Lowe is also responsible for introducing Bingo to the U.S. market.", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ The game is a development of earlier dice games such as Poker Dice, Yacht and Generala.", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ It is also similar to Yatzy, which is popular in Scandinavia.", "Yahtzee __knowledge__ The objective of the game is to score points by rolling five dice to make certain combinations.", "Mandatory Fun __knowledge__ Mandatory Fun is the fourteenth studio album by American musician \"Weird Al\" Yankovic.", "Mandatory Fun __knowledge__ Self-produced, the album was released by RCA Records in the United States on July 15, 2014.", "Mandatory Fun __knowledge__ Yankovic had previously released \"Alpocalypse\" in 2011, and toured in support of it when he first spoke of his next record.", "Mandatory Fun __knowledge__ When he began to work on what would become \"Mandatory Fun\", Yankovic found himself listening to older acts, many of which he would stylistically spoof on the album.", "Mandatory Fun __knowledge__ Recorded at studios in Los Angeles and Massachusetts from 2012 to 2014, the album contains twelve songs, which include parodies of songs by Pharrell Williams, Robin Thicke, Iggy Azalea, Lorde and Imagine Dragons.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic is a 2006 graphic memoir by the American cartoonist Alison Bechdel, author of the comic strip \"Dykes to Watch Out For\".", "Fun Home __knowledge__ It chronicles the author's childhood and youth in rural Pennsylvania, United States, focusing on her complex relationship with her father.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ The book addresses themes of sexual orientation, gender roles, suicide, emotional abuse, dysfunctional family life, and the role of literature in understanding oneself and one's family.", "Fun Home __knowledge__ Writing and illustrating \"Fun Home\" took seven years, in part because of Bechdel's laborious artistic process, which includes photographing herself in poses for each human figure.", "Spam Prevention Early Warning System __knowledge__ The Spam Prevention Early Warning System (SPEWS) was an anonymous service which maintained a list of IP address ranges belonging to Internet service providers (ISPs) which host spammers and show little action to prevent their abuse of other networks' resources.", "Spam Prevention Early Warning System __knowledge__ It could be used by Internet sites as an additional source of information about the senders of unsolicited bulk email, better known as spam.", "Spam Prevention Early Warning System __knowledge__ SPEWS is no longer active.", "Spam Prevention Early Warning System __knowledge__ A successor, the Anonymous Postmaster Early Warning System (APEWS), appeared in January 2007.", "Spam Prevention Early Warning System __knowledge__ SPEWS itself published a large text file containing its listings, and operated a database where web users could query the reasons for a listing.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the BBC fantasy drama television series \"Merlin\", including supporting characters.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ \"Note: All characters are listed in alphabetical order by their first name.\"", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ Aglain (portrayed by Colin Salmon) was a Druid man who lived in the Forest of Acestir.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ In the second-season episode, \"The Nightmare Begins\", he, with the assistance of Mordred, rescued Morgana from a group of serkets, and later healed the injury she sustained from one of the creatures.", "List of Merlin characters __knowledge__ While she resided with him and his fellow Druids, Aglain encouraged Morgana not to fear herself and her emerging abilities, telling her that magic was not evil and not something Uther should hate.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the \"Kirby\" video game series developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ is a pink \"puffball\" who has been the star of a number of namesake games developed by HAL Laboratory.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ Kirby has appeared in over twenty games since 1992 and has starred in his own animated series.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ The Kirby series has sold over 33 million units worldwide.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ The core games of the series are platformers.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ The villains he encounters typically threaten his home of on the planet Pop Star, most often the greedy King Dedede or the mysterious Meta Knight.", "List of Kirby characters __knowledge__ The main games always have Kirby with the same basic abilities; he can walk, run, jump, float, and inhale and spit out or swallow his enemies.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Gunpowder is the first physical explosive and propellant.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Before its invention, many incendiary and burning devices had been used, including Greek fire.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ The invention of gunpowder is attributed to experimentation in Chinese alchemy by Taoists in the pursuit of immortality, and is popularly listed as one of the \"Four Great Inventions\" of China.", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ It was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) but the earliest record of a written formula appeared in the Song dynasty (11th century).", "History of gunpowder __knowledge__ Knowledge of gunpowder spread rapidly throughout the Old World possibly as a result of the Mongol conquests during the 13th century, with written formula for it appearing in the 1267 \"Opus Majus\" treatise by Roger Bacon and a 1280 treatise by Hasan al-Rammah.", "Zilant __knowledge__ Zilant (Tartaria, Russian: \"Зилант\") is a legendary creature, something between a dragon and a wyvern.", "Zilant __knowledge__ Since 1730, it has been the official symbol of Kazan.", "Zilant __knowledge__ This winged snake is mentioned in legends about the foundation of Kazan.", "Zilant __knowledge__ A Zilant is a legendary creature with the head of a dragon, the body of a bird, the legs of a chicken, the neck and tail of a snake, the ears of a canine, red wings, sharp teeth, dark-gray feathers and scaly dark-gray skin.", "Zilant __knowledge__ The word \"Zilant\" is the English transcription of Russian \"Зилант\", itself a rendering of Tatar \"yılan/елан\", pronounced (or sometimes ) and meaning a snake.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the characters from the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\".", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ It consists of main, secondary, minor, and one-off characters.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ Iggy Arbuckle, voiced by Jonathan Wilson, is the title character of the animated children's series \"Iggy Arbuckle\", and the show's main protagonist.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is a white pig with large, aquamarine eyes, who wears a green forest ranger's uniform and a hat which has a ranger's badge on it.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He is the keeper of the Kookamunga.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ He has vast knowledge of the wilderness, and is in charge of making sure everything goes in proper order.", "List of Iggy Arbuckle characters __knowledge__ However, in \"A Whale of a Tale\", Sir Percy Nibblemore reveals that Iggy only has authority over what goes on on dry land." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "Atheha, India __knowledge__ Atheha is a Town in Lalganj tehsil, Pratapgarh district of Indian state Uttar Pradesh.", "Atheha, India __knowledge__ Atheha is located at .", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Night World __knowledge__ Night World is a series of ten (with the tenth as yet unpublished) young adult fantasy novels by American author L. J. Smith.", "Night World __knowledge__ The series presents a story in which vampires, witches, werewolves, and shapeshifters live among humans without their knowledge.", "Night World __knowledge__ These supernatural races make up a secret society known as the Night World, which enforces two fundamental laws to prevent discovery: 1) Never allow humans to gain knowledge of the Night World's existence and, 2) Never fall in love with a human.", "Night World __knowledge__ Each volume of the series follows a different protagonist (always a teenage girl) who must face various challenges involving love, the \"soulmate principle\" and the Night World's strict code.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ Chinese dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology and Chinese folklore.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ The dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ Chinese dragons traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water, rainfall, typhoons, and floods.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck for people who are worthy of it.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ With this, the Emperor of China usually used the dragon as a symbol of his imperial power and strength.", "Chinese dragon __knowledge__ In Chinese daily language, excellent and outstanding people are compared to a dragon, while incapable people with no achievements are compared with other, disesteemed creatures, such as a worm.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" (\"D&D\") fantasy role-playing game, dragons are an iconic type of monstrous creature used as adversaries or, less commonly, allies of player characters.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ As a group, \"D&D\" dragons are loosely based upon dragons from a wide range of fictional and mythological sources.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In \"D&D\", dragons are depicted as any of various species of large, intelligent, magical, reptilian beasts, each typically defined by a combination of their demeanor and either the color of their scales or their elemental affinity.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ For example, a commonly presented species of dragon is the red dragon, which is named for its red scales, and known for its evil and greedy nature, as well as its ability to breathe fire.", "European dragon __knowledge__ European dragons are legendary creatures in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In the modern period, the European dragon is typically depicted as a large, fire-breathing, scaly, horned, lizard-like creature; the creature also has leathery, bat-like wings, four legs, and a long, muscular prehensile tail.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Some depictions show dragons with feathered wings, crests, ear frills, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine, and various exotic decorations.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Others have no legs or multiple heads.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In folktales, dragon's blood often contains unique powers, keeping them alive for longer or giving them poisonous or acidic properties.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ The serpent, or snake, is one of the oldest and most widespread mythological symbols.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ The word is derived from Latin \"serpens\", a crawling animal or snake.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ Snakes have been associated with some of the oldest rituals known to humankind and represent dual expression of good and evil.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ In some cultures, snakes were fertility symbols.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ For example, the Hopi people of North America performed an annual snake dance to celebrate the union of Snake Youth (a Sky spirit) and Snake Girl (an Underworld spirit) and to renew the fertility of Nature.", "Serpent (symbolism) __knowledge__ During the dance, live snakes were handled and at the end of the dance the snakes were released into the fields to guarantee good crops.", "Ala (demon) __knowledge__ An ala or hala (plural: \"ale\" or \"hali\") is a female mythological creature recorded in the folklore of Bulgarians, Macedonians, and Serbs.", "Ala (demon) __knowledge__ Ale are considered demons of bad weather whose main purpose is to lead hail-producing thunderclouds in the direction of fields, vineyards, or orchards to destroy the crops, or loot and take them away.", "Ala (demon) __knowledge__ Extremely voracious, ale particularly like to eat children, though their gluttony is not limited to Earth.", "Ala (demon) __knowledge__ It is believed they sometimes try devouring the Sun or the Moon, causing eclipses, and that it would mean the end of the world should they succeed.", "Ala (demon) __knowledge__ When people encounter an ala, their mental or physical health, or even life, are in peril; however, her favor can be gained by approaching her with respect and trust.", "Typhon __knowledge__ Typhon (; , \"Tuphōn\" ), also Typhoeus (; , \"Tuphōeus\"), Typhaon (, \"Tuphaōn\") or Typhos (, \"Tuphōs\"), was a monstrous serpentine giant and the most deadly creature in Greek mythology.", "Typhon __knowledge__ According to Hesiod, Typhon was the son of Gaia and Tartarus.", "Typhon __knowledge__ However one source has Typhon as the son of Hera alone, while another makes Typhon the offspring of Cronus.", "Typhon __knowledge__ Typhon and his mate Echidna were the progenitors of many famous monsters.", "Typhon __knowledge__ Typhon attempted to overthrow Zeus for the supremacy of the cosmos.", "Typhon __knowledge__ The two fought a cataclysmic battle, which Zeus finally won with the aid of his thunderbolts.", "Typhon __knowledge__ Defeated, Typhon was cast into Tartarus, or buried underneath Mount Etna, or the island of Ischia.", "Dragons in Greek mythology __knowledge__ Dragons play a great role in Greek mythology.", "Dragons in Greek mythology __knowledge__ The word dragon derives from the Greek δράκων (drakōn) and its Latin cognate draco.", "Dragons in Greek mythology __knowledge__ Ancient Greeks applied the term to large, constricting snakes.", "Dragons in Greek mythology __knowledge__ Daniel Ogden speaks of three ways to explain the origins of Greek dragon myths: as \"vertical\" evolution from (reconstructed) Proto-Indo-European mythology, as \"horizontal\" adaptation from Ancient Near Eastern mythology, or as sitting within \"the cloud of international folktale\".", "Dragons in Greek mythology __knowledge__ Regarding theories of vertical transmission, Ogden argues that they carry \"an unspoken assumption that prior to such a transfer the Greeks' own myth-world was a \"tabula rasa\"\", which he calls absurd; only Typhon's Near Eastern origins are, in his view, plausible." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a legendary creature, typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine, reptilian or avian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures around world.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are: The two traditions may have evolved separately, but have influenced each other to a certain extent, particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries.", "Dragon __knowledge__ The English word \"\" and Latin word \"\" derive from Greek (\"drákōn\"), \"dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The word \"dragon\" entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French \"dragon\", which in turn comes from Latin \"draconem\" (nominative \"draco\") meaning \"huge serpent, dragon\", from the Greek word δράκων, \"drakon\" (genitive \"drakontos\", δράκοντος) \"serpent, giant seafish\".", "Dragon __knowledge__ The Greek and Latin term referred to any great serpent, not necessarily mythological, and this usage was also current in English up to the 18th century.", "Dragon __knowledge__ A dragon is a mythological representation of a reptile.", "Dragon __knowledge__ In antiquity, dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Since the Middle Ages, however, it has become common to depict dragons with legs, resembling a lizard.", "Dragon __knowledge__ Dragons are usually shown in modern times with a body like a huge lizard, or a snake with two pairs of lizard-type legs, and able to emit fire from their mouths.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ The characters of \"\" are very varied.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ They include the inhabitants of the Earth, the monstrous inhabitants of the alternate dimension Ventara, and the Kamen Riders who can exist in both.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Created by the \"Advent Master\" Eubulon, the original 12 Kamen Riders were the chosen defenders of the \"mirror world\" known as Ventara.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ With the exception of Wing Knight (and later Siren), they were all implied to have been vented in battle with Xaviax when one of their own (the original Dragon Knight, Adam) betrayed them and their Advent Decks were stolen.", "List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters __knowledge__ Since the Decks were designed to work with only one person, each Deck only functions again when given to humans on Earth that are \"mirror twins\" of their Ventaran counterparts, with matching DNA or when Eubulon reassigns the deck.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe, the same as Toriyama's previous series \"Dr. Slump\", and follows the adventures of Son Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls that are used to summon a wish-granting dragon.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ During the course of the story, he encounters allies such as Bulma, Kuririn, and Trunks, rivals such as Tenshinhan, Piccolo, and Vegeta, and enemies such as Freeza, Cell, Majin Boo and Zamasu.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" (\"D&D\") fantasy role-playing game, dragons are an iconic type of monstrous creature used as adversaries or, less commonly, allies of player characters.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ As a group, \"D&D\" dragons are loosely based upon dragons from a wide range of fictional and mythological sources.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ In \"D&D\", dragons are depicted as any of various species of large, intelligent, magical, reptilian beasts, each typically defined by a combination of their demeanor and either the color of their scales or their elemental affinity.", "Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons) __knowledge__ For example, a commonly presented species of dragon is the red dragon, which is named for its red scales, and known for its evil and greedy nature, as well as its ability to breathe fire.", "Dragon Quest __knowledge__ Dragon Quest, published as Dragon Warrior in North America until 2005, is a series of console role-playing video games created by Yuji Horii and his studio Armor Project.", "Dragon Quest __knowledge__ The games are published by Square Enix (formerly Enix), with localized versions of later installments for the Nintendo DS being published by Nintendo outside Japan.", "Dragon Quest __knowledge__ With its first title published in 1986, there are eleven main-series titles, along with numerous spin-off games.", "Dragon Quest __knowledge__ Nearly every game in the main series has either an anime or manga adaptation, or both.", "Dragon Quest __knowledge__ The series has had a significant impact on the development of console role-playing games, and introduced a number of features to the genre.", "WMAC Masters __knowledge__ WMAC Masters is an American live-action television show produced by Norman Grossfeld featuring choreographed martial arts fights.", "WMAC Masters __knowledge__ It was created and produced by 4Kids Productions (later known as 4Kids Entertainment) in conjunction with Renaissance-Atlantic Films (best known as the co-producers of the Power Rangers franchise), and syndicated by The Summit Media Group (4Kids and Summit Media were divisions of licensing agency Leisure Concepts Inc., known today as 4Licensing).", "WMAC Masters __knowledge__ The show, while featuring real martial arts by trained martial artists, depicted a fantasy setting using fictional episodic stories, with each episode relating a life lesson.", "Jane and the Dragon (TV series) __knowledge__ Jane and the Dragon is a Canadian-New Zealand CGI children's animated television series based on the books of the same name by Martin Baynton.", "Jane and the Dragon (TV series) __knowledge__ The show is directed by Mike Fallows and motion capture directed by Peter Salmon; it is co-produced by Weta Workshop (as Weta Productions) in New Zealand and Nelvana Limited in Canada.", "Jane and the Dragon (TV series) __knowledge__ The series follows the comedic exploits of Jane, an adolescent girl training to be a knight, and her friend, Dragon, a talking, flying, 300-year-old, fire-breathing dragon.", "Jane and the Dragon (TV series) __knowledge__ The program originally aired on YTV in Canada and on ABC in Australia.", "Jane and the Dragon (TV series) __knowledge__ Since September 9, 2006, it has also been running as part of the Qubo lineup, and can be seen on Five in the UK.", "Saracens F.C. __knowledge__ Saracens Football Club are an English professional rugby union team based in London, England.", "Saracens F.C. __knowledge__ Established in 1876, they currently play in the English Premiership, the top level of domestic rugby union in England, and are the reigning champions of the European Rugby Champions Cup, which they have won twice consecutively, in 2016 and 2017.", "Saracens F.C. __knowledge__ Since 2012, Saracens have played their home games at Allianz Park in Hendon; previous grounds have included Vicarage Road in Watford, and Bramley Road.", "Saracens F.C. __knowledge__ The club's home playing colours are black and red.", "Saracens F.C. __knowledge__ Saracens were founded in 1876 by the Old Boys of the Philological School in Marylebone, London (later to become St Marylebone Grammar School).", "European dragon __knowledge__ European dragons are legendary creatures in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In the modern period, the European dragon is typically depicted as a large, fire-breathing, scaly, horned, lizard-like creature; the creature also has leathery, bat-like wings, four legs, and a long, muscular prehensile tail.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Some depictions show dragons with feathered wings, crests, ear frills, fiery manes, ivory spikes running down its spine, and various exotic decorations.", "European dragon __knowledge__ Others have no legs or multiple heads.", "European dragon __knowledge__ In folktales, dragon's blood often contains unique powers, keeping them alive for longer or giving them poisonous or acidic properties.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.", "Middle Ages __knowledge__ Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the 10th century, Paris was a provincial cathedral city of little political or economic significance, but under the kings of the Capetian dynasty who ruled France between 987 and 1328, it developed into an important commercial and religious center and the seat of the royal administration of the country.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Île de la Cité became the site of the royal palace and the new cathedral of Notre-Dame, begun in 1163.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Left Bank was occupied by important monasteries, including the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the Abbey of St Genevieve.", "Paris in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ In the late 12th century, the collection of colleges on the left bank became one of the leading universities in Europe.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ The Lizard (Curt Connors) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ The character is usually depicted as an enemy of Spider-Man.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ In 2009, the Lizard was named IGN's 62nd Greatest Comic Villain of All Time.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ In the stories, Dr. Connors was a genetic biologist who researched the ability of certain reptiles to regrow missing limbs, partially to find a way to regenerate his right arm.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ After a test on himself, he transforms into a violent lizard monster.", "Lizard (comics) __knowledge__ Though able to revert to his human form, he suffers occasional fits of his alter ego breaking free.", "Characters in Dragonriders of Pern __knowledge__ Characters in the \"Dragonriders of Pern\" series of science fiction novels by Anne McCaffrey.", "Characters in Dragonriders of Pern __knowledge__ An advanced computer called AIVAS (Artificial Intelligence Voice Address System).", "Characters in Dragonriders of Pern __knowledge__ AIVAS was found by Jaxom, Jancis, and Piemur while they were excavating the city called Landing, the original settlement of the ancestors (the original colonists from \"Dragonsdawn\"), that had been buried in ash during a volcanic eruption.", "Characters in Dragonriders of Pern __knowledge__ AIVAS has remained undisturbed since the events of \"Dragonsdawn\" some 2,500 years earlier and, in addition to holding a huge volume of stored information long since lost to the Pernese society, claims to be able to eliminate the threat of Thread forever." ] ]	[ 1, 3, 8, 41 ]	[ "I would love to have a dragon as a pet. It's a legendary creature that typically spews fire.", "In my backyard of course! The word dragon comes from the Greek word drákōn which means serpent of huge size.", "Since the Middle Ages, It was common to present a dragon as a lizard.", "It's kind of like the European dragon which is typically described as a large, fire breathing, scaly, lizard like creature with bat like wings." ]	[ "Dragon", "Dragon", "Dragon", "Dragon" ]
[ "Romeo and Juliet\nI'm a hopeless romantic like Romeo and Juliet.", "How does the story of Romeo and Juliet end? I've only read parts of it.", "That's so sad, but true love never dies my friend.", "Is hamlet also a love story?", "Where did Shakespeare get his inspiration for Romeo and Juliet?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with \"Hamlet\", is one of his most frequently performed plays.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ \"Romeo and Juliet\" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as \"The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet\" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in \"Palace of Pleasure\" by William Painter in 1567.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare's use of his poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet may be one of the most-screened plays of all time.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The most notable theatrical releases were George Cukor's multi-Oscar-nominated 1936 production \"Romeo and Juliet\", Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film \"Romeo and Juliet\", and Baz Luhrmann's 1996 MTV-inspired \"Romeo + Juliet\".", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The latter two were both, at the time, the highest-grossing Shakespeare films.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ Cukor featured the mature actors Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard as the teenage lovers while Zeffirelli populated his film with beautiful young people, and Baz Luhrmann produced a heavily cut fast-paced version aimed at teenage audiences.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ Such Tweet Sorrow is a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in tweets.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ During the period of five weeks (April 10, 2010 – May 12, 2010) six professional actors performed the play on Twitter and other web devices.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The actors improvised around a prepared story grid and could interact with each other and react to followers, fans, real events and comments via Twitter.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The play was a cooperation between the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Mudlark Production Company.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The story of Romeo and Juliet's love is taken to the 21st century and is set in an unknown town in Great Britain.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The feud between the Montagues and the Capulets begins in 2000, when Susan Capulet, Juliet's mother, is killed in a car crash.", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch album) __knowledge__ Hopeless Romantic is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Michelle Branch.", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch album) __knowledge__ It was released on April 7, 2017, by Verve Records.", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch album) __knowledge__ Co-written and co-produced by Patrick Carney, whom Branch is dating, the album is Branch's first release with Verve after leaving her previous label, Reprise Records, and having the original album material scrapped.", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch album) __knowledge__ \"Hopeless Romantic\" is also Branch's first full-length album to be released since \"Hotel Paper\" (2003), and first overall release since the \"Everything Comes and Goes\" EP in 2010.", "Hopeless Romantic (Michelle Branch album) __knowledge__ The eponymous lead single from the album premiered on \"Billboard\" from her Vevo account on February 2, 2017, and was released digitally on February 3, 2017.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Rosaline ( or ) is an unseen character and niece of Lord Capulet in William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597).", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Although silent, her role is important.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo is at first deeply in love with Rosaline and expresses his dismay at her not loving him back.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo first spots Juliet while trying to catch a glimpse of Rosaline at a gathering hosted by the Capulet family.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars generally compare Romeo's short-lived love of Rosaline with his later love of Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ The poetry Shakespeare writes for Rosaline is much weaker than that for Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars believe Romeo's early experience with Rosaline prepares him for his relationship with Juliet.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Prince Escalus, the Prince of Verona, is the desperate resolver of the feuding families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He is based on the actual Scaligeri family which ruled Verona, possibly on Bartolomeo I. Escalus is the voice of authority in Verona.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He appears only three times within the text and only to administer justice following major events in the feud between the Capulet and Montague families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He first punishes Capulet and Montague for the quarrel between Tybalt, Benvolio, and a handful of servants.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He returns too late to stop the fatal brawls between Tybalt and Mercutio and, subsequently, Tybalt and Romeo.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Escalus is prepared to execute Romeo for his offence—Romeo's killing Tybalt—but lightens the sentence to lifetime banishment from Verona, when Benvolio insists that Tybalt started the quarrel by murdering Mercutio, a kinsman to Romeo.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ Para sa Hopeless Romantic is a 2015 Philippine teen romance film based on the best-selling romantic novel of the same name by Marcelo Santos III.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ The film is directed by Andoy Ranay, starring James Reid, Nadine Lustre, Julia Barretto and Iñigo Pascual.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ It was distributed by Viva Films and Star Cinema and was released on May 13, 2015, in select theaters across the Philippines.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ Becca (Nadine Lustre) thought that she had everything she could wish for in her life, until Nikko (James Reid) broke up with her.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ Everything in her life starts to fall apart.", "Para sa Hopeless Romantic __knowledge__ To recover, she started writing a story about Ryan (Inigo Pascual), a boy who harbors a secret crush on his best friend Maria (Julia Barretto)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with \"Hamlet\", is one of his most frequently performed plays.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ \"Romeo and Juliet\" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as \"The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet\" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in \"Palace of Pleasure\" by William Painter in 1567.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare's use of his poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Prince Escalus, the Prince of Verona, is the desperate resolver of the feuding families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He is based on the actual Scaligeri family which ruled Verona, possibly on Bartolomeo I. Escalus is the voice of authority in Verona.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He appears only three times within the text and only to administer justice following major events in the feud between the Capulet and Montague families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He first punishes Capulet and Montague for the quarrel between Tybalt, Benvolio, and a handful of servants.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He returns too late to stop the fatal brawls between Tybalt and Mercutio and, subsequently, Tybalt and Romeo.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Escalus is prepared to execute Romeo for his offence—Romeo's killing Tybalt—but lightens the sentence to lifetime banishment from Verona, when Benvolio insists that Tybalt started the quarrel by murdering Mercutio, a kinsman to Romeo.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet may be one of the most-screened plays of all time.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The most notable theatrical releases were George Cukor's multi-Oscar-nominated 1936 production \"Romeo and Juliet\", Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film \"Romeo and Juliet\", and Baz Luhrmann's 1996 MTV-inspired \"Romeo + Juliet\".", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The latter two were both, at the time, the highest-grossing Shakespeare films.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ Cukor featured the mature actors Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard as the teenage lovers while Zeffirelli populated his film with beautiful young people, and Baz Luhrmann produced a heavily cut fast-paced version aimed at teenage audiences.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ Such Tweet Sorrow is a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in tweets.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ During the period of five weeks (April 10, 2010 – May 12, 2010) six professional actors performed the play on Twitter and other web devices.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The actors improvised around a prepared story grid and could interact with each other and react to followers, fans, real events and comments via Twitter.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The play was a cooperation between the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Mudlark Production Company.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The story of Romeo and Juliet's love is taken to the 21st century and is set in an unknown town in Great Britain.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The feud between the Montagues and the Capulets begins in 2000, when Susan Capulet, Juliet's mother, is killed in a car crash.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Rosaline ( or ) is an unseen character and niece of Lord Capulet in William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597).", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Although silent, her role is important.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo is at first deeply in love with Rosaline and expresses his dismay at her not loving him back.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo first spots Juliet while trying to catch a glimpse of Rosaline at a gathering hosted by the Capulet family.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars generally compare Romeo's short-lived love of Rosaline with his later love of Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ The poetry Shakespeare writes for Rosaline is much weaker than that for Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars believe Romeo's early experience with Rosaline prepares him for his relationship with Juliet.", "Romeo + Juliet __knowledge__ William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet (shortened to Romeo + Juliet) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Baz Luhrmann, co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli, and co-written by Craig Pearce, being an adaptation and modernization of William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Romeo and Juliet\".", "Romeo + Juliet __knowledge__ The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet, who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her, despite their being members of the Montague and Capulet family; Brian Dennehy, John Leguizamo, Pete Postlethwaite, Paul Sorvino, and Diane Venora star in supporting roles.", "Juliet __knowledge__ Juliet Capulet () is the female protagonist in William Shakespeare's romantic tragedy \"Romeo and Juliet\".", "Juliet __knowledge__ Juliet is the only daughter of the patriarch of the House of Capulet and falls in love with Romeo, a member of the House of Montague (with which the Capulets have a blood feud).", "Juliet __knowledge__ The story has a long history that precedes Shakespeare himself.", "Juliet __knowledge__ The play takes place over a time span of four days.", "Juliet __knowledge__ Within these few days, Juliet is thrust into adulthood quickly—where she must deal with issues of life such as, romance, Passion, loss, and even death.", "Juliet __knowledge__ During the play she is courted by a potential husband named Count Paris, strongly falls romantically in love with Romeo who is the only son of her family's enemy, marries Romeo secretly, experiences the death of her first cousin Tybalt, has one brief passionate, romantic night with her new husband before he is forced to leave the city, is threatened by her father and nearly disowned by both of her parents for refusing to marry the man they have chosen for her, she is let down emotionally by the nurse who raised her from infancy, and spends nearly two days drugged to unconsciousness.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ Todd \"Romeo\" Smith is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Luke Mitchell.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ He made his first appearance on 10 September 2009.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ The character of Romeo is Mitchell's third acting job and he began filming his scenes in May 2009.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ Romeo is described as being cheeky, funny and confident.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ His storylines have included his relationships with Annie Campbell and Indi Walker and the introduction of his sister and mother.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ Romeo and Mitchell have proven popular and Mitchell won \"Most Popular New Male Talent\" at the 2010 Logie Awards.", "Romeo Smith __knowledge__ On 4 November 2012, it was revealed that Mitchell had decided to leave \"Home and Away\".", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ \"Star-crossed\" or \"star-crossed lovers\" is a phrase describing a pair of lovers whose relationship is often thwarted by outside forces.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ The term encompasses other meanings, but originally means the pairing is being \"thwarted by a malign star\" or that the stars are working against the relationship.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ Astrological in origin, the phrase stems from the belief that the positions of the stars ruled over people's fates, and is best known from the play \"Romeo and Juliet\" by the Elizabethan playwright William Shakespeare.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ Such pairings are often said to be doomed from the start.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ The phrase was coined in the prologue of Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\": It also refers to destiny and the inevitability of the two characters' paths crossing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with \"Hamlet\", is one of his most frequently performed plays.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ \"Romeo and Juliet\" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as \"The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet\" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in \"Palace of Pleasure\" by William Painter in 1567.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare's use of his poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the long-running musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is not based on the storyline in the original book by Gaston Leroux.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Lloyd Webber stated: \"I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece.\"", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ He later clarified: \"Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen \"Phantom of the Opera\" to understand \"Love Never Dies\".\"", "Anna O'Byrne __knowledge__ Anna O'Byrne is an Australian actress and soprano singer best known for her portrayal of Christine Daaé in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Phantom of the Opera\" and the original Australian production of Lloyd Webber's sequel, \"Love Never Dies\", for which she was nominated for a Green Room Award.", "Anna O'Byrne __knowledge__ O'Byrne has also portrayed Maria in \"West Side Story\", as well as Sister Sarah Brown in \"Guys and Dolls\".", "Anna O'Byrne __knowledge__ From 2016, O'Byrne has played Eliza Doolittle in the Julie Andrews directed production of \"My Fair Lady\" for Opera Australia at the Sydney Opera House, touring in 2017 to Brisbane, Melbourne and back to Sydney.", "Andrew Lloyd Webber __knowledge__ Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre.", "Andrew Lloyd Webber __knowledge__ Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway.", "Andrew Lloyd Webber __knowledge__ He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass.", "Andrew Lloyd Webber __knowledge__ Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals, notably \"The Music of the Night\" and \"All I Ask of You\" from \"The Phantom of the Opera\", \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" from \"Jesus Christ Superstar\", \"Don't Cry for Me, Argentina\" and \"You Must Love Me\" from \"Evita\", \"Any Dream Will Do\" from \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" and \"Memory\" from \"Cats\".", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ Sierra Marjory Boggess (born May 20, 1982) is an American theater actress and singer.", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ She is best known for originating the role of Ariel in \"The Little Mermaid\" on Broadway and for her multiple appearances as Christine Daaé in \"The Phantom of the Opera.\"", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ Sierra has been involved in several productions of \"The Phantom of the Opera\" beginning with the Las Vegas production in 2006.", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ In 2010 she was cast to reimagine the role of Christine Daaé in Phantom's sequel \"Love Never Dies\".", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ Sierra Boggess was born and raised in Denver, Colorado, with her older sister Summer and her younger sister Allegra.", "Sierra Boggess __knowledge__ The three of them were members of the Colorado Children's Chorale.", "Ramin Karimloo __knowledge__ Ramin Karimloo (; born September 19, 1978) is an Iranian-Canadian actor and singer, recognized chiefly for his work in London's West End.", "Ramin Karimloo __knowledge__ He has played the leading male role in both of the West End's longest running musicals: the Phantom and Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny in \"The Phantom of the Opera\", and Jean Valjean, Enjolras, and Marius Pontmercy in \"Les Misérables\".", "Ramin Karimloo __knowledge__ He also originated the role of the Phantom in Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"Love Never Dies\", which continues the story of \"The Phantom of the Opera\".", "Ramin Karimloo __knowledge__ He made his Broadway debut as Jean Valjean in the 2014 revival production of \"Les Misérables\", for which he received a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical nomination.", "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) __knowledge__ Over the Rainbow was a British television talent series that aired on BBC One from 26 March to 22 May 2010.", "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) __knowledge__ It documented the search for a new, undiscovered musical theatre performer to play the role of Dorothy Gale in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 2011 stage production of the 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz\" and a dog to play Toto for a one-off performance.", "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) __knowledge__ Produced by Talkback Thames for the BBC, the series was presented by Graham Norton.", "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) __knowledge__ It followed previous collaborations between the BBC and Lloyd Webber to find new musical theatre performers: \"How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?", "Over the Rainbow (2010 TV series) __knowledge__ \", \"Any Dream Will Do\" and \"I'd Do Anything\".", "Niamh Perry __knowledge__ Niamh Perry (born 10 June 1990) is a Northern Irish singer and actress who is best known for playing Fleck in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical \"Love Never Dies\".", "Niamh Perry __knowledge__ She came to prominence when she competed as one of the finalists in the BBC talent show-themed television series \"I'd Do Anything\" in 2008.", "Niamh Perry __knowledge__ Born in Bangor, County Down, Perry attended Our Lady and St. Patrick's College, Knock but left during her A-Levels in early 2008 and moved to London to compete in \"I'd Do Anything\".", "Niamh Perry __knowledge__ In 2007, she achieved a Distinction in her Grade eight classical singing examination, for which she won the South Eastern Education and Library Board (SEELB) Outstanding Achievement Award for Contribution to the Arts She was a member of Music Theatre for Youth (MT4UTH) from when the company was founded in 2005 and she was also a member of the MT4UTH Showcase group, Footlighters.", "Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story __knowledge__ Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story (倩女幽魂) is a Chinese period drama series produced by Taiwanese station CTS in collaboration with several other countries and is loosely based several famous folktales such as the love story of Nie Xiaoqian and Ning Caicheng from Pu Songling's novel \"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio\" (聊斋志异), the legend of Gan Jiang and Mo Ye and others.", "Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story __knowledge__ The cast consists of actors from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Singapore.", "Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story __knowledge__ Since Year of Yuan, the empire of Tang has enjoyed a hundred years of prosperity.", "Eternity: A Chinese Ghost Story __knowledge__ However, calamities and dangers nearly always lurk within affluent times.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ \"Star-crossed\" or \"star-crossed lovers\" is a phrase describing a pair of lovers whose relationship is often thwarted by outside forces.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ The term encompasses other meanings, but originally means the pairing is being \"thwarted by a malign star\" or that the stars are working against the relationship.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ Astrological in origin, the phrase stems from the belief that the positions of the stars ruled over people's fates, and is best known from the play \"Romeo and Juliet\" by the Elizabethan playwright William Shakespeare.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ Such pairings are often said to be doomed from the start.", "Star-crossed __knowledge__ The phrase was coined in the prologue of Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\": It also refers to destiny and the inevitability of the two characters' paths crossing.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ The Wonder Years is an American coming-of-age comedy-drama television series created by Neal Marlens and Carol Black.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ It ran on ABC from 1988 until 1993.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ The pilot aired on January 31, 1988, following ABC's coverage of Super Bowl XXII.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ It stars Fred Savage as Kevin Arnold, an adolescent boy growing up in a suburban middle class family, and takes place from 1968–1973.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ The show earned a spot in the Nielsen Top 30 during its first four seasons.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ \"TV Guide\" named it one of the 20 best shows of the 1980s.", "The Wonder Years __knowledge__ After six episodes, \"The Wonder Years\" won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1988.", "Cross Culture (album) __knowledge__ Cross Culture is the twenty-third studio album by American musician Joe Lovano and the third with his band Us Five.", "Cross Culture (album) __knowledge__ It was released in January 2013 under Blue Note Records to a favorable critical reception.", "Cross Culture (album) __knowledge__ On Metacritic, the album scored 71% on five reviews, which means \"generally favorable reviews\".", "Cross Culture (album) __knowledge__ John Fordham of \"The Guardian\" noted \"Saxophonist Joe Lovano's vast experience gives him a profound awareness of what jazz has been, and feeds a fertile imagination for what it can be.", "Cross Culture (album) __knowledge__ Cross Culture is more or less the two-drummers band that made the excellent Bird Songs in 2011—with Esperanza Spalding putting in a bass appearance, and gifted west African guitarist Lionel Loueke guesting—in a session celebrating idioms and instruments from all over the world\".", "Core self-evaluations __knowledge__ Core self-evaluations (CSE) represent a stable personality trait which encompasses an individual's subconscious, fundamental evaluations about themselves, their own abilities and their own control.", "Core self-evaluations __knowledge__ People who have high core self-evaluations will think positively of themselves and be confident in their own abilities.", "Core self-evaluations __knowledge__ Conversely, people with low core self-evaluations will have a negative appraisal of themselves and will lack confidence.", "Core self-evaluations __knowledge__ The concept of core self-evaluations was first examined by Judge, Locke, and Durham (1997) and involves four personality dimensions: locus of control, neuroticism, generalized self-efficacy, and self-esteem.", "Bajirao Mastani __knowledge__ Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, who also composed its soundtrack.", "Bajirao Mastani __knowledge__ The film was jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International's Kishore Lulla; it stars Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone and Priyanka Chopra.", "Bajirao Mastani __knowledge__ The supporting cast includes Tanvi Azmi, Vaibhav Tatwawaadi and Milind Soman.", "Bajirao Mastani __knowledge__ Based on the Marathi novel \"Raau\" by Nagnath S. Inamdar, \"Bajirao Mastani\" narrates the story of the Maratha \"Peshwa\" Bajirao I (1700-1740 AD) and his second wife Mastani.", "Bajirao Mastani __knowledge__ Conceived as early as the 1990s, Bhansali announced the film in 2003 but production was delayed several times due to its changing cast." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with \"Hamlet\", is one of his most frequently performed plays.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ \"Romeo and Juliet\" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as \"The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet\" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in \"Palace of Pleasure\" by William Painter in 1567.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare's use of his poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ \"Love Story\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ She also co-produced the track with Nathan Chapman.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ It was released on September 12, 2008 by Big Machine Records, as the lead single from Swift's second studio album \"Fearless\" (2008).", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ The song was written about a love interest of Swift's who was not popular among Swift's family and friends.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ Because of the scenario, Swift related to the plot of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597) and used it as a source of inspiration to compose the song.", "Love Story (Taylor Swift song) __knowledge__ However, she replaced \"Romeo and Juliet\"s original tragic conclusion with a happy ending.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ When God Writes Your Love Story: The Ultimate Approach to Guy/Girl Relationships is a 1999 book by Eric and Leslie Ludy, an American married couple.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ After becoming a bestseller on the Christian book market, the book was republished in 2004 and then revised and expanded in 2009.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ It tells the story of the authors' first meeting, courtship, and marriage.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ The authors advise single people not to be physically or emotionally intimate with others, but to wait for the spouse that God has planned for them.", "When God Writes Your Love Story __knowledge__ The first edition was packaged with a CD single by the Ludys: \"Faithfully\", a song they had written specifically to accompany the book.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Troilus ( ; ; ) is a legendary character associated with the story of the Trojan War.", "Troilus __knowledge__ The first surviving reference to him is in Homer's \"Iliad\", which some scholars theorize that was composed by bards and sung in the late 9th or 8th century BC.", "Troilus __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Troilus is a young Trojan prince, one of the sons of King Priam (or Apollo) and Hecuba.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Prophecies link Troilus' fate to that of Troy and so he is ambushed and murdered by Achilles.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Sophocles was one of the writers to tell this tale.", "Troilus __knowledge__ It was also a popular theme among artists of the time.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Ancient writers treated Troilus as the epitome of a dead child mourned by his parents.", "Hamlet __knowledge__ The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602.", "Hamlet __knowledge__ Set in Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet.", "Hamlet __knowledge__ Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brother's widow.", "Hamlet __knowledge__ \"Hamlet\" is Shakespeare's longest play, and is considered among the most powerful and influential works of world literature, with a story capable of \"seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others\".", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!/Love Story is an extended play by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro from her tenth studio album and debut bilingual album \"Uncontrolled\" (2012).", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ The EP contains the songs \"Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!\"", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ and \"Love Story\" from the parent album and two new tracks \"Higher\" and \"Arigatou\".", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ The EP was produced by Michico, T. Kura, Miriam Nervo, Olivia Nervo, T-SK, Tesung Kim and Nao'ymt, and is divided into two dance-pop songs and two pop ballads.", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ \"Sit!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Stay!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Wait!", "Sit! Stay! Wait! Down!/Love Story __knowledge__ Down!/Love Story\" was released on December 7, 2011 through Avex Trax and received positive reviews from most music critics; many highlighted Amuro's vocals and the b-side \"Higher\", while some felt the rest of the songs were boring and outdated.", "Hamlet (opera) __knowledge__ Hamlet is a grand opera in five acts of 1868 by the French composer Ambroise Thomas, with a libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier based on a French adaptation by Alexandre Dumas, père, and Paul Meurice of William Shakespeare's play \"Hamlet\".", "Hamlet (opera) __knowledge__ The Parisian public's fascination with Ophelia, prototype of the \"femme fragile\", began in the fall of 1827, when an English company directed by William Abbot came to Paris to give a season of Shakespeare in English at the Odéon.", "Hamlet (opera) __knowledge__ On 11 September 1827 the Irish actress Harriet Smithson played the part of Ophelia in \"Hamlet\".", "Hamlet (opera) __knowledge__ Her mad scene appeared to owe little to tradition and seemed almost like an improvisation, with several contemporary accounts remarking on her astonishing capacity for mime.", "Hamlet on screen __knowledge__ Over fifty films of William Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" have been made since 1900.", "Hamlet on screen __knowledge__ Seven post-war \"Hamlet\" films have had a theatrical release: Laurence Olivier's \"Hamlet\" of 1948; Grigori Kozintsev's 1964 Russian adaptation; a film of the John Gielgud-directed 1964 Broadway production, \"Richard Burton's Hamlet\", which played limited engagements that same year; Tony Richardson's 1969 version (the first in colour) featuring Nicol Williamson as Hamlet and Anthony Hopkins as Claudius; Franco Zeffirelli's 1990 version starring Mel Gibson; Kenneth Branagh's full-text 1996 version; and Michael Almereyda's 2000 modernisation, starring Ethan Hawke.", "Shakespeare in performance __knowledge__ Thousands (perhaps even millions) of performances of William Shakespeare's plays have been staged since the end of the 16th century.", "Shakespeare in performance __knowledge__ While Shakespeare was alive, many of his greatest plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men and King's Men acting companies at the Globe and Blackfriars Theatres.", "Shakespeare in performance __knowledge__ Among the actors of these original performances were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of \"Hamlet\", \"Othello\", \"Richard III\" and \"King Lear\"), Richard Cowley, and William Kempe.", "Shakespeare in performance __knowledge__ Shakespeare's plays continued to be staged after his death until the Interregnum (1642–1660), when most public stage performances were banned by the Puritan rulers.", "Shakespeare's reputation __knowledge__ In his own time, William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was rated as merely one among many talented playwrights and poets, but since the late 17th century he has been considered the supreme playwright and poet of the English language.", "Shakespeare's reputation __knowledge__ No other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the world stage as Shakespeare.", "Shakespeare's reputation __knowledge__ The plays have often been drastically adapted in performance.", "Shakespeare's reputation __knowledge__ During the 18th and 19th centuries, the era of the great acting stars, to be a star on the British stage was synonymous with being a great Shakespearean actor.", "Shakespeare's reputation __knowledge__ Then the emphasis was placed on the soliloquies as declamatory turns at the expense of pace and action, and Shakespeare's plays seemed in peril of disappearing beneath the added music, scenery, and special effects produced by thunder, lightning, and wave machines.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet may be one of the most-screened plays of all time.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The most notable theatrical releases were George Cukor's multi-Oscar-nominated 1936 production \"Romeo and Juliet\", Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film \"Romeo and Juliet\", and Baz Luhrmann's 1996 MTV-inspired \"Romeo + Juliet\".", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The latter two were both, at the time, the highest-grossing Shakespeare films.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ Cukor featured the mature actors Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard as the teenage lovers while Zeffirelli populated his film with beautiful young people, and Baz Luhrmann produced a heavily cut fast-paced version aimed at teenage audiences.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "William Shakespeare __knowledge__ William Shakespeare (; 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.", "William Shakespeare __knowledge__ He is often called England's national poet and the \"Bard of Avon\".", "William Shakespeare __knowledge__ His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship.", "William Shakespeare __knowledge__ His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.", "William Shakespeare __knowledge__ Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with \"Hamlet\", is one of his most frequently performed plays.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ \"Romeo and Juliet\" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as \"The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet\" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in \"Palace of Pleasure\" by William Painter in 1567.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.", "Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Shakespeare's use of his poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet may be one of the most-screened plays of all time.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The most notable theatrical releases were George Cukor's multi-Oscar-nominated 1936 production \"Romeo and Juliet\", Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film \"Romeo and Juliet\", and Baz Luhrmann's 1996 MTV-inspired \"Romeo + Juliet\".", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ The latter two were both, at the time, the highest-grossing Shakespeare films.", "Romeo and Juliet on screen __knowledge__ Cukor featured the mature actors Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard as the teenage lovers while Zeffirelli populated his film with beautiful young people, and Baz Luhrmann produced a heavily cut fast-paced version aimed at teenage audiences.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Prince Escalus, the Prince of Verona, is the desperate resolver of the feuding families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He is based on the actual Scaligeri family which ruled Verona, possibly on Bartolomeo I. Escalus is the voice of authority in Verona.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He appears only three times within the text and only to administer justice following major events in the feud between the Capulet and Montague families.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He first punishes Capulet and Montague for the quarrel between Tybalt, Benvolio, and a handful of servants.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ He returns too late to stop the fatal brawls between Tybalt and Mercutio and, subsequently, Tybalt and Romeo.", "Characters in Romeo and Juliet __knowledge__ Escalus is prepared to execute Romeo for his offence—Romeo's killing Tybalt—but lightens the sentence to lifetime banishment from Verona, when Benvolio insists that Tybalt started the quarrel by murdering Mercutio, a kinsman to Romeo.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ Such Tweet Sorrow is a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet in tweets.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ During the period of five weeks (April 10, 2010 – May 12, 2010) six professional actors performed the play on Twitter and other web devices.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The actors improvised around a prepared story grid and could interact with each other and react to followers, fans, real events and comments via Twitter.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The play was a cooperation between the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Mudlark Production Company.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The story of Romeo and Juliet's love is taken to the 21st century and is set in an unknown town in Great Britain.", "Such Tweet Sorrow __knowledge__ The feud between the Montagues and the Capulets begins in 2000, when Susan Capulet, Juliet's mother, is killed in a car crash.", "Shakespeare in Love __knowledge__ Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 American romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard.", "Shakespeare in Love __knowledge__ The film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) and playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) while he was writing \"Romeo and Juliet\".", "Shakespeare in Love __knowledge__ Several characters are based on historical figures, and many of the characters, lines, and plot devices allude to Shakespeare's plays.", "Shakespeare in Love __knowledge__ \"Shakespeare in Love\" won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Gwyneth Paltrow), Best Supporting Actress (Judi Dench), and Best Original Screenplay.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Rosaline ( or ) is an unseen character and niece of Lord Capulet in William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Romeo and Juliet\" (1597).", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Although silent, her role is important.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo is at first deeply in love with Rosaline and expresses his dismay at her not loving him back.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Romeo first spots Juliet while trying to catch a glimpse of Rosaline at a gathering hosted by the Capulet family.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars generally compare Romeo's short-lived love of Rosaline with his later love of Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ The poetry Shakespeare writes for Rosaline is much weaker than that for Juliet.", "Rosaline __knowledge__ Scholars believe Romeo's early experience with Rosaline prepares him for his relationship with Juliet.", "Liberature __knowledge__ Liberature is literature in which the material form is considered an important part of the whole and essential to understanding the work.", "Liberature __knowledge__ Liberature refers to a new kind of literature, a trans-genre, in which the text and the material form of a book constitute an inseparable whole.", "Liberature __knowledge__ The term itself is derived from the word ‘literature’, but draws from the Latin \"liber\", meaning \"a book\" and \"the free one\", as well as libra meaning \"measurement\" or \"writing as a measurement of words.\"", "Liberature __knowledge__ In a work of liberature, text does not serve as the sole source of meaning; the shape and the construction of the book, its format, the number of pages, its typographical layout, the size and type of the font applied, pictures and photographs integrated with the text, and type of paper or other material used in the process of creation of the book are all taken into consideration.", "Last Night in Twisted River __knowledge__ Last Night in Twisted River is a 2009 novel by American writer John Irving, his 12th since 1968.", "Last Night in Twisted River __knowledge__ It was first published (in English) in the Netherlands by De Bezige Bij on September 1, 2009, in Canada by Knopf Canada on October 20, 2009, and in the United States by Random House on October 27, 2009.", "Last Night in Twisted River __knowledge__ The novel spans five decades and is about a boy and his father who flee the logging community of Twisted River on the Androscoggin River in northern New Hampshire after a tragic accident.", "Last Night in Twisted River __knowledge__ While on the run, the boy grows up to become a famous writer, writing eight semi-autobiographical novels.", "Last Night in Twisted River __knowledge__ The book was included in \"Time\"'s 2009 list of \"the fall's most anticipated movies, books, TV shows, albums and exhibits\".", "History of Tyrone Gaelic football __knowledge__ Tyrone has been represented in Gaelic football for nearly a century, but until the mid eighties the senior team were considered among the weaker teams in Ulster.", "History of Tyrone Gaelic football __knowledge__ Today, Tyrone is considered one of the stronger teams, having won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship three times: in 2003, 2005 and 2008.", "History of Tyrone Gaelic football __knowledge__ Tyrone first won the Ulster Championship in 1956, and defended it in 1957, with a team that included the legendary Iggy Jones and Frankie Donnelly.", "History of Tyrone Gaelic football __knowledge__ However, for the vast majority of the 20th Century, Tyrone were considered one the weaker teams in Ulster, which itself was probably considered the weakest province.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.", "Tragedy __knowledge__ Tragedy (from the , \"tragōidia\") is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences.", "Tragedy __knowledge__ While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term \"tragedy\" often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilisation.", "Tragedy __knowledge__ That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—\"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity,\" as Raymond Williams puts it.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Characters of Shakespear's Plays is an 1817 book of criticism of Shakespeare's plays, written by early nineteenth century English essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ Composed in reaction to the neoclassical approach to Shakespeare's plays typified by Samuel Johnson, it was among the first English-language studies of Shakespeare's plays to follow the manner of German critic August Wilhelm Schlegel, and, with the work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, paved the way for the increased appreciation of Shakespeare's genius that was characteristic of later nineteenth-century criticism.", "Characters of Shakespear's Plays __knowledge__ It was also the first book to cover all of Shakespeare's plays, intended as a guide for the general reader.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ It may also refer to literature written by Italians or in Italy in other languages spoken in Italy, often languages that are closely related to modern Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ An early example of Italian literature is the tradition of vernacular lyric poetry performed in Occitan, which reached Italy by the end of the 12th century.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ In 1230, the Sicilian School is notable for being the first style in standard Italian.", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest of Italian poets, is notable for his \"Divine Comedy\".", "Italian literature __knowledge__ Petrarch did classical research and wrote lyric poetry." ] ]	[ 4, 48, 2, 31, 5 ]	[ "I always thought Romeo and Juliet was more of a tragic romance", "Well, there is a reason they are called star crossed lovers. They die at the end, due to outside forces beyond their control", "Hamlet was another major Shakespeare play along with Romeo and Juliet", "Not really. It is a tragedy that is probably considered one of the most powerful works of liberature", "It was inspired by an Italian tale \"the tragically history of Romeus and Juliet\"" ]	[ "Romeo and Juliet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Romeo and Juliet" ]
[ "Steak\nWhat's your favourite cut of steak?", "I like tender meat - are there other cuts that are tender as well? ", "How do you like your steaks done? ", "What are some other ways to have steak? " ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak (similar to country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish consisting of a piece of beefsteak (tenderized cube steak) coated with seasoned flour and pan-fried.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ It is sometimes associated with the Southern cuisine of the United States.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Despite the name, the dish contains no chicken, but is so-named because the cooking method is similar to that of fried chicken.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak resembles the Austrian dish \"Wiener Schnitzel\" and the Italian-South American dish \"Milanesa\", which is a tenderized veal or pork cutlet, coated with flour, eggs, and bread crumbs, and then fried.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ Chuck steak is a cut of beef and is part of the sub primal cut known as the chuck.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The typical chuck steak is a rectangular cut, about 1\" thick and containing parts of the shoulder bones, and is often known as a \"7-bone steak,\" as the shape of the shoulder bone in cross section resembles the numeral '7'.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ This cut is usually grilled or broiled; a thicker version is sold as a \"7-bone roast\" or \"chuck roast\" and is usually cooked with liquid as a pot roast.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The bone-in chuck steak or roast is one of the more economical cuts of beef.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, this part is commonly referred to as \"braising steak\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ Survivor is a satirical novel by Chuck Palahniuk, first published in February 1999.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ The book tells the story of Tender Branson, a member of the Creedish Church, a death cult.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ The chapters and pages are numbered backwards in the book, beginning with Chapter 47 on page 289 and ending with page 1 of Chapter 1.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ In the book, every member of the Creedish Cult learns how to be a servant for the human race—most of them are butlers and maids—and fear most human pleasures.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ They await a sign from God to tell them to deliver themselves unto Him; that is, they must commit suicide.", "Survivor (Palahniuk novel) __knowledge__ The sign finally comes, and a good ten years later, Tender becomes the last surviving member of the cult.", "Squab __knowledge__ In culinary terminology, squab is a young domestic pigeon, typically under four weeks old, or its meat.", "Squab __knowledge__ The meat is widely described as tasting like dark chicken.", "Squab __knowledge__ The term is probably of Scandinavian origin; the Swedish word \"skvabb\" means \"loose, fat flesh\".", "Squab __knowledge__ It formerly applied to all dove and pigeon species, such as the wood pigeon, the mourning dove, the extinct-in-the-wild socorro dove, and the now-extinct passenger pigeon, and their meat.", "Squab __knowledge__ More recently, squab meat comes almost entirely from domesticated pigeons.", "Squab __knowledge__ The meat of dove and pigeon gamebirds hunted primarily for sport is rarely called squab.", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ Tenderness is a quality of meat gauging how easily it is chewed or cut.", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ Tenderness is a desirable quality, as tender meat is softer, easier to chew, and generally more palatable than harder meat.", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ Conversely, tender pieces of meat generally acquire higher price than harder ones.", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ The tenderness depends on a number of factors including the meat grain, the amount of connective tissue, and the amount of fat.", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ Tenderness can be increased by a number of processing techniques, generally referred to as \"tenderizing\" or \"tenderization\".", "Meat tenderness __knowledge__ Tenderness is perhaps the most important of all factors impacting meat eating quality, with others being flavor, juiciness, and succulence.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Legal tender is a medium of payment recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Paper currency and coins are common forms of legal tender in many countries.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Legal tender is variously defined in different jurisdictions.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Formally, it is anything which when offered in payment extinguishes the debt.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Thus, personal cheques, credit cards, and similar non-cash methods of payment are not usually legal tender.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ The law does not relieve the debt obligation until payment is tendered.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Coins and banknotes are usually defined as legal tender.", "Legal tender __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions may forbid or restrict payment made other than by legal tender.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ Filet mignon (; French for \"tender fillet\" or \"delicate/ fine fillet\") is a steak cut of beef taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin, or psoas major of the beef carcass, usually a steer or heifer.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ In French this cut can also be called \"filet de bœuf\", which translates in English to \"beef fillet\".", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin runs along both sides of the spine, and is usually harvested as two long snake-shaped cuts of beef.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin is sometimes sold whole.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ When sliced along the short dimension, creating roughly round cuts, and tube cuts, the cuts (fillets) from the small forward end are considered to be filet mignon.", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef.", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ As with all quadrupeds, the tenderloin refers to the psoas major muscle ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, near the kidneys.", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ The tenderloin is an oblong shape spanning two primal cuts: the short loin (called the \"sirloin\" in Commonwealth countries) and the sirloin (called the rump in Commonwealth countries).", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ The tenderloin sits beneath the ribs, next to the backbone.", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ It has two ends: the butt and the \"tail\".", "Beef tenderloin __knowledge__ The smaller, pointed end—the \"tail\"—starts a little past the ribs, growing in thickness until it ends in the \"sirloin\" \"primal cut\", which is closer to the butt of the cow.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is a major meat in only a few countries, notably in Central Asia, but it forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many others, from Europe to South America to Asia.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ The top eight countries consume about 4.7 million horses a year.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is slightly sweet, tender and low in fat.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Because of the role horses have played as companions and as workers, and ensuing concerns about the ethics of the horse slaughter process, it is a taboo food in some cultures, for example the Romani, whose culture contains a rich history of equine husbandry.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks International, Inc., known as Omaha Steaks, is a retailer of steaks, seafood, and food gifts.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company is named after the city it was founded in, and the location of its headquarters, Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1917 as a butcher shop in Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ It is a fifth-generation, privately held family business, that grew to become one of America’s largest marketers of beef.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks also owns an affiliate company, World Port Seafood.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ J.J. Simon and his son, B.A., came to America to escape antisemitism.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Passing through Ellis Island in 1898, they settled in Omaha because of the farmland's similarity to their homeland Riga, Latvia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks International, Inc., known as Omaha Steaks, is a retailer of steaks, seafood, and food gifts.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company is named after the city it was founded in, and the location of its headquarters, Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1917 as a butcher shop in Omaha, Nebraska.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ It is a fifth-generation, privately held family business, that grew to become one of America’s largest marketers of beef.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Omaha Steaks also owns an affiliate company, World Port Seafood.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ J.J. Simon and his son, B.A., came to America to escape antisemitism.", "Omaha Steaks __knowledge__ Passing through Ellis Island in 1898, they settled in Omaha because of the farmland's similarity to their homeland Riga, Latvia.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks is a discontinued brand of steak and other meats that was owned by businessman, reality television host and now US President Donald Trump.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ The brand was launched in 2007 and was exclusively sold through The Sharper Image and QVC.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks failed to sell well through The Sharper Image, which discontinued sales of the brand after two months.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Businessman Donald Trump registered \"Trump Steaks\" as a U.S. trademark in August 2006.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Trump Steaks were launched on May 8, 2007, exclusively through The Sharper Image's catalog, stores, and website as part of a three-month trial period.", "Trump Steaks __knowledge__ Later that month, Trump and some contestants from his reality television series \"The Apprentice\" attended an event at a Rockefeller Plaza Sharper Image store to promote the steaks.", "Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks __knowledge__ Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks were the flagship product of the Bonnee Frozen Products Company, which also produced frozen tamales and cubed steaks.", "Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks __knowledge__ Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks consisted of “finely chopped beef, molded, frozen, sliced and buttered.” They were sold in packages which each contained four frozen 2-ounce beef patties and four frozen pats of 94-score butter.", "Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks __knowledge__ Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks cost 58 cents a pound in 1956, which at that time was 10 cents a pound more than smoked ham.", "Bonnee Buttered Beef Steaks __knowledge__ The beef steak patties were slim, so they could be cooked to perfection in about two minutes, using an iron skillet on a gas stove.", "Pat's King of Steaks __knowledge__ Pat's King of Steaks (also known as Pat's Steaks) is a Philadelphia restaurant specializing in cheesesteaks, and located at the intersection of South 9th Street, Wharton Street and East Passyunk Avenue in South Philadelphia, directly across the street from rival Geno's Steaks.", "Pat's King of Steaks __knowledge__ It was founded in 1930 by brothers, Pat and Harry Olivieri, who are credited with the creation of the Philly cheesesteak.", "Pat's King of Steaks __knowledge__ Pat's King of Steaks was founded by Pat and Harry Olivieri in 1930, when they opened a hot dog stall at the corners of 9th Street, Wharton Street, and Passyunk Avenue.", "Pat's King of Steaks __knowledge__ The brothers are generally credited as the 1933 co-creators of the Philly Cheesesteak.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be ground, for hamburgers, or processed into sausage or kebabs.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braaivleis\" (; ) is Afrikaans for grilled meat.", "Regional variations of barbecue __knowledge__ The word \"braai\" (plural \"braais\") is Afrikaans for barbecue or grill and is a social custom in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi.", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries).", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ Both steaks include a \"T-shaped\" bone with meat on each side.", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ Porterhouse steaks are cut from the rear end of the short loin and thus include more tenderloin steak, along with (on the other side of the bone) a large strip steak.", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ T-bone steaks are cut closer to the front, and contain a smaller section of tenderloin.", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ The smaller portion of a T-bone, when sold alone, is known as a filet mignon, especially if it's cut from the small forward end of the tenderloin.", "T-bone steak __knowledge__ There is little agreement among experts on how large the tenderloin must be to differentiate a T-bone steak from porterhouse.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ Chuck steak is a cut of beef and is part of the sub primal cut known as the chuck.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The typical chuck steak is a rectangular cut, about 1\" thick and containing parts of the shoulder bones, and is often known as a \"7-bone steak,\" as the shape of the shoulder bone in cross section resembles the numeral '7'.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ This cut is usually grilled or broiled; a thicker version is sold as a \"7-bone roast\" or \"chuck roast\" and is usually cooked with liquid as a pot roast.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The bone-in chuck steak or roast is one of the more economical cuts of beef.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, this part is commonly referred to as \"braising steak\".", "Strip steak __knowledge__ The strip steak is a cut of beef steaks from the short loin from a cow.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ It consists of a muscle that does little work, the longissimus, making the meat particularly tender; although not as tender as the nearby psoas major or tenderloin.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ Fat content of the strip is somewhere between the two cuts.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ Unlike the tenderloin, the longissimus is a sizable muscle, allowing it to be cut into larger portions.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ According to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the steak is marketed in the United States under various names, including Ambassador Steak, Boneless Club Steak, Hotel-Style Steak, Kansas City Steak, New York Steak, Top Loin, and Veiny Steak.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during its life.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake is an American casual restaurant chain located primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States with locations also in the Mid-Atlantic and Western United States, Europe, and the Middle East.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Steak 'n Shake Operations, Inc. is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ There are 544 locations, of which 417 are company-operated and 127 are franchised.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Typical restaurant locations have sit-down, drive-thru and front-window service, resulting in a hybrid of fast-food to-go service and diner-style sit-down service.", "Steak 'n Shake __knowledge__ Many Steak 'n Shake restaurants are open 24 hours a day, seven days per week.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak (similar to country fried steak) is an American breaded cutlet dish consisting of a piece of beefsteak (tenderized cube steak) coated with seasoned flour and pan-fried.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ It is sometimes associated with the Southern cuisine of the United States.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Despite the name, the dish contains no chicken, but is so-named because the cooking method is similar to that of fried chicken.", "Chicken fried steak __knowledge__ Chicken fried steak resembles the Austrian dish \"Wiener Schnitzel\" and the Italian-South American dish \"Milanesa\", which is a tenderized veal or pork cutlet, coated with flour, eggs, and bread crumbs, and then fried.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ A steak sandwich is a sandwich that is prepared with steak that has been broiled, fried, grilled, barbecued or seared using steel grates or gridirons then served on bread or a roll.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ Steak sandwiches are sometimes served with toppings of cheese, onions, mushrooms, peppers, tomatoes, and in some instances fried eggs, coleslaw, and french fries.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ According to the Library of Congress, the first steak sandwich sold in the United States was at Louis' Lunch of New Haven, Connecticut.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ A cheesesteak, or steak and cheese, is made from thinly sliced pieces of steak and melted cheese in a long roll.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ The cheesesteak is one of the favorite foods of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ A hanger steak is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about .", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ This cut is taken from the plate, which is the lower belly of the animal.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ In the past it was sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often keep it for themselves rather than offer it for sale.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Hanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane running down the middle.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ The hanger steak is usually the most tender cut on an animal, and is best marinated and cooked quickly over high heat (grilled or broiled) and served rare or medium rare to avoid toughness.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters seen in the American animated television series \"12 oz.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ Mouse\".", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ \"Voice and guitar by Matt Maiellaro\" Also known as \"Fitz\", Mouse Fitzgerald is an alcoholic, amnesiac, anthropomorphic green mouse who struggles to survive and understand the world in which he is trapped.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ Fitz seldom answers a question directly and often relies on circumlocution, non sequiturs, or insults to evade a clear response.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ He and his \"only friend\" Skillet drive around town in a yellow jet fighter taxi, commit crimes, stage gun fights, and play rock music.", "List of 12 oz. Mouse characters __knowledge__ An accomplished Metal guitarist (can play both right-hander and left-hander guitars as seen in \"Spider\"), he is often at odds with Skillet's timing on the drums." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ "I love most steaks, but i love fillet with its tender meat", "Most steak cuts are very tender meat but i think rib eye can be quite tender", "When i get a cut of meaty steak i get it medium rare, like it juicy", "When it comes to steak and other cuts of meat you have rare, medium rare, medium, well done and so on" ]	[ "Steak", "Steak", "Steak", "Steak" ]
[ "Veganism", "I used to be a vegan for a while, but got back to eating meat, a vegan is a person who doesn't eat meat, nor any animal products.", "I never heard of this term, I respect other people's food choices. I think everyone has the right to choose, as long as they don't try to change other people's beliefs.", "Vegans usually try to be very healthy and I like it, it's important to take care of ones health." ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The American Vegan Society (AVS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes veganism in the United States.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ AVS was founded by 1960 by H. Jay Dinshah.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ The date of the earlier The Vegan Society (UK)'s founding, November 1, is now celebrated annually as World Vegan Day.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Prior to broad and widely-accessible search capabilities of the Internet, the American Vegan Society published networking and business resources which supported vegan lifestyle.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ H. Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society early in 1960 and later that year (August) married the English-born Freya Smith.", "American Vegan Society __knowledge__ Freya, whose parents were active in The Vegan Society (of England), contributed to the early growth of the American Vegan Society and is president of the American Vegan Society today.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ The Vegan Awareness Foundation, also known as Vegan Action, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization (FIN# 94-3224024) in Virginia, United States and founded in 1995.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ Dedicated to helping animals, the environment, and human health by educating the public about the benefits of a vegan lifestyle and encouraging the spread of vegan food options through public outreach campaigns.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ One of the goals of Vegan Action is to create growth in the vegan marketplace and increase the availability of vegan products.", "Vegan Awareness Foundation __knowledge__ They have introduced a logo to certify vegan products, vegan food options into schools nationwide, and ideas behind veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Victoria Moran is an American author and speaker.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She has written a number of books specializing in both spirituality and veganism.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Moran hosts the \"Main Street Vegan\" radio show and podcast on \"Unity Online Radio\".", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ She started her career as a freelance magazine writer and has gone on to publish a number of best-selling vegan books, starting in 1985 with \"Compassion the Ultimate Ethic\", which was based on her undergraduate college thesis.", "Victoria Moran __knowledge__ Her 2012 book, \"Main Street Vegan\", is the basis of her company and outreach, including the Main Street Vegan podcast, Main Street Vegan Academy, and Main Street Vegan Productions." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In his 1994 Senate campaign, Romney called for the \"virtual elimination\" of the federal Department of Agriculture and for reductions in farm subsidies.", "Political positions of Mitt Romney __knowledge__ In 2007, when questioned about these views, a Romney for President Iowa campaign spokesman responded: \"Governor Romney believes that investing in agriculture is key to our economy and families.\"", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.", "Free will __knowledge__ Free will is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility, praise, guilt, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen.", "Free will __knowledge__ It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition.", "Free will __knowledge__ Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame.", "Free will __knowledge__ There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will, varying by how exactly it is conceived, which is a matter of some debate.", "Free will __knowledge__ Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Sir Michael Caine, (; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent, Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon.", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including \"Zulu\" (1964), \"The Ipcress File\" (1965), \"Alfie\" (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, \"The Italian Job\" (1969), and \"Battle of Britain\" (1969).", "Michael Caine __knowledge__ His most notable roles in the 1970s included \"Get Carter\" (1971), \"The\" \"Last\" \"Valley\" (1971), \"Sleuth\" (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975), and \"A Bridge Too Far\" (1977).", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ Commander Perkins is a German science fiction series by H. G. Francis, published partly as audio plays and partly as a series of novels.", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ The series is set approximately 50 to 100 years in the future.", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ Mankind has settled the moon, where the moon base \"Delta-4\" is a central setting, while the rest of the solar system is being explored.", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ The scientist character of Professor Dr. Arthur Common has created (with the assistance of his daughter Cindy) the \"Dimension Transmitter.\"", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ With this device, users can overcome arbitrary distances without time delay.", "Commander Perkins __knowledge__ Via an enormous energy expenditure from the Transmitter, the Time/Space dimensions break open to allow small groups of humans to visit alien planets without transport.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Martin Bucer __knowledge__ Martin Bucer (early German: \"Martin Butzer\"; 11 November 1491 – 28 February 1551) was a German Protestant reformer based in Strasbourg who influenced Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican doctrines and practices.", "Martin Bucer __knowledge__ Bucer was originally a member of the Dominican Order, but after meeting and being influenced by Martin Luther in 1518 he arranged for his monastic vows to be annulled.", "Martin Bucer __knowledge__ He then began to work for the Reformation, with the support of Franz von Sickingen.", "Martin Bucer __knowledge__ Bucer's efforts to reform the church in Wissembourg resulted in his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church, and he was forced to flee to Strasbourg.", "Humor styles __knowledge__ Humor styles are a topic of research in the field of personality psychology related to the ways in which individuals differ in their use of humor in everyday life.", "Humor styles __knowledge__ People of all ages and backgrounds engage in humor, but the way they use it can vary greatly.", "Humor styles __knowledge__ Although humor styles can vary slightly depending on the situation, they tend to be a relatively stable personality characteristic among individuals.", "Humor styles __knowledge__ That is, individuals are fairly consistent in the ways they use humor over time.", "Humor styles __knowledge__ The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) has emerged as a robust model for understanding the individual differences in humor styles.", "Park51 __knowledge__ Park51 (originally named Cordoba House) is to be a 13-story Islamic community center in Lower Manhattan including a \"Muslim community center and a mosque.\"", "Park51 __knowledge__ The developers hoped to promote an interfaith dialogue within the greater community.", "Park51 __knowledge__ Due to its proposed location two blocks from the World Trade Center site, it was widely and controversially referred to as the \"Ground Zero mosque\".", "Park51 __knowledge__ Park51 would have replaced an existing 1850s building of Italianate style that was damaged in the September 11 attacks.", "Park51 __knowledge__ The original design included a 500-seat auditorium, theater, performing arts center, fitness center, swimming pool, basketball court, childcare area, bookstore, culinary school, art studio, food court, and memorial to the victims of the September 11 attacks.", "HIAG __knowledge__ HIAG (, literally \"Mutual aid association of former Waffen-SS members\") was a lobby group and a revisionist veterans' organisation founded by former high-ranking Waffen-SS personnel in West Germany in 1951.", "HIAG __knowledge__ Its main objective was to achieve legal, economic and historical rehabilitation of the Waffen-SS.", "HIAG __knowledge__ To achieve its aims, the organisation used contacts with political parties and employed multi-prong historical revisionism and propaganda efforts, including periodicals, books and public speeches.", "HIAG __knowledge__ A HIAG-owned publishing house, , served as a platform for its publicity aims.", "HIAG __knowledge__ This extensive body of work, 57 book titles and more than 50 years of monthly periodicals, has been described by historians as revisionist apologia.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ The 2007 AT&T 250 was a NASCAR Busch Series stock car race that took place on June 23, 2007.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ Held at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin, the race was the 17th of 35 in the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series season.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ Aric Almirola of Joe Gibbs Racing (JGR) was the listed winner of the race; Richard Childress Racing's Scott Wimmer finished second, while Braun Racing's Jason Leffler finished third.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ The race became controversial because of a driver change made by the No.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ 20 JGR team.", "2007 AT&T 250 __knowledge__ Almirola qualified the car on pole position and started the race, though Gibbs intended to have Nextel Cup Series regular Denny Hamlin run the race.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ V8 Hotstox is a British stock car racing formula that races on British short oval racing circuits.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ Drivers are members of the British Stock Car Drivers Association (BSCDA) and are affiliated to the British Stock Car Racing Association (BriSCA).", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ V8 Hotstox have also previously been known as V8 Stock Cars.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ (www.v8hotstox.com) Hotstox race at various venues in the UK.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The tracks feature different surfaces such as shale, tarmac and concrete.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The tracks all feature two straightaway's and two turns to form an oval.", "V8 Hotstox __knowledge__ The oval is surrounded by a safety barrier constructed of Armoco, concrete, steel or posts and wires.", "Shalabh Kumar __knowledge__ Shalabh \"Shalli\" Kumar (Hindi: शलभ कुमार) (born 24 December 1948) is a Chicago-based Indian-American industrialist.", "Shalabh Kumar __knowledge__ Kumar was born in a small village in Ambala, Haryana, India, and graduated from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh with a BS in electronics engineering in 1969, as a University topper.", "Shalabh Kumar __knowledge__ He immigrated to the United States when he was 20, attending the Illinois Institute of Technology for his Master's.", "Shalabh Kumar __knowledge__ Kumar's son, Vikram Kumar, married England-born 2007 Miss Earth India Pooja Chitgopekar.", "Shalabh Kumar __knowledge__ Their wedding was featured as NDTV Good Times Big Fat Indian Wedding on NDTV India and took place in January 2011 in New Zealand, where Pooja Chitgopekar was living with her Indian immigrant parents." ] ]	[ 0, 4, 0, 5 ]	[ "I am a vegan, do you know what that entails? ", "Just thought I would ask because not many people know what it is all about. Well I too am one, a \"dietary vegan\" as we are called.", "I totally agree!", "And I like that there are \"ethical vegans\" which applies to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose." ]	[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]
[ "Frank Ocean\nDo you like Frank Ocean?", "What kind of music do you normally like?", "He is a rapper. Do you know any of his songs?", "He's only 30, that isnt too old! Look at Eminem...he's still making music and hes 45!" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Frank Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987) is an American independent singer, songwriter, rapper, producer and photographer.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Known for his idiosyncratic musical style, Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter, and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ He released his breakout mixtape, \"Nostalgia, Ultra\", to critical acclaim in 2011.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It generated his first charting single \"Novacane\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2012, Ocean finished second place in the BBC's Sound of 2012 poll.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Channel Orange\", was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It reached number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was promoted with three singles: \"Thinkin Bout You\", \"Pyramids\", and \"Sweet Life\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2016, Ocean released the visual album \"Endless\" alongside his second studio album \"Blonde,\" which was released independently following several years of delays.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ \"Blonde\" was highly acclaimed by critics, and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Ocean was born Christopher Edwin Breaux on October 28, 1987, in Long Beach, California to parents Calvin Edward Cooksey and Katonya Breaux.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ When he was around five years old, he and his family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ \"No Church in the Wild\" is a song by American hip hop artists Kanye West and Jay Z from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\" (2011).", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ It is the first track on the album and features vocals from Odd Future's Frank Ocean and The-Dream, although the latter is uncredited for his contributions to the song.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The song explores themes of religion and decadence.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track received highly positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocal hooks, the depth of the verses, the cinematic production and the song's power as an opening track.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track was released as the seventh and final single from \"Watch the Throne\".", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ \"She\" is a song by American hip hop artist and OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator from his album \"Goblin\".", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It was released May 10, 2011 as the third single from the album.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It features another OFWGKTA member Frank Ocean, and serves as his debut single as an artist.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song was written by both Tyler and Ocean, with the production handled by Tyler.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song is written from the perspective of an obsessive lover who stalks and watches a woman while she sleeps.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explored dark themes of necrophilia, stalking and obsession.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Ocean's hook, though the subject matter was often noted as questionable in nature and content.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Nostalgia, Ultra (stylized as nostalgia,ULTRA.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ and occasionally nostalgia/ultra) is the debut mixtape by American singer Frank Ocean.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ It was released on February 16, 2011.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Ocean was inspired to make the mixtape after Hurricane Katrina in his native New Orleans and his subsequent relocation to Los Angeles.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ After joining alternative hip hop group Odd Future in 2010, he self-released the mixtape, without initial promotion.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" has a unique R&B aesthetic and features surreal themes and nostalgic lyrics.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ The songs mostly focus on interpersonal relationships, personal reflection, and social commentary.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Made in America\" is a song by American hip hop recording artists Kanye West and Jay Z, from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It is the eleventh track on the album and features vocals from OFWGKTA singer Frank Ocean.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explores themes of family life and the American Dream.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It expresses the hardships of youth and coming of age.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track received positive reviews from music critics who praised Ocean's vocal hook, and the subject matter of the verses.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song has been compared to \"inspirational ballads of late-period Michael Jackson.\"", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song charted on South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 178.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ \"Swim Good\" is a song by American singer Frank Ocean, released as the second single from his mixtape \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" (2011).", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song was written by Nick Cobey and Ocean and produced by Midi Mafia.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ It features additional vocals by fellow Odd Future member Tyler, The Creator.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song explores the topic of romantic baggage, guilt and utilizes several metaphors.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song expresses a narrative about a man who, burdened with many failed relationships, ends his life by driving into the ocean.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The track explores tropes of the tragic love story and suicide.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocals and the song's dark subject matter.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ \"Scared of Beautiful\" is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood from her sixth studio album, \"Two Eleven\" (2012).", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Ocean, Warryn Campbell and Breyon Prescott while production was handled by Campbell and Prescott.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ Not specifically written for Norwood, the song was one out of several songs Ocean crafted with production duo Midi Mafia.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ It was later submitted to her team, with whom she recorded a new version with a widely different instrumental for her album, consisting essentially of synthesizers and electric guitars.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ A mid-paced R&B ballad, \"Scared of Beautiful\" finds Norwood, as the protagonist, thinking about self and self-growth and being fearless." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Frank Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987) is an American independent singer, songwriter, rapper, producer and photographer.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Known for his idiosyncratic musical style, Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter, and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ He released his breakout mixtape, \"Nostalgia, Ultra\", to critical acclaim in 2011.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It generated his first charting single \"Novacane\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2012, Ocean finished second place in the BBC's Sound of 2012 poll.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Channel Orange\", was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It reached number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was promoted with three singles: \"Thinkin Bout You\", \"Pyramids\", and \"Sweet Life\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2016, Ocean released the visual album \"Endless\" alongside his second studio album \"Blonde,\" which was released independently following several years of delays.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ \"Blonde\" was highly acclaimed by critics, and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Ocean was born Christopher Edwin Breaux on October 28, 1987, in Long Beach, California to parents Calvin Edward Cooksey and Katonya Breaux.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ When he was around five years old, he and his family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ Albert Francis Innaurato Jr. (June 2, 1947 – September 24, 2017) was an American playwright, theatre director, and writer.", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ Innaurato was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1947.", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ After graduating from Temple University and California Institute of the Arts, Innaurato attended the Yale School of Drama.", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975, a Rockefeller Grant and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1986 and 1989.", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ Innaurato collaborated with Christopher Durang on \"The Idiots Karamazov\", \"I Don't Normally Like Poetry but Have You Read \"Trees\"?", "Albert Innaurato __knowledge__ \", and \"Gyp, the Real-Life Story of Mitzi Gaynor\" while both were students at Yale University's School of Drama.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ This is the list of characters appearing in the anime Tamagotchi!", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ and its anime movies.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ is the central character of the Tamtagotchi!", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ series.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ He is a member of the Mame family.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ He is intelligent, kind-hearted, and easy to get along with.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ Mametchi is a young inventor who creates helpful inventions for his friends, but they have a chance of exploding.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ Mametchi is also tone-deaf, and isn't a good painter or singer at all.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ Almost everyone criticizes his singing except Melodytchi, who enjoys it.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ His singing would improve later in the anime.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ Mametchi's best friends are Memetchi and Kuchipatchi.", "List of Tamagotchi! characters __knowledge__ The three have shared such close bonds since childhood.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ \"Hellsing\" is a manga series created by Kouta Hirano about a powerful vampire named Alucard and his battle against supernatural forces in service of the Hellsing Organization.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ The manga has two animated adaptations—a television series by Gonzo which was produced early in the manga's original run and features a largely original screenplay by Chiaki J. Konaka; and \"Hellsing Ultimate\", an original video animation series produced by Geneon that more closely follows the plot of the manga.", "List of Hellsing characters __knowledge__ The series primarily takes place in the United Kingdom, which is under attack by the undead forces of a rogue Nazi battalion which survived the end of World War II.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The Twilight Saga is a series of five romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The films star Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The series has grossed over $3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists, to date, of five motion pictures.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The first installment, \"Twilight\", was released on November 21, 2008.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The second installment, \"\", followed on November 20, 2009, breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history, grossing an estimated $72.7 million.", "The Twilight Saga (film series) __knowledge__ The third installment, \"\", was released on June 30, 2010, and was the first \"Twilight\" film to be released in IMAX.", "Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus __knowledge__ Anthropometry is defined as the scientific study of the human body measurements and proportions.", "Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus __knowledge__ These studies are generally used by clinicians and pathologists for adequate assessments of the growth and development of the fetus at any specific point of gestational maturity.", "Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus __knowledge__ Fetal height, fetal weight, head circumference (HC), crown to rump length (CR), dermatological observations like skin thickness etc.", "Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus __knowledge__ are measured individually to assess the growth and development of the organs and the fetus as a whole and can be a parameter for normal or abnormal development also including adaptation of the fetus to its newer environment.", "Biohistory __knowledge__ Biohistory is a relatively new school of historiography although its development can be found in the late nineteenth century.", "Biohistory __knowledge__ Biohistory is defined, according to biohistorian Stephen Boyden, as a \"coherent system of knowledge, or field of study, which reflects the broad sequence of happenings in the history of the biosphere and of civilization, from the beginning of life to the present day.\"", "Biohistory __knowledge__ For the historians who study under this school, one of the main principles is the understanding the relationship of the biosphere, the total collection of Earth’s ecosystems combined and various human elements, including cultural adaptations and the impact of biological forces on society.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ Zip Bus Chup Raho was an Urdu weekly drama series which ran on Geo TV.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ It was a story of a woman named Parveen Un Nisa, who is the mother of Jibi and Taby.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ Her husband has mysteriously left her a few years back which led her to face many challenges as a single parent.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ This story unveils how society treats a woman once trapped, especially when a woman without her husband carrying responsibilities of their children.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ Retitled as Tumko Khamosh Rehna Hai, it also aired in India on Zee Zindagi.", "Zip Bus Chup Raho __knowledge__ \"The story is the emotional and traumatic journey of Parveen un Nisa, a woman living in a post modernist society, where individuals are valued on the basis of their skills and their socio-economic achievements.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Nostalgia, Ultra (stylized as nostalgia,ULTRA.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ and occasionally nostalgia/ultra) is the debut mixtape by American singer Frank Ocean.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ It was released on February 16, 2011.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Ocean was inspired to make the mixtape after Hurricane Katrina in his native New Orleans and his subsequent relocation to Los Angeles.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ After joining alternative hip hop group Odd Future in 2010, he self-released the mixtape, without initial promotion.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" has a unique R&B aesthetic and features surreal themes and nostalgic lyrics.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ The songs mostly focus on interpersonal relationships, personal reflection, and social commentary.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ \"No Church in the Wild\" is a song by American hip hop artists Kanye West and Jay Z from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\" (2011).", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ It is the first track on the album and features vocals from Odd Future's Frank Ocean and The-Dream, although the latter is uncredited for his contributions to the song.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The song explores themes of religion and decadence.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track received highly positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocal hooks, the depth of the verses, the cinematic production and the song's power as an opening track.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track was released as the seventh and final single from \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Made in America\" is a song by American hip hop recording artists Kanye West and Jay Z, from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It is the eleventh track on the album and features vocals from OFWGKTA singer Frank Ocean.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explores themes of family life and the American Dream.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It expresses the hardships of youth and coming of age.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track received positive reviews from music critics who praised Ocean's vocal hook, and the subject matter of the verses.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song has been compared to \"inspirational ballads of late-period Michael Jackson.\"", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song charted on South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 178.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ \"She\" is a song by American hip hop artist and OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator from his album \"Goblin\".", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It was released May 10, 2011 as the third single from the album.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It features another OFWGKTA member Frank Ocean, and serves as his debut single as an artist.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song was written by both Tyler and Ocean, with the production handled by Tyler.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song is written from the perspective of an obsessive lover who stalks and watches a woman while she sleeps.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explored dark themes of necrophilia, stalking and obsession.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Ocean's hook, though the subject matter was often noted as questionable in nature and content.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ \"Scared of Beautiful\" is a song by American recording artist Brandy Norwood from her sixth studio album, \"Two Eleven\" (2012).", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Ocean, Warryn Campbell and Breyon Prescott while production was handled by Campbell and Prescott.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ Not specifically written for Norwood, the song was one out of several songs Ocean crafted with production duo Midi Mafia.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ It was later submitted to her team, with whom she recorded a new version with a widely different instrumental for her album, consisting essentially of synthesizers and electric guitars.", "Scared of Beautiful __knowledge__ A mid-paced R&B ballad, \"Scared of Beautiful\" finds Norwood, as the protagonist, thinking about self and self-growth and being fearless.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ \"Swim Good\" is a song by American singer Frank Ocean, released as the second single from his mixtape \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" (2011).", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song was written by Nick Cobey and Ocean and produced by Midi Mafia.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ It features additional vocals by fellow Odd Future member Tyler, The Creator.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song explores the topic of romantic baggage, guilt and utilizes several metaphors.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song expresses a narrative about a man who, burdened with many failed relationships, ends his life by driving into the ocean.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The track explores tropes of the tragic love story and suicide.", "Swim Good __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocals and the song's dark subject matter." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Frank Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987) is an American independent singer, songwriter, rapper, producer and photographer.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Known for his idiosyncratic musical style, Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter, and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ He released his breakout mixtape, \"Nostalgia, Ultra\", to critical acclaim in 2011.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It generated his first charting single \"Novacane\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2012, Ocean finished second place in the BBC's Sound of 2012 poll.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Channel Orange\", was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It reached number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was promoted with three singles: \"Thinkin Bout You\", \"Pyramids\", and \"Sweet Life\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2016, Ocean released the visual album \"Endless\" alongside his second studio album \"Blonde,\" which was released independently following several years of delays.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ \"Blonde\" was highly acclaimed by critics, and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Ocean was born Christopher Edwin Breaux on October 28, 1987, in Long Beach, California to parents Calvin Edward Cooksey and Katonya Breaux.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ When he was around five years old, he and his family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" 200 and five number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Eminem __knowledge__ With 47.4 million albums sold in the US and 155 million records globally, he is among the world's best-selling artists.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the only artist to have eight albums consecutively debut at No.", "Eminem __knowledge__ 1 on the Billboard 200.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ The album was released on May 19, 2009, under Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, and Interscope Records.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ It was his first album of original material since \"Encore\" (2004), following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2007 to 2009 at several recording studios, and Dr. Dre, Mark Batson, and Eminem handled production.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Conceptually, \"Relapse\" concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation, rapping after a non-fictional relapse, and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego.", "T.I. __knowledge__ Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. (born September 25, 1980), known professionally as T.I.", "T.I. __knowledge__ and Tip (often stylized as TIP or T.I.P.", "T.I. __knowledge__ ), is an American rapper and actor.", "T.I. __knowledge__ Harris signed his first major-label record deal in 1999, with Arista subsidiary LaFace.", "T.I. __knowledge__ In 2001, Harris formed the Southern hip hop group P$C, alongside his longtime friends and fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Kuntry King, Mac Boney and C-Rod.", "T.I. __knowledge__ Upon being released from Arista, Harris signed to Atlantic and subsequently became the co-chief executive officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Grand Hustle Records, which he launched in 2003.", "T.I. __knowledge__ Harris is also perhaps best known as one of the artists who popularized the hip hop subgenre trap music, along with Young Jeezy and Gucci Mane.", "Nicki Minaj __knowledge__ Onika Tanya Maraj (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj (), is a Trinidadian-born American rapper, singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Nicki Minaj __knowledge__ Born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago and raised in Queens, New York, she gained public recognition after releasing three mixtapes between 2007 to 2009 and subsequently signed to Young Money Entertainment in 2009.", "Nicki Minaj __knowledge__ Minaj's first and second studio albums, \"Pink Friday\" (2010) and \"\" (2012), both peaked at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and produced the successful singles \"Super Bass\" and \"Starships\", respectively.", "Nicki Minaj __knowledge__ In 2010, Minaj became the first female solo artist to have seven singles simultaneously charting on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ Dre was previously the co-owner of, and an artist on, Death Row Records.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, and Kendrick Lamar.", "Dr. Dre __knowledge__ He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk, a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow, heavy beats.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ King is the fourth studio album by American rapper T.I., released on March 28, 2006 through Grand Hustle Records and Atlantic Records.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took one and a half years to complete in late 2005 according to T.I.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ in an interview with MTV News.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ Production was handled by several high-profile record producers, including DJ Toomp, Just Blaze, Mannie Fresh, Swizz Beatz, Keith Mack, Travis Barker, The Neptunes, Kevin \"Khao\" Cates, Nick \"Fury\" Loftin, and Tony Galvin, among others.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ The album's release, which coincided with T.I.", "King (T.I. album) __knowledge__ 's feature film debut \"ATL\", also served as the official soundtrack for the film.", "Wu-Tang Clan __knowledge__ The Wu-Tang Clan is an American hip hop group from Staten Island, New York City, originally composed of East Coast rappers RZA, GZA, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, U-God and Masta Killa.", "Wu-Tang Clan __knowledge__ Cappadonna later became an official member of the group.", "Wu-Tang Clan __knowledge__ The Wu-Tang Clan has released four gold and platinum studio albums.", "Wu-Tang Clan __knowledge__ Its 1993 debut album, \"Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)\", is considered to be one of the greatest albums in hip-hop history.", "Wu-Tang Clan __knowledge__ The Wu-Tang Clan has introduced and launched the careers of a number of affiliated artists and groups, often collectively known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, and has been described as one of the most influential hip-hop groups of all-time.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Nostalgia, Ultra (stylized as nostalgia,ULTRA.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ and occasionally nostalgia/ultra) is the debut mixtape by American singer Frank Ocean.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ It was released on February 16, 2011.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Ocean was inspired to make the mixtape after Hurricane Katrina in his native New Orleans and his subsequent relocation to Los Angeles.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ After joining alternative hip hop group Odd Future in 2010, he self-released the mixtape, without initial promotion.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" has a unique R&B aesthetic and features surreal themes and nostalgic lyrics.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ The songs mostly focus on interpersonal relationships, personal reflection, and social commentary.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ \"She\" is a song by American hip hop artist and OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator from his album \"Goblin\".", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It was released May 10, 2011 as the third single from the album.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It features another OFWGKTA member Frank Ocean, and serves as his debut single as an artist.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song was written by both Tyler and Ocean, with the production handled by Tyler.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song is written from the perspective of an obsessive lover who stalks and watches a woman while she sleeps.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explored dark themes of necrophilia, stalking and obsession.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Ocean's hook, though the subject matter was often noted as questionable in nature and content.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ \"No Church in the Wild\" is a song by American hip hop artists Kanye West and Jay Z from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\" (2011).", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ It is the first track on the album and features vocals from Odd Future's Frank Ocean and The-Dream, although the latter is uncredited for his contributions to the song.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The song explores themes of religion and decadence.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track received highly positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocal hooks, the depth of the verses, the cinematic production and the song's power as an opening track.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track was released as the seventh and final single from \"Watch the Throne\".", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Watch the Throne is a collaborative studio album by American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West, released on August 8, 2011, by Roc-A-Fella Records, Roc Nation and Def Jam Recordings.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Before the album, Jay-Z and West had collaborated on their respective singles and with West as a producer on Jay-Z's work.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ As longtime friends, they originally sought out to record a five-song EP together, but the project eventually evolved into a full-length album.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place at various locations and began in November 2010.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Production on the album was led by West himself, alongside a variety of high-profile record producers including Mike Dean, Swizz Beatz, Sak Pase, Jeff Bhasker, The Neptunes and Q-Tip.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Made in America\" is a song by American hip hop recording artists Kanye West and Jay Z, from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It is the eleventh track on the album and features vocals from OFWGKTA singer Frank Ocean.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explores themes of family life and the American Dream.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It expresses the hardships of youth and coming of age.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track received positive reviews from music critics who praised Ocean's vocal hook, and the subject matter of the verses.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song has been compared to \"inspirational ballads of late-period Michael Jackson.\"", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song charted on South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 178." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Frank Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Breaux; October 28, 1987) is an American independent singer, songwriter, rapper, producer and photographer.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Known for his idiosyncratic musical style, Ocean first embarked on a career as a ghostwriter, and in 2010 he became a member of hip hop collective Odd Future.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ He released his breakout mixtape, \"Nostalgia, Ultra\", to critical acclaim in 2011.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It generated his first charting single \"Novacane\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2012, Ocean finished second place in the BBC's Sound of 2012 poll.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ His debut studio album, \"Channel Orange\", was released in July 2012 to critical acclaim.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ It reached number two on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was promoted with three singles: \"Thinkin Bout You\", \"Pyramids\", and \"Sweet Life\".", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ In 2016, Ocean released the visual album \"Endless\" alongside his second studio album \"Blonde,\" which was released independently following several years of delays.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ \"Blonde\" was highly acclaimed by critics, and debuted at number one in the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ Ocean was born Christopher Edwin Breaux on October 28, 1987, in Long Beach, California to parents Calvin Edward Cooksey and Katonya Breaux.", "Frank Ocean __knowledge__ When he was around five years old, he and his family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" 200 and five number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Eminem __knowledge__ With 47.4 million albums sold in the US and 155 million records globally, he is among the world's best-selling artists.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the only artist to have eight albums consecutively debut at No.", "Eminem __knowledge__ 1 on the Billboard 200.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi ben Ziri as-Sinhayi or Al-Mansur Zawi Ibn Ziri Ibn as-Manad Sanhaji (), was a chief in the Berber Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He arrived in Spain in 1000 (391) during the reign of Almanzor.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He took part in the rebellion against the Caliphate of Córdoba and settled in the with followers from his Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He founded the Taifa of Granada, and founded the Zirid dynasty of Granada as its first Emir, reigning from 1013 to 1019.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi's father, Ziri ibn Manad (Ziri) was the leader of the Berber Sanhaja tribe, with allegiance to Al-Mansur Billah, leader of the Fatimid Caliphate.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Ziri founded the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb with the permission of Al-Mansur Billah in 944 and built the city of El Achir.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He ( or He Sijia, born January 28, 1999 in the United States), was the subject of a custody battle between her Chinese biological parents, Shaoqiang (Jack) He (S: 贺绍强, T: 賀紹強, P: \"Hè Shàoqiáng\") and Qin Luo \"Casey\" He (S: 罗秦, T: 羅秦, \"Luó Qín\"), and her foster parents, Jerry and Louise Baker.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ The case received United States national media attention for years and revolved around the claim of Jerry and Louise Baker that Jack and Casey He abandoned their rights to the child when they signed a temporary custody order.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He's father, Jack, came to the United States in 1995 on a student visa and attended Arizona State.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The Marshall Mathers LP 2 is the eighth studio album by American rapper Eminem.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ It was released on November 5, 2013 by Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records and Interscope Records.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ It serves as a sequel to \"The Marshall Mathers LP\" (2000).", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The album's production and its recording sessions were conducted from 2012 to 2013, involving Eminem himself, along with several record producers including Rick Rubin, Luis Resto, Emile Haynie, and Alex da Kid.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ \"The Marshall Mathers LP 2\" features guest appearances from singers Skylar Grey, Rihanna, Nate Ruess, and rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "The Marshall Mathers LP 2 __knowledge__ The album title was revealed during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards on August 25, 2013, alongside a preview of the lead single \"Berzerk\", which subsequently peaked at number 3 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The Heinkel HeS 8 (prefix being an abbreviation for \"Heinkel Strahltriebwerke\"-Heinkel jet engine) was an early jet engine designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ It was the first jet engine to be financially supported by the RLM, bearing the official name 109-001.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ Had development continued it would have been known as the Heinkel 001, but it does not appear this was used in practice.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ The HeS 8 was intended to power the Heinkel He 280 twin-engine fighter, although both Heinkel and von Ohain preferred the axial HeS 30.", "Heinkel HeS 8 __knowledge__ A lengthy gestation period meant it was finally becoming ready for production at about the same time as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ The album was released on May 19, 2009, under Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, and Interscope Records.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ It was his first album of original material since \"Encore\" (2004), following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2007 to 2009 at several recording studios, and Dr. Dre, Mark Batson, and Eminem handled production.", "Relapse (Eminem album) __knowledge__ Conceptually, \"Relapse\" concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation, rapping after a non-fictional relapse, and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego.", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ \"Not Afraid\" is a song by American rapper Eminem from his seventh studio album \"Recovery\" (2010).", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ It was released as the album's lead single on April 29, 2010, by Interscope Records.", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ \"Not Afraid\" was first revealed as a single by Eminem via Twitter, after which the song debuted on radio.", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ To promote the single's release, a freestyle rap, \"Despicable\", was released on the Internet and received attention for its tone and lyrical content.", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ \"Not Afraid\" was written and produced by Eminem, Boi-1da, Jordan Evans and Matthew Burnett; keyboardist Luis Resto was also attributed with songwriting credit.", "Not Afraid __knowledge__ According to Eminem's manager Paul Rosenberg and music critics, \"Not Afraid\" carries a positive message and depicts Eminem's change in direction from drugs and violence.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Nostalgia, Ultra (stylized as nostalgia,ULTRA.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ and occasionally nostalgia/ultra) is the debut mixtape by American singer Frank Ocean.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ It was released on February 16, 2011.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ Ocean was inspired to make the mixtape after Hurricane Katrina in his native New Orleans and his subsequent relocation to Los Angeles.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ After joining alternative hip hop group Odd Future in 2010, he self-released the mixtape, without initial promotion.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ \"Nostalgia, Ultra\" has a unique R&B aesthetic and features surreal themes and nostalgic lyrics.", "Nostalgia, Ultra __knowledge__ The songs mostly focus on interpersonal relationships, personal reflection, and social commentary.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ \"She\" is a song by American hip hop artist and OFWGKTA member Tyler, the Creator from his album \"Goblin\".", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It was released May 10, 2011 as the third single from the album.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ It features another OFWGKTA member Frank Ocean, and serves as his debut single as an artist.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song was written by both Tyler and Ocean, with the production handled by Tyler.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song is written from the perspective of an obsessive lover who stalks and watches a woman while she sleeps.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explored dark themes of necrophilia, stalking and obsession.", "She (Tyler, the Creator song) __knowledge__ The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Ocean's hook, though the subject matter was often noted as questionable in nature and content.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Watch the Throne is a collaborative studio album by American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West, released on August 8, 2011, by Roc-A-Fella Records, Roc Nation and Def Jam Recordings.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Before the album, Jay-Z and West had collaborated on their respective singles and with West as a producer on Jay-Z's work.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ As longtime friends, they originally sought out to record a five-song EP together, but the project eventually evolved into a full-length album.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place at various locations and began in November 2010.", "Watch the Throne __knowledge__ Production on the album was led by West himself, alongside a variety of high-profile record producers including Mike Dean, Swizz Beatz, Sak Pase, Jeff Bhasker, The Neptunes and Q-Tip.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ \"No Church in the Wild\" is a song by American hip hop artists Kanye West and Jay Z from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\" (2011).", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ It is the first track on the album and features vocals from Odd Future's Frank Ocean and The-Dream, although the latter is uncredited for his contributions to the song.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The song explores themes of religion and decadence.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track received highly positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ocean's vocal hooks, the depth of the verses, the cinematic production and the song's power as an opening track.", "No Church in the Wild __knowledge__ The track was released as the seventh and final single from \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Made in America\" is a song by American hip hop recording artists Kanye West and Jay Z, from their first collaborative album \"Watch the Throne\".", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It is the eleventh track on the album and features vocals from OFWGKTA singer Frank Ocean.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Lyrically, the song explores themes of family life and the American Dream.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It expresses the hardships of youth and coming of age.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track received positive reviews from music critics who praised Ocean's vocal hook, and the subject matter of the verses.", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song has been compared to \"inspirational ballads of late-period Michael Jackson.\"", "Made in America (Jay-Z and Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song charted on South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 178.", "Sweet Life (Frank Ocean song) __knowledge__ \"Sweet Life\" is a song by American singer Frank Ocean, released as the third single from his debut studio album \"Channel Orange\" (2012).", "Sweet Life (Frank Ocean song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Ocean and Pharrell Williams, member of the production duo The Neptunes.", "Sweet Life (Frank Ocean song) __knowledge__ The track was released on July 6, 2012, when Ocean posted a download of the song onto his Tumblr account, and it debuted on iTunes on July 12.", "Sweet Life (Frank Ocean song) __knowledge__ The song features a vocal loop, warm horn sections and lush, tropical production.", "Sweet Life (Frank Ocean song) __knowledge__ The song explores a disillusionment and wealth within Ladera Heights and lyrically explores a narrative of people wasting their life away on the beach and Ocean's desire not to involve himself with such a life." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ "I know of Frank Ocean but I'm not a huge fan.", "I usually prefer rock but Frank Ocean is a rapper.", "Not off the top of my head, but Frank Ocean is pretty damn old to be a rapper.", "Really? Well Frank Ocean was born on October 28 1987." ]	[ "Frank Ocean", "Frank Ocean", "Frank Ocean", "Frank Ocean" ]
[ "Renaissance fair", "I have not but have always wanted to go. They seem like so much fun", "Yeah ours are open for about a month. What else can you tell me about them?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ A Renaissance fair, Renaissance faire, or Renaissance festival is an outdoor weekend gathering, usually held in the United States, open to the public and typically commercial in nature, which purportedly recreates a historical setting for the amusement of its guests.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are permanent theme parks, while others are short-term events in a fairground, winery, or other large public or private spaces.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs generally include an abundance of costumed entertainers or fair-goers, musical and theatrical acts, art and handicrafts for sale, and festival food.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some offer campgrounds for those who wish to stay more than one day.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Many Renaissance fairs are set during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are set earlier, during the reign of Henry VIII, or in other countries, such as France, and some are set outside the era of the Renaissance; these may include earlier Medieval periods (including Vikings), or later periods, such as 17th-18th Century pirates.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some engage in deliberate \"time travel\" by encouraging participants to wear costumes representing several eras in a broad time period.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs encourage visitors to enter into the spirit of things with costumes and audience participation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ A Renaissance fair, Renaissance faire, or Renaissance festival is an outdoor weekend gathering, usually held in the United States, open to the public and typically commercial in nature, which purportedly recreates a historical setting for the amusement of its guests.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are permanent theme parks, while others are short-term events in a fairground, winery, or other large public or private spaces.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs generally include an abundance of costumed entertainers or fair-goers, musical and theatrical acts, art and handicrafts for sale, and festival food.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some offer campgrounds for those who wish to stay more than one day.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Many Renaissance fairs are set during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are set earlier, during the reign of Henry VIII, or in other countries, such as France, and some are set outside the era of the Renaissance; these may include earlier Medieval periods (including Vikings), or later periods, such as 17th-18th Century pirates.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some engage in deliberate \"time travel\" by encouraging participants to wear costumes representing several eras in a broad time period.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs encourage visitors to enter into the spirit of things with costumes and audience participation.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared or were due to appear in the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\" during 2011, listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In January 2011, it was announced that Gareth Philips would be taking over the role of series producer from Paul Marquess, who had been with the show for one year.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ruby Button, played by Anna Shaffer, is the younger sister of Duncan Button (Dean Aspen).", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 January 2011.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2011) __knowledge__ In December 2010, the \"Liverpool Echo\" announced that eighteen-year-old Shaffer would be joining the cast as Ruby.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Brooke Penelope Davis is a fictional character from the CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Sophia Bush.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Initially introduced as the best friend of the show's original female lead, Peyton Sawyer, throughout her experiences, Brooke grows from a wild and generally carefree girl into a more mature and grounded young woman.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ Along with Peyton, she becomes a key player in the series' central love triangle involving Lucas Scott.", "Brooke Davis __knowledge__ In later seasons, however, her character arc shifts its attention to her career as a fashion designer at Clothes Over Bros, as well as her romance and eventual marriage to Julian Baker, with whom she would have twin sons, Davis and Jude Baker.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ This a list of fictional characters in the television series, Big Time Rush.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ The article deals with main, recurring, minor character and notable guest stars.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ Kendall Knight (Kendall Schmidt) is the leader and founder of Big Time Rush (despite being the youngest) when he accepts to move to Los Angeles and record demos only if Gustavo brings James, Carlos, and Logan along to make them all a band.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He is portrayed as the glue that keeps the band together.", "List of Big Time Rush characters __knowledge__ He manages to stay cool under pressure (described as \"Cool Rush\") and figure out solutions to problems, thus often resulting in the other guys running to Kendall when they have a problem, being the most mature and responsible member of Big Time Rush.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ Kendall Hart is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"All My Children\".", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ The character was portrayed by Sarah Michelle Gellar from 1993 to 1995, and by Alicia Minshew from 2002 until the show's series finale on September 23, 2011.", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ On March 7, 2013, it was announced that Minshew would guest star on the Prospect Park's continuation of \"All My Children\".", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ She appeared on the second July 8 episode, and exited the same day.", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ Kendall is the daughter of Erica Kane, a child conceived when Erica was raped on the night of her 14th birthday by movie matinee idol Richard Fields.", "Kendall Hart __knowledge__ Emerging as one of daytime television's most popular and layered characters, Kendall was originally written as a complex villain, described as a \"complicated bad girl\" and \"the scheming daughter of the biggest schemer of them all, Erica Kane,\" but was later reformed.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Mariana mallard __knowledge__ The Mariana mallard or Oustalet's duck (\"Anas oustaleti\") is an extinct type of duck of the genus \"Anas\" that was endemic to the Mariana Islands.", "Mariana mallard __knowledge__ Its taxonomic status is debated, and it has variously been treated as a full species, a subspecies of the mallard or the Pacific black duck, or sometimes as a subspecies of the Indian spot-billed duck.", "Mariana mallard __knowledge__ The taxonomic status of the Mariana mallard is disputed, since it resembles an intermediate of the mallard and the Pacific black duck, two closely related allopatric species which frequently hybridise.", "Mariana mallard __knowledge__ Its males had two intergrading color morphs, called the \"platyrhynchos\" and the \"superciliosa\" types after the species they resembled more.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ Naval wargaming is a branch of the wider hobby of miniature wargaming.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ Generally less popular than wargames set on land, naval wargaming nevertheless enjoys a degree of support around the world.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ Both historical and fantasy rulesets are available.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ Model ships have long been used for wargaming, but it was the introduction of elaborate rules in the early 20th century that made the hobby more popular.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ Small miniature ships, often in 1:1200 scale and , were manoeuvred on large playing surfaces to recreate historical battles.", "Naval wargaming __knowledge__ These models were basic representations of ship types, with enough detail to make them recognisable.", "Museum __knowledge__ A museum ( ; plural musea or museums) is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.", "Museum __knowledge__ Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.", "Museum __knowledge__ The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.", "Museum __knowledge__ Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public.", "Museum __knowledge__ The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ This is a list of Renaissance fairs worldwide.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Included below are the fairs in the United States which are either notably long running or which regularly have had at least a two-week or better run.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Generally, renaissance fairs are open weekends-only during the periods indicated.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ States are listed first and dates are codified to facilitate searching by state and by date.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Most Canadian events are only one weekend in duration.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Those notable and older than 10 years are listed here.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Most Australian events are only one or two days in duration.", "List of Renaissance fairs __knowledge__ Notable Renaissance and Medieval events (older than 10 years) are listed here.", "Society for Creative Anachronism __knowledge__ The Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA) is an international living history group with the aim of studying and recreating mainly Medieval European cultures and their histories before the 17th century.", "Society for Creative Anachronism __knowledge__ A quip often used within the SCA describes it as a group devoted to the Middle Ages \"as they ought to have been\", choosing to \"selectively recreate the culture, choosing elements of the culture that interest and attract us\".", "Society for Creative Anachronism __knowledge__ Founded in 1966, the non-profit educational corporation has over 30,000 paid members with about 60,000 total participants in the society (including members and non-member participants).", "Romanticism __knowledge__ Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.", "Romanticism __knowledge__ Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.", "Romanticism __knowledge__ It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature—all components of modernity." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ A Renaissance fair, Renaissance faire, or Renaissance festival is an outdoor weekend gathering, usually held in the United States, open to the public and typically commercial in nature, which purportedly recreates a historical setting for the amusement of its guests.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are permanent theme parks, while others are short-term events in a fairground, winery, or other large public or private spaces.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs generally include an abundance of costumed entertainers or fair-goers, musical and theatrical acts, art and handicrafts for sale, and festival food.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some offer campgrounds for those who wish to stay more than one day.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Many Renaissance fairs are set during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some are set earlier, during the reign of Henry VIII, or in other countries, such as France, and some are set outside the era of the Renaissance; these may include earlier Medieval periods (including Vikings), or later periods, such as 17th-18th Century pirates.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Some engage in deliberate \"time travel\" by encouraging participants to wear costumes representing several eras in a broad time period.", "Renaissance fair __knowledge__ Renaissance fairs encourage visitors to enter into the spirit of things with costumes and audience participation.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, officially Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The company is responsible for the conception, building, and managing of its theme parks and vacation resorts, as well as a variety of family-oriented leisure enterprises.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Florida.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ Originally, the company was known as Walt Disney Outdoor Recreation Division and later as Walt Disney Attractions.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts __knowledge__ The chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is Bob Chapek, formerly president of Disney Consumer Products.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups.", "Amusement park __knowledge__ While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ The Universal Orlando Resort, commonly known as Universal Orlando, formerly Universal Studios Escape, is an American theme park and entertainment resort complex based in Orlando, Florida.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ It is wholly owned by NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ Universal Orlando is the second-largest resort in Greater Orlando after Walt Disney World Resort.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ Universal Orlando consists of two theme parks (Universal Studios Florida and Islands of Adventure), a water park (Volcano Bay), a night-time entertainment complex (Universal CityWalk Orlando), and five Loews Hotels (Loews Portofino Bay Hotel, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Cabana Bay Beach Resort and Loews Sapphire Falls Resort).", "Village Roadshow Theme Parks __knowledge__ Village Roadshow Theme Parks is a division of Village Roadshow Limited which operates theme parks and attractions in Australia and the United States of America.", "Village Roadshow Theme Parks __knowledge__ The Sydney Attractions Group Pty Ltd was formerly part of Village Roadshow Theme Parks; however, it was sold in 2011 to Merlin Entertainments.", "Village Roadshow Theme Parks __knowledge__ In 1989, the publicly listed Sea World Property Trust who owned its namesake theme park coordinated a three-way venture to acquire Wet'n'Wild Water World from the Herringe Group of Companies and build the adjacent Warner Bros. Movie World theme park.", "Village Roadshow Theme Parks __knowledge__ The two other companies involved in the venture were American multinational media corporation AOL Time Warner and fellow publicly listed Australian firm Village Roadshow Limited.", "Canada's Wonderland __knowledge__ Canada's Wonderland is a theme park located in Vaughan, Ontario, a suburb approximately north of Downtown Toronto.", "Canada's Wonderland __knowledge__ Opened in 1981 by the Taft Broadcasting Company and The Great-West Life Assurance Company as the first major theme park in Canada, it remains the country's largest.", "Canada's Wonderland __knowledge__ The park, currently owned by Cedar Fair, has been the most visited seasonal amusement park in North America for several consecutive years.", "Canada's Wonderland __knowledge__ As a seasonal park, Canada's Wonderland is open daily from May to September, with weekend openings in late April, October and early November.", "Canada's Wonderland __knowledge__ With sixteen roller coasters, Canada's Wonderland is ranked third in the world by number of roller coasters, after Six Flags Magic Mountain (19 coasters) and Cedar Point (17 coasters).", "Six Flags __knowledge__ Six Flags, officially Six Flags Entertainment Corporation, is an amusement park corporation based in the United States, with properties in the US, Canada, and Mexico.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ It is the largest amusement park company in the world, based on the number of properties owned, and is ranked sixth in terms of attendance.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ The company maintains twenty properties throughout North America including theme parks, thrill parks, water parks, and family entertainment centers.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ In 2016, Six Flags properties hosted over 30.1 million guests.", "Six Flags __knowledge__ Six Flags was founded in Texas and derived its name from its first property, Six Flags Over Texas." ] ]	[ 1, 2, 4 ]	[ "i have been to a few renaissance fairs. They're pretty fun outdoor gatherings and we recreate historical settings. Have you ever tried it?", "It is! There are some places that are permanent theme parks, but I've mainly participated in short-term events on the weekends.", "Sometimes there are campgrounds at the events. So you can stay in the environment for multiple days. It gets really interesting!" ]	[ "Renaissance fair", "Renaissance fair", "Renaissance fair" ]
[ "Ice cream", "I do like a good blizzard from Dairy Queen - my favorite ice cream is probably moose tracks.", "I haven't had it in a long time - I'm eating Keto so I need to try to make some of the keto ice cream recipes" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ Dairy Queen, often abbreviated DQ, is a chain of soft serve ice cream and fast-food restaurants owned by International Dairy Queen, Inc., a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ International Dairy Queen, Inc., also owns Orange Julius and Karmelkorn.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ The first DQ restaurant was located in Joliet, Illinois.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ It was operated by Sherb Noble and opened for business on June 22, 1940.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ It served a variety of frozen products, such as soft serve ice cream.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ The company's corporate offices are located in the Minneapolis suburb of Edina, Minnesota.", "Dairy Queen __knowledge__ The soft-serve formula was first developed in 1938 by Douds, Iowa-born John Fremont \"J.F.\"", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ Moose Tracks is a branded flavor of ice cream licensed by Denali Flavors that is manufactured by different companies under various brands.", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ The Original Moose Tracks product description is as follows, \"vanilla ice cream with peanut butter cups and famous Moose Tracks fudge\".", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ There are many iterations of Moose Tracks, including chocolate, mint, and brownie.", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ Light varieties of the ice cream are produced, which have fewer calories compared to full-calorie versions.", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ Additionally, a frozen yogurt variety is produced.", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ The brand's mascot is the Moose Tracks moose.", "Moose Tracks __knowledge__ Many different brands license the Moose Tracks flavor including Market Pantry (Target), Private Selection (Kroger Co.), Dean's, Signature Select (Safeway/Albertsons), Mayfield, and Publix.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, or fruit syrup.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Outside the United States, milkshakes using ice cream or iced milk are sometimes called a thick milkshake or thick shake; in New England, the term frappe may be used to differentiate it from thinner forms of flavored milk.", "Milkshake __knowledge__ Full-service restaurants, soda fountains, and diners usually prepare and mix the shake \"by hand\" from scoops of ice cream and milk in a blender or drink mixer using a stainless steel cup.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ An ice cream float or soda (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and East Asia), coke float (United Kingdom), root beer float (United States, Canada) or spider (Australia and New Zealand), is a chilled beverage that consists of ice cream in either a soft drink or in a mixture of flavored syrup and carbonated water.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The ice cream float was invented by Robert McCay Green in Philadelphia, PA, in 1874 during the Franklin Institute's semicentennial celebration.", "Ice cream float __knowledge__ The traditional story is that, on a particularly hot day, Mr. Green ran out of cold ice for the flavored drinks he was selling and used vanilla ice cream from a neighboring vendor, thus inventing a new drink.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) __knowledge__ Miracle Treat Day is an American and Canadian fundraising event for the Children's Miracle Network and is sponsored by Dairy Queen.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) __knowledge__ The event is held annually, on July 27th in the United States, and on August 10th in Canada.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) __knowledge__ At least $1 of all proceeds from each The Blizzard Treat sold at participating locations that day goes towards benefiting local community children's hospitals.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) __knowledge__ The purpose of this event is to raise funds for the 170+ Children's Miracle Network hospital's worldwide.", "Miracle Treat Day (Dairy Queen) __knowledge__ Each year these hospitals treat about 17 million children and they impact the lives of more children than any other children's organization in the world.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream parlors (or parlours) are restaurants that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt to consumers.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed ice cream), gelato, and soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and \"twist\", a mix of the two).", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ It is customary for ice cream parlors to offer a number of flavors and items.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones or in dishes, to be eaten with a spoon.", "Ice cream parlor __knowledge__ Some ice cream parlours prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ An ice cream sandwich is a frozen dessert consisting of ice cream between two wafers, cookies, or other similar biscuit.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ Within Australia, ice cream sandwiches are given the commercial name of \"Giant Sandwich\" (recognizable by its distinct blue and pink wrapper), and \"Monaco Bar\" (recognizable by its gold and black metallic wrapper) in the Eastern states.", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ Other varieties include Streets \"Cookie\", \"Maxibon\" (with one-half ice cream sandwich) and \"Maxibon Cookie\", and \"Pat and Stick's Homemade range\" (recognizable by its circular shape).", "Ice cream sandwich __knowledge__ The original ice cream sandwich was commonly known as a \"cream between\".", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ House of Flavors, based in Ludington, Michigan, is a manufacturer of ice cream that is sold throughout the world.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ They have a 1950s themed ice cream parlor in front of the manufacturing plant.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Their signature flavor is their \"Blue Moon\" ice cream.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ House of Flavors was founded in 1929 when Guy W. Hawley owned a dairy business west of downtown Ludington.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ The dairy at 402 West Ludington Avenue had no official name then as it was part of a farm operation.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Sometime after 1930 Roland Benedict and Albert Bradshaw became partners with Hawley.", "House of Flavors __knowledge__ Albert Miller bought out Benedict and Bradshaw in 1935 and the dairy business became known as Miller's Dairy.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ There is a clear indication that Mount Fuji-shaped green tea ice cream was an item on the menu at the royal dinner party during the Meiji period (1868–1912).", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ The true origin of green tea ice cream, however, is unknown.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ Although green tea itself seems to have existed as local handmade ice cream at some districts in Japan, none of the Japanese flavored ice creams were really merchandised until the 1990s because the major Japanese ice cream manufacturers were producing vanilla, strawberry and chocolate as their primary flavors.", "Green tea ice cream __knowledge__ However, green tea shaved ice has been well known and popular in Japan long before green tea ice cream." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavors.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It is typically sweetened with sugar or sugar substitutes.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Typically, flavourings and colourings are added in addition to stabilizers.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The mixture is stirred to incorporate air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (< ).", "Ice cream __knowledge__ It becomes more malleable as its temperature increases.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ The meaning of the phrase \"ice cream\" varies from one country to another.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Phrases such as \"frozen custard\", \"frozen yogurt\", \"sorbet\", \"gelato\" and others are used to distinguish different varieties and styles.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase \"ice cream\" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream.", "Ice cream __knowledge__ Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled \"frozen dairy dessert\" instead.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants or kiosks, and ice cream pops are sold on some streets and at the beaches, the most traditional Argentine \"helado\" (ice cream) is very similar to Italian gelato, rather than US-style ice cream, and it has become one of the most popular desserts in the country.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Among the most famous manufacturers are \"Freddo,\" \"Persicco,\" \"Chungo\", \"Cremolatti\" and \"Munchi's,\" all of them located in Buenos Aires.", "List of ice cream varieties by country __knowledge__ Each city has its own \"heladerías\" (ice cream parlours) which offer different varieties of creamy and water-based ice creams, including both standard and regional flavours.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla is frequently used to flavor ice cream, especially in North America and Europe.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ Vanilla ice cream, like other flavors of ice cream, was originally created by cooling a mixture made of cream, sugar, and vanilla above a container of ice and salt.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ The type of vanilla used to flavor ice cream varies by location.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ In North America, consumers are interested in a more prominent, smoky flavor, while in France, they want a more anise-like flavor.", "Vanilla ice cream __knowledge__ To create the smooth consistency of ice cream, the mixture has to be stirred occasionally and then returned to the container of ice and salt to continue the solidification process.", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ A domestic ice cream maker is a machine used to make small quantities of ice cream for personal consumption.", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ Ice cream makers may prepare the mixture by employing the hand-cranking method or by employing an electric motor.", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ The resulting preparation is often chilled through either pre-cooling the machine or by employing a machine that freezes the mixture.", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ An ice cream maker has to simultaneously freeze the mixture while churning it so as to aerate the mixture and keep the ice crystals small (less than 50 μm).", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ As a result, most ice creams are ready to consume immediately.", "Ice cream maker __knowledge__ However, those containing alcohol must often be chilled further to attain a firm consistency.", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Based in Los Angeles, California, Coolhaus is a brand of super-premium ice cream founded in 2009 by Natasha Case and Freya Estreller on the principle of using food to spark interest in architecture.", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Coolhaus was built on the concept of Farchitecture (Food + Architecture) and became an artisanal ice cream brand, with the mission statement to \"strive to push the boundaries of traditional dessert by creating unique, sweet-meets-savory flavors you can't find anywhere else\".", "Coolhaus __knowledge__ Coolhaus ice cream is made at a 20% overrun compared to the 50% industry standard for super-premium ice cream, giving it a creamier, smoother and richer taste.", "7-Keto-DHEA __knowledge__ 7-Ketodehydroepiandrosterone (7-keto-DHEA), also known as 7-oxoprasterone, is a steroid produced by metabolism of the prohormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).", "7-Keto-DHEA __knowledge__ 7-Keto-DHEA is not directly converted to testosterone or estrogen, and has thus been investigated as a potentially more useful relative of DHEA.", "7-Keto-DHEA __knowledge__ It is often used as the acetate ester prodrug 7-keto-DHEA acetate.", "7-Keto-DHEA __knowledge__ While \"in vitro\" and animal studies have suggested potential uses for 7-keto-DHEA in humans, there is currently limited scientific evidence to support its use as a weight-loss aid, muscle-builder, immune stimulant, or for any other clinical use.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla production contributes to the local economy of French Polynesia.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Although it was a major export crop after its introduction by the French in 1848, vanilla is no longer a significant export product.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Vanilla was first introduced to French Polynesia by French colonizers as an export crop.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Later, it became an important cash crop in the development of the island's economy.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, production was much greater than it is today, with 150-200 tons produced annually and plantations employing a sizable percentage of the population.", "Vanilla production in French Polynesia __knowledge__ Over the years, its production has been influenced by several factors and has declined from a high of 200 tons to a 2013 yield of 60 tons.", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ A sweetened beverage is any beverage with added sugar.", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ It has been described as \"liquid candy.\"", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ Consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to weight gain, obesity, and associated health risks.", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ According to the CDC, consumption of sweetened beverages is also associated with unhealthy behaviors like smoking, not getting enough sleep and exercise, and eating fast food often and not enough fruits regularly.", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ A number of studies suggest that there is a significant correlation between increased consumption of sweetened beverages and weight gain leading to obesity.", "Sweetened beverage __knowledge__ There has also been an association between consumption of sweetened beverages and health risks such as coronary heart disease and diabetes.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ Below is a list and summary of some of the deleted state highways (i.e., those with no current routing) as outlined by the Texas Department of Transportation designation files, indicated by having zero current mileage.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ State Highway 1 ran from El Paso through Dallas to Texarkana.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ It was the first highway designated in 1917.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ In 1926, the United States Highway System was designated, with US 80 colocated from El Paso to Dallas and US 67 from Dallas to Texarkana.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ On September 26, 1939, the dual designations were removed, leaving TX 1 only on a small stretch west of Dallas.", "List of former Texas state highways __knowledge__ This section was redesignated as State Loop 260 on August 20, 1952.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ A soft drink (see terminology for other names) is a drink that typically contains carbonated water (although lemonade, among others, is usually not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ The sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and other ingredients.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Soft drinks are called \"soft\" in contrast with \"hard\" alcoholic beverages.", "Soft drink __knowledge__ Small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ Delicious is a series of time management casual games that is developed by Zylom Studios and later on by Gamehouse Studios.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ From the 7th game onwards, the games are developed by Gamehouse Studios and Blue Giraffe.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ The games tell the story of Emily, a waitress who aspires to one day run her own restaurant, and who works in several other restaurants in order to earn the money to eventually make her dream come true.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ After releasing the first 3 games of the series, Zylom decided to \"renew\" the series by adding some factors to it to make Emily's world more memorable and natural.", "Delicious (game series) __knowledge__ As a result of this, from the fourth game onwards, the series received high appreciation and reviews from casual game critics and gamers, such as Gamezebo, who gave the seventh game, \"Emily's True Love\", a maximum 5/5 star overall review.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ A doughnut or donut (both: or ; see spelling differences) is a type of fried dough confectionery or dessert food.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ The doughnut is popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors.", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough, and typically either ring-shaped or a number of shapes without a hole, and often filled, but can also be ball-shaped (the \"hole\").", "Doughnut __knowledge__ Other types of batters can also be used, and various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate, or maple glazing." ] ]	[ 2, 3, 63 ]	[ "I love ice cream as a dessert. My favorite dairy ice cream is cookies and cream. What about you?", "That sounds delicious! I've never tried it. Amy's Mexican Vanilla based out of Austin, TX is great and sweetened naturally.", "I actually know nothing about Keto. I'm guessing it eliminates sweeteners like high-fructose corn syrup?" ]	[ "Ice cream", "Ice cream", "Ice cream" ]
[ "Real estate broker", "brokers can be very useful I understand but I dont really understand their job", "so a broker and agent are the same thing", "oh I see, so really the term is interchangable depending on where you live?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker or real estate salesperson (often called a real estate agent) is a person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate/real property and attempts to match up sellers who wish to sell and buyers who wish to buy.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, the relationship was originally established by reference to the English common law of agency, with the broker having a fiduciary relationship with his or her clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker typically receives a payment called a \"commission\" for successfully matching a seller's real estate with a buyer such that a sale can be made.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents when applicable.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ An estate agent, which is a term used in the United Kingdom, is a person or business entity whose business is to market real estate on behalf of clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ There are significant differences between the actions, powers, obligations, and liabilities of brokers and estate agents in each country.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ Other countries take markedly different approaches to the marketing and selling of real property.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, however, real estate brokers and their salespersons who assist owners in marketing, selling, or leasing properties are commonly called \"listing brokers\" and \"listing agents.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker or real estate salesperson (often called a real estate agent) is a person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate/real property and attempts to match up sellers who wish to sell and buyers who wish to buy.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, the relationship was originally established by reference to the English common law of agency, with the broker having a fiduciary relationship with his or her clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker typically receives a payment called a \"commission\" for successfully matching a seller's real estate with a buyer such that a sale can be made.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents when applicable.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ An estate agent, which is a term used in the United Kingdom, is a person or business entity whose business is to market real estate on behalf of clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ There are significant differences between the actions, powers, obligations, and liabilities of brokers and estate agents in each country.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ Other countries take markedly different approaches to the marketing and selling of real property.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, however, real estate brokers and their salespersons who assist owners in marketing, selling, or leasing properties are commonly called \"listing brokers\" and \"listing agents.\"", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ The United States (U.S.) subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007-2010, which contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ It was triggered by a large decline in home prices after the collapse of a housing bubble, leading to mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures and the devaluation of housing-related securities.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Declines in residential investment preceded the recession and were followed by reductions in household spending and then business investment.", "Subprime mortgage crisis __knowledge__ Spending reductions were more significant in areas with a combination of high household debt and larger housing price declines.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Many factors directly and indirectly caused the Great Recession (which started in 2007 with the US subprime mortgage crisis), with experts and economists placing different weights on particular causes.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Major causes of the initial subprime mortgage crisis and following recession include: International trade imbalances and lax lending standards contributing to high levels of developed country household debt and real-estate bubbles that have since burst; U.S. government housing policies; and limited regulation of non-depository financial institutions.", "Causes of the Great Recession __knowledge__ Once the recession began, various responses were attempted with different degrees of success.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "Mortgage broker __knowledge__ A mortgage broker acts as an intermediary who brokers mortgage loans on behalf of individuals or businesses.", "Mortgage broker __knowledge__ Traditionally, banks and other lending institutions have sold their own products.", "Mortgage broker __knowledge__ As markets for mortgages have become more competitive, however, the role of the mortgage broker has become more popular.", "Mortgage broker __knowledge__ In many developed mortgage markets today, (especially in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Spain), mortgage brokers are the largest sellers of mortgage products for lenders.", "Mortgage broker __knowledge__ Mortgage brokers exist to find a bank or a direct lender that will be willing to make specific loan an individual is seeking.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "DONT __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, DONT is a conventional overcall used to interfere with an opponent's one notrump (1NT) opening bid.", "DONT __knowledge__ DONT, an acronym for Disturb Opponents' Notrump, was designed by Marty Bergen, and is therefore also referred to as \"Bergen over Notrump\".", "DONT __knowledge__ Although the method is often criticized for being too nebulous, it remains fairly popular.", "DONT __knowledge__ The convention was first published in the September/October 1989 issue of \"Bridge Today\".", "DONT __knowledge__ In DONT, the two-level overcalls of trump show a two suiter of the suit bid and an unspecified higher-ranking suit.", "DONT __knowledge__ The feature distinguishing DONT from other similar conventions such as Cappelletti is the use of the double to show length in one suit, rather than hand strength or for .", "South African law of sale __knowledge__ The South African law of sale is an area of the legal system in that country that describes rules applicable to a contract of sale (or, to be more specific, purchase and sale, or \"emptio venditio\"), generally described as a contract whereby one person agrees to deliver to another the free possession of a thing in return for a price in money.", "South African law of sale __knowledge__ The contract of sale, as it is known in South Africa today, derives its origins from the Roman consensual contract of \"emptio venditio\".", "South African law of sale __knowledge__ In \"D\" 18.1 (the title devoted to the contract of emptio venditio), there is no all-embracing definition of the special contract, but certain critical features can be extracted from the early fragments of the title: Sale is a contract of the law of nations, and so is concluded by simple agreement.", "Real estate contract __knowledge__ A real estate contract is a contract between parties for the purchase and sale, exchange, or other conveyance of real estate.", "Real estate contract __knowledge__ The sale of land is governed by the laws and practices of the jurisdiction in which the land is located.", "Real estate contract __knowledge__ Real estate called leasehold estate is actually a rental of real property such as an apartment, and leases (rental contracts) cover such rentals since they typically do not result in recordable deeds.", "Real estate contract __knowledge__ Freehold (\"More permanent\") conveyances of real estate are covered by real estate contracts, including conveying fee simple title, life estates, remainder estates, and freehold easements.", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ A private transfer fee covenant is a legal instrument that is filed in the real property records, which imposes an assessment payable in connection with a series of future transfers of title to certain real property.", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ The assessment can be for a fixed amount or a percentage of the sales price, and typically runs for a limited term (usually ranging from 20 to 99 years).", "Private transfer fee __knowledge__ Unlike a transfer tax (payable to a governmental entity) a private transfer fee assessment is payable to an identified third-party, often a community association (like a homeowners’ association, or “HOA”), the real estate developer, and/or an environmental or charitable organization.", "Flat-fee MLS __knowledge__ Flat-fee MLS refers to the practice in the real estate industry of a seller entering into an \"à la carte service agreement\" with a real estate broker who accepts a flat fee rather than a percentage of the sale price for the listing side of the transaction.", "Flat-fee MLS __knowledge__ A flat-fee MLS brokerage typically unbundles the services a traditional real estate brokerage offers and lists the property for sale in the local multiple listing service (MLS) à la carte without requiring the seller to use all services.", "Flat-fee MLS __knowledge__ The primary objective of a flat-fee listing is to be exposed on the MLS and cut the listing side of the commission completely out by dealing directly with \"buyer's agents.\"", "Flipping __knowledge__ Flipping is a term used primarily in the United States to describe purchasing a revenue-generating asset and quickly reselling (or \"flipping\") it for profit.", "Flipping __knowledge__ Though flipping can apply to any asset, the term is most often applied to real estate and initial public offerings (IPOs).", "Flipping __knowledge__ The term \"flipping\" is used by real estate investors to describe \"residential redevelopment\".", "Flipping __knowledge__ Redevelopment of distressed or abandoned properties or neighborhoods has sometimes been linked to malicious and unscrupulous acts in the post housing bubble era.", "Flipping __knowledge__ The term \"flipping\" is frequently used both as a descriptive term for schemes involving market manipulation and other illegal conduct and as a derogatory term for legal real estate investing strategies that are perceived by some to be unethical or socially destructive.", "Internal Revenue Code section 1031 __knowledge__ Under Section 1031 of the United States Internal Revenue Code (), a taxpayer may defer recognition of capital gains and related federal income tax liability on the exchange of certain types of property.", "Internal Revenue Code section 1031 __knowledge__ In 1979, this treatment was expanded by the courts to include non-simultaneous sale and purchase of real estate, a process sometimes called a \"Starker exchange\".", "Internal Revenue Code section 1031 __knowledge__ To qualify for Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, the properties exchanged must be held for productive use in a trade or business, or for investment.", "Internal Revenue Code section 1031 __knowledge__ Stocks, bonds, and other properties are listed as expressly excluded by Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, although securitized properties are not excluded." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker or real estate salesperson (often called a real estate agent) is a person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate/real property and attempts to match up sellers who wish to sell and buyers who wish to buy.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, the relationship was originally established by reference to the English common law of agency, with the broker having a fiduciary relationship with his or her clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker typically receives a payment called a \"commission\" for successfully matching a seller's real estate with a buyer such that a sale can be made.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents when applicable.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ An estate agent, which is a term used in the United Kingdom, is a person or business entity whose business is to market real estate on behalf of clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ There are significant differences between the actions, powers, obligations, and liabilities of brokers and estate agents in each country.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ Other countries take markedly different approaches to the marketing and selling of real property.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, however, real estate brokers and their salespersons who assist owners in marketing, selling, or leasing properties are commonly called \"listing brokers\" and \"listing agents.\"", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ U.S.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ Agent is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, usually those starring Captain America and the Avengers.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ He was created by Mark Gruenwald and Paul Neary and first appeared in \"Captain America\" #323 (November 1986) as Super-Patriot.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ He was later redesigned as a new incarnation of Captain America and, just a few years later, as U.S.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ Agent.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ In 2012, U.S.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ Agent was ranked 29th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ The character John Walker was first introduced as the supervillain Super-Patriot in \"Captain America\" #323.", "U.S. Agent __knowledge__ Mark Gruenwald created Walker to counter the general message in \"Captain America\" of patriotism being invariably good, describing him as someone who embodied patriotism in a way that Captain America didn't—a patriotic \"villain\".", "Net capital rule __knowledge__ The uniform net capital rule is a rule created by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (\"SEC\") in 1975 to regulate directly the ability of broker-dealers to meet their financial obligations to customers and other creditors.", "Net capital rule __knowledge__ Broker-dealers are companies that trade securities for customers (i.e., brokers) and for their own accounts (i.e., dealers).", "Net capital rule __knowledge__ The rule requires those firms to value their securities at market prices and to apply to those values a haircut (i.e., a discount) based on each security's risk characteristics.", "Net capital rule __knowledge__ The haircut values of securities are used to compute the liquidation value of a broker-dealer's assets to determine whether the broker-dealer holds enough liquid assets to pay all its non-subordinated liabilities and to still retain a \"cushion\" of required liquid assets (i.e., the \"net capital\" requirement) to ensure payment of all obligations owed to customers if there is a delay in liquidating the assets.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ Power Broker is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ The \"Power Broker\" concept was devised by Mark Gruenwald as a satire on the public obsession with health and fitness.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ The Curtiss Jackson version of Power Broker first appeared in \"Machine Man\" #6 (September 1978) and was created by Roger Stern and Sal Buscema.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ The second Power Broker first appeared in \"\" #1 (January 2008) and was created by Dan Slott and Christos N. Gage.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ Curtiss Jackson was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.", "Power Broker __knowledge__ He became a professional criminal and an executive with the criminal organization known as the Corporation.", "Securities market participants (United States) __knowledge__ Securities market participants in the United States include corporations and governments issuing securities, persons and corporations buying and selling a security, the broker-dealers and exchanges which facilitate such trading, banks which safe keep assets, and regulators who monitor the markets' activities.", "Securities market participants (United States) __knowledge__ Investors buy and sell through broker-dealers and have their assets retained by either their executing broker-dealer, a custodian bank or a prime broker.", "Securities market participants (United States) __knowledge__ These transactions take place in the environment of equity and equity options exchanges, regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or derivative exchanges, regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal was the leader of the Sandstormers, who found Apocalypse as a baby and raised him.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ The character, created by Terry Kavanagh and Adam Pollina first appeared in \"The Rise of Apocalypse\" #1 (October 1996).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Baal is the leader of the Sandstormers, raiders and scavengers in ancient Egypt who lived by the dogma of survival of the fittest.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang the Conqueror went back in time in his spaceship, the Sphinx, and crash landed, he was found by the Sandstormers.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ Inside, Baal and his people found a wounded Kang, and nursed him back to health.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: B __knowledge__ When Kang recovered, he ran away and became pharaoh of Egypt as Rama Tut.", "Business broker __knowledge__ Business brokers, also called business transfer agents, or intermediaries, assist buyers and sellers of privately held business in the buying and selling process.", "Business broker __knowledge__ They typically estimate the value of the business; advertise it for sale with or without disclosing its identity; handle the initial potential buyer interviews, discussions, and negotiations with prospective buyers; facilitate the progress of the due diligence investigation and generally assist with the business sale.", "Business broker __knowledge__ Agency relationships in business ownership transactions involve the representation by a business broker (on behalf of a brokerage company) of the selling principal, whether that person is a buyer or a seller.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: A Jekyll and Hyde-type who fought Captain Marvel Jr. Based on the Nazi Dictator Adolf Hitler.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Führer of Nazi Germany, he was a member of the Monster Society of Evil.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ He ordered the creation of Captain Nazi, and caused many plots against America and its superheroes.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Like his real-life counterpart, he probably committed suicide with his wife when the Allies were advancing to Berlin.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Only appearing in \"Marvel Family\" #27.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (A–G) __knowledge__ Created by a scientist who thinks if everyone in the world was like him there would be no war.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker or real estate salesperson (often called a real estate agent) is a person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate/real property and attempts to match up sellers who wish to sell and buyers who wish to buy.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, the relationship was originally established by reference to the English common law of agency, with the broker having a fiduciary relationship with his or her clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ A real estate broker typically receives a payment called a \"commission\" for successfully matching a seller's real estate with a buyer such that a sale can be made.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents when applicable.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ An estate agent, which is a term used in the United Kingdom, is a person or business entity whose business is to market real estate on behalf of clients.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ There are significant differences between the actions, powers, obligations, and liabilities of brokers and estate agents in each country.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ Other countries take markedly different approaches to the marketing and selling of real property.", "Real estate broker __knowledge__ In the United States, however, real estate brokers and their salespersons who assist owners in marketing, selling, or leasing properties are commonly called \"listing brokers\" and \"listing agents.\"", "2009 Turkish Grand Prix __knowledge__ The 2009 Turkish Grand Prix was the seventh motor race of the 2009 Formula One season.", "2009 Turkish Grand Prix __knowledge__ It was held on 7 June 2009 at Istanbul Park, Istanbul, Turkey.", "2009 Turkish Grand Prix __knowledge__ Felipe Massa won the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix for Ferrari, in addition to his wins at Istanbul Park in 2006 and 2007.", "2009 Turkish Grand Prix __knowledge__ The only other driver to win the Turkish Grand Prix in Formula One was Massa's current team-mate Kimi Räikkönen, when with McLaren.", "2009 Turkish Grand Prix __knowledge__ Jenson Button led the Drivers' Championship by 16 points from his teammate at Brawn, Rubens Barrichello going into the race, while Brawn GP led the Constructors' Championship by 43.5 points from Red Bull.", "Benjamin Netanyahu __knowledge__ Benjamin \"Bibi\" Netanyahu (; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician serving as the 9th and current Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, previously holding the position from 1996 to 1999.", "Benjamin Netanyahu __knowledge__ Netanyahu also currently is a member of the Knesset and the Chairman of the Likud party.", "Benjamin Netanyahu __knowledge__ Netanyahu is the first Israeli Prime Minister born in Israel after the establishment of the state.", "Benjamin Netanyahu __knowledge__ Born in Tel Aviv to secular Jewish parents, Netanyahu joined the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Six-Day War in 1967, and became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit.", "Benjamin Netanyahu __knowledge__ Netanyahu took part in many missions, including Operation Inferno (1968), Operation Gift (1968) and Operation Isotope (1972), during which he was shot in the shoulder.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Chris Vlok __knowledge__ Chris Vlok (born 17 September 1992) is a professional racing driver from New Zealand.", "Chris Vlok __knowledge__ Vlok began racing in 2008 at the age of 15 after buying and selling second hand cars to make money, building his own E30 BMW into a race car - all while at high school.", "Chris Vlok __knowledge__ His first race was at the final round of the New Zealand E30 Series where he finished mid field.", "Chris Vlok __knowledge__ He raced at five of the six meetings in 2009, finishing fourth overall after recording several wins, pole positions, podiums and fastest laps.", "Chris Vlok __knowledge__ Vlok moved to single-seater racing in 2010 in a Formula Ford, competing in the Christchurch and Timaru rounds of the New Zealand Formula Ford Championship where he finished mid pack.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ Sabit İnce (born 27 August 1954 in Nevşehir) is a Turkish poet, writer and Islamic scholar.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ He graduated from the Political Sciences Faculty of Marmara University.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ He was the editor-in-chief of the \"Papirus\" literary magazine.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ Sabit Ince is a member of the Second New Generation of Turkish poetry, an abstract and postmodern movement created as a backlash against the more popular-based Anadolu Hececileri movement.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ Love, mainly through its erotic entity, is a popular theme of ince's works.", "Sabit İnce __knowledge__ Sabit's poems and articles were published in magazines including \"Tore\", \"Devlet\", \"Deniz Postası\", \"Bizim Anadolu \", \"Tercüman\", \"Hergün\", \"Ortadogu\", \"Kayseri Hakimiyet\" and \"Yeni Kayseri \".", "Estate agent __knowledge__ An estate agent is a person or business that arranges the selling, renting, or management of properties and other buildings in the United Kingdom, Ireland, or other countries around the world.", "Estate agent __knowledge__ An agent that specialises in renting is often called a letting or management agent.", "Estate agent __knowledge__ Estate agents are mainly engaged in the marketing of property available for sale, and a solicitor or licensed conveyancer is used to prepare the legal documents.", "Estate agent __knowledge__ In Scotland, however, many solicitors also act as estate agents, a practice that is rare in England and Wales.", "Estate agent __knowledge__ It is customary in the United Kingdom and in Ireland to refer to \"real estate\" or \"real property\" simply as \"property\".", "South African law of agency __knowledge__ The law of agency in South Africa regulates the performance of a juristic act on behalf or in the name of one person (\"the principal\") by another (\"the agent\"), who is authorised by the principal to act, with the result that a legal tie (vinculum juris) arises between the principal and a third party, which creates, alters or discharges legal relations between the principal and a third party.", "South African law of agency __knowledge__ Kerr states that, in legal contexts, the word “agent” is most commonly used of a person whose activities are concerned with the formation, variation or termination of contractual obligations, and that agency has a corresponding meaning.", "Internet real estate __knowledge__ An electronic version of the real estate industry, internet real estate is the concept of publishing housing estates for sale or rent, and for consumers seeking to buy or rent a property.", "Internet real estate __knowledge__ Often, internet real estates are operated by landlords themselves.", "Internet real estate __knowledge__ However, there are few exceptions where an online real estate agent would exist, still dealing via the web and often stating a flat-fee and not a commission based on percentage of total sales.", "Internet real estate __knowledge__ Internet real estate surfaced around 1999 when technology advanced and statistics prove that more than 1 million homes were sold by the owners themselves in just America, in 2000.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ Gary Keller is an American entrepreneur and best-selling author.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ He is the founder of Keller Williams Realty International, which is the largest real estate company in the world by agent count.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ Keller founded Keller Williams on training and education and later brought his teachings to print.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ His books include \"The Millionaire Real Estate Agent,\" \"The Real Estate Investor,\" and \"The ONE Thing\".", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ He currently serves as the Chairman of the Board at Keller Williams Realty International.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ Keller was born on July 21, 1957 in Pasadena, Texas.", "Gary W. Keller __knowledge__ Both his mother and father were school teachers, until his father was promoted to be a high school administrator.", "Josh Flagg __knowledge__ Joshua Daniel Flagg (born August 20, 1985) is an American real estate agent, author and television personality as an original cast member on the show \"Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles\" on the Bravo television network.", "Josh Flagg __knowledge__ The show follows young real estate agents in Los Angeles as they sell high-end homes.", "Josh Flagg __knowledge__ He has been with Rodeo Realty Beverly Hills since 2012.", "Josh Flagg __knowledge__ Flagg has authored two books, \"A Simple Girl: Stories My Grandmother Told Me\", published in 2009, and \"Million Dollar Agent: Brokering the Dream\" which was published in 2011.", "Josh Flagg __knowledge__ Flagg was featured on Forbes' 30 Under 30 in 2012 as a top record-breaking real estate agent.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ Joking Apart is a BBC television sitcom written by Steven Moffat about the rise and fall of a relationship.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ It juxtaposes a couple, Mark (Robert Bathurst) and Becky (Fiona Gillies), who fall in love and marry, before getting separated and finally divorced.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ The twelve episodes, broadcast between 1993 and 1995, were directed by Bob Spiers and produced by Andre Ptaszynski for independent production company Pola Jones.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ The show is semi-autobiographical; it was inspired by the then-recent separation of Moffat and his first wife.", "Joking Apart __knowledge__ Some of the episodes in the first series followed a non-linear parallel structure, contrasting the rise of the relationship with the fall." ] ]	[ 1, 1, 5, 6 ]	[ "My cousin just started as a Real estate brooker, he is the person between the seller and buyer of a house. ", "He tries to match up people who are selling their house and people who wants to buy a house. ", "Estate agent is the term used in the UK. ", "There are also differences as for the obligation, liabilities and powers between an estate agent in the UK and a real estate broker in the US. " ]	[ "Real estate broker", "Real estate broker", "Real estate broker", "Real estate broker" ]
[ "Tokyo\nNext month I am going to Tokyo, have you ever been?", "I really want to go the the arcades there", "They have giant arcades there with video games and I did not know that", "I had no idea that it was formed that recently" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ During the first years of the Pacific War these attacks were limited to the Doolittle Raid in April 1942 and small-scale raids on military positions in the Kuril Islands from mid-1943.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war in August 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ Allied naval and land-based tactical air units also attacked Japan during 1945.", "Air raids on Japan __knowledge__ The United States military air campaign waged against Japan began in earnest in mid-1944 and intensified during the war's last months.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Yoko Ono (born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She performs in both English and Japanese.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She is known for being the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Ono grew up in Tokyo and also spent several formative years in New York City.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She studied at Gakushuin, but withdrew from her course after two years and moved to New York in 1953 to live with her family.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College and then became involved in New York City's downtown artists scene, which included the Fluxus group.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Ant-Man is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name: Scott Lang and Hank Pym.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the twelfth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Peyton Reed, with a screenplay by the writing teams Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish, and Adam McKay and Paul Rudd.", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ It stars Rudd as Scott Lang / Ant-Man, alongside Evangeline Lilly, Corey Stoll, Bobby Cannavale, Michael Peña, Tip \"T.I.\"", "Ant-Man (film) __knowledge__ Harris, Anthony Mackie, Wood Harris, Judy Greer, David Dastmalchian, and Michael Douglas as Hank Pym.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, author and former bodybuilder.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ He is currently signed with WWE under a Legends contract.", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Sting is known for his time spent as the public face of two major professional wrestling promotions: the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which displaced the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as the leading professional wrestling organization in the United States from 1995 to 1998, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).", "Sting (wrestler) __knowledge__ Borden is regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, having cultivated a legacy over a career spanning more than three decades in which he held 15 world championships.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ Amiga Power (AP) was a monthly magazine about Amiga video games.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ It was published in the United Kingdom by Future plc, and ran for 65 issues, from May 1991 to September 1996.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ It was in many ways the spiritual successor to \"Your Sinclair\", which shared many of the same staff and had a similar sense of humour.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ \"Amiga Power\" had a number of principles which comprised its philosophy regarding games.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ Like almost all Amiga magazines of the time, they marked games according to a percentage scale.", "Amiga Power __knowledge__ However, \"Amiga Power\" firmly believed that the full range of this scale should be used when reviewing games.", "Mabuchi Motor __knowledge__ Mabuchi Motor holds 70% of the market for motors used with automotive door mirrors, door locks, and air conditioning damper actuators.", "Mabuchi Motor __knowledge__ Sales of power window lifter motors are on the rise.", "Mabuchi Motor __knowledge__ The company's ratio of consolidated markets is 64.3% automotive products and 35.7% consumer and industrial products.", "Mabuchi Motor __knowledge__ Applications for Mabuchi brushed DC electric motors and brushless electric motors include power drills, lawn mowers, vibrating cell phones and video game controllers, vibrators, vacuum cleaners, toy cars and planes, CD, DVD and Blu-ray players, digital cameras, computer printers, electric fans, electric razors, washing machines, electric tooth brushes, and blow dryers.", "Alex Shelley __knowledge__ Patrick Martin (born May 23, 1983), is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Alex Shelley.", "Alex Shelley __knowledge__ He is best known for working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as one half of The Motor City Machine Guns with Chris Sabin.", "Alex Shelley __knowledge__ He first gained fame on the independent circuit working for Ring of Honor (ROH), as well as in Japan, for Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max.", "Alex Shelley __knowledge__ He has also worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he is a former three-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion.", "Alex Shelley __knowledge__ Aside from wrestling, he is the lead singer of a rock band called The High Crusade, which includes his friends and fellow wrestlers Chris Sabin and Petey Williams." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ All I Really Want to Do is the debut solo studio album by American singer-actress Cher and was released on October 16, 1965, by Imperial Records.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album was produced for Cher by her then husband and singing partner, Sonny Bono, with contributions from arranger Harold Battiste.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ The album is by-and-large a collection of cover versions but does contain three songs written by Bono.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ Upon its release, the album was well received by critics and garnered positive reviews.", "All I Really Want to Do (album) __knowledge__ At the same time that the duo Sonny & Cher were debuting on Atco Records, Sonny Bono arranged a solo deal for Cher on the Imperial label.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" is a song written by Bob Dylan and featured on his Tom Wilson-produced 1964 album, \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\" (\"see\" 1964 in music).", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ It is arguably one of the most popular songs that Dylan wrote in the period immediately after he abandoned topical songwriting.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ Within a year of its release on \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\", it had also become one of Dylan's most familiar songs to pop and rock audiences, due to hit cover versions by Cher and the Byrds.", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ \"All I Really Want to Do\" was first released on Dylan's 1964 album \"Another Side of Bob Dylan\".", "All I Really Want to Do __knowledge__ The song was also included on the Dylan compilations \"Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" is a song written and recorded by the British new wave band Culture Club.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ Released as a single in September 1982 from the group's platinum-selling debut album \"Kissing to Be Clever\", it was the band's first UK #1 hit.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ In the United States, the single was released in November 1982 and also became a huge hit, reaching #2 for three weeks.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" was the third single released in Europe by Culture Club and their debut release in the United States and Canada.", "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me __knowledge__ The song was picked up by BBC Radio 2 and became a UK #1 single for three weeks in October 1982.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ Mr. Tambourine Man is the debut album by the American folk rock band the Byrds and was released in June 1965 on Columbia Records (\"see\" 1965 in music).", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The album, along with the single of the same name, established the band as an internationally successful rock act and was also influential in originating the musical style known as folk rock.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The term \"folk rock\" was, in fact, first coined by the U.S. music press to describe the band's sound in mid-1965, at around the same time that the \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" single reached the top of the \"Billboard\" chart.", "Mr. Tambourine Man (album) __knowledge__ The single and album also represented the first effective American challenge to the dominance of The Beatles and the British Invasion during the mid-1960s.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ \"My Sweet Lord\" is a song by English musician George Harrison.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ It was released in November 1970 on his triple album \"All Things Must Pass\".", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Also issued as a single, Harrison's first as a solo artist, \"My Sweet Lord\" topped charts worldwide and was the biggest-selling single of 1971 in the UK.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ In America and Britain, the song was the first number-one single by an ex-Beatle.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison originally gave the song to his fellow Apple Records artist Billy Preston to record; this version, which Harrison co-produced, appeared on Preston's \"Encouraging Words\" album in September 1970.", "My Sweet Lord __knowledge__ Harrison wrote \"My Sweet Lord\" in praise of the Hindu god Krishna, while at the same time intending the lyrics to serve as a call to abandon religious sectarianism through his deliberate blending of the Hebrew word \"hallelujah\" with chants of \"Hare Krishna\" and Vedic prayer.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ Alexander \"Alex\" Masucci is an American music executive, producer, songwriter and promoter.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ Alex Masucci was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ His brother is the late Jerry Masucci, an attorney, music executive and co-founder of Fania Records.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ Masucci attended Universidad de las Américas, A.C. in Mexico City.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ He began working part-time at Fania Records as a teenager and joined the label full-time in 1972.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ He also jointly established A&R Film Distributors in 1972 with Ray Aviles and distributed Fania Records' film, Our Latin Thing.", "Alex Masucci __knowledge__ Masucci went on to become Vice President of Fania Records and remained at the label for 15 years.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan, including the Tokyo Metropolis, as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being .", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ A 2016 United Nations estimate puts the total population at 38,000,000.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It covers an area of approximately 13,500 km (5,200 mi), giving it a population density of 2,642 person/km.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It is the second largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 km (3,300 mi), behind only New York City at 11,642 km (4,495 mi).", "Transport in Greater Tokyo __knowledge__ The transport network in Greater Tokyo includes public and private rail and highway networks; airports for international, domestic, and general aviation; buses; motorcycle delivery services, walking, bicycling, and commercial shipping.", "Transport in Greater Tokyo __knowledge__ While the nexus is in the central part of Tokyo, every part of the Greater Tokyo Area has rail or road transport services.", "Transport in Greater Tokyo __knowledge__ The sea and air transport is available from a limited number of ports for the general public.", "Transport in Greater Tokyo __knowledge__ Public transport within Greater Tokyo is dominated by the world's most extensive urban rail network (as of May 2014, the article Tokyo rail list lists 158 lines, 48 operators, 4,714.5 km of operational track and 2,210 stations [although stations recounted for each operator]) of clean and efficient surface trains and subways run by a variety of operators, with buses, trams, monorails, and other modes supporting the railway lines.", "Tokyo subway __knowledge__ The is a part of the extensive rapid transit system that consists of Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway in the Greater Tokyo area of Japan.", "Tokyo subway __knowledge__ While the subway system itself is largely within the city center, the lines extend far out via extensive through services onto suburban railway lines.", "Tokyo subway __knowledge__ There are two primary subway operators in Tokyo: , the combined subway network of the Tokyo and Toei metros comprises 278 stations and 13 lines covering a total system length of .", "Tokyo subway __knowledge__ The Tokyo Metro and Toei networks together carry a combined average of over eight million passengers daily.", "Tokyo subway __knowledge__ Despite being ranked first in worldwide subway usage, subways make up a small fraction of heavy rail rapid transit in Tokyo alone—only 274 out of 882 railway stations, as of 2007.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ The is a geographical area of Honshu, the largest island of Japan.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ Within its boundaries, slightly more than 45 percent of the land area is the Kantō Plain.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form the land borders.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ In official census count on October 1, 2010 by the Japan Statistics Bureau, the population was 42,607,376 amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.", "Kantō region __knowledge__ The heartland of feudal power during the Kamakura period and again in the Echi period, Kantō became the center of modern development.", "Haneda Airport __knowledge__ , commonly known as or Tokyo Haneda Airport , is one of the two primary airports that serve the Greater Tokyo Area, and is the primary base of Japan's two major domestic airlines, Japan Airlines (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 2), as well as Air Do, Skymark Airlines, Solaseed Air, and StarFlyer.", "Haneda Airport __knowledge__ It is located in Ōta, Tokyo, south of Tokyo Station.", "Haneda Airport __knowledge__ Haneda was the primary international airport serving Tokyo until 1978; from 1978 to 2010, Haneda handled almost all domestic flights to and from Tokyo as well as \"scheduled charter\" flights to a small number of major cities in East Asia, while Narita International Airport handled the vast majority of international flights.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The was an economic bubble in Japan from 1986 to 1991 in which real estate and stock market prices were greatly inflated.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ In early 1992, this price bubble collapsed.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The bubble was characterized by rapid acceleration of asset prices and overheated economic activity, as well as an uncontrolled money supply and credit expansion.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices had been closely associated with excessive monetary easing policy at the time.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ By August 1990, the Nikkei stock index had plummeted to half its peak by the time of the fifth monetary tightening by the Bank of Japan (BOJ)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "History of video games __knowledge__ The history of video games goes as far back as the early 1950s, when academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Video gaming did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s and 1980s, when video arcade games and gaming consoles using joysticks, buttons, and other controllers, along with graphics on computer screens and home computer games were introduced to the general public.", "History of video games __knowledge__ Since the 1980s, video gaming has become a popular form of entertainment and a part of modern popular culture in most parts of the world.", "History of video games __knowledge__ One of the early games was \"Spacewar!", "Arcade game __knowledge__ An arcade game or coin-op is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and amusement arcades.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ Most arcade games are video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games or merchandisers.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ While exact dates are debated, the golden age of arcade video games is usually defined as a period beginning sometime in the late 1970s and ending sometime in the mid-1980s.", "Arcade game __knowledge__ Excluding a brief resurgence in the early 1990s, the arcade industry subsequently declined in the Western hemisphere as competing Home video game console such as the Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox increased in their graphics and game-play capability and decreased in cost.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The golden age of arcade video games was the era of greatest popularity and technological innovation for arcade video games.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ The exact time period is disputed, but key moments include the release of \"Space Invaders\" in 1978 and the introduction of vector display technology in 1979.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Although the exact years differ, all timelines overlap in the early 1980s.", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Technology journalist Jason Whittaker, in \"The Cyberspace Handbook\", places the beginning of the golden age in 1978, with the release of \"Space Invaders\".", "Golden age of arcade video games __knowledge__ Video game journalist Steven L. Kent, in his book \"The Ultimate History of Video Games\", places it at 1979 to 1983.", "Video game __knowledge__ A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor.", "Video game __knowledge__ The word \"video\" in \"video game\" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images.", "Video game __knowledge__ Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.", "Video game __knowledge__ The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms; examples of these are personal computers and video game consoles.", "Video game __knowledge__ These platforms range from large mainframe computers to small handheld computing devices.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ An amusement arcade (often referred to as \"video arcade\" or simply \"arcade\") is a venue where people play arcade games such as video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, merchandisers (such as claw cranes), or coin-operated billiards or air hockey tables.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ In some countries, some types of arcades are also legally permitted to provide gambling machines such as slot machines or \"pachinko\" machines.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ Games are usually housed in cabinets.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ The term used for ancestors of these venues in the beginning of 20th century was penny arcades.", "Amusement arcade __knowledge__ Video games were introduced in amusement arcades in the late 1970s and were most popular during the golden age of arcade video games, the early 1980s.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "Video game music __knowledge__ Video game music is the soundtrack that accompanies video games.", "Video game music __knowledge__ Early video game music was once limited to simple melodies of early sound synthesizer technology.", "Video game music __knowledge__ These limitations inspired the style of music known as chiptunes, which combines simple melodic styles with more complex patterns or traditional music styles, and became the most popular sound of the first video games.", "Video game music __knowledge__ With advances in technology, video game music has now grown to include the same breadth and complexity associated with television and film scores, allowing for much more creative freedom.", "Video game music __knowledge__ While simple synthesizer pieces are still common, game music now includes full orchestral pieces and popular music.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area or commuter belt, is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions.", "Metropolitan area __knowledge__ Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan, including the Tokyo Metropolis, as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being .", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ A 2016 United Nations estimate puts the total population at 38,000,000.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It covers an area of approximately 13,500 km (5,200 mi), giving it a population density of 2,642 person/km.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It is the second largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 km (3,300 mi), behind only New York City at 11,642 km (4,495 mi).", "Metropolis __knowledge__ A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.", "Metropolis __knowledge__ The term is Ancient Greek () and means the \"mother city\" of a colony (in the ancient sense), that is, the city which sent out settlers.", "Metropolis __knowledge__ This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation.", "Metropolis __knowledge__ A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (, ; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital and most populous city of Mexico and North America.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ It is located in the Valley of Mexico (\"Valle de México\"), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The city consists of sixteen boroughs.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Greater Mexico City population is 21.3 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere, the tenth-largest agglomeration, and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The demographics of Filipino Americans describe a heterogeneous group of people in the United States who can trace their ancestry to the Philippines.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census, there were 3.4 million Filipino Americans, including Multiracial Americans who were part Filipino, with the United States Department of State in 2011 estimating the population at 4 million.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ Filipino Americans constitute the second-largest population of Asian Americans, and the largest population of Overseas Filipinos.", "Demographics of Filipino Americans __knowledge__ The first recorded presence of Filipinos in what is now the United States dates to October 1587, with the first permanent settlement of Filipinos in what is now the United States being established in Louisiana in 1763." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo (, ), officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital city of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .", "Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo is often referred to as a city, but is officially known and governed as a \"metropolitan prefecture\", which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture, a characteristic unique to Tokyo.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo (each governed as an individual city), which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943.", "Tokyo __knowledge__ The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is, or ever has been life on Mars.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Mars probably had oceans in the past, and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Modern Mars has become cold, dry, and almost uninhabitable, yet, if life did ever arise on Mars, some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ The only missions to search for life on Mars, the two Viking missions, returned results that were inconclusive .", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars, which may have confused the results of the experiments.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ During the long history of the British science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\", a number of stories were proposed but, for a variety of reasons, never fully produced.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Below is a list of unmade serials which were submitted by recognised professional writers and the BBC had intended to produce, but for one reason or another were not made.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Many have since been the subject of a feature in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", or other professional periodicals or books devoted to the television show.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ Such serials exist during the tenure of each of the previous eleven incarnations of the Doctor.", "List of unmade Doctor Who serials and films __knowledge__ The reasons for the serials being incomplete include strike action (which caused the partially filmed \"Shada\" to be abandoned), actors leaving roles (\"The Final Game\", which was cancelled after Roger Delgado's death), and the series being put on hiatus twice—once in 1985, and again in 1989—causing the serials planned for the following series to be shelved.", "Idea of progress __knowledge__ In intellectual history, the Idea of Progress is the idea that advances in technology, science, and social organization can produce an improvement in the human condition.", "Idea of progress __knowledge__ That is, people can become better in terms of quality of life (social progress) through economic development (modernization), and the application of science and technology (scientific progress).", "Idea of progress __knowledge__ The assumption is that the process will happen once people apply their reason and skills, for it is not divinely foreordained.", "Idea of progress __knowledge__ The role of the expert is to identify hindrances that slow or neutralize progress.", "Idea of progress __knowledge__ The Idea of Progress emerged primarily in the Enlightenment in the 18th century.", "Alfred Russel Wallace __knowledge__ Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist.", "Alfred Russel Wallace __knowledge__ He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858.", "Alfred Russel Wallace __knowledge__ This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in \"On the Origin of Species.\"", "Alfred Russel Wallace __knowledge__ Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ Chemistry: A Volatile History is a 2010 BBC documentary on the history of chemistry presented by Jim Al-Khalili.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ It was nominated for the 2010 British Academy Television Awards in the category Specialist Factual.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ Only in the last 200 years have we known what an element is – a substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical reaction.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ The Ancient Greeks, with no way of breaking open substances, could only base their ideas of the elements on what they could see: Earth, Fire, Water and Air.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ In the 16th century alchemists were busy trying to turn base metals like lead, into gold.", "Chemistry: A Volatile History __knowledge__ It was the Swiss alchemist and surgeon Paracelsus who first challenged the Ancient Greek idea of four elements.", "History of evolutionary thought __knowledge__ Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity - in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.", "History of evolutionary thought __knowledge__ With the beginnings of modern biological taxonomy in the late 17th century, two opposed ideas influenced Western biological thinking: essentialism, the belief that every species has essential characteristics that are unalterable, a concept which had developed from medieval Aristotelian metaphysics, and that fit well with natural theology; and the development of the new anti-Aristotelian approach to modern science: as the Enlightenment progressed, evolutionary cosmology and the mechanical philosophy spread from the physical sciences to natural history.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The was an economic bubble in Japan from 1986 to 1991 in which real estate and stock market prices were greatly inflated.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ In early 1992, this price bubble collapsed.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ The bubble was characterized by rapid acceleration of asset prices and overheated economic activity, as well as an uncontrolled money supply and credit expansion.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices had been closely associated with excessive monetary easing policy at the time.", "Japanese asset price bubble __knowledge__ By August 1990, the Nikkei stock index had plummeted to half its peak by the time of the fifth monetary tightening by the Bank of Japan (BOJ).", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ The history of Tokyo shows the growth of Japan's largest urban center.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ The eastern part of Tokyo occupies land in the Kantō region that together with the modern-day Saitama Prefecture, the city of Kawasaki and the eastern part of Yokohama make up Musashi; one of the provinces under the \"ritsuryō\" system.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ The 23 special wards, consisting of the districts of Toshima, Ebara, Adachi and Katsushika, form the central part of Tokyo.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ Western Tokyo occupies the Tama district.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ Tokyo's oldest Buddhist temple is Sensō-ji in Asakusa.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ The village of Edo was established In the Kamakura period.", "History of Tokyo __knowledge__ The Kanto plain was settled by the 3rd millennium BC; modern Tokyo still carries some local names of former villages.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Ciara is the fifth studio album by American singer Ciara, which was released on July 9, 2013.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ This album is the artist's first release under Epic Records, since publicly asking the now-defunct Jive Records to release her from her contractual obligations.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ The singer cited a lack of label support and financial funding for her previous albums \"Fantasy Ride\" (2009) and \"Basic Instinct\" (2010).", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ On this fifth studio album, Ciara is reunited with her long-term mentor and friend L.A. Reid, chairman of Epic Records.", "Ciara (album) __knowledge__ Reid is credited with discovering Ciara in 2003 along with signing her to his LaFace Records label and executive-producing her debut studio album, \"Goodies\" (2004).", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Metamorphosis is the second studio album by American singer Hilary Duff.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ The album was released on August 26, 2003 by Hollywood Records as a follow up to her holiday album, \"Santa Claus Lane\" (2002).", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ According to Duff, the album incorporates elements of pop and rock music, and it represents changes that are specific to her life and that everyone experiences.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Duff worked with several producers on the album such as The Matrix who worked with Latin Pop Singer, Myra, also signed to Hollywood Records prior.", "Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album) __knowledge__ Others who collaborated on the album include Chico Bennett, Matthew Gerrard, John Shanks, and his frequent writing partner Kara DioGuardi.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan, including the Tokyo Metropolis, as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being .", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ A 2016 United Nations estimate puts the total population at 38,000,000.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It covers an area of approximately 13,500 km (5,200 mi), giving it a population density of 2,642 person/km.", "Greater Tokyo Area __knowledge__ It is the second largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 km (3,300 mi), behind only New York City at 11,642 km (4,495 mi)." ] ]	[ 2, 51, 7, 8 ]	[ "No I have never been. I would love to visit the greater Tokyo area as it is the most populous area in the world. Sounds like fun!", "What exactly are the Arcades? I know that Tokyo is the largest metropolitan area in the world in urban function, secondly only to New York City.", "That sounds really cool! Tokyo metropolis was formed in 1943 was formed as a merger. I bet you are excited to visit!", "Yes, the metropolis was formed then. It is often referred to a metropolitan perfecture which is different from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture." ]	[ "Tokyo", "Tokyo", "Tokyo", "Tokyo" ]
[ "Kobe beef\nHi! What do you know about Kobe beef?", "Personally, I am a vegetarian, but my husband is not.", "That is quite interesting. Do you know anything about preparing it?", "That's very interesting. I did not know that cattle had to be brought to Japan. ", "I do enjoy rice and noodles. What about you?" ]	[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Giraudi Group is based in the Principality of Monaco and is made up of various companies in the sectors of meat trading and import/export, restaurants and lifestyle.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Initially, the primary business of Giraudi was dealing with import/export within the meat industry.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Founded by Erminio Giraudi in the 1960s, the group established itself in Monaco in the middle of the 1970s.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The company has developed and diversified into other domains, notably restaurants concepts and various lifestyle products.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Gradually, Giraudi became one of the European leaders in trading and import/export of meat.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The Monegasque group is the primary exporter of French beef, and Dutch veal whilst also being the European leader in the import of hormone-free US Black Angus, Australian and Canadian Black Angus beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ There are four breeds of wagyu: , , , and .", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Wagyu cattle's genetic predisposition yields a beef that contains a higher percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids than typical beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ The increased marbling also increases the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Black makes up 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Strains of Japanese Black include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Brown, also known as Japanese Red, is the other main breed; strains include Kochi and Kumamoto.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi (born November 14, 1975 in Genova) is the CEO of Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi is Erminio Giraudi and Francien Giraudi’s son.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ He grew up in the Principality of Monaco before studying at the European Business School of London where he obtained a Bachelor in Business Administration in 1999.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ In 2001, Riccardo Giraudi joined the family-owned company created by his father Erminio Giraudi in the 1970’s : Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ The group is one of the European leader in meat import / export (40% veal, 30% beef, 10% pork).", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Supervised by Riccardo Giraudi, the company turned to new businesses such as hospitality & exclusive meats.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The or the lies in the southern-central region of Japan's main island Honshū.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The region includes the prefectures of Mie, Nara, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyōgo and Shiga, sometimes Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ While the use of the terms \"Kansai\" and \"Kinki\" have changed over history, in most modern contexts the use of the two terms is interchangeable.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The urban region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region) is the second most populated in Japan after the Greater Tokyo Area.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The Kansai region is the cultural and historical heart of Japan with 11% of its land area and 22,757,897 residents as of 2010." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ This is a list of vegetarian and vegan festivals, held in numerous locations around the globe to promote veganism and/or vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practice, promote or endorse veganism or vegetarianism.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Many of them are also food festivals and/or music festivals and can also contain edutainment.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Vegfest 2015 was organized by the Vegetarian Association of Ghana.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Hong Kong Vegfest started in 2013 organized by the Hong Kong Vegan Association.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ The festival organisers stipulate only vegan products be offered at the event by vendors.", "List of vegetarian festivals __knowledge__ Admission is free to attendees.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "The Vegetarian __knowledge__ The Vegetarian () is a South Korean three-part drama novella written by Han Kang and first published in 2007.", "The Vegetarian __knowledge__ Based on Kang's 1997 short story \"The Fruit of My Woman\", \"The Vegetarian\" is set in modern-day Seoul and tells the story of Yeong-hye, a home-maker, whose decision to stop eating meat after a bloody, nightmarish dream about human cruelty leads to devastating consequences in her personal and familial life.", "The Vegetarian __knowledge__ Published on 30 October 2007 in South Korea by Changbi Publishers, \"The Vegetarian\" was received as \"very extreme and bizarre\" by the Korean audience.", "The Vegetarian __knowledge__ \"Mongolian Mark\", the second and central part of the novella was awarded the prestigious Yi Sang Literary Prize.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "Wagyu __knowledge__ In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ There are four breeds of wagyu: , , , and .", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Wagyu cattle's genetic predisposition yields a beef that contains a higher percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids than typical beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ The increased marbling also increases the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Black makes up 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Strains of Japanese Black include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Brown, also known as Japanese Red, is the other main breed; strains include Kochi and Kumamoto.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Giraudi Group is based in the Principality of Monaco and is made up of various companies in the sectors of meat trading and import/export, restaurants and lifestyle.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Initially, the primary business of Giraudi was dealing with import/export within the meat industry.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Founded by Erminio Giraudi in the 1960s, the group established itself in Monaco in the middle of the 1970s.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The company has developed and diversified into other domains, notably restaurants concepts and various lifestyle products.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Gradually, Giraudi became one of the European leaders in trading and import/export of meat.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The Monegasque group is the primary exporter of French beef, and Dutch veal whilst also being the European leader in the import of hormone-free US Black Angus, Australian and Canadian Black Angus beef.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi (born November 14, 1975 in Genova) is the CEO of Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi is Erminio Giraudi and Francien Giraudi’s son.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ He grew up in the Principality of Monaco before studying at the European Business School of London where he obtained a Bachelor in Business Administration in 1999.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ In 2001, Riccardo Giraudi joined the family-owned company created by his father Erminio Giraudi in the 1970’s : Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ The group is one of the European leader in meat import / export (40% veal, 30% beef, 10% pork).", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Supervised by Riccardo Giraudi, the company turned to new businesses such as hospitality & exclusive meats.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The or the lies in the southern-central region of Japan's main island Honshū.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The region includes the prefectures of Mie, Nara, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyōgo and Shiga, sometimes Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ While the use of the terms \"Kansai\" and \"Kinki\" have changed over history, in most modern contexts the use of the two terms is interchangeable.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The urban region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region) is the second most populated in Japan after the Greater Tokyo Area.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The Kansai region is the cultural and historical heart of Japan with 11% of its land area and 22,757,897 residents as of 2010." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Quite Interesting Limited __knowledge__ Quite Interesting Limited is a British research company, most notable for providing the research for the British television panel game \"QI\" (itself an abbreviation of \"Quite Interesting\") and the Swedish version \"Intresseklubben\", as well as other \"QI\"–related programmes and products.", "Quite Interesting Limited __knowledge__ The company founder and chairman is John Lloyd, the creator and producer of \"QI\", and host of the radio panel game \"The Museum of Curiosity\", which also uses Quite Interesting Limited for its research.", "Quite Interesting Limited __knowledge__ John Mitchinson is the company's director and also works as head of research for \"QI\".", "Quite Interesting Limited __knowledge__ Lloyd founded Quite Interesting Limited in 1999.", "QI __knowledge__ QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies.", "QI __knowledge__ Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent \"QI\" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016.", "QI __knowledge__ The format of the show focuses on Davies and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given.", "QI __knowledge__ To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for \"answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious\" – typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" is a song by the American rock band Mad Season, released in 1995 as the second single from the band's sole studio album, \"Above\" (1995).", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The song reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The verse bar for \"I Don't Know Anything\" features a droning, overdriven guitar melody centered on the use of harmonics.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" peaked at number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Although the single was released to radio across North America and the world, it was only commercially available in Austria.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" was first performed live at the band's October 12, 1994 concert in Seattle, Washington at the Crocodile Cafe.", "No Country for Old Men (film) __knowledge__ No Country for Old Men is a 2007 American neo-western neo-noir thriller film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, based on Cormac McCarthy's novel \"No Country for Old Men\".", "No Country for Old Men (film) __knowledge__ A cat-and-mouse thriller starring Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, and Josh Brolin, it follows a Texas welder and Vietnam veteran in the desert landscape of 1980 West Texas.", "No Country for Old Men (film) __knowledge__ The film revisits the themes of fate, conscience, and circumstance that the Coen brothers had explored in the films \"Blood Simple\" (1984) and \"Fargo\" (1996).", "No Country for Old Men (film) __knowledge__ \"No Country for Old Men\" premiered in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 19.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "Keihanshin __knowledge__ The GDP in Osaka-Kobe is $681 billion as measured by PPP , making it one of the world's most-productive regions, a match with Paris and London.", "Keihanshin __knowledge__ MasterCard Worldwide reported that Osaka is the 19th ranking city of the world's leading global cities and has an instrumental role in driving the global economy.", "Keihanshin __knowledge__ If Keihanshin were a country, it would be the 16th-largest economy in the world, with a GDP of nearly $953.9 billion in 2012.", "Keihanshin __knowledge__ The name \"Keihanshin\" is constructed by extracting a representative kanji from \"Kyoto\" (京都), \"Osaka\" (大阪), and \"Kobe\" (神戸), but using the Chinese reading instead of the corresponding native reading for each of the characters taken from \"Osaka\" and \"Kobe\", and the \"Kan-on\" Chinese reading of the character for Kyoto instead of the usual \"Go-on\" Chinese reading.", "Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan __knowledge__ A , also known as a or , is a Japanese city that has a population greater than 500,000 and has been designated as such by order of the Cabinet of Japan under Article 252, Section 19 of the Local Autonomy Law.", "Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan __knowledge__ Designated cities are delegated many of the functions normally performed by prefectural governments in fields such as public education, social welfare, sanitation, business licensing and urban planning.", "Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan __knowledge__ The city government is generally delegated the various minor administrative functions in each area, and the prefectural government retains authority over major decisions.", "Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan __knowledge__ For instance, pharmaceutical retailers and small clinics can be licensed by designated city governments, but pharmacies and hospitals are licensed by prefectural governments.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ The area's location with a natural harbour near the Akashi Strait which links Osaka Bay and the Seto inland sea has been an important location throughout the history of Japan.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ The capital of Japan was located in the area for a short period in the 12th century.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ Today the area is an important manufacturing zone.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ The modern ward of Hyogo was formed as when the City of Kobe adopted the system of wards in 1931.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ Its name was changed to Hyogo in 1933 and its current boundaries were settled in 1971.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ The floral emblem of the ward is the pansy.", "Hyōgo-ku, Kobe __knowledge__ The literal meaning of the two kanji that make up the name Hyogo is \"weapons warehouse\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ The Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak in 2010 occurred in Miyazaki Prefecture, affecting cattle, swine, sheep and goats.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ A similar outbreak had occurred ten years earlier, in 2000.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ Located on the eastern coast of Japan's Kyūshū island, Miyazaki Prefecture plays a significant role in supplying top-quality Wagyū cattle for the production of Wagyū beef throughout Japan including Matsuzaka and Ōmi.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ The first FMD case in Miyazaki in 93 years was identified on March 25, 2000.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ The following day, the infected cattle were slaughtered.", "Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak __knowledge__ The Miyazaki FMD Control Department announced on March 29 that the virus had been identified as serotype O.", "Cattle __knowledge__ Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.", "Cattle __knowledge__ They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus \"Bos\", and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos taurus.", "Cattle __knowledge__ Cattle are commonly raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals (oxen or bullocks that pull carts, plows and other implements).", "Cattle __knowledge__ Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel.", "Cattle __knowledge__ In some regions, such as parts of India, cattle have significant religious meaning.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the \"vaquero\" traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends the horses used to work cattle.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world have established the ability to work at virtually identical tasks and obtained considerable respect for their achievements.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Cattle towns __knowledge__ Cattle towns, also known as “cow towns,” were midwestern frontier settlements that catered to the cattle industry.", "Cattle towns __knowledge__ The economies of these communities were heavily dependent on the seasonal cattle drives from Texas, which brought the cowboys and the cattle that these towns relied upon.", "Cattle towns __knowledge__ Cattle towns were found at the junctions of railroads and livestock trails.", "Cattle towns __knowledge__ These towns were the destination of the cattle drives, the place where the cattle would be bought and shipped off to urban meatpackers, midwestern cattle feeders, or to ranchers on the central or northern plains.", "Cattle towns __knowledge__ Cattle towns were made famous by popular accounts of rowdy cowboys and outlaws who were kept under control by local lawmen, but those depictions were mostly exaggeration and myth.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ The economy of East Asia is home to one of the most economically dynamic places in the world.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ It is home of some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ In spite of decades of setbacks and turmoil, East Asia is now one of the most prosperous and technologically advanced regions in the world.", "Economy of East Asia __knowledge__ Driven by rapid modernization and specialization in advanced cutting edge high technology has allowed the East Asia to register high economic growth with the region being home to among some the most affluent nations with highest standards of living across the world.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers ." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles the flavoring is often loose in the cup.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Some instant noodle products are seal packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Dried noodle blocks are cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ The main ingredients used in dried noodles are usually wheat flour, palm oil, and salt.", "Instant noodle __knowledge__ Common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Chinese noodles __knowledge__ Noodles are an essential ingredient and staple in Chinese cuisine.", "Chinese noodles __knowledge__ Chinese noodles vary widely according to the region of production, ingredients, shape or width, and manner of preparation.", "Chinese noodles __knowledge__ They are an important part of most regional cuisines within China, as well as in Singapore, and other Southeast Asian nations with sizable overseas Chinese populations.", "Chinese noodles __knowledge__ Chinese-style noodles have also entered the cuisines of neighboring East Asian countries such as Korea (\"jajangmyeon\") and Japan (\"ramen\"), as well as Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam (hủ tiếu and mì xào are both examples of Vietnamese dishes that are of Chinese origin), the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Cellophane noodles __knowledge__ Cellophane noodles (; also known as Chinese vermicelli, bean threads, bean thread noodles, crystal noodles, potato noodles, or glass noodles) are a type of transparent noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, yam, potato starch, cassava, canna or batata starch) and water.", "Cellophane noodles __knowledge__ They are generally sold in dried form, soaked to reconstitute, then used in soups, stir fried dishes, or spring rolls.", "Cellophane noodles __knowledge__ They are called \"cellophane noodles\" or \"glass noodles\" because of their appearance when cooked, resembling cellophane, a clear material of a translucent light gray or brownish-gray color.", "Cellophane noodles __knowledge__ Cellophane noodles are generally round, and are available in various thicknesses.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ A Bite of China () is a Chinese documentary television series on the history of food, eating, and cooking in China directed by Chen Xiaoqing (), narrated by Li Lihong () with original music composed by Roc Chen ().", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ It first aired May 14, 2012 on China Central Television and quickly gained high ratings and widespread popularity.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ The seven-episode documentary series, which began filming in March 2011, introduces the history and story behind foods of various kinds in more than 60 locations in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.", "A Bite of China __knowledge__ The documentary has also been actively encouraged as a means of introducing Chinese food culture to those unfamiliar with local cuisine.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ Noodles are a staple part of Japanese cuisine.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ They are often served chilled with dipping sauces, or in soups or hot dishes.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ Ramen are thin, wheat-based noodles made from wheat flour, salt, water, and \"kansui\", a form of alkaline water.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ The dough is risen before being rolled.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ They were imported from China during the Meiji Period.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ \"Ramen\" noodles have a firm texture and are usually pale yellow in color.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ The noodles may vary in shape, width, and length.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ They are served in a broth.", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ Examples of \"ramen\" dishes are \"Shoyu ramen\", \"Shio ramen\", \"Miso ramen\", \"Tonkotsu ramen\", and \"Curry ramen\".", "Japanese noodles __knowledge__ Shirataki are clear noodles made from \"konnyaku\".", "Soba __knowledge__ In Japan, soba noodles are served in a variety of settings throughout Japan, but are also served by expensive specialty restaurants.", "Soba __knowledge__ Markets sell dried noodles and \"men-tsuyu\", or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy.", "Soba __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of dishes, both hot for winter and cold for summer, using these noodles.", "Soba __knowledge__ Soba is a good nutritional addition to a diet reliant on white rice and wheat flour.", "Soba __knowledge__ Thiamine, missing from white rice, is present in soba; eating thiamine (vitamin B1) can help prevent the disease beriberi.", "Soba __knowledge__ Soba contains all eight essential amino acids, including lysine, which is lacking in wheat flour.", "Udon __knowledge__ Udon is often served hot as a noodle soup in its simplest form, as \"kake udon\", in a mildly flavoured broth called \"kakejiru,\" which is made of dashi, soy sauce, and mirin.", "Udon __knowledge__ It is usually topped with thinly chopped scallions.", "Udon __knowledge__ Other common toppings include tempura, often prawn or \"kakiage\" (a type of mixed tempura fritter), or \"aburaage\", a type of deep-fried tofu pockets seasoned with sugar, mirin, and soy sauce.", "Udon __knowledge__ A thin slice of kamaboko, a halfmoon-shaped fish cake, is often added.", "Udon __knowledge__ Shichimi can be added to taste.", "Udon __knowledge__ The flavor of broth and topping vary from region to region.", "Udon __knowledge__ Usually, dark brown broth, made from dark soy sauce (\"koikuchi shōyu\"), is used in eastern Japan, and light brown broth, made from light soy sauce (\"usukuchi shōyu\"), is used in western Japan.", "Ramen __knowledge__ The origin of ramen is unclear.", "Ramen __knowledge__ Some sources say it is of Chinese origin.", "Ramen __knowledge__ Other sources say it was invented in Japan in the early 20th century.", "Ramen __knowledge__ The word \"ramen\" is a Japanese borrowing of the Chinese \"lamian\" (拉麵).", "Ramen __knowledge__ Until the 1950s, ramen was called \"shina soba\" (支那そば, literally \"Chinese soba\") but today \"chūka soba\" (中華そば, also meaning \"Chinese soba\") or just \"ramen\" (ラーメン) are more common, as the word \"支那\" (\"shina\", meaning \"China\") has acquired a pejorative connotation.", "Ramen __knowledge__ By 1900, restaurants serving Chinese cuisine from Canton and Shanghai offered a simple ramen dish of noodles (cut rather than hand-pulled), a few toppings, and a broth flavored with salt and pork bones.", "Okinawa soba __knowledge__ The noodles tend to have a circular cross section in the Yaeyama Islands, and tend to be slightly flat in the rest of Okinawa Prefecture.", "Okinawa soba __knowledge__ It is served in a broth flavored with konbu (edible seaweed), katsuobushi flakes and pork.", "Okinawa soba __knowledge__ Standard toppings are kamaboko (fish cake), sliced scallion and a thick slice of stewed or soki (boneless pork ribs), and usually garnished with \"beni shōga\" (pickled ginger).", "Okinawa soba __knowledge__ For extra spice, diners can add a few drops of \"kōrēgūsu\", which consists of chile peppers soaked in awamori rice liquor.", "Okinawa soba __knowledge__ Varieties include: Today the word \"soba\" means buckwheat, in particular buckwheat noodles, in Japanese." ] ]	[ 1, 47, 2, 63, 74 ]	[ "I know that Japanese call that \"Or\". Do you like Kobe beef?", " Kobe is one of Japan's 17 designated cities. I guess that is how that beef got the name.", "I do not, but my boyfriend do, he love to cook Japanese and chinesse food, Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice", "Do you like Japanese cuisine? something like noodles, soba and udon?", "Me too, I love Ramen, the origin is not clear, someone says Ramen is from Chine, some says is from Japan" ]	[ "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef" ]

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