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[ { "id": "525783", "text": "the entire life of the Sunday strip. Most of the other characters that eventually became the main characters of Peanuts did not appear until later: Violet (February 1951), Schroeder (May 1951), Lucy (March 1952), Linus (September 1952), Pig-Pen (July 1954), Sally (August 1959), Frieda (March 1961), \"Peppermint\" Patty (August 1966), Woodstock (introduced April 1967; given a name in June 1970), Franklin (July 1968), Marcie (July 1971), and Rerun (March 1973). Schulz decided to produce all aspects of the strip himself from the script to the finished art and lettering. Schulz did, however, hire help to produce the comic book adaptations", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "8842317", "text": "for exemption from income tax under the Internal Revenue Code 501(c)(3). PTPI is funded through program fees, membership dues and donations. Among the early leaders working with President Eisenhower were Joyce C. Hall, the founder of Hallmark Cards, Inc., Walt Disney, Bob Hope and approximately 100 other remarkable individuals from industry, academia and the arts. Charles M. Schulz, creator of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, contributed three pieces of artwork for PTPI Worldwide Conferences. On June 22, 2006, People to People was the first organization awarded the Cavaliere per la Pace (Knight of Peace Award). Prior to People to People, recipients", "title": "People to People International" }, { "id": "525801", "text": "first strip) a beagle, Snoopy. The first addition, Violet, was made on February 7, 1951. Other character introductions that soon followed were Schroeder, on May 30, 1951, as a baby; Lucy, on March 3, 1952; Lucy's baby brother Linus, on September 19, 1952 (after his existence was first mentioned on July 14); and Pig-Pen, on July 13, 1954. Though the strip did not have a lead character at first, it soon began to focus on Charlie Brown, a character developed from some of the painful experiences of Schulz's formative years. In early strips, Charlie Brown was depicted as distinctly younger", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525782", "text": "Denver Post\", \"The Seattle Times\", \"The New York World-Telegram & Sun\", and \"The Boston Globe\". It began as a daily strip. The first strip was four panels long and showed Charlie Brown walking by two other young children, Shermy and Patty. Shermy lauds Charlie Brown as he walks by, but then tells Patty how he hates him in the final panel. Snoopy was also an early character in the strip, first appearing in the third strip, which ran on October 4. Its first Sunday strip appeared January 6, 1952, in the half-page format, which was the only complete format for", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "1256902", "text": "Charlie Brown on the very first Peanuts strip. Charlie Brown had a notably surprisingly successful romantic relationship with Peggy Jean, although this eventually broke up with him when he realized that she already had a boyfriend. Charlie Brown, along with Snoopy, was ranked eighth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time. Charlie Brown Charlie Brown or Charles Brown Esquire (see “A Boy Named Charlie Brown” movie) is the protagonist of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", syndicated in daily and Sunday newspapers in numerous countries all over the world. Depicted as a \"lovable loser,\" Charlie Brown is one of", "title": "Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "525858", "text": "from a wide range of acclaimed contemporary artists and designers who have been inspired by the cartoon. Peanuts Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz that ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward. \"Peanuts\" is among the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips, with 17,897 strips published in all, making it \"arguably the longest story ever told by one human being\". At its peak in the mid- to late 1960s, \"Peanuts\" ran in over 2,600 newspapers, with a readership of", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525786", "text": "characters appeared, including Peppermint Patty, Snoopy as the \"World War One Flying Ace\", Frieda and her \"naturally curly hair\", and Franklin. \"Peanuts\" is remarkable for its deft social commentary, especially compared with other strips appearing in the 1950s and early 1960s. Schulz did not explicitly address racial and gender equality issues so much as assume them to be self-evident. Peppermint Patty's athletic skill and self-confidence is simply taken for granted, for example, as is Franklin's presence in a racially integrated school and neighborhood. (Franklin came about at least in part as a result of Schulz's correspondence in 1968 with a", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "11153006", "text": "1964, after a heart attack that had left him in a coma for months, Crosby died in the asylum on his 73rd birthday. He was buried in Pine Lawn Veterans' Cemetery on Long Island. Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \"Skippy\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \"Peanuts\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \"classic... which innovated", "title": "Percy Crosby" }, { "id": "525775", "text": "Peanuts Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz that ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward. \"Peanuts\" is among the most popular and influential in the history of comic strips, with 17,897 strips published in all, making it \"arguably the longest story ever told by one human being\". At its peak in the mid- to late 1960s, \"Peanuts\" ran in over 2,600 newspapers, with a readership of around 355 million in 75 countries, and was translated into 21 languages. It helped to cement the", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525811", "text": "early strips. Schulz also added some fantastical characters, sometimes imbuing inanimate objects with life. Charlie Brown's nemesis, the Kite-Eating Tree, is one example. Sally Brown's school building expresses thoughts and feelings about the students and the general business of being a brick building. Linus's security blanket also occasionally displays signs of anthropomorphism. Charlie Brown's pitching mound also sometimes expresses thoughts and opinions (\"Why don't you learn how to pitch, you stupid kid?\"). Schulz received the National Cartoonist Society Humor Comic Strip Award for \"Peanuts\" in 1962, the Reuben Award in 1955 and 1964 (the first cartoonist to receive the honor", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525776", "text": "four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. The strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are rarely seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous, and lacks self-confidence. He is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football held by his irascible friend Lucy, who always pulls it away at the last instant. \"Peanuts\" is one of the literate strips with philosophical, psychological, and sociological overtones that flourished in the 1950s.", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "11152984", "text": "Percy Crosby Percy Lee Crosby (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964) was an American author, illustrator and cartoonist best known for his comic strip \"Skippy\". Adapted into movies, a novel and a radio show, Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 U.S. Postal Service stamp. An inspiration for Charles Schulz's \"Peanuts\", the strip is regarded by comics historian Maurice Horn as a \"classic... which innovated a number of sophisticated and refined touches used later by Charles Schulz and Bill Watterson.\" Humorist Corey Ford, writing in \"Vanity Fair\", praised the strip as \"America's most important contribution to humor of the", "title": "Percy Crosby" }, { "id": "11873069", "text": "as serving as a dressing area for the Royal Court and space for display of the Tournament of Roses history. There are displays of trophies, past Rose Bowl Games, Grand Marshals, Presidents, and Queens and Courts. Of interest is an original panel of \"Peanuts\" comic strip for January 1, 1974, when its creator Charles M. Schulz served as the Grand Marshal. On the panel, Lucy was watching the parade on TV and was telling Linus van Pelt that \"They have some of the most beautiful floats this year I've ever seen.\" When Linus asked about the grand marshal, Lucy said,", "title": "Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association" }, { "id": "525744", "text": "comic strip, usually using four panels rather than one, and to Schulz's delight, the syndicate preferred that version. \"Peanuts\" made its first appearance on October 2, 1950, in seven newspapers. The weekly Sunday page debuted on January 6, 1952. After a slow start, \"Peanuts\" eventually became one of the most popular comic strips of all time, as well as one of the most influential. Schulz also had a short-lived sports-oriented comic strip, \"It's Only a Game\" (1957–59), but he abandoned it after the success of \"Peanuts\". From 1956 to 1965 he contributed a single-panel strip, \"Young Pillars\", featuring teenagers, to", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "525778", "text": "\"Peanuts\" television specials the fourth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. A computer-animated feature film based on the strip, \"The Peanuts Movie\", was released in 2015. \"Peanuts\" had its origin in \"Li'l Folks\", a weekly panel comic that appeared in Schulz's hometown paper, the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press\", from 1947 to 1950. He first used the name \"Charlie Brown\" for a character there, although he applied the name in four gags to three different boys and one buried in sand. The series also had a dog that looked much like the early 1950s version of Snoopy. In 1948, Schulz sold", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "6778437", "text": "Stripes\". After the war, while working for the Oakland Police Department, he created the comic strip \"Baker's Helper\". When Turner began questioning why there were no minorities in cartoons, his mentor, \"Peanuts\" cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, suggested he create one. Morris' first attempt, \"Dinky Fellas\", featured an all-black cast, but found publication in only one newspaper, the \"Chicago Defender\". Turner integrated the strip, renaming it \"Wee Pals\", and in 1965 it became the first American syndicated comic strip to have a cast of diverse ethnicity. Although the strip was only originally carried by five newspapers, it was picked up by", "title": "Morrie Turner" }, { "id": "10169248", "text": "original American version (though some of the German volumes feature the original introductions, such as those by Matt Groening and Whoopi Goldberg, while others feature new ones by Germans such as Robert Gernhardt). , the following have been printed: The Complete Peanuts The Complete Peanuts is a series of books containing the entire run of Charles M. Schulz's long-running newspaper comic strip \"Peanuts\". The series was published at a rate of two volumes per year, each containing two years of strips (except for the first volume which includes 1950–1952). Slipcased sets of two volumes are also available. The series comprises", "title": "The Complete Peanuts" }, { "id": "4128597", "text": "Blood\", and \"The Hidden Fortress\". Other distinguished Japanese directors of the period were Yasujirō Ozu whose masterpiece \"Tokyo Story\" was released in 1953 and Kenji Mizoguchi whose 1954 \"Sansho the Bailiff\" was one of his most highly revered films. The films of Japan were also influenced by and influential on American cinema. Comic book audiences grew during and after World War II. Charles Schulz's \"Peanuts\" appeared for the first time on October 2, 1950, in seven US newspapers. This and comic strips such as \"Hi & Lois\" and \"Dennis the Menace\" marked a revival of humor strips, a genre that", "title": "United States in the 1950s" }, { "id": "525774", "text": "people had described him as a \"secular humanist\" though he didn't know one way or another: In 2013, Schulz's widow said: Primary sources Secondary studies Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \"Peanuts\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "525836", "text": "years. Some represented chronological reprints of the newspaper strip, while others were thematic collections such as \"Snoopy's Tennis Book\", or collections of inspirational adages such as \"Happiness Is a Warm Puppy\". Some single-story books were produced, such as \"Snoopy and the Red Baron.\" In addition, many of the animated television specials and feature films were adapted into book form. The primary series of reprints was published by Rinehart & Company (later Holt, Rinehart and Winston) beginning in 1952, with the release of a collection simply titled \"Peanuts\". This series, which presented the strips in rough chronological order (albeit with many", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "10404397", "text": "adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 1993, St. Paul became the first city in the U.S. to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation. Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools. In 2006, the St. Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary. Notable graduates of St. Paul Public Schools include former U.S. Supreme Court justices Harry Blackmun and Warren Burger, civil rights leader Roy Wilkins, creator of the Peanuts cartoon strip Charles M. Schulz, and", "title": "Saint Paul Public Schools" }, { "id": "1256846", "text": "boy (\"Charlie Brown\") when asked. He made his official debut in the first \"Peanuts\" comic strip, on October 2, 1950. The strip features Charlie Brown walking by, as two other children named Shermy and Patty look at him. Shermy refers to him as \"Good Ol' Charlie Brown\" as he passes by, but then immediately reveals his hatred toward him once he is gone on the last panel. During the strip's early years, Charlie Brown was much more playful than he is known for, as he often played pranks and jokes on the other characters. On December 21 of the same", "title": "Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "525781", "text": "the syndication editor. In a 1987 interview, Schulz said: \"It's totally ridiculous, has no meaning, is simply confusing, and has no dignity—and I think my humor has dignity.\" The periodic collections of the strips in paperback book form typically had either \"Charlie Brown\" or \"Snoopy\" in the title, not \"Peanuts\", because of Schulz's distaste. From November 20, 1966, to January 4, 1987, the opening Sunday panels typically read \"Peanuts, featuring Good Ol' Charlie Brown\". \"Peanuts\" premiered on October 2, 1950, in nine newspapers: \"The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, The Minneapolis Tribune\", \"The Allentown Morning Call\", \"The Bethlehem Globe-Times\", \"The", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525802", "text": "than his cohorts Patty and Shermy. His main characteristic is either self-defeating stubbornness or admirably determined persistence to try his best against all odds: he can never win a ballgame but continues playing baseball; he can never fly a kite successfully but continues to try. Though his inferiority complex was evident from the start, in the earlier strips he also got in his own jabs when verbally sparring with Patty and Shermy. Some early strips also involved romantic attractions between Charlie Brown and Patty or Violet. On September 1, 1958, Charlie Brown's father was formally revealed to be a barber", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "2645111", "text": "over the decades. Recent \"Ripley's Believe It or Not!\" books containing new material have supplemented illustrations with photographs. \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz's first publication of artwork was published by Ripley. It was a cartoon claiming his dog was \"a hunting dog who eats pins, tacks, screws, nails and razor blades.\" Schulz's dog Spike later became the model for \"Peanuts\"' Snoopy. Some notable books: A series of paperback books containing annotated sketches from the newspaper feature: Ripley Entertainment produces a range of books featuring unusual facts, news stories and photographs. In 2004 Ripley Entertainment founded Ripley Publishing Ltd, based in", "title": "Ripley's Believe It or Not!" }, { "id": "8119422", "text": "Robb Armstrong Robb Armstrong is an American cartoonist, best known for creating the comic strip \"Jump Start\", as well as for some of his motivational speeches. Armstrong was born on March 4, 1962, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Armstrong graduated from Syracuse University with a bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts. He started drawing sketches of Charlie Brown at age five, and he lists Charles M. Schulz as one of his influences and heroes. Schulz gave his Franklin, the \"Peanuts\" strip’s black character, the surname Armstrong, after Robb Armstrong. Armstrong's mother, Dorothy was a seamstress. He had four siblings. \"Jump Start\", Armstrong's comic", "title": "Robb Armstrong" }, { "id": "1827977", "text": "remember us with the affecshun we feel for you.\" The tone of the strip is reminiscent of Charles M. Schulz's final \"Peanuts\" strip, from which the Perishers strip took its inspiration. The strip was initially replaced by the short-lived \"Ronaldinho\", during the then-ongoing World Cup. After the tournament, the American \"Pooch Cafe\" appeared as a more permanent replacement. After a gap of nearly four years, the original cartoon strip returned to the \"Daily Mirror\" as reprints, on 22 February 2010. Additionally, over the years there have been a number of cheaply printed reprint collections in paperback, all of which went", "title": "The Perishers" }, { "id": "525807", "text": "the strip's first black character, Franklin; a Mexican–Swedish kid named José Peterson; and Peppermint Patty's bookish sidekick Marcie, who calls Peppermint Patty \"Sir\" and Charlie Brown \"Charles\" and sometimes \"Chuck\" (most characters only call him \"Charlie Brown\", though he was known as \"Charles\" to Eudora, \"big brother\" to his sister Sally Brown, \"that round-headed kid\" to Snoopy, and \"Brownie Charles\" to Peggy Jean after misspeaking his name out of nervousness). Several additional family members of the characters were also introduced: Charlie Brown's younger sister Sally, who became fixated on Linus; Linus and Lucy van Pelt's younger brother Rerun, who for", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "3279733", "text": "at some point.\" Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Peanuts\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy,", "title": "Shermy" }, { "id": "525812", "text": "twice), the Elzie Segar Award in 1980, and the Milton Caniff Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999. \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\" won a Peabody Award and an Emmy; \"Peanuts\" cartoon specials have received a total of two Peabody Awards and four Emmys. For his work on the strip, Schulz has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (as does Snoopy) and a place in the William Randolph Hearst Cartoon Hall of Fame. \"Peanuts\" was featured on the cover of \"Time\" on April 9, 1965, with the accompanying article calling it \"the leader of a refreshing new breed that takes an", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "4423447", "text": "Li'l Folks Li'l Folks, the first comic strip by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz, was a weekly panel that appeared mainly in Schulz's hometown paper, the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press\", from June 22, 1947, to January 22, 1950. Schulz's first regular cartoon, \"Li'l Folks\" can be regarded as an embryonic version of \"Peanuts\", containing characters and themes which were to reappear in the later strip: a well-dressed young boy with a fondness for Beethoven, à la Schroeder; a dog with a resemblance to Snoopy; and a boy named Charlie Brown. Schulz was 24 at the time he drew \"Li'l Folks\",", "title": "Li'l Folks" }, { "id": "525737", "text": "Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \"Peanuts\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who had Norwegian heritage. His uncle called him \"Sparky\" after", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "4423452", "text": "Fantagraphics Books. The complete run of the strip was also included in the penultimate volume of \"The Complete Peanuts\", published in May 2016 by Fantagraphics Books. Li'l Folks Li'l Folks, the first comic strip by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz, was a weekly panel that appeared mainly in Schulz's hometown paper, the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press\", from June 22, 1947, to January 22, 1950. Schulz's first regular cartoon, \"Li'l Folks\" can be regarded as an embryonic version of \"Peanuts\", containing characters and themes which were to reappear in the later strip: a well-dressed young boy with a fondness for Beethoven,", "title": "Li'l Folks" }, { "id": "17287485", "text": "Snoopy and Woodstock. The film sees Charlie Brown trying to improve his odds with the Little Red-Haired Girl, while Snoopy writes a book about the World War I Flying Ace as he imagines himself as a legend trying to save his love interest and fellow pilot Fifi from the Red Baron and his army. \"The Peanuts Movie\" was released on November 6, 2015, commemorating the 65th anniversary of the original comic strip and the 50th anniversary of the TV special \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\". It grossed $246 million worldwide against a $99 million budget. The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes", "title": "The Peanuts Movie" }, { "id": "101822", "text": "Zonker's nephew Zipper Harris, and Uncle Duke's son Earl. \"Doonesbury\" has delved into a number of political and social issues, causing controversies and breaking new ground on the comics pages. Among the controversies: Charles M. Schulz of Peanuts called Trudeau \"unprofessional\" for taking a long sabbatical. (See also, similar comments by Schulz about sabbaticals taken by Bill Watterson.) Nor was the return of the strip itself greeted with universal acclaim; in 1985, \"Saturday Review\" listed Trudeau as one of the country's \"Most Overrated People in American Arts and Letters,\" commenting that the \"most publicized return since MacArthur's has produced a", "title": "Doonesbury" }, { "id": "525745", "text": "\"Youth\", a publication associated with the Church of God. In 1957 and 1961 he illustrated two volumes of Art Linkletter's \"Kids Say the Darndest Things\", and in 1964 a collection of letters, \"Dear President Johnson\", by Bill Adler. At its height, \"Peanuts\" was published daily in 2,600 papers in 75 countries, in 21 languages. Over the nearly 50 years that \"Peanuts\" was published, Schulz drew nearly 18,000 strips. The strips, plus merchandise and product endorsements, produced revenues of more than $1 billion per year, with Schulz earning an estimated $30 million to $40 million annually. During the strip's run, Schulz", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "168685", "text": "from 1933 to 1940, and as Franklin Delano Roosevelt's vice president from 1941 to 1945. The American industrialist, farmer, and inventor William Edenborn of Winn Parish, Louisiana, grew peanuts on his demonstration farm. He consulted with Carver. In 1916, Carver was made a member of the Royal Society of Arts in England, one of only a handful of Americans at that time to receive this honor. Carver's promotion of peanuts gained him the most notice. In 1919, Carver wrote to a peanut company about the potential he saw for peanut milk. Both he and the peanut industry seemed unaware that", "title": "George Washington Carver" }, { "id": "3279723", "text": "Shermy Shermy is a fictional character from the comic strip \"Peanuts\", by Charles Schulz. Schulz named him after a friend from high school. When Peanuts made its debut on October 2, 1950, Shermy had the first lines of dialogue in the series, ending with \"Good ol' Charlie Brown . . . How I hate him!\" As Peanuts matured, however, Shermy became an extraneous character who was used less and less frequently, until his final appearance in 1969. In a television interview, Schulz said that in the 1950 debut of the strip, it was solely Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and a few", "title": "Shermy" }, { "id": "7802812", "text": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, in Sonoma County, California. The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the famed cartoonist of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, who lived in Santa Rosa for more than 30 years. The airport's logo features Snoopy in World War I flying ace attire atop his doghouse. In the 1930s Santa Rosa had a small municipal airfield owned by Richfield Oil Corporation next to the Redwood Highway about 6 miles southeast of the present airport. Use of the 3,000-foot sod runway at", "title": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport" }, { "id": "4310753", "text": "and the \"Donald Duck\" cartoons eclipsed the \"Mickey Mouse\" series in popularity. The \"Silly Symphonies\", which garnered seven , ended in 1939. The success of \"Snow White\" allowed Disney to build a new, larger studio on Buena Vista Street in Burbank, where The Walt Disney Company remains headquartered to this day. Walt Disney Productions had its initial public offering on April 2, 1940, with Walt Disney as president and chairman and Roy Disney as CEO. The studio launched into the production of new animated features, the first of which was \"Pinocchio\", released in February 1940. \"Pinocchio\" was not initially a", "title": "Walt Disney Animation Studios" }, { "id": "1483747", "text": "Mauldin with a personal letter from Army Chief of Staff General Eric K. Shinseki, and a hardbound book with notes from other senior Army leaders and several celebrities, including TV broadcasters Walter Cronkite and Tom Brokaw, and actor Tom Hanks. Tilley also promoted Mauldin to the honorary rank of first sergeant. Mauldin drew Willie and Joe for publication one last time on Veterans Day in 1998 for a \"Peanuts\" comic strip, in collaboration with its creator Charles M. Schulz, also a World War II veteran. Schulz signed the strip \"Schulz, and my hero...\" with Mauldin's signature underneath. New Mexico native", "title": "Bill Mauldin" }, { "id": "4423450", "text": "To Schulz's delight, the syndicate preferred the strip; however, the name \"Li'l Folks\" was too close to the names of two other comics of the time: Al Capp's \"Li'l Abner\" and a strip titled \"Little Folks\". To avoid confusion, the syndicate chose the name \"Peanuts\", after the peanut gallery featured in the \"Howdy Doody\" TV show. \"Peanuts\" made its first appearance on October 2, 1950, in seven newspapers. \"Li'l Folks\" saw the first use of the name Charlie Brown on May 30, 1948, although Schulz applied the name in four gags to three different boys, as well as one buried", "title": "Li'l Folks" }, { "id": "70134", "text": "Pastis. The issue was addressed in six consecutive \"Pearls\" strips in 2005. Charles Schulz, of \"Peanuts\" fame, requested that his strip not be continued by another cartoonist after his death. He also rejected the idea of hiring an inker or letterer, comparing it to a golfer hiring a man to make his putts. Schulz's family has honored his wishes and refused numerous proposals by syndicators to continue \"Peanuts\" with a new author. Since the consolidation of newspaper comics by the first quarter of the 20th century, most cartoonists have used a group of assistants (with usually one of them credited).", "title": "Comic strip" }, { "id": "3213377", "text": "writings and original letters from Jack London, as well as memorabilia relating to his works. The $41.5 million building is named after Charles M. Schulz, the creator of the Peanuts comic cartoon, and his wife Jean, who donated $5 million to help build and furnish the structure. The Sonoma State Bookstore was operated by Sonoma State Enterprises, Inc. until the spring of 2006 when the operation was outsourced to Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, despite some opposition from faculty members. In addition to the main campus, the university also owns and operates two off–campus study sites for students of the", "title": "Sonoma State University" }, { "id": "2481618", "text": "along with a check for €122,000, by an international jury composed of 11 persons from five continents, led by former United States Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger. The prize was first awarded in 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of the African National Congress, and Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of the Republic of South Africa, and has been awarded each year since, with the exception of 2001 and 2004. Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux (The Old One), was the first President", "title": "Félix Houphouët-Boigny" }, { "id": "6617200", "text": "Jim Sasseville James Frederick Sasseville (August 28, 1927 – November 30, 2005) was an American cartoonist and graphic artist, best known for his work with \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, he graduated from the Minneapolis College of Art in 1948. He served in both World War II and the Korean War. He worked at the Art Instruction Schools, where he met fellow Minnesotan Schulz. Sasseville worked with Schulz on the short-lived sports comic strip \"It's Only a Game\" (1957–1959) and the \"Peanuts\" comic book feature, where he was succeeded by Dale Hale. Though he followed Schulz", "title": "Jim Sasseville" }, { "id": "3324861", "text": "again try to determine what species Woodstock belongs to. Snoopy theorizes Woodstock might be an eagle. Since Snoopy has heard somewhere that eagles are capable of lifting a small child, he suggests Woodstock to try that with Linus. The bird successfully lifts Linus with his wings three inches in the air and holds him up. A last instance is when Snoopy, posing as a football coach, is angry at his player Woodstock for losing \"the book with all our secret plays\", and orders the bird to run twenty thousand laps around the field as punishment. Woodstock fearfully complies. Woodstock is", "title": "Woodstock (Peanuts)" }, { "id": "525746", "text": "took only one vacation, a five-week break in late 1997 to celebrate his 75th birthday; reruns of the strip ran during his vacation, the only time that occurred during Schulz's life. The first collection of \"Peanuts\" strips was published in July 1952 by Rinehart & Company. Many more books followed, greatly contributing to the strip's increasing popularity. In 2004, Fantagraphics began their \"Complete Peanuts\" series. \"Peanuts\" also proved popular in other media; the first animated TV special, \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\", aired in December 1965 and won an Emmy award. Numerous TV specials followed, the latest being \"Happiness is a", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "525747", "text": "Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown\" in 2011. Until his death, Schulz wrote or co-wrote the TV specials and carefully oversaw their production. Charlie Brown, the principal character of \"Peanuts\", was named after a co-worker at Art Instruction Inc. Schulz drew much from his own life, some examples being: The Charles M. Schulz Museum counts Milton Caniff (\"Terry and the Pirates\") and Bill Mauldin as key influences on Schulz's work. In his own strip, Schulz regularly described Snoopy's annual Veterans Day visits with Mauldin, including mention of Mauldin's World War II cartoons. Schulz (and critics) also credited George Herriman (\"Krazy Kat\"), Roy", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "1256853", "text": "(and other \"Peanuts \"characters) made his first animated appearances after they were sponsored by the Ford Motor Company in commercials for its automobiles, as well as for intros to \"The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show. \"The ads were animated by Bill Meléndez for Playhouse Pictures, a cartoon studio that had Ford as a client. In the 1960s, the \"Peanuts \"comic strip entered its Golden Age, and Charlie Brown reached heights higher than ever before, becoming known in numerous countries, with the strip reaching a peak of 355 million readers. In 1960, the now-popular line of Charlie Brown greeting cards was introduced", "title": "Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "17287484", "text": "The Peanuts Movie The Peanuts Movie (known in some countries as Snoopy and Charlie Brown: A Peanuts Movie) is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film based on Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\", produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the fifth full-length \"Peanuts\" film, and the first feature film in 35 years. The film is directed by Steve Martino from a screenplay by Craig and Bryan Schulz (Schulz's son and grandson, respectively), and Cornelius Uliano, and stars the voices of Noah Schnapp as Charlie Brown and, via archival recordings, Bill Melendez as", "title": "The Peanuts Movie" }, { "id": "7473212", "text": "Wee Pals Wee Pals is an American syndicated comic strip about a diverse group of children, created and produced by Morrie Turner. It was the first comic strip syndicated in the United States to have a cast of diverse ethnicity, dubbed the \"Rainbow Gang\". When cartoonist Morrie Turner began questioning why there were no minorities in the comic strips, his mentor, \"Peanuts\" cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, suggested he create one. Morris' first attempt, \"Dinky Fellas\", featured an all-black cast, but found publication in only one newspaper, the \"Chicago Defender\". Turner integrated the strip, renaming it \"Wee Pals\", and on February", "title": "Wee Pals" }, { "id": "5911677", "text": "Why, Charlie Brown, Why? Why, Charlie Brown, Why? is the 33rd prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles M. Schulz. It originally aired on March 16, 1990 and was also nominated for an Emmy. In a departure of the light-hearted themes presented in previous (and subsequent) \"Peanuts\" specials, the story deals with a new character, named Janice, who is diagnosed with cancer. This is the first \"Peanuts\" special of the 1990s. Janice Emmons is a new friend and classmate of Charlie Brown and Linus, who loves to play on the swings. The special begins with", "title": "Why, Charlie Brown, Why?" }, { "id": "3612396", "text": "appears in \"All Winners Comics\" #19, published by Timely Comics. \"Sazae-san\", by Machiko Hasegawa debuts in Fukunichi Shimbun. \"Li'l Folks\", the first comic strip by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz, debuts mainly in Schulz's hometown paper, the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press\", on June 22. \"Li'l Folks\" can almost be regarded as an embryonic version of \"Peanuts\", containing characters and themes which were to reappear in the later strip: a well-dressed young man with a fondness for Beethoven a la Schroeder, a dog with a striking resemblance to Snoopy, and even a boy named Charlie Brown. The Association of Comics Magazine", "title": "1940s in comics" }, { "id": "12368162", "text": "to be inducted with a star, after Schulz. Snoopy Snoopy is Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles M. Schulz. He can also be found in all of the \"Peanuts\" movies and television specials, like \"The Peanuts Movie\". Since his debut on October 4, 1950, Snoopy has become one of the most recognizable and iconic characters in the comic strip, and is considered more famous than Charlie Brown in other countries. The original drawings of Snoopy were inspired by Spike, one of Schulz's childhood dogs. Snoopy is a loyal, innocent, imaginative and good-natured beagle who is", "title": "Snoopy" }, { "id": "5915578", "text": "It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown is the 11th prime-time animated television special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 1, 1974. This was the first Charlie Brown television special that Bill Melendez did not direct, but he still served as producer and provided the voices of Snoopy and Woodstock. This special was released on DVD for the first time, in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, \"Peanuts 1970's Collection, Volume One\". When Woodstock's fancy new nest disappears one", "title": "It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "7802829", "text": "War II, and is still in use today. Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, in Sonoma County, California. The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the famed cartoonist of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, who lived in Santa Rosa for more than 30 years. The airport's logo features Snoopy in World War I flying ace attire atop his doghouse. In the 1930s Santa Rosa had a small municipal airfield owned by Richfield Oil Corporation next to the Redwood Highway about 6 miles southeast of the present", "title": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport" }, { "id": "525857", "text": "game by Namco Networks. In 1980 (with a new edition published in 1990), the Funk & Wagnalls publishing house also produced a children's encyclopedia called the \"Charlie Brown's 'Cyclopedia\". The 15-volume set features many of the Peanuts characters. In April 2002, board game was released by USAopoly. The game was dedicated to Schulz in memory of his passing. An exhibition entitled \"Good Grief, Charlie Brown! Celebrating Snoopy and the Enduring Power of Peanuts\" opens at Somerset House in London on 25 October 2018, running until 3 March 2019. The exhibition brings together Charles M. Schulz original Peanuts cartoons with work", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "10340813", "text": "Red Baron\" and \"Snoopy's Christmas\" – together with other tunes such as \"Snoopy for President\". In 2006 they released \"Snoopy vs Osama\". \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" was inspired by the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or", "title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)" }, { "id": "525810", "text": "World War II (the vicious cat who lives next door to Snoopy—not to be confused with Frieda's cat, Faron), and Charlie Brown's unnamed pen pal, known as his \"pencil-pal\" after Charlie Brown fails to master the fountain pen. Adult figures appeared in the strip only once, during a four-week Sunday-comic sequence in 1954 in which Lucy plays in an amateur golf tournament, with Charlie Brown \"coaching\" her. At no time, however, were any adult faces seen (it was also in this sequence that Lucy's family name, van Pelt, was first revealed). There are adult voices in a few of the", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525785", "text": "While the strip in its early years resembles its later form, there are significant differences. The art was cleaner, sleeker, and simpler, with thicker lines and short, squat characters. For example, in these early strips, Charlie Brown's famous round head is closer to the shape of an American football or rugby football. Most of the kids were initially fairly round-headed. As another example, all the characters (except Charlie Brown) had their mouths longer and had smaller eyes when they looked sideways. The 1960s is known as the \"golden age\" for \"Peanuts\". During this period some of the best-known themes and", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525808", "text": "a time almost always appeared on the back of his mother's bike; and Spike, Snoopy's desert-dwelling brother from Needles, California, who was apparently named for Schulz's own childhood dog. Snoopy also had six other siblings, and four of them made appearances in the strip (his brothers Andy, Olaf, and Marbles, and his sister Belle). Other notable characters include Snoopy's friend Woodstock, a bird whose chirping is represented in print as hash marks but is nevertheless clearly understood by Snoopy; three of Woodstock's friends who usually appeared when on a scouting trip with Snoopy as their scout leader; Pig-Pen, the perpetually", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "10007998", "text": "during the time the exhibit was being planned. As an agent representing cartoonists in the sale of their original comic strip art, Cohen's clientele included Charles M. Schulz, Lynn Johnston, Pat Brady, Greg Evans and Jerry Scott. Cohen got to know Charles Schulz, creator of \"Peanuts\", very well, and Schulz called Cohen his \"cartoon connection\" because of the many cartoonists he met through him. After Schulz' death, the cartoonist's wife started the Charles Schulz Museum, and Mark Cohen became a member of the board of directors. Cohen's wife, Rose Marie McDaniel, later became director of the museum. Cohen died at", "title": "Mark J. Cohen" }, { "id": "525791", "text": "and subsequently helps him build a sand castle, during which he mentions that his father is in Vietnam. He never occupies the same panel, however, with Sally. In 1975, the panel format was shortened slightly horizontally, and shortly thereafter the lettering became larger to compensate. Previously, the daily \"Peanuts\" strips were formatted in a four-panel \"space saving\" format beginning in the 1950s, with a few very rare eight-panel strips, that still fit into the four-panel mold. Beginning on Leap Day in 1988, Schulz abandoned the four-panel format in favor of three-panel dailies and occasionally used the entire length of the", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "12368144", "text": "Snoopy Snoopy is Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles M. Schulz. He can also be found in all of the \"Peanuts\" movies and television specials, like \"The Peanuts Movie\". Since his debut on October 4, 1950, Snoopy has become one of the most recognizable and iconic characters in the comic strip, and is considered more famous than Charlie Brown in other countries. The original drawings of Snoopy were inspired by Spike, one of Schulz's childhood dogs. Snoopy is a loyal, innocent, imaginative and good-natured beagle who is prone to imagining fantasy lives, including being an", "title": "Snoopy" }, { "id": "525839", "text": "year published every May and October. The first volume (collecting strips from 1950 to 1952) was published in May 2004; the volume containing the final newspaper strips (including all the strips from 1999 and seven strips from 2000, along with the complete run of \"Lil' Folks\") was published in May 2016, with a twenty-sixth volume containing outside-the-daily-strip Peanuts material by Schulz appeared in the fall of that year. A companion series, titled \"Peanuts Every Sunday\" and presenting the complete Sunday strips in color (as the main \"Complete Peanuts\" books reproduce them in black and white only), was launched in December", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "3415860", "text": "Jeff Smith (cartoonist) Jeff Smith (born February 27, 1960) is an American cartoonist. He is best known as the creator of the self-published comic book series \"Bone\". Jeff Smith was born in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania to William Earl Smith and Barbara Goodsell. He grew up in Columbus, Ohio. Smith learned about cartooning from comic strips, comic books, and animated TV shows. The strip he found to be the most entertaining was Charles M. Schulz's \"Peanuts\", which he had his father read to him every Sunday, and which inspired him to learn to read. Smith was also inspired by Scrooge McDuck", "title": "Jeff Smith (cartoonist)" }, { "id": "3324862", "text": "left-handed. Both Snoopy and Woodstock were voiced by Bill Melendez from 1972 to 2006. Schulz originally considered the bird to be a female, but after the naming on June 22, 1970, it incidentally changed to be a male. As he explained in an interview in 1987: Despite this, Woodstock was referred to as a male as early as the strip from June 12, 1968. In the Norwegian translation of \"Peanuts\", the bird is named \"Fredrikke\"—a female name—and is always referred to as female. Finnish translation uses the name \"Kaustinen\", without a specified gender and Spain translations uses the name \"Emilio\"—a", "title": "Woodstock (Peanuts)" }, { "id": "4239163", "text": "voted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and added to the National Recording Registry of the Library Congress On August 19, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album quadruple platinum for sales of four millions copies. In November 2014, it was the tenth best-selling Christmas/holiday album in the United States during the SoundScan era. By the early 1960s, Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\" had become a sensation worldwide. Television producer Lee Mendelson acknowledged the strip's cultural impression and produced a documentary on the subject, titled \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\". Mendelson, a fan of jazz,", "title": "A Charlie Brown Christmas (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "525803", "text": "(after earlier hints). In 1960, Hallmark Cards introduced the now popular line of Charlie Brown greeting cards. Charlie Brown and Snoopy reached new heights on May 18, 1969, as they became the names of the command module and lunar module, respectively, for Apollo 10. As the years went by, Shermy, Patty, and Violet appeared less often and were demoted to supporting roles (eventually disappearing from the strip in 1969, 1976, and 1984 respectively, although Patty and Violet were still seen as late as November 27, 1997), while new major characters were introduced. Schroeder, Lucy van Pelt, and her brother Linus", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "15251041", "text": "Esterbrook models, such as the \"Deluxe\" fountain pen and the \"J\" ballpoint pen, both originally released in the 1950s. Esterbrook pens were among those used by Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson to sign legislation. A set of 72 clear Lucite Esterbrook fountain pens were used to sign the civil rights bill into law in 1964. The famous Disney artist Carl Barks was an enthusiastic user of Esterbrook pens. He particularly used a Nº 356 model to ink and letter his famous Donald Duck comic-book pages. Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz used an Esterbrook 914 Radio nib for", "title": "Esterbrook" }, { "id": "2804089", "text": "per short as of 2017); this was about four times the typical budget of a six-minute episode of the Fleischers' popular \"Popeye the Sailor\" cartoons of that period. To the Fleischers' shock, instead of withdrawing its request, Paramount entered into negotiations with them, and got the per-episode budget lowered to $50,000. Now the Fleischers were committed to a project they never wanted to do—with more financial and marketing support than they had ever received for the projects they had done. The first cartoon in the series, simply titled \"Superman\" (a.k.a. \"The Mad Scientist\"), was released on September 26, 1941, and", "title": "Superman (1940s cartoons)" }, { "id": "4325842", "text": "and frequently copied comic strips out of newspapers. Parisi said that after reading Charles Schulz' comic strip \"Peanuts\", he \"immediately wanted to draw it.\" At Salem State University, he changed his major several times before settling on Art, with a concentration in Graphic Art. In both 2008 and 2011, Parisi won the \"Best Newspaper Panel\" award for \"Off the Mark\" from the National Cartoonists Society. He also was nominated for the award in 2004, 2006, 2013, and 2016. In 2013, he won the \"Best Greeting Cards\" award from the National Cartoonists Society. ^ Scott Nickel (August 9, 2009). \"20 Questions", "title": "Mark Parisi" }, { "id": "5915583", "text": "out sending Woodstock falling out of his tree. It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown is the 11th prime-time animated television special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 1, 1974. This was the first Charlie Brown television special that Bill Melendez did not direct, but he still served as producer and provided the voices of Snoopy and Woodstock. This special was released on DVD for the first time, in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, \"Peanuts 1970's Collection, Volume", "title": "It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "525793", "text": "agreement, United Media stored these unpublished strips, the existence of which eventually became public. Plastino himself also claimed to have ghostwritten for Schulz, apparently uncredited, while Schulz underwent heart surgery in 1983. In the 1980s and the 1990s, the strip remained the most popular comic in history, even though other comics, such as \"Garfield\" and \"Calvin and Hobbes\", rivaled \"Peanuts\" in popularity. Schulz continued to write the strip until announcing his retirement on December 14, 1999, due to his failing health. The final daily original \"Peanuts\" comic strip was published on Monday, January 3, 2000. The strip contained a note", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "2357966", "text": "Shakespearean, notably starring as Benedick in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" opposite Katharine Hepburn. Drake was mostly a stage and television actor; he starred in only one film, \"Tars and Spars\" (1946), but played several roles on television, including providing the voice for the Great Ak in the Rankin-Bass stop-motion animated adaptation of the L. Frank Baum novel \"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\". He appeared in a minor film role as president of the stock exchange in the classic comedy \"Trading Places\" (1983), with Eddie Murphy and Dan Aykroyd. His first musical television appearance was as Captain Dick Warrington", "title": "Alfred Drake" }, { "id": "3322733", "text": "Franklin (Peanuts) Franklin Armstrong is a character in the long-running comic strip \"Peanuts\", created by Charles M. Schulz. Introduced on July 31, 1968, Franklin was the first African American character in the strip. He goes to school with Peppermint Patty and Marcie. In his first story arc, he met Charlie Brown when they were both at the beach. Franklin's father was a soldier fighting in Vietnam, to which Charlie Brown replied \"My dad's a barber...he was in a war too, but I don't know which one.\" Franklin later paid Charlie Brown a visit and found some of Charlie Brown's other", "title": "Franklin (Peanuts)" }, { "id": "11164761", "text": "making a slapstick comedy, he returned his advising fee; he said he had never seen the result. \"Willie and Joe\" were satirized as \"Billie and Moe\" by Warren Sattler in \"National Lampoon Presents The Very Large Book of Comical Funnies\". On Veterans' Day 1998, Willie and Joe appeared in the comic strip \"Peanuts\" in a strip that Mauldin drew with Charles M. Schulz. On March 31, 2010, the United States Post Office released a first-class denomination \"$0.44\" postage stamp in Mauldin's honor depicting him with Willie & Joe. Original Willie & Joe comics and other illustrations by Bill Mauldin are", "title": "Willie and Joe" }, { "id": "3012431", "text": "Giants trailing 1–0, Willie Mays was on second base and Matty Alou was on third base. Any base hit would likely have won the championship for the Giants. McCovey hit a hard line drive that was snared by the Yankees' second baseman Bobby Richardson, ending the series with a Yankees' win. The moment was immortalized in two \"Peanuts\" comic strips by Charles M. Schulz. The first ran on December 22, 1962, with Charlie Brown sitting silently alongside Linus for three panels before suddenly lamenting, \"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\" The second, from January 28,", "title": "Willie McCovey" }, { "id": "5123474", "text": "decided to name the competition after him for entirely the wrong reasons\". The \"Peanuts\" comic strip character Snoopy, in his imagined persona as the World Famous Author, always begins his novels with the phrase \"It was a dark and stormy night.\" Cartoonist Charles Schulz made Snoopy use this phrase because \"it was a cliché, and had been one for a very long time\". A book by Schulz, titled \"It Was a Dark and Stormy Night, Snoopy,\" and credited to Snoopy as author, was published by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston in 1971. It is the opening line in the popular 1962", "title": "It was a dark and stormy night" }, { "id": "3624330", "text": "Plug\". Barney's beloved \"brown-eyed baby\" was a bow-legged nag who seldom raced, and he was typically seen almost totally covered by his trademark patched blanket with his name scrawled on the side. \"Peanuts\" creator Charles M. Schulz was known to his friends as Sparky, a lifelong nickname given to him by his uncle as a diminutive of \"Barney Google\"'s Spark Plug. Comics historian Don Markstein noted that, In deference to his enormous popularity during this period, the strip was retitled \"Barney Google and Spark Plug\". DeBeck's strip hit its peak of popularity with Spark Plug at about the same time", "title": "Barney Google and Snuffy Smith" }, { "id": "6117006", "text": "Paul Reinman Paul J. Reinman (; born Joseph Paul Reinmann, ; 2 September 1910 – 27 September 1988) was an American comic book artist best known as one of Jack Kirby's frequent inkers during the period comics fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books. This included the first issues of \"The Incredible Hulk\" and \"The X-Men\". Paul Reinman was born in Germany and raised in Pfiffligheim, a borough of Worms, seat of one of the oldest Ashkenazi communities. The second of five children, and the eldest son, of real-estate agent and farm-produce broker Bernhard and his wife,", "title": "Paul Reinman" }, { "id": "5911781", "text": "What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? A Tribute is the 26th prime-time animated television special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz, who introduced the special. It originally aired on the CBS network on May 30, 1983, Memorial Day in the United States, and one week prior to the 39th anniversary of the D-Day Invasion. It aired on CBS only one other time, on May 26, 1984, which was the Saturday before Memorial Day, and ten days prior to the 40th anniversary of the D-Day Invasion. The special directly follows the", "title": "What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown?" }, { "id": "2028568", "text": "one article at the time, the Shmoo showed \"Thrift, loyalty, trust, duty, truth and common \"cents\" [that] add up to aid to his nation\". Al Capp accompanied President Harry S. Truman at the bond's unveiling ceremony. \"The Life and Times of the Shmoo\" (1948), a paperback collection of the original sequence, was a bestseller for Simon & Schuster and became the first cartoon book to achieve serious literary attention. Distributed to small town magazine racks, it sold 700,000 copies in its first year of publication alone. It was reviewed coast to coast alongside Dwight Eisenhower's \"Crusade in Europe\" (the other", "title": "Shmoo" }, { "id": "525795", "text": "long, it began with Charlie Brown answering the phone with someone on the other end presumably asking for Snoopy. Charlie Brown responded with \"No, I think he's writing.\" The next panel shows Snoopy sitting at his typewriter with the opening to a letter addressed to \"Dear Friends\". The final panel features a large blue sky background over which several drawings from past strips are placed. Underneath those drawings is a colorized version of Schulz's January 3 strip, with almost the same note he wrote to fans, which reads as follows: Many other cartoonists paid tribute to \"Peanuts\" and Schulz by", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525837", "text": "strips omitted from each year) continued through the 1980s, after which reprint rights were handed off to various other publishers. Ballantine Books published the last original series of \"Peanuts\" reprints, including \"Peanuts 2000\", which collected the final year of the strip's run. Coinciding with these reprints were smaller paperback collections published by Fawcett Publications. Drawing material from the main reprints, this paperback series began with \"The Wonderful World of Peanuts\" in 1962 and continued through \"Lead On, Snoopy\" in 1992. Charles Schulz had always resisted republication of the earliest \"Peanuts\" strips, as they did not reflect the characters as he", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "525758", "text": "age of 77, of colon cancer. The last original \"Peanuts\" strip was published the next day, Sunday, February 13. Schulz had predicted that the strip would outlive him because the strips were usually drawn weeks before their publication. Schulz was buried at Pleasant Hills Cemetery in Sebastopol, California. As part of his contract with the syndicate, Schulz requested that no other artist be allowed to draw \"Peanuts\". United Features had legal ownership of the strip, but honored his wishes, instead syndicating reruns to newspapers. New television specials have also been produced since Schulz's death, with the stories based on previous", "title": "Charles M. Schulz" }, { "id": "3322739", "text": "full name Franklin Armstrong. Schulz did not consider the animations canonical to the strip. Thus, since this is never stated in the comic strip (nor any other special), it is considered apocryphal. However, while hard core fans say the animated specials don't count since Schultz did not write all of them, it does seem clear that Schultz chose the name Armstrong, naming Franklin after Robb Armstrong, the African-American creator of the comic strip \"Jump Start\". Though much younger, Armstrong knew Schultz professionally. He recounts that in the 1990s Schultz phoned him because a video was coming out for which all", "title": "Franklin (Peanuts)" }, { "id": "10169244", "text": "titled \"Peanuts Every Sunday\", collecting only the Sunday strips of the \"Peanuts\" series, was launched by Fantagraphics in 2013 and is scheduled to run until 2022. Schulz began to discuss an anthology of his work with Fantagraphics Books in 1997. The idea of a complete compendium of all published \"Peanuts\" strips was long resisted by Schulz; he did not want some early strips reprinted as he felt they were not as good as the ones he drew later in his career. Approximately 2,000 of the 17,897 strips had never appeared in a previous U.S. collection. The first book in the", "title": "The Complete Peanuts" }, { "id": "4341827", "text": "Series to the Oakland A's in a series interrupted by a major earthquake. 1962 World Series (4–3): New York Yankees (A.L.) over San Francisco Giants (N.L.) For the \"Peanuts\" comic strip of December 22, 1962, cartoonist and Giants fan Charles M. Schulz depicted Charlie Brown sitting glumly with Linus, lamenting in the last panel, \"Why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball just three feet higher?\" The January 28, 1963, strip featured a nearly identical scene, except in the last panel Charlie Brown moaned, \"Or why couldn't McCovey have hit the ball even \"two\" feet higher?\" During the 1981 Major League", "title": "1962 World Series" }, { "id": "41256", "text": "doubts. Beagles have been featured across a wide range of media. References to the dog appear before the 19th century in works by such writers as William Shakespeare, John Webster, John Dryden, Thomas Tickell, Henry Fielding, and William Cowper, as well as in Alexander Pope's translation of Homer's \"Iliad\". Beagles appeared in funny animal comic strips and animated cartoons from the 1950s with Courage the Cowardly Dog and the \"Peanuts\" character Snoopy was billed as \"the world's most famous Beagle\". In Disney's Donald Duck universe, the Beagle Boys are a clan of criminal anthropomorphic beagles. Former US President Lyndon Baines", "title": "Beagle" }, { "id": "525821", "text": "cartoon studio that had Ford as a client. Schulz and Meléndez became friends, and when producer Lee Mendelson decided to make a two-minute animated sequence for a TV documentary called \"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\" in 1963, he brought on Meléndez for the project. Before the documentary was completed, the three of them (with help from their sponsor, the Coca-Cola Company) produced their first half-hour animated special, the Emmy- and Peabody Award-winning \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\", which was first aired on the CBS network on December 9, 1965. This episode is undoubtedly the most widely recognized of all \"Peanuts\" TV", "title": "Peanuts" }, { "id": "13796191", "text": "Pokémon, Popeye, John Lennon, the Walt Disney cartoon characters and classic motion pictures, Jackie Chan, Barbra Streisand, Bob Dylan, Major League Baseball, NFL Superbowl\" (sic)\", and the Sylvester Stallone 'Rocky' motion pictures to name just a few.\"\" IGPC has replied to charges of inappropriate issues by saying that \"\"Pop culture stamps are only about 10 percent of what we do, even though they get most of the attention,\" insists Lonnie Ostrow, an I.G.P.C. spokesman. \"The rest are what we call 'definitives' -- the usual flags, flowers, fearless leaders and dead presidents.\"\" According to IGPC, they employ a research team of", "title": "Inter-Governmental Philatelic Corporation" }, { "id": "519933", "text": "me Duke.\" Though Ellington took piano lessons, he was more interested in baseball. \"President Roosevelt (Teddy) would come by on his horse sometimes, and stop and watch us play\", he recalled. Ellington went to Armstrong Technical High School in Washington, D.C. He gained his first job selling peanuts at Washington Senators baseball games. In the summer of 1914, while working as a soda jerk at the Poodle Dog Café, Ellington wrote his first composition, \"Soda Fountain Rag\" (also known as the \"Poodle Dog Rag\"). He created the piece by ear, as he had not yet learned to read and write", "title": "Duke Ellington" }, { "id": "1068019", "text": "once that if you want to be the best, you must never let anyone, anyone, know what you really feel. You see, she told me, they can't hurt you if they don't know. Concerning the qualities of a champion tennis player, King said, King's friend Elton John wrote the song “Philadelphia Freedom”, a nod to her World TeamTennis team, for King. Released New Year's Day 1975, became a number 1 hit. Charles M. Schulz, creator of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, was an admirer and close friend. Schulz referred to King several times in \"Peanuts\" and used the comic strip to", "title": "Billie Jean King" }, { "id": "5915818", "text": "time, in remastered form as part of the DVD box set, \"Peanuts 1960s Collection.\" On October 6, 2015, the special was released in the remastered deluxe edition of \"He's a Bully, Charlie Brown\" along with an episode from \"The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show\" as bonus specials. It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown is the sixth prime-time animated TV specials based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" created by Charles M. Schulz. It was directed by Bill Meléndez and originally aired on CBS on 27 September 1969. This was also the first", "title": "It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "5933848", "text": "the wider market in 2010. It was re-released as part of the box set Snoopy's Holiday Collection on October 1, 2013. Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. This special begins, when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He denies that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown", "title": "Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown?" }, { "id": "1063934", "text": "and Charlie Brown joins them as the special ends. <br> By the early 1960s, Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\" had become a sensation worldwide. Television producer Lee Mendelson acknowledged the strip's cultural impression and had an idea for a documentary on its success, phoning Schulz to propose the idea. Schulz, an avid baseball fan, recognized Mendelson from his documentary on ballplayer Willie Mays, \"A Man Named Mays\", and invited him to his home in Sebastopol, California, to discuss the project. Their meeting was cordial, with the plan to produce a half-hour documentary set. Mendelson wanted to feature roughly \"one", "title": "A Charlie Brown Christmas" }, { "id": "1256847", "text": "year, his signature zig-zag T-shirt appeared; formerly, he only wore a plain one. On the March 6, 1951, strip, Charlie Brown first appears to play baseball, as he was warming up before telling Shermy that they can start the game; however, he was the catcher, not yet the pitcher. Charlie Brown's relationships with other \"Peanuts \"characters initially differed significantly from their later states, and their concepts were grown up through this decade until they reached their more established forms. An example is his relationship with Violet Gray, to whom he was introduced on the February 7, 1951, strip. The two", "title": "Charlie Brown" }, { "id": "525817", "text": "and Snoopy stands in Depot Park in downtown Santa Rosa. Schulz was included in the touring exhibition \"Masters of American Comics\". His work was described as \"psychologically complex,\" and his style as \"perfectly in keeping with the style of its times.\" Despite the widespread acclaim \"Peanuts\" has received, some critics have alleged a decline in quality in the later years of its run, as Schulz frequently digressed from the more cerebral socio-psychological themes that characterized his earlier work in favor of lighter, more whimsical fare. For example, in an essay published in the \"New York Press\" at the time of", "title": "Peanuts" } ]

{ "compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Peanuts context: the entire life of the Sunday strip. Most of the other characters that eventually became the main characters of Peanuts did not appear until later: Violet (February 1951), Schroeder (May 1951), Lucy (March 1952), Linus (September 1952), Pig-Pen (July 1954), Sally (August 1959), Frieda (March 1961), \"Peppermint\" Patty (August 1966), Woodstock (introduced April 1967; given a name in June 1970), Franklin (July 1968), Marcie (July 1971), and Rerun (March 1973 Schulz decided to produce all aspects of the strip himself from the script to the finished art and lettering. Schulz did, however, hire help to produce the comic book adaptations\n\nWho was President when the first Peanuts cartoon was published?", "compressed_tokens": 229, "origin_tokens": 230, "ratio": "1.0x", "saving": ", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4." }

{ "compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Peanuts context: four-panel gag strip as the standard in the United States, and together with its merchandise earned Schulz more than $1 billion. The strip focuses entirely on a social circle of young children, where adults exist but are rarely seen or heard. The main character, Charlie Brown, is meek, nervous, and lacks self-confidence. He is unable to fly a kite, win a baseball game, or kick a football held by his irascible friend Lucy, who always pulls it away at the last instant. \"Peanuts\" is one of the literate strips with philosophical, psychological, and sociological overtones that flourished in the 1950s.\n\ntitle'l Folks context: To Schulz's delight, synd the strip; however, the name \"Li'l Folks\" too close to the names two otherics of the time: Al Capp's \"Li'l Abner\" strip titled \"Little Fol\". To confusion syndicate the name \"Peanuts\", the peanut featured in \"Howdy Doody\" TV show \"Peanuts\" made its first October 2, 1950, seven newspapers \"Li'l Folks the use of the Charlie Brown on May30, 198, although Schulz the name g to three different boys, as well as one buried\ntitle: years. Some chronological repr of the strip, while wereatic collections as \"s Tennis\", of inspirational adages asHapp Is a single-story produced, suchS the Baron.\" In, of televisionals feature form. Rhart (atert Winst beginning in 152 of titledPean This presented thepsbeit with\ntitle:uts synd strip that after.\" most17,897 strips published in all, making it \"arguably the longest story ever told by one human being\". At its peak in the mid- to late 1960s, \"Peanuts\" ran in over 2,600 newspapers, with a readership of around 355 million in 75 countries, and was translated into 21 languages. It helped to cement the\n\nWho was President when the first Peanuts cartoon was published?", "compressed_tokens": 475, "origin_tokens": 15117, "ratio": "31.8x", "saving": ", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4." }

[ "(Harry) Sinclair Lewis", "Harry Sinclair Lewis", "Lewis, (Harry) Sinclair", "Grace Hegger", "Sinclair Lewis" ]

[ { "id": "612144", "text": "Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.\" His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, \"[If] there", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "2103239", "text": "Babbitt (novel) Babbitt (1922), by Sinclair Lewis, is a satirical novel about American culture and society that critiques the vacuity of middle-class life and the social pressure toward conformity. The controversy provoked by \"Babbitt\" was influential in the decision to award the Nobel Prize in literature to Lewis in 1930. The word \"Babbitt\" entered the English language as a \"person and especially a business or professional man who conforms unthinkingly to prevailing middle-class standards\". After the social instability and sharp economic depression that followed World War I, many Americans in the 1920s saw business and city growth as foundations for", "title": "Babbitt (novel)" }, { "id": "1437611", "text": "of an immense exuberance, organic in its form, kinetic, and drenched with the love of life... I rejoice over Mr. Wolfe.\" Both in his 1930 Nobel Prize for Literature acceptance speech and original press conference announcement, Sinclair Lewis, the first American to win the Nobel Prize for literature, said of Wolfe, \"He may have a chance to be the greatest American writer... In fact I don't see why he should not be one of the greatest world writers.\" Upon publication of his second novel, \"Of Time and the River\", most reviewers and the public remained supportive, though some critics found", "title": "Thomas Wolfe" }, { "id": "612156", "text": "to escape the circus in search of a better life in the real world, first published in \"Cosmopolitan\" magazine. The story was acquired by Walt Disney Pictures in 1940 for a possible feature film. World War II sidetracked those plans until 1947. Disney used the story (now titled \"Bongo\") as part of its feature \"Fun and Fancy Free\". In 1930 Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first writer from the United States to receive the award, after he had been nominated by Henrik Schück, member of the Swedish Academy. In the Academy's presentation speech, special attention was paid", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "980666", "text": "Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression\", which describes Long's brief but vast popularity early in the 1930s. Leading novelists have explored the regime Long created. Garry Boulard believed him to be the inspiration for Buzz Windrip in Sinclair Lewis's \"It Can't Happen Here\", calling the work \"the most chilling and uncanny treatment of Huey by a writer\". Lewis, a liberal who in 1930 had won the Nobel Prize in literature, portrayed a genuine American dictator on the Hitler model. The lead character of \"It Can't Happen Here\" is a populist, big business-bashing senator Buzz Windrip who wins", "title": "Huey Long" }, { "id": "612158", "text": "winning the Nobel Prize, Lewis wrote eleven more novels, ten of which appeared in his lifetime. The best remembered is \"It Can't Happen Here\" (1935), a novel about the election of a fascist to the American presidency. After praising Dreiser as \"pioneering,\" that he \"more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in American fiction to honesty and boldness and passion of life\" in his Nobel Lecture in December 1930, in March 1931 Lewis publicly accused Dreiser of plagiarizing a book by Dorothy Thompson, Lewis's wife,", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "7291381", "text": "of New York and Massachusetts were top destinations for Armenian immigrants in early twentieth century. The area between the East 20th St., Lexington Avenue and first Avenue, where a compact Armenian population lived and Armenian shops existed, was called \"Little Armenia\" until the 1960s. The area was mentioned in 1914 book \"Our Mr. Wren: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man\" by Sinclair Lewis (the 1930 Nobel Prize Winner). Today, according to estimates there are 150,000 Armenians in the Tri-State area. Queens is home to some 50,000 Armenian Americans, Manhattan has 10,000 Armenian population centered in Gramercy Park, Kips Bay", "title": "Armenian Americans" }, { "id": "3962643", "text": "that hostility toward Israel was, in the American press world, “almost a definition of professional suicide.” She eventually concluded that Zionism was a recipe for perpetual war. Thompson died 1961, aged 67, in Lisbon, Portugal and is buried in the Town cemetery, Barnard, Vermont She was married three times, most famously to second husband and Nobel Prize in literature winner Sinclair Lewis. In 1923 she married her first husband, Hungarian Joseph Bard; they divorced in 1927. Thompson married Lewis in 1928 and acquired a house in Vermont. They had one son, Michael Lewis, born in 1930. The couple divorced in", "title": "Dorothy Thompson" }, { "id": "546492", "text": "sexual promiscuity, offended authorities and challenged popular standards of acceptable opinion. In 1930 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature by Swedish author Anders Österling, but was passed over in favor of Sinclair Lewis. Politically, Dreiser was involved in several campaigns defending radicals whom he believed had been the victims of social injustice. These included the lynching of Frank Little, one of the leaders of the Industrial Workers of the World, the Sacco and Vanzetti case, the deportation of Emma Goldman, and the conviction of the trade union leader Thomas Mooney. In November 1931, Dreiser led the National", "title": "Theodore Dreiser" }, { "id": "13897055", "text": "would last no longer, however, than this eventful ten-year period between the early twenties and the appearance of \"The Mad Stone\". Despite the early promise, she never published another novel. (The same period was similarly fruitful for another small town Minnesotan, Sinclair Lewis, who was developing some of the same themes in \"Main Street\", \"Babbitt\", and \"Elmer Gantry\" before becoming the first American winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.) After 1932, and during the decade of the 1940s, Beers attempted no sustained writing efforts as ambitious as novels. Her time and energies were increasingly consumed, she would tell confidants", "title": "Lorna Beers" }, { "id": "2370975", "text": "but was rejected by the Board of Trustees, who overturned the jury's decision. The prize went, instead, to Edith Wharton for \"The Age of Innocence\". In 1926 Lewis refused the Pulitzer when he was awarded it for \"Arrowsmith.\" In 1930, Lewis was the first American ever awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. While a Nobel Prize is awarded to the author not the work, and itself does not cite a particular work for which he was chosen, \"Main Street\" was Lewis' best-known work and enormously popular at the time. In the Nobel committee's presentation speech, both \"Main Street\" and \"Arrowsmith\"", "title": "Main Street (novel)" }, { "id": "1154037", "text": "altered version. Not until 1981 did Dreiser's unaltered version appear when the University of Pennsylvania Press issued a scholarly edition based upon the original manuscript held by the New York Public Library. It is a reconstruction by a team of leading scholars to represent the novel before it was edited by hands other than Dreiser's. In his Nobel Prize Lecture of 1930, Sinclair Lewis said that \"Dreiser's great first novel, \"Sister Carrie\", which he dared to publish thirty long years ago and which I read twenty-five years ago, came to housebound and airless America like a great free Western wind,", "title": "Sister Carrie" }, { "id": "1396070", "text": "\"Main Street\", but Columbia University's advisory board, led by conservative university president Nicholas Murray Butler, overturned their decision and awarded the prize to \"The Age of Innocence\". She was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927, 1928 and 1930. Wharton was friend and confidante to many gifted intellectuals of her time: Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, Jean Cocteau and André Gide were all her guests at one time or another. Theodore Roosevelt, Bernard Berenson, and Kenneth Clark were valued friends as well. Particularly notable was her meeting with F. Scott Fitzgerald, described by the editors of her letters", "title": "Edith Wharton" }, { "id": "245164", "text": "that \"the flower of youth and the best manhood of the peoples [had] been mowed down,\" for example such notable casualties as the poets Isaac Rosenberg, Rupert Brooke, Edward Thomas and Wilfred Owen, composer George Butterworth and physicist Henry Moseley. Members of the Lost Generation include Sinclair Lewis, who was the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, United States Army General George S. Patton, Russian-born composer Irving Berlin, American writer, reporter, and political commentator Walter Lippmann, Earl Warren, American theologian, ethicist, and commentator on politics Reinhold Niebuhr, Actresses Lillian Gish, Mary Pickford, and Mae West, American poet", "title": "Lost Generation" }, { "id": "1139359", "text": "Investigation Discovery series \"Fear Thy Neighbor\". The episode aired on April 20, 2015. Sauk Centre, Minnesota Sauk Centre is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,317 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Sinclair Lewis, a novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, and Sauk Centre served as the inspiration for Gopher Prairie, the fictional setting of Lewis's 1920 novel \"Main Street\". Sauk Centre is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most local histories relate the naming of the town was done through a lottery. The eight original town", "title": "Sauk Centre, Minnesota" }, { "id": "10385513", "text": "Francis, including another visit from William Jennings Bryan. During the 1920s, the St. Francis became the fashionable place to stay for celebrities and film actors coming from Hollywood. St. Francis guests included silent film stars Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, cowboy star Tom Mix, Mabel Normand, Fatty Arbuckle, and directors D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille.Other guests included novelist Sinclair Lewis, the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, circus impresarios the Ringling Brothers, dancer Isadora Duncan, songwriter George M. Cohan, and Duke Kahanamoku, the champion swimmer of the world, who popularized the sport of surfing. One", "title": "Westin St. Francis" }, { "id": "1139349", "text": "Sauk Centre, Minnesota Sauk Centre is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,317 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Sinclair Lewis, a novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, and Sauk Centre served as the inspiration for Gopher Prairie, the fictional setting of Lewis's 1920 novel \"Main Street\". Sauk Centre is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most local histories relate the naming of the town was done through a lottery. The eight original town shareholders submitted suggestions for a name. The name Sauk Centre was selected. The", "title": "Sauk Centre, Minnesota" }, { "id": "612166", "text": "of alcoholism \"per se\". He reported that Lewis had a heart attack and that his doctors advised him to stop drinking if he wanted to live. Lewis did not stop, and perhaps could not; he died when his heart stopped. In summing up Lewis' career, Shirer concludes: Samuel J. Rogal edited \"The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)\", a seven-volume set published in 2007 by Edwin Mellen Press. The first attempt to collect all of Lewis's short stories. Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930,", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "12373004", "text": "Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, would be recognized as America's other essential poet. Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, including John Steinbeck, William Faulkner, Eugene O'Neill, Pearl S. Buck, T. S. Eliot and Sinclair Lewis. Ernest Hemingway, the 1954 Nobel laureate, is often named as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\" (1851), Twain's \"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\" (1885), F. Scott Fitzgerald's \"The Great Gatsby\" (1925), and Harper Lee's \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1960)—", "title": "Culture of the United States" }, { "id": "2103269", "text": "$123,000 and made $278,000 domestic and $28,000 foreign, being a total of $306,000. The second was a 1934 talkie starring Guy Kibbee. That version, while remaining somewhat true to Lewis's novel, takes liberties with the plot, exaggerating Babbitt's affair and a sour real estate deal. Both films were Warner Bros. productions. Babbitt (novel) Babbitt (1922), by Sinclair Lewis, is a satirical novel about American culture and society that critiques the vacuity of middle-class life and the social pressure toward conformity. The controversy provoked by \"Babbitt\" was influential in the decision to award the Nobel Prize in literature to Lewis in", "title": "Babbitt (novel)" }, { "id": "3409057", "text": "future Nobel prize-winners – Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, and Eugene O'Neill – as well as many other American writers including H. L. Mencken, Robert Frost, and Margaret Mead. British and other European authors published by Cape included H. E. Bates, Peter Fleming, Robert Graves, Christopher Isherwood, James Joyce, Malcolm Lowry, André Maurois, and Henry Williamson. The firm's best-sellers included Arthur Ransome's adventure books, Hugh Lofting's Doctor Dolittle stories, and most profitable of all, Ian Fleming's James Bond series. Cape opened an American publishing house in 1929, first in partnership with Harrison Smith and later with Robert Ballou. The firm was", "title": "Jonathan Cape" }, { "id": "11128508", "text": "Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home The Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States. From 1889 until 1902 it was the home of young Sinclair Lewis (1885–1951), who would become the most famous American novelist of the 1920s and the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. His most famous book, \"Main Street\", was inspired by the town of Sauk Centre as Lewis perceived it from this home. The Sinclair Lewis Foundation acquired the house in 1956 and has restored to its appearance during Lewis's boyhood. They offer", "title": "Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home" }, { "id": "308179", "text": "even years before publication, to a working writer this was a crucial difference in cash flow. Some pulp editors became known for cultivating good fiction and interesting features in their magazines. Preeminent pulp magazine editors included Arthur Sullivant Hoffman (\"Adventure)\", Robert H. Davis (\"All-Story Weekly\"), Harry E. Maule (\"Short Stories\"), Donald Kennicott (\"Blue Book\"), Joseph T. Shaw (\"Black Mask\"), Farnsworth Wright (\"Weird Tales\", \"Oriental Stories\"), John W. Campbell (\"Astounding Science Fiction\", \"Unknown\") and Daisy Bacon (\"Love Story Magazine\", \"Detective Story Magazine\"). Well-known authors who wrote for pulps include: Sinclair Lewis, first American winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, worked", "title": "Pulp magazine" }, { "id": "8778712", "text": "articles addressing the work of non-European writers. House also encouraged the inclusion of features of more popular style and wider appeal, as with the surveys of celebrated writers on questions of general cultural interest and a variety of symposium topics, such as the 1932 discussion, the first of many more to come, on the Nobel Prize. Related topics for symposia included “Transplanted Writers,” “Women Playwrights,” “Foster-Mother Tongue,” and “Can’t Book Reviewers Be Honest?” By the early 1930s, such celebrated authors as Sinclair Lewis, H. L. Mencken, Upton Sinclair, and Henry Van Dyke were publishing critical texts in \"Books Abroad\". House", "title": "World Literature Today" }, { "id": "19498103", "text": "(1924), \"Strange Interlude\" (Pulitzer Prize 1928), \"Mourning Becomes Electra\" (1931). In poetry Hart Crane published \"The Bridge\" in 1930 and E. E. Cummings and Wallace Stevens were publishing from the 1920s until the 1950s. Similarly William Faulkner continued to publish until the 1950s and was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1949. However, not all those writing in these years were modernists; among the writers outside the movement were American novelists Theodore Dreiser, Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald (\"The Great Gatsby\" 1925), and John Steinbeck. Important British writers between the World Wars, include the Scottish poet Hugh MacDiarmid (1892–1978), who", "title": "Twentieth-century English literature" }, { "id": "1824586", "text": "Roosevelt for President in the election of that year. They also worked to establish the American Labor Party (ALP), a labor-oriented umbrella organization that included both socialist and non-socialist elements, putting forward both its own candidates as well as endorsing those of the Democratic and Republican parties. Upton Sinclair, a prominent novelist, had long been associated with the Socialist Party in California. He was twice its candidate for Congress and its nominee for governor in 1930, but won fewer than 50,000 votes. In 1934, Sinclair ran in the Democratic primary for governor and astonished everyone by a sweeping victory in", "title": "Socialist Party of America" }, { "id": "11157", "text": "of his early work on the \"Sac Prairie Saga\", Derleth was awarded the prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship; his sponsors were Helen C. White, Nobel Prize-winning novelist Sinclair Lewis and poet Edgar Lee Masters of \"Spoon River Anthology\" fame. In the mid-1930s, Derleth organized a Ranger's Club for young people, served as clerk and president of the local school board, served as a parole officer, organized a local men's club and a parent-teacher association. He also lectured in American regional literature at the University of Wisconsin and was a contributing editor of \"Outdoors Magazine\". With longtime friend Donald Wandrei, Derleth in 1939", "title": "August Derleth" }, { "id": "211193", "text": "they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception\". Many critics complained that the author's best works were behind him. \"The New York Times\" ran an article by Arthur Mizener titled \"Does a Writer with a Moral Vision of the 1930s Deserve the Nobel Prize?\" that claimed Steinbeck was undeserving of the prestigious prize as he was a \"limited talent\" whose works were \"watered down by tenth-rate philosophizing\". Many American critics now consider these attacks to be politically motivated. The British newspaper \"The Guardian\", in a 2013 article that revealed that Steinbeck had been a compromise choice for the Nobel Prize,", "title": "John Steinbeck" }, { "id": "1241843", "text": "Barnard, Vermont Barnard is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 947 at the 2010 census. The town was chartered on July 17, 1761, by a New Hampshire Grant and named \"Bernard\" after the second-listed grantee of the town (with five others), Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, and since 1760 Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The town's name was changed to Barnard some time before 1810. In 1928, Nobel Prize-winning novelist Sinclair Lewis bought Connett Place with a total and adjacent Chase Farm. He named the property Twin Farms and used it as a", "title": "Barnard, Vermont" }, { "id": "8778726", "text": "whether or not that writer had won the Nobel Prize. At the top of the “Super-Nobel” list were several non-Nobel winners, such as Marcel Proust, Franz Kafka, and Theodore Dreiser, but the award went to Thomas Mann, who had, in fact, won the Nobel in 1929 and who became a frequent contributor to \"Books Abroad\". In 1948, \"WLT\" founding editor Roy Temple House was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. The South Central Modern Language Association held its annual meeting in Norman, Oklahoma in October of that year, and the membership formally endorsed Professor House for prize on the occasion", "title": "World Literature Today" }, { "id": "10922407", "text": "married in 1924. They moved to Italy, where their son, Peter, was born in San Remo. Two years later, they moved to the largest art colony on the Pacific Coast, Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, where their friends and neighbors included photographer Edward Weston, poet Robinson Jeffers, philosopher/mythologist Joseph Campbell, nutritionist/author Adelle Davis, short story writer/poet Clark Ashton Smith, marine biologist/ecologist Ed Ricketts, Nobel prize winner Sinclair Lewis, and novelists John Steinbeck and Henry Miller. Carmel was sharply divided between conservative and liberal factions; the latter quickly coalesced around the Steffenses, who publicly debated the most controversial topics. The Irish poet and folklorist", "title": "Ella Winter" }, { "id": "2025861", "text": "fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. Novelists include: Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), who was also a successful poet; H. G. Wells (1866–1946); John Galsworthy (1867–1933), (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932), whose novels include \"The Forsyte Saga\" (1906–21); Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of \"The Old Wives' Tale\" (1908); G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936); E.M. Forster (1879–1970). The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). H. G. Wells", "title": "British literature" }, { "id": "612157", "text": "to \"Babbitt\". In his Nobel Lecture, Lewis praised Theodore Dreiser, Willa Cather, Ernest Hemingway, and other contemporaries, but also lamented that \"in America most of us—not readers alone, but even writers—are still afraid of any literature which is not a glorification of everything American, a glorification of our faults as well as our virtues,\" and that America is \"the most contradictory, the most depressing, the most stirring, of any land in the world today.\" He also offered a profound criticism of the American literary establishment: \"Our American professors like their literature clear and cold and pure and very dead.\" After", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "2025889", "text": "Day. World Book Day is observed in Britain and the Crown Dependencies on the first Thursday in March annually. British recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature include Rudyard Kipling (1907), John Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Eliot (1948), Bertrand Russell (1950), Winston Churchill (1953), William Golding (1983), V. S. Naipaul (2001), Harold Pinter (2005) Doris Lessing (2007), and Kazuo Ishiguro (2017). Literary prizes for which writers from the United Kingdom are eligible include: British literature British literature is literature from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands. This article covers British literature in the English language. Anglo-Saxon (Old", "title": "British literature" }, { "id": "17900950", "text": "Frieda Robscheit-Robbins Frieda S. Robscheit-Robbins (8 June 1888 – 18 December 1973) was a German-born American pathologist who worked closely with George Hoyt Whipple, conducting research into the use of liver tissue in treatment of pernicious anaemia, co-authoring 21 papers between 1925 and 1930. Whipple received a Nobel Prize in 1934 in recognition of this work, but Robscheit-Robbins was not recognized in this award, although Whipple did share the prize money with her. Had she won the Nobel Prize alongside Whipple, Robscheit-Robbins would have been the second woman after Marie Curie to win the prestigious international award, and the first", "title": "Frieda Robscheit-Robbins" }, { "id": "3411696", "text": "copyright reading of \"Aphrodite against Artemis\", was the first production staged by the club, at the Dalston Theatre on 30 July 1901. Yeats described the play as \"powerful with a beautiful constrained passion.\" In 1913 Moore nominated Rabindranath Tagore the Indian poet for the Nobel Prize in literature. Moore received a civil list pension of £75 per annum in 1920 in recognition of his contribution to literature. In 1930 he was nominated as one of seven candidates for the position of Poet Laureate. He suffered from chronic ill health, suffering a series of heart attacks in 1942 and 1943, and", "title": "Thomas Sturge Moore" }, { "id": "14285566", "text": "Socialist Party of California The Socialist Party of California (SPCA) is a socialist political party in the U.S. state of California. Founded in the early 1900s, it has been the state chapter of the Socialist Party USA since being re-chartered in 2011. The Socialist Party of California was affiliated with the Socialist Party of America for most of the twentieth century. Author Upton Sinclair was a four time candidate for office, including the United States House of Representatives in 1920, United States Senate in 1922 and Governor of California in 1926 and 1930. In 1972 the Socialist Party of America", "title": "Socialist Party of California" }, { "id": "211185", "text": "realist fully equal to his predecessors Sinclair Lewis and Ernest Hemingway.\" Although modest about his own talent as a writer, Steinbeck talked openly of his own admiration of certain writers. In 1953, he wrote that he considered cartoonist Al Capp, creator of the satirical \"Li'l Abner\", \"possibly the best writer in the world today.\" At his own first Nobel Prize press conference he was asked his favorite authors and works and replied: \"Hemingway's short stories and nearly everything Faulkner wrote.\" In September 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded Steinbeck Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 1967, at the behest of \"Newsday\"", "title": "John Steinbeck" }, { "id": "719136", "text": "Dodsworth (novel) Dodsworth is a satirical novel by American writer Sinclair Lewis, first published by Harcourt Brace & Company in March 1929. Its subject, the differences between US and European intellect, manners, and morals, is one that frequently appears in the works of Henry James. The novel is set in the period between late 1925 and late 1927. Samuel ('Sam') Dodsworth is an ambitious and innovative automobile designer, who builds his fortunes in fictional Zenith, Winnemac. In addition to his success in the business world, he had also succeeded as a young man in winning the hand of Frances 'Fran'", "title": "Dodsworth (novel)" }, { "id": "12122905", "text": "from Zahrtmann's school. Their ideal was to paint outdoors, not just sketching but painting in all kinds of weather. Their paintings have a freshness and energy not previously seen, except in sketches. Once they became successful, they were attacked by symbolist artists for being \"farmer painters\" in a newspaper debate in 1907. This only brought the Funish group more sympathy, especially from a group of authors working from the provinces in Jutland. Their chief spokesman was Johannes V. Jensen, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930. In 1910, a canning manufacturer, Mads Rasmussen, decided to start a museum", "title": "Johannes Larsen" }, { "id": "761510", "text": "and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. His first major hit was \"The Emperor Jones\", which ran on Broadway in 1920 and obliquely commented on the U.S. occupation of Haiti that was a topic of debate in that year's presidential election. His best-known plays include \"Anna Christie\" (Pulitzer Prize 1922), \"Desire Under the Elms\" (1924), \"Strange Interlude\" (Pulitzer Prize 1928), \"Mourning Becomes Electra\" (1931), and his only well-known comedy, \"Ah, Wilderness!\", a wistful re-imagining of his youth as he wished it had been. In 1936 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature after he had been nominated that year", "title": "Eugene O'Neill" }, { "id": "211153", "text": "John Steinbeck John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. (; February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American author. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception.\" He has been called \"a giant of American letters,\" and many of his works are considered classics of Western literature. During his writing career, he authored 27 books, including 16 novels, six non-fiction books, and two collections of short stories. He is widely known for the comic novels \"Tortilla Flat\" (1935) and \"Cannery Row\" (1945), the multi-generation epic", "title": "John Steinbeck" }, { "id": "409708", "text": "Modernist movement. It was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including \"The Waste Land\" (1922), \"The Hollow Men\" (1925), \"Ash Wednesday\" (1930), and \"Four Quartets\" (1943). He was also known for his seven plays, particularly \"Murder in the Cathedral\" (1935) and \"The Cocktail Party\" (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, \"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\". The Eliots were a Boston Brahmin family with roots in Old and New England. Thomas Eliot's paternal grandfather, William Greenleaf Eliot, had moved to St. Louis, Missouri, to establish a Unitarian Christian", "title": "T. S. Eliot" }, { "id": "8746893", "text": "Elmer Gantry (film) Elmer Gantry is a 1960 American drama film about a con man and a female evangelist selling religion to small-town America. Adapted by director Richard Brooks, the film is based on the 1927 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis and stars Burt Lancaster, Jean Simmons, Arthur Kennedy, Shirley Jones and Patti Page. \"Elmer Gantry\" was nominated for five Academy Awards in 1961, including Best Picture and Best Score. It won Best Actor for Lancaster, Best Supporting Actress for Jones, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Jean Simmons was nominated for the best actress Golden Globe award. The", "title": "Elmer Gantry (film)" }, { "id": "13002550", "text": "Caroline Stulting and Absalom Sydenstricker, were on leave from Presbyterian missionary work in China. They returned to China three months after her birth. Pearl S. Buck was the first American woman to win both the Pulitzer Prize (1932, for \"The Good Earth\") and the Nobel Prize for Literature (1938). A world-renowned author, she wrote over 100 books and hundreds of short stories and magazine articles. Her books have been translated into 69 foreign languages. Buck herself was heavily involved in the preservation and restoration of the house. In the book \"My Mother's House\" she shared her vision for the museum:", "title": "Pearl S. Buck Birthplace" }, { "id": "15754629", "text": "Center for Faulkner Studies \"\"There's a case of the sorry, shabby world that don't quite please you, so you create one of your own. . . .\" <br>Faulkner in the University, 59\" The Center for Faulkner Studies (CFS) is located at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau. It is devoted to the study of the life and works of William Faulkner (1897–1962), the American author who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. The Center was established in 1989, following the university’s acquisition of the Louis Daniel Brodsky collection of Faulkner materials. The founder of the CFS", "title": "Center for Faulkner Studies" }, { "id": "612153", "text": "Lewis followed up this first great success with \"Babbitt\" (1922), a novel that satirized the American commercial culture and boosterism. The story was set in the fictional Midwestern town of Zenith, Winnemac, a setting to which Lewis returned in future novels, including \"Gideon Planish\" and \"Dodsworth\". Lewis continued his success in the 1920s with \"Arrowsmith\" (1925), a novel about the challenges faced by an idealistic doctor. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, which Lewis declined, still upset that \"Main Street\" had not won the prize. It was adapted as a 1931 Hollywood film directed by John Ford and starring Ronald", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "10656689", "text": "of the New Realism literary movement (established years before by Sherwood Anderson, Sinclair Lewis and others) was published in 1930, many of the residents of Weston were convinced that his characters were based on local inhabitants, and considered the work a slander against the town. While the legend that Jones was sued and ran out of town for his book is not true, members of the town made an effort to suppress local access to the book: copies of the novel were stolen from the local library; after the novel became the subject for a high school student's book report,", "title": "Nard Jones" }, { "id": "5596139", "text": "In 1929 the magazine merged with Hearst’s newly acquired \"McClure's\" to form \"The New Smart Set\", under the editorship of Margaret Sangster. Under Sangster, the magazine became a publication targeted towards young women and was given a new subtitle, \"The Young Woman’s Magazine\". However, following the Wall Street crash in 1929, the magazine was unable to survive the economic slump. It ceased publication in June 1930. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Willa Cather, Ben Hecht, Carl Van Vechten, Maxwell Anderson, S.S. Van Dine a.k.a. Willard Huntington Wright, Dorothy Parker, Harry Kemp, Sinclair Lewis, Dashiell Hammett, Aldous Huxley, James Joyce, Eugene O'Neill, Ezra", "title": "The Smart Set" }, { "id": "1621661", "text": "was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962. Steinbeck's contemporary, Nathanael West's two most famous short novels, \"Miss Lonelyhearts,\" which plumbs the life of its eponymous antihero, a reluctant (and, to comic effect, male) advice columnist, and the effects the tragic letters exert on it, and \"The Day of the Locust\", which introduces a cast of Hollywood stereotypes and explores the ironies of the movies, have come to be avowed classics of American literature. In non-fiction, James Agee's \"Let Us Now Praise Famous Men\" observes and depicts the lives of three struggling tenant-farming families in Alabama in 1936. Combining", "title": "American literature" }, { "id": "1680760", "text": "specialized in copyright law. Cane was a legal counsel to notable writers like Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Ayn Rand, William Saroyan, and Thomas Wolfe and also served on the board of directors for Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. Cane was also awarded the Frost Medal by the Poetry Society of America in 1971 for lifetime achievement. Some of Cane's works are: \"January Garden\" (1926), \"Behind Dark Places\"' (1930), \"And Pastures New\" (1956) and \"Snow Towards Evening\" (1974). Melville Henry Cane Melville Henry Cane (April 15, 1879 – March 10, 1980) was an American poet and lawyer. He studied at Columbia University,", "title": "Melville Henry Cane" }, { "id": "406987", "text": "in 1933, Mann and his wife were on holiday in Switzerland. Due to his strident denunciations of Nazi policies, his son Klaus advised him not to return. In contrast to those of his brother Heinrich and his son Klaus, Mann's book were not among those burnt publicly by Hitler's regime in May 1933, possibly since he had been the Nobel laureate in literature for 1929. In 1936, the Nazi government officially revoked his German citizenship. During the war, Mann made a series of anti-Nazi radio-speeches, published as \"Listen, Germany!\". They were recorded on tape in the United States and then", "title": "Thomas Mann" }, { "id": "10030512", "text": "of the 1930s, including Van Wyck Brooks, Erskine Caldwell, Malcolm Cowley, Paul DeKruif, Langston Hughes, Meridel LeSueur, and Upton Sinclair. The 3rd Congress of the League of American Writers, held in New York City in June 1939, once again opened with a Friday night public session at Carnegie Hall. Poet Langston Hughes delivered the keynote address, in which he likened the situation of American blacks to that of the Jewish minority in Germany, with but one difference: \"Here we may speak openly about our problems, write about them, protest, and seek to better our conditions.In Germany the Jews may do", "title": "League of American Writers" }, { "id": "1396069", "text": "and for Lyautey and his wife in particular. During the post war years she divided her time between Hyères and Provence, where she finished \"The Age of Innocence\" in 1920. She returned to the United States only once after the war, to receive an honorary doctorate degree from Yale University in 1923. \"The Age of Innocence\" (1920) won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for literature, making Wharton the first woman to win the award. The three fiction judges—literary critic Stuart Pratt Sherman, literature professor Robert Morss Lovett, and novelist Hamlin Garland—voted to give the prize to Sinclair Lewis for his satire", "title": "Edith Wharton" }, { "id": "1483441", "text": "Dalloway\" (1925), \"To the Lighthouse\" (1927), and \"The Waves\" (1931). Her essay collection \"A Room of One's Own\" (1929) contains her famous dictum; \"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction\". But while modernism was to become an important literary movement in the early decades of the new century, there were also many fine novelists who were not modernists. This include E.M. Forster ((1879–1970), John Galsworthy ((1867–1933) (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932), whose novels include \"The Forsyte Saga\", Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of \"The Old Wives' Tale\", and H. G. Wells", "title": "English novel" }, { "id": "3978186", "text": "a master of moods and undertones, a virtuoso in the feeling of place, and he writes in a style of supple elegance.\" \"New York Times\" critic L. H. Titterton wrote about \"The Asiatics\": Writing in the \"New York Times\", Harold Strauss said about \"The Seven Who Fled\" (which won the Harper Prize): After the 1930s, popular interest in Prokosch's writing declined, but he continued to write steadily and to solidify his reputation as a writer’s writer with an elite following that included Thomas Mann, André Gide, Sinclair Lewis, Albert Camus, Thornton Wilder, Dylan Thomas, Anthony Burgess, Raymond Queneau, Somerset Maugham,", "title": "Frederic Prokosch" }, { "id": "1628397", "text": "It Can't Happen Here It Can't Happen Here is a semi-satirical 1935 political novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, and a 1936 play adapted from the novel by Lewis and John C. Moffitt. Published during the rise of fascism in Europe, the novel describes the rise of Berzelius \"Buzz\" Windrip, a demagogue who is elected President of the United States, after fomenting fear and promising drastic economic and social reforms while promoting a return to patriotism and \"traditional\" values. After his election, Windrip takes complete control of the government and imposes a plutocratic/totalitarian rule with the help of a ruthless", "title": "It Can't Happen Here" }, { "id": "13580631", "text": "Hugh Fox Hugh Bernard Fox Jr. (February 12, 1932 – September 4, 2011) was a writer, novelist, poet and anthropologist and one of the founders (with Ralph Ellison, Anaïs Nin, Paul Bowles, Joyce Carol Oates, Buckminster Fuller and others) of the Pushcart Prize for literature. He has been published in numerous literary magazines and was the first writer to publish a critical study of Charles Bukowski. Fox was born and raised in Chicago as a devout Catholic, but converted to Judaism in later life. He received a Ph.D. in American Literature from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and was", "title": "Hugh Fox" }, { "id": "2103240", "text": "stability. The civic boosters and self-made men of the middle-class represented particularly American depictions of success, at a time when the promotion of the American identity was crucial in the face of rising fears of Communism. At the same time, growing Midwestern cities, usually associated with mass production and the emergence of a consumer society, were also seen as emblems of American progress. George F. Babbitt, the novel's main character, was described by the 1930 Nobel Prize committee as \"the ideal of an American popular hero of the middle-class. The relativity of business morals as well as private rules of", "title": "Babbitt (novel)" }, { "id": "2322051", "text": "chosen ones, and that they are the light. The American Dream has been credited with helping to build a cohesive American experience, but has also been blamed for inflated expectations. Some commentators have noted that despite deep-seated belief in the egalitarian American Dream, the modern American wealth structure still perpetuates racial and class inequalities between generations. One sociologist notes that advantage and disadvantage are not always connected to individual successes or failures, but often to prior position in a social group. Since the 1920s, numerous authors, such as Sinclair Lewis in his 1922 novel \"Babbitt\", and F. Scott Fitzgerald, in", "title": "American Dream" }, { "id": "612154", "text": "Colman which was nominated for four Academy Awards. Next Lewis published \"Elmer Gantry\" (1927), which depicted an evangelical minister as deeply hypocritical. The novel was denounced by many religious leaders and banned in some U.S. cities. It was adapted for the screen more than a generation later as the basis of the 1960 movie starring Burt Lancaster, who earned a Best Actor Oscar for his performance. Lewis next published \"Dodsworth\" (1929), a novel about the most affluent and successful members of American society. He portrayed them as leading essentially pointless lives in spite of great wealth and advantages. The book", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "17735820", "text": "and Robert P. T. Coffin were born in Maine. Poets Stanley Kunitz and Elizabeth Bishop were both born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Galway Kinnell was born in Providence, Rhode Island. Oliver La Farge, a New Englander of French and Narragansett descent, won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, the predecessor to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, in 1930 for his book Laughing Boy. John P. Marquand grew up in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Novelist Edwin O'Connor, who was also known as a radio personality and journalist, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his novel The Edge of Sadness.", "title": "Culture of New England" }, { "id": "612155", "text": "was adapted for the Broadway stage in 1934 by Sidney Howard, who also wrote the screenplay for the 1936 film version directed by William Wyler, which was a great success at the time. The film is still highly regarded; in 1990, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in 2005 \"Time\" magazine named it one of the \"100 Best Movies\" of the past 80 years. During the late 1920s and 1930s, Lewis wrote many short stories for a variety of magazines and publications. \"Little Bear Bongo\" (1930) is a tale about a bear cub who wants", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "406975", "text": "Gymnasium of Budapest. Blanche Knopf of Alfred A. Knopf publishing house was introduced to Mann by H. L. Mencken while on a book-buying trip to Europe. Knopf would become Mann's American publisher and Blanche hired scholar Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter to translate Mann's books in 1924. Lowe-Porter would go on to translate Mann's complete works. Blanche Knopf continued to look after Mann. After \"Buddenbrooks\" proved successful in its first year they sent him an unexpected bonus. Later in the 1930s, Blanche helped arrange for Mann and his family emigrate to America. Mann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1929,", "title": "Thomas Mann" }, { "id": "8990763", "text": "one family in particular, Neel Doff puts her pen to paper. Tallying her work and enjoying her life as ‘Grande Dame’ within a selected social circle, she published many short stories in various magazines and periodicals. She also translated three works from Dutch into French. In December 1929 the following quote by Thibaud-Gersen appeared in \"Le Courier Littéraire\": \"When will they award the Nobel Prize to the humble and genial Neel Doff\"? These words were enough to spread rumours and speculation about the 1930 Nobel Prize awards. Unfortunately the myth that Neel Doff was nominated persists in various publications. (See", "title": "Neel Doff" }, { "id": "8916105", "text": "receive the Nobel Literature prize. However, the committee was reportedly offended by one of the central themes of the novel, which posed the question as to whether it was possible to be a human being and an artist at the same time, and decided not to award the prize to White that year. He later won the Literature prize in 1973. White was announced, on 26 March 2010, as one of six authors shortlisted for the \"Lost Man Booker Prize\" of 1970, a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgling competition's rules that year disqualified nearly", "title": "The Vivisector" }, { "id": "7470956", "text": "Walnut Hill School Walnut Hill School for the Arts is an independent boarding school for the arts located in Natick, Massachusetts, United States. Walnut Hill was founded in 1893 by Florence Bigelow and Charlotte Conant as a college preparatory school for women and a feeder school for Wellesley College. Even as a traditional private boarding school for girls, Walnut Hill's arts programs were strong. The school was home to acclaimed Fenway Studios artist and teacher Marion L. Pooke, class of 1901, and Pulitzer Prize–winning author and Poet Laureate Elizabeth Bishop, class of 1930. It became coeducational and arts-focused in the", "title": "Walnut Hill School" }, { "id": "166711", "text": "former to the unknown Gabriel Pascal, who produced it at Pinewood Studios in 1938. Shaw was determined that Hollywood should have nothing to do with the film, but was powerless to prevent it from winning one Academy Award (\"Oscar\"); he described his award for \"best-written screenplay\" as an insult, coming from such a source. He became the first person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar. In a 1993 study of the Oscars, Anthony Holden observes that \"Pygmalion\" was soon spoken of as having \"lifted movie-making from illiteracy to literacy\". Shaw's final plays of the 1930s", "title": "George Bernard Shaw" }, { "id": "612150", "text": "Livingston Hegger (1887–1981), an editor at \"Vogue\" magazine. They had one son, Wells Lewis (1917–1944), named after British author H. G. Wells. Serving as a U.S. Army lieutenant during World War II, Wells Lewis was killed in action on October 29 amid Allied efforts to rescue the \"Lost Battalion\" in France. Dean Acheson, the future Secretary of State, was a neighbor and family friend in Washington, and observed that Sinclair's literary \"success was not good for that marriage, or for either of the parties to it, or for Lewis's work\" and the family moved out of town. Lewis divorced Grace", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "19498094", "text": "rose is a rose,\" was also an important literary force during this time period. American poet Marianne Moore (1887–1972) published from the 1920s to the 1960s. But while modernism was to become an important literary movement in the early decades of the new century, there were also many fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. During the early decades of the 20th century the Georgian poets like Rupert Brooke (1887–1915), Walter de la Mare (1873–1956), and John Masefield (1878–1967, Poet Laureate from 1930) maintained a conservative approach to poetry by combining romanticism, sentimentality and hedonism, sandwiched as they", "title": "Twentieth-century English literature" }, { "id": "13992993", "text": "One More River One More River is a 1934 American drama film mystery directed by James Whale. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures and starred Colin Clive, Diana Wynyard and stage actress Mrs Patrick Campbell in one of her very few films. The film marked Jane Wyatt's screen debut. It is based on a 1933 novel by John Galsworthy. The novel was the conclusion of a trilogy the Nobel Prize-winner conceived as a supplement to his popular \"\"Forsyte Saga,\"\" which told of generations of an upper middle class English family through the period when the stability of the", "title": "One More River" }, { "id": "17520577", "text": "before the First World War and reaching a turning point with the Easter Rising, it is difficult to have Ireland listed here as part of Britain, or not. Given the fact that the story of Belgians in Ireland during the war was a rather different one to those in Britain, not least because the major difference in numbers, Ireland is retained as a separate entity here. Edith Wharton (; born Edith Newbold Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, short story writer, and designer. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature", "title": "Belgian refugees" }, { "id": "1628417", "text": "Happen Here?\", a collection of essays about the prospect of authoritarianism in the United States, edited by Cass Sunstein, was published by HarperCollins. Bibliography It Can't Happen Here It Can't Happen Here is a semi-satirical 1935 political novel by American author Sinclair Lewis, and a 1936 play adapted from the novel by Lewis and John C. Moffitt. Published during the rise of fascism in Europe, the novel describes the rise of Berzelius \"Buzz\" Windrip, a demagogue who is elected President of the United States, after fomenting fear and promising drastic economic and social reforms while promoting a return to patriotism", "title": "It Can't Happen Here" }, { "id": "3594615", "text": "distinguished teaching career at Harvard. Matthiessen was an American studies scholar and literary critic at Harvard University, and chaired its undergraduate program in history and literature. He wrote and edited landmark works of scholarship on T. S. Eliot, Ralph Waldo Emerson, the James family (Alice James, Henry James, Henry James Sr., and William James), Sarah Orne Jewett, Sinclair Lewis, Herman Melville, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman. His best-known book, \"American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman\" (1941), discusses the flowering of literary culture in the middle of the American 19th century, with Emerson, Thoreau,", "title": "F. O. Matthiessen" }, { "id": "3338688", "text": "Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis's Pulitzer-winning novel \"Arrowsmith\", the first great work of fiction to idealize and idolize pure science. Mark Twain also wrote an essay titled \"Dr. Loeb's Incredible Discovery\", which urges the reader not to support a rigid general consensus, but instead be open to new scientific advances. Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won. Loeb was an atheist. The main subjects of Loeb's work were: Among Loeb's works the following may be mentioned: \"The Mechanistic Conception of Life\" is Loeb's most famous and influential work. It contains English translations of some of his", "title": "Jacques Loeb" }, { "id": "406964", "text": "Thomas Mann Paul Thomas Mann (; 6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized versions of German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer. Mann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family and portrayed his", "title": "Thomas Mann" }, { "id": "467001", "text": "the planet Earth functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after Gaia, the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology. His publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the United States as writer-in-residence at Hollins College, near Roanoke, Virginia. Golding won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1979, and the Booker Prize in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, and was according to the \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\" \"an unexpected and", "title": "William Golding" }, { "id": "9884805", "text": "fiction fluctuate between the two. Largely ignored by mainstream literary criticism for the most of the century, these genres developed their own establishments and critical awards; these include the \"Nebula Award\" (since 1965), the \"British Fantasy Award\" (since 1971) or the \"Mythopoeic Awards\" (since 1971). Towards the end of the 20th century, electronic literature developed due to the development of hypertext and later the world wide web. The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded annually throughout the century (with the exception of 1914, 1918, 1935 and 1940–1943), the first laureate (1901) being Sully Prudhomme. The New York Times Best Seller", "title": "20th century in literature" }, { "id": "13579579", "text": "inventor Alexander Graham Bell, first president of Tanzania Julius Nyerere, and a host of famous authors such as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, J.M. Barrie and Sir Walter Scott. Associated people include 23 Nobel Prize winners, 2 Turing Award winners, 1 Abel Prize winner, 1 Fields Medal winner, 2 Pulitzer Prize winners, 3 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 2 currently-sitting UK Supreme Court Justices, and several Olympic gold medallists. It continues to have links to the British Royal Family, having had the Duke of Edinburgh as its Chancellor from 1953 to 2010 and Princess Anne since 2011.", "title": "University of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "3394355", "text": "published pro-Nazi writings. Éditions Gallimard's best-selling authors include Albert Camus (29 million copies), Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (26.3 million copies), and J.K. Rowling (whose \"Harry Potter\" series sold 26 million copies). Other important authors include Salman Rushdie, Roald Dahl, Marcel Proust, Philip Roth, George Orwell, Jack Kerouac, Pablo Neruda, and John Steinbeck. As of 2011, its catalog consists of 36 Prix Goncourt winners, 38 writers who have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and ten writers who have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize. In 2010 the company had a turnover of million, and over 1,000 employees. Gallimard acquired Groupe Flammarion from", "title": "Éditions Gallimard" }, { "id": "15588341", "text": "Ursula Parrott Katherine Ursula Towle (March 26, 1900 – September 1957) better known by her pen name Ursula Parrott, was an American writer of romantic fiction stories and novels. Parrott's first novel, \"Ex-Wife\", was published in 1929, and was subsequently adapted for film as \"The Divorcee\" starring Norma Shearer (who won an Oscar for her role) in 1930. Shearer also starred in an adaptation of the 1930 \"Strangers May Kiss\". Her novel \"Next Time We Live\" was adapted for film as \"Next Time We Love\" in 1936. Parrott was married four times. Her marriage to the journalist Lindesay Marc Parrott", "title": "Ursula Parrott" }, { "id": "3546334", "text": "Country\" (1913), and \"The Age of Innocence\" (1920) for which she won the Pulitzer Prize in 1921. These works influenced a host of American authors for two generations. They include F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby), Sinclair Lewis (\"Main Street\"), John O'Hara (\"Appointment in Samarra\"), and Louis Auchincloss (\"The House of Five Talents\"). Lily Bart—Wharton paints Lily, the heroine of her novel, as a complex personality with the purity that her Christian name implies, the defiance that her surname implies, and the foolishness that the title of the novel implies. The combination of the social pressures and conventions of her", "title": "The House of Mirth" }, { "id": "1960629", "text": "of winning the Nobel Prize in Physics as well but was disappointed when the Nobel Prize went to Owen Richardson in 1928 and to Louis de Broglie in 1929. He was so confident of winning the prize in 1930 that he booked tickets in July, even though the awards were to be announced in November, and would scan each day's newspaper for announcement of the prize, tossing it away if it did not carry the news. He did eventually win the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the", "title": "C. V. Raman" }, { "id": "9497715", "text": "snob\". From 1948 to 1955, Giroux continued to edit important works. By 1951, his reputation as America's foremost editor had attracted foreign writers. For example, in 1951, he published Hannah Arendt's first book in English, \"The Origins of Totalitarianism\". Of his seven Nobel prize winners, who included Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Derek Walcott, William Golding, Seamus Heaney, and Nadine Gordimer, the only one born in the United States was T.S. Eliot. After Alfred Harcourt and Donald Brace died, Giroux decided to move. Also in the same interview, he revealed how as a young editor at Harcourt, Brace & Co.,", "title": "Robert Giroux" }, { "id": "121508", "text": "the plane crashes, Hemingway, who had been \"a thinly controlled alcoholic throughout much of his life, drank more heavily than usual to combat the pain of his injuries.\" In October 1954, Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature. He modestly told the press that Carl Sandburg, Isak Dinesen and Bernard Berenson deserved the prize, but he gladly accepted the prize money. Mellow says Hemingway \"had coveted the Nobel Prize\", but when he won it, months after his plane accidents and the ensuing worldwide press coverage, \"there must have been a lingering suspicion in Hemingway's mind that his obituary notices had", "title": "Ernest Hemingway" }, { "id": "385456", "text": "such as \"Eisenstein on Disney\", have surfaced decades later as seminal scholarly texts used as curriculum in film schools around the world. Eisenstein and his entourage spent considerable time with Charlie Chaplin, who recommended that Eisenstein meet with a sympathetic benefactor in the person of American socialist author Upton Sinclair. Sinclair's works had been accepted by and were widely read in the USSR, and were known to Eisenstein. The two had mutual admiration and between the end of October 1930 and Thanksgiving of that year, Sinclair had secured an extension of Eisenstein's absences from the USSR, and permission for him", "title": "Sergei Eisenstein" }, { "id": "15588343", "text": "poverty. Ursula Parrott Katherine Ursula Towle (March 26, 1900 – September 1957) better known by her pen name Ursula Parrott, was an American writer of romantic fiction stories and novels. Parrott's first novel, \"Ex-Wife\", was published in 1929, and was subsequently adapted for film as \"The Divorcee\" starring Norma Shearer (who won an Oscar for her role) in 1930. Shearer also starred in an adaptation of the 1930 \"Strangers May Kiss\". Her novel \"Next Time We Live\" was adapted for film as \"Next Time We Love\" in 1936. Parrott was married four times. Her marriage to the journalist Lindesay Marc", "title": "Ursula Parrott" }, { "id": "583507", "text": "by marriage, George Champlin Mason, Sr., was a noted architect and historian. Oliver Hazard Perry La Farge (December 19, 1901 – August 2, 1963), Perry's great-great-grandson and namesake, was an American writer and anthropologist, best known for his 1930 Pulitzer Prize–winning novel \"Laughing Boy\". His great nephew Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont (November 12, 1858 – June 10, 1908) from Buffalo, NY was an American socialite and United States Representative from New York. Perry's great-grandniece, Ruth Black (November 1893 – September 3, 1964), married Gulf Oil executive Willard F. Jones. Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton (August 4, 1823 – November 1,", "title": "Oliver Hazard Perry" }, { "id": "2305026", "text": "the standard form of the language. Two West Indian writers have won the Nobel Prize for Literature: Derek Walcott (1992), born in St. Lucia, resident mostly in Trinidad during the 1960s and '70s, and partly in the United States since then; and V. S. Naipaul, born in Trinidad and resident in the United Kingdom since the 1950. (Saint-John Perse, who won the Nobel Prize in 1960, was born in the French territory of Guadeloupe.) Other notable names in (anglophone) Caribbean literature have included Earl Lovelace, Austin Clarke, Claude McKay, Orlando Patterson, Andrew Salkey, Edward Kamau Brathwaite (who was born in", "title": "Postcolonial literature" }, { "id": "3904637", "text": "and it sparked one of Steinbeck's many realizations about American society: the fact that the country was driven by fear. Once through St. Paul, he went to Sauk Centre, the birthplace of writer Sinclair Lewis, but was disheartened to talk to locals at a restaurant who had no understanding of who Lewis was. Stopping at a diner for directions, Steinbeck realized that Americans are often oblivious to their immediate surroundings and their own culture. He also complained that Americans have put \"cleanliness first at the expense of taste\" (141). He lamented that \"It looks as though the natural contentiousness of", "title": "Travels with Charley" }, { "id": "612159", "text": "which led to a well-publicized fight, wherein Dreiser repeatedly slapped Lewis. Thompson initially made the accusation in 1928 regarding her work \"The New Russia\" and Dreiser's \"Dreiser Goes to Russia\", though the \"New York Times\" also linked the dispute to competition between Dreiser and Lewis over the Nobel Prize. Dreiser fired back that Sinclair's 1928 novel \"Arrowsmith\" (adapted later that year as a feature film) was unoriginal and that Dreiser himself was first approached to write it, which was disputed by the wife of \"Arrowsmith\"'s subject, microbiologist Dr. Paul de Kruif. The feud carried on for some months. In 1944,", "title": "Sinclair Lewis" }, { "id": "453041", "text": "most significant figures, Churchill remains popular in the UK and Western world, where he is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played an important role in defending liberal democracy from the spread of fascism. Also praised as a social reformer and writer, among his many awards was the Nobel Prize in Literature. However, his imperialist views and comments on race, as well as his sanctioning of human rights abuses in the suppression of anti-imperialist movements seeking independence from the British Empire, have generated considerable controversy. Churchill was born at the family's ancestral home, Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, on 30", "title": "Winston Churchill" }, { "id": "592291", "text": "won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, roughly one per decade from the 1930s to the 2010s¹. They are: George and Ira Gershwin's \"Of Thee I Sing\" (1932), Rodgers and Hammerstein's \"South Pacific\" (1950), Bock & Harnick's \"Fiorello!\" (1960), Frank Loesser's \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\" (1962), Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Nicholas Dante's \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), Stephen Sondheim's and James Lapine's \"Sunday in the Park with George\" (1985), Jonathan Larson's \"Rent\" (1996), Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt's \"Next to Normal\" (2010), and Lin-Manuel Miranda's \"Hamilton\" (2016). \"Of Thee I Sing\", \"Sunday in the", "title": "Pulitzer Prize for Drama" }, { "id": "2885792", "text": "a few kilometers to the south. In 1929 Nobel Prize-winning writer Thomas Mann visited Nida while on holiday in nearby Rauschen and decided to have a summer house erected on a hill above the lagoon; it was mocked by locals as \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" (\"Onkel Toms Hütte\"). He and his family spent the summers of 1930–32 in the cottage, and parts of the epic novel \"Joseph and His Brothers\" (\"Joseph und seine Brüder\") were written there. Threatened by the Nazis due to his political views, Mann left Germany after Hitler's \"Machtergreifung\" in 1933 and eventually emigrated to the United States.", "title": "Nida, Lithuania" }, { "id": "6683639", "text": "dubbed the \"Great American Novel\". Twelve U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Bob Dylan in 2016. William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century. Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo. The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "16961350", "text": "burial, Her biography of her colourful husband, published under the title \"The Book of Talbot\", won the 1933 James Tait Black Prize. WH Auden praised the book in a review that appeared in the \"Criterion\". In 1935 Nevill Coghill nominated her for the Nobel Prize in Literature, but the prize was ultimately not awarded that year. Her other books include \"Vision of Peru\" and \"Islands of Queen Wilhelmina\", later reissued as \"Islands of Indonesia\". She died at Lytham Hall in 1961. John and Violet's son was the dilettante film producer Harry Talbot de Vere Clifton, who squandered much of the", "title": "Violet Clifton" }, { "id": "13710755", "text": "but it was not a democracy, but rather an oligarchy. The Hanseaten were regarded as being of equal rank to the (landed) nobility elsewhere in Europe, although the Hanseaten often regarded the (rural) nobility outside the city republics as inferior to the (urban and often more affluent, and in their own view, cultivated) Hanseaten. Thomas Mann, a member of a Lübeck Hanseatic family, portrayed this class in his Nobel Prize-winning novel \"Buddenbrooks\" (1901), for which he received the 1929 Nobel Prize for Literature. The relationship between the Hanseatic and noble families varied depending on the city. The most republican city", "title": "Hanseaten (class)" }, { "id": "1471091", "text": "from \"Just Above My Head\" by James Baldwin, \"The Executioner's Song\" by Norman Mailer, \"The Ghost Writer\" by Philip Roth, and \"Endless Love\" by Scott Spencer (where the Pulitzer for fiction and the Nobel for literature for that year went, respectively, to Norman Mailer for \"Executioner's\" and to Czeslaw Milosz for his body of poetry and other work). \"Sophie's Choice\" generated significant controversy at time of its publication, in part due to Styron's decision to portray a non-Jewish victim of the Holocaust and in part due to its explicit sexuality and profanity; it was banned in South Africa, censored in", "title": "Sophie's Choice (novel)" }, { "id": "4136", "text": "of his wealth in trust, in order to fund the awards that would become known as the Nobel Prizes. He is buried in Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm. Through baptism and confirmation Alfred Nobel was Lutheran and during his Paris years he regularly attended the Church of Sweden Abroad, led by pastor Nathan Söderblom, who would in 1930 also be the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. However, he became an agnostic at youth and was an atheist later in life. Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping", "title": "Alfred Nobel" }, { "id": "11267669", "text": "movies of the past 80 years. The purple Diaries (2016) Dodsworth (film) Dodsworth is a 1936 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton and Mary Astor. Sidney Howard based the screenplay on his 1934 stage adaptation of the 1929 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis. Huston reprised his stage role. The center of the film is a study of a marriage in crisis. Recently retired auto magnate Samuel Dodsworth and his narcissistic wife Fran, while on a grand European tour, discover that they want very different things out of life, straining their", "title": "Dodsworth (film)" } ]

{ "compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Sinclair Lewis context: Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.\" His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, \"[If] there\n\nWhich American-born Sinclair won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930?", "compressed_tokens": 191, "origin_tokens": 191, "ratio": "1.0x", "saving": ", Saving $0.0 in GPT-4." }

{ "compressed_prompt": "Please write a high-quality answer for the given question using only the provided search results (some of which might be irrelevant). Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.\n\ntitle: Sinclair Lewis context of alcoholism \"per se\". He reported that Lewis had a heart attack and that his doctors advised him to stop drinking if he wanted to live. Lewis did not stop, and perhaps could not; he died when his heart stopped. In summing up Lewis' career, Shirer concludes: Samuel J. Rogal edited \"The Short Stories of Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)\", a seven-volume set published in 2007 by Edwin Mellen Press. The first attempt to collect all of Lewis's short stories. Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930,\n\ntitle: Sinclair contextman which was for four Academy Lewis \"Elmer Gantry\" (1927 which dep evangel minister as hypocritical. The novel denounced by many religious leaders and banned some U.S. cities It was for the more generation as basis of the 196 starring Burt Lancaster, who earned a Best Actor for his performance. nextDodsworth\" (1929), a novel about affluent members of American society portrayed them essentially pointless lives spite of great wealth and advantages The book\n: P magazine: before publication, to a writer this wascial differenceash flow pul editors known cultiv their magines Preemp included (\"Ad Robert Davis-Storyle (\"ories DonaldottBlue Book\"), Joseph T ShawBlack\"),ales \"ental\"), John Campbell (\" Science\", \"Unknown and Dycon (\"ove Story Magazine\", \"Detective Story Well-known authors who wrote for pul: S Lewis first American of inature worked\n: B (el) context: $3,0 and domestic0 a0. second was 1934 talkie starring Guy Kibbee. That version, while remaining somewhat true to Lewis's novel, takes liberties with the plot, exaggerating Babbitt's affair and a sour real estate deal. Both films were Warner Bros. productions. Babbitt (novel) Babbitt (1922), by Sinclair Lewis, is a satirical novel about American culture and society that critiques the vacuity of middle-class life and the social pressure toward conformity. The controversy provoked by \"Babbitt\" was influential in the decision to award the Nobel Prize in literature to Lewis in\n\nWhich American-born Sinclair won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930?", "compressed_tokens": 524, "origin_tokens": 15029, "ratio": "28.7x", "saving": ", Saving $0.9 in GPT-4." }

["Park Grove (1895)","York UA","Yorkish","UN/LOCODE:GBYRK","York, UK","Eoforwic","Park Grove School"(...TRUNCATED)

[{"id":"874654","text":"She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2001, and the Special Olivier (...TRUNCATED)

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[ "Beer Cans" ]

[{"id":"19461963","text":"William Joseph Hammer started to collect incandescent light bulbs from 187(...TRUNCATED)

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[ "30's", "30’s", "30s", "30s AD", "30-39" ]

[{"id":"1458464","text":"current charts in the 21st century as a loan word in several countries and (...TRUNCATED)

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[ "Churchill Downs, Louisville, Kentucky" ]

[{"id":"2858432","text":"in 1994, which was until then exclusively devoted to thoroughbred racing. O(...TRUNCATED)

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["Portogało","Republic of Portugal","PORTUGAL","Portekiz","Portugallu","O Papagaio","ISO 3166-1:PT"(...TRUNCATED)

[{"id":"11391664","text":"peace agreement did not last, as Savimbi rejected the election results and(...TRUNCATED)

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["Chi-Beria","Sayre language academy","Chicago","Chicago, Illinois","Hog Butcher for the World","Lan(...TRUNCATED)

[{"id":"2962261","text":"his fifth wife, Helen Snell, in June 2010. They had been in a relationship (...TRUNCATED)

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["Chicago Bears","Chicago Staleys","Decatur Staleys","Chicago Bears football","Chicago bears","Save (...TRUNCATED)

[{"id":"397144","text":"Super Bowl XX Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the Nation(...TRUNCATED)

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["Norvège","Mainland Norway","Norway","Norvege","Noregur","NORWAY","Norwegian state","Etymology of (...TRUNCATED)

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