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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Columbia Island is an island located in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It formed naturally as an extension of Analostan Island in the latter part of the 1800s, and over time erosion and flooding severed it from Analostan. The U.S. federal government deposited material dredged from the Potomac River on the island between 1911 and 1922, and again from 1925 to 1927. The island was also reshaped by the government at this time. It received the name \"Columbia Island\" about 1918. In 1968, the island was renamed Lady Bird Johnson Park. Located within the park are the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove, Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial, and the Columbia Island Marina. The island, park, memorials, and marina are part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway and administered by the National Park Service.", "title": "Columbia Island (District of Columbia)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sugar Pine Point Light was a small lighthouse located on Lake Tahoe, in El Dorado County, California, in the United States. The tower no longer stands, but a small post light marks the site. It is located within the bounds of Ed Z'berg Sugar Pine Point State Park.", "title": "Sugar Pine Point Light" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Turtle Island is a island in the western portion of Lake Erie in the United States. The island has an unusual political status, as its jurisdiction is divided between the U.S. states of Michigan and Ohio, even though the island has no residents or current use. Turtle Island is located about northeast of the mouth of the Maumee River in Maumee Bay. Today, the island houses several abandoned structures and the ruins of Turtle Island Light, a lighthouse dating back to 1866. According to the Census Bureau, most of the island lies in Jerusalem Township in Lucas County, Ohio with the smaller Michigan portion being part of Erie Township.", "title": "Turtle Island (Lake Erie)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museum of Chincoteague Island, located at 7125 Maddox Boulevard, Chincoteague, Virginia, United States, celebrates the people, culture and heritage of Chincoteague Island.", "title": "Museum of Chincoteague Island" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The East End Light (sometimes called Gorling Bluff Light) is a lighthouse located at the east end of Grand Cayman island in the Cayman Islands. The lighthouse is the centerpiece of East End Lighthouse Park, managed by the National Trust for the Cayman Islands; the first navigational aid on the site was the first lighthouse in the Cayman Islands.", "title": "East End Light" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located approximately 4 billion light-years away from the Earth (at redshift \"z\" = 0.375), in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell, and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued.", "title": "Abell 370" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Calgary Zoo is located in Bridgeland, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, just east of the city's downtown and adjacent to the Inglewood and East Village neighborhoods. It is accessible via Calgary's C-Train light rail system, by car via Memorial Drive, and by bicycle and footpath via the Bow River pathway. A large portion of the zoo is located on St. George's Island in the Bow River.", "title": "Calgary Zoo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pinetop is an unincorporated community in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States; located within the Pine Island State Forest. The community is located east of Mizpah; and south of Gemmell; along Koochiching County Road 6 (CR 6).", "title": "Pinetop, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Birch Island is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States. Birch Island is located along the Mississippi River south of Hamburg.", "title": "Birch Island, Illinois" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Today, GE Lighting is a part of GE Home & Business Solutions, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Nela Park serves as the operating headquarters of GE Lighting.", "title": "Nela Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's). There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).", "title": "Bermuda" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darwin Sound is a sound in the Queen Charlotte Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is located between Moresby Island (W) and Lyell Island (E) and was named in 1878 by Canada's then-Chief Geographer George M. Dawson in honour of Charles Darwin, the eminent naturalist.", "title": "Darwin Sound (Canada)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Boy Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. Boy Lake is approximately WWN of Rising Wolf Mountain.", "title": "Boy Lake (Glacier County, Montana)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckhorn Island State Park is an state park located in Erie County, New York in the Town of Grand Island. The park is on the northern end of the island of Grand Island.", "title": "Buckhorn Island State Park" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is a Marine Protected Area of the United States located on Prudence, Patience, and Hope islands in Narragansett Bay in the state of Rhode Island.", "title": "Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cape Fourcroy Light is an active lighthouse located on Cape Fourcroy, on the southwestern tip of Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia. The lighthouse marks the beginning of the route from the Timor Sea to Darwin.", "title": "Cape Fourcroy Light" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Passage Island Light Station is a lighthouse located NE of Isle Royale, in NW Lake Superior, Michigan on Passage Island. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.", "title": "Passage Island Light" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Low Isles Light, also known as Low Islets Light or Low Island Light, is an active lighthouse located on Low Island, a coral cay which together with Woody Island forms the Low Isles group, about northeast of Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia. The island is situated on the western edge of the main shipping channel into the harbour of Port Douglas, and it marks the entrance to the channel. Built in 1878, it was the first lighthouse in Far North Queensland and more specifically the first to light the Inner Passage of the Great Barrier Reef. Its construction is typical to Queensland lighthouses of the time, timber frame clad with galvanized iron, and it is the fourth lighthouse of this type constructed in Queensland, though it is the first of them to use portholes.", "title": "Low Isles Light" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thunder Bay Island Light, located on Thunder Bay Island's southeast tip, is one of the oldest operating lighthouses in Michigan. The third operating U.S. lighthouse in Lake Huron was built here in 1831, but it disintegrated almost at once and was rebuilt in 1832 of local limestone. This 1830s light tower was raised ) to a height of in 1857, and sheathed with brick. A fourth order Fresnel lens was installed. This 1857 light tower is the current Thunder Bay Island Light, although the tower has been further altered and is currently high.", "title": "Thunder Bay Island Light" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michigan Island is one of the Apostle Islands located in western Lake Superior, off the Bayfield Peninsula, in northern Wisconsin. This island has no human inhabitants, and is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. It is centered at approximately 46.87° N 90.49° W and has a maximum elevation of 758' above sea level. Along its shores, it rises about 48 feet above Lake Superior's official elevation of 602'. The Michigan Island Light, which has two towers, is located on the island.", "title": "Michigan Island" } ]

[ { "answer": "Manitoba", "id": 131373, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "Which state is George Island Light located?" }, { "answer": "Manitoba Legislative Building", "id": 791121, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "Golden Boy (#1 ) >> location" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WDJO is an AM radio station in Cincinnati, Ohio that airs an oldies format. The station is the Cincinnati affiliate for the Ohio State IMG Sports Network. Oldies 1480 (as it is branded) is owned by Robert T. Nolan, through licensee Mustang Media, Inc. The station operates at 4,500 watts during the day and 300 watts at night.", "title": "WDJO" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On December 7, 2006, after passage by Ohio voters on November 7, 2006, Chapter 3794 (titled ``Smoking Ban '') of the Ohio Revised Code went into effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed workplaces in Ohio, including bars and restaurants. The law exempts (1) private residences except when being used as a business when employees other than the owner are present, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) family - owned and operated businesses not open to the public where all employees are related to the owner, (4) designated smoking areas in nursing homes, (5) retail tobacco stores, (6) outdoor patios, (7) private clubs with no employees. The law is enforced by the Ohio Department of Health, which began enforcement on May 3, 2007. A business may be fined up to $2,500 and individuals $100 for violation of the ban. Local governments may regulate smoking more stringently than the state.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statewide smoking ban: On May 1, 2010, after being signed into law by Governor Jennifer Granholm on December 18, 2009, the Dr. Ron Davis Law took effect, banning smoking statewide in all enclosed, indoor workplaces in Michigan, as well as the outdoor patios of bars and restaurants. The law exempts only cigar bars, retail tobacco stores, private home offices, company vehicles including commercial trucks, and Detroit's three casinos' gambling floors. The law is silent as to whether local governments may regulate smoking more strictly than the state, though it prohibits state or local health departments from enacting any smoking rules different than the law. In December 2011, a judge dismissed fines against a Warren, Michigan bar owner who had claimed that his bar's Keno machines classified his establishment as a casino exempt from the ban.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.", "title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836. The bank's formal name, according to section 9 of its charter as passed by Congress, was \"The President, Directors, and Company, of the Bank of the United States.\"", "title": "Second Bank of the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The S. 3066 legislation was passed by the United States 93rd Congressional session and enacted into law by the 38th President of the United States Gerald Ford on August 22, 1974.", "title": "Housing and Community Development Act of 1974" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the United States. The Amish believe that one effective way to educate children is on the job. The new law allows Amish children the ability to work with their families, once they are passed eighth grade in school.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like most parts of the United States, government and laws are also run by a series of ballot initiatives (allowing citizens to pass or reject laws), referenda (allowing citizens to approve or reject legislation already passed), and propositions (allowing specific government agencies to propose new laws/tax increases directly to the people). Federally, Seattle is part of Washington's 7th congressional district, represented by Democrat Jim McDermott, elected in 1988 and one of Congress's liberal members. Ed Murray is currently serving as mayor.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1995, California was the first state to enact a statewide smoking ban; throughout the early to mid-2000s, especially between 2004 and 2007, an increasing number of states enacted a statewide smoking ban of some kind. As of July 2017, the most recent statewide smoking ban is North Dakota's, which was ratified by voters on November 6, 2012.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984 (also known as the Rotational Warning Act) is an act of the Congress of the United States. A national program established in order to improve the availability of information on health risks related to smoking, to amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act so that cigarette warning labels would be different, and for other reasons, the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act was enacted with a purpose to, as stated in Section 1 of the Act, \"provide a new strategy for making Americans more aware of any adverse health effects of smoking, to assure the timely and widespread dissemination of research findings and to enable individuals to make informed decisions about smoking\". Adopted by Congress in 1984 and effective October 12, 1984, the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act created a rotational warning system that required all cigarette packages and advertisements to rotate the following four warnings every three months:", "title": "Comprehensive Smoking Education Act" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.", "title": "Multiracial Americans" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smoking in workplaces in Ireland was banned on 29 March 2004, making Ireland the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces. From that date onwards, under the Public Health (Tobacco) Acts, it has been illegal to smoke in all enclosed workplaces. The ban is strictly enforced and includes bars, restaurants, clubs, offices, public buildings, company cars, trucks, taxis and vans. A private residence is considered a workplace when tradespeople, such as plumbers or electricians, are working there. €3,000 is the maximum fine on the spot, while a prison sentence can also be given at a later time for violators. The law exempts dwellings, prisons, nursing homes, psychiatric wards, hotel rooms charitable accommodation and college dorm rooms. Certain buildings such as some hospitals forbid smoking anywhere in the grounds.", "title": "Smoking in Ireland" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Kinsella served in the United States Marine Corps, achieving the rank of sergeant, during World War II. He received a bachelor's degree from Trinity College of Connecticut in 1947 and a law degree from University of Nebraska College of Law in 1952. he returned to Hartford and passed the Connecticut state bar exam. He practiced at a private law firm prior to entering local politics.", "title": "James Kinsella" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increases with the total smoke exposure. Additionally, women are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoke than men. In non-smokers, exposure to second-hand smoke is the cause in up to 20% of cases. Other types of smoke, such as, marijuana, cigar, and water-pipe smoke, also confer a risk. Water-pipe smoke appears to be as harmful as smoking cigarettes. Problems from marijuana smoke may only be with heavy use. Women who smoke during pregnancy may increase the risk of COPD in their child. For the same amount of cigarette smoking, women have a higher risk of COPD than men.", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanisation, and allocate migrant labour. Also known as the natives law, pass laws severely limited the movements of not only black African citizens, but other people's as well by requiring them to carry pass books when outside their homelands or designated areas. Before the 1950s, this legislation largely applied to African men, and attempts to apply it to women in the 1910s and 1950s were met with significant protests. Pass laws would be one of the dominant features of the country's apartheid system, until it was effectively ended in 1986.", "title": "Pass laws" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No statewide smoking ban. Instead, Tennessee's 2007 statewide smoking law, the Non-Smoker Protection Act, prohibits smoking statewide in all public places in Tennessee, except as exempted; (1) any business, including a bar or restaurant, that does not serve persons under 21, (2) designated hotel / motel smoking rooms, (3) tobacco industry - related facilities, (4) outdoor areas and areas with an open garage door, (5) nursing homes, (6) designated smoking areas not accessible to the general public in businesses with three or fewer employees, (7) private clubs, (8) private residences and vehicles unless it is being used for child care, daycare, or public transportation of children, (9) retail tobacco stores, and (10) commercial vehicles occupied solely by the operator. Local governments are preempted from regulating smoking.", "title": "List of smoking bans in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the effectiveness of medications such as corticosteroids. Laws that limit smoking decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma. Dust mite control measures, including air filtration, chemicals to kill mites, vacuuming, mattress covers and others methods had no effect on asthma symptoms. Overall, exercise is beneficial in people with stable asthma. Yoga could provide small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in people with asthma.", "title": "Asthma" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ohio", "id": 130403, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What is the name of the state where WDJO is located?" }, { "answer": "December 7, 2006", "id": 86587, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "when did #1 pass the no smoking laws" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. The war had its antecedent in Napoleon's French invasion of Spain in 1808; it extended from the Grito de Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on September 16, 1810, to the entrance of the Army of the Three Guarantees led by Agustín de Iturbide to Mexico City on September 27, 1821. September 16 is celebrated as Mexican Independence Day.", "title": "Mexican War of Independence" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The medal was established in 1918 by Alfonso XIII of Spain. Since then it is awarded to members of the Spanish military service independent of rank.", "title": "Military Medal (Spain)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century. By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration. In 1908, its population had grown massively to 309,331 inhabitants. In the course of the 20th century the city continued to receive large numbers of European immigrants, especially Spanish and Italian, followed by French, Germans or Dutch, English or Irish, Polish, Greek, Hungarians, Russians, Croats, Lebanese, Armenians, and Jews of various origins. The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Disha (English: \"Direction\") was a 1990 Hindi film directed by Sai Paranjpye, based on the plight of immigrant workers in urban India, starring Shabana Azmi, Nana Patekar and Om Puri in lead roles.", "title": "Disha" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British America gained large amounts of new territory following the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ended British involvement in the Seven Years' War. At the start of the American War of Independence in 1775, the British Empire included twenty colonies north and east of New Spain (present - day areas of Mexico and the Western United States). East and West Florida were ceded to Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the American Revolution, and then ceded by Spain to the United States in 1819. The remaining continental colonies of British North America formed the Dominion of Canada by uniting between 1867 and 1873. The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949.", "title": "British America" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After four hundred years of colonial rule by the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico finally received its sovereignty in 1897 through a Carta de Autonomía (Charter of Autonomy). It was signed by Spanish Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and ratified by the Spanish Cortes.", "title": "Independence movement in Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Iberia, forcing the abdication of Charles IV and replacing him with Bonaparte's brother Joseph, produced unforeseen changes in Spain and its overseas empire. The outbreak of the Spanish American wars of independence was a result of Napoleon's destabilizing actions in Spain and led to the fragmentation of the former viceroyalties into independent nation - states. Royal government disappeared and local strongmen emerged in the Spanish American republics in the wake of these wars.", "title": "Spanish Empire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After Columbus' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana. In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions during the 19th century failed to end Spanish rule. However, the Spanish -- American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three - and - a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.", "title": "History of Cuba" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative asiento (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain, and Alta California became one of the three interior provinces in the First Mexican Empire north of the Rio Grande, along with Texas and New Mexico. The Mexican government was unstable, leading to the annexation of California by the United States in 1846. During Mexican rule, California was sparsely populated, with only a few thousand Mexican residents, compared to tens of thousands of Native Americans, and a handful of Yankee entrepreneurs. At the time of the annexation, ``foreigners already outnumbered Californians of Spanish ancestry 9,000 to 7,500 ''. The advent of the California Gold Rush in 1848 led to a massive influx of settlers - including thousands of Mexican miners, but also tens of thousands of Americans from the East. Other substantial immigrant groups included Chileans, and Chinese people.", "title": "Hispanics and Latinos in California" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spanish–American War (Spanish: Guerra hispano-americana or Guerra hispano-estadounidense; Filipino: Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano) was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. The war led to emergence of U.S. predominance in the Caribbean region, and resulted in U.S. acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions. That led to U.S. involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine–American War.The main issue was Cuban independence. Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish rule. The U.S. later backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish–American War. There had been war scares before, as in the Virginius Affair in 1873, but in the late 1890s, American public opinion was agitated by reports of gruesome Spanish atrocities. The business community had just recovered from a deep depression and feared that a war would reverse the gains. It lobbied vigorously against going to war. President William McKinley ignored the exaggerated yellow press and sought a peaceful settlement. The United States Navy armored cruiser USS Maine mysteriously exploded and sank in Havana Harbor; political pressures from the Democratic Party pushed McKinley into a war that he had wished to avoid.", "title": "Spanish–American War" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, the winner of the European Championship gains entry to the Confederations Cup, which was played in Brazil in 2013. However, since Spain already qualified as the 2010 World Cup champions, Italy qualified automatically as the UEFA representative, with their win in the semi-final against Germany, despite losing in the final to Spain.", "title": "UEFA Euro 2012 Final" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On August 10, 1815, the Royal Decree of Grace was issued, allowing foreigners to enter Puerto Rico (including French refugees from Hispaniola), and opening the port to trade with nations other than Spain. This was the beginning of agriculture-based economic growth, with sugar, tobacco, and coffee being the main products. The Decree also gave free land to anyone who swore their loyalty to the Spanish Crown and their allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church. Thousands of families from all regions of Spain (particularly Asturias, Catalonia, Majorca and Galicia), Germany, Corsica, Ireland, France, Portugal, the Canary Islands and other locations, escaping from harsh economic times in Europe and lured by the offer of free land, soon immigrated to Puerto Rico. However, these small gains in autonomy and rights were short lived. After the fall of Napoleon, absolute power returned to Spain, which revoked the Cádiz Constitution and reinstated Puerto Rico to its former condition as a colony, subject to the unrestricted power of the Spanish monarch.", "title": "History of Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthew Price was educated at The Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, a day independent school in Elstree in Hertfordshire, followed by St Catharine's College at the University of Cambridge, gaining a First Class degree in Geography.", "title": "Matthew Price" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one million Cubans in the United States, most settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in the Northeastern United States; most are fluent in Spanish. In the city of Miami today Spanish is the first language mostly due to Cuban immigration.", "title": "Spanish language in the United States" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Spanish -- American War, Spain and the United States signed the Treaty of Paris (1898), by which Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the United States for the sum of $20 million. Cuba gained formal independence from the U.S. on May 20, 1902, as the Republic of Cuba. Under Cuba's new constitution, the U.S. retained the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and to supervise its finances and foreign relations. Under the Platt Amendment, the U.S. leased the Guantánamo Bay naval base from Cuba.", "title": "Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He joined the Spanish diplomatic service in 1982, and served from 2005 to 2008 as the Spanish Ambassador to South Africa. Since 2002 to 2004, he served as the 5th Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the Government of Spain. 2008-2011 he was an advisor to the Directorate General of Foreign Policy for Africa. In February 2011, he became the Ambassador to Sudan, and when South Sudan gained independence 4 months later he was also appointed as ambassador to South Sudan.", "title": "Ramón Gil-Casares" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spanish -- American War (Spanish: Guerra hispano - americana or Guerra hispano - estadounidense; Filipino: Digmaang Espanyol - Amerikano) was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. American acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions led to its involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine -- American War.", "title": "Spanish–American War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain.", "title": "Indian Police Service" } ]

[ { "answer": "Puerto Rico", "id": 159116, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "where did the immigration lead to?" }, { "answer": "1897", "id": 47939, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did #1 gain their independence from spain" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Medworth Ferguson (December 11, 1877, Coffey County, Kansas – February 20, 1923, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas) was a United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions on September 28, 1899, during the Philippine-American War. He later obtained the rank of lieutenant colonel. He had previously been promoted from Corporal after being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for actions on April 26, 1899. Colonel Ferguson is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.", "title": "Arthur M. Ferguson" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall R. Sanguinet House is located on 4729 Collinwood Avenue in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 7, 1983.", "title": "Marshall R. Sanguinet House" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Full Throttle Saloon is an American reality television series that premiered on November 10, 2009, and originally aired on truTV. The series, which takes its name from the bar, chronicles the daily operations of the world's largest biker bar, Full Throttle Saloon, located in Sturgis, South Dakota was housed on 30 acres of land, which Michael Ballard purchased in 1999. The indoor/outdoor bar included several large stages, a burn-out pit, a tattoo parlor, zip lines, a wrestling ring, restaurants, dozens of stores, hundreds of cabins for rent, and parking for thousands of motorcycles. It was open from late March/early April until mid-November (weather permitting), and was busiest during the annual week-long Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. Each year, the first full week of August marks the beginning of the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, during which time, the Saloon could average 20,000 guests each night.", "title": "Full Throttle Saloon" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Meade National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Sturgis in Meade County, South Dakota. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses . It is maintained by Black Hills National Cemetery.", "title": "Fort Meade National Cemetery" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sturgis Motorcycle Rally Motorcycles lined up on Main Street during the Sturgis motorcycle rally. Genre Motorcycle rally Dates First week in August Location (s) Sturgis, South Dakota, United States Founded August 14, 1938 (1938 - 08 - 14) Most recent August 4 - 13, 2017 Next event August 3 - 12, 2018 Attendance highest: 739,000 (2015) Website www.sturgismotorcyclerally.com", "title": "Sturgis Motorcycle Rally" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cave Hill Cemetery is a Victorian era National Cemetery and arboretum located at 701 Baxter Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Its main entrance is on Baxter Avenue and there is a secondary one on Grinstead Drive. It is the largest cemetery by area and number of burials in Louisville.", "title": "Cave Hill Cemetery" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clearwater 175 is an Indian reserve in Alberta. It is part of the Fort McMurray First Nation, located southeast of Fort McMurray. It had a population of 0 in the 2011 census.", "title": "Clearwater 175" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Grange Church and Cemetery is a historic Carpenter Gothic church and cemetery in Titusville, Florida, United States. It is located at 1575 Old Dixie Highway. On December 7, 1995, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "La Grange Church and Cemetery" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gracehill Moravian Church and Cemetery is a historic church and cemetery located southwest of Washington, Iowa, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In 1854 the Provincial Board of the Moravian Church provided the funds to Amos Miksch to buy a substantial amount of property to create a Moravian settlement. Lots of various sizes were sold to colony members. Gracehill was organized in 1866, and the church building was completed the next year.", "title": "Gracehill Moravian Church and Cemetery" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geelong Eastern Cemetery is a cemetery located in the city of Geelong, Victoria in Australia. The cemetery dates back to 1839.", "title": "Geelong Eastern Cemetery" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meppen is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States. Meppen is north of Brussels. St. Joseph's Cemetery is located in Meppen.", "title": "Meppen, Illinois" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettit Memorial Chapel or simply, Pettit Chapel, is one of the few chapels ever designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The Pettit Chapel is located in the Belvidere Cemetery in Belvidere, Illinois, United States, which is in Boone County. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1978. The chapel is an early example of Frank Lloyd Wright's famed Prairie style. It is one of only two structures meant for a cemetery settings that Wright ever created.", "title": "Pettit Memorial Chapel" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Woden Cemetery is the main cemetery in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located adjacent to the Woden Town Centre.", "title": "Woden Cemetery" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tim McNulty (born 1970) of County Meath, Republic of Ireland is a rally driver. Rallying in his Subaru Impreza S12B WRC, McNulty in the same 2011 season won both the Irish Tarmac Rally Championship and Ireland’s Dunlop National Rally in a historic motorsports first. In anticipation of the Todd’s Leap Ulster Rally earlier in the season, fellow rally driver Derrick McGarrity stated of McNulty “Tim is always a hard man to beat, very competitive and very committed, and he should have a slight advantage with his S12 Subaru which has the edge in power over the S11 I’m driving this time,”", "title": "Tim McNulty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cheras Christian Cemetery is the largest Christian Cemetery in Malaysia. The cemetery is located in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur and was opened in 1900. The cemetery has a capacity of 22,000 burial plots, all of which were full by January 2012. Near the cemetery is Cheras War Cemetery.", "title": "Cheras Christian Cemetery" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Snelling State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA, at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers. Its most notable feature is the historic Fort Snelling, which dates from 1820. The fort itself is operated by the Minnesota Historical Society and requires a separate entrance fee. The bulk of the state park preserves the bottomland forest, rivers, and backwater lakes below the river bluffs. The park was opened in 1962. Both the State Park and Historic Fort are part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, a National Park Service site.", "title": "Fort Snelling State Park" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lindenwood Cemetery is a cemetery operated by Dignity Memorial in Fort Wayne, Indiana, established in 1859. With over 69,000 graves and covering , it is one of the largest cemeteries in Indiana.", "title": "Lindenwood Cemetery" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit is one of Michigan's most important historic cemeteries. Located at 1200 Elmwood Street in Detroit's Eastside Historic Cemetery District, Elmwood is the oldest continuously operating, non-denominational cemetery in Michigan.", "title": "Elmwood Cemetery (Detroit, Michigan)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Austin Cemetery, in Austin, Nevada, United States, is a cemetery whose first known burials were in 1863. It consists of four cemetery sections: Masonic and Odd Fellows sections on the north of U.S. 50, and Calvary (Catholic) and \"Citizens\" sections on the south side. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.", "title": "Austin Cemetery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall is a Joint Base of the United States military that is located around Arlington, Virginia which is made up of Fort Myer (Arl), Fort McNair (SW DC), and Henderson Hall. It is the local residue of the Base Realignment and Closure, 2005 process. It is commanded by the United States Army but has resident commands of Army, Navy, & Marines. Most conspicuous is the Arlington National Cemetery Honor Guard.", "title": "Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall" } ]

[ { "answer": "South Dakota", "id": 129233, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "In which state is Fort Meade National Cemetery located?" }, { "answer": "August 3 - 12, 2018", "id": 89563, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "when is the sturgis #1 motorcycle rally" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shine on Harvest Moon, starring Ann Sheridan and Dennis Morgan, is a 1944 musical–biographical film of the vaudeville team of Nora Bayes and Jack Norworth who wrote the popular song \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\". The film was directed by David Butler. Ann Sheridan's singing voice was dubbed by Lynn Martin (the second and last time in her film career).", "title": "Shine On, Harvest Moon (1944 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``I See Fire ''is a song recorded and produced by English singer - songwriter Ed Sheeran. The song was commissioned for the soundtrack of the 2013 film The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, where it played over the closing credits. The Hobbit director, Peter Jackson, asked Sheeran to write a song for the movie, after Jackson's daughter, Katie, suggested Sheeran. Sheeran saw the film, wrote the song, and recorded most of the track elements on the same day.", "title": "I See Fire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright\" is a song written by Paul Simon that was originally released on Simon & Garfunkel's 1970 album \"Bridge over Troubled Water\". It has since been released on several Simon & Garfunkel compilation albums. It has also been recorded by the London Pops Orchestra and Joe Chindamo trio. Art Garfunkel has stated that the origin of the song came from his request that Paul Simon write a song about the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright while Simon has stated that he wrote the song, despite not knowing who Wright was. Garfunkel sings lead on the majority of the song while Simon sings on the bridge.", "title": "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Last Song\" is the second single from Elton John's 1992 album, \"The One\". It was composed by John, with lyrics provided by Bernie Taupin. \"The Last Song\" marked the first of John's American singles to benefit his AIDS foundation. Taupin faxed the lyrics to him in Paris, shortly after Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury died the previous year. \"I was crying all the time as I wrote the music\", John told \"The Advocate\", \"and it was very hard for me to sing it\". The song tells of an estranged father coming to terms with the sexuality of his gay son, who is dying of an AIDS-related illness. Originally titled \"Song for 1992\", it was renamed to avoid dating it.", "title": "The Last Song (Elton John song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maejor received his first gold plaque for his production on Bun B's 2005 album \"Trill\", while still attending the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In 2010, Maejor was nominated for a Grammy Award, for his work on Trey Songz's album \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\", and again in 2011, for Monica's album, \"Still Standing\". In 2012, Maejor produced two songs on Justin Bieber's album, \"Believe\", as well as the single \"Say Somethin\" by Austin Mahone. Maejor's single \"Lights Down Low\" was used as the official soundtrack in the NBA Playoffs for the Boston Celtics. He also produced the national campaign commercial for Pepsi in 2010 and 2013. He teamed with Justin Bieber again in 2013, co-producing his single \"Heartbreaker\". In 2013, Maejor also released a single titled \"Lolly\", featuring Juicy J. \"Lolly\" which peaked at number 19 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. He continues to produce and write for the top artists in the industry including 3 songs and Grammy nominations on Justin Bieber's worldwide #1 album \"Purpose\".", "title": "Maejor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Almost Home\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. It is the main track from the 2013 Walt Disney Pictures film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\". Commissioned by Disney, Simone Porter, Justin Gray, and Lindsey Ray wrote the bulk of the record. When Carey signed on to sing the song, she and Stargate's Tor Erik Hermansen and Mikkel Eriksen would later change it a bit and ultimately, complete it. On February 6, 2013, it was announced that Mariah Carey had recorded the song for the Disney film with production team Stargate, and that it would be released through digital download on February 19, 2013.", "title": "Almost Home (Mariah Carey song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``John Jacob Jingleheimer Schmidt ''is a traditional children's song that originates from the United States. The song consists of one verse repeated over and over again while increasing in volume for each iteration. There are other ways of singing this song such as increasing (accelerando) or decreasing (ritardando) in tempo after each repetition. The lyrics of the song depend on who is singing.", "title": "John Jacob Jingleheimer Schmidt" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 9, 2013, Bieber announced that the ten Music Monday releases would be packaged with an additional five new songs in a compilation entitled Complete My Journals. Although the album was initially set for release on December 16, 2013, the date was pushed back one week to December 23, as Bieber intended to include one more song on the compilation. Though it does not appear on the album itself, the bonus track, ``Flatline '', was available for a free download on the iTunes Store for a limited time. Journals was available on iTunes from January 2, 2014, and all sixteen songs are available for purchase individually. According to one of its producers and Bieber's personal friend, Jason`` Poo Bear'' Boyd, the album was supposed to receive a full release, as well as its singles to be promoted on radio, however the label did n't support it because it was n't the direction they wanted Justin to go. It was, however, eventually released on LP in 2016.", "title": "Journals (album)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Troelsen (born 6 October 1981) is a Danish singer, songwriter, and producer from Skive. Troelsen has written and produced songs for Pitbull, Flo Rida, Justin Bieber, David Guetta, Lil Wayne, Nile Rodgers, Jason Derulo, Charlie Puth, Chris Brown, Afrojack, Akon, Meghan Trainor, SHINee, NCT Dream and Junior Senior.", "title": "Thomas Troelsen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justin Drew Bieber (/ ˈbiːbər /; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World, in late 2009. It was certified Platinum in the U.S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full - length studio album, My World 2.0, in 2010. It debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple Platinum in the U.S., and contained his single ``Baby ''.", "title": "Justin Bieber" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Artist Total streams (billions) Country 1. Francesca Michielin 17.1 ITA 2. Justin Bieber 11 CAN As of July 27, 2018", "title": "List of most-streamed artists on Spotify" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Beibs in the Trap ''(stylized as`` beibs in the trap'') is a song recorded by American rapper Travis Scott featuring Canadian rapper Nav. The track appeared on Scott's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, which was released on September 2, 2016. ``Beibs in the Trap ''is a reference to cocaine, comparing the pure white substance to the Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "title": "Beibs in the Trap" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul ``Fred ''Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, and accompanying herself on the guitar, while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.", "title": "Moon River" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Sissy's Song\" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in March 2009 as the fourth single from his album \"Good Time\", and his fifty-sixth single release overall (and to date his last solo top ten hit). Jackson wrote the song after the sudden death of a housekeeper that worked at his house.", "title": "Sissy's Song" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single ``Friends ''with American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. Songwriters Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single`` Sorry'' in 2015 on his studio album Purpose. Bieber did not attend the 2018 Grammy Awards Show to perform the nominated song ``Despacito '', claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.", "title": "Justin Bieber" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Overly Attached Girlfriend, often abbreviated to OAG, is a fictional character and an Internet meme originating in a viral YouTube video published on June 6, 2012. The character was created by Laina Morris (born June 22, 1991), better known mononymously as Laina. The video was a submission to a contest held by Justin Bieber who challenged fans to create a ``Girlfriend ''counterpart to his hit song`` Boyfriend''. The video, which satirized elements of the Bieber song that have been perceived as clingy, featured Morris staring at the camera with a fixed smile while singing about Facebook - stalking her boyfriend and other themes.", "title": "Overly Attached Girlfriend" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``What Do You Mean? ''is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason`` Poo Bear'' Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. ``What Do You Mean? ''is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and`` slick beat'' elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while Bieber uses a smooth, soulful vocal. Lyrically, ``What Do You Mean? ''describes not being able to figure out the opposite sex with Bieber asking a girl why her body language is conflicting with her words.", "title": "What Do You Mean?" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I'm the One ''is a song written and recorded by American musician DJ Khaled featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber and American rappers Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne. The song was released on April 28, 2017 by We the Best and Epic Records as the second single from Khaled's tenth studio album Grateful.", "title": "I'm the One (DJ Khaled song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This song was featured in the 1938 film Going Places starring Dick Powell, Anita Louise and Ronald Reagan. Louis Armstrong appears in the part of Gabriel, the trainer of a race horse named Jeepers Creepers. Jeepers Creepers is a very wild horse and can only be soothed enough to let someone ride him when Gabriel plays the song ``Jeepers Creepers ''on his trumpet or sings it to him. Gabriel wrote the song specifically for the horse. (The phrase`` jeepers creepers'', a slang expression and minced oath euphemism for Jesus Christ, predates both the song and film.)", "title": "Jeepers Creepers (song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Purpose World Tour is the third worldwide tour by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was in support of his fourth studio album Purpose (2015). The tour started on March 9, 2016 in Seattle and ended on July 2, 2017 in London, England.", "title": "Purpose World Tour" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ed Sheeran", "id": 55054, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "who sings the last song in the hobbit 2" }, { "answer": "``Love Yourself ''", "id": 63489, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "what song did #1 wrote for justin bieber" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to \"drive them from the frontiers of China.\" However, after Altan Khan (1507–1582)—leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes—made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573. This provided the Chinese with a new supply of horses that the Mongols had in excess; it was also a relief to the Ming, since they were unable to stop the Mongols from periodic raiding. Laird says that despite the fact that later Mongols believed Altan forced the Ming to view him as an equal, Chinese historians argue that he was simply a loyal Chinese citizen. By 1578, Altan Khan formed a formidable Mongol-Tibetan alliance with the Gelug that the Ming viewed from afar without intervention.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In China, urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more complex. Large urban centers, such as Nanjing and Beijing, also contributed to the growth of private industry. In particular, small-scale industries grew up, often specializing in paper, silk, cotton, and porcelain goods. For the most part, however, relatively small urban centers with markets proliferated around the country. Town markets mainly traded food, with some necessary manufactures such as pins or oil. Despite the xenophobia and intellectual introspection characteristic of the increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism, China under the early Ming dynasty was not isolated. Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Japan, increased considerably. Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching East Africa with the treasure voyages of Zheng He.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that \"these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet,\" despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet. Yiu Yung-chin states that the furthest western extent of the Ming dynasty's territory was Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan while \"the Ming did not possess Tibet.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this \"tribute-related trade\" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses—while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants—\"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet\". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021–1086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qing Lord, in his impatience to see both Wu - Tang and Shaolin destroyed, admits his true motives, and his role in Yan - ling and Master Law's deaths. Tat - chi and Ming - kai must then combine Shaolin Chin kang fist and Wu - Tang Sword style to defeat him.", "title": "Shaolin and Wu Tang" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire \"Jiu Han jun\" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s. This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ng Fung Hong was founded in Hong Kong in 1951 as \"a modest trading agent in Bonham Strand\". Two decades later it became part of mainland giant China Resources, and is now a vertically integrated food enterprise \"under the auspices of China's Ministry of [Commerce]\".", "title": "Ng Fung Hong" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the \"Son of Heaven\" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After conquering \"China proper\", the Manchus identified their state as \"China\" (中國, Zhōngguó; \"Middle Kingdom\"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means \"central\" or \"middle,\" gurun means \"nation\" or \"state\"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as \"China\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that \"China\" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of \"China.\" They used both \"China\" and \"Qing\" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as \"China\" or the \"Chinese Empire\") and foreign affairs, and \"Chinese language\" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and \"Chinese people\" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used \"Qing\" and \"China\" interchangeably.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, civil, military, and censorate, or surveillance. Each province was administered by a governor (巡撫, xunfu) and a provincial military commander (提督, tidu). Below the province were prefectures (府, fu) operating under a prefect (知府, zhīfǔ), followed by subprefectures under a subprefect. The lowest unit was the county, overseen by a county magistrate. The eighteen provinces are also known as \"China proper\". The position of viceroy or governor-general (總督, zongdu) was the highest rank in the provincial administration. There were eight regional viceroys in China proper, each usually took charge of two or three provinces. The Viceroy of Zhili, who was responsible for the area surrounding the capital Beijing, is usually considered as the most honorable and powerful viceroy among the eight.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a \"mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron,\" respectively. He adds that \"Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state.\"", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e] In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations. The Grand Secretariat,[f] which had been an important policy-making body under the Ming, lost its importance during the Qing and evolved into an imperial chancery. The institutions which had been inherited from the Ming formed the core of the Qing \"Outer Court,\" which handled routine matters and was located in the southern part of the Forbidden City.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nanjing Museum () is located in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in East China. With an area of , it is one of the largest museums in China. The museum has over 400,000 items in its permanent collection, making it one of the largest in China. Especially notable is the museum's enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world.", "title": "Nanjing Museum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles was appointed as the Lieutenant Governor of the British colony at Bencoolen. He was determined that Great Britain should replace the Netherlands as the dominant power in the archipelago, since the trade route between China and British India, which had become vitally important with the institution of the opium trade with China, passed through the archipelago. The Dutch had been stifling British trade in the region by prohibiting the British from operating in Dutch-controlled ports or by subjecting them to a high tariff. Raffles hoped to challenge the Dutch by establishing a new port along the Straits of Malacca, the main ship passageway for the India-China trade. He needed a third port since the British only had the ports of Penang and Bencoolen. The port had to be strategically located along the main trade route between India and China and in the middle of the Malay Archipelago. He convinced Lord Hastings, the Governor-General of India and his superior at the British East India Company, to fund an expedition to seek a new British base in the region.", "title": "History of Singapore" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Forbidden City is a palace complex in central Beijing, China. The former Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty -- the years 1420 to 1912, it now houses the Palace Museum. The Forbidden City served as the home of emperors and their households as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government for almost 500 years.", "title": "Forbidden City" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tibet", "id": 864, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who did the Ming trade horses with?" }, { "answer": "mid-18th century", "id": 36842, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "When did #1 become part of Qing China?" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Logan Lee Long (September 28, 1878 – September 30, 1933) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1915 to 1927. He died in an accident in 1933.", "title": "Logan Long" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alphonso Deal (April 15, 1923 – June 3, 1987) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He was president of the North Philadelphia \"Action\" Branch of the NAACP.", "title": "Alphonso Deal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Marshall (September 24, 1755 -- July 6, 1835) was an American politician and the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801 -- 1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say he made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 and, at the age of 45, became the last of the chief justices to be born in Colonial America.", "title": "John Marshall" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riffe has been honored by several state agencies in Ohio. The Vernal Riffe Chair, a professorship in government at The Ohio State University is named after him. Ohio State's Department of Biochemistry is housed in the Vernal G. Riffe Building. The Vern Riffe Center for Government and the Arts, located across High Street from the Ohio Statehouse in Downtown Columbus, provides office space for the Governor of Ohio, members of the Ohio House of Representatives and many state agencies. The Vern Riffe Center for the Arts in Portsmouth is located at Shawnee State University.", "title": "Vern Riffe" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931.", "title": "114th United States Congress" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fester Hollow is a tributary of West Branch Briar Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is long.", "title": "Fester Hollow" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nordfjorden is a northern branch of the fjord Isfjorden at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between Bohemanneset and Kapp Thordsen, and branches further into the fjords Ekmanfjorden and Dicksonfjorden. The 30 kilometer long glacier Sveabreen debouches into the fjord.", "title": "Nordfjorden (Svalbard)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Long Branch Variety Show is a western saloon show presented in the Long Branch Saloon located at Boot Hill Museum, a non-profit entertainment and museum theme park, in Dodge City, Kansas.", "title": "Long Branch Variety Show" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Plan proposed a legislative branch consisting of two chambers (bicameral legislature), with the dual principles of rotation in office and recall applied to the lower house of the national legislature. Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their ``Quotas of contribution, or to the number of free inhabitants. ''States with a large population, like Virginia (which was the most populous state at the time), would thus have more representatives than smaller states. Large states supported this plan, and smaller states generally opposed it, preferring an alternative put forward on June 15. The New Jersey Plan proposed a single - chamber legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would have one vote, as under the Articles of Confederation. In the end, the convention settled on the Connecticut Compromise, creating a House of Representatives apportioned by population and a Senate in which each state is equally represented.", "title": "Virginia Plan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, Parliament (consisting of the Sovereign (King-in-Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. The executive branch acted in the name of the King (\"His Majesty's Government\"), as did the judiciary. The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the House of Commons. One minister, the Lord Chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the Court of Chancery and the presiding officer in the House of Lords. Therefore, it may be seen that the three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other. Some U.S. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government \"separate and distinct.\"", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Hundred Fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1997, to January 3, 1999, during the fifth and sixth years of Bill Clinton's presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty - first Census of the United States in 1990. Both chambers had a Republican majority. President Clinton was impeached by the US House of Representatives of the 105th Congress.", "title": "105th United States Congress" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Bell Jr. (August 23, 1828 – July 16, 1902) was a Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Ohio who held many local offices, served in the Ohio House of Representatives, and was Ohio Secretary of State 1875-1877.", "title": "William Bell Jr." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) set the voting age for federal and state elections at 18 years, but does not prevent states from establishing a lower voting age. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Constitution of Missouri, the fourth constitution for the state, was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government: the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The legislative branch consists of two bodies: the House of Representatives and the Senate. These bodies comprise the Missouri General Assembly.", "title": "Missouri" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.", "title": "44th United States Congress" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Marshall (September 24, 1755 -- July 6, 1835) was an American politician. He was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801 -- 1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say he made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 and, at the age of 45, became the last of the chief justices to be born in Colonial America.", "title": "John Marshall" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 26th Amendment (passed and ratified in 1971) prevents states from setting a voting age higher than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that ``The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. ''and`` The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.''", "title": "Voting age" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies.", "title": "Kansas House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dogg After Dark is an American variety show starring rapper Snoop Dogg on MTV. The series debuted on February 17, 2009 and features celebrity interviews, sketch-comedy segments and musical performances by Snoop's own in-house band, the \"Snoopadelics.\" Dogg After Dark takes place on location at Kress, a Los Angeles club on Hollywood Boulevard.", "title": "Dogg After Dark" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Hundred Fifteenth United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It meets in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of the Obama presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. The November 2016 elections maintained Republican control of both the House and Senate.", "title": "115th United States Congress" } ]

[ { "answer": "Kansas", "id": 129394, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "In which state is Long Branch Variety Show located?" }, { "answer": "125 state representatives", "id": 51957, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "how many house of representatives are there in #1" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Darwin Medal is awarded by the Royal Society every alternate year for \"work of acknowledged distinction in the broad area of biology in which Charles Darwin worked, notably in evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity\". First awarded in 1890, it was created in memory of Charles Darwin and is presented with a £2000 prize (as of 2016).", "title": "Darwin Medal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katja Višnar (born 21 March 1984) is a Slovenian cross-country skier who has competed since 2001. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she finished 11th in the team sprint, 15th in the 4 x 5 km relay, and 16th in the individual sprint events.", "title": "Katja Višnar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Katja Brandner is a fictional character on German daytime soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (\"Forbidden Love\"). The character was portrayed by actress Diana Frank from January 15, 2008 to January 5, 2009.", "title": "Katja Brandner" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.", "title": "Julia Mendes" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nathalie Brandner (née Käppler, formerly von Lahnstein) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is portrayed by actress Jenny Winkler. She first appeared on 12 November 2004 and had her final appearance on 14 December 2010.", "title": "Nathalie Brandner" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jana von Lahnstein (\"née\" Brandner) is a fictional character in the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe\" (\"Forbidden Love\"). The character was played by the actress Friederike Sipp from 1 October 2002 to 21 March 2005. The character was recast with Vanessa Jung, who played the role from 23 March 2005 to 20 February 2008.", "title": "Jana von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Interview is a 2003 Dutch drama film, directed by Theo van Gogh, starring Katja Schuurman and Pierre Bokma. The film is about a war correspondent having an interview with a soap opera actress.", "title": "Interview (2003 film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Turner is a radio producer for the BBC. He is one of the co-creators of the BBC Radio 4 panel show \"The Museum of Curiosity\", along with John Lloyd, who also presents the series, and Dan Schreiber, who co-produces the series with Turner. He also worked as script editor for the BBC Radio 7 series \"The Penny Dreadfuls Present...\".", "title": "Richard Turner (producer)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leigh Carol McClusky is an Australian journalist and presenter who has previously worked for Channel 7 in Adelaide. She held the role of presenter of Today Tonight South Australia from 30 January 1995 to 17 August 2007.", "title": "Leigh McClusky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthias Brandner is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor and entertainer Thomas Ohrner. He made his first appearance on screen on 15 January 2008 and had his final appearance on 14 December 2010.", "title": "Matthias Brandner" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Brandner is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor Sven Koller from September 11, 2008 to June 15, 2010.", "title": "David Brandner" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial - era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. Additionally Rail Budget, presented separately for 92 Years, merged with union budget.", "title": "Union budget of India" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ulrika Eriksson (born 12 July 1973) is a Swedish television presenter and model. Eriksson has worked for MTV Europe, TV3 and TV4 as a presenter for several shows like Silikon, Spårlöst, Äntligen trädgård, Rampfeber and the morning news show Nyhetsmorgon. She also presented the music award show Grammisgalan in 2006.", "title": "Ulrika Eriksson" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fabian Brandner is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by Shai Hoffmann from January 22, 2008 to August 14, 2008 and in guest appearances from January 12, 2009 to January 22, 2009.", "title": "Fabian Brandner" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Night of Enitharmon's Joy, often referred as The Triple Hecate or simply Hecate, is a 1795 work of art by the English artist and poet William Blake which depicts Enitharmon, a female character in his mythology, or Hecate, a chthonic Greco-Roman goddess of magic and the underworld. The work presents a nightmarish scene with fantastic creatures.", "title": "The Night of Enitharmon's Joy" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vertov's feature film, produced by the film studio VUFKU, presents urban life in the Soviet cities of Kiev, Kharkov, Moscow and Odessa. It has no actors. From dawn to dusk Soviet citizens are shown at work and at play, and interacting with the machinery of modern life. To the extent that it can be said to have \"characters\", they are the cameramen of the title, the film editor, and the modern Soviet Union they discover and present in the film.", "title": "Man with a Movie Camera" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katja Trödthandl (born 18 May 1989) is an Austrian footballer who plays as a midfielder for SV Neulengbach and the Austria national team. She previously played in the Spanish First Division for Valencia CF. Prior to this she had a first spell in the ÖFB-Frauenliga with SV Neulengbach, whom she also represented in the European Cup, and two spells with USC Landhaus. She made her debut for the Austrian national team in September 2006 against the Netherlands.", "title": "Katja Trödthandl" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He now works as an assistant and goalkeeper coach for Bidvest Wits and has also been a co-presenter with SuperSport.", "title": "Andre Arendse" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Julian Marshall is a British journalist and radio broadcaster working for the BBC. Marshall is one of the main presenters of \"Newshour\" on the BBC World Service.", "title": "Julian Marshall (journalist)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Verbotene Liebe", "id": 466164, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Katja Brandner >> present in work" }, { "answer": "Reg Watson", "id": 107869, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "Who is #1 by?" } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "This list contains the top 50 accounts with the most followers on the social photo - sharing platform Instagram. As of October 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 260 million followers. Cristiano Ronaldo is the most followed individual, with over 144 million followers. Twelve accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.", "title": "List of most-followed Instagram accounts" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Woodside, Dudley, Edwards signed for Manchester United as a teenager and went on to become the youngest player to play in the Football League First Division and at the time the youngest England player since the Second World War, going on to play 18 times for his country at top level. In a professional career of less than five years he helped United to win two Football League championships and two FA Charity Shields, and reach the semi-finals of the European Cup.", "title": "Duncan Edwards" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 1 September 2008, the final day of the Premier League summer transfer window, Robinho completed a €41–42 million (£32.5M) move to Manchester City on a four-year deal. This occurred on the same day the club was bought out by the Arab investment company Abu Dhabi United Group.Robinho had previously been linked with a transfer to Chelsea, and he had emphasised his desire to play for the London club up to the eve of the transfer. On 27 August, Chelsea chief executive Peter Kenyon said that the club were \"confident\" that the transaction would go through, and Madrid had also given their consent for the player to leave. Robinho's expectancy to move to Chelsea was such that upon signing for Manchester City he accidentally stated, \"On the last day, Chelsea made a great proposal and I accepted.\" To this comment, a reporter then replied, \"You mean Manchester, right?\" \"Yeah, Manchester, sorry!\" answered Robinho.In an interview with The Guardian, Robinho stated that Manchester City being a big club and the presence of Brazilian friends Jô and Elano were incentives for him to join the team. He made his team debut and scored his first Premier League goal on 13 September 2008, coincidentally in a 3–1 home defeat to Chelsea.", "title": "Robinho" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "List of Premier League players with 500 or more appearances Rank Player Premier League Club (s) Appearances Barry, Gareth Gareth Barry Aston Villa, Manchester City, Everton, West Bromwich Albion 649 Giggs, Ryan Ryan Giggs Manchester United 632 Lampard, Frank Frank Lampard West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City 609 James, David David James Liverpool, Aston Villa, West Ham United, Manchester City, Portsmouth 572 Speed, Gary Gary Speed Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United, Bolton Wanderers 535 6 Heskey, Emile Emile Heskey Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa 516 7 Schwarzer, Mark Mark Schwarzer Middlesbrough, Fulham, Chelsea, Leicester City 514 8 Carragher, Jamie Jamie Carragher Liverpool 508 9 Neville, Phil Phil Neville Manchester United, Everton 505 10 Gerrard, Steven Steven Gerrard Liverpool 504 10 Ferdinand, Rio Rio Ferdinand West Ham United, Leeds United, Manchester United, Queens Park Rangers 504 12 Campbell, Sol Sol Campbell Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal, Portsmouth, Newcastle United 503", "title": "List of Premier League players" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18), and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of May 2016, they are one of only six teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City and Leicester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.", "title": "Arsenal F.C." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The longest - serving and most successful person to manage Manchester United is Sir Alex Ferguson, who won 13 Premier League titles, five FA Cups, four League Cups, 10 Community Shields, two UEFA Champions League titles, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup in his managerial reign of more than 26 years.", "title": "List of Manchester United F.C. managers" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cristiano Ronaldo GOIH, ComM Ronaldo at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Full name Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro Date of birth (1985 - 02 - 05) 5 February 1985 (age 32) Place of birth Funchal, Madeira, Portugal Height 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) Playing position Forward Club information Current team Real Madrid Number 7 Youth career 1992 -- 1995 Andorinha 1995 -- 1997 Nacional 1997 -- 2002 Sporting CP Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2002 -- 2003 Sporting CP B (0) 2002 -- 2003 Sporting CP 25 (3) 2003 -- 2009 Manchester United 196 (84) 2009 -- Real Madrid 270 (286) National team 2001 Portugal U15 9 (7) 2001 -- 2002 Portugal U17 7 (5) 2003 Portugal U20 5 (1) 2002 -- 2003 Portugal U21 10 (3) Portugal U23 (2) 2003 -- Portugal 147 (79) Honours (show) Representing Portugal UEFA European Championship Winner 2016 France Runner - up 2004 Portugal 2012 Poland & Ukraine FIFA Confederations Cup 2017 Russia * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 23: 00, 22 October 2017 (UTC). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 22: 40, 10 October 2017 (UTC)", "title": "Cristiano Ronaldo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This list of most liked Instagram pictures contains the top 10 posts with the most likes of all time on the social photo - sharing platform Instagram. Like counts are based on the Instagram website. As of 1 February 2017, the most liked picture on Instagram is Beyoncé's twin pregnancy announcement with over 11 million likes. American actress and singer Selena Gomez appears the most in the list, with 7 pictures out of 10.", "title": "List of most-liked Instagram posts" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Six clubs have won the title: Manchester United (13 times), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers and Leicester City; Manchester United was the first club to win the league three consecutive seasons in a row twice (1998 -- 99 to 2000 -- 01 & 2006 -- 07 to 2008 -- 09) and Arsenal was the only team to go an entire season without a single defeat in 2003 -- 04. The record number of points accumulated by a team is 100 by Manchester City, who won the Premier League in 2017 -- 18. Crystal Palace, Norwich and Sunderland have been relegated the most times (4) while Derby County accumulated the lowest ever points total with 11 in the 2007 -- 08 season. 16 top goalscorers from 11 different clubs have been awarded the Premier League Golden Boot. Andy Cole and Alan Shearer scored 34 goals in a 42 - game season -- the most in a Premier League season, Mohamed Salah holds the record in a 38 - game season with 32. Dutchman Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink was the first foreigner to win the award outright in 2000 -- 01 having shared the accolade with Dwight Yorke of Trinidad and Tobago in 1998 -- 99.", "title": "List of Premier League seasons" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 -- December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977, following the resignation of Richard Nixon. Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States, following the resignation of Spiro Agnew. He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office. Before his appointment to the vice presidency, Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader.", "title": "Gerald Ford" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silk is a British television drama series produced by the BBC which was broadcast over three series on BBC One between 22 February 2011 and 31 March 2014. Created by Peter Moffat, the series follows the daily goings on of Shoe Lane Chambers and its members in their personal and professional lives.", "title": "Silk (TV series)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea. A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.", "title": "Arsenal F.C." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beauty School Cop Outs is a British reality television series based in Manchester, England and broadcast on MTV. The show premiered on 29 October 2013 and follows British and Irish youngsters as they move to a beauty school in Manchester to learn the tricks of the trade.", "title": "Beauty School Cop Outs" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manchester Center is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Manchester in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,120, out of 4,391 people in the entire town of Manchester.", "title": "Manchester Center, Vermont" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manchester United hold the record for the most victories, winning the competition 21 times since its inception. They also hold the distinction of having the most appearances (30) and most losses (9). Although the Shield has had its share of historical moments -- from Eric Cantona's first career hat - trick in 1992, to Manchester United's first loss of 1999 ending a streak of 33 consecutive games without a defeat -- it has been dismissed as a ceremonial friendly that is not on par with other domestic honours in terms of prestige. Winning the Shield has proven to be an unreliable indicator of success in the forthcoming season. Since the establishment of the Premier League in 1992, only seven clubs that won the Shield proceeded to become League champions in the same season, the last being Manchester United in 2010 -- 11. Indeed, Gianluca Vialli was sacked only weeks after guiding Chelsea to the victory in the 2000 match, following a lacklustre start to the season. The current holders are Arsenal, who defeated Chelsea in a penalty shootout after a 1 -- 1 draw in the 2017 edition.", "title": "List of FA Community Shield matches" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Douglas Frederick \"Doug\" Manchester (born June 3, 1942) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is the former chairman of Manchester Financial Group, past chairman and publisher of \"The San Diego Union-Tribune\", and nominee to become United States Ambassador to the Bahamas. Manchester, who prefers to be called \"Papa Doug\", has built some of the tallest hotels and office buildings in San Diego, including the San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina and the Manchester Grand Hyatt, and is credited as a driving force behind the development of the San Diego Convention Center. Manchester also built the triple 5-star Grand Del Mar Resort & Spa, which sold to Fairmont Hotels & Resorts in 2015, and he maintains a minority ownership. In addition, Manchester built the Torrey Executive Centre, Manchester Financial Building, Whitetail Lodge and Golf Club, and is currently building the Fairmont Austin Hotel in Austin, Texas.", "title": "Doug Manchester" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William George Roughton (11 May 1909 – 7 June 1989) was a professional footballer who played for Huddersfield Town and Manchester United in the 1930s and was subsequently manager of Exeter City and Southampton.", "title": "George Roughton" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "List of Premier League players with 500 or more appearances Rank Player Premier League Club (s) Appearances Gareth Barry Aston Villa, Manchester City, Everton, West Bromwich Albion 653 Ryan Giggs Manchester United 632 Frank Lampard West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City 609 David James Liverpool, Aston Villa, West Ham United, Manchester City, Portsmouth 572 Gary Speed Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United, Bolton Wanderers 535 6 Emile Heskey Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa 516 7 Mark Schwarzer Middlesbrough, Fulham, Chelsea, Leicester City 514 8 Jamie Carragher Liverpool 508 9 Phil Neville Manchester United, Everton 505 10 Steven Gerrard Liverpool 504 10 Rio Ferdinand West Ham United, Leeds United, Manchester United, Queens Park Rangers 504 12 Sol Campbell Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal, Portsmouth, Newcastle United 503", "title": "List of Premier League players" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live in the UK 2008 is a live album by American rock band Paramore. The album is limited edition, with only a small number released featuring 3 live performances in Manchester, Brixton and Birmingham. It is believed that only 1000 copies of this release were made. Originally, there was going to be an option at each of the concerts to choose which live album could be bought. This was changed to only the Manchester live album being available at each of the dates. Brixton and Birmingham live albums had to be bought by February 5.", "title": "Live in the UK 2008" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Planners is a British television documentary series broadcast on BBC Two. It follows the work of local planning officers in the United Kingdom, including planners in Cheshire, Greater Manchester, the Scottish Borders and Gloucestershire.", "title": "The Planners" } ]

[ { "answer": "Cristiano Ronaldo", "id": 78229, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "whos the person with the most followers on instagram" }, { "answer": "2003", "id": 93263, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did #1 go to manchester united" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Towanda is a borough and the county seat of Bradford County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located northwest of Wilkes-Barre, on the Susquehanna River. The name means \"burial ground\" in the Algonquian language. Settled in 1784 and incorporated in 1828, Towanda was once known primarily for its industrial interests, which included flour, planing and silk mills, a foundry and machine shop, dye works, and manufacturers of talking machines, cut glass, toys and furniture. The population in 1900 was 4,663 and 4,281 in 1910. As of the 2010 census the population of Towanda was 2,919.", "title": "Towanda, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Madsen Peel (1820–1900) was a founder, first blacksmith, and civic leader of Mount Pleasant, Utah. A replica of his blacksmith shop is located next to the Relic Hall in Mt. Pleasant, including a working forge.", "title": "Peter Madsen Peel" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In northern Galicia, the A Coruña-Ferrol metropolitan area has become increasingly dominant in terms of population. The population of the city of A Coruña in 1900 was 43,971. The population of the rest of the province including the City and Naval Station of nearby Ferrol and Santiago de Compostela was 653,556. A Coruña's growth occurred after the Spanish Civil War at the same speed as other major Galician cities, but it was the arrival of democracy in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco when A Coruña left all the other Galician cities behind.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ålvik is a village in the municipality of Kvam in Hordaland county, Norway. The village \"urban area\" consists of the settlements of Ytre Ålvik og Indre Ålvik (outer and inner Ålvik) and Vikadal. The settlements are located on either side of a ridge with Vikadal in between. Indre Ålvik has been heavily industrialised since the early 1900s, when Bjølvefossen A/S was established. The village lies along the Ålvik bay on the northern shore of the Hardangerfjord. The village has a population (2013) of 488, giving the village a population density of . Ålvik Church is located in the village.", "title": "Ålvik" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "From fewer than 6,120 white settlers in 1850, Minnesota's official population grew to over 1.7 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15 percent increase in population, reaching 3.4 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11 percent to 3.8 million in 1970, and an average of 9 percent over the next three decades to 4.9 million in the 2000 Census.The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of Minnesota was 5,611,179 on July 1, 2018, a 5.79 percent increase since the 2010 United States Census. The rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's center of population is in Hennepin County.As of the 2010 Census, the population of Minnesota was 5,303,925. The gender makeup of the state was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. 24.2% of the population were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older.The table below shows the racial composition of Minnesota's population as of 2017.", "title": "Minnesota" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration.", "title": "Bern" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long - standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the mortality rate in many countries by improved sanitation and medical advances, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the Green Revolution.", "title": "World population" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demaine is a hamlet in the southwest Coteau Hills region of Saskatchewan, Canada. Demaine was named after Frank Demaine who settled in the region in the early 1900s with several other families. Demaine is located in the Rural Municipality of Victory No. 226.", "title": "Demaine, Saskatchewan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cheras Christian Cemetery is the largest Christian Cemetery in Malaysia. The cemetery is located in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur and was opened in 1900. The cemetery has a capacity of 22,000 burial plots, all of which were full by January 2012. Near the cemetery is Cheras War Cemetery.", "title": "Cheras Christian Cemetery" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon her husband's death from tuberculosis in 1891, Martha Foote Crow left Grinnell to become assistant professor of English literature at the University of Chicago. In 1900, she became dean of women at Northwestern University. While at Northwestern, she participated in the formation of an association of deans of women, organizing the 1903 Conference of Deans of Women of the Middle West.", "title": "Martha Foote Crow" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabethtown (Pennsylvania Dutch: \"Betzischteddel\") is a borough in Lancaster County, southeast of Harrisburg. Small factories existed at the turn of the 20th century when the population in 1900 was 1,861. There was a slight increase in the next decade, with 1,970 people living in Elizabethtown in 1910. As of the 2000 census, the population of the borough was 11,887. Elizabethtown is commonly referred to in south-central Pennsylvania as \"E-Town.\" This nickname is also used for the local college and high school.", "title": "Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis Grenville \"Lou\" Abell (July 21, 1884 – October 25, 1962) was an American rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, which was also the location of his death.", "title": "Louis Abell" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tathlina Lake is a large, shallow lake, located in the Northwest Territories, Canada. An outcropping of the Kakisa Formation occurs along the side of this lake.", "title": "Tathlina Lake" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, this species declined because of overhunting, but population recovery has taken place following enforcement of hunting regulations. Management in the late 1900s was mostly conservative hunting quotas to foster recovery and recolonization from the historic declines. The current world population of muskoxen is estimated at between 80,000 and 125,000, with an estimated 47,000 living on Banks Island.", "title": "Muskox" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Padus Vallis is a valley in the Memnonia quadrangle on Mars that empties into the Medusa Fossae Formation. It is located at 4.6° S and 150.1° W. It is 46.0 km long and was named for the classical name for modern Po Valley in Italy. Padus Vallis is one of many valleys that empty into the Medusae Fossae Formation.", "title": "Padus Vallis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Celestiial is a funeral doom metal band from Minnesota. Initially consisting only of Tanner R. Anderson (vocals, harp, guitars), the band was later joined by Jason William Walton (bass) and Timothy Glenn (percussion). Celestiial is known for using numerous instruments in its music, combining traditional folk instruments with those more typically used in metal music, as well as sampling the sounds of the natural world. Celestiial's music is intended to evoke images of the natural world.", "title": "Celestiial" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vinište is a small village in North Bulgaria, north of Montana, Bulgaria. The village is located in the foothills of the Balkan Mountains and has a population of 400 people. Near Vinište there is a formation of rocks called \"Kamiko\". The village name reflects the good conditions in the region for cultivating grapes and making wine (Bulgarian \"vino\", English \"wine\").", "title": "Vinishte, Bulgaria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stoneham is an unincorporated community in Grimes County, Texas, United States. The town was once a part of a colony operated by Stephen F. Austin and by 1900, the population grew to 250. Although a ghost town by 1970, the town has since grown in population.", "title": "Stoneham, Texas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ada is a township in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. Its population during the 2000 Census was 60, and was estimated at 52 in 2009. Its population in 1900 was 232.", "title": "Ada Township, Dickey County, North Dakota" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casa Calvet () is a building, designed by Antoni Gaudí for a textile manufacturer which served as both a commercial property (in the basement and on the ground floor) and a residence. It is located at Carrer de Casp 48, Eixample district of Barcelona. It was built between 1898 and 1900.", "title": "Casa Calvet" } ]

[ { "answer": "Minnesota", "id": 347539, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Celestiial >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "1.7 million", "id": 158749, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What was the population of #1 by 1900?" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Stranger in Mayfair, by Charles Finch, is a mystery set in Mayfair and surrounding neighborhoods in London, England during the Victorian era. It is the fourth novel in the Charles Lenox series.", "title": "A Stranger in Mayfair" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madame Moitessier is a portrait of Marie-Clotilde-Inès Moitessier (née de Foucauld) begun in 1844 and completed in 1856 by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. The portrait, which depicts Madame Moitessier seated, is now in the National Gallery in London. \"Madame Moitessier\" is also the title of a second portrait by Ingres, which depicts her standing; it was painted in 1851 and is now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C..", "title": "Portrait of Madame Moitessier" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote A Christmas Carol, and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real - life father, John Dickens (Pryce).", "title": "The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost - Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843; the first edition was illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an old miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. After their visits Scrooge is transformed into a kinder, gentler man.", "title": "A Christmas Carol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Keep the Aspidistra Flying, first published in 1936, is a socially critical novel by George Orwell. It is set in 1930s London. The main theme is Gordon Comstock's romantic ambition to defy worship of the money-god and status, and the dismal life that results.", "title": "Keep the Aspidistra Flying" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Portrait of an African Man () also known as Portrait of a Moor () is a painting by the Netherlandish Renaissance painter Jan Mostaert. Mostaert probably made the painting between c. 1525 and 1530, or slightly earlier. The exact subject of the painting has long been unclear, although numerous ideas have been put forward, including that the depicted figure is a soldier, a nobleman or Saint Maurice. The portrait is significant in that it may portray the earliest portrait of a specific black man in European painting, though Saint Maurice, and Balthazar of the Three Kings or Biblical Magi, had long been usually portrayed as black.", "title": "Portrait of an African Man" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michele Rushworth is an American artist noted for her oil-based portrait paintings. She has painted the official portraits of leading figures in government, law, education, medicine and the arts, including nine state gubernatorial portraits as well as private portraits for families. In 2010 she was commissioned to paint the official portrait of Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Thad Allen and was awarded the commission to paint the official portrait of Admiral Robert J. Papp, Jr.. She has also been commissioned to paint the official portraits of United States Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke and a portrait of the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force General Norton Schwartz which was unveiled at the Pentagon in early 2013.", "title": "Michele Rushworth" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Study for Crouching Nude is a 1952 painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. It was painted in the Spring of 1952, and shows a perched figure whose form was likely derived from Muybridge's \"Man Performing a Standing Jump\". The painting was first displayed – in place of \"Study for Portrait\" (1949) – at \"Recent Trends in Realist Painting\" (organized by Robert Melville and David Sylvester) at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, from July to August 1952.", "title": "Study for Crouching Nude" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth is an oil painting by John Singer Sargent. Painted in 1889, it depicts actress Ellen Terry in a famous performance of William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Macbeth\", wearing a green dress decorated with iridescent beetle wings. The play was produced by Henry Irving at the Lyceum Theatre, London, with Irving also playing Macbeth opposite Terry. Sargent attended the opening night on 29 December 1888 and was inspired to paint Terry's portrait almost immediately.", "title": "Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse (originally known as The Artist Painting the Comic Muse) is a painting in the National Portrait Gallery, London by the British artist William Hogarth. It was painted in approximately 1757 and published as a print in etching and engraving in 1758, with its final and sixth state in 1764. Hogarth used this particular self-portrait as the frontispiece of his collected engravings, published in 1764.", "title": "Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle (or \"Eryngium\") is an oil painting on parchment pasted on canvas by German artist Albrecht Dürer. Painted in 1493, it is the earliest of Dürer's painted self-portraits and has been identified as one of the first self-portraits painted by a Northern artist. It was acquired in 1922 by the Louvre in Paris.", "title": "Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To Visit the Queen (1998) (titled On Her Majesty's Wizardly Service in the UK edition) is a fantasy steampunk novel by Diane Duane. Its plot deals with the invention of nuclear weapons in Victorian Britain, thanks to the evil intervention of 'the lone one' and the efforts of Duane's wizard feline adventurers to save the day.", "title": "To Visit the Queen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Severn (7 December 1793 – 3 August 1879) was an English portrait and subject painter and a personal friend of the famous English poet John Keats. He exhibited portraits, Italian genre, literary and biblical subjects, and a selection of his paintings can today be found in some of the most important museums in London, including the National Portrait Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum and Tate Britain.", "title": "Joseph Severn" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Woman Standing (Kassel) is a painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals, painted in 1618–1620 and now in Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Kassel). It is considered a pendant portrait to the \"Portrait of a Man Standing\", in the same museum.", "title": "Portrait of a Woman Standing (Kassel)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Skater is a 1782 oil on canvas portrait of William Grant by the American artist Gilbert Stuart. Painted while Stuart was living in London, it was the work that first brought the artist broad recognition.", "title": "The Skater" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Captive Slave is a portrait painted by the artist John Simpson (1782–1847), which was first exhibited in London in 1827. It shows a man, manacled, on a stone bench and looking pensively or plaintively upward. Its subject matter, historical period, and mode of creation suggest the artist intended the painting as a statement against slavery. Until acquired by the Art Institute of Chicago in 2008, it had not been displayed to the public for 180 years.", "title": "The Captive Slave" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florence MacKubin (or Mackubin) (May 19, 1857 in Florence – February 2, 1918 in Baltimore) was an American portrait painter in miniature, pastel, and oil colors. She painted portraits of prominent people in the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as several famous copies of portraits, and exhibited at the Paris Salon, the London Academy, and the National Academy, New York.", "title": "Florence MacKubin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fleet Street Murders, by Charles Finch, is the mystery set in London and in northern England in 1867 during the Victorian era. It is the third novel in the Charles Lenox series.", "title": "The Fleet Street Murders" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Large Dog is an oil painting by George Stubbs. Depicting a dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\"), it is the first depiction of an Australian animal in Western art, along with a painting of a kangaroo by Stubbs. It is part of the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London.", "title": "Portrait of a Large Dog" } ]

[ { "answer": "Charles Dickens", "id": 26407, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?" }, { "answer": "Dan Stevens", "id": 43463, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "who plays #1 in the man who invented christmas" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pegangsaan is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10320. This administrative village is also known as the location of the house where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read.", "title": "Pegangsaan, Menteng" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 808 telephone area code covers the inhabited, developed and uninhabited areas of the Hawaiian Islands out to Midway Island and Wake Island. 808 was issued as Hawaii's area code in 1957, not long before its statehood in August of 1959.", "title": "Area code 808" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Āpua was an ancient village in the Puna district on the southern coast of the Island of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands. A small fishing village was located at about , an elevation about above sea level.", "title": "Apua, Hawaii" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Major Diagnostic Categories (MDC) are formed by dividing all possible principal diagnoses (from ICD - 9 - CM) into 25 mutually exclusive diagnosis areas. MDC codes, like diagnosis - related group (DRG) codes, are primarily a claims and administrative data element unique to the United States medical care reimbursement system. DRG codes also are mapped, or grouped, into MDC codes.", "title": "Major Diagnostic Category" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Army Division East was established by Department of the Army Permanent Order 156-7 to provide training and readiness oversight and mobilization operations for an area of responsibility spanning 27 states and territories east of the Mississippi River. First Army Division East is responsible for mobilizing, training, readiness oversight and deploying the United States' Reserve and National Guard Soldiers, and selected Sailors and Airmen along with members of multiple interagency and governmental entities.", "title": "First Army Division East" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Penryn (Washo: pénwin ) is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, in the United States. Geographic location is . Penryn is located northeast of Rocklin. The community's ZIP code is 95663 and the area code 916. The population was 831 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Penryn, California" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Elizabeth is an unincorporated community located within Maurice River Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP code 08348.", "title": "Port Elizabeth, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sheridan is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States. It is located at the western edge of the county, along State Route 65. Sheridan is northwest of Lincoln. Its ZIP code is 95681 and area code 530. The elevation is . The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Sheridan, California" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 432 is a state of Texas telephone area code in the Permian Basin area of the state including the cities of Midland and Odessa. It was created, along with area code 325, on April 5, 2003 in a split from area code 915.", "title": "Area code 432" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 956 is a state of Texas telephone area code for numbers in the Brownsville, McAllen, Laredo and South Padre Island areas. It was created May 25, 1997, in a split from area code 210.", "title": "Area code 956" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Menteng is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10310. It is located on the southern area of the Menteng Project.", "title": "Menteng, Menteng" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American telephone area codes 715 and 534 are state of Wisconsin area codes covering most of the northern part of the state.", "title": "Area codes 715 and 534" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 607 is a state of New York telephone area code servicing parts of its Southern Tier (which borders Pennsylvania). It was split from parts of area codes 315 and 716 in 1954. Initially, in the late 1940s, area codes with a middle digit of ``0 ''(x0x - xxx - xxxx) were assigned only to jurisdictions covering an entire state. Along with 507 in Minnesota and 606 in Kentucky, 607 was among the first such area codes to be added to a jurisdiction.", "title": "Area code 607" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area codes 208 and 986 are the North American telephone area codes for all of Idaho. 208 is the main area code, and is one of the 86 original area codes created in 1947. It was Idaho's sole area code until 2017, when 986 was added as an overlay for the entire state.", "title": "Area codes 208 and 986" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coordinates: 47 ° 00 ′ 01 ''N 109 ° 45 ′ 04'' W  /  47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W  / 47.00028; - 109.75111  (State of Montana) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947.", "title": "Area code 406" } ]

[ { "answer": "Hawaii", "id": 206425, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "Apua >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "808", "id": 47295, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "what is the area code for the state of #1" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Browns entered this game looking to win consecutive games for the first time since they won 3 in a row during Weeks 8 - 10 of the 2014 season. The Steelers entered the game locked into the AFC's # 3 seed and rested most of their starters. However, the Browns would still fall to the Steelers, losing 27 -- 24 in an overtime affair. With the loss, the Browns finished the season with a 1 -- 15 record, their worst record in franchise history. The Browns also became the 10th team in NFL history, and the first team since the 2009 Rams, to finish 1 - 15. They failed to win a division game for the first time since the 2011 season and extended their losing streak within the division to 11 games. The Browns also failed to win a road game in a season for only the second time in franchise history and the first time since the 1975 season. They also extended their road losing streak to 13 games and failed to win a road game against the Steelers for the thirteenth consecutive season. The Browns finished with the worst record in the NFL and secured the # 1 overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft.", "title": "2016 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The home field curse affects the host team of the Super Bowl. So far no team has yet managed to reach the Super Bowl in their home stadium. Four teams with Super Bowls in their home venue have qualified for the divisional playoffs: the 1994 Miami Dolphins, the 1998 Miami Dolphins, the 2016 Houston Texans, and the 2017 Minnesota Vikings, the Vikings being the first to qualify for their conference's title game. From 1966 -- 2011 (excluding the six Super Bowl games held in a stadium without a professional team), the Super Bowl host team has had 11 winning seasons, four split seasons, and 25 losing seasons. Mathematically, the probability of that many losing seasons or more occurring by chance (assuming a 50 percent chance of having a losing season (disregarding. 500 seasons)) is 7.69 percent. It should be noted, however, that the Super Bowl host stadium is selected several years before the game is played, without regard to the teams that qualify.", "title": "Super Bowl curse" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 MacTier Cup was a championship rugby union game for the RCSL. The game was played between the Calgary Mavericks and the Toronto Xtreme for the MacTier Cup trophy. The game was played to decide the champion of the 2003 RCSL season. The Mavericks defeated the Xtreme 40-24. The game was played in Calgary, Alberta.", "title": "2003 MacTier Cup" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 21 January 17, 2003 (2003 - 01 - 17) March 5, 2004 (2004 - 03 - 05) 22 October 3, 2003 (2003 - 10 - 03) September 24, 2004 (2004 - 09 - 24) 35 October 1, 2004 (2004 - 10 - 01) January 16, 2006 (2006 - 01 - 16) 22 February 20, 2006 (2006 - 02 - 20) November 10, 2007 (2007 - 11 - 10)", "title": "That's So Raven" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season eight finalist Melissa Rycroft defeated season eight champion Shawn Johnson and season one champion Kelly Monaco to win the trophy. This also marked the first win for professional Tony Dovolani. Tony was also the third professional (after Kym Johnson and Peta Murgatroyd) to win after being eliminated first the previous season.", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (American season 15)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 7th Solheim Cup Match was held between September 20 and September 22, 2002 at Interlachen Country Club, Edina, Minnesota, USA. Team USA won the trophy for the fifth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points. Rosie Jones gained the winning point in her victory over Karine Icher.", "title": "2002 Solheim Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to this match, the teams had met four times in the Champions Trophy and had two victories each. Pakistan's last win was in 2009; since then, India won seven games against Pakistan across ICC tournaments consecutively. Their most recent clash was on 4 June 2017, during the group stages of the ongoing Champions Trophy where India won by 124 runs (D / L method). Much of the pre-match analysis envisioned a strong contest between India's batting lineup and Pakistan's bowling side, both of which were considered the strengths of their respective teams and remained formidable in this tournament.", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ivanovic reached the final of the Junior Wimbledon tournament, losing to Kateryna Bondarenko. In 2004, she went 26–0 on the ITF Women's Circuit, and won all five events that she entered, two of them as a qualifier. As a qualifier in Zurich, she overcame a 5–1 third-set deficit along with two match points to defeat world No. 29 Tatiana Golovin. She then debuted in the qualifying draw of a Major at the US Open, where she was defeated by Lioudmila Skavronskaia after winning the first set 6–1 and having two match points in the third set. Her first notable breakthrough occurred in the next tournament, when she took Venus Williams to two tiebreaks, before losing in straight sets in the second round of the Zurich Open. She had held several set points in both sets. She followed up her run in Zurich with a quarterfinal showing at Luxembourg the next week.", "title": "Ana Ivanovic" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup football tournament was the sixth FIFA Confederations Cup, held in France in June 2003. France retained the title they had won in 2001, but the tournament was overshadowed by the death of Cameroon player Marc-Vivien Foé, who died of heart failure in his side's semi-final against Colombia. Foé's death united the France and Cameroon teams in the final match, which was played even though team players from both sides had explicitly stated that the match should not be played out of respect for Foé. France went on to win the trophy with a golden goal from Thierry Henry.", "title": "2003 FIFA Confederations Cup" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In his second season, Brady took over as the starting quarterback after Drew Bledsoe was injured. He led the Patriots to first place in the AFC East and a victory over the favored St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI, winning his first Super Bowl MVP award. Despite the Patriots' missing the playoffs the following season, Brady would then lead them to back - to - back World Championships in 2003 and 2004, winning Super Bowl MVP honors again in 2003. Along the way, the Patriots won an NFL - record 21 consecutive games (including the playoffs) between the 2003 and 2004 seasons. The 2005 season was Brady's first to throw for 4,000 yards and lead the NFL in passing. That postseason, Brady would win his 10th consecutive playoff game, another NFL postseason record.", "title": "Tom Brady" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related films, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939). The film centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves and manager George Allison was given a speaking part. More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s. The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.", "title": "Arsenal F.C." }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steve Mocco (born December 28, 1981) is an American amateur wrestler and mixed martial artist originally from North Bergen, New Jersey. Starting his collegiate wrestling career at the University of Iowa, Mocco was the 285-pound NCAA Division I runner-up in 2002 and champion in 2003. After taking an Olympic redshirt year, Mocco transferred to Oklahoma State University to wrestle for coach John Smith. In his first year at OSU, Mocco won the 285 title in 2005 without losing a match.", "title": "Steve Mocco" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The India cricket team toured South Africa in January and February 2018 to play three Tests, six One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. In January 2017, Cricket South Africa (CSA) revealed that this tour would replace the scheduled visit by Sri Lanka due to costs and scheduling congestion. The Test series was played for the Freedom Trophy, with South Africa winning the trophy following victories in the first two Tests. South Africa went on to win the Test series 2 -- 1. It was the first Test series of three matches or more in which all 40 wickets fell in each match of the series. With India's win the third Test, they retained the number one place in the ICC Test Championship, taking an unassailable lead before the April 2018 cut - off date for next season's rankings.", "title": "Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2017–18" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martin Ekani (born April 21, 1984 in Aubervilliers, France) is a French footballer who played 4 matches in Ligue 1 for RC Lens in the 2003-2004 season and 13 matches in Ligue 2 for Angers SCO in the 2004-2005 season.", "title": "Martin Ekani" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008–09 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Federer achieved his record eighth Wimbledon and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6 -- 3, 6 -- 1, 6 -- 4. Federer thus became the only male player to win the Wimbledon singles title eight times, as well as only the second man in the Open era, after Björn Borg in 1976, to win Wimbledon without losing a set. This was Federer's 70th appearance at a Grand Slam, tying the record for male players and a record - breaking 11th men's singles final at the same Grand Slam tournament. In addition, by virtue of his third - round win over Mischa Zverev, Federer won his 317th Grand Slam singles match, surpassing Serena Williams' record of 316 match wins and giving him the all - time record for the most Grand Slam singles wins by any player, male or female. The tournament marked the fifth time that Nadal and Federer won the French Open and Wimbledon respectively in the same year.", "title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl ten times in franchise history, the most of any team, eight of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 15 AFC East titles in 17 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten - year period (126, in 2003 -- 2012), an undefeated 16 - game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21 - game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won nine straight division titles from 2009 to 2017). The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached (eight) and won (five) by a head coach -- quarterback tandem. Currently, the team is tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five, after the Steelers, who have six.", "title": "New England Patriots" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sportpark Laag Zestienhoven is a cricket ground in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The first recorded match on the ground came in 1963 when RG Inglese's XI played The Forty Club. The ground later held six matches in the 1990 ICC Trophy. The ground held a single Women's One Day International in 2003 when Ireland Women played Pakistan Women.", "title": "Sportpark Laag Zestienhoven" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl nine times in franchise history, the most of any team, seven of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 14 AFC East titles in 16 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten - year period (126, in 2003 -- 2012), an undefeated 16 - game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21 - game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won eight straight division titles from 2009 to 2016). The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached (seven) and won (five) by a head coach -- quarterback tandem. The Patriots are tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five. The Steelers are in front with six.", "title": "New England Patriots" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first winner of the award was center Jean Béliveau of the Montreal Canadiens in 1965. The first player and only defenseman to win it twice was Bobby Orr, who scored the Cup - clinching goals for the Boston Bruins in 1970 and 1972. Goaltender Bernie Parent (for the Philadelphia Flyers) and centers Wayne Gretzky (for the Edmonton Oilers), Mario Lemieux, and Sidney Crosby (for the Pittsburgh Penguins) have also won it twice each, with Parent, Lemieux, and Crosby each winning theirs back to back (1974 / 1975, 1991 / 1992, and 2016 / 2017 respectively). Goaltender Patrick Roy is the only player to win the trophy three times, and also the only player to win it as a member of two different teams (with the Canadiens in 1986 and 1993, and with the Colorado Avalanche in 2001); his wins also fall into three different decades. Ken Dryden, the 1971 Smythe winner, is the only NHL player to win this trophy before winning the Calder Trophy as rookie of the year (in 1972): Montreal called him up to play only six regular season games, which is not enough to qualify as a rookie season. Dave Keon's eight playoff points in 1967 is the fewest ever by a non-goalie Conn Smythe winner, as he was a defensive forward and is the only Maple Leafs player to win the trophy donated by his club's parent company.", "title": "Conn Smythe Trophy" } ]

[ { "answer": "Premier League", "id": 18025, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "What trophy did Arsenal win in the 2003-2004 season without losing a match?" }, { "answer": "The money is divided into three parts:", "id": 34509, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "How is the teleivsion revenue distributed in #1 ?" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank Ross (John Pickard) is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey). Ross's young daughter, Mattie (Kim Darby), travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben ``Rooster ''J. Cogburn (John Wayne) to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill (Strother Martin). Mattie has heard that Cogburn has`` true grit.'' She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw ``Lucky ''Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall) in Indian Territory (modern - day Oklahoma).", "title": "True Grit (1969 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.", "title": "Eritrea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sandy Lake is an unincorporated community Native American village located in Turner Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. Its name in the Ojibwe language is \"Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag\", meaning \"Place of the Sandy-shored Lake\". The village is administrative center for the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, though the administration of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation, District II, is located in the nearby East Lake.", "title": "Sandy Lake, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pairing of salt and pepper as table accessories dates to seventeenth - century French cuisine, which considered pepper (distinct from herbs such as fines herbes) the only spice that did not overpower the true taste of food. They are typically found in a set of salt and pepper shakers, often a matched set. Salt and pepper are typically maintained in separate shakers on the table, but may be mixed in the kitchen. Some food writers, like Sara Dickerman, have argued that in modern cookery, a new spice could be used in place of black pepper.", "title": "Salt and pepper" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "title": "Khabarovsky District" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scoville heat units Peppers 800,000 to 3,200,000 Pepper X, Carolina Reaper, Dragon's Breath, Naga Morich 350,000 to 800,000 Red Savina pepper, Chocolate habanero 100,000 to 350,000 Habanero, Scotch Bonnet 10,000 to 100,000 Malagueta pepper, Cayenne pepper 1,000 to 10,000 Guajillo pepper, Jalapeño 100 to 1,000 Banana pepper, Cubanelle 0 to 100 Bell pepper, Pimento", "title": "Scoville scale" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:", "title": "Biysky District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.", "title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dallol is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named for the former mining settlement of Dallol, which set the record for the hottest inhabited place on Earth, with an average temperature of 34° C. Located at the northernmost point of the Administrative Zone 2, Dallol's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Koneba, on the west by the Tigray Region, on the north by Eritrea, and on the east and south by Berhale. Detailed information is not available for the settlements in this woreda.", "title": "Dallol (woreda)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scoville heat units Peppers 0.6 to 3.2 million Carolina Reaper, Pepper X, Dragon's Breath, Naga Morich 350.000 to 600.000 Red Savina pepper 100,000 to 350.000 Habanero, Scotch Bonnet 10,000 to 100,000 Malagueta pepper, Cayenne pepper 1,000 to 10,000 Guajillo pepper, Jalapeño 100 to 1,000 Banana pepper, Cubanelle 0 - 100 Bell pepper", "title": "Scoville scale" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series stars Rebecca Romijn as Pepper Dennis, a television reporter for an evening news broadcast at the fictional television station WEiE (specifically with a small i) in Chicago. The series also starred Rider Strong as Chick, Pepper's cameraman and unrequited crush, Brooke Burns as Pepper's sheltered and somewhat flaky sister Kathy Dinkle, Lindsay Price as Kimmy Kim, Pepper's closest friend and WEiE's makeup artist and Josh Hopkins as Charlie Babcock, the station's news anchor. One of the focal points of the show was the love-hate relationship between Pepper and Charlie.", "title": "Pepper Dennis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.", "title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pequin (or piquín) pepper () is a hot chili pepper cultivar commonly used as a spice. Taxonomically, it is classified within variety \"glabriusculum\" of the species \"Capsicum annuum\".", "title": "Pequin pepper" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.", "title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho" } ]

[ { "answer": "Des Moines", "id": 546183, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "Tom Pepper >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "Warren County", "id": 368521, "paragraph_support_idx": null, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Florian Brandner is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was first played by Frédéric A. Komp from 2 January 1995 to the fall of 1996 and again in February 1997 and from June to October 1998. The character was recast with actor Alex Huber four years later, on 12 July 2002. Huber left after one and a half year, when the character was written out. He made his last appearance on 15 January 2004.", "title": "Florian Brandner" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul Brandner is a fictional character of German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character was portrayed by actor Tobias Schönenberg from April 15, 2005 to April 27, 2007. Paul was written out, when Schönenberg decided not to re-sign with the show .", "title": "Paul Brandner" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Julia Mendes (born Prozeski, adopted von Anstetten and formerly Sander) is a fictional character from the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\", played by Valerie Niehaus. She is introduced in the series' premiere on January 2, 1995. She departed from the series in July 1997, when Niehaus decided to pursue other roles. The role was surprisingly recast with well-known actress Nina Bott in 2011; reinstating the Brandner family and the original story of the show. Bott appeared for the first time on-screen on June 23, 2011. She eventually finished shooting her story arc in October 2011 and last appeared on January 18, 2012. The character is known as the first protagonist of the show and her main story focuses around the incestuous love to her twin-brother Jan Brandner.", "title": "Julia Mendes" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The eighth series of Ex on the Beach, a British television programme was confirmed in August 2017 after it was reported that Geordie Shore cast member Marnie Simpson had joined the show. With this it was announced that filming for the series had already begun.", "title": "Ex on the Beach (British series 8)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Scandal was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for Scandal. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season will be produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.", "title": "Scandal (season 7)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronald Jon ``Ronnie ''Burns (July 9, 1935 -- November 14, 2007) was an American television actor. He is primarily remembered as the son of comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen and a regular cast member of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950 -- 58) on CBS.", "title": "Ronnie Burns (actor)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family.", "title": "The Lion King (musical)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Ennis (born May 6, 1964) is an American actor and comedian. Ennis is currently a cast member on Netflix's \"W/ Bob & David\" and previously on HBO's \"Mr. Show with Bob and David\". Other roles include \"\", \"Zodiac\", and the reboot of \"Twin Peaks\".", "title": "John Ennis (actor)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A nationwide design competition drew 400 submissions from architects from around the country. Friedrich St. Florian's initial design was selected in 1997. Over the next four years, St. Florian's design was altered during the review and approval process required of proposed memorials in Washington, D.C. Ambassador Haydn Williams guided the design development for ABMC.", "title": "World War II Memorial" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fourteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when cast member Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly Hagan had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. On 28 February 2017, it was announced that eight new cast members had joined for this series. Zahida Allen, Chelsea Barber, Sam Bentham, Sarah Goodhart, Abbie Holborn, Elettra Lamborghini, Billy Phillips and Eve Shannon all appeared throughout the series hoping to become permanent members of the cast, and in the series finale, Holborn was chosen. Goodhart and Allen both previously appeared on Ex on the Beach, with the former appearing on the third series of the show as the ex-girlfriend of current Geordie Shore cast member Marty McKenna (before he joined the cast). Lamborghini has also appeared on Super Shore and participated in the fifth season of Gran Hermano VIP, the Spanish version of Celebrity Big Brother. It was also confirmed that Scott would return later in the series.", "title": "Geordie Shore (series 14)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Brandner is a fictional character on the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" portrayed by actor Sven Koller from September 11, 2008 to June 15, 2010.", "title": "David Brandner" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series \"Mr. Show\" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on \"The Sarah Silverman Program\".", "title": "Jay Johnston" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.", "title": "Saturday Night Live" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constantin von Lahnstein is a fictional character on German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\" and was portrayed by actor Milan Marcus. He made his first appearance on 9 December 2004. The character was introduced as the last original member of the Lahnstein family as a troublesome teenager that grow up at his aunt's in Italy after his mother died. He has been featured in numerous storylines, including finding his biological father, his friendship to Paul Brandner, his relationships to Paul's sister Lisa and Judith Hagendorf and an affair with the former wife of his cousin, Nathalie Käppler. Marcus decided to focus on college in 2008 but stayed with the show until his last appearance on 5 January 2011.", "title": "Constantin von Lahnstein" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the first time in the show's history, many cast changes occur, seeing the first departure of two main cast members. Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team, the season received a mixed response from critics and fans. Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season, writing five out of the seventeen episodes. The highest - rated episode was the season premiere, which was watched by 20.93 million viewers. The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes, instead of twenty - three originally planned.", "title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Isuzu Florian is an intermediate class car manufactured by Isuzu Motors Ltd. in Japan from November 1967 to 1983. The Florian's body remained essentially the same through its unusually long life cycle, being afforded only two moderate facelifts. The Isuzu Florian (Project 117) was originally presented as the Ghia Isuzu 117 Sedan at the 1966 Tokyo Motor Show and shared its complete chassis with the closely related Isuzu 117 Coupé. Originally available only with a 1.6 liter gasoline inline-four engine (1600 Deluxe) producing at 5200 rpm, a 1.8 liter version was later added as was a diesel option, first seen in 1977.", "title": "Isuzu Florian" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral.", "title": "For Hope" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien, who is also a member of the cast. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, and lyrics by O'Brien. The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s. Along with O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions.", "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Verbotene Liebe", "id": 149704, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Which show is Florian Brandner in?" }, { "answer": "Valerie Niehaus", "id": 533616, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "#1 >> cast member" } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iron Realms Entertainment LLC was founded as Achaea LLC in 1996. After the release of Aetolia in 2001, Achaea LLC was renamed Iron Realms LLC.", "title": "Iron Realms Entertainment" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You've Got a Friend in Me ''Single by Randy Newman and Lyle Lovett from the album Toy Story Released April 12, 1996 Format Cassette, CD single, digital download Genre Country, pop, soundtrack Length 2: 39 Label Walt Disney Songwriter (s) Randy Newman Producer (s) Randy Newman Randy Newman singles chronology`` It's Money That Matters'' / ``Falling in Love ''(1988)`` You've Got a Friend in Me'' (1996) ``We Belong Together ''(2010)`` It's Money That Matters'' / ``Falling in Love ''(1988)`` You've Got a Friend in Me'' (1996) ``We Belong Together ''(2010) Lyle Lovett singles chronology`` Do n't Touch My Hat'' (1996) Do n't Touch My Hat 1996 ``You've Got a Friend in Me ''(1996) You've Got a Friend in Me1996`` Private Conversation'' (1997) Private Conversation1997", "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Number of singles Artist Biggest number - one † 20 The Beatles ``Hey Jude ''18 Elvis Presley ‡`` Do n't Be Cruel'' / ``Hound Dog ''Mariah Carey`` We Belong Together'' 14 Rihanna ``We Found Love ''13 Michael Jackson`` Say Say Say'' (duet with Paul McCartney) 12 The Supremes ``Love Child ''Madonna`` Like a Virgin'' 11 Whitney Houston ``I Will Always Love You ''10 Stevie Wonder`` Ebony and Ivory'' (duet with Paul McCartney) Janet Jackson ``Miss You Much ''", "title": "List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "MonarC Entertainment was an American record label formed by Mariah Carey, under Island Records. The name comes from Carey's well-documented fascination with butterflies. The only albums released with the Monarc Entertainment logo were \"Charmbracelet\" and \"The Remixes\". In the summer of 2004, Carey reportedly shut down her MonarC label, as her subsequent releases were released under just Island Records alone.", "title": "Monarc Entertainment" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (1922–2005) was an Indian politician, former Member of parliament, Lok Sabha and founding leader of Indian National League He belongs to Cutchi Memon. He was fondly called \"Mehboob -e -Millath\"", "title": "Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jupiter Entertainment (also known as Jupiter) is an unscripted television production company in the United States (US) founded by Stephen Land in 1996.", "title": "Jupiter Entertainment" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Knocks Entertainment is an American East Coast hip hop and R&B record label founded in 2004 by record producer, Just Blaze.", "title": "Fort Knocks Entertainment" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sea spiders have long been considered to belong to the Chelicerata, together with horseshoe crabs, and the Arachnida, which includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and harvestmen, among other, lesser known orders.", "title": "Sea spider" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ASC Games (abbreviated from American Softworks Corporation) was an American video game publisher founded in 1992. Formerly based in Darien, Connecticut, the company quickly became a major publisher for games on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis.", "title": "ASC Games" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saschiz fortified church (; ) is a Lutheran fortified church in Saschiz (\"Keisd\"), Mureș County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially Roman Catholic, it became Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Saschiz fortified church" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Lisle Lindsey, also known as Bob Lindsey (1917–1995), founded together with David Flusser the Jerusalem School of Synoptic Research.", "title": "Robert Lisle Lindsey" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biertan fortified church (; ) is a Lutheran fortified church in Biertan (\"Birthälm\"), Sibiu County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Briefly Roman Catholic, it became Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Biertan fortified church" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Get Your Act Together with Harvey Goldsmith is a Channel 4 television programme in which promoter Harvey Goldsmith is given six months to help revive the fortunes of six entertainment businesses or performers.", "title": "Get Your Act Together with Harvey Goldsmith" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The song's music video was filmed as a two - part story with ``It's Like That '', which featured Carey at her bachelorette party. The video for`` We Belong Together'' is a continuation focusing on Carey's wedding to an older and powerful man and ends with the singer eloping with her ex-lover. Rumors arose of the video's connection to her 1993 marriage to Tommy Mottola. Carey performed the song on several award shows and television appearances around the world, namely MTV Movie Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Macy's Fourth of July Parade, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the 48th Grammy Awards. In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco, and the German Bambi Awards. Carey performed the song on both her Adventures of Mimi and Angels Advocate Tours.", "title": "We Belong Together" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Viscri fortified church (; ) is a Lutheran fortified church in Viscri (\"Deutschweißkirch\"), Brașov County, in the Transylvania region of Romania. It was built by the ethnic German Transylvanian Saxon community at a time when the area belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Initially Roman Catholic, it became Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Viscri fortified church" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Feelin' Up (also known as Getting Together) is a 1976 comedy film written and directed by David Secter and distributed by Troma Entertainment.", "title": "Feelin' Up" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kanbar Entertainment is an independent film production studio founded by private investor Maurice Kanbar and Disney animation veteran Sue Bea Montgomery in 2002. The studio produced \"Hoodwinked!\",", "title": "Kanbar Entertainment" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name.", "title": "Amblin Entertainment" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Playmen was an Italian adult entertainment magazine. It was founded in 1967 by a mother of three, Adelina Tattilo, achieving fame as Italy's version of \"Playboy\" magazine.", "title": "Playmen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charmbracelet is the ninth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released on December 3, 2002 through MonarC Entertainment and Island Records. The album was her first release since her breakdown following the release of her film \"Glitter\" (2001) and its accompanying soundtrack album, both of which were critical and commercial failures from the previous year. Critics described \"Charmbracelet\" as one of her most personal records, following 1997's \"Butterfly\". Throughout the project, Carey collaborated with several musicians, including Jermaine Dupri, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, 7 Aurelius and Dre & Vidal.", "title": "Charmbracelet" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mariah Carey", "id": 537814, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Monarc Entertainment >> founded by" }, { "answer": "Tommy Mottola", "id": 81633, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "who is we belong together by #1 about" } ]

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