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[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the small faces of the children . . . —Elie Wiesel, Night

[OPTIONS](A) chiasmus (B) anaphora

anaphora

The text uses anaphora, the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. Wiesel repeats the words never shall I forget at the beginning of each sentence.

[QUESTION]Would you find the word bright on a dictionary page with the following guide words? beat - blessing

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

no

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since bright is not between the guide words beat - blessing, it would not be found on that page.

[QUESTION]What is the mass of an apple?

[OPTIONS](A) 85 kilograms (B) 85 grams

85 grams

The better estimate for the mass of an apple is 85 grams. 85 kilograms is too heavy.

[QUESTION]Which continent is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) Europe (B) Antarctica (C) North America (D) Africa

North America

This continent is North America.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of New York?

[OPTIONS](A) Albany (B) Lansing (C) Buffalo (D) Hartford

Albany

Albany is the capital of New York.

[QUESTION]Identify the question that Nicole's experiment can best answer.

[OPTIONS](A) Do the insides of white boxes get hotter than the insides of black boxes when the boxes are left in the sun? (B) Do the temperatures inside boxes depend on the sizes of the boxes?

Do the insides of white boxes get hotter than the insides of black boxes when the boxes are left in the sun?

[QUESTION]Which material is this door made of?

[OPTIONS](A) wool (B) metal

metal

Look at the picture of the door. This door is made of two different materials. The body of the door is made of wood. The door knob is made of metal. Not all doors are made of wood. The body of a door can be made of metal or even glass.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Oregon?

[OPTIONS](A) Concord (B) Frankfort (C) Juneau (D) Salem

Salem

Salem is the capital of Oregon.

[QUESTION]Select the organism in the same genus as the green tree frog.

[OPTIONS](A) Ardea cinerea (B) Nerodia cyclopion (C) Hyla cinerea

Hyla cinerea

A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. Nerodia cyclopion is in the genus Nerodia. The first word of its scientific name is Nerodia. So, Nerodia cyclopion and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. This organism and the green tree frog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Hyla cinerea.

[QUESTION]In this food web, which organism contains matter that eventually moves to the sea cucumber?

[OPTIONS](A) bat star (B) kelp (C) kelp bass (D) black rockfish

kelp

Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the sea cucumber.There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the sea cucumber: kelp->sea urchin->sea otter->orca->sea cucumber. black rockfish. The only arrow pointing from the black rockfish leads to the kelp bass. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the black rockfish to the sea cucumber.. kelp bass. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp bass to the sea cucumber.. bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the bat star to the sea cucumber..

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest south?

[OPTIONS](A) Utah (B) New Hampshire (C) New York (D) Minnesota

Utah

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Utah is farthest south.

[QUESTION]Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her sentence fluency? If you want to improve your life, consider exercise. Exercise does more than just help to build stamina and strength. It can help you control your weight. It can also reduce your chances of getting a serious illness, helping ward off a variety of conditions, such as arthritis, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis (bone loss), stroke, and type 2 diabetes. It can improve your mood by releasing endorphins and lowering stress levels, decreasing the likelihood of depression and anxiety. Exercise can even help you sleep better. For these reasons, people should aim to exercise every day.

[OPTIONS](A) by varying sentence length (B) by varying the beginnings of sentences (C) by using more complex sentence structures

by varying the beginnings of sentences

The writer could best improve his or her sentence fluency by varying the beginnings of sentences. For example, the writer could revise the underlined text. If you want to improve your life, consider exercise. Exercise does more than just help to build stamina and strength. It can help you control your weight. It can also reduce your chances of getting a serious illness, helping ward off a variety of conditions, such as arthritis, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis (bone loss), stroke, and type 2 diabetes. It can improve your mood by releasing endorphins and lowering stress levels, decreasing the likelihood of depression and anxiety. Exercise can even help you sleep better. For these reasons, people should aim to exercise every day.

[QUESTION]Which text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?

[OPTIONS](A) Deion perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project. (B) Before returning to the stockroom, Deion briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked.

Deion perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project.

The second text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail. Deion perused the nails in the hardware aisle for almost an hour, trying to figure out which type would be best for his project. The first text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner. Before returning to the stockroom, Deion briefly perused the nails in the hardware aisle to see if anything needed to be restocked. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? baking an apple pie burning a piece of wood

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by cooling. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are chemical changes.

Both are chemical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Baking an apple pie is a chemical change. The type of matter in the pie changes. The apples become soft, and the crust turns brown. Burning a piece of wood is a chemical change. When the wood burns, the type of matter in it changes. The wood turns black and gives off smoke. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Both changes are caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? The more acute the experience the less articulate its expression. —Harold Pinter, "Writing for the Theatre"

[OPTIONS](A) oxymoron (B) antithesis

antithesis

The text uses antithesis, the contrasting of opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. Pinter contrasts two parallel phrases, more acute the experience and less articulate its expression.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Paul returned to the parking lot to find his car somewhat destroyed. Apparently someone had crashed into it while he was working and had broken the entire front windshield.

[OPTIONS](A) oxymoron (B) hyperbole

oxymoron

The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Somewhat destroyed is a contradiction, because somewhat means partially or moderately, and destroyed implies totally wrecked.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? You've reached Ed Lambert's voice mail. Please leave a detailed message at the beep, and I will return your call at my earliest convenience.

[OPTIONS](A) onomatopoeia (B) verbal irony

onomatopoeia

The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound. Beep represents the sound that tells the caller to start recording a message.

[QUESTION]Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? gnaw - group

[OPTIONS](A) gown (B) glory

gown

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since gown is between the guide words gnaw - group, it would be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) attract (B) repel

repel

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

[QUESTION]Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?

[OPTIONS](A) Solution A (B) Solution B (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

neither; their concentrations are the same

In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution A and Solution B have the same number of pink particles per milliliter. So, their concentrations are the same.

[QUESTION]What does the verbal irony in this text suggest? "This salsa could use a little more spice," Josh said as he gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes.

[OPTIONS](A) The salsa was tasteless. (B) The salsa was too spicy.

The salsa was too spicy.

The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different. Could use a little more spice ironically suggests that the salsa was too spicy. Josh gulped down water and wiped tears from his eyes, indications that the salsa was indeed too spicy.

[QUESTION]Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Senator Pena announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!

[OPTIONS](A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something

straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Senator Pena hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Pena wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) South Carolina (B) Illinois (C) Maryland (D) North Carolina

South Carolina

The colony is South Carolina.

[QUESTION]Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? It was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast.

[OPTIONS](A) weather (B) climate

weather

Read the text carefully. It was windy last night at the Northern Kentucky Airport. The wind was blowing in from the southeast. This passage tells you about the wind direction at the Kentucky airport last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

[QUESTION]Which greeting is correct for a letter?

[OPTIONS](A) Dear mr. vincent, (B) Dear Mr. Vincent,

Dear Mr. Vincent,

The second greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mr. Vincent is capitalized because it is a proper noun.

[QUESTION]Would you find the word other on a dictionary page with the following guide words? occur - oil

[OPTIONS](A) yes (B) no

no

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since other is not between the guide words occur - oil, it would not be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Using only these supplies, which question can Alana investigate with an experiment?

[OPTIONS](A) When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt? (B) When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in cotton heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in wool? (C) When wrapped in a cotton shirt and placed in the sun, does a large jar or a small jar heat up more?

When placed in the sun, does a glass jar wrapped in a black cotton shirt heat up more than a glass jar wrapped in a white cotton shirt?

[QUESTION]Select the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.

[OPTIONS](A) Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater. (B) Great blue herons have two wings with bluish-gray feathers. Their eggs also have bluish shells. Great blue herons use their beaks to catch and eat small fish, crabs, and other small animals.

Red salamanders do not have lungs! They can breathe through their moist, smooth skin. Adult red salamanders live near rivers or ponds. They lay eggs with no shells under rocks or logs. The baby red salamanders live underwater.

To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group. Amphibians have the following traits: They spend part of their lives in water and part on land. They have moist skin. They make eggs with no shells. Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits. A great blue heron has the following traits: It has feathers. It has wings. It has a beak. It makes eggs with shells. A great blue heron does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A great blue heron is a bird. A red salamander has the following traits: It spends part of its life in water and part on land. It has moist skin. It makes eggs with no shells. A red salamander has the traits of an amphibian. A red salamander is an amphibian.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence so that it uses personification. The lone tumbleweed () across the desert road.

[OPTIONS](A) rolled (B) ran

ran

Complete the sentence with the word ran. It describes the tumbleweed as if it were an active person.

[QUESTION]What can Ernest and Zane trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Zane can trade his broccoli for Ernest's oranges. (B) Ernest can trade his tomatoes for Zane's broccoli. (C) Zane can trade his almonds for Ernest's tomatoes. (D) Ernest can trade his tomatoes for Zane's carrots.

Ernest can trade his tomatoes for Zane's broccoli.

Look at the table and images. Ernest wants broccoli. Zane wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

[QUESTION]Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?

[OPTIONS](A) Africa (B) North America (C) Asia

Africa

The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Asia.

[QUESTION]Which is a compound sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Mr. Crawford sent the email yesterday, but no one received it. (B) The tailor measures the length of the pant leg.

Mr. Crawford sent the email yesterday, but no one received it.

The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction but. Mr. Crawford sent the email yesterday, but no one received it.

[QUESTION]Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Uranus is less than one-tenth of the volume of Saturn.

[OPTIONS](A) true (B) false

true

To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of one-tenth the volume of Saturn. Then compare the result to the volume of Uranus. The volume of Uranus is 68,300 billion km^3, which is less than 82,713 billion km^3. So, the volume of Uranus is less than one-tenth the volume of Saturn.

[QUESTION]Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

[OPTIONS](A) neither; the samples have the same temperature (B) sample A (C) sample B

sample B

Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

[QUESTION]Select the living thing.

[OPTIONS](A) sea otter (B) cell phone (C) house (D) beach ball

sea otter

A cell phone is not a living thing. A cell phone does not have all the traits of a living thing. It does many useful things, and even responds to the world around it. But it does not grow. It does not need food or water. A beach ball is not a living thing. Beach balls do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A sea otter is a living thing. Sea otters grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Sea otters are made up of many cells. A house is not a living thing. Houses do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

[QUESTION]Which of the following could Ivan's test show?

[OPTIONS](A) how much athletes would sweat in the fabric (B) how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water (C) if the sample fabric would absorb one drop of water in less than one second

how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water

[QUESTION]Is a book a good or a service?

[OPTIONS](A) a good (B) a service

a good

To decide whether a book is a good or a service, ask these questions: Is a book something you can touch? Yes. Is a book a job you might pay someone else to do? No. So, a book is a good.

[QUESTION]What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? When I learned the details of Paula's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief.

[OPTIONS](A) literature (B) Roman mythology

literature

The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature. In a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power. The allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Tennessee?

[OPTIONS](A) Oklahoma City (B) Knoxville (C) Nashville (D) Boise

Nashville

Nashville is the capital of Tennessee.

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Bobby has a scar on his left leg.

[OPTIONS](A) inherited (B) acquired

acquired

Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]What does the hyperbole in this text suggest? After he finished the marathon, Jacob collapsed into a chair and declared that he could no longer move a single muscle.

[OPTIONS](A) Jacob was very tired and sore. (B) Jacob became paralyzed.

Jacob was very tired and sore.

The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. The hyperbole could no longer move a single muscle suggests that Jacob was very tired and sore. His muscles were not literally incapable of moving.

[QUESTION]Which statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has dry, thin soil that is rich in nutrients. (B) It has many evergreen trees. (C) It has long, cold winters and short, cold summers.

It has long, cold winters and short, cold summers.

A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has long, cold winters and short, cold summers. The following statements do not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has many evergreen trees. It has dry, thin soil that is rich in nutrients.

[QUESTION]Suppose Jayden decides to take a trip to Nevada. Which result would be a cost?

[OPTIONS](A) Jayden will enjoy his trip to Nevada more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut. (B) Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.

Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jayden wants or needs: Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

[QUESTION]Which animal's skin is better adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth?

[OPTIONS](A) fantastic leaf-tailed gecko (B) nine-banded armadillo

nine-banded armadillo

Look at the picture of the ground pangolin. The ground pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the ground pangolin. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The nine-banded armadillo has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The fantastic leaf-tailed gecko has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Arizona?

[OPTIONS](A) Phoenix (B) Jackson (C) Tucson (D) Kansas City

Phoenix

Phoenix is the capital of Arizona.

[QUESTION]Select the animal.

[OPTIONS](A) Avocado trees have green leaves. (B) Cobras eat small animals.

Cobras eat small animals.

A cobra is an animal. It eats small animals. Cobras can live to be 20 years old. An avocado tree is a plant. It has green leaves. Each avocado has one large seed inside.

[QUESTION]Complete the statement. Gallium arsenide is ().

[OPTIONS](A) a compound (B) an elementary substance

a compound

You can tell whether gallium arsenide is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters. The chemical formula for gallium arsenide, GaAs, contains two atomic symbols: Ga for gallium and As for arsenic. So, the formula tells you that gallium arsenide is composed of two chemical elements bonded together. Since gallium arsenide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, gallium arsenide is a compound.

[QUESTION]Select the living thing.

[OPTIONS](A) mug (B) gorilla

gorilla

A mug is not a living thing. Mugs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow. They do not need food or water. A gorilla is a living thing. Gorillas grow and change. They need food and water.

[QUESTION]Which statement describes the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem?

[OPTIONS](A) It has mostly small plants. (B) It has warm summers and cool winters.

It has mostly small plants.

A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. The following statement does not describe the Tibetan Plateau: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.

[QUESTION]Which property matches this object?

[OPTIONS](A) sweet (B) yellow

sweet

Look at the object. Think about each property. Yellow is a color. This color is yellow. The jam is not yellow. Sugar has a sweet taste. The jam is sweet.

[QUESTION]Which is a complex sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) In June, Lexi and Todd will graduate with honors from Yardley High School. (B) Jonathan will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.

Jonathan will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.

The second sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction if. Jonathan will lend us money for the tickets if we promise to repay him by the end of the year.

[QUESTION]Complete the sentence. Mixing eggs, oil, and vinegar to make mayonnaise is a ().

[OPTIONS](A) physical change (B) chemical change

physical change

Mixing eggs, oil, and vinegar to make mayonnaise is a physical change. Mayonnaise is a mixture. Making a mixture does not form a different type of matter. The eggs, oil, and vinegar look different when they are mixed together. But, their molecules do not change.

[QUESTION]What information supports the conclusion that Julie acquired this trait?

[OPTIONS](A) Julie is most interested in human biology. (B) Julie learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.

Julie learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? ice crystals forming on a window water freezing into ice

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by cooling. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are chemical changes.

Both are caused by cooling.

Step 1: Think about each change. Ice crystals forming on a window is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Water vapor in the air can change directly into ice when it touches a very cold window! A change of state from a gas to a solid is called depositing. Water freezing into ice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes from solid to liquid. But the ice is still made of the same type of matter as the liquid water. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Both changes are caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Alabama?

[OPTIONS](A) Norfolk (B) Salem (C) Birmingham (D) Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery is the capital of Alabama.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Kentucky?

[OPTIONS](A) Frankfort (B) Nashville (C) Louisville (D) Lexington

Frankfort

Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky.

[QUESTION]What is the expected ratio of offspring with a spotted tail to offspring with an unspotted tail? Choose the most likely ratio.

[OPTIONS](A) 0:4 (B) 3:1 (C) 4:0 (D) 2:2 (E) 1:3

2:2

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a spotted tail or an unspotted tail, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the tail spots trait. The question tells you that the I allele, which is for a spotted tail, is dominant over the i allele, which is for an unspotted tail. A spotted tail is the dominant allele's version of the tail spots trait. A guppy with the dominant version of the tail spots trait must have at least one dominant allele for the tail spots gene. So, offspring with a spotted tail must have the genotype II or Ii. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype II or Ii. These boxes are highlighted below. An unspotted tail is the recessive allele's version of the tail spots trait. A guppy with the recessive version of the tail spots trait must have only recessive alleles for the tail spots gene. So, offspring with an unspotted tail must have the genotype ii. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ii. These boxes are highlighted below. So, the expected ratio of offspring with a spotted tail to offspring with an unspotted tail is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with a spotted tail for every 2 offspring with an unspotted tail.

[QUESTION]What is the direction of this pull?

[OPTIONS](A) toward her hand (B) away from her hand

toward her hand

The woman pulls the power cord. The direction of the pull is toward her hand.

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) Cuba (B) Jamaica (C) Haiti (D) The Bahamas

Cuba

This country is Cuba. Does Cuba have any territorial disputes? Cuba claims to own Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is a disputed territory. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the area rightfully belongs to them. The United States controls the area and uses it as a military base and prison. A treaty in 1903 gave the U.S. the right to rent the land from Cuba. But today, Cuba says that it had no choice but to accept the treaty. It wants the United States to leave the area and does not accept the rent money sent by the United States each year.

[QUESTION]Which is a compound sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant. (B) The airport is closed, so we will have to take the train.

The airport is closed, so we will have to take the train.

The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so. The airport is closed, so we will have to take the train.

[QUESTION]Select the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.

[OPTIONS](A) Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica. They have feathers, two wings, and a beak. They hatch from eggs with shells. (B) California newts have moist, smooth skin that is brown and orange. Their eggs have no shells, but they are protected by a poisonous gel. Young California newts live in shallow pools or streams. Adult newts live mostly on land.

California newts have moist, smooth skin that is brown and orange. Their eggs have no shells, but they are protected by a poisonous gel. Young California newts live in shallow pools or streams. Adult newts live mostly on land.

To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group. Amphibians have the following traits: They spend part of their lives in water and part on land. They have moist skin. They make eggs with no shells. Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits. A barn owl has the following traits: It has feathers. It has wings. It has a beak. It makes eggs with shells. A barn owl does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A barn owl is a bird. A California newt has the following traits: It spends part of its life in water and part on land. It has moist skin. It makes eggs with no shells. A California newt has the traits of an amphibian. A California newt is an amphibian.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

[QUESTION]Select the part whose main job is to break down worn-out cell parts and other waste in an animal cell.

[OPTIONS](A) cytoplasm (B) chromosomes (C) lysosomes (D) endoplasmic reticulum

lysosomes

Cells use lysosomes to break down worn-out cell parts and other waste. An animal cell may have many lysosomes.

[QUESTION]Which sentence states a fact?

[OPTIONS](A) The archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey. (B) The archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit.

The archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey.

The first sentence states a fact. It can be verified by researching UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey. The archaeological site of Troy is one of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage sites in Turkey. The second sentence states an opinion. Best indicates a personal judgment. The archaeological site of Troy is Turkey's best UNESCO World Heritage site to visit.

[QUESTION]Would you find the word survey on a dictionary page with the following guide words? shampoo - silly

[OPTIONS](A) no (B) yes

no

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since survey is not between the guide words shampoo - silly, it would not be found on that page.

[QUESTION]Which is a compound sentence?

[OPTIONS](A) Tomorrow the actors will practice their lines onstage. (B) Our birch tree died, so Mom planted an oak tree in its place.

Our birch tree died, so Mom planted an oak tree in its place.

The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so. Our birch tree died, so Mom planted an oak tree in its place.

[QUESTION]What do these two changes have in common? ice melting in a glass getting a haircut

[OPTIONS](A) Both are caused by cooling. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.

Both are only physical changes.

Step 1: Think about each change. Ice melting in a glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The solid ice becomes liquid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not made. Getting a haircut is a physical change. Your hair is shorter after a haircut. But it is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Ice melting is caused by heating. But getting a haircut is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

[QUESTION]What is the expected ratio of offspring with dark yellow flowers to offspring with light yellow flowers? Choose the most likely ratio.

[OPTIONS](A) 1:3 (B) 2:2 (C) 3:1 (D) 0:4 (E) 4:0

0:4

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with dark yellow flowers or light yellow flowers, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the flower color trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for light yellow flowers, is dominant over the f allele, which is for dark yellow flowers. Dark yellow flowers is the recessive allele's version of the flower color trait. A rose plant with the recessive version of the flower color trait must have only recessive alleles for the flower color gene. So, offspring with dark yellow flowers must have the genotype ff. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff. Light yellow flowers is the dominant allele's version of the flower color trait. A rose plant with the dominant version of the flower color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the flower color gene. So, offspring with light yellow flowers must have the genotype FF or Ff. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with dark yellow flowers to offspring with light yellow flowers is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with dark yellow flowers. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with light yellow flowers.

[QUESTION]What kind of sentence is this? Denise considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.

[OPTIONS](A) exclamatory (B) declarative (C) interrogative

declarative

The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.

[QUESTION]Which property do these four objects have in common?

[OPTIONS](A) sour (B) rough (C) sweet

sour

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The dill pickles and the green apple are not rough. A lemon has a sour taste. All four objects are sour. Sugar has a sweet taste. The dill pickles are not sweet. The property that all four objects have in common is sour.

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest south?

[OPTIONS](A) North Dakota (B) Vermont (C) Rhode Island (D) Maine

Rhode Island

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Rhode Island is farthest south.

[QUESTION]Ethan starts to pull the wagon across the yard. To move the wagon at the same speed each time, which friend does Ethan need to pull with a larger force?

[OPTIONS](A) a friend who weighs 21 pounds (B) a friend who weighs 28 pounds

a friend who weighs 28 pounds

Look for the friend who is heavier. A friend who weighs 28 pounds is heavier than a friend who weighs 21 pounds. So, to move the wagon at the same speed each time, Ethan needs to use a larger force to start moving the wagon with a friend who weighs 28 pounds.

[QUESTION]Which correctly shows the title of a book?

[OPTIONS](A) "Harold and the Purple Crayon" (B) ***Harold and the Purple Crayon***

***Harold and the Purple Crayon***

A book should be in italics. The correct title is **Harold and the Purple Crayon**.

[QUESTION]What does the metaphor in this text suggest? Ayana felt a roller coaster of emotions when she heard the news.

[OPTIONS](A) Ayana had varied feelings. (B) Ayana found the news scary.

Ayana had varied feelings.

The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as. The metaphor Ayana felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Ayana had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Ayana's feelings.

[QUESTION]What is the name of the colony shown?

[OPTIONS](A) Washington, D.C. (B) Michigan (C) Maryland (D) Illinois

Maryland

The colony is Maryland.

[QUESTION]What is the mass of an ear of corn?

[OPTIONS](A) 16 ounces (B) 16 tons (C) 16 pounds

16 ounces

The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 16 ounces. 16 pounds and 16 tons are both too heavy.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) repel (B) attract

attract

To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.

[QUESTION]Which property matches this object?

[OPTIONS](A) scratchy (B) sour

sour

Look at the object. Think about each property. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The lime is not scratchy. A lemon has a sour taste. The lime is sour.

[QUESTION]What can Troy and Jason trade to each get what they want?

[OPTIONS](A) Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli. (B) Jason can trade his almonds for Troy's tomatoes. (C) Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's sandwich. (D) Jason can trade his broccoli for Troy's oranges.

Troy can trade his tomatoes for Jason's broccoli.

Troy wanted broccoli in his lunch and Jason was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Troy has tomatoes. Jason has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

[QUESTION]What is the capital of Idaho?

[OPTIONS](A) Boise (B) Baton Rouge (C) Atlanta (D) Nampa

Boise

Boise is the capital of Idaho.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) repel (B) attract

repel

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

[QUESTION]Which country is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) Tuvalu (B) Papua New Guinea (C) New Zealand (D) Australia

Australia

This country is Australia. Is Australia a country or a continent? Both! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead.

[QUESTION]Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[OPTIONS](A) The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2. (C) The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.

The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same. So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

[QUESTION]Which sentence is more formal?

[OPTIONS](A) Many languages around the world are endangered because young people aren't learning them. (B) Many languages around the world are endangered because young people are not learning them.

Many languages around the world are endangered because young people are not learning them.

The second sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (aren't). The first sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest west?

[OPTIONS](A) Idaho (B) New Hampshire (C) North Dakota (D) Florida

Idaho

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest west.

[QUESTION]Which of these states is farthest east?

[OPTIONS](A) Kansas (B) Minnesota (C) Connecticut (D) Maine

Maine

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east.

[QUESTION]Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Senator Lowery announced today that she plans to cut funding to early childhood education programs. The last thing we need is a government official who hates children!

[OPTIONS](A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself

straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Senator Lowery hates children, because she wants to cut education funding. However, the fact that Senator Lowery wants to cut education funding doesn't necessarily suggest that she hates children. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.

[QUESTION]What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Sappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.

[OPTIONS](A) U.S. history (B) a comic

a comic

The source of the allusion Kryptonite is a comic. Kryptonite, matter from Superman's home planet, is the only thing that can reduce the superhero's strength. The allusion Kryptonite means a source of weakness.

[QUESTION]Which continent is highlighted?

[OPTIONS](A) Asia (B) Africa (C) Antarctica (D) South America

Africa

This continent is Africa.

[QUESTION]Select the living thing.

[OPTIONS](A) stop sign (B) van (C) rhinoceros beetle (D) house

rhinoceros beetle

A rhinoceros beetle is a living thing. Rhinoceros beetles grow and respond to their environment. They need food and water. Rhinoceros beetles are made up of many cells. A stop sign is not a living thing. Stop signs do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water. A van is not a living thing. A van does not have all the traits of a living thing. Vans need energy, but they do not eat food. They get energy from gasoline or electricity. Vans do not grow. A house is not a living thing. Houses do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.

[QUESTION]Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

[OPTIONS](A) attract (B) repel

attract

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.

[QUESTION]Which of these colonies was Southern Colonies?

[OPTIONS](A) New York (B) North Carolina

North Carolina

Look at the legend on the map. All of the colonies are shaded by region. The Southern Colonies included five colonies: The rest of the Thirteen Colonies were part of the Middle Colonies or New England.

[QUESTION]Select the plant.

[OPTIONS](A) Alligators eat animals. (B) Ivy has star-shaped leaves. (C) Hippopotamuses eat plants. (D) Water buffalo eat plants.

Ivy has star-shaped leaves.

An alligator is an animal. It eats other animals. Alligators can live in ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes. A hippopotamus is an animal. It eats plants. Hippopotamuses keep cool by lying in mud or water. Ivy is a plant. It has green star-shaped leaves. Ivy is a climbing plant. It can grow up the sides of walls, trees, and rocks. But its roots grow in the ground. A water buffalo is an animal. It eats plants. Water buffalo live near water. They can live near rivers or swamps.

[QUESTION]Which figure of speech is used in this text? Brittany's phone slipped out of her pocket, landing in the toilet with a plop.

[OPTIONS](A) verbal irony (B) onomatopoeia

onomatopoeia

The text uses onomatopoeia, a word that expresses a sound. Plop represents the sound of the phone landing in the toilet.

[QUESTION]Select the mammal below.

[OPTIONS](A) fruit bat (B) bull shark

fruit bat

A bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Bull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow parts of the ocean. A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Fruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins.

[QUESTION]Select the vertebrate.

[OPTIONS](A) ladybug (B) earthworm (C) mosquito (D) rainbow trout

rainbow trout

A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. An earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. A rainbow trout is a fish. Like other fish, a rainbow trout is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.

[QUESTION]Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Ann plays golf.

[OPTIONS](A) inherited (B) acquired

acquired

People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.

[QUESTION]How long is a bike path?

[OPTIONS](A) 2 feet (B) 2 inches (C) 2 yards (D) 2 miles

2 miles

The best estimate for the length of a bike path is 2 miles. 2 inches, 2 feet, and 2 yards are all too short.

[QUESTION]Which metal paper clip has less thermal energy?

[OPTIONS](A) the colder metal paper clip (B) the hotter metal paper clip

the colder metal paper clip

The two metal paper clips are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the colder metal paper clip has less thermal energy.