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[QUESTION]What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Lucy was known among her coworkers for her spartan ways.

[OPTIONS](A) the Bible (B) Greek history

Greek history

The source of the allusion spartan is Greek history. Soldiers from the city of Sparta in ancient Greece were known for their self-restraint, self-discipline, and indifference to luxury. The allusion spartan means simple and austere.

[QUESTION]Is this a sentence fragment? Closed to visitors since the 1960s, the prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France, are between fifteen thousand and seventeen thousand years old.

[OPTIONS](A) no (B) yes

no

This is not a sentence fragment. It is a complete sentence because it expresses a complete thought. Closed to visitors since the 1960 s, the prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France, are between fifteen thousand and seventeen thousand years old.

[QUESTION]Which correctly shows the title of an article?

[OPTIONS](A) "Life on the moon?" (B) "Life on the Moon?"

"Life on the Moon?"

Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words on and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized. The correct title is "Life on the Moon?"

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Aubrey has a scar on her right hand.

[OPTIONS](A) acquired (B) inherited

acquired

Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Reba, please stay away from the ocean. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.

[OPTIONS](A) euphemism (B) paradox

paradox

The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim at first appears to be contradictory, because it is impossible to learn how to swim without going in the water. However, it contains some truth: you should not go into deep or dangerous water without first knowing how to swim.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of West Virginia?

[OPTIONS](A) Raleigh (B) Cambridge (C) Huntington (D) Charleston

Charleston

Charleston is the capital of West Virginia.

[QUESTION]Which property matches this object?

[OPTIONS](A) hard (B) soft

hard

Look at the object. Think about each property. A soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The window is not soft. A hard object keeps its shape when you squeeze it. The window is hard.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? I got hit in the head by a can of soda. Luckily it was a soft drink.

[OPTIONS](A) pun (B) onomatopoeia

pun

The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning. Soft drink refers to a carbonated beverage such as a soda. It also suggests that the can is soft and thus doesn't cause too much pain.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) When Erica returned to the apartment that evening, she greeted Annie with a hug. (B) Erica greeted Annie with a hug when she returned to the apartment that evening.

Erica greeted Annie with a hug when she returned to the apartment that evening.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Erica or Annie. Erica greeted Annie with a hug when she returned to the apartment that evening. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. When Erica returned to the apartment that evening, she greeted Annie with a hug.

[QUESTION]What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Jacob dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.

[OPTIONS](A) British history (B) the Bible

the Bible

The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible. In a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him. The allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Keenan inherited this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Keenan and his father both have dark hair. (B) Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan.

Keenan's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Keenan.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) sample A (B) neither; the samples have the same temperature (C) sample B

sample A

Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Vicky's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Do radish plants grown under bright light have more leaves than radish plants grown under dim light? (B) Do radishes grown under bright light get bigger than radishes grown under dim light?

Do radishes grown under bright light get bigger than radishes grown under dim light?

[QUESTION]Which correctly shows the title of a book?

[OPTIONS](A) "The Wizard of Oz" (B) ***The Wizard of Oz***

***The Wizard of Oz***

A book should be in italics. The correct title is **The Wizard of Oz**.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

[OPTIONS](A) Solution B (B) Solution A (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

Solution B

In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) the Marshall Islands (B) the Federated States of Micronesia (C) Australia (D) Papua New Guinea

the Federated States of Micronesia

This country is the Federated States of Micronesia.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) Wisconsin (B) South Carolina (C) Alabama (D) Vermont

South Carolina

The colony is South Carolina.

[QUESTION]Suppose Ernest decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?

[OPTIONS](A) Ernest will save some time. He would have spent more time in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club. (B) Ernest will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.

Ernest will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Ernest wants or needs: Ernest will give up the chance to be in the Photography Club. He would have had more fun in the Photography Club than in the Theater Club.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. Pollen helps a plant ().

[OPTIONS](A) make flowers (B) make seeds (C) grow roots

make seeds

Pollen helps the flower make seeds. After pollination, sperm cells from the pollen can combine with the eggs. These fertilized eggs can grow into seeds. Pollen does not help a plant make flowers or grow roots.

[QUESTION]What is the probability that a human produced by this cross will be heterozygous for the xeroderma pigmentosum gene?

[OPTIONS](A) 4/4 (B) 2/4 (C) 3/4 (D) 0/4 (E) 1/4

2/4

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest south?

[OPTIONS](A) Wyoming (B) Maryland (C) Iowa (D) Michigan

Maryland

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Maryland is farthest south.

[QUESTION]What is the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day?

[OPTIONS](A) 22°F (B) 22°C

22°F

The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, snowy day is 22°F. 22°C is too hot.

[QUESTION]Compare the motion of two mountain bikers. Which mountain biker was moving at a lower speed?

[OPTIONS](A) a mountain biker who moved 105miles in 10hours (B) a mountain biker who moved 90miles in 10hours

a mountain biker who moved 90miles in 10hours

Look at the distance each mountain biker moved and the time it took to move that distance. One mountain biker moved 90 miles in 10 hours. The other mountain biker moved 105 miles in 10 hours. Notice that each mountain biker spent the same amount of time moving. The mountain biker who moved 90 miles moved a shorter distance in that time. So, that mountain biker must have moved at a lower speed.

[QUESTION]Which property do these two objects have in common?

[OPTIONS](A) stretchy (B) hard

hard

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. Neither of the objects are stretchy. A hard object keeps its shape when you squeeze it. Both objects are hard. The property that both objects have in common is hard.

[QUESTION]Which tense does the sentence use? Sue orders a roast beef sandwich.

[OPTIONS](A) present tense (B) future tense (C) past tense

present tense

The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, orders. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.

[QUESTION]Select the solid.

[OPTIONS](A) chair (B) water in a bathtub (C) milk

chair

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Evan acquired this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Evan is most interested in American history. (B) Evan learned history by reading.

Evan learned history by reading.

[QUESTION]Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? While at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.

[OPTIONS](A) climate (B) weather

weather

Read the text carefully. While at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest. This passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

[QUESTION]How long is a sunflower seed?

[OPTIONS](A) 10 meters (B) 10 centimeters (C) 10 kilometers (D) 10 millimeters

10 millimeters

The best estimate for the length of a sunflower seed is 10 millimeters. 10 centimeters, 10 meters, and 10 kilometers are all too long.

[QUESTION]Which sugar cube has less thermal energy?

[OPTIONS](A) the hotter sugar cube (B) the colder sugar cube

the colder sugar cube

The two sugar cubes are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder sugar cube has less thermal energy.

[QUESTION]Which property matches this object?

[OPTIONS](A) rough (B) flexible

flexible

Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The rubber gloves are flexible. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rubber gloves are not rough.

[QUESTION]Which type of relationship is formed when a cattle egret forages near a cow?

[OPTIONS](A) parasitic (B) commensal (C) mutualistic

commensal

When a cattle egret forages near a cow, the egret can catch more insects. So, the egret benefits from its relationship with the cow. The cow is not helped by the egret, but the cow is not harmed, either. So, the cow is not significantly affected by its relationship with the egret. Since the egret benefits and the cow is not significantly affected, a commensal relationship is formed when a cattle egret forages near a cow.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) Vermont (B) New Hampshire (C) Michigan (D) South Carolina

New Hampshire

The colony is New Hampshire. During the colonial era, New Hampshire and New York both claimed the territory that would later become the state of Vermont. Vermont was never its own colony.

[QUESTION]Would you find the word hole on a dictionary page with the following guide words? hello - hire

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

no

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since hole is not between the guide words hello - hire, it would not be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same genus as the gray tree frog.

[OPTIONS](A) Hyla japonica (B) Bufo guttatus (C) Atelopus zeteki

Hyla japonica

A gray tree frog's scientific name is Hyla versicolor. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. Hyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Hyla versicolor are in the same genus. Bufo guttatus is in the genus Bufo. The first word of its scientific name is Bufo. So, Bufo guttatus and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus. Atelopus zeteki is in the genus Atelopus. The first word of its scientific name is Atelopus. So, Atelopus zeteki and Hyla versicolor are not in the same genus.

[QUESTION]Which property do these two objects have in common?

[OPTIONS](A) blue (B) scratchy

scratchy

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. Both objects are scratchy. Blue is a color. This color is blue. Neither of the objects are blue. The property that both objects have in common is scratchy.

[QUESTION]What does the idiom in this text suggest? "Speak of the devil!" Tina declared when Larry strolled into the room.

[OPTIONS](A) Tina had just been speaking about Larry. (B) Tina didn't trust Larry.

Tina had just been speaking about Larry.

The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally. The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Tina had just been speaking about Larry. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned.

[QUESTION]What is the mass of a fire truck?

[OPTIONS](A) 20 ounces (B) 20 pounds (C) 20 tons

20 tons

The best estimate for the mass of a fire truck is 20 tons. 20 ounces and 20 pounds are both too light.

[QUESTION]Select the bird below.

[OPTIONS](A) robin (B) porcupinefish (C) tiger shark (D) great crested newt

robin

A porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Porcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators. A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day. A great crested newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Tiger sharks are nocturnal. This means that they are active mostly at night.

[QUESTION]Which property do these three objects have in common?

[OPTIONS](A) blue (B) fuzzy (C) hard

hard

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Blue is a color. This color is blue. The baseball bat and the road are not blue. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are hard. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. None of the objects are fuzzy. The property that all three objects have in common is hard.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) The fleece jacket that Sophia saw on the bench looked like Kate's. (B) Sophia told Kate that the fleece jacket on the bench looked like hers.

Sophia told Kate that the fleece jacket on the bench looked like hers.

The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun hers could refer to Sophia's or Kate's. Sophia told Kate that the fleece jacket on the bench looked like hers. The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. The fleece jacket that Sophia saw on the bench looked like Kate's.

[QUESTION]Select the mammal.

[OPTIONS](A) bald eagle (B) yak (C) American alligator (D) anchovy

yak

An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Alligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes. An anchovy is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. An anchovy is a small fish that lives in the ocean. Like some other types of fish, anchovies swim in large groups called schools. A bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Bald eagles live in trees near water. They build nests that can be up to 13 feet wide! A yak is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Yaks live in cold places. Their long hair helps keep them warm.

[QUESTION]How long is a long-distance running race?

[OPTIONS](A) 12 feet (B) 12 miles

12 miles

The better estimate for the length of a long-distance running race is 12 miles. 12 feet is too short.

[QUESTION]Which phrase has a more negative connotation?

[OPTIONS](A) a nosy person (B) an interested person

a nosy person

A nosy person has a more negative connotation. A nosy person is not polite. Nosy people are too interested in things that are not their business.

[QUESTION]Which of these oceans does the prime meridian intersect?

[OPTIONS](A) the Arctic Ocean (B) the Pacific Ocean (C) the Indian Ocean

the Arctic Ocean

The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects the Arctic Ocean. It does not intersect the Pacific Ocean or the Indian Ocean.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) The Doyles' car has a dent in the bumper, but otherwise their car looks just like the Shens'. (B) The Doyles' car looks just like the Shens', but theirs has a dent in the bumper.

The Doyles' car looks just like the Shens', but theirs has a dent in the bumper.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun theirs could refer to the Doyles' or the Shens'. The Doyles' car looks just like the Shens', but theirs has a dent in the bumper. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear. The Doyles' car has a dent in the bumper, but otherwise their car looks just like the Shens'.

[QUESTION]Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[OPTIONS](A) If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item. (B) If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.

If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Arianna's skirt or the blouse. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse. If Arianna's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Massachusetts?

[OPTIONS](A) Davenport (B) Raleigh (C) Boston (D) Cambridge

Boston

Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.

[QUESTION]Which phrase has a more negative connotation?

[OPTIONS](A) a proud person (B) a snooty person

a snooty person

A snooty person has a more negative connotation. A snooty person is proud but also treats people rudely.

[QUESTION]Which is a simple sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Rumors about Mayor Gomez were spreading like wildfire, so she set the record straight at a press conference. (B) Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.

Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.

The second sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause. Kayla and her sisters drew a map of the United States and hung it on the wall.

[QUESTION]Which closing is correct for a letter?

[OPTIONS](A) Best Wishes, Carson (B) Best wishes, Carson

Best wishes, Carson

The first closing is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.

[QUESTION]Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack hard seeds?

[OPTIONS](A) bronzy sunbird (B) hawfinch

hawfinch

Look at the picture of the northern cardinal. The northern cardinal has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The northern cardinal uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The hawfinch has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The bronzy sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack hard seeds. The bronzy sunbird uses its beak to collect nectar from flowers.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Tara swore she would never go back to Hampton, but I told her she should never say never. The city might be a very different place in ten years.

[OPTIONS](A) paradox (B) oxymoron

paradox

The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Never say never at first appears to be contradictory: by saying the phrase itself, you have already said never. However, it contains some truth: people often change their minds as they age and so should not rule anything out by saying never.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) New York (B) North Carolina (C) Georgia (D) Virginia

North Carolina

The colony is North Carolina.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Riley inherited this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Riley and her mother both wear their hair in braids. (B) Riley's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Riley.

Riley's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Riley.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

[QUESTION]Which text uses the word factoid in its traditional sense?

[OPTIONS](A) As a geneticist, Belle enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues. (B) As a geneticist, Belle dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.

As a geneticist, Belle dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field.

The first text uses factoid in its traditional sense: something made up presented as a true fact. As a geneticist, Belle dislikes many popular sci-fi movies because they often present audiences with factoids that misrepresent her field. The second text uses factoid in its nontraditional sense: a trivial but true fact. As a geneticist, Belle enjoys watching science documentaries and sharing various factoids she's learned with her colleagues. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word factoid because it is considered more standard.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Arizona?

[OPTIONS](A) Tallahassee (B) Cheyenne (C) Honolulu (D) Phoenix

Phoenix

Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) repel (B) attract

attract

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.

[QUESTION]Which statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has warm summers and cool winters. (B) It has many evergreen trees. (C) It has mostly small plants.

It has mostly small plants.

A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. The following statements do not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters. It has many evergreen trees.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. Cesar Chavez came from () family.

[OPTIONS](A) an African American (B) a Mexican American (C) a Chinese American (D) a French American

a Mexican American

Cesar Chavez came from a Mexican American family: His father's parents were from Mexico. They moved to the United States in 1880. Cesar Chavez's father was born in Arizona. Cesar Chavez's mother was born in Mexico. She and her family moved to Arizona when she was six months old. Cesar Chavez was born in the United States in 1927. During Cesar Chavez's life, he and many other Mexican American people were treated unfairly because of their heritage. Cesar Chavez worked to fight this unequal treatment.

[QUESTION]Based on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the stem height gene?

[OPTIONS](A) HH (B) a tall stem

HH

An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has two alleles for a tall stem (H). So, the plant's genotype for the stem height gene is HH.

[QUESTION]Which type of sentence is this? Dan always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.

[OPTIONS](A) simple (B) compound-complex (C) compound (D) complex

compound

The sentence is compound. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Dan always approaches difficult tasks enthusiastically, and he frequently motivates others with his energy and fervor.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Edwin's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Does apple juice expand more or less than water when it freezes? (B) Does water freeze more quickly than apple juice?

Does apple juice expand more or less than water when it freezes?

[QUESTION]What is the mass of a full bag of groceries?

[OPTIONS](A) 10 ounces (B) 10 pounds (C) 10 tons

10 pounds

The best estimate for the mass of a full bag of groceries is 10 pounds. 10 ounces is too light and 10 tons is too heavy.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Iowa?

[OPTIONS](A) Pierre (B) Des Moines (C) Burlington (D) Frankfort

Des Moines

Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.