Datasets:

chentong00

/

factoid-wiki-passage

like 0

enwiki-00000028-0006-0000

"Babbacombe" Lee, Track listing The later release of the album abandoned the original five-part division and lists the songs as separate tracks complete with songwriting credits, as follows:

enwiki-00000028-0007-0000

"Babbacombe" Lee, Track listing Two additional bonus tracks appear on some post-2004 CD releases:

enwiki-00000028-0008-0000

"Babbacombe" Lee, Track listing These tracks were recorded in late 1974 for the BBC 2 documentary about John Lee narrated by Melvyn Bragg. The programme was broadcast in the BBC 2 2nd House series as "The Man They Couldn't Hang – John Lee" on 1 February 1975. Personnel: Dave Swarbrick, Dave Pegg, Dave Mattacks, Jerry Donahue, Simon Nicol (although he was not in the band at this time, Nicol made a brief return for this one-off project), with, for one song, the newly returned Sandy Denny.

enwiki-00000028-0009-0000

"Babbacombe" Lee, Track listing, 2011 "Babbacombe" Lee Live Again In 2011, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the original album, Fairport performed "Babbacombe" Lee in its entirety on both their Winter Tour and at the Cropredy Festival in August. The performance was released as a CD & digital download in 2012. Personnel: Simon Nicol, Dave Pegg, Ric Sanders, Chris Leslie, Gerry Conway.

enwiki-00000029-0000-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder The "Baby Lollipops" murder was the murder of three-year-old Lazaro Figueroa by his mother Ana Maria Cardona, in Florida. The body of Lazaro was found abandoned, and identified through house-to-house inquiries. The case was widely covered in US media, who called the initially unidentified boy "Baby Lollipops", after the design on the T-shirt he was wearing when found.

enwiki-00000029-0001-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder Cardona was arrested for the murder and sentenced to death; her girlfriend, Olivia Gonzalez, was sentenced to forty years. On a second appeal Cardona was sentenced to life in prison. Gonzalez was released after 14 years.

enwiki-00000029-0002-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Background Lazaro Figueroa was born on September 18, 1987 to Ana Maria Cardona and Fidel Figueroa. Cardona also had two older children. Fidel Figueroa was a well-known drug dealer and died under mysterious circumstances on September 20, 1987. This crime remains unsolved.

enwiki-00000029-0003-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Background In November 1990, Lazaro Figueroa's body was discovered in front of a beach property in Miami Beach. He had been severely battered, which made it initially very difficult for authorities to identify him. Because Lazaro's remains were unidentified for weeks after his discovery, local news outlets nicknamed him "Baby Lollipops" in reference to the shirt he was found wearing. The cause of death was later determined to be a blow to the head from a baseball bat. Trial evidence showed that shortly after leaving Lazaro's body in the bushes, the couple fled to Central Florida, even making a stop at Disney World.

enwiki-00000029-0004-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Background Despite claims by neighbors and other individuals that Cardona was abusive towards Lazaro, she consistently denied it. Her main defense was that it was Olivia Gonzalez, her lover, who had beaten Lazaro and delivered the fatal blow with a baseball bat. Cardona attested that she wanted to escape the pain of her son's horrible beatings at her girlfriend's hands and so sank into cocaine use to cope.

enwiki-00000029-0004-0001

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Background To support claims on the influence of her past in the case, her defense presented the court with evidence pertaining to her unsettled Cuban upbringing and the psychological devastation caused by the death of Lazaro's father. According to prosecutor Reid Rubin, however, Cardona was "angry and spiteful" from the death of her wealthy husband as she had lost a luxurious lifestyle.

enwiki-00000029-0005-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Background Gonzalez, however, was able to state her case against Cardona in exchange for a lighter 40-year sentence on the count of second-degree murder. She served 14 years. While admitting she played a role in her girlfriend's abuse of Lazaro, she was able to lay the majority of the blame on Cardona for Lazaro's eventual death.

enwiki-00000029-0006-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Discovery Employees for the Florida Power & Light Company discovered Lazaro Figueroa's dead body on the morning of November 2, 1990 at Miami Beach, hidden beneath some bushes. The boy was so emaciated that he appeared skeletal, with a bruised right eye. He wore blue gym shorts over a soiled diaper wrapped multiple times with brown packaging tape. At the time of his murder, Lazaro's weight was 18 pounds (8.16 kg), half the weight of a healthy child his age. The t-shirt he was wearing caused the Miami Beach Police Department to name him “Baby Lollipops,” and he remained unidentified for weeks after his discovery.

enwiki-00000029-0007-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Discovery The Miami Beach Police Department hosted a media conference with multiple detectives handling the murder case. They also conducted door-to-door interviews in both English and Spanish to obtain more information about the boy. They received numerous leads and were eventually able to identify the boy as Lazaro Figueroa, son of Ana Maria Cardona and the late Fidel Figueroa .

enwiki-00000029-0008-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Physical injuries and autopsy The autopsy revealed that Lazaro had a fresh tear to his corpus callosum as the result of a head injury that occurred hours to days before he died. The police concluded that he died from a fractured skull, later known to be the result of a baseball bat blow. He was also starved and beaten, with a cigarette burn on his left cheek, broken teeth, broken bones, and bedsores from being bound to a mattress for extended periods. His diaper was caked with excrement and attached to his body with brown packing tape, and his arm was permanently fixed at 90 degrees.

enwiki-00000029-0009-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Physical injuries and autopsy Weighing only 18 pounds at the time of his death, Lazaro was malnourished, anaemic, and dehydrated. The majority of his body bore bruises and scars, which were the result of longstanding injuries from the months preceding his death.

enwiki-00000029-0010-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Physical injuries and autopsy Evidence presented at the trials demonstrated that Lazaro experienced 18 months of torture while he was alive․ Medical data demonstrated repeated occurrences of severe abuse resulting in an arm fracture and skull fractures with underlying subdural and subarachnoid hematomas. His two upper front teeth also appeared to be knocked out.

enwiki-00000029-0011-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Physical injuries and autopsy Medical examiner Dr. Bruce Hyma testified that Lazaro's physical injuries were inflicted upon him over a long period, and that he had been subject to gagging and repeated starvation.

enwiki-00000029-0012-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, First trial Cardona argued at her first trial in 1992 that her girlfriend at the time, Olivia Gonzalez, was the one who tortured Lazaro, finally causing his death. Acquaintances of Ana Maria Cardona testified against her by recounting how she had consistently treated Lazaro poorly. Gonzalez, who pleaded guilty, was sentenced to 40 years and served 14 years.

enwiki-00000029-0013-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, First trial Gonzalez testified that on the "last day of October" (the last day before Lazaro's death), Cardona "got pissed off and she hit [Lazaro] with a bat over the head" because he was slow in taking off his diaper. She stated that Cardona hit Lazaro until "a hole was opened up in his head". "His head was cracked." Gonzalez explained that the wound "started bleeding and bleeding and bleeding, and then I put mercury on it and I applied a plastic band."

enwiki-00000029-0014-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, First trial Throughout the trial, Cardona labelled Gonzalez as a "murderer" and as a "monster" who forced her to succumb to a sexual relationship with her in exchange for food and shelter for herself and her children. Defense attorney Steven Yermish remarked, "She was in an abusive relationship she viewed as inescapable because she was being provided for."

enwiki-00000029-0015-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, First trial Judge David L. Tobin described Lazaro's long-standing abuse as the most "heinous, atrocious and cruel of all times." Cardona was found guilty of first-degree murder as well as aggravated child abuse. She received a sentence of death based on the condition of her son's body, becoming the first woman to be sent to death row in Florida.

enwiki-00000029-0016-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Second trial In 2002, Cardona's initial sentence was overturned due to a Brady violation by the prosecution team, who had failed to allow defense attorneys access to interviews with Gonzalez, and the Florida Supreme Court granted her a second trial. At the second trial in 2010, prosecutors focused their attention on Lazaro's physical condition and the abuse he had suffered at the hands of his mother.

enwiki-00000029-0017-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Second trial In the second trial, a mentally-handicapped 14-year-old girl, Gloria Pi from Miami Beach, provided a detailed confession of throwing Lazaro against a wall. As a result, Cardona's legal defense team attempted to shift the blame of Lazaro's murder from Cardona to the girl. During the trial, Pi retracted her confession and maintained that she was innocent, emphasizing that she had never cared for or met Lazaro when the defense posited that in the days leading up to his death, Pi was looking after him. The jury requested that the confession be reread during their deliberation for the verdict. However, the jurors discounted Pi's testimony because there was not enough evidence to suggest that Lazaro ever stayed at Pi's residence. State prosecutor Kathleen Pautler described the confession as a "diversionary tactic" used by Cardona's defense team.

enwiki-00000029-0018-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Second trial Miami-Dade jurors again found Cardona guilty of the two counts, and in 2011, she was sentenced to death a second time. In contrast to her outrage at the verdict in the 1992 trial, Cardona appeared collected when her sentence was handed down. State Attorney Katherine Fernandez Rundle stated, "Almost 20 years later, a second jury heard the evidence and has come to the same conclusion... The truth still remains the truth." While reading her sentence, the judge, Reemberto Diaz stated, "Ana Maria Cardona, you have forfeited your right to live... Lazaro was tortured to death."

enwiki-00000029-0019-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial Cardona spent 17 years on death row before her verdict was overturned by a higher court because the prosecution had used arguments that "improperly inflamed the minds and passions of the jurors".

enwiki-00000029-0020-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial The prosecution in the third trial did not seek the death penalty.

enwiki-00000029-0021-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial In her third trial in 2017, a neighbor testified, "She closed the door...it didn't appear that any lights were on but the shower was going and he was screaming." She stated that Lazaro was "very small, very thin, very frail." However, Cardona insisted under oath that she did not inflict significant abuse on her son or break any of his bones. She also continued to recant her 1990 statement that Lazaro fell off the bed and hit his head, causing the tear in his corpus callosum. Instead, she placed the blame on her ex-girlfriend Olivia Gonzalez, insisting that she struck Lazaro with a baseball bat. The defense said they would introduce evidence Gonzalez had confessed to hitting the boy with the baseball bat and killing him.

enwiki-00000029-0022-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial Cardona's lawyer, Stephen Yermish, attempted to persuade the jury that while she was indeed a bad mother, she was not necessarily a murderer. He conceded that "the charge of aggravated child abuse may have been proven", but that the "charge of murder has not".

enwiki-00000029-0023-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial The jury found Cardona guilty of the death of Lazaro Figueroa in 1990, and the court convicted her of first-degree murder and aggravated child abuse for a third time. However, this time she was sentenced to life in prison instead of a death sentence. Presiding Judge Miguel de la O remarked, “there are wild beasts that show more empathy for their offspring than you showed Lazaro.”

enwiki-00000029-0024-0000

"Baby Lollipops" murder, Trials, Third trial Cardona's elder son, a 37-year-old named Juan Puente, died while also in prison. Puente, was serving a 10-year sentence for burglary, died at Gulf Correctional Institution’s Annex in February 2018. While in jail in 2010, he was brought to a Miami courtroom to testify on his mother’s behalf in an effort to convince a jury to spare her life. “The case followed him around, every time he got arrested. It was like a revolving door,” said Cardona’s former lawyer, Edith Georgi. “The kid had a really sweet way about him. He was very easy to get to know and friendly. But he had an addiction he couldn’t cure.”

enwiki-00000030-0000-0000

"Bassy" Bob Brockmann "Bassy" Bob Brockmann is an American record producer, recording and mixing engineer. He has collaborated on recordings with The Fugees, Notorious BIG, Craig Mack, Toni Braxton, Babyface, Cee Lo Green, Soulive, Surface, Brian McKnight, Christina Aguilera, Brandy, Mary J Blige, Faith Hill, Bob Dylan, Sheryl Crow and the Dixie Chicks.

enwiki-00000030-0001-0000

"Bassy" Bob Brockmann Brockmann attended the University of Miami for music and played trumpet in The Brooklyn Funk Essentials. From 1998 to 2007, Brockmann owned NuMedia Studios on lower Broadway in New York City.

enwiki-00000030-0002-0000

"Bassy" Bob Brockmann, Awards and honors Brockmann has been nominated for more than 30 Grammy Awards, and has won twice: for Christina Aguilera's 2000 album Mi Reflejo and for Kirk Franklin's 1999 album The Nu Nation Project. His mix of "There You'll Be" from the film Pearl Harbor was nominated for a 2001 "Best Song" Oscar.

enwiki-00000031-0000-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam "Believing Women" in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an is a 2002 book by Asma Barlas, published by the University of Texas Press. According to Barlas, the Qur'an does not support patriarchy and modern day Muslims were not properly interpreting the text. She argues that the Qur'an supports equal spousal and marital rights and does not differentiate among sex and gender. Barlas attributes incorrect interpretations of the Qur'an to the hadith, shariah, and sunnah. Barlas stated that men were mostly the ones who had developed shariah.

enwiki-00000031-0001-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Background As of 2002, Barlas was the head of the Ithaca College Department of Politics, and the interim director of the college's Center for the Study of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity. She is a Muslim and believes the Qur'an is of divine origin.

enwiki-00000031-0002-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Content Kristin Zahra Sands of the New York University Department of Middle Eastern Studies described the book as a Quranic exigesis rather than being an eternal study of exigesis. Barlas criticizes the traditional use of the hadith (sayings of Muhammed, not in the Quran) and tafsir (interpretation of the Quran), texts she sees as important to the misogynistic customs and beliefs in contemporary Islam, in Part I; these texts are often used together with the Qur'an in Islam. She advocates using itjihad (informed independent thought). The author has criticized some English translations of the Qur'an, and she argued that the document may be explored in any language.

enwiki-00000031-0003-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Content The main references used for the portions regarding the traditions of the Quran and tafsir are secondary sources and English translations.

enwiki-00000031-0004-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Content Sands described "Believing Women" as "Building particularly on the work of Fazlur Rahman and Farid Esack".

enwiki-00000031-0005-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Reception Sands argued that the book is "an interesting contribution to contemporary Muslim thought that will be useful in teaching a broad range of undergraduate and graduate courses." Sands stated that due to the book's use of Islamic and feminist terminology, it would be best used "selectively" in introductory classes. Sands argued that the book should have been "engaging more fully with the Arabic interpretative tradition" and that the book should not criticize a translation if it accurately reflects the original Arabic.

enwiki-00000031-0006-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Reception Jane I. Smith of the Hartford Seminary stated that the book was "a well-constructed and thoughtfully written work, the arguments clearly developed and the prose a pleasure to read."

enwiki-00000031-0007-0000

"Believing Women" in Islam, Reception Carolyn M. Craft of Longwood University wrote that the book is important for larger public libraries and academic libraries, and that it complements Qur'an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective by Amina Wadud.

enwiki-00000032-0000-0000

"Big Boy" Teddy Edwards "Big Boy" Teddy Edwards was an American blues musician, from the United States, who recorded 23 songs from 1930 to 1936. Edwards was active in the Chicago area of the United States. There is very little biographical information published on Edwards' life.

enwiki-00000032-0001-0000

"Big Boy" Teddy Edwards Edwards played the tiple, a ten-stringed instrument, and was the only recorded blues tiple player during the period he was active. Edwards was also proficient on the guitar. Contemporary blues musician Big Bill Broonzy recalled working with Edwards, as well as Edwards working with Papa Charlie Jackson. Prolific session pianist Black Bob also recorded with Edwards on several of his later records. Edwards' song "Louise", recorded in 1934, was covered by Broonzy as "Louise Louise Blues".

enwiki-00000032-0002-0000

"Big Boy" Teddy Edwards, Recordings Between 1930 and 1936, Edwards recorded 23 songs for the Vocalion, Melotone, Bluebird, Brunswick, and Decca record labels. Edwards was given several pseudonyms by the record companies that issued his recordings; these included "Teddy Edwards", ""Big Boy" Teddy Edwards", and "Eddy Teddy". Edwards' 1930 and 1931 records differ from his later output, singing with a simple tiple accompaniment. All of Edwards' sessions after this show him in a band setting with more of a pop music style, being accompanied by Big Bill Broonzy, Black Bob, and others.

enwiki-00000033-0000-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson "Big Willie" Robinson (1942-2012) was an American street racer, bodybuilder, and president of the International and National Brotherhood of Street Racers. He was active in the street racing community in Los Angeles, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, where he gained attention of the Los Angeles Police Department, the local media, and politicians. The Watts riots led to Robinson using drag racing as a method of addressing street violence fueled by racial tensions and police violence.

enwiki-00000033-0000-0001

"Big Willie" Robinson He married fellow street racer Tomiko Robinson in the late 1960s, who became an integral part of the street racing community until her death in 2007. With the support of Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley, Robinson founded Brotherhood Raceway Park in 1974 and the dragstrip maintained a presence on Terminal Island until 1994. Robinson died in 2012.

enwiki-00000033-0001-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson, History Robinson was born and raised in New Orleans. He spent a year at Louisiana State University in 1960. Robinson recalled in 1994 how he came out of history class to find his 1953 Oldsmobile 98, a gift from his father, with its headlights and windows smashed and its tires slashed as the result of a racially motivated attack by a group of white people who were angry at the university's integration. He moved to Los Angeles in the early 1960s, where he attended UCLA. After financial difficulties following his parent's separation, he went to work at a local body shop before joining the street racing scene.

enwiki-00000033-0002-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson, History He was drafted in the army during the Vietnam War and was medically discharged in 1966. He returned to Los Angeles in 1966 and returned to racing. Robinson quickly gained notoriety and became synonymous with Los Angeles street racing in the period.

enwiki-00000033-0003-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson, History After the Watts riots of 1965, Robinson founded the International and National Brotherhood of Street Racers in 1968 with support from the LAPD, whose officers first attended his drag racing events in Compton, Inglewood, and Watts undercover. Paul Norwood, executive vice president of the organization stated that “there was a lot of tension and the police thought this was a good way for the people to get rid of their anxiety and anger by allowing them to do this on weekends.” The organization at its height grew to over 80,000 members in 38 states and 9 countries.

enwiki-00000033-0004-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson, History Support from Mayor Tom Bradley was instrumental in the opening of the organization's track in 1974, named Brotherhood Raceway Park. In 1977, Bradley commented: "It provides not only an opportunity to give these youngsters an outlet, but it helps build brotherhood. They are built upon the theme of brotherhood through street racing.” The track closed in 1984 but re-opened again in 1993, after Robinson persuaded the Los Angeles Harbor Commission to allow its reopening for two years. Some reports from officers indicate that crime dropped when the track was open.

enwiki-00000033-0004-0001

"Big Willie" Robinson, History A retired deputy sheriff stated, “pretty much all the cops knew [that] when Willie’s track is open, it definitely makes a difference ... virtually all the street racing stopped because now they had a place to go.” In a 1994 article for Sports Illustrated, Robinson commented: "Black, white, yellow, brown, skinheads, Nazi party members, Muslims, we got 'em all. They're all here at the track, and they're communicatin'. And once they start communicatin', they start likin' each other, and once they start likin' each other, they forget about the hate." Robinson's mantra reportedly was If you're racing, you're not killing.

enwiki-00000033-0005-0000

"Big Willie" Robinson, History In his 2012 obituary published in the Los Angeles Times, Robinson was described as "a gentle giant who promoted organized drag racing as a way to unite people of all races and classes and ease racial tensions."

enwiki-00000034-0000-0000

"Big" Donnie MacLeod Donald Archie "Big Donnie" MacLeod (December 11, 1928 – January 3, 2003) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Cape Breton West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1981 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

enwiki-00000034-0001-0000

"Big" Donnie MacLeod Born in 1928 at Marion Bridge, Nova Scotia, MacLeod served 23 years as a municipal councillor for Cape Breton County. MacLeod first attempted to enter provincial politics in the 1978 election, finishing third in the Cape Breton West riding. MacLeod ran again in the 1981 election, and defeated the incumbent David Muise by 390 votes to win the seat. He was re-elected in the 1984 election, defeating Liberal Russell MacKinnon by 1,110 votes. He was defeated by MacKinnon when he ran for re-election in 1988.

enwiki-00000035-0000-0000

"Bufo" scorteccii "Bufo" scorteccii, formerly known as Duttaphrynus scorteccii, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Yemen, with its range restricted to a plateau near the western region of Mafhaq. Its natural habitats are shrubland as well as wetland areas.

enwiki-00000036-0000-0000

"Bund" in Latvia The "Bund" in Latvia (Yiddish: „בּונד“ אין לעטלאנד‎, “bund„ in letland) was a Jewish socialist party in Latvia between the two World Wars, adhering to the political line of the General Jewish Labour Bund.

enwiki-00000036-0001-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The beginnings of the Latvian Bund In 1919 the branch of the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia in Latvia separated itself from the mother party and constituted a separate party of its own. After the conclusion of Latvian War of Independence, in the fall of 1920 a Central Bureau of the Latvian Bund was constituted. The Latvian Bund became an autonomous organization affiliated with the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party. The Bund had one seat in the Central Committee of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party.

enwiki-00000036-0001-0001

"Bund" in Latvia, The beginnings of the Latvian Bund The Bund, as well as other left-wing groups in Latvia after the Latvian War of Independence, was under suspicion as Communist supporters. On June 20, 1921 the president of the party Abraham Braun "Sergei" (1881-1940) was sentenced to death by a military tribunal for spreading Communist propaganda but released after international socialist outcry over the sentence.

enwiki-00000036-0002-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The beginnings of the Latvian Bund The relations among Jewish socialists and with the rest of the socialist movement were far better than in Poland; during elections of 1918 two Bundists were elected, then four at the Riga municipal council election in 1919, on a common list of the Social Democratic bloc, which gained 36 of the 96 seats.

enwiki-00000036-0003-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The beginnings of the Latvian Bund The party published the biweekly Di naye tsayt for seven years. The Perecklub movement was the youth wing of the Bund and its students' union was called Zukunft.

enwiki-00000036-0004-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, 1934 coup and underground struggle The party held its sixth and last congress in Daugavpils on January 27–28, 1934. According to Daniel Blatman, there were 500 active members of the Latvian Bund in 1934.

enwiki-00000036-0005-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, 1934 coup and underground struggle After the 1934 Latvian coup d'état the Bund aligned with the illegal, underground Socialist Workers and Peasants Party of Latvia (LSSZP). In August 1934 the LSSZP formed a special committee, to lead the underground Jewish socialist movement and Bund activists participated in this committee. The first LZZSP congress, held in July 1935, recognized the Bund as an autonomous organization under the same terms as the Bund had previously aligned with the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party. In November 1936 Bund activists were arrested.

enwiki-00000036-0006-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The Bundist members of the Latvian Parliament As pointed out by Frank Gordon, "Between the two world wars Latvia was the only country where the Bund had a parliamentary representative of its own. "., and Bund was only one of a few Jewish parties represented in the 1st Saeima, 2nd Saeima, 3rd Saeima and 4th Saeima.

enwiki-00000036-0007-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The Bundist members of the Latvian Parliament Itzhak Berss (Īzaks Berss), father of Lipman Bers, represented the interests of the Bund in the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia, elected in April 1920. He was later the director of Riga Jewish gymnasium where Yiddish was the language of education. From 1922 until 1934 he was Riga City councilman. He was removed from office after the 1934 Latvian coup d'état on the grounds of "political unreliability". On June 14, 1941 he was arrested and deported by Soviets to Siberia from where he was released only in 1956.

enwiki-00000036-0008-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The Bundist members of the Latvian Parliament Dr. Noah Meisel, Daugavpils city council member, was subsequently elected for the Bund in the 1st Saeima in 1922, and again in 1925 and 1928, but was not reelected in 1931. He was arrested and deported by the Soviet authorities after the Soviet invasion and annexation of Latvia in 1940 and died in exile in far Northern Russia in 1956.

enwiki-00000036-0009-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, The Bundist members of the Latvian Parliament According to Valdis Lumans, "the leftist Bund more often than not sided with Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party more than with the Jewish bloc" (comprising Agudath Israel, the Zionists and the Jewish National Democratic Party).

enwiki-00000036-0010-0000

"Bund" in Latvia, International affiliation After World War I, the Latvian Bund sent a representative, Raphael Abramovitch, to the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Menshevik) delegation at the founding Vienna conference of the International Working Union of Socialist Parties in 1921, where he was particularly active in association with the Menshevik leader Julius Martov. He "emerged as one of the recognized leaders of the Vienna Union".

enwiki-00000037-0000-0000

"Buzz!!" The Movie "Buzz!!" The Movie is the third live VHS released by Japanese rock duo B'z. It was later released on DVD, on March 14, 2001.

enwiki-00000038-0000-0000

"By" Dunham William D. "By" Dunham (May 2, 1910 – April 12, 2001) was an American songwriter and film producer.

enwiki-00000038-0001-0000

"By" Dunham Born William Donaldson Dunham in New York City, Dunham wrote songs for the films of many major stars, including John Wayne ("McLintock! "), Randolph Scott ("Seven Men From Now"), and three Bob Hope films: Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number!, I'll Take Sweden, and Alias Jesse James. He also wrote the lyrics to the theme song for the Flipper television series, and for the film, The New Adventures of Flipper. His other films included The Young Swingers, Surf Party and Wild on the Beach,the last of which he also produced.

enwiki-00000039-0000-0000

"C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here) "C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here), also known as "C" Is for Cunt, is an EP by the Maynard James Keenan side project Puscifer, which was released on November 10, 2009. It contains four previously unreleased songs as well as two tracks from "V" Is for Vagina recorded live on Puscifer's 2009 tour. "C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here) has sold 10,000 copies.

enwiki-00000039-0001-0000

"C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here), Release Prior to the album's release, "The Mission" was released as a single. A video for the track was released in October, 2009. The track "Polar Bear" was streamed on the band's website and MySpace page in the weeks leading to release.

enwiki-00000039-0002-0000

"C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here), Release The release of the album itself followed on November 10, 2009 as a digital download only release on iTunes and Amazon.com.

enwiki-00000039-0003-0000

"C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here), Release A physical release of the EP was on September 7, 2010. The exclusive 12" vinyl features an additional two bonus tracks.

enwiki-00000039-0004-0000

"C" Is for (Please Insert Sophomoric Genitalia Reference Here), Release On May 30, 2020 a limited edition jigsaw puzzle of the EP cover was released to commemorate the panic buying of toilet paper which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

enwiki-00000040-0000-0000

"C" Is for Corpse "C" Is for Corpse is the third novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California.

enwiki-00000040-0001-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary The novel begins with Kinsey at the gym, rehabilitating herself from injuries sustained at the end of B is for Burglar. While there, she meets Bobby Callahan, a twenty-three-year-old who was nearly killed when his car went off the road nine months ago. Bobby is convinced that the car crash, which killed his friend Rick, was an attempt on his life. He suspects that he may still be in danger, so he hires Kinsey to investigate. Having lost some of his memories and cognitive faculties as a result of the crash, he can only vaguely articulate why he thinks someone wants to kill him, referring to some information in a red address book that he can no longer locate.

enwiki-00000040-0002-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary Kinsey takes the case despite little information, having taken a liking to Bobby. She meets his rich but dysfunctional family: Glen, his mother is an heiress on her third marriage to Derek Wenner, whose daughter Kitty is a 17-year-old drug user and is seriously ill with anorexia. Glen has spared no expense in seeking treatment and counseling for Bobby. He is depressed further due to Rick's death, his own injuries, and the loss of his prospects at medical school. A few days later, Bobby dies in another car crash, which is attributed to a seizure while driving. Kinsey thinks this is the delayed result of the first crash and thus a successful murder. Kinsey investigates several people: Kitty stands to inherit 2 million dollars from Bobby's will; Derek insured Bobby's life for a large sum without Glen's knowledge; and Rick's parents blame Bobby for their son's death.

enwiki-00000040-0003-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary However, Kinsey looks elsewhere for the solution: a friend of Bobby's gives her Bobby's address book, which shows Bobby was searching for someone called Blackman. Bobby's former girlfriend thought Bobby ended their relationship because he was having an affair with someone else, and she thinks Bobby was helping a woman who was being blackmailed. Kinsey eventually finds out that the woman with whom Bobby was involved was his mother's friend, Nola Fraker. She confesses to having accidentally shot her husband, a well-known architect named Dwight Costigan, during a supposed struggle with an intruder at their home years prior. She has a blackmailer, who is in possession of the gun with Nola's fingerprints on it.

enwiki-00000040-0004-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary Trying to investigate further, Kinsey realizes that 'Blackman' is code for an unidentified corpse in the morgue. She finds the gun concealed in the corpse. However, while she is at the hospital, she finds the recently murdered body of the morgue assistant and realizes the killer is at the hospital. It is Nola's current husband, Dr. Fraker, a pathologist from the hospital, who is also the blackmailer. Bobby found out what Fraker was up to; but Fraker rigged the first car accident before he could do anything about it, leading Bobby to eventually put Kinsey on the trail.

enwiki-00000040-0004-0001

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary Soon after, Fraker cut Bobby's brake lines, leading to his fatal crash, and falsified the autopsy results to point to a seizure. Fraker traps Kinsey and gives her a disabling injection, but she manages to cosh him and escapes to a phone to call the police. In the epilogue, she describes finally discharging the debt she feels she owes to Bobby and concludes with a wish that he is at peace.

enwiki-00000040-0005-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Plot summary In a side plot, Kinsey's landlord and friend Henry begins a personal and business relationship with Lila Sams, newly arrived in Santa Teresa. Kinsey, rubbed the wrong way by Lila, discovers her to be a fraudster with multiple identities and turns her over to the police just as Lila is preparing to decamp with Henry's money.

enwiki-00000040-0006-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Reviews Publishers Weekly reviewed the novel positively, calling it fast-paced, with quirky and believable characters, and written with a light and sure touch.

enwiki-00000040-0007-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Reviews Kirkus Reviews also praised the book, saying it was the best of the series so far, and that its strongest element was Kinsey Millhone. The review took note of Grafton's "warm and swift" writing style, and said that the plot was intriguing though far-fetched.

enwiki-00000040-0008-0000

"C" Is for Corpse, Awards "C" Is for Corpse was awarded the 1987 Anthony Award for Best Novel at Bouchercon, the World Mystery Convention, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

enwiki-00000041-0000-0000

"Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum "Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum , commonly known as the Santander giant glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Its current placement within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain (incertae sedis). It is endemic to Colombia where it is only known from the region of the type locality on the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental in the Santander Department, at the elevations of 1,750–2,100 m (5,740–6,890 ft) asl.

enwiki-00000041-0001-0000

"Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum Its natural habitats are cloud forests where it occurs on vegetation next to streams. Its conservation status is unable to be classified due to insufficient data.

enwiki-00000042-0000-0000

"Centrolene" azulae Centrolene azulae is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is threatened by habitat loss, and is enlisted in the IUCN red list.

enwiki-00000042-0001-0000

"Centrolene" azulae Endemic to Peru, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It was originally described in the genus Centrolenella, until 1993.

enwiki-00000043-0000-0000

"Centrolene" guanacarum "Centrolene" guanacarum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. Its status is insufficiently known.

enwiki-00000044-0000-0000

"Centrolene" medemi "Centrolene" medemi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. The species occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the Tolima, Caquetá, and Putumayo Departments in Colombia and adjacent Napo in Ecuador. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain (incertae sedis). The specific name medemi honors Fred Medem, collector of the holotype. Common name Medem giant glass frog has been coined for it.

enwiki-00000044-0001-0000

"Centrolene" medemi, Description Adult males measure 26–31 mm (1.0–1.2 in) and adult females 35–44 mm (1.4–1.7 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded in dorsal profile and truncated to slightly protruding when viewed laterally. The tympanum is indistinct and partly covered by the supra-tympanic fold. The fingers have absent to extensive webbing (from inner to outer fingers). The toes are extensively webbed. The dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs are olive green to grayish brown and bear large cream spots. The ventral parietal peritoneum is white. Adult males have a large humeral spine. The pre-pollical spine is not separated from the first finger. The iris is grayish brown and has dark reticulation.

enwiki-00000044-0002-0000

"Centrolene" medemi, Habitat and conservation This species lives on streamsides in montane cloud forests at elevations of 790–1,800 m (2,590–5,910 ft) above sea level. It also occurs in secondary forest, as long as there is good vegetation cover close to streams. The eggs are laid on leaves overhanging the water.

enwiki-00000044-0003-0000

"Centrolene" medemi, Habitat and conservation It is locally common in Colombia, but only one specimen, collected in 1975, is known from Ecuador. The specific threats are poorly known but probably include habitat loss, introduction alien predatory fishes, and pollution from the spraying of illegal crops. Chytridiomycosis might also be a threat.

enwiki-00000045-0000-0000

"Centrolene" petrophilum "Centrolene" petrophilum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. Also called the Boyaca Giant Glass Frog.

enwiki-00000045-0001-0000

"Centrolene" petrophilum It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. Possible causes for habitat loss: Deforestation/logging and Intensified agriculture or grazing (livestock ranching, and the cultivation of crops) and mining are the known main threats to this species.

enwiki-00000046-0000-0000

"Centrolene" quindianum "Centrolene" quindianum is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the Andes of Colombia and is considered a threatened species due to habitat destruction. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. "C." quindianum is known to have two types of calls, one composed of only two notes and the other composed of three to five notes with its most frequently used one being the former.

enwiki-00000047-0000-0000

"Centrolene" robledoi "Centrolene" robledoi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

enwiki-00000048-0000-0000

"Chūsotsu" "Chūkara" "Chūsotsu": Ebichū no Ike Ike Best and "Chūkara": Ebichū no Waku Waku Best are two best-of albums by the Japanese girl idol group Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku. They were released in Japan simultaneously on November 16, 2016. This marks the final release featuring Rina Matsuno, who died on February 8, 2017.

enwiki-00000048-0001-0000

"Chūsotsu" "Chūkara", "Chūsotsu": Ebichū no Ike Ike Best "Chūsotsu": Ebichū no Ike Ike Best (「中卒」〜エビ中のイケイケベスト〜) contains all the band's major-label hits to date (all the A-sides of the first ten major-label singles), one B-side and one album track. Some songs were re-recorded with the current line-up.